20230867 Ver 1_Rankin_Final specs_20230609

Rankin Farm
Stream Stabilization Project
Garren Creek
Specifications, Drawings, and Details
Buncombe County, North Carolina
July 2022
A roved : J .
pp b Date: 7/26/2022
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Landowner Guidance for Contracting Stream Projects
Certain issues can arise when contracting a stream stabilization project that normally do
not arise with more common construction contracts such as building construction or
earth moving projects. With most common projects, there is a high degree of certainty
that the project will be installed exactly as shown on the drawings and with the quantity
of materials estimated. This means that contractors can bid on the job with a fixed dollar
amount and should not be surprised by unforeseen changes, difficulties, or additional
materials required to complete the job properly. If a contract awarded at a fixed amount
encounters unforeseen issues during construction, problems with the contractor can
occur since these issues can cost the contractor large amounts of money which will
lower their profit margin.
While engineering plans are carefully prepared to show the expected extent of work,
stream stabilization projects are sometimes not installed exactly as shown on the plans.
Constructing stream projects is unique in that work is being done on a dynamic system
where previously unknown complications are commonly found only after construction
has begun. It is not uncommon during construction for the construction supervisor
(NRCS or SWCD personnel) to determine the need to deviate slightly from the
engineering plans. Other factors can impact the time it takes or the amount of materials
required to complete a project. A few examples follow:
• In -stream structure installation has a downstream effect causing a need for an
additional structure not shown in the plans, or making it possible to omit a
downstream structure
• Availability of suitable construction materials may necessitate a change of plans
• Equipment operator inexperience or equipment inadequacies can greatly
increase the time required to finish a project
• Stream bed properties such as previously unidentified bedrock seams or deep
unconsolidated stream bed material may decrease or increase required materials
• Large storm events and high flows that happen during construction can have
negative effects that must be repaired
All deviations from the plans affect the installation cost of the project making it either
more or less expensive. Material quantities, such as boulders for in -stream structures,
are very difficult to estimate accurately. The relative time required to complete a project
varies greatly from project to project. These factors make it difficult for both the
contractor and the engineer to predict the cost of installation. Also, there are only a
limited number of contractors that have experience with multiple stream projects so
many may underbid a project when bidding total cost. When the cost of installation turns
out to be more than a contractor expects, problems can occur especially if the contractor
is being paid a fixed amount for project completion.
For stream stabilization projects several hundred feet or more long and requiring multiple
in -stream structures, it is recommended that the landowner contract the job with
provisions to accommodate payment for changes to the plans or unexpected material
expenses. It can be problematic to try to work out costs for these issues once
construction is underway. There are various ways to set up your contract to avoid
problems during construction. Work with your contractor to come to good terms on how
to set up the contract so that unexpected issues can be easily resolved. And contact
your NRCS or SWCD representative for advice.
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Streamside Herbaceous Vegetation Specifications
The work shall consist of preparing the area, furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, sod mats, mulch,
fertilizer, inoculate, soil amendments and anchoring mulch in the designated areas as specified;
streambanks, access areas and other areas disturbed by construction activities.
Seedbed Preparation
On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be adequately loosened and smoothed.
Disking or cultipacking or both may be necessary. On sites where equipment cannot operate safely, the
seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place.
If seeding is done immediately following construction, seedbed preparation may not be required except on
compacted, polished or freshly cut areas.
Fertilizing
Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded. Uniformly mix lime and fertilizer into the
top 3 inches of the soil. Where surface materials are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation
is required. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 50-100 lbs. 1-2 tons
10-10-10 Fertilizer 9-12 lbs. 4-500 lbs.
Sod Mats
Strip and stockpile mats of existing desirable herbaceous vegetation. Insure that several inches of sod
remains attached to the vegetation. The root systems must remain moist while the vegetation is stockpiled.
Place the mats on the lower bank slopes and anchor in place.
Seeding
Temporary Seeding - Use where needed for erosion and pollution control, when permanent
vegetation cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established.
Fall, Winter, Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft.
Per Acre
Oats
2 lbs.
3 bu.
Wheat
2 lbs.
3 bu.
Summer Seeding
Sudangrass
1 lb.
35-45 lbs.
Browntop Millet
1 lb.
30-40 lbs.
Permanent Seeding — Use in combination with woody plantings on the upslope side of the riparian
planting. Spring planting time is ideal for native perennial warm season grasses. These grasses should be
used when enhancing wildlife habitat is a goal of the riparian planting. Spring planted seed should be
treated with a cold wet chill process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a
lightly sowed cool season annual to hold the soil and do not need the wet chill process. To improve wildlife
habitat existing stands of fescue can be killed using an appropriate herbicide and warm season grasses can
be no -till planted into the sod. Omit fertilizer when establishing native grasses, fertilizer can be applied the
second year to improve the stand.
Fall, Spring Seeding
Rye Grain
Red Clover
Black Eyed Susan
-Native warm season grasses -
Big, Little or Broomsedge Bluestein
Eastern Gamma Grass or Switchgrass
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
1 lb. 50 lbs.
1/4 lb. 10 lbs.
1-2 lbs.
0.2 lbs. PLS (pure live seed) 5 lbs. PLS
0.5 lb. PLS 10 lbs. PLS
Mulching
Mulching should be performed within 48 hours of seeding. Grain straw mulch should be applied on seeded
areas at a rate of 3 bales per 1000 square feet or 1.5 tons per acre. Apply mulch uniformly. Anchor mulch
with a mulch crimper, asphalt tackifier or appropriate mulch netting.

Streamside Woody Vegetation Establishment
This work consist of securing and planting permanent woody vegetation using rooted stock, unrooted stock and
on site transplants.
Care and Handling
Planting stock should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot stock shall be kept
moist during planting operations. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all times. The root balls of
transplanted stock must be kept moist.
Site Preparation
Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored. On recently graded sites use
temporary seedings, anchored mulch or erosion control fabrics to provide surface protection until woody
vegetation becomes established. Sod may be killed by non -selective herbicides the year previous to planting
stock (follow all federal, state and local regulations in the use of herbicides). When hand planting; scalp an area
at least 3 feet in diameter and 2-4 inches deep. Place plant in the center of the scalped area. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely and there are concerns about potential erosion use a non -selective herbicide
to kill vegetation in a 36 inch wide circle or 36 inch wide strip and plant in the center of the killed vegetation. If
the site is a row crop site, reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. Sites
with undesirable brush will need initial treatments to facilitate planting and follow-up treatments to prevent
reencroachment.
Planting
Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally growing. Plant rooted stock in a vertical
position with the root collar approximately '/2 inch below the soil surface. The planting trench or hole must be
deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting. Insert dormant cuttings
to the depth required to reach adequate soil moisture, leaving 2 to 3 buds above ground. After planting pack soil
around each plant firmly to remove air pockets.
Plant List
Plant Types/
Mature Height
Shrubs, less than 10
Feet in height
Shrubs and trees from
10 to 25 feet in height
Trees greater than 25
Feet in height
Plant to Plant Spacing Plant List
# Per Acre
#Per 1000 Sa. Ft.
3 to 6 feet *Buttonbush, *#`Bankers' Dwarf Willow
1210-4840 *Elderberry, Highbush Blueberry,
28-110 Hazelnut
6 to 8 feet Alder, Deciduous Holly, Crabapple,
680-1742 Red Chokeberry, *Silky Dogwood,
15-28 *Silky Willow, Spicebush,
*#`Streamco' Willow, Serviceberry,
Washington Hawthorne, Witch Hazel
8 to 12 feet Black Cherry, *Black Willow,
302-680 Green Ash, Red Maple, River Birch
7-15 Sycamore, Yellow Poplar, Black Walnut
Persimmon
NOTES: * = Plants suitable for use as dormant cuttings, space cuttings 1.5-2.5 feet apart, 160-
445 cuttings per 1000 sq. ft. or 6970-19360 cuttings per acre;
9 = Non-native plants; Plants listed in bold have wildlife value