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Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
841' Falls of Meuse Road, Suite 104, Raleigh, NC 27615 - Phone: (919) 846 -5900 - Fax. (919) 846 -9467
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S&
EC
June 2, 2015
Environmental Consultants, PA
Road • Raleigh, North Carolina 27614 • Phone: (919) 846 -5900 • Fax: (919) 846 -9467
www.Sand.EC.com
S &EC Project No. 11609.D1
NCSU Project No. 082059
NCDENR — DWQ
Attn: Ms. Cherri Smith
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699 -1650
Reference: Year Four Monitoring Report
NCSU Centennial Campus N -4 Cluster Stream Restoration
Wake County, NC
DWQ Project No. 10 -0425, Ver. 2
Enclosed please find the Year Four Monitoring Report for the above referenced project. As you
will find in the report, it is our opinion that the stream and its 50 -foot riparian buffer continue to
function as intended.
We will be happy to discuss the site in more detail at your convenience.
Please review the enclosed document and provide any comments at your earliest opportunity. We
thank you for your assistance to date and look forward to the continued success of this project.
Sincerely,
SOIL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, PA
David Gainey
Project Manager
Attachments: Year Four Monitoring Report dated June 2015
Cc: Ms. Lynn Swank, North Carolina State University
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... ..............................1
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... ..............................1
1.2 Project History ...................................................................................... ..............................1
1.3 Project Components .............................................................................. ..............................1
2.0 Monitoring ....................................................................................................... ............................... 2
2.1 Methodology ......................................................................................... ............................... 2
2.1.1 Hydrologic Monitoring .......................................................... ............................... 2
2.1.2 Stream Stability Monitoring ................................................. ............................... 2
2.1.3 Qualitative Vegetation Monitoring ....................................... ............................... 3
2.1.4 Qualitative Aquatic Organism Monitoring .......................... ............................... 3
2.2 Results .................................................................................................. ............................... 3
2.2.1 Hydrologic Monitoring Results ............................................. ............................... 3
2.2.2 Stream Stability Monitoring Results .................................... ............................... 4
2.2.3 Qualitative Vegetation Monitoring Results ......................... ............................... 4
2.2.4 Qualitative Aquatic Organism Monitoring Results ............ ............................... 5
2.3 Evaluation of Restoration Success ...................................................... ............................... 5
Figure 1— USGS Vicinity Map
Appendix A — Monitoring Task Schedule
Appendix B — Monitoring Layout
Appendix C — Hydrology and Rainfall Data
Appendix D — Cross Sections at Restoration Reach Gauge Locations
Appendix E — Comparative Site Photos
Appendix F — As -Built Survey (By Turner Land Surveying, PLLC)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This monitoring report has been prepared by Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA (S &EC) to present
and evaluate site monitoring data for the period July 2014 through May 2015 for the North Carolina
State University (NCSU) Centennial Campus N -4 Cluster Stream Restoration project located in Raleigh,
Wake County, North Carolina.
The restored stream drains to an unnamed tributary of Lake Raleigh/Walnut Creek (B; NSW) in the
Neuse River Basin (030402, 27- 34- (3.5). A vicinity map is included as Figure 1. As a condition of
approval of the 401 Water Quality Certification (dated November 30, 2010), the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources (DWR) requested that
this project be monitored for a period of five (5) consecutive years. This monitoring report provides data
collected during the fourth year of the five year monitoring period.
1.2 Project History
North Carolina State University restored a portion of stream at the NCSU Centennial Campus N -4
Cluster Site, consisting of approximately 142 linear feet (LF) of previously degraded channel, and the
construction of an additional 49 LF of stream following the removal of an existing pipe. Construction
Drawings for the stream restoration were prepared by Little & Little Landscape Architects, PLLC of
Raleigh, NC. In March 2011, prior to construction, S &EC installed a reference hydrology monitoring
gauge upstream of the restoration reach, and a rain gauge on -site.
Construction of the stream restoration was performed by Riverworks, Inc. of Cary, NC between July
2011 and August 2011. Construction oversight was provided by Little & Little Landscape Architects.
Following construction, an as -built survey of the restored stream was performed by Turner Land
Surveying, PLLC of Raleigh, NC in August, 2011. For reference, this survey is provided as Appendix F.
Subsequently, hydrology gauges were installed within the restoration reach, and monitoring of the
restored stream and buffers by S &EC began in August 2011. Planting of woody vegetation as per the
approved planting plan was performed by NCSU in November, 2011.
1.3 Project Components
As described on the approved Construction Drawings, restoration of the N -4 Cluster stream included
(but was not limited to) a restored dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream, the installation of rock
structures to provide for grade control and improve bed form, construction of a concrete sill at the
upstream end of the restoration, and installation of an impervious geomembrane to reduce the potential
for the loss of channel hydrology of the restoration reach.
Prior to restoration of the stream, the stream buffer and surrounding area was covered with Kudzu
(Pueraria lobata). As part of the restoration, this invasive species was removed from the restored reach,
the upstream buffer, and the surrounding area to prevent future invasion. The 50 -foot stream buffer of
the restoration reach was then planted with woody tree and shrub species and seeded with herbaceous
ground cover.
2.0 MONITORING
The purpose of monitoring of the restored stream and buffer is to document the overall effectiveness of
the restoration, including stream stability, comparative hydrology of the upstream reference reach and
the restored reach, and the success of planted vegetation and absence of invasive species.
Site monitoring will be performed for a period of five years or until approval is given by DWR to
discontinue monitoring.
This report serves as the Year Four Monitoring report. As per the agreed upon monitoring schedule,
hydrologic data collection during Year Four was performed quarterly, and stream stability monitoring
was performed (at least) annually. The monitoring frequency for Years Four and Five will also consist
of quarterly hydrology data collection and annual stream stability monitoring. Monitoring reports are
submitted to DWR by June I" each year. For reference, the schedule of specific required monitoring
tasks is provided as Appendix A.
Site monitoring dates and activities performed by S &EC during Year Four are described in the
following table:
Date
Activity
August 19, 2014
gauge download,
photo monitoring,
and overall site observation
October 31, 2014
gauge download,
photo monitoring,
and overall site observation
February 4, 2015
gauge download,
photo monitoring,
and overall site observation
May 15, 2015
gauge download,
photo monitoring,
and overall site observation
2.1 Methodology
This section includes information concerning; 1) hydrologic monitoring, 2) qualitative stream stability
monitoring, 3) qualitative vegetation monitoring, and 4) qualitative aquatic organism monitoring. These
data will be used for comparison with data from subsequent monitoring years.
2.1.1 Hydrologic Monitoring
A total of three (3) Infinities, U.S.A. hydrology monitoring gauges were installed on the site
along with a single Infinities, U.S.A. rain gauge. On March 18, 2011, prior to construction of the
stream restoration, one hydrology monitoring gauge was installed immediately upstream of the
restored stream reach to record hydrologic conditions adjacent to the reference reach. At this
time, the rain gauge was also installed to document site rainfall. On August 26, 2011,
immediately following construction of the stream restoration, two hydrology monitoring gauges
were placed adjacent to the restored stream channel; one adjacent to a riffle and one adjacent to a
pool. The locations of all hydrology monitoring gauges are shown in Appendix B on the
Monitoring Layout (Sheet 1). Download of hydrology data from on -site gauges was performed
quarterly during Year Four.
2.1.2 Stream Stability Monitoring
Sixteen (16) photographic monitoring points were established to qualitatively document stream
stability. The locations of these photo points are shown in Appendix B (Sheet 1). To assess
continued channel stability during Year One, photographs were taken at quarterly intervals for
comparison. DWR requires stream stability documentation at photographic monitoring points to
2
be performed on an annual basis during Years Two through Five. During Year Four,
photographic monitoring at the established photo points was performed quarterly, in excess of
the required annual documentation.
2.1.3 Qualitative Vegetation Monitoring
No specific vegetation monitoring or survival criteria were established by DWR for this project;
however, qualitative evaluation and observations of planted specimens, herbaceous ground
cover, and invasive plant species were made during quarterly monitoring visits.
2.1.4 Qualitative Aquatic Organism Monitoring
No specific benthic macro invertebrate or other aquatic organism monitoring was initially
required by DWR for this project. Following Year One reporting, Mr. Eric Kulz requested
qualitative evaluation of aquatic organisms be included in subsequent monitoring reports. The
purpose of this is to provide an additional monitoring element by which the function of the
restored stream reach may be measured. Beginning with Year Two, visual observations of
aquatic organisms in and associated with the restored stream reach have been made during
quarterly monitoring visits.
2.2 Results
This section includes a summary and discussion of site monitoring results for hydrology, stream
stability, vegetation, and aquatic organisms observed. For additional information, the interested reader is
referred to the appendices.
2.2.1 Hydrologic Monitoring Results
Data collected by the upstream reference gauge and the two restoration reach gauges were
compared to observe the effectiveness of the impervious geomembrane in reducing hydrologic
loss from the restoration reach. Unless otherwise noted, the results shown below reflect data
compiled for the period July 1, 2014 through May 15, 2014.
During Year Four monitoring, the water level at the upstream reference gauge has fluctuated
between approximately 0.01 inches above and 1.98 inches below the ground surface in response
to recorded rain events. The average water level at the reference gauge was 0.95 inch below the
ground surface.
Water level at restoration reach Gauge 1, adjacent to a riffle, continued to show distinct increases
in response to recorded rain events. Rainfall driven water level increases greater than 5 inches
were common throughout Year Four monitoring. The maximum rainfall driven water level
increase at this gauge was approximately 7.5 inches. Water level at Gauge 1 fluctuated between
7.78 and 17.99 inches below the ground surface. The average water level at Gauge 1 was 15.77
inches below the ground surface, an increase of 0.99 inches in average water level from Year
Three monitoring.
Restoration reach Gauge 2, adjacent to a pool, continued to show more uniform hydrology, with
water levels fluctuating less drastically in response to rainfall events with the exception of one
heavy rainfall event in January. The maximum rainfall driven water level increase at this gauge
during Year four was approximately 12.93 inches, an increase of 8.16 inches from Year Three
3
monitoring. Water level at Gauge 2 fluctuated between 9.34 and 22.48 inches below the ground
surface. The average water level at Gauge 2 was 20.38 inches below the ground surface, a
decrease of 1.89 inches in average water level from Year Two monitoring.
Total rainfall recorded during the 2014 -2015 calendar year (June 2015 through May 2015) by the
NC Climate Office LAKE weather station totaled 59.18 inches. A comparison to last year's data
is not shown due to gaps in last year's data.
Rainfall recorded to date during 2014 -2015 by the on -site rain gauge (June 2015 through May
2015) totaled 45.19 inches.
Daily precipitation data for this period, collected by the weather station at the nearby Lake
Wheeler Road Field Laboratory (Station ID LAKE), were downloaded from the State Climate
Office of NC website.
Hydrologic and rainfall data are presented graphically in Appendix C. For reference, cross
sections (collected during Year One monitoring) at each hydrology gauge location are presented
in Appendix D.
2.2.2. Stream Stability Monitoring Results
Based on a comparison of photos taken during Years One, Two, Three and Four and general
observation of the condition of the restored stream during monitoring visits, the stream appears
to have maintained its constructed dimension, pattern, and profile with no indications of
departure.
Natural sediment transport and sorting of stream bed material was observed, including the
formation and migration of bars and deposition of sediment. Sediment from an unknown source
not apparent during site visits has deposited in pools. Riffles have become increasingly narrow,
especially during the growing season when herbaceous rushes and sedges are dense. No
excessive erosion around or beneath any structures or down - cutting of riffles was observed.
During the May 2015 site visit, a small area of instability adjacent to a rock structure was noted.
The area is currently vegetated but a repair is recommended for this area to ensure that no further
instability takes place. Any repairs completed in this area will be documented and submitted to
NC -DWR per the approved plan.
Comparative site photographs are presented in Appendix E. The as -built survey of the restored
stream reach (by Turner Land Surveying, PLLC) is provided as Appendix F.
2.2.3 Qualitative Vegetation Monitoring Results
Although no specific vegetation monitoring or survival criteria were established by DWR for this
project, observations of planted specimens made during quarterly monitoring visits continue to
suggest a very high survival rate. The use of large, containerized trees and shrubs within the
stream buffer has led to the rapid beginning of a new canopy over the restored section of stream
channel. The mortality of one planted specimen was noted following Year Four monitoring. Year
Three is the first year in which volunteer woody trees and shrubs were observed in the
restoration reach buffer. Beneficial volunteer woody species include Black Cherry (Prunus
serotina), Elderberry (.Sambucus canadensis), Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera), River Birch
4
(Belula nigra), and at least one species of Hickory (Carya sp.), not speciated. These species have
been also been observed during Year Four Monitoring.
Herbaceous permanent ground cover continues to be generally vigorous and dense, and very few
areas were noted to be occasionally sparse in herbaceous cover during the course of monitoring.
No areas were noted to be significantly bare of vegetation during Year Four monitoring.
Control of invasive species, especially Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) has been ongoing since the
stream restoration. During Year Four monitoring, invasive species in and adjacent to the restored
stream buffer were closely monitored and treated. The single Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus
allissima) previously noted within the restored stream buffer was removed; however, new
specimens sprouted from root material and have been monitored and periodically removed.
Native Cattails (Typha latifolia) were treated to prevent overgrowth within the stream channel
during Year Three monitoring. Small numbers of Cattails were observed growing primarily in
moist areas adjacent to the stream channel, and the channel itself was colonized mainly with
native rushes (Juncus effusus) and sedges (Carex.sp.).
Manual and chemical treatments of invasive and undesirable species by NCSU are ongoing.
2.2.4 Qualitative Aquatic Organism Monitoring Results
At the request of DWR, aquatic organisms associated with the restored stream reach were
observed during quarterly monitoring. A list of species observed during Year Four monitoring is
included below:
Species observed in the stream
Water Boatman
Physid Snails
Green Frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles
Dytiscid Beetles
Species observed adjacent to the stream
Green Frog adults
Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) adults
2.3 Evaluation of Restoration Success — Year Four (2014 — 2015)
Based on our site observations (channel morphology, buffer vegetation, and aquatic organisms) and
recorded hydrology data, it is our opinion that the restored stream is functioning as intended.
The stream appears stable, planted trees and shrubs in the stream buffer are large and have shown
vigorous growth and very high survival, and herbaceous ground cover is dense. Biological indicators of
perennial flow have begun to appear in the restored stream reach, and water in the stream was observed
to be flowing during all monitoring visits during Year Four.
Recorded gauge data during Year Four indicate a similar hydrologic regime as was observed in Years
One, Two and Three. This, combined with the consistent presence of flowing water during this year's
site visits indicates the stream will likely continue to function as intended. Based on collected data to
date, the restoration effort continues to show success during monitoring Year Four.
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Appendix A — Monitoring Task Schedule
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Appendix B - Monitoring Layout
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NOTES:
I . AS -BUILT SITE, STREAM, AND TOPOGRAPHIC DATA PROVIDED BY TURNER LAND SURVEYING,
PLLC OF RALEIGH, NC.
2. PHOTO POINTS AND MONITORING GAUGES LOCATED BY 54EC USING HANDHELD GP5.
3. STREAM BUFFER LINES GENERATED BY 5*EC AS 50 -FOOT OFFSETS OF TOP OF BANK LINES
FROM RESTORED REACH AS -BUILT SURVEY AND 55 -FOOT OFFSETS OF THE STREAM CENTER
LINE FROM REFERENCE REACH A5 -BUILT SURVEY. STREAM BUFFER LINES ARE SHOWN
APPROXIMATELY.
4. STREETS FROM WAKE COUNTY G15.
5. ALL LOCATIONS, DIMENSIONS, AND ELEVATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. TH15 15 NOT A SURVEY.
c 201 2 Soil 4 Environmental Consultants, PA. MONITORING LAYOUT
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Appendix D — Cross Sections at
Restoration Reach Gauge Locations
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Appendix E — Comparative Site Photos
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 1 — Reference Reach, Lookine Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 1 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.13 1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 2 — Reference Reach, Looking Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 2 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 5, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 3 — Overall Reference Reach, Lookine Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 3 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.1) 1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants. PA
Photo Point 4 — Overall Restoration Reach, Lookine Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 4 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 5 — Unger Restoration Reach, Looking Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 5 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.131
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 6 — Uuaer Restoration Reach, Lookin¢ Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 6 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.DI
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 7 — Central Restoration Reach, Lookiniz Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 7 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.1)1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants. PA
Photo Point 8 — Central Restoration Reach, Looking Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 8 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
Mav 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 9 — Stormwater Swale, Looking Unstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 9 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.131
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 10 — Stormwater Swale, Looking Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 10 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 1.5, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 11— Lower Restoration Reach, Lookine Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 11 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 12 — Lower Restoration Reach, Looldne Downstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 12 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.131
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 13 — Downstream End of Restoration Reach, Looking Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 13 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 14 — Overall Restoration Reach, Looking Upstream
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 14 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.D1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants, PA
Photo Point 15 — Level Spreader
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 15 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.1) 1
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
NCSU Centennial Campus Stream Restoration Site
Soil & Environmental Consultants. PA
Photo Point 16 — Level Spreader and Grassed Swale
August 19, 2014
February 4, 2015
Page 16 of 16
June 2015
Project No. 11609.131
October 31, 2014
May 15, 2015
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TCP 33a
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INDEX
SHEET 1 - TITLE, VICINITY MAP,
PLAN VIEW b PROFILE
SHEET 2 - CROSS SECTIONS 1 a 2,
LEVEL SPREADER INSET q
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SI.— F. ..—I
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SI.— F. ..—I