20221576 Ver 1_Project Blue HE-0006 - USACE NCDWR RFI 2 - Response Package 20230519_20230522

Kimley»>Horn
May 19, 2023
Mr. Dave Bailey
US Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27587
Ms. Sue Homewood
401 and Buffer Permitting Branch
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
RE: Action ID: SAW-2014-00610 and NCDWR # 20221576
Response to USACE and NCDWR Comments
VinFast Manufacturing Facility - Project Blue
Moncure, Chatham County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Bailey and Ms. Homewood,
On behalf of our client, VinFast Manufacturing US, LLC, and in conjunction with NCDOT and their
consultant RK&K, Kimley-Horn is submitting the attached (additional) information for the above
referenced Project per the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) email dated April 19,
2023, and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) email dated April 21, 2023. The DWR and USACE
emails were issued following receipt of Kimley-Horn's most recent response to agency and public
comments, dated March 10, 2023. The USAC and NCDWR emails provided comments and requested
multiple pieces of additional information and clarification.
Below is an outline of the NCDWR comments followed by the USACE comments (in red italic font),
along with a brief narrative addressing each comment from the Project team.
NCDWR Comments (received April 19, 2023)
Culvert Crossing Impact site #1:
The design is for 3 box culverts. This culvert design does not appear to meet the following
DWR requirement: "Culverts shall be designed and installed in such a manner that the original
stream profiles are not altered and allow for aquatic life movement during low flows. The
dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream above and below a pipe or culvert shall not be
modified by widening the stream channel or by reducing the depth of the stream in connection
with the construction activity. The width, height, and gradient of a proposed culvert shall be
such as to pass the average historical low flow and spring flow without adversely altering flow
velocity. If the width of the culvert is wider than the stream channel, the culvert shall include
multiple boxes/pipes, baffles, benches and/or sills to maintain the natural width of the stream
channel. If multiple culverts/pipes/barrels are used, low flows shall be accommodated in one

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culvert/pipe and additional culverts/pipes shall be installed such that they receive only flows
above bankfull. ".
The culvert crossing referenced above (Culvert Crossing #1 and Impact Site#1 on the VinFast property)
has been revised and now consists of double 8'x8' concrete box culverts that carry the necessary base
and storm flows without over -widening the stream channel. The revised plan sheets and permit
drawings are attached to this package.
2. The stream armoring proposed above the culvert inlet should be considered permanent impact
with a loss of function rather than temporary impact. Please update the impact and mitigation
tables accordingly.
The impacts associated with the armoring above the culvert inlet have been revised to reflect
permanent stream impact with loss of function and mitigation is proposed for this loss accordingly. The
updated permit drawings are attached to this package, and the revised Project Blue impact and
mitigation table has been revised as well.
Utility impacts:
It would be helpful to see the proposed access road to the Sewer Lift Station overlay with the
proposed future DOT roadway alignment based on current design information with stream and
wetland areas shown. It is necessary to determine the longevity of the proposed lift station
access road and further evaluate how all impacts within these areas are accounted for. If any
impact areas within the proposed access road are proposed as temporary impacts, then
provide a schedule for expected removal of the impacts and restoration of the resource
areas. Please note that impact and/or mitigation totals may need to be modified upon review
of this information.
The location of the proposed NCDOT bridge is included in the attached memorandum detailing the
alternatives assessment for both site access and utility alignment for the section of Phase 1 sewer line
between Old US-1 and the UT-Shaddox Creek crossing. The access road will be within the permanent
easement area of the utility line and will be necessary for access to the utility line north of UT-Shaddox
Creek due to no other viable access alternatives being available. The culverts will be permanent due
to the depth and breadth of the stream and adjacent wetland complex. The impact mapping, tables,
and mitigation totals will be updated to reflect these permanent impacts. The engineering plans, ESC
plans, impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate cover
on May 26, 2023.
2. Further details are necessary to ensure that the culvert proposed for the lift station access road
meets conditions for aquatic passage and/or upstream and downstream channel function as
noted for Culvert Crossing Impact #1 above.
The culvert crossing consists of two 84-inch pipes that are necessary to meet FEMA requirements for
flood flow conveyance. No widening of the stream is proposed at the location of the culverts, and the
culverts will be countersunk to convey low flow without adversely altering flow velocity or creating areas
of significant scour or sediment accumulation.
3. On page ESC-15 of the Water and sewer improvements portion of the project it appears that
the construction limits of disturbance will be at the top of bank of the adjacent stream channel
just before Sta 6+00.

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a. Please note that a standard requirement in 401 certifications is: Any utility construction
corridor that is parallel to a stream or open water shall not be closer than 10 feet to the
top of bank or ordinary high-water mark. It appears that this location will not meet this
requirement. Please provide more detailed plans that document this condition will be
met or provide justification for the reason it cannot be met.
b. As it is difficult to identify all jurisdictional streams on the plan sheet provided, please
also evaluate the rest of the utility line construction corridors for any other locations
where the utility line is parallel to a stream and within 10 feet of the channel.
The section of Phase 2 sewer alignment at the location highlighted is being re -designed to be within
the required 401 certification parameters. A review of the remaining alignments was completed to
ensure that similar situations were avoided or amended as needed. The updated engineering plans,
ESC plans, impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate
cover on May 26, 2023.
4. Please provide the ESC plan sheets for Phase 2 utilities. Please note the items in 3. above
would also apply to Phase 2
The updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation tables
will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
The January 18, 2023 response to DWR's RAI referenced submittal of additional information in a few
weeks" (Items 5a and 7b). While Item 5 has been addressed in the March 10 response to the USACE,
an updated response to Item #7b is still necessary for the Division to complete our review.
Attached to this package is the complete narrative portion of the Project Blue — Phase 1 B Stormwater
Management Report that provides a complete description of the stormwater management plan for
Phase 1B. Should NCDWR need any additional graphics or figures to supplement the narrative
provided, feel free to request or call to discuss as we have extensive documentation (120+ pages) we
can provide.
USACE Comments:
1. Overall:
a. Note that, on April 18, 2023, the Corps responded via letter to those requesting a public
hearing stating that one would not be held for this application.
The Project Blue team appreciates the update on the public hearing status.
b. Please provide all proposed stream impacts on all relevant tables in acres as well as
linear feet.
The revised and updated impact and mitigation table based on other comments in this
packaged is attached, and stream impact quantities have been shown in both acres
and linear feet.
c. As previously noted, the Action Area for all project components includes species
proposed for listing and candidate species, specifically the tricolored bat (Perimyotis

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subflavus) and monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), respectively; consultation on
these species may be required for these species upon their listing.
The Project Blue team notes these species and is closely tracking their status and
understands consultation may be required upon their listing.
2. Project Blue
a. Previously we requested an updated delineation reflecting the changes made during
the verification site visits for the Project Blue phase 3 site. In your response you stated
"The attached Figure 3 is revised to include the updated delineation changes based
on the USACE verification site visits conducted in December 2022. " However, Figure
3 could not be located in your response package.
The revised Figure 3 — Project Blue Phase 3 Delineation Revision Map has been attached
to this package.
Please provide this updated Corps verified delineation, ensuring also that
those changes are reflected on overlapping sections of the NCDOT HE-0006
and Utilities delineation.
The Project Blue team has also made sure the changes have been reflected in the
overlapping sections of the NCDOT HE-0006 and Utilities delineations.
ii. Please also provide GIS shapefiles of the Corps verified delineation within the
Project Blue project area, including the correct delineation for the overlapping
sections of the NCDOT HE-0006 delineation.
The updated USACE-verified delineation for Phase 3 will be attached along with this
submittal via compressed zip file containing the updated delineation shapefiles as
shown in the attached Figure 3.
b. Please provide an updated overall site plan for Alternative 4, ensuring to clearly label
all proposed stream/wetland crossing locations. Please also incorporate the rework
you referenced for the Phase 3 layout based on the Corps -verified delineation of
potential waters of the US.
The updated Alternative 4 is attached to this package with clearly labelled stream/wetland
crossing locations for the VinFast property. The reworked Phase 3 layout largely avoids
delineated features, however two unavoidable minor roadway crossings of stream S123 will
result in order to provide connectivity between the proposed Phase 3 buildings (Impact Sites
#4 and #5).
c. For Phase 3, please provide a zoomed -in plan view showing all proposed impacts,
profile view along the proposed culvert, and cross-section of any rip rap pad(s) for the
proposed crossing of Stream S123 mentioned in your response.
There are three stream crossings proposed in Phase 3, shown in the attached updated permit
drawings as Impact Sites #3, #4, and #5. Impact Site #3 crosses stream S3 as shown in
previous submittals, while new Impact Sites #4 and #5 cross stream S123. The updated permit
drawings show plan view, profile view along road, and the profile view along the stream bed. A
detail has been added to the plan sheets showing the riprap cross section as well showing that

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the riprap will be embedded in the stream channel and not result in a loss of function at Impact
Sites #3, #4, and #5.
d. `Rip Rap Basin" is a label shown at each road crossing culvert outlet. Please further
explain what is meant by this term, as we are concerned about the implications of
"basins" versus maintaining the existing grade%ontour of the stream channel.
The callout for "Rip Rap Basin" was autogenerated by the design software used, but is
incorrect based on the proposed stabilization method shown. The labels on the revised
plan sheets (attached to this submittal) for the VinFast project area have been updated to
better describe the proposed activity and now read "Proposed Riprap Outlet Protection". A
detail has also been added to clearly demonstrate that the proposed outlet protection will
utilize embedded riprap that maintains the existing grade/contour of the stream channel.
e. Impact Site 1:
The three -box design appears to over -widen the wetted low -flow stream
channel, potentially spreading low (typically summer) flows too thin to provide
adequate aquatic life passage through the structure. Please redesign this
structure to maintain the low flow width of the existing stream channel through
the minimum number of boxes as possible, with any additional necessary
boxes designed to only receive bank -full flows. As typified in the Nationwide
Permit Regional terms and conditions:
Culverts shall be designed and installed in such a manner that the original
stream profiles are not altered and allow for aquatic life movement during low
flows. The dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream above and below a
pipe or culvert shall not be modified by widening the stream channel or by
reducing the depth of the stream in connection with the construction activity.
The width, height, and gradient of a proposed culvert shall be such as to pass
the average historical low flow and spring flow without adversely altering flow
velocity. If the width of the culvert is wider than the stream channel, the culvert
shall include multiple boxes/pipes, baffles, benches and/or sills to maintain the
natural width of the stream channel. If multiple culverts/pipes/barrels are used,
low flows shall be accommodated in one culvert/pipe and additional
culverts/pipes shall be installed such that they receive only flows above
bankfull.
The culvert crossing referenced above (Culvert Crossing #1 and Impact Site #1 on the VinFast
property) has been revised and now consists of double 8'x8' concrete box culverts that carry
the necessary base and storm flows without over -widening the stream channel. The revised
plan sheets and permit drawings are attached to this package.
ii. Please provide a profile view along the proposed culvert showing the
elevations of the culvert boxes relative to the stream bed (thalweg) elevation;
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include a profile view along the culvert
relative to the stream bed as requested.
iii. Please provide a cross-section view of the proposed rip rap pad. It is our
understanding that, given the length of the rip rap pad proposed and slight

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alteration of the channel alignment in its footprint, that compensatory mitigation
is being proposed for stream impacts due to this rip rap pad;
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include an erosion control detail showing
the cross-section view of the proposed riprap outlet protection. However, due to the length of
the riprap outlet protection necessary at Impact Site #1, compensatory mitigation is now
proposed for the culvert and riprap stabilization due to loss of aquatic function.
f. Impact Site 2:
The plan view appears to show a re -alignment of the existing stream channel
in the footprint of the proposed rip rap pad. The Corps understands the
reasons for such a design/alignment, but such a re -alignment would be
considered a loss of waters/function and therefore warrant compensatory
mitigation in the stream footprint currently labeled "Permanent No Net Loss
Stream Impacts."
The revised permit drawing for Impact Site #2 have been updated to correctly categorize the
minor re -alignment as "Permanent Stream Impacts" and compensatory mitigation for this
stream footprint is proposed.
ii. Please ensure that Plan Sheet Number C-131 shows the full extent of Stream
S13 on the upstream side of the proposed culvert, consistent with the PJD.
Stream S13 is now shown on the Culvert Crossing #2 plan sheet (now labelled Sheet Number
C-135-B due to plan sheet revisions) consistent with the PJD.
iii. Please provide a profile view along the proposed culvert showing the
elevations of the culvert box relative to the stream bed (thalweg) elevation.
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include a profile view along the culvert
relative to the stream bed as requested.
iv. Please provide a cross-section view of the proposed rip rap pad.
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include an erosion control detail showing
the cross-section view of the proposed riprap outlet protection.
g. Impact Site 3:
i. Please provide a profile view along the proposed culvert showing the
elevations of the culvert box relative to the stream bed (thalweg) elevation.
Note that, based on the contiguous stream channel and low slope, V culvert
burial is appropriate in this instance.
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include a profile view along the culvert
relative to the stream bed as requested.
ii. Please provide cross-section views of both proposed rip rap pads.
The revised plan sheets attached to this package now include an erosion control detail showing
the cross-section view of the proposed riprap inlet and outlet protection pads.

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h. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA): You noted in your
response that `Archaeological surveys by a Professional Archaeologist are currently
underway within the Project Blue proposed limits of disturbance in accordance with the
archaeological survey plan reviewed and approved by NCSHPO Office of State
Archeology (OSA). Survey transects are close to complete, and the survey team will
be immediately moving to conduct additional surveys around areas of potential artifacts
as required by the survey plan. Once surveys are complete, any potential artifacts will
be lab evaluated and the findings will be summarized in a report consistent with OSA
requirements." The Corps awaits the results of these surveys, as this information is
necessary to undertake remaining consultation on this project component with SHPO
per Section 106.
The Phase 1 Archaeological surveys have been completed for VinFast Phases 1 B, 2, and 3. The
finalized report is complete and is attached for USACE review and use as the lead federal agency. As
described in great detail in the attached report, the archaeological surveys of the VinFast Site consisted
of 1,368 shovel tests and identified eight newly recorded archaeological sites, and seven were
determined to be ineligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion D. One of the identified
archaeological sites (31CH1356) is listed as unknown eligibility since the site could not be fully detail
delineated due to portions of the sampling area falling outside of the archaeological study area. The
survey report recommends the area outside of the Project Blue study area in the vicinity of 31CH1356
be designated as environmentally sensitive and protected with orange barrier fencing for the duration
of construction within Phase 1 B and Phase 2.
This report has not been submitted to NCSHPO and/or Office of State Archaeology (OSA), however
we are happy to submit this report directly to NCSHPO OSA if determined necessary by USACE.
3. NCDOT HE-0006:
a. Please provide the highest level of design available for the preferred alternative of HE-
0006 Phase 1. Such plans should include plan and profile views of all proposed
impacts (referencing the aquatic resource labels from the Corps -verified delineation)
to allow evaluation of direct and indirect impacts at each potential WOUS and aquatic
life passage concerns, and facilitate justification of avoidance and minimization of
impacts to the maximum extent practicable.
Attached are plan sheets showing the highest level of design available for the preferred alternative for
HE-0006 Phase 1 and Phase 2. This submittal includes plan views of all proposed impacts and profile
views at relevant sites. The plan sheets utilize the aquatic resource labels from the USACE-verified
delineation. This level of detail allows for the evaluation of proposed impacts at each WOTUS site and
illustrates avoidance and minimization of impacts at this stage of design. The level of design for the
later phases is not as advanced as Phase 1 B and 1 C. A 25-foot offset has been applied for calculating
impacts - equivalent to information typically available at NCDOT Concurrence Point 4A for NCDOT
projects in the Merger Process. As design progresses, every effort will be made to continue efforts to
avoid and minimize impacts to jurisdictional features.

Kim ey>>> Horn Page 8
Design Plans by Phases Status
Phase 1A provided maintenance work t
Phase 1A, Roadway Strengthening & Resurfacing strengthen/resurface existing roadways. It has bee
Package (maintenance work) completed and is not applicable to the curren
submittal; however, this row has been provided fora
clarification.
Phase 1 B, New Interchange at Old US 1 and 90% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus
Realigned New Elam Church Rd. 10-foot offset.
Phase 1C, New Interchange at US 1 and New
Elam Church Rd. (New Exit #TBD), realign New 75% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus
Elam Church Rd., and modify the Interchange at 10-foot offset.
US 1 with Old US 1 (Exit 84)
Phase 1D, Improvements at the Pea Ridge Rd. /25% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus a
Old US 1 Intersection and Corinth Rd. /Old US 1 25-foot offset.
Intersection
Phase 1 E, Improvements at the NC 42 / Christian 25% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus
Chapel Church Rd. Intersection 25-foot offset.
Phase 2A, New Interchange at Old US 1 and 25% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus
Realigned Pea Ridge Rd. 25-foot offset.
Phase 213, Modify Interchange at US 1 and Pea 25% plans: Impacts are based on slope stakes plus a
Ridge Rd. (Exit 81) and Realign Pea Ridge Rd. 125-foot offset.
b. Please also provide the highest level of design available for the preferred alternative
of HE-0006 Phase 2, although the Corps understands that that this level of design is
not as advanced as Phase 1; by way of comparison, the Corps anticipates that this
level of design to be equivalent to information typically available at Concurrence Point
4A for NCDOT projects in the Merger Process.
Please refer to the above response to 3.a. for NCDOT's response.
c. Section 106 NHPA: This review is still proceeding according to the "Programmatic
Agreement among the Federal Highway Administration, United States Army Corps of
Engineers, Wilmington District, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation, and North Carolina State Historic Preservation
Officer for the Transportation Program in North Carolina", dated December 2020. As
previously noted, the SHPO provided a letter to NCDOT on October 27, 2022, stating
that three archeological sites within the project area were recommended eligible for
the National Register of Historic Places. An Effects Meeting with NCDOT and the
SHPO is still pending to make an effects determination for these resources.
Archaeological Survey and Site Evaluations are complete for HE-0006. This undertaking is subject to
the terms and conditions of the Amended Programmatic Agreement (PA) between the Federal Highway
Administration, the US Army Corps of Engineers (Wilmington District), the North Carolina Department
of Transportation, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Officer for Transportation Projects, as executed on December 7, 2020.

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The three archaeological sites initially recommended eligible for inclusion in the NRHP remain the only
eligible sites. Two are multicomponent historic/prehistoric (Sites 31 CH1146 and 31 CH1151) while the
other is solely prehistoric (Site 31 CH 1154). None of these sites warrant preservation in place. Mitigation
measures are recommended should the site be found to be adversely affected by the undertaking. All
three sites are located within or directly adjacent to the interchange improvements proposed at Pea
Ridge Road and US 1 in Phase 2B of the roadway improvements (see attached plan sheets 16 and
20). Per North Carolina General Assembly Session Law 2022-74, the industry (VinFast) must meet a
target of 3,875 jobs prior to release of funds for Phase 2 construction Therefore there is no defined
timetable for delivery of Phase 2B improvements.
NCDOT commits to present the three eligible sites and potential impacts to the NC OSA and HPO for
a final effects determination. Mitigation for any adverse effect impacts determined will be completed
after the purchase of right of way, and before construction of the Phase 2B roadway improvements.
Two cemeteries within the APE of Phase 1 of the proposed roadway improvements were evaluated.
Neither the Merry Oaks Cemetery nor Byrd's Chapel AME Zion Church Cemetery will be impacted (see
plan sheets 7 and 8 in the Permit Drawings). The boundary for Merry Oaks Cemetery (plan sheet 7,
and additional clarification figure showing location of Merry Oaks Cemetery) is beyond the limits of the
illustration but the existing roadway providing access is shown with its connection to the existing New
Elam Church Road. The boundary for Byrd's Chapel AME Zion Church Cemetery is illustrated on plan
sheet 8. Plan sheet 7 illustrates the Ann Reynolds Avent property as parcel #7. Merry Oaks Cemetery's
property boundary is adjacent to its western boundary at the top of the page, beyond the limits of the
project.
4. City of Sanford Utilities:
a. It is our understanding that additional sections of the proposed Utility routes are being
modified. Please provide the updated proposed route locations, updated delineations
to facilitate Corps review and verification of the location and extent of WOUS for this
project component, updated proposed impacts to WOUS. Further provide a list of all
adjacent property owners along new proposed utility routes that were not notified in
the public notice dated November 21, 2022 or updated list submitted with your most
recent response.
The updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation tables
will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
b. Where utility corridors overlap Corps verified delineations for the Project Blue or HE-
0006 project components, use those delineations on the relevant mapping and as the
basis for impact calculations. The relevant plan sheets include Phase I Sewer line
Pages 1-10 and Phase I Waterline Pages 10-20
The HE-0006, Kimley-Horn, EEE Consulting, and Hazen and Sawyer delineations were used in the
areas where the delineation areas overlapped the City of Sanford utility line corridors.
c. The access road designed to access the Project Blue phase 3 area from the west does
not appear to represent avoidance and minimization to the maximum extent
practicable, as other options appear to exist. For example, accessing this area from
the east side of Project Blue, construction of a temporary access road with specific
timeframes for removal and restoration, crossing the UT to Shaddocks Creek via bridge

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instead of a culvert, using the proposed NCDOT infrastructure for permanent access,
etc., could all minimize impacts to potential WOUS. Please re -design or provide
justification that such measures are not practicable. Further clarify whether this road is
intended to be permanent, and note that compensatory mitigation would be required
for all such impacts at 2:1 in the event that the above noted issues can be resolved.
The location of the proposed NCDOT bridge is included in the attached memorandum detailing the
alternatives assessment for both site access and utility alignment for the section between Old US-1
and the UT-Shaddox Creek crossing. The access road will be within the permanent easement area of
the utility line and will be necessary for access to the utility line north of UT-Shaddox Creek due to no
other viable access alternatives being available. The culverts will be permanent due to the depth and
breadth of the stream and adjacent wetland complex. The impact mapping, tables, and mitigation totals
will be updated to reflect these permanent impacts. The engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping,
tables, and associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
d. Item 4)c. above notwithstanding, the following concerns are noted regarding the
permanent access road at Impacts W-03/04 and S-02:
i. NCDOT proposes to cross this stream with a bridge rather than a culvert.
Please explain this discrepancy or modify the design accordingly. Note that
NCDOT's avoidance and minimization measure in this location (namely
crossing this stream with a bridge) is counteracted by proposing a culverted
crossing in essentially the same location for the proposed access road.
The location of the proposed NCDOT bridge is included in the attached memorandum detailing the
alternatives assessment for both site access and utility alignment for the section between Old US-1
and the UT-Shaddox Creek crossing. The access road will be within the permanent easement area of
the utility line and will be necessary for access to the utility line north of UT-Shaddox Creek due to no
other viable access alternatives being available. The culverts will be permanent due to the depth and
breadth of the stream and adjacent wetland complex. The impact mapping, tables, and mitigation
totals will be updated to reflect these permanent impacts. The updated engineering plans, ESC plans,
impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate cover on
May 26, 2023.
ii. See item 2)e. above: the same issue exists at Impact S-02;
Impact Area S-02 is no longer included in the project area as the Phase 1 water alignment will tie into
existing water lines at Pea Ridge Road, which will serve as the western terminus of the Phase 1 water
line. The updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping, tables, and associated mitigation
tables will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
e. Several areas of waterline impacts are shown as permanent. It appears that many of
the proposed impacts involve only installation of the utility and could therefore be
installed as temporary impacts.
Areas of permanent impact that results in loss of aquatic function will only be at areas where culverted
crossings are required for site maintenance access. All other areas will be noted as either temporary
or permanent — cover conversion. The impact mapping, tables, and mitigation totals will be updated to
reflect these permanent impacts. The updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping, tables,
and associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.

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Please clearly denote on the plans (via different shading/hatching) temporary -only
wetland impacts versus temporary impacts involving a permanent conversion of
forested/shrub-scrub wetlands to herbaceous wetlands.
The updated impact mapping will include the requested changes for temporary and permanent impacts.
Updated impact mapping will be included as part of the updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact
tables and mitigation tables package that will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
g. As noted during a previous phone call, neither NCDOT nor the Corps would be
amenable to any of the utilities being installed via "wet' crossings (i.e., without
dewatering stream channels first). The Shaddox Creek crossing at proposed impact S-
71 is one example. Please ensure that project plans and installation methods are
updated to account for the required dewatering.
The installation of the utility lines at Shaddox Creek will be installed "in the dry" by use of cofferdams
and pumps to ensure that dewatering of the construction area is complete prior to excavation for
utility line installation. The updated engineering plans, ESC plans, impact mapping, tables, and
associated mitigation tables will be submitted under separate cover on May 26, 2023.
h. Please note that the Corps is continuing to review the utility plans provided in your
submittal, and will include those comments under separate cover.
The Project Blue team is in receipt of the additional USACE request for additional information received
via email on April 27, 2023 with additional requests specific to the City of Sanford utility improvements.
The City of Sanford will be providing the requested additional information under separate cover, direct
to the USACE with a copy to the larger Project Blue team by May 26, 2023.
5. Dominion Energy Natural Gas Line: The Permit Application stated that this corridor "will be
delineated by Dominion Energy when design is more fully determined. Since the Dominion
Energy alignment crosses features also delineated by Kimley-Horn within the Project Blue
Project Area, the previously determined jurisdictional resources were extended based on field
reconnaissance to approximate anticipated impacts resulting from the natural gas line
installation. " Please provide an update on the requisite potential waters of the US delineations
for this corridor, as well as information necessary to facilitate Section 7 ESA and Section 106
NHPA compliance.
The Project Blue team is currently working with Dominion Energy regarding the natural gas
improvements and alignment; however, the Dominion Energy corridor and improvements are still in
conceptual phase. Once the corridor is set and designed, detailed Waters of the US delineation,
Endangered Species Act investigations, and Section 106 reviews will be conducted and provided to
the USACE. Conceptual temporary impacts only associated with the natural gas improvements as
documented in the Individual Permit application package are included to show the USACE and NCDWR
overall anticipated impacts for the Project as a whole (including all future phases). The Project Blue
team intends to provide the requested and required detailed information to the USACE once prepared
and available once Dominion Energy is able to more fully design the improvements.
6. Duke Energy Transmission Line: Please provide an update on this infrastructure relocation
required due to, and therefore considered part of, the overall VinFast single and complete
project. Important considerations include any proposed clearing and permanent conversion of
wetland areas, temporary or permanent stream or wetland crossings proposed to facilitate

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construction or long-term maintenance, and any potential Section 7 or Section 106 scope within
these areas if tied to the Corps' action on this project. Note that all such issues must be resolved
prior to finalization of the Corps' permitting decision.
The Project Blue team is currently working with Duke Energy regarding the improvements and
modifications to the existing overhead power infrastructure in the Project Blue footprint, however at this
time no changes or modifications have been planned and no impacts are anticipated currently. As Duke
Energy begins to design the infrastructure changes and improvements, if any impacts to Waters of the
US result from any necessary Duke Energy improvements, detailed Waters of the US delineations,
protected species investigations, and Section 106 reviews will be prepared and provided to the USACE
for review.
7. Please note that responses to the questions above may prompt additional information requests
to allow full evaluation of the proposed project.
If you need any additional information to assist in your review of this RFI Response Package, feel free
to contact me at 919-678-4155 or [e-mail].
Sincerely,
Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.
Jason Hartshorn, PWS
cc: Ms. Thi Van Anh Nguyen; VinFast Manufacturing US, LLC
Mr. Monte Matthews, USACE
Mr. Shelton Sullivan, NCDWR
Ms. Sue Homewood, NCDWR
Mr. Colin Mellor, NCDOT
Mr. Jeffrey Teague, NCDOT Division 8

PROJECT BLUE AND TIP# HE-0006
Revision 4.0 - Project impacts and Phased Mitigation Proposal by Project Phase
Permittee
Project
Designer/
phase
Unavoidable
Ratio Mitigation
Mitigation
Component
Operator
Impacts
proposed
Proposed
0.02 ac Wetland
2:1
0.04 ac
364 LF Stream
2:1
728 LF
Phase
0.057 ac
0 LF Stream;
2:1
None
1 B
Stabilization
0 LF PNNL*
N/A (PNNL)
None
VinFast
VinFast Site
VinFast
Phase 2
(No wetland impacts)
N/A
None
(No stream impacts)
N/A
None
Development
Phase 3
6.52 ac Wetland
2:1
13.04 ac
1,634 LF
2:1
3,268 LF
Phase 1
(East)
Stream
Roadway
0.88 ac Pond
N/A (Pond)
None
15.86 ac
2:1
31.71 ac
NCDOT
Network
NCDOT
Improvements
Phase 2
Wetland
1,589 LF
Stream
2:1
3,178 LF
(West)
0.45 ac Pond
N/A (Pond)
None
7.61 ac
Wetland;
1:1
7.61 ac
Conversion
Water and
No
4.56 ac
N/A
VinFast
Sewer
City of
Phasing
Wetland;
(Temporary)
None
Improvements
Sanford
Split
Temporary
2,332 LF
N/A (PNNL)
None
Proposed
Stream; PNNL*
475 LF Stream;
N/A
None
Temporary
(Temporary)
No
0.002 ac
N/A
VinFast
Natural Gas
Dominion
Phasing
Wetland;
Temporary
(Temporary)
None
Improvements
Energy
Split
40 LF Stream;
N/A
Proposed
Temporary(Temporary)
None
Power
Duke
Phasing ng
(No wetland impacts)
N/A
None
VinFast
Improvements
Energy
Split
Progress
Proposed
(No stream impacts)
N/A
None
* - Permanent No
Total
52.43 ac
Net Loss Impacts
Mitigation
Wetland
7 800 LF
Proposed
Stream

PROJECT BLUE -
PHASEIB
VI N FAST MONCU RE
VINFAST MANUFACTURING US, LLC
V I N F A S T
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REPORT
ISSUED FOR PERMIT
CONFIDENTIAL
P ROJ ECT NO.: 6162220216
DATE: MAY 19, 2023
CHATHAM COUNTY PERMIT#WP-XX-XXX
WSP USA ENVIRONMENT& INFRASTRUCTURE INC.
4021 STRIRRUP CREEK DRIVE, SUITE 100
DU RHAM, NC 27703
T: [phone]
Fm F: [phone]
WSP.COM

SIG N A T U R E S
PREPARED BY
Scott Kurz
Associate Engineer
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure inc. prepared this report solely for the use
of the intended recipient, VinFast Manufacturing US, LLC, in accordance with the
professional services agreement. The intended recipient is solely responsible for
the disclosure of any information contained in this report. The content and
opinions contained in the present report are based on the observations and/or
information available to WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure inc. at the time of
preparation. If a third party makes use of, relies on, or makes decisions in
accordance with this report, said third party is solely responsible for such use,
reliance or decisions. WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure inc. does not accept
responsibility for damages, ifany,suffered byanythird partyasa result of decisions
made or actions taken by said third party based on this report. This limitations
statement is considered an integral part of this report.
The original of this digital file will be conserved by WSP USA Environment &
Infrastructure inc. for a period of not less than 10 years. As the digital file
transmitted to the intended recipient is no longer under the control of WSP USA
Environment & Infrastructure inc., its integrity cannot be assured. As such, WSP
USA Environment & Infrastructure inc. does not guarantee any modifications made
to this digital file subsequent to its transmission to the intended recipient.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

1.0 PROJECT NARRATIVE.................................1
1.1 Project Background.................................................... 1
1.2 Methodology................................................................ 1
1.3 Pre -Developed Site Conditions ............................... 2
1.4 Post -Developed Site Conditions ............................. 3
1.5 Summary Tables.......................................................... 4
1.6 Storm Drain Design .................................................... 4
1.7 Detention Pond Summary ....................................... 5
1.810% Downstream Analysis ....................................... 7
2.0 HYDROLOGY CALCULATIONS ...................9
2.1 Pre -Developed Conditions Basin A ........................ 9
2.2 Post -Developed Conditions Basin A .....................
9
2.3 Bypass Basin A ..........................................................
10
2.4 Pre -Developed Conditions Basin B.....................
10
2.5 Post -Developed Conditions Basin B ...................
11
2.6 Bypass Basin B.........................................................
11
2.7 Pre -Developed Conditions Downstream
AnalysisA ............................................................
12
2.8 Post -Developed Conditions Downstream
AnalysisA ............................................................
12
2.9 Pre -Developed Conditions Downstream
AnalysiSB............................................................
13
2.10 Post -Developed Conditions Downstream
AnalysisB............................................................
13
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
VinFast

TABLES
Table 1: Pre -Developed Drainage Areas
Table 2: Post -Developed Drainage Areas
Table 3: Study Point A Pre -Development and Post -
Development Conditions Peak Flow Pates
Table 4: Study Point B Pre -Development and Post -
Development Conditions Peak Flow Pates
Table S: Culvert Crossing #1
Table 6: Culvert Crossing #2
Table 7: Pond lA
Table 8: Pond 2A
Table 9: Pond 3B
TablelV: Pond 4B (Bloretentlon)
Table 11: Pre -Development Downstream Analysis A
Table 12: Post -Development Downstream Analysis A
Table 13: Pre -Development Downstream Analysis B
Table 14: Post -Development Downstream Analysis B
FIGURES
Figure 1: Site Location Map
Figure 2: Pre -Development Drainage Map
Figure 3: Post -Development Drainage Map
Figure 4: Best Management Practices Drainage Map
Figure S: Final Erosion Maps
Figure 6: BMP and Pond Outlet Control Structure Details
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Modeling Data and Hydrographs
Appendix B: Information for Hydrology Calculations
Appendix C: Culvert and Storm Pipes Hydraulic
Calculations and Tables
Appendix D: Water Quality Calculations and Tables
Appendix E: Erosion Calculations
Appendix F: Operation and Maintenance
Project Blue Phase 1B
Project No. 6162220216
VinFast
WSP
May 2023

1.0 PROJECT NARRATIVE
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Vinfast, an automotive manufacturer, is proposing to build a manufacturing facility in the
Triangle Innovation Point (TIP) in Moncure, Chatham County, North Carolina. Vinfast has
purchased an +/-1718-acre portion of the TIP. Vinfast intends to develop the parcel in
phases with the first phase spilt into Phase lA and 1B as they pursue required individual
permits with State/county partners. Vinfast has requested that WSP Environmental &
Infrastructure inc. to prepare a Land Development Set permit package for Phase 1B of the
project. Phase 1B submittal package includes, existing conditions/demolition, site,
grading and drainage, erosion & sedimentation control (submitted to State for review and
approval), plan and profiles as required for constructability, construction detailing,
stormwater management design and report. The scope of work for Phase 1B is to clear,
grade, and install various stormwater credit measures sized for future impervious under
Phase 2 (Giga Factory). Phase 1B will also include the construction of the private divided
highway road to access the manufacturing facilities constructed under Phase lA
(Chatham County Permit WP-22-666). Under the same scope of work two permeant
roadway culverts will be installed, and the remaining utilities (water and sewer to City of
Sanford connection point) outside of Phase lA limits of disturbance. The land use in the
vicinity of the project areas consist of industrial, vacant tracts and some residential
homes. The site is zoned Heavy Industrial per Chatham County Zoning Map. The site lays
within the Moncure Megasite 1070 Overlay, and will implement the 1070 rule to allow for
the proposed development to provide up to 70% hardscape within the property.
1.2 METHODOLOGY
Pre -developed and post -developed peak flows have been calculated using the Soil
Conservation Service (SCS) method. Weighted Curve Numbers (CN's) were calculated
using site conditions based on hydrologic soil group and ground cover type. The SCS
hydrologic soil group for the site is mostly type D per the USDA Web Soil Survey, see
information on Appendix B. Time of concentration (T.) was calculated for each
basin. Hydrology calculations were composed and modeled using HydroCAD 2020
software published by HydroCAD Software Solutions LLC. HydroCAD is a well -
documented and widely accepted model that can apply the SCS methodology. Storm
Sewer calculations were modeled using Hydraflow Storm Sewers. Treatment swales were
modeled using Hydraflow Express. Roadway culverts were modeled using HY-8 version
7.70.20.
The following subsections describe the tools, techniques and methodologies applied:
• Rainfall: Runoff intensities and precipitation depth were derived from
precipitation frequency data obtained from Chatham County Ordinance. See
information on Appendix B.
• Drainage Basin Delineation: The watershed for the area were delineated from
the topographic survey map. The existing and developed drainage basin plans
were developed and are presented as Figure 2 and 3, respectively.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

• Runoff: Rainfall was converted to runoff utilizing the Punoff Weighted Curve
Numbers (CN's) and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method. The
composite curve number runoff coefficients were based on the percentage of
different types of surfaces (pervious and impervious) in the drainage areas.
• Time of Concentration: The time of concentration (Tc) was determined for
each basin using a starting inlet time of 10 minutes and running the 2-year
storm event through each ponds respective pipe network using Hydraflow
Storm Sewers Extension for AutoDesk Civil 3D. All other calculated Tc values
were calculated using the 3-part travel time methodology:
1) Sheet Flow— roughness, flow length and slope
• The longest flow path was identified and divided into the three types of
flow using available topography. Sheet flow reach segments were limited
to a maximum length of 100 feet (1S0 feet is allowed) to avoid over -
prediction of the lag time and under predicting of the peak flow. Sheet
flow travel times (Tt) were based on flow length (L), ground cover
(Manning's n value), slope (S) and 2-year, 24-hour rainfall (P2), and were
calculated using the equation:
Tt =[ 0.007 nL(S)0.8 ] /[ (P2)0.S(S)0.4]
2) Shallow Concentrated Flow— roughness, flow length and slope
• The available topography was used to identify the point at which a channel
formed, defining the downstream limits of shallow concentrated flow.
Shallow concentrated flow travel times were based on the reach length (L),
ground cover, and slope (S), using the equation:
• Tt = L/(3600 x V), where V =[ 16.1345 (S)O.S] for unpaved cover and V = [
20.3282 (S)O.S ] for paved cover.
3) Channelized Flow — channel geometry, roughness, flow length and slope
• Channelized flowwas calculated using flow path length (L), slope (S) and
ground cover (Manning's n value). The surveywas used to define typical
channel geometry, and the Manning's Equation was applied:
• Tt = L/(3600 x V), where V = [1.49 (P)0.67 (S)O.S/ n] and Pis the hydraulic
radius of the channel.
Calculations, Figures, HydroCAD, Hydraflow Storm Sewers, and Hydraflow Express
modeling data are included in Section 2, Figures, and Appendix A, respectively, of this
report.
1.3 PRE -DEVELOPED SITE CONDITIONS
The project areas topography consists of rolling hills and valleys with elevations varying
from approximately El. 2SO to El. 200. The site is currently covered in woody/grass
vegetations in fair condition. Based on United States Department of Agriculture soils
mapping data the project soils are White Store Polkton complex and Carbonton
Brickhaven complex. Both soil types belong to HSG D. White Store Polkton is classified as
moderately well drained and Carbonton Brickhaven is classified as somewhat poorly
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

drained. Therefore, a curve number (CN) of 82 has been selected for the pre -development
condition.
The site drains to tributaries of Shaddox Creek which belongs to the Cape River basin. The
site lays within the Hydrologic Unit Watersheds of Roberson Creek -Haw River and
Buckhorn Creek -Cape Fear River. The subject property is located within Chatham
County's WS-IV PA watershed district.
Two study points, study point A which drains to the northeast of Phase 1B scope of work,
and study point B which drains to the southeast of Phase 1B scope of work have been
selected to be analyzed. These two study points were selected to minimize excessive
drainage areas downstream while encompassing the scope of work for this phase of the
project.
Table 1: Pre -Developed Drainage Areas
Drainage
Imp. Area
Imp. CN
Per. Area
Per. CN
Total Area
Weighted
e__:_
oa:pu I
. &l
w11
A
0.00
98
57.68
82
57.68
82
B
0.00
98
1S0.7S
82
150.75
82
Existing conditions considered as Woods and Grass Combination in Fair Condition
HSG D
1.4 POST -DEVELOPED SITE CONDITIONS
The proposed developed conditions will attempt to maintain natural drainage where
feasible. The proposed development will add 7 acres of impervious built upon area within
the limits of construction on the subject property. However proposed SCMs have been
sized to treat both stormwater quantity and stormwater quality an additional 49.6 acres
of impervious built upon area that will fall under Phase 2. During the design of Phase 2
the proposed SCMs constructed under Phase 1B shall be analyzed to ensure that
stormwater quantity and quality measures are met. Proposed construction will include
improvements as noted within the project background section of this report and replace
the current vegetation, with grassed area in good condition which has a curve number
(CN) of 80. Areas outside the limits of disturbance will remain as woods and grass in fair
condition (CN=82). The proposed development will provide various BMPs (bioretention
cells, dry ponds, and treatment swales) for water quality benefits. The selected BMPs will
provide a minimum of 8S%TSS removal within the limits of construction. The post
development conditions will have four drainage areas and two bypass drainage areas.
Drainage areas DA 1 through DA 2, and Bypass A drains to study point A. Drainage areas
DA 3 and DA 4 and Bypass B drains to study point B.
Table 2: Post -Developed Drainage Areas
Drainage
Basin
Imp. Area
Imp. CN
Per. Area
Per. CN
Total
Area
Weighted
CN
IA
'/.00
98
1.40
80
8.40
95
2A
8.0
98
12.48
80
20.48
87
Bypass A
03.5
98
24.5'/
4.02
82
80
29.32
82
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

3B
37.10
98
5.59
80
42.69
96
4B
1.27
98
3.91
80
5.18
84
Bypass B
2.45
98
84.08
15.83
82
80
102.36
82
1.5 SU M MARY TABLES
The following tables show peak flow release rates from the post -developed conditions are
equal to or less than the pre -developed conditions peak flow rates for the 1-year year 24-
hour storm event through the 25-year 24-hour storm event. The SO -year and 100-year 24-
hour storm event has been analyzed for flooding conditions.
Table 3: Study Point A Pre -Development and Post -Development Conditions Peak Flow Rates
Storm
Event
Precipitation
Value for 24-hr
Event, (in)
Pre-Dev.
Basin Peak
Flow (cfs)
Post-Dev.
Basin Peak
Flow, (cfs)
]-year
2.96
50.75
36.46
2-yea r
3.57
70.11
54.89
5-yea r
4.47
99.98
85.65
10- ear
5.18
124.28
111.44
25-yea r
6.13
157.25
149.17
SO -yea r
6.89
183.82
181.79
100-yea r
7.67
211.18
222.98
Table 4: Study Point B Pre -Development and Post -Development Conditions Peak Flow Rates
Storm
Event
Precipitation
Value for 24-hr
Event, (in)
Pre-Dev.
Basin Peak
Flow (cfs)
Post-Dev.
Basin Peak
Flow, (cfs)
I -year
2.96
107.27
96.48
2-yea r
3.57
148.51
134.48
5-yea r
4.47
212.14
194.84
10- ear
5.18
264.05
245.43
25- ea r
6.13
334.59
319.18
SO -yea r
6.89
391.49
380.35
100- ea r
7.67
450.08
455.55
1.6 STORM DRAIN DESIGN
All storm drain (closed conduit) conveyance system calculations were prepared to meet
the requirements of Chatham County. Calculations were generated using Hydraflow
Storm Sewers Extension byAutoDesk, Inc. The standard formula (Q=CIA) was used to
calculate the discharge rates of the proposed pipe system and the Manning Equation was
used to calculate the pipe sizes. A'C' value of 0.30 is used for pervious areas and a 'C'
value of 0.95 is used for impervious areas. The proposed start time of concentration for
the storm inlets were taken as 10 minutes. Rainfall intensities were calculated per
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

Chatham County requirements. Storm sewers were analyzed for the 2-year storm event
to determine the time of concentration to each pond, the 2S-year storm event was
analyzed for pipe capacity and the SO -year storm event was analyzed to determine if any
flooding conditions occur. The starting hydraulic grade line (tailwater condition) used was
the corresponding storm event ponding elevation within each networks respective pond.
The hydraulic calculations table for the stormwater pipes and the water quality
calculations are included in Appendix C of this report.
Roadway culverts were designed to convey the SO -year storm event with a minimum of 1-
ft freeboard below finished roadway grade. Outlet protection was designed for the 10-year
storm event. Roadway culvert with designed with a 20% embedment for culverts under
60-inches. Culverts exceeding 60-inches were designed with a embedment depth of 12-
inches. The tables below summarize the roadway culvert design. The hydraulic
calculations table for the stormwater pipes and outlet protection are included in
Appendix C of this report.
Table 5: Culvert Crossing #1
Double Barrel 8' x 8' Culvert Crossing #1 Design Details
Upstream Culvert
Elevation
Downstream
Culvert Elevation
Culvert
Length
Slope
Culvert Road
Elevation
18S.S0
184.25
100
1.25%
197.50
Table 6: Culvert Crossing #2
Single Barrel 48" RCP Culvert Crossing #2 Design Details
Upstream Culvert
Elevation
Downstream
Culvert Elevation
Culvert
Length
Slope
Culvert Road
Elevation
193.70
193.00
140
O.SO%
205.00
1.7 DETENTION POND SUMMARY
Per the requirements of the Chatham County Stormwater Ordinance and NC DEQ
Stormwater Manual, the proposed development provides various BMP(s) throughout the
site for water quality and attenuation (water quantity) control. The treatment swales
(grass swales) will be used for water quality benefits, while the three (3) dry ponds and
bioretention cell (DA 4) will be used for both water quality and water quantity benefits.
The bioretention cell (DA 4) was modeled with a 1.0 in/hr exfiltration rate, the minimum
exfiltration rate allowed per Section C-2 of the NCDEQ Stormwater Design Manual. The
dry ponds have been sized to treat the volume of the water quality storm event, the 1-year
1-hour storm event, per Chatham County requirements and will drawdown the volume in
no less than 48 hours and no more than 120 hours. The water quality volume was
calculated using the simple method depicted within NC DEQ's Stormwater Manual Part
B. Detailed summaries of calculations relating to water quality can be found within the
appendix of this report. The dry ponds have been sized to not increase/reduce post
development peaks flow for all storm events up to and including the 2S-year 24-hour
storm event. For the SO -year 24-hour storm event a minimum of 1-foot of freeboard was
provided within each dry pond. The 100-year 24-hour storm event has been analyzed to
determine extreme flooding conditions.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

Table 7: Pond IA
Area: 8.400 ac
Storm
Event
Post-Dev.
Peak Flow,
(cfs)
Ponding
Elevation,
(ft)
Storage
(cf)
I -year
1.66
19'/.09
46,410
2-yea r
.5.53
19'/.52
54,'/2.5
5-yea r
7.12
198.16
67,706
10-year
10.35
198.64
77,963
25-yea r
15.25
199.24
91,184
20.09
199.66
100,850
-SO-year
100-year
25.64
200.05
109,921
Table 8: Pond 2A
Area: 20.480 ac
Storm
Event
Post-Dev.
Peak Flow,
lcfsl
Ponding
Elevation,
/ftl
Storage
(cf)
1-year
2.91
198.35
73,465
2-yea r
6.28
198.99
90,843
5-year
12.95
199.97
118,885
10-year
19.01
200.72
141,497
25-yea r
29.92
201.62
170,376
39.86
202.26
192,157
-SO-year
100-year
57.75
202.80
211,166
Table 9: Pond 313
Area: 42.690 ac
Storm
Event
Post-Dev.
Peak Flow,
(cfs)
Ponding
Elevation,
(ft)
Storage
(cf)
1-year
3.80
191.28
270,110
2-yea r
6.07
191.73
324,224
5- ea r
10.18
192.40
405,226
10-year
15.87
192.88
464,930
25-yea r
27.62
193.47
540,284
SO -yea r
38.94
193.93
599,779
100-year
62.89
194.33
651,992
Table 10: Pond 413 (Bioretention)
Area: 5.180 ac
Storm
Post-Dev.
Ponding
Storage
Peak Flow,
Elevation,
(cf)
Event
(cfs)
(ft)
1-year
1.29
195.13
9,656
2-yea r
1.72
195.39
13,953
5-yea r
3.57
195.72
19,484
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

10-year
5.50
195.97
23,781
25-year
12.43
196.24
28,4'/5
SO -yea r
19.86
196.40
31,422
100- ear
23.39
196.58
34,655
1.810% DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS
The proposed stormwater management facility for the site will be designed to mitigate
the effects of the increase in impervious area due to this development. The proposed
stormwater management facilitywill maintain peak flows rates less than existing peak
flow rates and no downstream properties will be negatively impacted.
A downstream analysis using the ten -percent rule per Chatham County requirements
was conducted for a 768 acres drainage basin flowing downstream from the onsite
drainage basin A. Another downstream analysis using the ten -percent rule per Chatham
County requirements was conducted for a 1504 acres drainage basin flowing downstream
from the onsite drainage basin B. Downstream analysis for study point B included the
modeling of the proposed development of Phase lA for DA 2 (Pond 2) and DA 3 (Pond 3)
which drains to the selected study point "B" under Phase 1B. All other ponds in Phase lA
were excluded due to the discharge location being downstream from study point B. Both
basins consist of woody/grass vegetations in fair condition and small portions of
impervious built upon area. Refer to the appendix of this report for the downstream
delineation map (stream stats) and 10%downstream analysis modeling.
Table 11: Pre -Development Downstream Analysis A
Area: 768.000 ac
Storm
Event
Pre-Dev. Peak
Flow, (cfs)
Runoff
Volume
(af)
1-year
587.13
93.264
2-yea r
796.86
125.656
5-yea r
1,116.81
175.755
10-year
1,373.55
216.577
25-yea r
1,720.48
272.393
50-yea r
1,999.05
5l'/.'/48
100-year
2,285.14
364.770
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

Table 12: Post -Development Downstream Analysis A
Area: '/68.000 ac
Storm
Event
Post-Dev.
Peak Flow,
(cfs)
Runoff
Volume
(af)
I -year
559.49
91.856
2-yea r
/63. IS
124.2'/6
5-year
1,074.75
174.406
10-year
1,325.42
215.244
25-yea r
1,664.31
271.076
SO -yea r
1,936.62
316.439
100-year
2,216.84
563.46'/
Table 13: Pre -Development Downstream Analysis B
Area:1,504.000 ac
Storm
Event
Pre-Dev. Peak
Flow, (cfs)
Runoff
Volume
!af)
1-year
819.70
172526
2-yea r
1,124.99
234.294
5-year
1,593.95
330.314
10-year
1,972.73
408.841
25-yea r
2,485.79
516.486
SO -yea r
2,898.82
604.124
100-year
3,323.71
695.099
Table 14: Post -Development Downstream Analysis B
Area:1,536.590 ac
Storm
Event
Post-Dev.
Peak Flow,
(cfs)
Runoff
Volume
(af)
1-year
776.27
173.300
2-yea r
1,066.21
236.308
5-yea r
1,520.25
334.283
10-year
1,894.83
414.457
25-yea r
2,407.83
524.440
50-yea r
2,827.05
613.984
100-year
3,256.24
706.939
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

2.0 HYDROLOGY CALCULATIONS
2.1 PRE -DEVELOPED CONDITIONS BASIN A
Drainage Area = S7.680 Ac; CN = 82
Time of Concentration (T,) = 44.3 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph - Pre Basin A Phase 7B
Q yr = S0.7S cfs
Q2yr = 70.11 cfs
Qsyr = 99.98 cfs
Qo yr=124.28
cfs
Q25yr
= 1S7.2S cfs
Qsoyr
= 183.82 cfs
Qooyr = 211.18 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
2.2 POST -DEVELOPED CONDITIONS BASIN A
Drainage Area = S8.200 Ac
Impervious Area (Roads, Structures) = 27.03%
Time to peak (Tp) =12.2S hr. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph - PostA Study Point Phase 7B
Q1 yr = 36.46 cfs
Q2yr =
S4.89 cfs
Qsyr=
8S.6S cfs
Qo yr
=111.44 cfs
Q25yr
=149.19 cfs
Qsoyr=181.79 cfs
Qooyr = 222.98 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

PA91NVAPERM aSTAN.1I,I_1
Drainage Area = 29.320 Ac; CN = 82
Time of Concentration (T,) = 29.1 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph Bypass Phase 7B
Q1 yr = 34.49 cfs
Q2yr =
4751 cfs
Q5yr=
67.6S cfs
Qo yr
= 83.96 cfs
Q25 yr
=106.10 cfs
Qsoyr = 123.91 cfs
Qooyr = 142.22 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Drainage Area=1S0.7S Ac; CN = 82
Time of Concentration (T,) = S9.2 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph - Pre Basin B Phase 7B
Q1 yr=107.27 cfs
Q2yr =14851 cfs
Qsyr = 212.14 cfs
Qo yr = 264.OS cfs
Q25yr = 33439 cfs
Qsoyr = 391.49 cfs
Qooyr = 4S0.08 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

PA 611KORl00]1VI0X6],90ZVZ6]0410111100[•y:T_N•1104■:3
Drainage Area=150.230 Ac
Impervious Area (Roads, Structures) = 27.17%;
Time to Peak(T,p) = 12.41 hr. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph -Post B Study Point Phase 7B
Q yr = 96.48 cfs
Q2yr=134.48 cfs
Qsyr=194.84 cfs
Qo yr = 245.43 cfs
Q25yr = 319.18 cfs
Qsoyr = 380.35 cfs
Qooyr = 455.55 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
2.6 BYPASS BAS IN B
Drainage Area=102.360 Ac; CN = 82
Time of Concentration (T,) = 42.8 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph Bypass B Phase 7B
Q1 yr = 92.57 cfs
Q2yr=128.03 cfs
Qsyr=182.67 cfs
Qo yr = 226.90 cfs
Q25yr = 286.88 cfs
Qsoyr = 335.19 cfs
Qooyr = 384.90 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

PAFAWU0•]1•A9X•]W9•z•Z•]4101111•]04Ly z•1A.THIL11 7IF_Iu�
r_HIr_I�-�1NF_I
Drainage Area = 768 Ac; CN = 84
Time of Concentration (Tc) = 62.3 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph Existing Downstream Analysis
Q1 yr = 587.13 cfs
Q2yr =
796.86 cfs
Qsyr=1,116.81
cfs
Q0yr
= 1,373.SS cfs
Q25yr
= 1,720.48 cfs
Qsoyr
= 1,999.OS Cfs
Qooyr = 2,285.14 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
2.8 POST -DEVELOPED CONDITIONS DOWNSTREAM
ANALYSIS A
The following results come from Hydrograph Post Downstream Analysis A by combining
the peak flows from the following hydrographs: Post A Study Point Phase 113, Bypass A
Phase 1 B and 10% PP A.
Drainage Area =768 Ac
Impervious Area (Roads, Structures) = 7.26%
Time to Peak (Tp) = 12.67 hr. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Post Downstream Analysis A
Q1 yr = SS9.49 cfs
Q2yr = 763.13 cfs
Qsyr=1,074.75 cfs
Qsoyr=1,325.42
cfs
Q25yr=1,664.31
cfs
Qsoyr=1,936.62
cfs
Qooyr
= 2,216.84 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

P40aW U 001aNAaX•],a z616],1011116],L30161TWTHI 11UW_,IuI
r_HIr_IAV&01LV.all
Drainage Area=1SO4.00 Ac; CN = 83
Time of Concentration (Tc) = 91.0 min. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Hydrograph Existing Downstream Analysis B
Q, yr=819.70 cfs
Q2yr=1,124.99 cfs
Qsyr=1,593.95 cfs
Q0yr = 1,972.73 cfs
Q25yr = 2,485.79 cfs
Qsoyr = 2,898.82 cfs
Qooyr = 3,323.71 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
2.10 POST -DEVELOPED CONDITIONS DOWNSTREAM
ANALYSIS B
The following results come from Hydrograph Post Downstream Analysis A by combining
the peak flows from the following hydrographs: Post B Study Point Phase 113, Bypass B
Phase 113, Post Phase lA (includes only Pond 2 Phase lA and Pond 3 Phase 1A) and 10% PP
B.
Drainage Area=1S36.S90 Ac
Impervious Area (Roads, Structures) = 4.85%
Time to Peak (T,p) = 13.04 hr. (See appendix A)
The following results come from Post Downstream Analysis B
Q1 yr = 776.27 cfs
Q2yr=1,066.21 cfs
Qsyr=1,520.25 cfs
Q0yr = 1,894.83 cfs
Q25yr = 2,407.83 cfs
Qsoyr = 2,827.OS cfs
Qooyr = 3,256.24 cfs
Note: See Appendix A for peak flow modeling data and hydrographs.
Project Blue Phase 1B WSP
Project No. 6162220216 May 2023
V i n Fast

Project Blue
Phase 3 Delineation Revision Map

N.
1 W29
W31Vol-
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a
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(REVISED)
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WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTURE INC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL: [phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
' PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
I/
VINFAST
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
1 REVISIONS l
NO. DATE BY I APPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
PN
CHECKED BY:
ML
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
'SHEET TITLE:
ROAD PLAN AND
PROFILE SHEET 4
OF 7
SHEET NUMBER:
REV. #
C-133-B
0
SHEET27 OF 112 SHEETS

1 2 3 4 5 6
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WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTURE INC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL: [phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
' PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
I/
V I N F A S T
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
! REVISIONS l
NO. DATE BY APPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
PIN
CHECKED BY:
ML
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
'SHEET TITLE:
ROAD PLAN AND
PROFILE SHEET 6
OF 7
SHEET NUMBER:
REV. #
C-135-B
0
SHEET29 OF 112 SHEETS
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WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTUREINC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL: [phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, INC
V/ 7
VINFAS
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
r REVISIONS 1
NO. DATE BY JAPPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
DS
CHECKED BY:
SK
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
SHEET TITLE:
PERMANENT
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REV. #
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WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTUREINC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL: [phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE1B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
V/
V I N F A S
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162.22-0216
r REVISIONS 1
NO. DATE BY APPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
DS
CHECKED BY:
SK
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
SHEET TITLE:
PERMANENT
CULVERT
CROSSING #4
AND #5 FUTURE
PHASE 3
SHEET NUMBER:
REV. #
SHEET 3 OF 3 SHEETS
1 1
J:16162220216-PROJECT-BLUR-PHASE 1B\CAD\REFU(-FUTURE PHASE 2 AND 3 CULVERT.-

2
3 1 4
5 1 6
wo
zc
z�
ww
E
�a
M p
D
C
B
RIPRAP OUTLET PROTECTION
APRON
MIN.
WIDTH
WIDTH AT
MIN.
ID
LENGTH
AT PIPE
OUTLET
THICKNESS
NCDOT
(FT)
OUTLET
END
(FT)
RIPRAP CLASS
SB DA 1
20
9
23
1.125
CLASS 1
SB DA 2
30
12
34
2.025
CLASS 2
SB DA 3
33
15
38
2.25
CLASS 2
SKB DA 4
12
6
14
0.9
CLASS 1
ALL SKIMMER
BASINS
10
5
5
1.25
CLASS
(EXCLUDING DA 4)
Temporary Culvert
Crossing #3
10
21
21
1.88
CLASS 2
L - SEE CHART BELOW
O
Iu
U
N
RIP -RAP (CLASS VARIES)
MIN. THICKNESS = 1.5 X DMAX
NOTES
REFER TO SHEET C-477-B FOR
RIPRAP OUTLET PROTECTION
DETAILS FOR PERMANENT
CULVERT CROSSING #1 AND #2
1. ENSURE THAT THE SUBGRADE FOR THE FILTER AND RIP -RAP FOLLOWS THE REQUIRED LINES AND GRADES SHOWN IN THE
PLAN. COMPACT ANY FILL REQUIRED IN THE SUBGRADE TO THE DENSITY OF THE SURROUNDING UNDISTURBED MATERIAL. LOW
AREAS IN THE SUBGRADE ON UNDISTURBED SOIL MAY ALSO BE FILLED BY INCREASING THE RIP -RAP THICKNESS.
2. THE RIP -RAP AND GRAVEL FILTER MUST CONFORM TO THE SPECIFIED GRADING LIMITS SHOWN ON THE PLANS.
3. FILTER CLOTH, WHEN USED, MUST MEET DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND BE PROPERLY PROTECTED FROM PUNCHING OR
TEARING DURING INSTALLATION. REPAIR ANY DAMAGE BY REMOVING THE RIP -RAP AND PLACING ANOTHER PIECE OF FILTER
CLOTH OVER THE DAMAGED AREA. ALL CONNECTING JOINTS SHOULD OVERLAP SO THE TOP LAYER IS ABOVE DOWNSTREAM
LAYER A MINIMUM OF 1 FOOT. IF THE DAMAGE IS EXTENSIVE, REPLACE THE ENTIRE FILTER CLOTH.
4. RIP -RAP MAY BE PLACED BY EQUIPMENT, BUT TAKE CARE TO AVOID DAMAGING THE FILTER.
5. THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF THE RIP -RAP SHOULD BE 1.5 TIMES THE MAXIMUM STONE DIAMETER.
6. RIP -RAP MAY BE FIELD STONE OR ROUGH QUARRY STONE. IT SHOULD BE HARD, ANGULAR, HIGHLY WEATHER -RESISTANT AND
WELL GRADED.
7. CONSTRUCT THE APRON ON ZERO GRADE WITH NO OVERFILL AT THE END. MAKE THE TOP OF THE RIP -RAP AT THE
DOWNSTREAM END LEVEL WITH THE RECEIVING AREA OR SLIGHTLY BELOW IT.
8. ENSURE THAT THE APRON IS PROPERLY ALIGNED WITH THE RECEIVING STREAM AND PREFERABLY STRAIGHT THROUGHOUT ITS
LENGTH. IF A CURVE IS NEEDED TO FIT SITE CONDITIONS, PLACE IT IN THE UPPER SECTION OF THE APRON.
9. IMMEDIATELY AFTER CONSTRUCTION, STABILIZE ALL DISTURBED AREAS WITH VEGETATION.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NOTES:
1. MINIMUM RIP RAP APRON LENGTH PROVIDED IN TABLE. CONTRACTOR TO EXTEND LENGTH AS REQUIRED BY FIELD CONDITIONS
TO INTERSECT SILT FENCE WITH SILT FENCE OUTLET.
2. INSPECT RIP -RAP OUTLET STRUCTURES WEEKLY AND AFTER SIGNIFICANT (1 INCH OR GREATER) RAINFALL EVENTS TO SEE IF
ANY EROSION AROUND OR BELOW THE RIP -RAP HAS TAKEN PLACE, OR IF STONES HAVE BEEN DISLODGED. IMMEDIATELY MAKE
ALL NEEDED REPAIRS TO PREVENT FURTHER DAMAGE.
RIP -RAP APRON OUTLET PROTECTION
C-473- SCALE: NTS
■�I iiiii�ITTRITFiff�l�
TEMPORARY #5 WASHED
SEDIMENT POOL STONE
ry
12"
2.1 SLOPE,
GRAVEL FILTER
WOODEN STAKES
WIRE (1/4" TO 1/2" GRID OPENING)
MESH CONCRETE
BLOCK
NOTES:
1. LAY ONE BLOCK ON EACH SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE ON ITS SIDE IN THE BOTTOM ROW TO
ALLOW POOL DRAINAGE. THE FOUNDATION SHOULD BE EXCAVATED AT LEAST 2 INCHES
BELOW THE CREST OF THE STORM DRAIN. PLACE THE BOTTOM ROW OF BLOCKS AGAINST
THE EDGE OF THE STORM DRAIN FOR LATERAL SUPPORT AND TO AVOID WASHOUTS WHEN
OVERFLOW OCCURS. IF NEEDED, GIVE LATERAL SUPPORT TO SUBSEQUENT ROWS BY
PLACING 2 X 4 WOOD STUDS THROUGH BLOCK OPENINGS.
2. CAREFULLY FIT HARDWARE CLOTH OR COMPARABLE WIRE MESH WITH %-INCH OPENINGS
OVER ALL BLOCK OPENINGS TO HOLD GRAVEL IN PLACE.
3. USE CLEAN GRAVEL,''/, TO'/,INCH IN DIAMETER, PLACED 2 INCHES BELOW THE TOP OF THE
BLOCK ON A 2:1 SLOPE OR FLATTER AND SMOOTH IT TO AN EVEN GRADE. DOT #57 WASHED
STONE IS RECOMMENDED.
4. IF ONLY STONE AND GRAVEL ARE USED, KEEP THE SLOPE TOWARD THE INLET NO STEEPER
THAN 3:1. LEAVE A MINIMUM 1-FOOT WIDE LEVEL STONE AREA BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE
AND AROUND THE INLET TO PREVENT GRAVEL FROM ENTERING INLET. ON THE SLOPE
TOWARD THE INLET, USE STONE 3 INCHES IN DIAMETER OR LARGER. ON THE SLOPE AWAY
FROM THE INLET USE ''/2-'/e INCH GRAVEL (NCDOT #57 WASHED STONE) AT A MINIMUM
THICKNESS OF 1 FOOT.
MAINTENANCE:
A INSPECT THE BARRIER AT LEAST WEEKLY AND AFTER EACH SIGNIFICANT ('/z INCH OR GREATER)
RAINFALL AND MAKE REPAIRS AS NEEDED. REMOVE SEDIMENT AS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE
ADEQUATE STORAGE VOLUME FOR SUBSEQUENT RAINS. WHEN THE CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE
AREA HAS BEEN ADEQUATELY STABILIZED, REMOVE ALL MATERIALS AND ANY UNSTABLE SOIL,
AND EITHER SALVAGE OR DISPOSE OF IT PROPERLY. BRING THE DISTURBED AREA TO PROPER
GRADE, THEN SMOOTH AND COMPACT IT. APPROPRIATELY STABILIZE ALL BARE AREAS AROUND
THE INLET.
44 BLOCK & GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
C 473- SCALE: NTS
DROP INLET
DEWATERING WITH GRATE
PUM
NUI-
1. CONTRACTOR TO UTILIZE A FLOATING PUMP INTAKE DEVICE TO DRAW WATER FROM SEDIMENT BASINS.
(PUMPS TO BE LOCATED WITHIN THE BASIN CELL CONTAINING THE SKIMMER DEVICE)
2. USE NO. 5 OR NO. 57 STONE FOR SEDIMENT CONTROL STONE.
3. PROVIDE STABILIZED OUTLET TO STREAM BANK.
4. WOOD PALLETS MAY BE USED IN LIEU OF STONE AND GEOTEXTILE AS DIRECTED. A SUFFICIENT NUMBER
OF PALLETS MUST BE PROVIDED TO ELEVATE THE ENTIRE SPECIAL STILLING BASIN ABOVE NATURAL
GROUND.
5. THE SIZE AND NUMBER OF SILT BAGS SHOULD BE BASED ON THE DEWATERING PUMP AND
MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATIONS.
6. TIGHTLY SECURE THE PUMP DISCHARGE TO THE SILT BAG SLEEVE WITH A STRAP OR SIMILAR DEVICE TO
PREVENT WATER/SEDIMENT FROM LEAKING WITHOUT TREATMENT.
7. CONTROL PUMPING RATE TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE PRESSURE WITHIN THE SILT BAG IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE MANUFACTURER RECOMMENDATIONS. AS THE BAG FILLS WITHIN SEDIMENT, REDUCE THE PUMP
RATE.
8. REPLACE THE SILT BAG WHEN ONE HALF (1/2) FULL OF SEDIMENT.
9. SILT BAG DEVICE MUST BE > 50FT FROM THE TOP OF THE STREAM BANK AND WATER MUST BE
DISCHARGED IN A DIFFUSE MANNER.
10. SLIT BAG TO BE CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED WHILE IN USE.
SLIT BAG AND PUMP SHALL MEET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:
• BAG SEAMS SHALL A WIDE WIDTH STRENGTH OF AT LEAST 60 LB/IN PER ASTM D4884
• FILTER FABRIC TO BE TYPE 2
• WEIGHT SHALL BE AT LEAST 8.0 OZ/YD PER ASTM D-3776
• GRAB TENSILE SHALL BE AT LEAST 200 LB PER ASTM D-4632
• PUNCTURE STRENGTH SHALL BE AT LEAST 130 LB PER ASTM D4833
• PUMP FLOW RATE SHALL BE 80 GAL/MIN/SF PER ASTM D4491
2 SEDIMENT BAG
C-473- SCALE: NITS
4' MAX.
--------------
NCDOT #5 OR #57
WASHED STONE
19-GAUGE HARDWARE
CLOTH (1/4" MESH OPENINGS)
NOTES:
1. UNIFORMLY GRADE A SHALLOW DEPRESSION APPROACHING THE INLET.
2. DRIVE 5-FOOT STEEL POSTS 2 FEET INTO THE GROUND SURROUNDING
THE INLET. SPACE POSTS EVENLY AROUND THE PERIMETER OF THE INLET,
A MAXIMUM OF 4 FEET APART.
3. SURROUND THE POSTS WITH WIRE MESH HARDWARE CLOTH. SECURE
THE WIRE MESH TO THE STEEL POSTS AT THE TOP, MIDDLE, AND BOTTOM.
PLACING A 2-FOOT FLAP OF THE WIRE MESH UNDER THE GRAVEL FOR
ANCHORING IS RECOMMENDED.
4. PLACE CLEAN GRAVEL (NC DOT #5 OR #57 STONE) ON A 2:1 SLOPE WITH A
HEIGHT OF 16 INCHES AROUND THE WIRE, AND SMOOTH TO EN EVEN
GRADE.
5. ONCE THE CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA HAS BEEN STABILIZED,
REMOVE ACCUMULATED SEDIMENT, AND ESTABLISH FINAL GRADING
ELEVATIONS.
6. COMPACT THE AREA PROPERLY AND STABILIZE IT WITH GROUND COVER.
MAINTENANCE:
INSPECT INLETS AT LEAST WEEKLY AND AFTER EACH SIGNIFICANT (1/2-INCH
OR GREATER) RAINFALL EVENT. CLEAR THE MESH WIRE OF ANY DEBRIS OR
OTHER OBJECTS TO PROVIDED ADEQUATE FLOW FOR SUBSEQUENT RAINS.
TAKE CARE NOT TO DAMAGE OR UNDERCUT THE WIRE MESH DURING
SEDIMENT REMOVAL. REPLACE STONE AS NEEDED.
5 1 HARDWARE CLOTH & GRAVEL INLET PROTECTION
473-B SCALE: NITS
STONE
INSTALLATION NOTES:
1. PRIOR TO INSTALLATION AND/OR ANY DIGGING ACTIVITIES, ALL UNDERGROUND UTILITIES SHALL BE LOCATED AND MARKED.
2. PERMIT BOX STRUCTURE SHALL BE INSTALLED WITHIN THE LIMITS OF DISTURBANCE, IN A SAFE LOCATION AWAY FROM
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION.
3. 6" X 6" WOOD POST SHALL BE BURIED A MINIMUM OF 3 FEET DEEP. SINCE PERMIT BOX SETUP IS TEMPORARY IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT NO PERMANENT QUIRETE MATERIAL IS UTILIZED TO SECURE THE POST IN THE GROUND UNLESS
DETERMINED TO BE NECESSARY.
4. PERMIT BOX SHALL BE INSTALLED 3 FEET FROM THE EXISTING GROUND TO THE 6" X 6" WOOD POST. MOUNTING SCREWS,
WASHERS, AND PUSH PINS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THE PERMIT BOX PACKAGE.
5. RAIN GAUGE SHALL BE INSTALLED AT THE TOP OF THE 6" X 6" WOOD POST USING THE SCREWS FROM THE RAIN GAUGE
PACKAGE.
5.1. TO ENSURE ACCURATE RAIN MEASUREMENT THE RAIN GAUGE SHALL BE PLACED ON A FLAT, LEVEL SURFACE.
5.2. VERIFY THE RAIN GAUGE IS NOT PLACED IN A LOW SPOT THAT COULD BECOME FLOODED OR IN AN AREA WHERE THERE
ARE OBSTRUCTIONS ABOVE IT.
5.3. TO SETUP THE RAIN GAUGE REFER TO ASSOCIATED MANUAL THAT SHOULD COME WITH THE RAIN GAUGE PACKAGE.
MAINTENANCE NOTES:
1. IF PERMIT BOX STRUCTURE AND/OR RAIN GAUGE BECOME DAMAGED, THE ASSOCIATED PARTS SHALL BE REPLACED.
2. IF THE INTEGRATED SNAP LOCK CLOSURE MECHANISM ON THE PERMIT BOX BREAKS AN ALTERNATE METHOD OF ENSURING THE
LID SHALL STAY SECURE AND SHUT SHOULD BE PROVIDED AND UTILIZED.
r3_� PERMIT BOX W1 RAIN GAUGE
C-473- SCALE: NTS
WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTURE INC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL:[phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
/
VINFAST
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
r REVISIONS l
NO. DATE BY I APPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
RC
CHECKED BY:
ML
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
SHEET TITLE:
EROSION
CONTROL DETAILS
SHEET 4 OF 8
/SHEET NUMBER: I REV. #
C-473-B I 0 I
SHEET94 OF 112 SHEETS
' 1 ' 2 3
J:\8162220216iROJECT-BLUE\-PHASE MCAMCIVIL\C470 EROSION CONTROL DETAILS.-
4
5
6

I
2
3
4
5
6
E
D
C
B
A
112 DIAMETER OF
6-INCH NCDOT #5 OR #57
PIPE OR 12"
WASHED STONE RIPRAP
WHICHEVER
CLASS B EROSION STONE
IS GREATER Z
GEOTEXTILE FILTER J
PIPE CULVERTS PER PLAN SET.
CLOTH
CULVERTS TO BE EMBEDDED 12 INCHES
FOR ALL CULVERTS WITH A DIAMETER
GREATER THAN 48-INCHES AND 20 % OF THE
ELEVATION VIEW
CULVERT DIAMETER FOR CULVERTS LESS
THAN OR EQUAL TO 48-INCHES.
STREAM
EARTH FILL
COVERED BY
LARGE ANGULAR
ROOK CONFORMING
FLOW
V V V V V V
I
I
TO NCDEQ I�
STANDARD 6.70
25' MINIMUM FROM
TOP OF BANK ~ Y
�y.,
25' MINIMUM FROM 1
Y I~ TOP OF BANK a
0
�'$ 0ffi0 ? 0
0
��
O 1
0111
i
I
I
CULVERT y
STREAM CHANNEL
PLAN VIEW
NOTES:
1. INSPECT TEMPORARY STREAM CROSSING(S) WEEKLY AND AFTER
SIGNIFICANT RAIN EVENTS, BLOCKAGE IN CHANNEL, EROSION FOR
ABUTMENTS, CHANNEL SCOUR, RIPRAP DISPLACEMENT AND PIPE
CONDITION. REPAIR DEFICIENCIES IMMEDIATELY.
2. APPROACH AREAS MUST BE MAINTAINED WITH COARSE AGGREGATE TO
PREVENT SEDIMENT FORM ACCUMULATING AND ENTERING STREAM.
3. KEEP STREAM CROSSINGS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO STREAMFLOW.
4. RAISE ABUTMENTS AND CULVERT FILLS A MINIMUM OF 1 FOOT ABOVE THE
ADJOINING APPROACH SECTIONS TO PREVENT EROSION FROM SURFACE
RUNOFF AND ALLOW FLOOD FLOWS TO PASS AROUND STRUCTURE.
5. FOR STREAM CROSSINGS WITH SLOPED APPROACH AREAS, CONSTRUCT
DIVERSIONS AT CROSSING/APPROACH AREA TRANSITIONS WITH 18" HIGH
EARTH BERM COVERED WITH FILTER FABRIC AND COARSE AGGREGATE
OR STABILIZED DITCH/SWALE TO DIVERT DIRECT RUNOFF AWAY FROM
STREAM CROSSING AND TO A STABILIZED OUTLET. DIVERSION MUST SPAN
WIDTH OF CROSSINGS ENTRANCES.
TEMPORARY STREAM CROSSING
C-474-1� SCALE:NTS
STREAM
FORMING FLOW
O�
V�JE JOSA Q�O
BRUSH MATTRESS
STABILIZED CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
NOTES:
1. ROOTED/LEAFED CONDITION OF THE LIVING PLANT MATERIAL IS NOT
REPRESENTATIVE AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION.
2. LAYERS SHALL BE COMPRISED OF LIVE QUICK -ROOTING SPECIES. SEE
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.
3. FILL MATTRESS WITH SOIL AND EVENLY DISTRIBUTE TO APPROXIMATELY
4" MIN. IN DEPTH AND HAND TAMP.
4. PLACE STAKES EVENLY OVER THE GRADED FACE USING 2'-0" SQUARE
SPACING. IF LIVE STAKES ARE SPECIFIED, ALTERNATE EVERY OTHER ONE
WITH A DEAD STOUT STAKE.
5. STRETCH 16 GAUGE GALVANIZED WIRE DIAGONALLY FROM ONE STAKE TO
ANOTHER BY TIGHTLY WRAPPING WIRE AROUND STAKES, NO CLOSER
THAN 6" FROM THE TOP OF STAKE. WIRE SHALL NOT BE ATTACHED TO
LIVE STAKES. POUND STAKES TO COMPRESS MATTRESS.
6. LIVE FASCINES AND LIVE STAKES ARE INSTALLED WHEN AND WHERE
DIRECTED ON THE PLAN SHEET.
' 1
J:I816222S21-ROJECT-BLUE-HASE 1 B\CAMCNILICA EROSION CONTROL DETAILS.-
EXISTING CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
12" THICK
WASHED STONE 2.5' MIN.
RIPRAP RECOMMENDED
Z 3H:1 V SIDE SLOPES
N MAX 2H:1V SIDE
SLOPES
STABILIZED CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
NOTES:
1. EMBED RIRAP TO ENSURE TOP IS LEVEL WITH EXISTING STREAM BED.
2. RIPAP SIZING TO MATCH OUTLET PROTECTION D50 AND DMAX SIZE PER
CULVERT CROSSING ENERGY DISSIPATION SUMMARY.
3. REFER TO NCDEQ STANDARD 6.73 FOR PARCTICE STANDARDS AND
SPECIFICATIONS.
2 STRUCTURAL STREAMBANK STABILIZATION - RIPRAP
C 474- SCALE:NTS
O O 2-INCH
OAK STAKES
0 O
EXISTING 13,
GROUND �0V MATTING STAKES PLAN VIEW COIR MATTING
RECOMMENDED
3H:1 V SIDE SLOPES
MAX 2H:1 V SIDE
SLOPES
STABILIZED CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
NOTES:
1. COCONUT COIR MATTING TO BE PLACED OVER TOP OF RIPRARIAN SEED
MIX INSTALLED PER DETAIL. MATTING SHALL BE SECURED WITH 2' x 2'
LANDSCAPING STAKES SPACED T O.C.
2. MATTING TO BE INSTALLED ABOVE HIGH WATER MARK.
3. STREAM BED TO BE RETURNED TO PREVIOUS CONDITIONS AND
ELEVATIONS WHERE APPLICABLE.
3� STRUCTURAL STREAMBANK STABILIZATION - RIPRAP
" SCALE:NTS
LIVE FASCINE
STABILIZED CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
NOTES:
1. ROOTED/LEAFED CONDITION OF THE LIVING PLANT MATERIAL IS NOT
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TIME OF INSTALLATION.
2. LIVE FASCINES SHALL BE PREPARED FROM FRESHLY CUT DORMANT
PLANTS AND INSTALLED WITHIN 8 HOURS OF THE TIME THE MATERIAL IS
HARVESTED, UNLESS PROPERLY STORED.
3. LIVE FASCINE SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM SOURCES APPROVED BY NCDEQ
AND CHATHAM COUNTY. LIVE FASCINE SHALL BE NON-INVASIVE TO THE
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
4. LIVE FASCINES SHALL BE 4" TO 8" IN DIAMETER WITH MINIMUM 8'-0"
LENGTH.
5. BEGINNING AT THE BASE OF THE SLOPE, A TRENCH SHALL BE DUG LARGE
ENOUGH TO CONTAIN THE LIVE FASCINES. THE LIVE FASCINES SHALL BE
PLACED IN THE TRENCH. WHERE ENDS MEET IN THE TRENCH, THE
FASCINES SHALL OVERLAP BY 1 S".
6. THE TRENCH SHALL BE BACKFILLED WITH MOIST SOIL AND HAND TAMPED.
THE TOP OF THE FASCINE SHALL BE SLIGHTLY EXPOSED WHEN THE
INSTALLATION IS COMPLETE AS SHOWN ON CROSS SECTION.
7. SEED OR OTHER EROSION CONTROL MATERIAL SHALL BE USED BETWEEN
THE FASCINE ROWS, AS SPECIFIED IN THE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.
8. LIVE FASCINE TRENCHES SHALL BE FROM T-0" TO 8'-0" APART,
ACCORDING TO SLOPE AND/OR CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.
4 VEGETATIVE STREAMBANK STABILIZATION
C-474- SCALE: NTS
2 3
LIVE POLES IN RIPRAP (JOINT PLANTING)
STABILIZED CHANNEL CROSS SECTION
NOTES:
1. LIVE POLES IN RIPRAP (JOINT PLANTING) OF THE LIVING PLANT
MATERIAL IS NOT REPRESENTATIVE AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION.
LIVE FASCINE BUNDLE DETAIL
4
SPECIAL SEDIMENT
FENCE OUTLET, TYP.
WATER BAR
PERIMETER
CONTROLS
(DOUBLE ROW
SILT FENCE)
INITIAL CLEARING AREA
L
PUN
SEDIMENT RAG OR EOUIVALE
GABION DAM
LIMITS OF
DISTURBANCE
GABION DAM
INSTALLATION SEQUENCE - STEP 1:
1. INSTALL PERIMETER EROSION CONTROL MEASURES (SILT FENCE, SILT FENCE OUTLETS, TREE
PROTECTION FENCE, WATER BAR, ETC.) ON FIRST SIDE OF STREAM ONLY.
2. CLEAR AND GRADE INITIAL SIDE OF WORK AREA WHILE MAINTAINING PERIMETER CONTROLS.
3. INSTALL DITCHES, DIVERSIONS, AND PUMP AROUND AS SHOWN. INSTALL GABION WALLS ON
EITHER SIDE OF WORK AREA.
4. EXCAVATE PIT PER CULVERT MANUFACTURER SPECIFICATIONS AS DETAILED IN THE PLAN SET.
OSTREAMBANK
PERIMETER CONTROLS LL V
(DOUBLE ROW SILT FENCE)
WATER BAR, -LOD- - -LOD- - - -LOD- -
� GABION DAM
EXCAVATION (OPEN CUT)
UNDERGROUND SEPTIC WATER BAR
PUMP LINE-
Oo
RIPRAP STABILIZATION
GABION DAM
- -LOD- - - -LOD- - - LOD- -
INSTALLATION SEQUENCE - STEP 2:
1. EXCAVATE SEPTIC TRENCH ACROSS STREAM AND INSTALL PUMP LINE.
2. BACKFILL STREAM BED TO PREVIOUS EXISTING STREAM BED ELEVATION. IF A PERMANENT
CROSSING IS REQUIRED, RIPRAP MAY BE PLACED WITHIN STREAM CHANNEL AT AN ELEVATION
EQUAL TO NATURAL STREAM BED ELEVATION. RIPRAP MUST BE EMBEDDED INTO THE STREAM
CHANNEL AT A MINIMUM OF THE RIPRAP STONE SIZE TO ENSURE NO "FILL" IS PLACED IN THE
STREAM CHANNEL.
3. STABILIZE THE STREAM BANKS ACCORDING TO THE STREAMBANK STABILIZATION DETAILS.
CULVERT
UNDERGROUND UTILITIES)
STREAMBANK
r - - - -LOD---
-�
LL v
STABILIZATION I
STABILIZATION
ROADWAY I I ROADWAY
STABILIZATION O O STABILIZATION
- -I -
RIPRAP STABILIZATION
UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
INSTALLATION SEQUENCE - STEP 3:
1. CONSTRUCT ROAD PER DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS.
2. ONCE CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETE, PLACE PERMANENT STABILIZATION SEED MIX ON EXPOSED
GROUND.
3. REMOVE IN -CHANNEL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES AND THEN REMOVE PERIMETER EROSION
CONTROL MEASURES.
4. CLOSE OUT CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOBILIZATION.
5 CULVERT STREAM CROSSING CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
C.-474- SCALE: NTS
5
6
%N%I)
WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTUREINC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL: [phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
IV/
V I N F A S T
V I N FAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
f REVISIONS l
NO. DATE BY APPROVED
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
RC
CHECKED BY:
ML
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
'SHEET TITLE:
EROSION
CONTROL DETAILS
SHEET 5 OF 8
SHEET NUMBER: REV. #
C-474-B 0
SHEET95 OF 112 SHEETS

0
2
3
4
5
6
CURB AND
GUTTER ASPHALT
REFER TO SITE PLAN PAVEMENT
EDGE OF TRAVEL
REFER TO SITE
PLAN NCDOT GUARDRAIL INSTALLED
3' FROM EDGE OF GUTTER70P
OF CURB
E
10'GRASS STREAM BUFFER
SHOULDER
MODIFIED NCDOT 838.80
FLARED WINGWALL
HEADWALL
` STREAM CHANNEL
CONCRETE PAD
INLET SCOUR PROTECTION
RIPRAP OUTLET GRASS
PROTECTION PER PLAN JEDIAPER PLAN
WIDTH
STREAM BUFFER_
CULVERT PER
SIDE SLOPES PLAN (SINGLE BARREL
NOT TO SHOWN, CONDITIONS
EXCEED 3:1 MAY DIFFER FROM PLAN
H:V SET)
PLAN VIEW
NOTES:
D
1. INSPECT TEMPORARY STREAM CROSSING(S) WEEKLY AND AFTER SIGNIFICANT RAIN EVENTS,
BLOCKAGE IN CHANNEL, EROSION FOR ABUTMENTS, CHANNEL SCOUR, RIPRAP DISPLACEMENT
AND PIPE CONDITION. REPAIR DEFICIENCIES IMMEDIATELY.
2. APPROACH AREAS MUST BE MAINTAINED WITH COARSE AGGREGATE TO PREVENT SEDIMENT
FORM ACCUMULATING AND ENTERING STREAM.
3. KEEP STREAM CROSSINGS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO STREAMFLOW.
4. RAISE ABUTMENTS AND CULVERT FILLS A MINIMUM OF 1 FOOT ABOVE THE ADJOINING APPROACH
SECTIONS TO PREVENT EROSION FROM SURFACE RUNOFF AND ALLOW FLOOD FLOWS TO PASS
AROUND STRUCTURE.
5. FOR STREAM CROSSINGS WITH SLOPED APPROACH AREAS, CONSTRUCT DIVERSIONS AT
CROSSING/APPROACH AREA TRANSITIONS WITH 18" HIGH EARTH BERM COVERED WITH FILTER
FABRIC AND COARSE AGGREGATE OR STABILIZED DITCH/SWALE TO DIVERT DIRECT RUNOFF AWAY
FROM STREAM CROSSING AND TO A STABILIZED OUTLET. DIVERSION MUST SPAN WIDTH OF
CROSSINGS ENTRANCES.
6. CULVERT CROSSING #1 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION SHALL BE VEGETATIVE WITH LIVE POLES IN
RIPRAP (JOINT PLANTING), BRUSH MATTRESS OR LIVE FASCINE.
7. CULVERT CROSSING #2 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION MAY BE STRUCTURAL OR VEGETATIVE.
8. CULVERTS TO BE EMBEDDED 12 INCHES FOR ALL CULVERTS WITH A DIAMETER GREATER THAN
48-INCHES AND 20 % OF THE CULVERT DIAMETER FOR CULVERTS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
48-INICHES.
1 PERMANENT CULVERT STREAM CROSSING #1 AND #2 PLAN VIEW
477-B SCALE: NTS
C
TOP OF PAVEMENT ELEV. 205+1-
--- ---- --
ASPHALT
PAVEMENT WITH
'0-YEAR
GRADED
PONDING
AGGREGATE
_ _
ELEV. 198.04 ----
--- ---
-- -
BASE
0
Q
DISTURBED
rn 0
SOIL COMPACTED
w
UNDISTURBED
PER GEOTECH
REQUIREMENTS
LL SOIL
838.80 NCDOT ENDWALL
CLASS II BEDDING
140 LF OF
PER NCDOT RIGID
48" RCP CLASS IV
PIPE INSTALLATION FOR
CULVERT
PIPE @ 0.50% SLOPE
UNSUITABLE
CROSSING #2
UPSTREAM INV: 193.70
MATERIAL FOUNDATION
ELEVATION VIEW
DOWNSTREAM INV: 193.00
TOP OF PAVEMENT
ELEV. 197.50+/-
ASPHALT
B
50-YEAR
PAVEMENT WITH
PONDING - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - -
GRADED
ELEV. 195.69
AGGREGATE
BASE
0
cc
mDISTURBED
UNDISTURD
BE
W
SOIL COMPACTED
SOIL
PER GEOTECH
REQUIREMENTS
838.40 NCDOT
CLASS II BEDDINGHEADWALL
PER NCDOT RIGID
00 LF OF DOUBLE BARREL
PIPE INSTALLATION
CULVERT
8'x8' RCP CULVERT BOX
FOR UNSUITABLE
CROSSING #1
@ 1.25% SLOPE BY OLDCASTLE
MATERIAL FOUNDATION
ELEVATION VIEW
UPSTREAM INV: 185.50
DOWNSTREAM INV: 184.25
NOTES:
1. FUTURE CULVERT CROSSINGS 3, 4, AND 5 NOT SHOWN AT THIS
TIME
A
PERMANENT CULVERT #1 AND #2 STREAM CROSSING ELEVATION VIEW
C-477- SCALE:NTS
T
_ H
o:
I
�AN'I
T
RISE
SPAN
WALL
THICKNESS
HAUNCH
WEIGHT
JOINT
(FEET)
(FEET)
T`
H
PER
LENGTH
(INCHES)
(INCHES)
FOOT(LBS)
(FEET)
8
8
8
8
3600
8
REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERT (OLDCASTLE)
(��
SCALE: NTS
Culvert Crossing #1 Energy Dissipation Summary
Parameter Value Units
Crossing Culvert Crossing #1
Culvert Culvert 1
Flow 10-Year 669.00 cis
Culvert Data
Culvert Width (including multiple barrels)
16.0
ft
Culvert Height
8.0
ft
Outlet Depth
4.40
ft
Outlet Velocity
9.50
ft/s
Froude Number
0.80
Tailwater Depth
3.90
i
Tailwater Velocity
10.16
fVS
Tailwater Slope (SO)
0.0125
External Dissipator Category
Streambed Level Structures
External Dissipator Type
Riprap Basin
Froude Number
<3
Condition to be used to Compute Basin Outlet Velocity Best Fit Curve
Note: Minimum HS/D50 = 2 is Obtained if D50 = 0.619 ft
D50 of the Riprap Mixture
0.500
ft
DMax of the Riprap Mixture
0.750
ft
Brink Depth
3.918
ft
Brink Velocity
10.671
ft/s
Depth (YE)
3.918
ft
Riprap Thickness
0.562
ft
Riprap Foreslope
0.7500
ft
Check HS/1350
Note:
OK if HS/D50 > 2.0
HS/D50
11.418
HS/D50 Check
HS/1350 is OK
Check D50/YE
Note:
OK if 0.1 < D50/YE < 0.7
Check D50/YE
0.064
D50/YE Check
D50/YE is OK
Basin Length (LB)
64.000
R
Basin Width
j
58.667
ft
Apron Length
16.000
R
Pool Length
48.000
ft
Pool Depth (HS)
2.855
ft
TW/YE
0.996
Tailwater Depth (TW)
3.902
ft
Average Velocity with TW
Critical Depth (Yc)
2.579
ft/s
1.564
ft
Avera a Velocity with Yc
r 6.921
R/s
D50 of the Riprap Mixture Provided
DMax of the Riprap Mixture Provided
Riprap Thickness Provided
Basin Length (LB) Provided
Basin Width Provided
Apron Length Provided
0.5000
0.7500
1.00
96.00
32.00
r 25.00
R
R
R
R
R
Culvert Crossing #2 Energy Dissipation Summary
Parameter Value Units
Crossing Culvert Crossing #2
Culvert Culvert 2
Flow 10-Year 35.00 cfs
Culvert Data
Culvert Width (including multiple barrels)
4.0
ft
Culvert Height
4.0
R
Outlet Depth
1.41
ft
Outlet Velocity
6.58
ft/s
Froude Number
1.00
Tailwater Depth
0.81
ft
Tailwater Velocity
1.51
ft/s
Tailwater Slope SO)
0.0050
External Dissipator Category
Streambed Level Structures
External Dissipator Type
Riprap Basin
Froude Number
<3
Condition to be used to Compute Basin Outlet Velocity Best Fit Curve
Note: Minimum HS/D50 - 2 is Obtained if D50 - 0.326 R
D50 of the Riprap Mixture
0.250
ft
DMax of the Riprap Mixture
0.375
ft
Brink Depth
1.415
ft
Brink Velocity
8.617
ft/s
Depth (YE)
1.425
i
Riprap Thickness
0.562
ft
Riprap Foreslope
0.7500
R
Check HS/D50
Note:
OK if HS/1350 > 2.0
1-15/1350
4.841
HS/D50 Check
HS/D50 is OK
Check D50/YE
Note:
OK if 0.1 < D50/YE < 0.7
Check D50/YE
0.175
D50/YE Check
D50/YE is OK
Basin Length (LB)
18.155
ft
Basin Width
16.104
ft
Apron Length
6.052
ft
Pool Length
12.104
R
Pool Depth (HS)
1.210
ft
TW/YE
0.570
Tailwater Depth (TW)
0.813
R
Average Velocity with TW
2.428
ft/s
Critical Depth (Yc)
r 0.516
ft
Average Velocity with Yc
3.956
ft/s
D50 of the Riprap Mixture Provided
DMax of the Riprap Mixture Provided
Riprap Thickness Provided
Basin Length (LB) Provided
Basin Width Provided
Apron Length Provided
0.250
0.375
0.667
17.00
27.00
9.00
R
ft
R
ft
R
NOTE: REFER TO SHEET C-473-B FOR RIPRAP OUTLET PROTECTION
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE NOTES.
PERMANENT CULVERT CROSSING OUTLET PROTECTION DETAIL
C-477-B SCALE: NTS
WSP USA ENVIRONMENT
&
INFRASTRUCTURE INC.
1075 BIG SHANTY ROAD, NW
SUITE 100
KENNESAW, GA 30144
TEL:[phone]
LICENSE: F-1253
CONCEPT NOT
RELEASED FOR
CONSTRUCTION
NOT VALID WITHOUT
SIGNATURE AND DATE
PROJECT:
PROJECT
BLUE
(CONFIDENTIAL)
PHASE 1 B
CHATHAM COUNTY, NC
�If
V I N F A S T
VINFAST
MANUFACTURING US,
LLC
CHATHAM COUNTY,
NORTH CAROLINA
WSP PROJECT No:
6162-22-0216
REVISIONS l
NO. DATE BY JAPPROVEDI
DESIGNED BY:
DS
DRAWN BY:
RC
CHECKED BY:
ML
APPROVED BY:
SK
DATE:
19 MAY 2023
'SHEET TITLE:
EROSION
CONTROL DETAILS
SHEET 8 OF 8
SHEET NUMBER: REV. #
C-477-B 0
SHEET98 OF 112 SHEETS
1 1
J:\6182220216-PROJECT-RLU-P-1-A-1VI 470 EROSION CONTROL OETAILS.OWG
2
3 1 4
5
6

N
Wry I
�` '1
Z •� ti
%
1 ti ti
-�% ''%%+
Impact Site 1 - Stream S1
Perpendicular Road Crossing
Permanent Stream Impacts = 0.04 ac. (241 LF)
rl
. . 'rdw
f '� r
or
1
-1Sa
_*Como -
49
r
Legend 16
SJurisdictional Streams
Permanent Stream Impacts =i Feet •.
0 30 60
Appendix G: Project Blue Permit Impact Drawings - Impact Site 1
Kimley>>> Horn Project Blue
Chatham County, NC
May 2023

1
ti —61 ti 4 r
A % —% L � a r i .% f
�}•ram ti•'
_ h ti
elf
Jr
Impact Site 2 - Stream S13
4 6 I Perpendicular Road Crossing
- �a Permanent Stream Impacts = 0.017 ac. (123 LF)
{y Permanent Wetland Impacts = 0.02 ac. r
tr r ti
el r
r r r
11 { �- f r r err
S13 J-
� � r L
J
r•r
_rJ l r
/1
''fir � -' • - � •�
• ti � � •x � �i L
11 r� L
r ti -ti •0,
Legend %_ L }� rL�.
1 Permanent Stream Impacts �-'- - r - - CU
Permanent Wetland Impacts „- . rlr ,, - _ ••Y— ,__ 1*s, �,. _ _
_ - .-- titi _
Jurisdictional Streams Ir••' ~- '—�—r_.'~%
L '•Y1. a_ .
Jurisdictional Wetlands �..... Feet
_ .. Y•._ ._ ._ 0 30 60
...... } -
x ti ti
Appendix G: Project Blue Permit Impact Drawings - Impact Site 2
Kimley>>> Horn Project Blue
Chatham County, NC
May 2023

� I �� � �� l 1 • � � 1 � � 4 c� � � � � 1 t 1 1 t I
PROPOSED RIPRAP I I
--\ 313 OUTLET PROTECTION
HEADWALL NVERT 185 50-
( W SSES S SS
I J 10 + f
�~ �
2DOLFRCP OFfiW
CULVERT BOXAT
l
1.25°% SLOPE
1
R
f \ r \ +
>
—H WALL INVERT188-OQ' } }
�.
INLET 1
P CTIDN
S
Impact Site 3 - Stream S3
j
Perpendicular Road Crossing
Permanent No -Net -Loss Stream Impacts = 0.013
ac. (97 LF)
j
Permanent Stream Impacts - 0.03 ac.
(221 LF)
!
Legend
r
I 1 I 1
Permanent No -Net -Loss Stream Impacts
Permanent Stream Impacts
Jurisdictional Streams Feet
0 50 100
Appendix G: Project Blue Permit Impact Drawings - Impact Site 3
Kimley>>> Horn Project Blue
Chatham County, NC
May 2023

Wo N
A
PROPOSED R
OUTLET PRO
~21-110' Impact Site 4 -Wetland 112
%
Perpendicular Road Crossing
-.%,, 20-00
Permanent Wetland Impacts = 0.013 ac.
ti '�
0-- - - jamm—, lrz_-- - -1
r
I I
Legend j
y
�-^— Jurisdictional Streams
Permanent Wetland Impacts
Jurisdictional Wetlands Feet
0 15 30
Appendix G: Project Blue Permit Impact Drawings - Impact Site 4
Kimley>>> Horn Project Blue
Chatham County, NC
May 2023

'i -180
_001
-IASE 3
I'�,I # 5
1 7
mgac i e - ream
Perpendicular Road Crossing
Permanent No -Net -Loss Stream Impacts = 0.002 ac. (23 LF)
Permanent Stream Impacts = 0.006 ac. (92 LF)
PROPOSED RIPRAP
OUTLET PROTECTION
80 LF RCP
CULVERT
SLOPE
HEADWALL INS
Legend
Permanent No -Net -Loss Stream Impacts
Permanent Stream Impacts
r�
' Jurisdictional Streams Feet
0 20 40
Appendix G: Project Blue Permit Impact Drawings - Impact Site 5
Kimley>>> Horn Project Blue
Chatham County, NC
May 2023

Project Blue
Archaeological Survey Report

A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY
FOR PROPOSED PROJECT BLUE,
CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY
TERRAXPLORATIONS, INC.
PREPARED FOR
TerraXplorations, Inc.
58025 LaBauve Ave, A . `T r� O r� Vi1277 Manufacturing rl LLC
rd
Plaquemine, LA �70�764 MAY G G 12��� W Jefferson , CA g v 66
www.terraxplorations.com Playa Vista, CA 90066

(This page intentionally left blank)

A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY FOR PROPOSED
PROJECT BLUE, CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BY
APRIL K. SMITH AND SHARLENE O'DONNELL
PREPARED BY
TERRAXPLORATIONS, INC.
58025 LABAUVE AVE,
PLAQUEMINE, LA 70764
PREPARED FOR
VINFAST MANUFACTURING US, LLC
12777 W JEFFERSON BOULEVARD
PLAYA VISTA, CA 90066
LEAD FEDERAL AGENCY
UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
RALEIGH DISTRICT
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS
PAUL D. JACKSON
STEVE FILOROMO
TERRAX REPORT No. 2022.148
MAY 2023

(This page intentionally left blank)

&LERRAXPLORATIONS - I
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Between February 6 and February 24, 2023, TerraXplorations, Inc. (TerraX), of Plaquemine, Louisiana,
conducted a Phase I cultural resources survey for a new vehicle factory associated with Project Blue in
Chatham County, North Carolina. The proposed multiphase project would involve the construction of
manufacturing shops, the construction of a roadway connection to the US-1/Old US-1 interchange, the
construction of a Gigafactory to produce EV battery cells for vehicles, and the expansion of the interior
roadway network to provide a new roadway connection to the US-1 and Pea Ridge Road interchange. The
cultural resources survey was conducted on behalf of VinFast Manufacturing US, LLC. The Phase I survey
was performed by Chris Rivers, Cory Rice, Kevin Rolph, and Kevin Rowland under the direction of Paul
D. Jackson and Steven Filoromo, Principal Investigators.
The project area was divided into three phases; the Phase 1B project area includes 15.8 acres (ac) along R
Family Road and Moncure Flatwood Road, as well as areas of dense forest between the two roads and north
of R Family Road, the Phase 2 project area includes 72.4 ac of dense forest just southwest of the Phase I
project area, and the Phase 3 project area includes 160.6 ac of dense forest, approximately 730 meters (m)
southwest of the Phase 2 project area. The goal of the survey was to assess the National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP) eligibility of cultural resources within the project areas as well as the potential impact of the
proposed project on these resources.
The survey methodology included visual inspection, pedestrian survey, and systematic shovel testing at 30-m
intervals along transects spaced 30-m apart. Sites were delineated by placing additional shovel tests at 10-m
intervals along existing transects until three negative shovel tests were encountered in all directions. A total
of 1,368 standard interval shovel tests were placed within the project areas. Of the 1,368 shovel tests, 1,347
were negative for cultural material or archaeological features, six were positive for precontact or historic
cultural material, and 15 were unable to be dug due to paved/gravel areas, standing water, or slope. An
estimated 99 percent of the survey area was covered using this methodology.
The investigation led to the identification of eight newly recorded archaeological sites (31 CH 1355-31 CH 1362),
representing eight unknown precontact components, one unknown historic component, and one nineteenth
to twentieth-century component. Sites 31CH1355 and 31CH1357-31CH1362 are recommended ineligible
for listing on the NRHP under Criterion D. As such, there would be no effect on these resources from the
proposed construction of the vehicle factory. Site 31 CH 1356's NRHP eligibility is listed as unknown because
the site could not be fully delineated during the current survey. TerraX recommends that any portion of site
3ICH1356 extending outside the project area be designated an environmentally sensitive area and avoided
by ground -disturbing activities associated with project construction through the placement of orange barrier
fencing.

(This page intentionally left blank)

&LERRAXPLoP-ATIONS - ❑i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ManagementSummary.................................................................................................................................. i
Tableof Contents.........................................................................................................................................
iii
Listof Figures..............................................................................................................................................
iii
Listof Tables................................................................................................................................................
vi
I. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................
1
II. Context.....................................................................................................................................................
5
EnvironmentalSetting...........................................................................................................................
5
Previous Archaeological Investigations and Background......................................................................
5
ContextualOverview...........................................................................................................................
19
Paleoindian Period (ca. 9,500-7,900 B.C.).....................................................................................
19
Archaic Period (ca. 8,000-1,000 B.C.)............................................................................................24
Woodland Period (ca. 1,000 B.C.—A.D. 1600)................................................................................25
European Contact Through Statehood (1524— Present)...................................................................28
III. Methodology..........................................................................................................................................33
FieldMethods.....................................................................................................................................
33
Laboratory Methods and Collection Curation....................................................................................
33
EvaluationCriteria..............................................................................................................................
34
IV. Archaeological Survey Results and Analysis........................................................................................
37
ResourceDescriptions........................................................................................................................
37
31CH1355.....................................................................................................................................
37
31CH1356.....................................................................................................................................
60
31CH1357.....................................................................................................................................
65
31CH1358.....................................................................................................................................
65
31CH1359.....................................................................................................................................
65
31 CH 1360.....................................................................................................................................
75
31CH1361.....................................................................................................................................
75
31 CH 1362.....................................................................................................................................
87
V. Significance and Evaluations..................................................................................................................
93
References...................................................................................................................................................
95
Appendix A: Curation Agreement............................................................................................................
A-1
Appendix B: Artifact Inventory................................................................................................................
B-1
Appendix C: Curriculum Vitae of Principal Investigators........................................................................
D-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1. Aerial image showing the survey areas.....................................................................................2
Figure 1.2. Topographic map showing the survey areas...............................................................................3
Figure 2.1. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase I project area........................................6
Figure 2.2. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase 2 project area...........................................7
Figure 2.3. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase 3 project area...........................................8
Figure 2.4. Topographic map showing previously recorded archaeological sites, previous cultural resources
surveys, previously recorded historic resources, DOE historic resources, a NCDOT cemetery, and a
cemetery within a 1-mi search radius of the project areas...........................................................................10
Figure 2.5. Topographic map showing a close up of the eastern portion of the project area with previously
recorded archaeological sites, previous cultural resources surveys, and a NCDOT cemetery within a 1-mi

iv - Table of Contents
search radius of the project areas................................................................................................................11
Figure 2.6. Topographic map showing a close-up of the northern portion of the project area with previously
recorded archaeological sites, previous cultural resources surveys, previously recorded historic resources,
DOE historic resources, and a cemetery within a 1-mi search radius of the project areas .........................12
Figure 2.7. 1953 (1965 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250,000 topographic quadrangle showing the
projectareas.................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 2.8. 1953 (1971 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250,000 topographic quadrangle showing the
projectareas................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 2.9. 1954 (1954 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250,000 topographic quadrangle showing the
projectareas................................................................................................................................................22
Figure 4.1. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................38
Figure 4.2. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................39
Figure 4.3. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................40
Figure 4.4. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................41
Figure 4.5. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................42
Figure 4.6. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................43
Figure 4.7. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................44
Figure 4.8. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................45
Figure 4.9. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.....................................46
Figure 4.10. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas...................................47
Figure 4.11. Photograph of shovel test 30-2...............................................................................................48
Figure 4.12. Photograph of shovel test 27-1...............................................................................................48
Figure 4.13. Environmental view along transect 10, facing south..............................................................49
Figure 4.14. Environmental view of north section of transect 7, facing east.............................................49
Figure 4.15. Environmental view of planted pine, facing north.................................................................50
Figure 4.16. Environmental view from shovel test 2-1, facing southeast...................................................50
Figure 4.17. Environmental view south of shovel test 4-1, facing southwest............................................51
Figure 4.18. Environmental view from STP 10-1, facing west..................................................................51
Figure 4.19. Environmental view of the power corridor, facing southwest................................................52
Figure 4.20. Environmental view between STP 27-7 and 27-8, facing east...............................................52
Figure 4.21. Map showing the new sites identified during the current investigation................................54
Figure 4.22. Map showing the new sites identified during the current investigation................................55
Figure 4.23. Environmental view of site 31CH1355 from STP 37-5, facing east......................................56
Figure 4.24. Environmental view of site 31CH1355 from STP 37-5, facing south....................................56
Figure 4.25. Topographic map of site 31CH1355......................................................................................57
Figure 4.26. Site detail map for site 31CH1355........................................................................................58
Figure 4.27. Photograph of delineation shovel test 8 at site 31CH1355.....................................................59
Figure 4.28. Photograph of (a) a 1/2" silicified 1 breccia/greenstone whole flake, (b) a 1" silicified breccia/
greenstone whole flake, and (c) a 1/2" silicified breccia/greenstone proximal flake recovered from site
31CH1355...................................................................................................................................................59
Figure 4.29. Photograph of an unglazed porcelain tableware fragments recovered from site 31CH1355.60
Figure 4.30. Environmental view of site 31CH1356 from STP 9-1, facing south.....................................61
Figure 4.31. Environmental view of site 31CH1356 from STP 9-1, facing west......................................61
Figure 4.32. Topographic map of site 31CH1356......................................................................................62
Figure 4.33. Site detail map for site 31CH1356........................................................................................63
Figure 4.34. Photograph of delineation shovel test 4 at site 31CH1356.....................................................64
Figure 4.35. Photograph of a fire -affected, 1" silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake recovered from site
31CH1356...................................................................................................................................................64

&LERRAXPLORATIONS - V
Figure 4.36.
Environmental view of site 31CH1357 from STP 30-19, facing south.................................66
Figure 4.37.
Environmental view of site 31CH1357 from STP 30-19, facing north.................................66
Figure 4.38.
Topographic map of site 31CH1357.......................................................................................67
Figure 4.39.
Site detail map for site 31CH1357........................................................................................68
Figure 4.40.
Photograph of delineation shovel test 2 at site 31CH1357.....................................................69
Figure 4.41.
Photograph of (a) a 1/4" quartz angular shatter, (b) a 1/4" quartzite angular shatter, and (c)
a
1/2" quartzite angular shatter recovered from site 31CH1357...................................................................69
Figure 4.42.
Environmental view of site 31CH1358 from STP 30-9, facing south...................................70
Figure 4.43.
Environmental view of site 31CH1358 from STP 30-9, facing west....................................70
Figure 4.44.
Topographic map of site 31CH1359.......................................................................................71
Figure 4.45.
Site detail map for site 31CH1358........................................................................................72
Figure 4.46.
Photograph of delineation shovel test 8 at site 31CH1358.....................................................73
Figure 4.47.
Photograph of a 1" granite groundstone tool recovered from site 31CH1358 ......................73
Figure 4.48.
Environmental view from datum at site 31CH1359, facing east...........................................74
Figure 4.49.
Environmental view from datum at site 31CH1359, facing west.........................................74
Figure 4.50.
Topographic map of site 31CH1359.......................................................................................76
Figure 4.51.
Site detail map for site 31CH1359........................................................................................77
Figure 4.52.
Photograph of datum shovel test at site 31CH1359...............................................................78
Figure 4.53.
Photograph of a 1" quartzite hammerstone tool recovered from site 31CH1359..................78
Figure 4.54.
Environmental view of site 31CH1360 from STP 8-17, facing east......................................79
Figure 4.55.
Environmental view of site 31CH1360 from STP 8-17, facing west....................................79
Figure 4.56.
Topographic map of site 31CH1360.......................................................................................80
Figure 4.57.
Site detail map for site 31CH1360........................................................................................81
Figure 4.58.
Photograph of delineation shovel test 6 at site 31CHI 360.....................................................82
Figure 4.59.
Photograph of (a) a 1/2" silicified 1 breccia/greenstone proximal flake and (b) a 1/2" quartz
whole flake recovered from site 31CH1360..............................................................................................82
Figure 4.60.
Environmental view of site 31CH1361 from STP 36-24, facing south..................................83
Figure 4.61.
Environmental view of site 31CH1361 from STP 36-24, facing east....................................83
Figure 4.62.
Topographic map of site 31CH1361.......................................................................................84
Figure 4.63.
Site detail map for site 31CH1361........................................................................................85
Figure 4.64.
Photograph of delineation shovel test 6 at site 31CHI 361.....................................................86
Figure 4.65.
Photograph of a 1" tuff unimarginal flake tool recovered from site 31CH1361. ..................86
Figure 4.66.
Environmental view of site 31CH1362 from STP 16-14, facing north..................................88
Figure 4.67.
Environmental view of site 31CH1362 from STP 16-14, facing south..................................88
Figure 4.68.
Topographic map of site 31CH1362.......................................................................................89
Figure 4.69.
Site detail map for site 31CH1362........................................................................................90
Figure 4.70.
Photograph of delineation shovel test 5 at site 31CHI 362....................................................91
Figure 4.71.
Photograph of a quartzite hammerstone recovered from site 31CH1362 .............................91
Figure 4.72.
Photograph of (a) an undecorated ironstone tableware fragment, (b) an undecorated whiteware
tableware fragment,
(c) an aqua glass container body fragment with mold seams, and (d) a solarized amethyst
glass container
body fragment recovered from site 31CH1362...................................................................92

vi - Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Soil Types within the Project Areas..............................................................................................9
Table 2.2. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites Within a 1-mile Radius of the Project Area . .......... 13
Table 2.3. Previously Conducted Cultural Resource Surveys Within a 1-mile Radius of the Project Area. 16
Table 2.4. Reports for Previous Cultural Resource Surveys Within a 1-mile Radius of the Project Area..17
Table 2.5. Previously Recorded DOE Historic Properties Within a 1-mile Radius of the Project Area. .... 18
Table 2.6. Previously Recorded Historic Properties Within a 1-mile Radius of the Project Area..............19
Table 4.1. Newly Identified Sites within the Project Areas.......................................................................53

A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY FOR PROPOSED
PROJECT BLUE, CHATHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
I. INTRODUCTION
TerraXplorations, Inc. (TerraX) of Plaquemine, Louisiana, under contract with VinFast Manufacturing US,
LLC (VinFast), performed a Phase I cultural resources survey for a new vehicle factory associated with
Project Blue in Chatham County, North Carolina in compliance with federal and state regulations. The Phase
I survey was performed from February 6 and February 24, 2023, by Chris Rivers, Cory Rice, Kevin Rolph,
and Kevin Rowland under the direction of Paul D. Jackson and Steven Filoromo, Principal Investigators.
The primary purpose of the survey was to locate and evaluate the eligibility of any archaeological resources
(artifacts or features >50 years old) within the survey area for nomination to the National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP).
VinFast is proposing the construction of a manufacturing complex within the approximately 1,300-acre (ac)
Project Blue Site, which will be constructed over the next 2-5 years. The proposed project involves multiple
phases of construction that would involve the construction of manufacturing shops (a press shop, a body
shop, a paint shop, a general assembly shop, and a final car lot), the construction of a roadway connection
to the US-1/Old US-1 interchange to improve connectivity between the site and roadways, the construction
of a Gigafactory to produce EV battery cells for vehicles, and the expansion of the interior roadway network
to provide a new roadway connection to the US-1 and Pea Ridge Road interchange. The cultural resources
survey was conducted on behalf of VinFast to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act of 1966 (NHPA).
The survey area is located east of Moncure, North Carolina, west of the Shearon Harris Reservoir, and south
of Old US 1 Highway (Figure 1.1). The Area of Potential Effect (APE), referred to as the "survey area" for
this study, encompasses approximately 248.8 ac (100.7 hectares [ha]). The APE can be found on the 1993
(1999 edition [ed.]) New Hill, North Carolina, the 1993 (1999 ed.) Merry Oaks, North Carolina, the 1993
(1999 ed.) Cokesbury, North Carolina, and the 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, North Carolina USGS 7.5' series
topographic quadrangles (Figure 1.2). The project area was divided into three phases; the Phase I project
area includes 15.8 ac along R Family Road and Moncure Flatwood Road, as well as areas of dense forest
between the two roads and north of R Family Road, the Phase 2 project area includes 72.4 ac of dense forest
just southwest of the Phase 1B project area, and the Phase 3 project area includes 160.6 ac of dense forest
approximately 730 meters (m) southwest of the Phase 2 project area.

aTERRAXPLORATIONS - 3
�4 �1
I .
X4 f �J
O
1 n•.•I tl i i i, �f C' I
1
�-.. _ -
�` ' •� n: l Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) New Hill, NC (Top Right),
i . 1993 (1999 ed.) Merry Oaks, NC (Top Left),
` 1993 (1999 ed.) Cokesbury, NC (Bottom Right),
1f)T- & 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC (Botttom Left),
-� USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangles
hatham Co.
Q Phase 1 B Project Area Kilometers
Q Phase 2 Project Area 0 1 2
0 Phase 3 Project Area I I I I I
0 0.5 1
Miles
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX
Figure 1.2. Topographic map showing the survey areas.

(This page intentionally left blank)

II. CONTEXT
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The project area is situated in central North Carolina, within the Piedmont Physiographic Ecoregion. The
Piedmont consists of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks. The Piedmont ecoregion
is a transitional area between the Appalachian mountains to the west and the coastal plain to the east. This
ecoregion is generally characterized by irregular plains and hills. Natural vegetation in this region consists
mainly of oak -hickory -pine and hardwood woodlands (Griffith et al. 2002).
The Piedmont is further divided into districts, with the project area falling within the Triassic Basins of
the Carolinas. The Triassic Basins vary in elevation from 190 to 1000 feet above sea level and contain
dissected, irregular plains and some low, rounded hills. The Triassic Basins are generally less hilly than the
surrounding areas due to the presence of easily eroded rocks and stream valleys. The Triassic Basins consist
of unmetamorphosed shales, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates, and mudstones. The soils in this region
are composed of dense clay with low permeability, which can be problematic for construction. Mixed and
deciduous forest, pasture, cropland, and urban land cover are found throughout the region. Vegetation in the
region is characterized by mixed oak forest and oak -hickory -pine forest that are composed mainly of white
oak, southern red oak, black oak, and mockernut and pignut hickories (Griffith et al. 2002).
The project area is located within a rural setting and lies on a plain 2.5 kilometers (km) west of Harris Lake.
The topography within the current survey is generally flat. Vegetation in the survey area is primarily composed
of planted pine, oak, and hardwoods with an understory of briars. A transmission line corridor containing
tall grasses and low brush bisects the survey area. Dirt access roads line the margins of the silvicultural
plot, with various additional access roads —some overgrown and abandoned and some still in use —wind
throughout the properties. In addition to silviculture, the land is currently utilized for hunting, and a number
of hunting blinds are visible along the access roads. Elevations in the study area range between 172 ft and
253 ft AMSL. Notable disturbances within the project area include several existing dirt roads, an existing
transmission line corridor that runs northeast -southwest through the project area, silviculture activities
(logging and cultivation), and hunting activities.
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Web Soil Survey (Soil Survey Staff
2023), the project area is composed of 10 soil types (Figures 2.1-2.3; Table 2.1). White Store-Polkton
complex, 10 to 15 percent slopes, is the most commonly encountered soil type and occupies 38.7% of the
total project area. White Store-Polkton Complex, 6 to 10 percent slopes, is the next most common soil type,
and comprises 31.3% of the total project area. White Store-Polkton complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, and
Carbonton-Brickhaven complex, 6 to 10 percent slopes, are the third and fourth most common soil types,
representing 11.3% and 11.0% of the project area, respectively. The remaining six soil types represent less
than 6% of the soil types found within the project area. The majority of the soils in the area appear to be
moderately well drained, and located on interfluves, stream terraces, or hillslopes.
PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND BACKGROUND
Prior to the survey, a literature and document search was conducted in order to gather pertinent background
information regarding the subject property and its surroundings. The records search was conducted at the
North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA) Raleigh office in order to gather information on the local
cultural context via previously recorded sites and investigations in the general project vicinity. Background
information regarding recorded historic resources was conducted at the Historic Preservation Office Survey
File Room in Raleigh and gathered through the online database (HPOWEB). The Nationwide Environmental

6 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Soil Map —Chatham County, North Carolina
3
(Phase_1 B_Project_Area)
A
9b�
F
�
679700 679900 6BD100
35° 399"N
68Z'.00 6BD500 68]7O 680900
681100 68100
35° 369"N
III
WhB
N
RA
.
KA
rB
IF—
lik VVI
CcB
\W&
$8
GrB
WhB
CO
\)Wh ,
PeB
`
E WHB
KS
8 AM.p t UDG WE511d
0 U00.I .
35° 36' 53" N
8
35° 36' 5Y N
679700 67ZI M 68MOD
6?M 6B6r00 6W700 6B6O0
651100 6513J0
3
- Map Sole: 1:11,400 if printed on A
porhait (8.5" x 11") sheet
N 0 150 300
Meters
OO 900
Feet
0 5O 1000
A
ZOO 3O0
Map projection: Web Wrcabor Corner
coordinates: WOS84 Edge tics: UlM Zone 17N WGSM
USDA Natural Resources
Web Soil Survey
Conservation Service
National Cooperative Soil Survey
Figure 2.1. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase IB project area.

6 TERRAXPLORATIONS - 7
3 Soil Map —Chatham County, North Carolina 3
- (Phase_2_Project_Area)
6/9211 67M 679400 679500 679670 6797W 679900 679900 680000 moo 69MOO Ee0370 690400 6BM Sam 6BM
35° 3T 39" N 3T 37' 39" N
WhB
8
8
8
11
D 8
WhQ
PeB
PeB
35° 3T 1" N 35° 3T 1" N
679300 6'79100 6]9500 679610 6MOO 6aaa)D 6aMD 6a]OOO 6a0W 6BJ/OO
3 3
Map Sole: 1:7,240 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. a
N Mears
0 100 200 400 670
Feet
O Ri3`0 700 1400 2100
Map pmjeon:Wab Mercator Comeroaardinates:WGS84 Edge tics: llrM Zone 17N WG584
t srn Natural Resources Web Soil Survey
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey
Figure 2.2. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase 2 project area.

8 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
a Soil Map —Chatham County, North Carolina 3
- (Phase _3_Project _Area)
6P" U1 678 U84X 6786DO 6788W 67= 679d70 679100 67WW 6799M 687000 697a70
35° 3712" N 36° 3T 12' N
PeB
ChA Y
Rp¢ \ D
WDO
p¢j
k5
y3
ry
p
35°3617'N 35°36'1TN
677800 67M 6782W 6784W 67MM 678800 679000 679" 679CO 679M 679M 68M 68=
3 3
- Map Sole: 1: 11,900 ifpinted on A landsape(11"x83Ddee.
IN Me es
A 0 150 300 600 900
Feet
0 500 1000 2000 3000
Map projection: Web Mercator Carom coordinates: WGS84 Edge Um UIM Zone 17N WGS84
usDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey
Figure 2.3. Aerial map showing the soil types within the Phase 3 project area.

fTERRAXPLOFUTIONS - 9
Tablemr i
,.
Unit
Soil Type/Description
.g
..
Petueut
Symbol
Carbonton-Brickhaven
Moderately well
CcB
complex, 2 to 6 percent
drained
Interfluves
0.3
0.1
slopes
Carbonton-Brickhaven
Moderately well
Hillslopes on
CcC
complex, 6 to 10 percent
drained
ridges
27.5
11.0
slopes
Chewacla and Wehadkee
Somewhat
ChA
soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes,
poorly drained
Flood plains
3.5
1.4
frequently flooded
Creedmoor-Green Level
Moderately well
CrB
complex, 2 to 6 percent
drained
Interfluves
5.4
2.2
slopes
Creedmoor-Green Level
Moderately well
Hillslopes on
CrC
complex, 6 to 10 percent
drained
ridges
3.9
1.6
slopes
PeA
Peawick fine sandy loam, 0 to
Moderately well
Stream
0.9
0.4
2 percent slopes
drained
terraces
PeB
Peawick fine sandy loam, 2 to
Moderately well
Stream
4.9
2.0
8 percent slopes
drained
terraces
WhB
White Store-Polkton complex,
Moderately well
Interfluves
28.2
11.3
2 to 6 percent slopes
drained
WhC
White Store-Polkton complex,
Moderately well
Hillslopes on
78.0
31.3
6 to 10 percent slopes
drained
ridges
WhD
White Store-Polkton complex,
Moderately well
Hillslopes on
96.5
38.7
10 to 15 percent slopes
drained
ridges
Title Research (NETR) database (NETR 2023), the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (National
Parks Service [NPS] 2023), and various historic maps and aerial images were also consulted.
This research identified 66 previously identified archaeological sites, six previously conducted cultural
resource surveys, ten historic resources, four Department of Energy (DOE) historic resources, one North
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) cemetery, and one cemetery within a 1-mile (mi) radius
of the project area (Figure 2.4-2.6; Tables 2.2-2.6). Of the previously identified archaeological sites, none
intersect with the proposed project area. Sites 31CH1142, 31CH1144, 31CH1149, 31CH1150, 31CH1153,
and 31CH1158, and 31CH1162 do not have site forms as they are apart of the NCDOT project area 22-05-
0002/ER 22-1465. The site form for 31WA1109 is not available in the OSA system. No other information
is known about these sites.

10 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
see Figure 2.6
x
ER 90=7844 X_
• • O ER 90-7843
• ^ , (7
see Figure 2.5
G-_ o
of
31CH1153
ER 99-7480
oe
O
31CH1162
N 31 CH 1 41 9 ER 22-1869
0 31CH712,
31CH1150
J
31CH713
I I
31CH993
I
31CH991 0 31CH858'
31CH994 31CH992 '
1 -
ER 15-0540
K.
31CH857�
Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) New Hill, NC (Top Right),
1993 (1999 ed.) Merry Oaks, NC (Top Left),
1993 (1999 ed.) Cokesbury, NC (Bottom Right),
Y & 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC (Botttom Left),
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangles
• Previously Recorded Archaeological Site Chat am o.
Previously Recorded Archaeological Site
O Previously Recorded Historic Resource
0 Previous Cultural Resource Survey Kilometers
DOE Historic Resource 0 1 2
Q 1-mi Search Radius
. NCDOT Cemetery
Cemetery 0 0.5 1
Q Matchline Miles
Q Phase 1B Project Area
Q Phase 2 Project Area
Phase 3 Project Area Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX
Figure 2.4. Topographic map showingpreviously recorded archaeological sites, previous cultural resources surveys,
previously recorded historic resources, DOE historic resources, a NCDOT cemetery, and a cemetery within a I-mi
search radius of the project areas.

I- - / 140,- \ _ Douglass Family,
1
31 CH698
•� K
31
31CH699 31CH7`0
�31CH7.01J
aTERRAXPLORATtONS - 11
i
31 WA1127
10741,11
129. v
1CH7,15y T ' \ 31WA11041
'' 31,WA1105 •
MW
31CH702
31CH7171 J--31WA1103 I —]
�• -\31N H709
31 WA1102 31 WAA1121
\ /
31 CH701 �
31CH711', 31WA1101 ell
ER 22-1869 31 WA1124 31 WA1108 0 ;
31WA00
l�I 31 WA1128 •
`= . 31 WA1099
` I 31WA11 098 • 31
31 WA1125 -
1031 WA1097 3
WA1081
11
31
I
1�2 31 WA1096 1 31 WA1082
/ I
fry 31WA1123 •
31 WA1122• • •'
t
r
WA1109 /1
41126
.V
•�'/ V
31 WA1095
31 WA1083 ^
31WAr1080 .
Previously Recorded Archaeological Site
• Previously Recorded Archaeological Site
0 Previous Cultural Resource Survey
Q 1-mi Search Radius Kilometers
0 0.25 0.5
NCDOT Cemetery
0 Matchline
Q Phase 1 B Project Area 0 0.125 0.25
Q Phase 2 Project Area Mlles Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) New Hill, NC (Top Right),
1993 (7999 ad.) Merry Oaks, NC (Top Left),
Q Phase 3 Project Area 19930 ad.) Cokesbury, NC (Bottom Right),
& 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC (Botttom Left),
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangles
Figure 2.5. Topographic map showing a close up of the eastern portion of theproject area with previously recorded
archaeological sites, previous cultural resources surveys, and a NCDOT cemetery within a 1-mi search radius of the
project areas.

12 - Phase l Archaeological Survey
` 191/Merry.0aks'Historic,Di'Ii.�
./ •
-MAW
31CH1166•
31CH1155 _
'•� •
0 31CH1956- � - • - �� • -
f ! y '
.0 I
Merry -Oaks Cemete y 3�1CH1142 '
ER 90-7844 e : O • �� Nil
o w
• 31CH694 O I
1 31CH691 • % CH0529/Edwards P
31CH6920 • CH0530/Yates Store
31CH1144
i
N �
• "ER 90-7843
•• v 31CH1158•
,.0866/Jac k Womble's {illing Station
(Jones Grol erie« s' nd Me` � re)
wo
Previously Recorded Archaeological Site - --
• Previously Recorded Archaeological Site
O Previously Recorded Historic Resource
Previous Cultural Resource Survey Kilometers I /
0 DOE Historic Resource 0 0.25 0.5 /
Q 1-mi Search Radius
Cemetery
0 Matchline 0 0.125 0.25
Miles Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) New Hill, NC (Top Right),
0 Phase 1 B Project Area 1993 (1999 ed.) Merry Oaks, NC (Top Left),
0 Phase 2 Project Area 1993 (1999 ed.) Cokesbury, NC (Bottom Right),
& 1993 (1999 ad.) Moncure, NC (Botttom Left),
0 Phase 3 Project Area Source: 2023ESRllmagery TERRAX uscS7.5'SeriesTopographic Quadrangles
Figure 2.6. Topographic map showing a close-up of the northern portion of the project area with previously recorded
archaeological sites, previous cultural resources surveys, previously recorded historic resources, DOE historic
resources, and a cemetery within a I-mi search radius of the project areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 13
PreviouslyTable 2.2. • i
Radius Project
NumbellSite
16 Type/Description/Cultural •
Associated
I' Status
Recorder and
Report
Date
31CH691 Unknown precontact lithic scatter
None
Ineligible
Unknown 1990
31CH692
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
None
Ineligible
Unknown 1990
31CH694
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
None
Ineligible
Unknown 1990
Unknown precontact lithic deposit and
31CH697
nineteenth to twentieth-century settlement
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
and subsistence site with associated nail and
ceramic scatter
31CH698
Historic nineteenth to twentieth-century
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
house site
31CH699
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31CH700
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31CH701
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
31CH702
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
31CH703
Unknown precontact fire -cracked rock and
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
lithic deposit
31 CH704
Late Archaic short-term habitation site with
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
associated lithic scatter
31CH705
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31CH706
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31CH707
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
Woodland and Mississippian period
31CH708
settlement and subsistence site with
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
associated artifact assemblage
31 CH709
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
Early to late Archaic short-term habitation
31CH710
site with fire -cracked rock and associated
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
lithic deposit
31 CH711
Unknown precontact lithic and ceramic
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
scatter
31CH712
Unknown precontact lithic and ceramic
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
scatter

14 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Table 2.2 (cont.). Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites
Within a 1-mile Radius of the
Project Area.
1ssociated
te •Type/Description/Cultural :I'
Status
Recorder and
I' ••
Date
31CH713
Late Archaic lithic scatter
03151
Unknown
Unknown 1991
31CH715
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31 CH716
Early Archaic lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
31CH717
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible
Unknown 1991
Late Archaic lithic deposit and historic
31CH858
nineteenth to twentieth-century ceramic and
06177
Ineligible
ESI 2007
brick scatter
31CH991
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
07311
Ineligible
Kenline 2014
31CH992
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
07311
Ineligible
Kenline 2014
31CH993
Early Archaic lithic deposit
07311
Ineligible
Kenline 2014
31CH994
Middle to late Archaic lithic deposit
07311
Ineligible
Kenline 2014
31CH1155
Historic site
None
Unavailable
Unknown 2022
31CH1156
Prehistoric site
None
Unavailable
Unknown 2022
31CH1166
Historic site
None
Unavailable
Unknown 2022
31 WA1074
Late Archaic and early to middle Woodland
03151
Ineligible
Webb 1991
artifact deposit
31 WA1075
Late Archaic lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
31WA1076
Early to middle Woodland lithic deposit
03151
Unknown
Gumbert 1991
31WA1077
Early Woodland artifact deposit
03151
Unknown
Gumbert 1991
Middle to late Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian period lithic deposits and
07211,
31WA1080
historic nineteenth to twentieth-century
06384, and
Unknown
Gantt 1991
artifact assemblage.
03151
31WA1081
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Webb 1991
31WA1082
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 15
Previouslyi i
Radius of
Project
te "Nu Site
Type/Description/Cultural
sociated
I' Status
LsReport
Recorder and
03151 Ineligible
Date
Gumbert 1991
31WA1083
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
31 WA1095
Middle Archaic lithic and fire -cracked rock
03151
Ineligible
Webb 1991
deposit
31WA1096
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Webb 1991
31WA1097
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Hemphill 1991
31WA1098
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Hemphill 1991
31WA1099
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gantt 1991
Unknown precontact lithic deposit and
Webb and
31 WA 1100
nineteenth to twentieth-century historic
03151
Unknown
Gumb 1991
house site with associated artifact scatter
31 WA1101
Late Archaic lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gantt 1991
31 WA1102
Middle Archaic lithic deposit
03151
Unknown
Webb and
Hemph 1991
31WAI I03
Late Woodland lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
31WAI I04
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
31WAI I05
Unknown precontact lithic deposit with fire-
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
cracked rock
Early Woodland lithic deposit and
31WA1106
nineteenth to twentieth-century artifact
03151
Unknown
Gumbert 1991
deposit
31WAI I07
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gantt 1991
31WA1108
Nineteenth to twentieth-century farmstead
03151
Unknown
Hemphill 1991
with associated artifact scatter
31 WAI 111
Unknown precontact lithic scatter
03151
Ineligible
Webb 1991
31 WAI 119
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
31WAI I20
Unknown precontact lithic and fire -cracked
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991
rock deposit and lithic scatter
31WAI I21
Unknown precontact lithic deposit
03151
Ineligible
Gumbert 1991

16 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Table 1 Previously Recorded 11
1ssociated
te •Type/Description/Cultural :I'
Radius of the Project
Status Recorder and
I' •• Date
31WA1122
Historic nineteenth to twentieth-century
ceramic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Webb 1990
31WA1123
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Gantt 1990
31WAI I24
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Gantt 1991
31WAI I25
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Gantt 1992
31WAI I26
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Webb 1990
31WA1127
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Webb 1991
31WA1128
Unknown
03151
Ineligible Gantt 1991
31WA1129
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Gumbert 1991
31WAI I30
Unknown precontact lithic isolated find
03151
Ineligible Gumbert 1991
table 2.3. Previously
I 1 1 Cultural Resource I
Radius of the Project
Survey
Name Date
Associated Acreage
NumberReport
•'
CH 15-0540
Chatham County Mine- Brickhaven #2 2015
07311 442.5
ER 06-2238
Shearon Harris
2006
07211 8909
ER 22-1869
Project Blue Industrial Development
2022
None 1300
ER 90-7843
Unknown
1990
None Unknown
ER 90-7844
Merry Oaks Site #2
1990
None Unknown
ER 99-7480
Unknown
1999
None
Unknown

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 17
ITable 2.4. Reports for Previous Cultural Resource Surveys Within
a 1-mile Radius
of the Project
Area.
Report • Report Title/Results
D.
•
Acreage
Cultural Resources Assessment for Wake/Chatham
Potentially Suitable Site North Carolina Low -
Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility in
03151 Wake and Chatham Counties, North Carolina. 73
Webb 1992
None
847
archaeological sites and 17 isolated finds were
identified. Of these cultural resources, 57 were
determined ineligible for NRHP listing.
Preliminary Cultural Resource Assessment for
Brickhaven No. 2 Mine in Chatham County, North
Carolina. Two archaeological sites were identified.
06177
One site was recommended eligible, and the other
Russ 2007
None
250
site was recommended ineligible for NRHP listing.
The OSA determined both sites ineligible for NRHP
listing.
06384
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Archaeological survey and deep testing at the
Shearon Harris Reservoir, Wake and Chatham
07211
Counties, North Carolina. 159 archaeological sites
Patch et al.
None
4994
were identified. 144 are considered ineligible for
2014
NRHP listing. 15 archaeological sites were given an
unknown NRHP eligibility.
Archaeological Survey at the Bickhaven Mine No.
2, Chatham County, North Carolina. Three new
Kenline and
07311
archaeological sites and two isolated finds were
Nyman 2014
CH 15-0540
300
identified. All newly identified resources have an
undetermined NRHP eligibility.
Historic Structure Survey Report, Roadway
Improvements for Moncure Megasite (Project Blue),
ER 22-2286
PA 22-05-0005, Chatham County, ER 22-2286. This
Diehlmann
None
Unknown
is a historic architectural resources survey report
et al. 2022
intensive evaluation for 16 properties to determine
NRHP eligibility.
Historic Structures Survey, North Carolina Low -
Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility Project
ER 90-7844
in Wake and Chatham Counties, North Carolina.
Phillips 1993
None
1,400
ER 93-8764. This is a historic architectural
resources survey report evaluating 71 properties to
determine NRHP eligibility.

18 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
rTable 2.5. Pri i
1
Radius of -
ResourceBuilt/Resource
NRHP
Number•er
Type Eligibility
CH0191
Merry Oaks Historic
ER 90-7466
Merry Oaks, NC
ca. 1870-1920
Ineligible
District
Jack Womble's
ca. 1947,
CH0866
Filling Station
ER 22-2286
4674 Old US Hwy 1
Commercial
Eligible
(Jones Groceries
building in the
and Meats Store)
Tudor Revival style
ca. 1870, Residential
CH0529
Edwards House
ER 22-2286
building in the
Eligible
283 Old Christian Chapel
Colonial Revival
Road
style
CH0530
Yates Store
ER 22-2286
ca. 1890,
Eligible
Commercial
Table 2.6. Previously Recorded
Historic
Properties
Radius
ResourceBuilt/Resource
NumberName
•er
Type
Eligibility
148 New Elam Church
ca. 1915, residential
CHO 180 Kendricks House
ER 22-2286
Road
building in the
Ineligible
Queen Anne style
CH0188
None
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
CHO190
Tucker House
ER 22-2286
5749 Old US Hwy 1
ca. 1900, residential
Ineligible
CH0193
Allen House
ER 22-2286
Within the Merry Oaks
ca. 1890, residential
Ineligible
Historic District
CH0531
Merry Oaks Post
ER 22-2286
283 Old Christian Chapel
ca. 1910
Ineligible
Office
Road
CH0865
None
ER 22-2286
4 Merry Oaks Cemetery
ca. 1910, residential
Ineligible
Road
CH0867
None
ER 90-7844
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
ca. 1900, residential
CH0868
None
Unknown
I �, I New Elm Church Road
building in the
Ineligible
Queen Anne style
CH0869
Teacherage
Unknown
5665 Old US Hwy 1
ca. 1900
Ineligible
CH0912
None
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 19
Of the previously conducted cultural resource surveys, one (ER 22-1869) intersects with the project area.
No other cultural resources intersect with the project area. Seven reports were also submitted to the OSA
within the 1-mile search radius (see Table 2.4).
ER 22-1869. ER 22-1869 is the current environmental review survey for the Project Blue Industrial
Development.
In North Carolina, previously conducted cultural resource surveys and archaeological reports have separate
numbers. Cultural resource surveys do not always have an associated report. The survey number usually
begins with an ER or CH. ER stands for Environmental Review and these are projects that are permitted,
licensed or funded by state or federal governments. CH stands for Clearinghouse and these are surveys that
are subject to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). Surveys ER 22-2286 and ER 90-7844 represent
both cultural resource surveys and reports. Not all of the previously conducted cultural resource surveys
could be mapped since they are located on a hand -drawn topographic quadrangle and the exact locations of
these surveys are not known.
The Douglass Family (NCDOT) Cemetery is located approximately one -mile northeast of the project area
in Lee County, North Carolina. It is a historic cemetery containing five burials from the Douglass Family.
This cemetery was active from 1844 to 1872 (Find a Grave 2023). The Merry Oaks Cemetery is located
northwest of the project area. No other information could be obtained about this cemetery.
Lastly, a review of historic maps and aerial images was conducted for evidence of previous historic structures
or other historic features located within the proposed project area (NETR 2023; USGS 2023a and 2023b).
The 1953 (1965 and 1971 editions [eds.]) and 1954 (1954 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250000
topographic quadrangles depict a power transmission line, oriented northeast -southwest, transecting
the southern portion of the project areas. A stream, two roads, and a railroad are depicted northwest of
the proposed project area (Figures 2.7-2.9). Aerial images from 1955 show the power transmission line
transecting the proposed project area. No significant changes occured in aerial images from 1955 to present.
CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW
This section provides a broad outline of the cultural history of North Carolina in the general vicinity of
the survey area. Much of the information provided in the precontact portion is drawn from the informative
Time Before History: The Archaeology of North Carolina (Ward and Davis 1999). Synthesis of the greater
Southeast came from a variety of sources (Anderson and Sassaman 2012; Neusis and Gross 2014), including
relevant supplemental works. Information about the distribution of American Indian groups around the
time of European contact is derived from First on the Land: The North Carolina Indians (Wetmore 1975).
Within the historic portion of the overview, localized information was drawn from smaller works (Corbitt
1950; Mazzocchi 2006; Stine 1989, 2011)
Paleoindian Period (ca. 9,500-7,900 B.C.). The Paleoindian period represents the earliest substantial
human occupation in the Western Hemisphere (Anderson 1990; Anderson and Sassaman 2012; Neusis
and Gross 2014). Paleoindian populations are conventionally described as highly adaptive, mobile hunter -
gatherers whose ancestors had migrated from Siberia into North America. This migration occurred during
the Pleistocene Epoch, when glaciers were expanding and retreating from fluctuations in the climate
between cold and warm episodes. The movement of populations was presumably made possible when the
colder periods of the Pleistocene captured large quantities of the earth's water in glaciers. This climatic
event lowered sea levels and exposed large portions of the continent, which allowed human populations to

20 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 2.7. 1953 (1965 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1: 250, 000 topographic quadrangle showing the project
areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 21
Figure 2.8. 1953 (1971 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250, 000 topographic quadrangle showing the project
areas.

22 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
me ak
r
r
40
dor
Basemap: 1954 (1954 ed.) Raleigh, NC
USGS 1:250000 Topographic Quadrangle
Q Phase 1 B Project Area hatham Co.
Q Phase 2 Project Area Meters
Q Phase 3 Project Area 0 750 1,500
it ill
0 2,000 4,000
Feet
Source: 2023 USGS TERRAX
Figure 2.9. 1954 (1954 ed.) Raleigh, North Carolina USGS 1:250, 000 topographic quadrangle showing the project
areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 23
follow the Pleistocene mammals across to the Americas. However, in recent years, increasing evidence has
been found for occupations of greater antiquity than has been traditionally recognized for the Paleoindian
period. For example, radiocarbon dating of underwater deposits around stone tools and mastodon bones
from the Page-Ladson site in northern Florida indicates that Paleoindians occupied the American Southeast
as early as 14,550 B.P. (Halligan et al. 2016). These finds have led archaeologists to advance alternative
models for the peopling of the Americas, including a route via watercraft down the Pacific coast. At present,
these models are still a topic of healthy debate (Braje et al. 2020). While sites that are thought to predate
12,000 B.P. have been discovered in surrounding states (e.g., Cactus Hill, Virginia [44SX0202] and Topper,
South Carolina [38AL23]), such deposits are largely unknown in North Carolina.
Before the arrival of Paleoindian Period peoples at the end of the Pleistocene, the North Carolina Piedmont
was a boreal forest containing primarily jack pine and spruce (Ward and Davis 1999:37). With the gradual
retreat of the northern glaciers, the vegetation of the area changed from conifers to deciduous types of trees
such as oak, hickory, walnut, elm, willow, and sugar maple. Continued warming temperatures encouraged
the growth of new forests of deciduous species consisting of sweet gum, chestnut, red maple, and tupelo
gum. The animal population was also very different during the glacial period, megafauna such as mastodon,
mammoths, horses, ancient bison, and other now -extinct animals existed in the area. While megafauna may
have been an important element of the Paleoindian diet, in southeastern North America, Paleoindian Period
peoples also practiced a generalized foraging subsistence strategy (Meltzer 1988). In the Piedmont, the major
focus was likely on hunting small game and foraging for seeds, nuts, and fruits (Ward and Davis 1999:37).
Following Daniel (1998), Ward and Davis (1999:37-38) suggest that the locations of early settlements in
the North Carolina Piedmont may have been influenced more by lithic outcrops than by the availability
of subsistence resources. Many of the stone tools dating to the Paleoindian and subsequent periods in the
North Carolina Piedmont were crafted from rhyolite, and outcrops of this fine-grained metamorphosed
volcanic rock are restricted to the Slate Belt in the vicinity of the Uwharrie Mountains (Daniel and Butler
1991:66; Ward and Davis 1999:38).
In North Carolina, and in the Southeast generally, the Paleoindian period has been provisionally divided
into Early, Middle, and Late or Transitional subperiods based on distinct changes in material culture. These
changes are thought to roughly correlate with the initial colonization and exploration of the Americas, the
development of regional traditions, and a shift to Holocene conditions with a transition to more Archaic
period traits (Anderson 1990:165-166). Early Paleoindian (ca. 9,500-9,000 B.C.) occupation of the North
Carolina Piedmont was not intensive, and most of what is known about this period is based on surface finds
of a specialized type of projectile point that has been identified to be "very similar to the `classic' Clovis
points of the West" (Ward and Davis 1999:29-30). Clovis points are sometimes quite large lanceolate blades
that feature channels or flutes created by the removal of a long, vertical flake from the center of one or both
faces of the point (Anderson 1990). During the Middle Paleoindian (ca. 9,000— 8,500 B.C.), points exhibited
more variability and included both fluted and unfluted forms. Projectile point types diagnostic of this period
are Cumberland, Suwannee, and Simpson varieties. The Middle Paleoindian period is generally considered
to reflect the expansion of people into new areas and an increase in population. Though data pertaining to
this period is somewhat obscure for the state, Ward and Davis (1999:31) suggest similar circumstances
were taking place in North Carolina. In the Southeast, the diagnostic marker of the Late Paleoindian (ca.
8,500-7,900 B.C.) period is the Dalton point. In North Carolina specifically, the Late Paleoindian period is
represented by the related Hardaway -Dalton point, considered to be a transitional form between the classic
Dalton and Hardaway types. During the Late Paleoindian period, population levels continued to increase as
the climate further transitioned to Holocene conditions (Ward and Davis 1999:31-32).

24 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
One of the most important Paleoindian-Early Archaic sites in North Carolina is the Hardaway site (31 ST4)
in Stanly County. Excavations at the site were led by Joffre Coe (1964), who is responsible for charting
much of the cultural sequence of North Carolina. Careful excavation along natural stratigraphic breaks
resulted in the identification of three sequential phases —Hardaway, Palmer, and Kirk —each of which was
correlated with a diagnostic projectile point of the same name. Though the cultural sequence proposed by
Coe (1964) has been questioned, stratified deposits at additional sites elsewhere generally support Coe's
assessment of the relative chronology (Ward and Davis 1999:42-45).
The Paleoindian Database of the Americas (PIDBA) is the largest repository for locational data of
Paleoindian artifacts in the Americas (Anderson et al. 2019). The data for North Carolina is provided by
the North Carolina Fluted Point Survey (Daniel 2005). This database indicates that four Paleoindian points
have been recovered from Chatham County. All the points are Clovis or Clovis variants, with the exception
of a single Redstone point.
Archaic Period (ca. 8,000-1,000 B.C.). The Archaic Period in the southeastern United States was marked
by the end of the Ice Age and the large Pleistocene mammals that accompanied it. As the climate warmed,
faunal species began to resemble the animals seen today. Changes in both the environment and regional
population densities had significant impacts on social dynamics, which are reflected in the archaeological
record. A more varied assortment of artifact types and a broader array of artifact attributes in this period
have been interpreted to reflect intensified exploitation of a more diversified, albeit geographically limited,
resource base. The increased morphological diversity of similar artifact types during the Archaic Period is
probably reflective of geographic preference and constraints. At the same time, such limitations may have
also provided the impetus for the formation of trade networks. Population increases are generally evidenced
by the increased number of precontact sites along with the intensity of their occupation. This increase in
population is thought to have occurred in conjunction with progressive technological sophistication and
a growing efficiency in the exploitation of the emergent Holocene environment (Anderson and Sassaman
2012; Neusis and Gross 2014; Ward and Davis 1999).
The Archaic has traditionally been divided into three subperiods: Early (ca. 8,000-6,000 B.C.), Middle
(ca. 6,000-3,000 B.C.), and Late (ca. 3,000-1,000 B.C.). While Early Archaic subsistence strategies in the
Piedmont may not have changed much from those practiced during the Late Paleoindian period, the Early
Archaic tool kit was both modified and expanded (Ward and Davis 1999:51-58). Early Archaic points, such
as Palmer and Kirk styles, exhibit broad triangular blades and corner -notched bases. Artifacts such as adzes,
gravers, drills, and perforators also appear in Early Archaic deposits in the Piedmont. Populations have been
characterized as exploiting entire drainage systems stretching from the Piedmont to the coast in seasonal
rounds (Anderson and Hanson 1988). Other researchers have proposed that Early Archaic settlement
patterns resulted from groups moving between drainages in search of lithic outcrops. It is thought that
quality tool stone was more important than the quest for food, which is assumed to have been relatively
abundant in the Piedmont (Daniel 1998). Rhyolite was still highly prized for tool manufacture in the Early
Archaic period and was a resource that perhaps "tethered" groups to the Uwharrie Mountain outcrops
(Daniel 1998:202-204; Ward and Davis 1999:55-57).
The Middle Archaic period is characterized by additional changes in tool assemblages and projectile
point forms. Three sequential phases—Stanly, Morrow Mountain, and Guilford —have been identified for
this period based on stratified deposits from several sites in the North Carolina Piedmont (see Coe 1964;
South 1959; Ward and Davis 1999:58-61). Each of these phases included diagnostic projectile points of
the same name. Both Stanly and Morrow Mountain are stemmed types, while Guilford phase points are
thick lanceolate forms with straight, rounded, or concave bases (Ward and Davis 1999:59). Halifax Side

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 25
Notched points, considered to be similar to Guilford points, were also found at the Gaston site (31 HX7) and
are thought to date after the Guilford phase (Coe 1964:95-99; Ward and Davis 1999:59-61). In addition
to the new point types, the first evidence of both atlatls and bannerstones (possible atlatl weights) have
been recovered from Stanly phase deposits in the Piedmont, and chipped -stone axes with lateral hafting
notches were found with Guilford points at the Gaston site (Coe 1964:113; Ward and Davis 1999:63). The
simplified, expedient tool kits recovered from primarily temporary encampments are characteristic of the
period; these traits are thought to reflect an emphasis on foraging. Some researchers have proposed that this
shift in settlement and subsistence strategies may be related to a change in climatic conditions known as the
Altithermal or Climatic Optimum, which represents a period of drier and warmer weather (Ward and Davis
1999:63-64; Wendland and Bryson 1974). Consistent with site distributions in South Carolina and Georgia
(Blanton and Sassaman 1989), Middle Archaic deposits appear to be more concentrated in the Piedmont
than in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina (Ward and Davis 1999:63).
The Late Archaic period in the Southeast appears to reflect a trend toward a more sedentary way of life
(Ward and Davis 1999:64). In the North Carolina Piedmont, and in the Southeast generally, sites dating to
this period are plentiful (Anderson and Sassaman 2012:74; Ward and Davis 1999:64). While many of these
represent small, short-term campsites, thick midden deposits at some sites likely reflect locations of more
permanent occupation. Still, the most intensive occupations have been documented along the south Atlantic
coast at shell midden sites, which appear to reflect larger, semipermanent settlements (Ward and Davis
1999:64-66). One of the most common stone tools of the Late Archaic is the Savannah River Stemmed
point. Representing a marker of the Late Archaic from New York to Florida, this broad -bladed point is
considered to be a multipurpose tool that was likely used in a variety of ways, not just as a spear point.
Within the Carolina Piedmont, these points exhibit a gradual decrease in size through time resulting in
what are known as Small Savannah River Stemmed points (Oliver 1985:204). The Late Archaic, in general,
appears to represent a period of technological innovation as these sites often yield a variety of chipped
and ground stone implements. The first pottery was also manufactured during the Late Archaic period and
spread relatively rapidly, though unevenly, throughout the Southeast (Sassaman 1993). Toward the end of
this period, plants such as squash, sunflower, maygrass, chenopodium, and others were cultivated (Ward
and Davis 1999:66). In addition to these resources, Late Archaic people were hunting white-tailed deer,
bears, and small mammals, while also foraging for acorns, hickory nuts, and wild fruits and berries. Sites
with thick midden deposits, such as Doerschuk (31MG22), Lowder's Ferry (31ST7), and Gaston (31HX7),
are located along prominent waterways and likely reflect the exploitation of seasonal aquatic resources
(Ward and Davis 1999:67).
Woodland Period (ca. 1,000 B.C.-A.D. 1600). Hallmarks of the Woodland Period in North Carolina
include sand or crushed quartz tempered ceramics, a growing reliance on horticulture, and semisedentary
villages (Ward and Davis 1999:76-77). The combination of more permanent settlements and the increasing
incorporation of seed crops into Woodland diets is thought to have facilitated the widespread adoption of
ceramics. Small garden plots of knotweed, sumpweed, squash, bottle gourds, sunflower, maygrass, and
goosefoot were likely common features of Woodland villages, which were gradually drawn closer to the
fertile soils of floodplains. Within most of the North Carolina Piedmont, the Woodland Period was largely
a continuum of cultural traditions that were only marginally influenced by surrounding eastern traditions
(Ward and Davis 1999:78).
For the North Carolina Piedmont, Ward and Davis (1999:76-137) subdivide the Woodland Period into Early -
Middle (ca. 1,000 B.C.—A.D. 800) and Late (ca. A.D. 800-1600) subperiods. Four ceramic series have been
identified for the Early -Middle Woodland period, including Badin, Yadkin, Vincent, and Clements. The
Badin phase, first defined from excavations at the Doerschuk site, includes triangular, crudely made points

26 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
and well -made sand -tempered pottery. The primary vessel form was a straight -sided jar with a conical base
that was either cord or fabric marked. The Yadkin phase was also first recognized from the excavations at
Doerschuk and features similar points that were more finely flaked. As with similarities in projectile point
forms, crushed quartz tempered Yadkin pottery features similar forms and decorative treatments as Badin
wares, though with the addition of check stamping, linear check stamping, and simple stamping. In some
areas of the Piedmont, the Badin phase appears before Yadkin, though in other locales Yadkin precedes
Badin, and yet in other areas still, they seem to be contemporaneous. While the number of Late Archaic sites
in the Piedmont is relatively large, Badin and Yadkin phase sites are comparatively rare, which suggests a
low population density in the Piedmont during the Early Woodland period (Ward and Davis 1999:83).
Two additional ceramic series, Vincent and Clements, have also been assigned to the Early -Middle
Woodland period based originally on vessels recovered from the Gatson site (Coe 1964; South 1959).
Vincent series ceramics are predominantly sand -tempered wares with a compact paste. The exterior
surfaces of these vessels were decorated with cord or fabric -wrapped paddles, while the interiors were hand
smoothed. Both bowls and jars were represented, and the latter exhibit straight to slightly flaring rims. The
bases of these vessels are typically pointed, though rounded examples have also been recovered (Ward and
Davis 1999:91). Clements pottery is generally similar to Vincent series wares. Notable departures from the
Vincent series include interiors that were sometimes smoothed with tools, bases that are more conical or
rounded, finer cord and fabric decorative treatments, and thinner vessel walls (Ward and Davis 1999:93). At
the Gatson site, where the stratigraphic relationship between the two pottery types was not clearly defined,
these ceramics were found associated with both larger and smaller varieties of triangular bifaces referred to
as Roanoke points. Excavations at the Thelma site, located approximately a mile upstream from the Gatson
site, yielded both Vincent and Clements ceramics, with the latter only recovered from the upper portions
of the deposit. Here, Vincent wares were associated with a smaller stemmed point, which is considered to
represent continuity from Late Archaic Savannah River styles (Ward and Davis 1999:93). Where exactly
Vincent and Clements ceramics fit into the Early -Middle Woodland sequence is currently unclear. Currently,
Clements is thought to postdate the Vincent series, while the latter may overlap with the Yadkin phase (Ward
and Davis 1999:94). Excavations at Early -Middle Woodland sites in the North Carolina Piedmont suggest
aquatic resources such as mollusks were significant food resources during this period, though a variety of
mammals and birds also made contributions to the diet. Contemporary sites elsewhere in the Southeast also
suggest several varieties of plants were cultivated and mast resources were seasonally harvested. The Early -
Middle Woodland bearing fioodplain sites such as the Doerschuk, Gatson, and Thelma sites suggests that a
similar array of plants were cultivated in the Piedmont (Ward and Davis 1999:98).
During the Late Woodland period (ca. A.D. 800-1600), subregional expressions of the Piedmont Village
Tradition are discernable. Some of these have been tentatively linked to Contact Period linguistic and
tribal groups, including Siouan -speaking groups who occupied the central and northern Piedmont when
Europeans first arrived (Ward and Davis 1999:98-119). The broad trend of this period in the North Carolina
Piedmont is toward larger and more permanent settlements. Populations along major drainages are separated
into specific phases, though these groups can be described as sharing general traits, including relatively
egalitarian social organizations, scattered "hamlet like" settlements and/or palisaded villages, increased
agricultural production, and inter -group conflict (Ward and Davis 1999:98-99). Increased agriculture, and
the sedentary life that accompanied it, is thought to have resulted in a larger concentration of people vying
for good agricultural land. Stored food surpluses became an inviting target for neighboring villages to steal.
The Uwaharrie phase (ca A.D. 800-1200) is the earliest Late Woodland phase defined in the Piedmont
(Coe 1964). An increase in more permanent sites dating to this phase indicates that populations increased
during this time. The Uwaharrie site (31MG14), for which the phase is named, is located across the river

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 27
from the Lowder's Ferry site, and less than two miles downstream from the Doerschuk site. Considered to
be the "mother" of all succeeding phases encompassed by the Piedmont Village Tradition, Uwaharrie sites
are widely distributed throughout the northern and central Piedmont region (Ward and Davis 1999:100).
Uwaharrie villages are documented to be spaced widely apart with relatively small and sedentary
populations. Subsistence during this time was focused on hunting, gathering, and fishing. Crops, such as
corn, became important toward the end of the phase, as indicated by large subterranean storage facilities
found on Uwaharrie phase sites. Pottery during this phase continued to be made in the same tradition as
earlier styles, with the gradual abandonment of fabric -impressed vessel treatments and incorporation of net -
impressed styles and large conical jars likely used for storing surplus (Ward and Davis 1999:101). Tempering
agents included large particles of crushed quartz, and vessel interiors were often finished by scraping with
a serrated tool. A unique trait of pottery during this time was adding incised parallel lines below the rim
(Coe 1964:308). The latter half of this phase is characterized by riverine-focused, nucleated settlements.
After A.D. 1100, major cultural changes took place with the emergence of regional manifestations of the
Piedmont Village Tradition. In the central Piedmont, these local expressions included the Haw River phase,
followed by the Hillsboro phase.
The Haw River phase (ca. A.D. 10001400) demarcates the transition from small, scattered settlements
to compact, palisaded villages (Ward and Davis 1999:103), which is particularly well documented by
excavations at the Hogue (31OR23Ib/31OR233) and Wall (31ORII) sites on a U-shaped bend of the
Eno River. The Hogue site has been divided into Hogue East (31OR23Ib) and Hogue West (31OR233),
separated by a large, wooded ditch (Ward and Davis 1999:103). No house patterns have been discerned at
these sites, however large, basin -shaped pits and cylindrical storage facilities were uncovered. Burials were
identified in a concertation in the eastern portion of the site, which may represent a cemetery. Other Haw
River phase sites in the region are often found along ridges and knolls bordering the narrow floodplains
of secondary streams. These represent small, dispersed households, indicated by low artifact densities and
low frequencies of postholes and pit features, as well as a lack of associated cemeteries (Ward and Davis
1999:104). There appears to be relative continuity in ceramic styles from the preceding Uwaharrie phase,
and the predominant vessel form was a large, undecorated, conical -shaped jar with a straight or slightly
constricted neck. Vessels were also frequently decorated with a net -wrapped paddle. Evidence of corn,
bean, squash, and sunflower agriculture has been recovered from Haw River phase sites, as well as the
remains of mammals and other wild resources.
The end of the Haw phase and the start of the Hillsboro phase (A.D. 14001600) somewhat overlapped in
the Piedmont region. Early Hillsboro sites are represented by compact, nucleated villages with relatively
large resident populations (Ward and Davis 1999:112). The Wall site, located on the Eno River near the
Hogue site, is the best example of a Hillsboro phase site excavated to date. Excavations at the Hall site
have revealed several circular house patterns, several smaller structures, pit features, a stockade, and
burials. Subsistence remains indicate agricultural pursuits, including corn, bean, and squash cultivation.
Cultivated resources were supplemented with white-tailed deer, small mammals, passenger pigeons, fish,
turtles, turkeys, acorns, hickory nuts, and walnuts. While subsistence practices during this time are largely
consistent with those of the Haw phase, substantial changes in pottery production are apparent. During the
Hillsboro phase, the frequency of net -impressed vessels dramatically decreased at the Wall site and was
replaced by simple -stamped and check -stamped varieties tempered with sand or crushed feldspar. Given
this shift in pottery types, it has been hypothesized that people from outside of the area moved into the
region, likely resulting from increased contact between local groups and those living in adjacent regions
(Ward and Davis 1999:115). Later Hillsboro phase sites indicate a shift in settlement patterns, with most
settlements located away from major floodplains and along valley margins or adjacent uplands of small
tributary streams. These settlements were dispersed; however, excavations at later sites indicate intensive
occupations represented by dense artifact assemblages (Ward and Davis 1999:116).

28 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
In much ofNorth Carolina, the Late Woodland Period continued through European contact. The Mississippian
Period, which manifested across much of the Southeast, did not have an expression in the region surrounding
the survey area. The South Appalachian Mississippian Tradition appeared in the Appalachian Summit, and
a Mississippian -influenced Late Woodland culture arose in the Southern Piedmont (University of North
Carolina Research Laboratories of Archaeology [UNC-RLA] 2010). Both regions are to the west and
southwest of the current survey area. As such, this report focuses on the transition from the Late Woodland
to the Postcontact Period.
European Contact Through Statehood (1524 Present). At the time of European contact, dozens of distinct
American Indian groups numbering an estimated 100,000 individuals inhabited what is now North Carolina
(Claggett 1995; Wetmore 1975). These groups can generally be divided into three linguistic categories:
Algonquian -speaking groups (e.g. Secotan, Chowanoc, and Weapemeoc), Iroquoian -speaking groups (e.g.
Pamlico, Tuscarora, and Cherokee), and Siouan -speaking groups (e.g. Catawba and Sugaree).
American Indian groups occupying the North Carolina and Virginia Piedmont regions during the Terminal
Late Woodland, the Protohistoric, and Historic periods have traditionally been referred to as members of
the Siouan linguistic and ethnic families. In the Carolinas, this included the Eno, Shakori, Keyauwee, Sara,
Sexapahaw, Pedee, Sugaree, Catawba, Santee, Congaree, and Wateree groups, most of which are thought
to have incorporated with the Catawba (Wilson 1984:4). Early archaeological work conducted in the
Piedmont of Virginia and the Carolinas during the 1930s and 1940s as part of the "Siouan Project" identified
multiple ceramic types present during the Terminal Woodland through Historic periods, including the Dan
River, Clarksville, Caraway, Hillsboro, and Elkin series. However, little archaeological investigation in
the Carolinas has been directed towards the era of early Spanish explorations of the Carolinas, the posited
locations of Indian towns visited by the Spaniards, or the forts constructed by them (Wilson 1984:62).
Impediments affecting archaeological endeavors related to this time period include the magnitude of projects
required to address these questions, as well as the construction of large numbers of reservoirs during the
twentieth century along most of the major waterways of the Carolinas, meaning that it is likely that many
of these early historic sites may be under the waters of man-made lakes (Wilson 1984:63).
European impact in North Carolina began with Giovanni da Verrazano's brief foray into the Cape Fear
Region in 1524. This Florentine navigator in the service of France mistakenly thought Pamlico and
Albemarle sounds were the Pacific Ocean. At the time, France had other concerns and was not interested in
creating colonies in the New World despite Verrazano's glowing reports (Powell 1989). In 1525, Spaniard
Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon, under the command of Pedro de Quejo, stopped along the North Carolina coast
on a voyage from Georgia to the Delaware Bay area. The hopes of finding gold and silver sent the Spanish
to Central and South America (Lefler and Newsome 1963). In 1539, the Spanish conquistador Hernando
de Soto's expedition landed near present-day Tampa Bay, Florida, and spent the next few years exploring
the Southeast. In the spring of 1540, de Soto's men came through west -central North Carolina, followed by
Juan Pardo's expeditions in 1566 and 1568 (Clayton et al. 1993; Swanton 1939).
Englishman Walter Raleigh sent an expedition under the command of Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlow
to what was referred to as the New World in 1584. They met American Indians and set up headquarters on
Roanoke Island, returning home after six weeks and taking two American Indians with them. The following
year, Queen Elizabeth sent a fleet of seven ships. Their Roanoke Island fort was constructed in late summer,
and as a result, they missed the planting season. A less than ideal growing season left the local American
Indian communities with little food surplus as well. Tensions built not only between the English and the
American Indians, but between expedition leaders. After a hard winter, crops were planted in the spring, but
before harvesting time, famine and conflict were rampant. The fortuitous arrival of Sir Francis Drake was

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 29
their salvation. Drake ordered supplies and a ship, but a storm led the settlers to make the decision to return
home with Drake. Shortly thereafter, the supply ships arrived and found no trace of the colonists. Richard
Grenville left 15 men to hold the land for England and set sail again. American Indians attacked and the
settlers who escaped were never seen again (Lefler and Newsome 1963; Powell 1989).
Raleigh's second colony fared no better. The colonists arrived on Roanoke Island on July 22, 1587, and on
August 18 of that year, Virginia Dare became the "first Christian borne in Virginia" (Powell 1989). They
had once again arrived too late to plant crops and could expect no assistance from the local American
Indian groups. No one checked on the fate of the settlers until 1590, when John White returned to find the
site overgrown with weeds and the enigmatic "CROATOAN" carved on a tree. No trace of the settlers was
found, although there has been much speculation as to the fate of the "Lost Colony" ever since.
Conflict and strife continued to characterize the relations of American Indians and European colonists
through the seventeenth century as the English began to move into Virginia and North Carolina. In 1644,
hostilities came to a head when tribes affiliated with the Pamunkey attacked and killed several hundred
Virginia settlers who had expanded west from the Tidewater region in an uprising that came to be known
as the Second Pamunkey (or Powhatan) War (Ward and Davis 1999:232). Despite the efforts of the local
tribes, by 1645, several forts had been established along the falls of major streams north and south of the
settled James River to protect the British colonists.
Exploration of the Carolina backcountry was launched from Fort Henry in Petersburg, Virginia, in an effort
to locate amenable trading partners for furs and skins as well as convenient routes to circumvent the Blue
Ridge Mountains (Ward and Davis 1999:233). When the first English traders and explorers entered the
North Carolina backcountry, they encountered several small tribal communities living along major rivers
and their tributaries. It was observed by the Europeans that, although American Indian customs appeared
to be diverse, these tribes possessed similar lifeways and were related by language, marriage, and trade
(Davis and Ward 1991). The American Indians encountered during this time became known as the Eastern
Siouans, which were comprised of over 40 separate tribes that occupied the Piedmont region (Davis and
Ward 1991:40). The heart of Siouan territory was situated along the headwaters of the Neuse, Cape Fear,
and Roanoke rivers in north -central North Carolina and southern Virginia. During the late seventeenth and
early eighteenth centuries, this area was occupied by the Eno, Occaneechi, Shakori, Sissipahaw, and Sara
tribes (Davis and Ward 1991:40).
By 1670, North Carolina became a popular destination for traders and packhorses from the Albemarle Sound
and Blue Ridge areas. These traders brought with them new technology, including weapons and ornaments,
as well as novel diseases which caused epidemics resulting in a significant loss of life in the local American
Indian population. Piedmont tribes had engaged in a highly profitable pelt trade with European colonists
in Virginia; however, supplies ran dry when these groups were decimated by disease, warfare, and slave
raids (Ward and Davis 1999:233). Early accounts by European explorers and traders describe that American
Indian societies had been substantially disrupted by the presence of Europeans and that three major factors
accounted for cultural change at this time: first, disease, which caused a population decline, the relocation
of settlements, and the eventual merging of formerly separate social groups into new communities; second,
incessant raiding by northern Iroquois war parties, which began in the fifteenth century and was likely
the impetus for the development of nucleated settlements in some drainages; and finally, the deerskin
trade, which created a new standard of power and prestige among individuals and tribes (Ward and Davis
1999:40). Due to the substantial decline of local American Indian populations by the end of the seventeenth
century, the center of trade moved once again, this time from North Carolina to Charleston, South Carolina,
where the process of trade and disease began again.

30 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
The social upheaval brought by the intrusion of colonists into American Indian lands inevitably resulted
in violent conflict. In the early eighteenth century, tensions between the Tuscarora and British colonists
erupted in the Tuscarora Indian War (1711-1714). The causes of the war included the establishment of
colonial settlements on lands traditionally occupied by the Tuscarora, the capture and enslavement of
American Indians by Europeans, imbalances and theft through trade with colonists, and disagreements
over the private ownership of land and livestock (Shamlin 1992). Although a series of treaties were signed
with the Tuscarora, colonists repeatedly violated the terms of the treaties. In September of 1711, a group of
500 warriors was organized by the Tuscarora chief Hancock. This group formed small raiding parties that
assaulted farms and plantations that killed 130 colonial men, women, and children. The governor, Edward
Hyde, drafted all men in the colony between the ages of 16 and 60, but this did not produce a sufficient force.
The governor called on Virginia to aid them but was rebuffed. South Carolina, however, mustered 30 white
officers leading a force of 500 American Indians, including members of the Wateree, Congaree, Waxhaw,
Pee Dee, Appalachee, and Yamasee tribes (Shamlin 1992). The reinforcements from South Carolina arrived
in January of 1712 and forced the Tuscarora to retreat to a fort in what is now Greene County. The Tuscarora
surrendered and released prisoners they had captured during their raids. A treaty was signed, but a major
breach occurred due to some South Carolina officers taking Tuscarora individuals as slaves. The Tuscarora
responded with a second wave of attacks in the summer of 1712. Many colonists fled North Carolina in
response. The new North Carolina governor once again called on South Carolina, which mustered 33 white
officers leading a group of 1,000 American Indians. This force overwhelmed the Tuscarora, who lost over
900 warriors. After the end of the war, the Tuscarora moved north over time and joined the Iroquois in New
York. The last of the Tuscarora moved out of North Carolina in 1802 (Shamlin 1992).
During the eighteenth century, traders from Charleston, South Carolina, established connections with
interior tribes and opened up the Appalachian Summit region in western North Carolina in an effort to
include Cherokee groups in the web of colonial commerce. However, rather than peace and prosperity, this
new arrangement created turmoil and strife, much like what happened in the Piedmont (Ward and Davis
1999:233). Warfare and political intrigue characterized the eighteenth century for the Cherokee, which
culminated in the removal of many Cherokees from their lands in 1838. British traders often resided in
Cherokee villages and exchanged European made tools and weapons for animal hides. The Yamasee War of
(1715-1716) began when Yamasee warriors attacked a South Carolina delegation at the town of Pocotaligo,
triggering a short but bloody conflict that enveloped much of what is now the southeastern United States.
Initially fighting against the British during the Yamasee War, the Cherokee allied with them in 1716. While
their intervention helped secure British victory, it led to hostilities between the Cherokee and the Muscogee
(Creek) that lasted beyond the end of the Yamasee War. This war strengthened calls for the establishment of
the colony of Georgia as a buffer between the British Carolinas and Spanish -held Florida, which occurred
when Georgia was founded. Similarly, during the French and Indian War (1754-63), the Cherokee aided the
British against the French, but relations between them soured over disagreements about compensation for
the Cherokee's service. The Cherokee were accused of raiding British settlements and a series of escalating
retaliations led to the Anglo-Cherokee War (1758-61). Many Cherokee villages were destroyed by British
colonial militias. The Revolutionary War resulted in further losses to the Cherokee. Although divided in how
to respond, a plurality of Cherokee supported the British government against the new American colonists.
American forces sacked and burned towns across Cherokee territory in response to raids against colonial
settlements (Boulware 2009).
Chatham County was formed from Orange County in 1771 during the Regulator Movement (or the War
of the Regulation). This movement was initiated by Euro-American settlers in the backcountry of North
Carolina who believed the British government was taxing them unfairly, falsifying records, and engaging
in other exploitations. The citizens wanted to "regulate" their own affairs. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, is

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 31
the county's namesake as well as the county seat of Pittsboro. Pitt was known to defend American rights in
the British Parliament (Corbitt 1950; Mazzocchi 2006; Powell 2006).
Before American Indians were forcibly removed from the state by 1838, a series of missions were established
throughout North Carolina as part of the organized "civilization" initiatives of the U.S. federal government
and Protestant churches. These mission sites included schoolhouses, farms, and churches. One such mission
site, the Valley Towns Baptist Mission (310E661), was investigated by archaeologists. This investigation
was an effort to include missions in the narrative of dispossession and removal of American Indians from
their land. An additional goal was to document the adaptive westernization of American Indian material
lifeways, which was manifest in the unique material record of early American Indian boarding schools
(Riggs 2017:1). Recovered diagnostic material of pre -Removal boarding schools that were in operation
during the 1820s-1830s include blue -painted pearlware, early whiteware, handmade brick fragments, slate
pencil fragments, and fragments of line writing slates (Riggs 2017:12). Other material that was recovered
from 31 CE661 that is considered to be diagnostic of the time included cut nails, glass beads, windowpane
glass, and brass -straight pins with solder -wrapped heads (Riggs 2017:16). Non -European artifacts included
plain, burnished sherds identified as Catawba ware which is typically found in the Piedmont region of South
Carolina. Additionally, a single grit -tempered stamped sherd was found that is attributable to the Qualla
ceramic series produced by Cherokees during the time of mission occupation (Riggs 2017:20-21). The
absence of certain materials, including tobacco pipes, alcohol containers, ammunition, and gun components,
also confirmed 310E661 as the site of a mission, as these items were not permitted at such establishments
during this time. Mission sites throughout the state are recognizable by a unique suite of material culture
that differentiate these sites as religiously based educational institutions as opposed to domestic occupations
in the surrounding area.
The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, which opened in April 1840, and the North Carolina Railroad, which
opened in 1854, contributed to North Carolina's commercial expansion. This expansion had remained slow
throughout the first half ofthe nineteenth century. Archaeological investigations ofa nineteenth-century urban
farmstead have shed light on architectural elements during this time. The residence at 317 S. Person Street,
in Raleigh, which was built in 1839 by Charles Johnson and demolished in 1903, revealed postmolds,which
outlined a series of structures and fences (Garrow 2013). Excavations of this site identified at least four,
and possibly five, outbuildings located on the rear half of the lot, which appear to be common elements
of "urban farmsteads" (Stewart -Abernathy 1986:5-15). These urban farmsteads, which were prevalent in
other Southeastern towns, sheltered horses and livestock, provided water and individual sanitation systems
such as privies, and included structures such as barns, meat houses, and smoke houses. The excavation of
Structure 1 revealed three defined bays and is consistent with structures that were occupied by enslaved
African Americans during this time. Corroborating the supposed function of this structure was a cache of
artifacts recovered from one of its postmolds, which included 31 white gastroliths, a white glass bead, and
pencil lead, which were presumed to be elements of a charm bag emplaced by enslaved African American
(Garrow 2013:64-65). Similar caches have been found in postmolds of slave structures at other sites dating
to this time (Wilkie 2000:192-193). Other structures revealed at this site included a double crib barn, a
root cellar, an arbor or small storage shed, and a structure of unknown function (Garrow 2013:70-71).
Recovered artifacts included food remains, such as animal bone and oyster shells, and window glass.
Structures, including the kitchen, smokehouse, and well, were located closer to the main house, and have
yet to be excavated.
The state of North Carolina voted to secede from the United States in 1861, and Raleigh served as the
meeting place for the state's wartime legislatures, becoming a concentration point for Confederate troops
(Ross 1992). Union General William T. Sherman's troops entered Raleigh on April 13, 1865, which began

32 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
the Battle at Morrisville Station, resulting in the occupation of the city by the Federal Army. This was the
last official battle of the Civil War between the armies of Major General William T. Sherman and General
Joseph E. Johnston.
The end of the Civil War brought change to North Carolina, including the emancipation of former enslaved
people and social reorganization. The Ailey Young House (31WA1958) was built in 1875 and represents
a rare surviving example of a form of Reconstruction -era housing called the "saddlebag house" (Blewitt-
Golsch and Boyette 2017:140). The saddlebag house form is a type of vernacular architecture that has a
central chimney and two front entries, each leading into a separate room (Mattson 1988). These houses
represent a subtype of the "double -pen" or duplex buildings that, before the Civil War, housed enslaved
peoples and provided shelter for at least two families (Vlach 1995). These site types are significant in
documenting African American history, which is oftentimes only manifest in unassuming structures and
artifact assemblages. Artifacts recovered from the Ailey Young House include wire nails a finishing nail,
hand -wrought rose -head nails, a copper belt buckle, copper, iron, or pewter buttons; a man's leather wing -
tip style dress shoe, kerosene oil lamp parts, an amber pharmaceutical bottle, a triangular pharmaceutical
bottle, whiteware decal fragments, over -glazed whiteware, yellowware, and numerous other personal and
domestic items which cover the range of time during which the house was occupied by the Young Family
(Blewitt-Golsch and Boyette 2017:144-148).
In 1900, 90.1 % of the population in North Carolina lived in rural areas, by 1950 this percentage decreased
to 69.9%. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, the topsoil of the Piedmont was experiencing severe
erosion. Farmers that were able to continue farming had to change and start using alternative farming
practices such as terracing, crop rotations, and field -side planting (Stine 1989, 2011). This was also a time
when teaching tools became more available to the public through extension services, home economics
and agriculture classes in public grade schools, and popular farming magazines. Farming equipment also
changed considerably in the twentieth century. Historic archaeologist Linda F. Stine (1989:6) explains,
"As many New South historians have noted, this was a time of transformations from an
emphasis on subsistence farming to cash crops, from traditional production of goods to
purchasing ready-made, from relying on mule power to that of gasoline and tractors" (Stine
1989:6).
Chatham County is on the border of the Triangle area that includes the cities of Raleigh, Durham, and
Chapel Hill. It is a growing county but still has an agricultural industry that includes growing tobacco, corn,
soybeans, and hay, as well as raising swine, poultry, and beef cattle. Mining endeavors in the county include
sandstone, shale, coal and iron. The manufacturing industry produces products in textiles, yarn, fabrics,
furniture, and lumber (Mazzocchi 2006).
Although American Indian removal programs resulted in significant movement of tribal members to Western
states, there remains a large and vibrant American Indian population in North Carolina. Currently, the State
of North Carolina is home to eight state -recognized tribes. These are the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(EBCI), Coharie, Lumbee, Haliwa-Saponi, Sappony, Meherrin, Occaneechi Band of Saponi Nation, and
Waccamaw-Siouan. The EBCI is the only nation that has full federal recognition. The Lumbee have partial
federal recognition due to the Lumbee Act of 1956. North Carolina is home to the most American Indian
residents east of the Mississippi River and has the eighth -largest American Indian population in the United
States (Richardson 2005; University of North Carolina American Indian Center [UNC-AIC] 2023).

III. METHODS
The primary goal of TerraX's Phase I archaeological survey was to locate all archaeological sites within the
survey area and to evaluate their NRHP eligibility via assessments of their significance and integrity. This
section details the methods used to locate and evaluate sites discovered during the Phase I survey.
FIELD METHODS
Archaeological field methods followed the guidelines established by the North Carolina OSA (2017). Full
land coverage requirements were achieved through visual inspections and systematic subsurface testing of
the survey area. While conducting visual inspections, any exposed surfaces were carefully examined for
cultural material. Shovel tests were conducted at staggered 30-meter (m) intervals throughout the survey
area and were reduced to 10-m intervals along the apparent edges of the site in order to delineate the
resource. In instances where obstructions or standing water prevented the excavation of a shovel test, tests
were offset up to 5 m and excavated if possible.
Typical shovel tests consisted of 30-centimeter (cm) diameter cylindrical holes excavated to a minimum
depth of 100 cm below the surface (cmbs) or at least 10 cm into sterile subsoil or hydric soil. Shovel tests
were terminated when impediments were encountered, such as the water table or bedrock. Soils from each
test were screened through 0.64 cm (0.25-inch [in]) hardware cloth to recover any cultural material present
at that location.Visual inspections for any precontact or historic artifacts or features exposed on the ground
surface were also performed along all shovel test transects and at each test location. When cultural material
was encountered, the material was sorted by provenience and placed into bags labeled with the pertinent
excavation information.
Transect shovel tests were labeled by their transect (increasing from south to north) and the test on that
transect (increasing from west to east). The first shovel test in the northeast corner, for instance, is labeled
"1-1." Delineation shovel tests were labeled D, followed by a number increasing by the order they were
encountered. For instance, D3 is the third delineation test completed.
A hand-held Trimble Global Positioning System (GPS) unit maintaining five -meter accuracy was used
for navigation. The GPS unit was also used to record all test locations, metal detection hits, and cultural
features. Digital photographs were taken throughout the site, as well as for the general APE.
LABORATORY METHODS AND COLLECTION CURATION
All cultural materials recovered during the field investigations were delivered to TerraX's laboratory in
Tuscaloosa, Alabama, for processing. Here, materials were sorted by provenience, cleaned, and cataloged.
Along with the artifacts, all survey records, photographs, and maps produced while conducting the
investigation will be transported for curation at the Office of State Archaeology Research Center (OSARC)
in Raleigh, North Carolina, under accession numbers 2022.148, 2022.157, and 2022.158.
The general morphological lithic typology employed during TerraX's Phase I projects is modified from
the generalized typologies developed by Andrefsky and Bender (1988) and Andrefsky et al. (1994). The
typology is useful for broadly communicating flaked stone shapes and is also sufficiently specific for
identifying mutually exclusive unambiguous types (Andrefsky 2005:75).
When found, each lithic artifact is macroscopically examined for indications of attrition or retouching
which could suggest utilization and then sorted into categories based on function. The basic dichotomy

34 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
used within the typology is between tools, i.e., any lithic artifact intentionally modified or modified through
use, and debitage, representing lithic waste produced during the reduction process. Tools are further divided
between Core, Flake, and Biface categories, which are individually further divided based on technological
characteristics and fragmentation. Formal bifacial projectile point/knife (PPK) types names are employed
whenever possible, following those outlined for the region. Debitage is divided into categories of flake
or shatter based on the presence or absence of an intact striking platform; these categories are further
subdivided based on fragmentation and morphological characteristics. Debitage is then inspected for
the amount of cortex and assigned to the categories of primary (>50 percent surface cortex), secondary
(<50 percent surface cortex), and tertiary (lacks any cortex) reduction debris accordingly. Size grades,
as determined with <0.25- to 1-in nested sieves, and raw material categorizations are also recorded for
each specimen, as is any apparent thermal alteration. Finally, counts and weights are recorded for every
specimen from each provenience.
All unidentifiable ceramic sherds less than 1 in on all axes are grouped into the category of sherdlets. All
sherds larger than 1 in on a given axis are classed according to temper and surface treatment, and, whenever
possible, are assigned to formal types in accordance with established ceramic chronologies for the region.
In instances where sherd surface treatments are too eroded for identification, these are categorized as eroded
sherds and listed with temper and suspected surface treatments (stamped, incised, etc.).
Historic artifacts are sorted primarily on the basis of material, function, method of manufacture, and any
maker's/manufacturer's marks. Common sources for historic artifacts identification include Gurcke (1987
[bricks]), Hume (1969 [Colonial -era and other artifacts]), Kovel and Kovel (1986 [pottery and porcelain
marks]), Nelson (1968 [nails]), Schulz et al. (2016 [glass]), Sivilich (2016 [small shot]), and Toulouse
(1971 [bottle makers marks]). In cases where historic -era artifacts lack any explicit attributes diagnostic
of a particular artifact type or time frame, TerraX strives to relate as much information as possible in the
artifact's description.
EVALUATION CRITERIA
According to the North Carolina Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines, an archaeological
site is "a location where at least one artifact or feature greater than 50 years of age has been identified"
(OSA 2017:3). Once archaeological sites have been identified and characterized, their significance and
integrity must be assessed in order to evaluate their NRHP eligibility. Outlined within 36 CFR 60.4 are
four criteria by which cultural resources should be evaluated to determine their eligibility for the NRHR
Properties may be eligible for NRHP when the quality of significance in American history, architecture,
archaeology, and/or culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects via at least one of
the four criteria listed below:
a) associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of
our history; or
b) associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
c) embody the distinctive characteristics of a type; period or method of construction; or
that represent the work of a master; or that possess high artistic values; or that represent a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
d) have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 35
Criteria A, B, and C, are most commonly applied to buildings, structures, districts, or non -archaeological
sites. Although cultural resources or properties nominated under these criteria may have archaeological
deposits, individual archaeological sites are most frequently evaluated and considered eligible specifically
under Criterion D. Importantly, properties eligible under Criterion D only require that they contain the
potential to yield important information in history or prehistory. Because theoretical orientations shift, new
techniques become available, and new information is discovered over time, there are no objective criteria
that defines what may be considered "important information." However, cultural resource management
practitioners generally agree that important information should be defined by the site's ability to contribute
to local, state (i.e., regional), or national research themes, with local and state research themes being the
most common analytical frame of reference (Little et al. 2000).
Additionally, NRHP-eligible properties must possess integrity, defined as "the ability of a property to
convey its significance" (NPS 1995). Evaluations of integrity must always be made with respect to the
physical features of a property and how they relate to the property's significance (Little et al. 2000:35).
Formally outlined, the categories of integrity include:
Location — The place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic
event occurred.
Design — The combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of
property.
Setting — The physical environment of a historic property. Setting includes elements such as
topographic features, open space, viewshed, landscape, vegetation, and artificial features.
Materials — The physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of
time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property.
Workmanship — The physical evidence of the labor and skill of a particular culture or people during
any given period in history or prehistory.
Feeling — A property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time.
Association — The direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property.
Under Criterion D, this it is measured in the strength of association between data and important
research questions (NPS 1995; Little et al. 2000:36).
While not all of these qualities are required for eligibility, "to retain historic integrity a property will always
possess several, and usually most, of the aspects" listed above (NPS 1995). Little and colleagues (2000:35)
note that the importance of the seven aspects of integrity will vary according to the nature of the property
and under which Criterion or Criteria the property is being nominated. Under Criterion D, for example, the
aspects of location, design, materials, and association are perhaps most relevant (Little et al. 2000:36; NPS
1995). Archaeologists frequently use integrity to refer to "the level of preservation or quality of information
contained within a district, site, or excavated assemblage. A property with good archaeological integrity
has archaeological deposits that are relatively intact and complete" (Little et al. 2000:36). Though careful
to acknowledge that relevant aspects of integrity are directly related to a site's ability to contribute to
particular research themes and will vary accordingly, Little and colleagues (2000:37) provide examples of
general qualities of sites that demonstrate integrity. These include surface or subsurface spatial patterning of

36 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
artifacts or features and the absence of serious disturbance to the archaeological deposits. These attributes
do not constitute a comprehensive representation of integrity, but are instead merely referred to here for
illustrative purposes. Importantly, site integrity alone does not constitute eligibility status, nor can it be used
as a screen to significance; assessments of integrity must follow assessments of significance (Little et al.
2000; NPS 1995).

IV. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTION OF INVESTIGATIONS
The Phase I survey included both visual and subsurface examinations of the survey area via systematic
shovel testing (including standard [30-meters (m)] and close [10-m] interval spacing), visual inspections,
metal detection, and auger testing. A total of 1,368 shovel tests were pre -plotted at roughly 30-m intervals
along 106 transects, also spaced at 30-m intervals. Of the total 1,368 attempted standard interval shovel
tests, 1,347 were negative for material culture or archaeological features, six were positive for precontact
or historic material culture, and 15 were unable to be excavated because they fell atop various obstructions,
including paved/gravel areas, standing water, or slope (Figures 4.1-4.10). An additional 72 shovel tests
were placed to delineate the positive shovel tests or surface scatter. Of these 72 tests, all were negative for
cultural material.
Typically, shovel tests revealed 5-17 cm of brown (IOYR 5/3 or 7YR 4/2) sandy loam over brownish -
yellow (IOYR 6/6) or light brown (IOYR 6/4) or red (I OR 3/6) clay excavated to a maximum depth of 40
cmbs (Figure 4.11-4.12). Shovel tests were often terminated prior to 100 curbs due to the high water table
or because 10 cm of clay subsoil was excavated.
Visual inspection of the project revealed that much of the survey area was densely wooded, with certain
areas disturbed by a power line corridor, paved and unpaved roads, and construction in preparation for
Project Blue (Figures 4.13-4.20).
The Phase I survey led to the identification of eight newly recorded sites (31CH1355-31CH1362) (Table
4.1; Figures 4.21-4.22). The following section describes the eight new sites. The curation agreement for
the artifacts recovered from the sites is provided in Appendix A. The artifact inventory is provided in
Appendix B. The curriculum vitae of the Principal Investigators are provided in Appendix C. The Phase
I investigation was performed in accordance with guidance and recommendations issued from the North
Carolina Office of State Archaeology (2017).
RESOURCE DESCRIPTIONS
31CH1355. Site 31CH1355, measuring 67-x-46 m with a northwest -southeast orientation, represents a
low -density precontact and historic artifact scatter. The site is located south of R Family Road within a
power corridor. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures
4.23-4.24). The site lies on a gently sloping landform. The site area is well maintained due to the presence
of the power line corridor.
Site 31 CH 1355 was identified by surface scatter near STP 37-5. Ten delineation tests were placed orthogonally
from STP 37-5, and all were found to be negative (Figure 4.25-4.26). A typical shovel test profile consists of
a 40-cm layer of grayish -brown (IOYR 5/2) silty clay overlaying a 30-cm layer of yellowish -brown (IOYR
6/8) clay (Figures 4.27). The artifacts recovered from the site include historic unglazed tableware fragments
(n--2) and precontact lithic debitage (n--3) (Figures 4.28-4.29). All artifacts were recovered from the surface.
Noted disturbances in the area include logging, road -related activities, and the power line corridor.
Historic and modern maps and aerial photographs were inspected in order to document the presence or absence
of built features in the area of the find through time. Historic aerials from 1955 through 1973 depict the site
area as densely wooded, with the power corridor visible north of the site. The aerial from 1983 shows the site

38 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.1. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

d
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d
0
.. . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . .
. .
IIP.4
Mq A

40 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.3. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 41
Figure 4.4. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

42 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
......... ........
Negative Shovel Test
Q Phase 1 B Project Area Meters
0 90 180
Q Phase 2 Project Area
0 Phase 3 Project Area I 1 1
0 Matchline 0 270 540 -:0t- T
Feet
Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) New Hill, NC (Top Right),
1993 (1999 ad.) Merry Oaks, NC (Top Left),
1993 (1999 ad.) Cokeshury, NC (Bottom Right),
81993 (1999 ad.) Moncure, NC (Bottom Left),
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangles
Figure 4.5. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 43
Figure 4.6. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

44 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.7. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 45
Figure 4.8. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

46 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.9. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 47
Figure 4.10. Aerial image showing the shovel test results within the project areas.

48 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
i
J l�
ivi7r�yy
f,�I; -4v�,
L-A
"4
JLWII,a
"-t
Figure 4.11. Photograph of shovel test 30-2.
Figure 4.12. Photograph of shovel test 27-1.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 49
Figure 4.13. Environmental view along transect 10, facing south.
Figure 4.14. Environmental view of north section of transect 7, facing east.

01,
�! ' rr
no&
I �tIm,
`t'° 4�I�1 �!I,5..� Ii_WX
����, i� �. of ♦+,F' �•wF"''1' �� It!�O�y,�
j _ C
Ne 1
` 1` '
A` P i r a: y•
�a

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 51
Figure 4.17. Environmental view south of shovel test 4-1, facing southwest.
Figure 4.18. Environmental view from STP 10-1, facing west.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 53
Table 4.1. Newly Identified
Sites within the Project Areas.
J9
Site Number
Components
.
NRH -
'- d.
Unknown Precontact and
Precontact Lithic Scatter; Historic
31CH1355
Not Eligible
Unknown Historic
Ceramic Scatter
31CH1356
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find
Unknown
31CH1357
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find
Not Eligible
31CH1358
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find
Not Eligible
31CH1359
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find
Not Eligible
31CH1360
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Lithic Scatter
Not Eligible
31CH1361
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find
Not Eligible
Unknown Precontact
Precontact Isolated Find; Historic
31CH1362
and Historic (191-201
Not Eligible
Ceramic, Glass, and Brick Scatter
centuries)

54 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
tep
0 31CH1361 _
•
®
O'3r1 CH136`
i
1
-
,
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
Q Phase 1 B Project Area
Meters
0 250 500
0 Phase 2 Project Area
g�
0 Phase 3 Project Area
0 Site Boundary
0 650 1,300
Feet
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
1 ERRAX
Figure 4.21. Map showing the new sites identified during the current investigation.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 55
)i
. / 1
31CH1362
31CH1359 r
31CH1358
31CH1357
'� ///^ �i 7 • 31CH1356
� 31CH1355
_--10-1
iOp Basemaps: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC (Left),
f� & 1974 (1990 ed.) Cokesbury, NC (Right)
' USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangles
Q Phase 1 B Project Area Meters
0 Phase 2 Project Area 0 250 500
Q Phase 3 Project Area
0 Site Boundary 0 650 1,300
Feet G°
lI
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery 1 ERRAX
Figure 4.22. Map showing the new sites identified during the current investigation.

56 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
F :r'
Figure 4.23. Environmental view of site 31 CH1355 from STP 37-5, facing east.
Figure 4.24. Environmental view of site 31 CH1355 from STP 37-5, facing south.

Site Boundary
0 Phase 1 B Project Area
Q Phase 2 Project Area
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 57
rl
_ . 24?7
s y
1
•
Of
i
r �
or
�•
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
Meters
0 125 250
31CH1355
0 325 650
Feet
Figure 4.25. Topographic map of site 31 CH1355.
TERRAX

58 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
4k
• Shovel Test Not Excavated
o Negative Shovel Test 0
0 Datum (Negative) F
r
X Surface Find 0
0 Site Boundary
0 Phase 2 Project Area
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
Figure 4.26. Site detail map for site 31 CHI355.
7- - T7
31CH1355
X
X
37-5
Meters
30
1 1
1 --
75
Feet
� P
'i 31CH1355
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ad.) Moncure, NC
TERRAX USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 59
Figure 4.27. Photograph of delineation shovel test 8 at site 31 CH1355.
Figure 4.28. Photograph of (a) a 112" silicified I breccia/greenstone whole flake, (b) a I "
silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake, and (c) a 112" silicified breccia/greenstone proximal
flake recovered from site 31 CH1355.

60 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.29. Photograph of an unglazed porcelain tableware fragments recovered from site
31 CH1355.
area has been cleared of vegetation and subsequent aerials (GoogleEarth 2023; NETR 2023; USGS 2023).
Topographic maps from 1953 through 1972 show only the power corridor present south of the site area. No
structures are depicted in any of the available topographic maps (NETR 2023; USGS 2023).
Based on the current investigation, site 31CH1355 is a precontact and historic artifact scatter. Given the lack
of horizontal and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1355
lacks integrity. The sparse nature of the artifact assemblage, lack of diagnostic artifacts, and lack of structures
associated with the site suggest that site 31 CH 1355 is unlikely to yield significant information about precontact
and historic activities. As such, TerraX recommends site 31 CH 1355 be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion
under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed for site 31CH1355.
31CH1356. Site 31CH1356, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a precontact isolated find. The site is
approximately 370 m northwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and Moncure-Flatwood
Road. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures 4.30-4.31).
The site lies on a gently sloping landform. The site area is poorly maintained, with significant pine and
hardwood coverage throughout the site area.
Site 31CH1356 was identified by a positive shovel test (STP 9-1). Four delineation tests were placed
orthogonally from STP 9-1, and all were found to be negative (Figure 4.32-4.33). The western border of
the site was unable to be delineated due to project area restrictions. A typical shovel test profile consists of
a 10-cm layer of grayish -brown (1 OYR 5/2) loam overlaying a 60-cm layer of yellowish -brown (1 OYR 6/8)
clay (Figure 4.34). The artifact recovered from the site was a debitage flake recovered from Strata I (5-10
cmbs) (Figure 4.35). Noted disturbances in the area include logging.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 61
Figure 4.30. Environmental view of site 31 CH1356 from STP 9-1, facing south.
Figure 4.31. Environmental view of site 31 CH1356 from STP 9-1, facing west.

62 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.32. Topographic map of site 31 CHI356.

Negative Shovel Test
0
Datum (Positive)
Unknown Site Boundary
0
Site Boundary
Phase 1 B Project Area
Q
Phase 2 Project Area
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
Meters
0 15 30
I I I I
0 45 90
Feet
Figure 4.33. Site detail map for site 31 CH1356.
f44
TERRAX
fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 63
O
31CH1356
Basemap:1g93 (199g ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle

64 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.34. Photograph of delineation shovel test 4 at site 31 CH1356.
Figure 4.35. Photograph of a fire -affected, 1 " silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake
recovered from site 31 CH1356.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 65
Based on the current investigation, site 31CH1356 is a precontact isolated find. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1356 lacks integrity.
The sparse nature of the artifact assemblage and lack of diagnostic artifacts suggests that site 31CH1356
is unlikely to yield significant information about precontact activities. However, since the site was unable
to be fully delineated to the west, the NRHP eligibility should be listed as unknown under Criterion D.
TerraX recommends any portion of site 31CH1356 extending outside of the project area be designated
an environmentally sensitive area and avoided by ground -disturbing activities associated with the project
construction through the placement of orange barrier fencing.
31CH1357. Site 31CH1357, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a low -density precontact artifact scatter. The
site is approximately 428 m northwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and Moncure-
Flatwood Road. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures
4.36-4.37). The site lies on a gently sloping landform. The site area is poorly maintained, with significant
pine and hardwood coverage throughout the site area.
Site 31CH1357 was identified by a positive shovel test (STP 30-19). Eight delineation tests were placed
around STP 30-19, and all were found to be negative (Figure 4.38-4.39). Atypical shovel test profile consists
of a 10-cm layer of grayish -brown (1 OYR 5/2) loam overlaying a 60-cm layer of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)
clay (Figure 4.40). The artifacts recovered from the site included shatter (n--4) recovered from Stratum Il
(10-20 cmbs) (Figure 4.41). Noted disturbances in the area include logging.
Based on the current investigation, site 31 CH 1357 is a precontact artifact scatter. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1357 lacks integrity.
The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage suggests that site 31CH1357 is unlikely to
yield significant information about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1357 be
listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed
for site 31CH1357.
31CH1358. Site 31CH1358, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a precontact isolated find. The site is
approximately 1,100 m south-southwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and R Family
Road. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures 4.42-4.43).
The site lies on a gently sloping landform. The site area is poorly maintained, with significant pine and
hardwood coverage throughout the site area.
Site 31CH1358 was identified by a positive shovel test (STP 30-9). Eight delineation tests were placed around
STP 30-9, and all were found to be negative (Figure 4.44-4.45). A typical shovel test profile consists of a
10-cm layer of grayish -brown (IOYR 5/2) loam overlaying a 20-cm layer of light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay
overlaying a layer of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay excavated to a maximum depth of 70 cmbs (Figure
4.46). A granite groundstone, recovered from Stratum I (0-30 cmbs), was the only artifact recovered from
the site (Figure 4.47). Noted disturbances in the area include logging and road -related activities.
Based on the current investigation, site 31 CH1358 is a precontact isolated find. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1358 lacks integrity.
The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage suggests that site 31CH1358 is unlikely to
yield significant information about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1358 be
listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed
for site 31CH1358.
31CH1359. Site 31CH1359, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a precontact isolated find. The site is
approximately 1,100 m south-southwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and R Family
Road. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures 4.48— 4.49).

66 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.36. Environmental view of site 31 CH1357 from STP 30-19, facing south.
Figure 4.37. Environmental view of site 31 CH1357 from STP 30-19, facing north.

Basemap:1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
0 Site Boundary
Q Phase 1 B Project Area 0
0 Phase 2 Project Area F
0
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
Figure 4.38. Topographic map of site 31 CH1357.
Meters
125
T
325
Feet
31 C H 1357
250
650
r4o
TERRAX
fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 67
31

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 69
e
r:- i..J;. , 1` �r�s�'. ,..•- Baia' +'�v _, "
• I l� � bYy ��FA � V
t r, ,
Figure 4.40. Photograph of delineation shovel test 2 at site 31 CH1357.
Figure 4.41. Photograph of (a) a 114" quartz angular shatter, (b) a 114" quartzite angular
shatter, and (c) a 112 " quartzite angular shatter recovered from site 31 CHI 357.

16 4 W,
15
Jr
A
�,, WfN�
gn
,44!
tv

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 71
I/
O •I
31CH1358
f_
0 Site Boundary Meters
Q Phase 1 B Project Area 0 125 250 O
0
Phase 2 Project Area I 1 1 1 I 1 31CH1358
0 325 650
Feet
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
Figure 4.44. Topographic map of site 31 CH1359.

72 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
w
s
I
r �
• � i IL
� 31CH1358
' 30_9 -
i T
Y
- l
` 1 _
a , It
• Shovel Test Not Excavated Meters
O Negative Shovel Test 0 15 30
I l l l I
0 Datum (Positive) 31CH1358
Slope Direction 0 45 90
Slope Feet
Site Boundary N
fj
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, Nc
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX USGS 7.5, Series Topographic Quadrangle
Figure 4.45. Site detail map for site 31 CHI 358.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 73
Y r { .IV
F 44;
Figure 4.46. Photograph of delineation shovel test 8 at site 31 CHI 358.
Figure 4.47. Photograph of a 1 " granite groundstone tool recovered from site 31 CHI 358.

74 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.48. Environmental view from datum at site 31 CH1359, facing east.
Figure 4.49. Environmental view from datum at site 31 CH1359, facing west.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 75
The site lies on a sideslope and is poorly maintained, with significant pine and hardwood coverage throughout
the site area.
Site 31CH1359 was identified by surface scatter near STP 20-17 and 20-18. Six delineation tests were placed
around the surface scatter following existing transects. All delineation tests were negative for cultural material
(Figure 4.50-4.51). A typical shovel test profile consists of a 5-cm layer of brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam overlaying
a 60-cm layer of brownish -yellow (1 OYR 6/8) clay overlaying a layer of red (2.5YR 4/6) clay excavated to
a maximum depth of 70 cmbs (Figure 4.52). A quartzite hammerstone was the only artifact recovered from
the site (Figure 4.53). Noted disturbances in the area include logging and the powerline corridor.
Based on the current investigation, site 31 CH1359 is a precontact isolated find. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1359 lacks integrity.
The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage suggests that site 31CH1359 is unlikely to
yield significant information about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1359 be
listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed
for site 31CH1359.
31CH1360. Site 31CH1360, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a low -density precontact artifact scatter. The
site is approximately 1,967 m southeast of the intersection of Corinth Road and Old US 1 Hwy and lies
within a powerline corridor. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and
brush (Figures 4.54-4.55). The site lies on a sideslope and is well maintained due to the powerline corridor.
Site 31CH1360 was identified by the presence of a positive shovel test (STP 8-17). Eight delineation tests
were placed around the surface scatter following existing transects. All delineation tests were negative for
cultural material (Figure 4.56-4.57). A typical shovel test profile consists of a 10-cm layer of brown (7.5YR
4/3) loam overlaying a 40-cm layer of yellow (IOYR 8/8) clay overlaying a layer of strong brown (7.5YR
5/8) clay excavated to a maximum depth of 70 cmbs (Figure 4.58). The artifact assemblage consists of two
debitage flakes recovered from Stratum I (20 cmbs) (Figure 4.59). Noted disturbances in the area include
logging, road -related activities, and the powerline corridor.
Based on the current investigation, site 31 CH 1360 is a precontact artifact scatter. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1360 lacks integrity.
The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage suggests that site 31CH1360 is unlikely to
yield significant information about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1360 be
listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed
for site 31CH1360.
31CH1361. Site 31CH1361, measuring 10-x-10 m, represents a precontact isolated find. The site is
approximately 1,958 m southwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and Moncure-Flatwood
Road. The site lies on a dirt road surrounded by dense forest. Vegetation within the area consists of mixed
pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures 4.60-4.61). The site lies on an upland crest and is poorly
maintained due to the dirt road that runs through the site.
Site 31CH1361 was identified by the presence of surface scatter near STP 36-24. Ten delineation tests were
placed around the surface scatter following existing transects. All delineation tests were negative for cultural
material (Figure 4.62-4.63). A typical shovel test profile consists of a 10-cm layer of brown (7.5YR 5/4)
loam overlaying a layer of red (2.5YR 4/8) clay excavated to a maximum depth of 70 cmbs (Figure 4.64).
The artifact assemblage consists of a unimarginal flake tool recovered from the surface (Figure 4.65). Noted
disturbances in the area include logging and road -related activities.

76 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
?� t
r
•
1
s
r
J 31CH1359
f
O
1
r
j
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
= USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
0 Site Boundary Meters
Q Phase 1 B Project Area 0 125 250 1
I 1 1 i I Q I Phase 2 Project Area 31CH1359 � /
0 325 650 `
Feet
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX �!
Figure 4.50. Topographic map of site 31 CH1359.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 77
Figure 4.51. Site detail map for site 31 CHI 359.

78 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.52. Photograph of datum shovel test at site 31 CH1359.
Figure 4.53. Photograph of a I " quartzite hammerstone tool recovered from site 31 CHI359.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 79
Figure 4.54. Environmental view of site 31 CH1360 from STP 8-17, facing east.
Figure 4.55. Environmental view of site 31 CH1360 from STP 8-17, facing west.

80 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
0
r4f
� �
r
40
= r
�w J
/I
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
0 Site Boundary Meters
Q Phase 3 Project Area 0 125 250
I I /31CH1360
0 325 650 1
Feet 000
J
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX
Figure 4.56. Topographic map of site 31 CH1360.

fTERRAXPLORAT[ONS - 81
i Y aA
�O 'Ot O
31CH1360
0
8-17
tit. 'rt
O Negative Shovel Test �
Meters
0 Datum (Positive) 0 15 30
IL Slope Direction I i l I • 31 C_ H1360
Slope
0 Site Boundary 0 45 90 ` 0.0
0 Phase 3 Project Area Feet .0(
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ad.) Moncure, NC
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
Figure 4.57. Site detail map for site 31 CH1360.

82 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.58. Photograph of delineation shovel test 6 at site 31 CH1360.
Figure 4.59. Photograph of (a) a 112 " silicified I breccia/greenstone proximal flake and (b) a
112 " quartz whole flake recovered from site 31 CHI 360.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 83
Figure 4.60. Environmental view of site 31 CH1361 from STP 36-24, facing south.
Figure 4.61. Environmental view of site 31 CH1361 from STP 36-24, facing east.

84 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
N
e
•
0 ,
ti 31CH1361
S
' - r
r
,+ ` Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
0 Site Boundary Meters
0 Phase 3 Project Area 0 125 250
I i i i I
31CH1361 I
0 325 650
Feet O
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery TERRAX
Figure 4.62. Topographic map of site 31 CH1361.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 85
Figure 4.63. Site detail map for site 31 CHI 361.

86 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
5v..1
Figure 4.64. Photograph of delineation shovel test 6 at site 31 CH1361.
Figure 4.65. Photograph of a 1 " tuff unimarginal flake tool recovered from site 31 CH1361.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 87
Based on the current investigation, site 31CH1361 is a precontact isolated find. Given the lack of horizontal
and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site 31CH1361 lacks integrity.
The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage suggests that site 31CH1361 is unlikely to
yield significant information about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1361 be
listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed
for site 31CH1361.
31CH1362. Site 31CH1362, measuring 62-x-33 m with a north -south orientation, represents a precontact
isolated find and historic artifact scatter. The site is located along R Family Road, approximately 863 m
southwest of the intersection of Christian Chapel Church Road and R Family Road. The northern portion of
the site overlaps with R Family Road and the southern portion is covered in dense forest. Vegetation within
the area consists of mixed pine and hardwood, briars, and brush (Figures 4.66-4.67). The site lies on a gently
sloping landform and is partially well maintained due to the road that runs through the site.
Site 31CH1362 was identified by the presence of a positive shovel test (STP 16-14) and surface scatter. Ten
delineation tests were placed around the surface scatter following existing transects. All delineation tests
were negative for cultural material (Figure 4.68-4.69). A typical shovel test profile consists of a 15-cm layer
of brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam overlaying a 50-cm layer of strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay overlaying a stratum
of red (2.5YR 4/8) clay excavated to a maximum depth of 70 crabs (Figure 4.70). The precontact artifact
assemblage includes a quartzite hammerstone (Figure 4.71) The historic artifact assemblage consists of
glass container fragments (n--3), a tableware fragment, a whiteware fragment, and a brick fragment (Figure
4.72). All artifacts were recovered from the surface. The undecorated whiteware tableware fragment dates
between 1820-2000 and two of the glass container fragments date between 1880-1918, suggesting that the
historic artifacts date to the early -nineteenth through twentieth centuries. Noted disturbances in the area
include logging and road -related activities.
Historic and modern maps and aerial photographs were inspected in order to document the presence or
absence of built features in the area of the find through time. Historic aerials from 1955 through 1973 depict
the site area as densely wooded with R Family Road visible through the tree coverage. The aerial from 1983
shows the site area has been cleared of vegetation and subsequent aerials through 1998 show increasing
vegetation in the site area. The aerial from 2002 shows a small rectangular section of land that overlaps with
the site area has been cleared of vegetation and remains cleared through all subsequent aerials (GoogleEarth
2023; NETR 2023; USGS 2023). Topographic maps from 1953 through 1972 show only the power corridor
present south of the site area. No structures are depicted in any of the available topographic maps (NETR
2023; USGS 2023).
Based on the current investigation, site 31CH1362 is a precontact isolated find and historic artifact scatter.
Given the lack of horizontal and vertical spatial patterning at the site and noted disturbances in the area, site
31 CH1362 lacks integrity. The sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage and lack of historic
structures associated with the site suggests that site 31CH1362 is unlikely to yield significant information
about precontact and historic lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1362 be listed as ineligible
for NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. TerraX recommends no further work is needed for site 31CH1362.

88 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.66. Environmental view of site 31 CH1362 from STP 16-14, facing north.
Figure 4.67. Environmental view of site 31 CH1362 from STP 16-14, facing south.

131CH1362 L r
0 Site Boundary Meters
0 Phase 1 B Project Area 0 125 250
I i i i I
Q Phase 2 Project Area
0 325 650
Feet
Source: 2023 ESRI Imagery
Figure 4.68. Topographic map of site 31 CH1362.
fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 89
O
Basemap: 1993 (1999 ed.) Moncure, NC
USGS 7.5' Series Topographic Quadrangle
i
J
_ 31CH1362_a
TERRAX ,ram

90 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.69. Site detail map for site 31 CHI 362.

fTERRAXPLORATIONS - 91
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h
� A
;,Y-< s• ,,.tea mac! _ .a�
Figure 4.70. Photograph of delineation shovel test S at site 31 CH1362.
Figure 4.71. Photograph of a quartzite hammerstone recovered from site 31 CH1362.

92 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Figure 4.72. Photograph of (a) an undecorated ironstone tableware fragment, (b) an
undecorated whiteware tableware fragment, (c) an aqua glass container body fragment with
mold seams, and (d) a solarized amethyst glass container body fragment recovered from site
31 CH1362.

V. SIGNIFICANCE AND EVALUATIONS
TerraXplorations, Inc. (TerraX), of Plaquemine, Louisiana, under contract with VinFast Manufacturing US,
LLC (VinFast), performed a Phase I cultural resources survey for a new vehicle factory associated with
Project Blue in Chatham County, North Carolina in compliance with federal and state regulations. The
Phase I survey was performed from February 6 and February 24, 2023, by Chris Rivers, Cory Rice, Kevin
Rolph, and Kevin Rowland under the direction of Paul D. Jackson and Steven Filoromo, Principal
Investigators. The primary purpose of the survey was to locate and evaluate the eligibility of any
archaeological resources (artifacts or features >50 years old) within the survey area for nomination to the
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The Phase I survey led to the identification of eight newly
recorded archaeological sites, 3 1 CHI 3 55-3 1 CH 1362, within the survey area.
Site 31CH1355 is a low -density precontact and historic artifact scatter. Artifacts found at the site include
historic unglazed tableware fragments and precontact lithic debitage. The artifacts were recovered from the
surface. The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site and the noted disturbances in the
area suggest that site 31CH1357 lacks integrity. Due to the low -density nature of the artifact assemblage,
the lack of diagnostic artifacts, and the lack of structures/features associated with the site, site 31CH1355
lacks the potential to answer archaeological research questions. As such, TerraX recommends site 31 CH 1355
be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion. No further work is needed for site 31CH1355.
Site 31CH1356 is a precontact isolated find. The site is represented by a debitage flake recovered from
Stratum I (5-10 cmbs). The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site, in addition to the
noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CH1356 lacks integrity. However, the western portion
of site 31CH1356 was unable to be fully delineated due to survey area constraints. Therefore, TerraX
recommends site 31 CHI 356's NRHP eligibility be listed as unknown under Criterion D. TerraX recommends
any portion of site 31CH1356 extending outside of the project area be designated an environmentally
sensitive area and avoided by ground -disturbing activities associated with the project construction through
the placement of orange barrier fencing.
Site 31CH1357 is a low -density precontact artifact scatter. The site is represented by shatter recovered from
Stratum II (10-20 cmbs). The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site, in addition to the
noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CH1357 lacks integrity. Due to the sparse and non -
diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage, site 31CH1357 lacks the potential to answer archaeological
research questions. As such, TerraX recommends site 31 CH1357 be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion
under Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1357.
Site 31CH1358 is a precontact isolated find. The artifact assemblage, a granite groundstone, was recovered
from Stratum I (0-30 cmbs). The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site, in addition to
the noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CH1358 lacks integrity. Due to the sparse and non -
diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage, site 31CH1358 lacks the potential to answer archaeological
research questions. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1358 be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion
under Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1358.
Site 31 CH 1359 is a precontact isolated find. The artifact assemblage is composed of a quartzite hammerstone
recovered from the surface. The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site, in addition to
the noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CH1359 lacks integrity. Due to the sparse and non -
diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage, site 31CH1359 lacks the potential to answer archaeological
research questions. As such, TerraX recommends site 31 CH1359 be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion
under Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1359.

94 - Phase 1 Archaeological Survey
Site 31CH1360 is a low -density precontact artifact scatter. The artifact assemblage consists of two debitage
flakes recovered from Stratum I (20 cmbs). The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site,
in addition to the noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CH1360 lacks integrity. Due to the
sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage, site 31CH1360 lacks the potential to answer
archaeological research questions. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1360 be listed as ineligible for
NRHP inclusion under Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1360.
Site 31CH1361 is a precontact isolated find. The artifact assemblage consists of a unimarginal flake tool
recovered from the surface. The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site, in addition to
the noted disturbances in the area, suggests that site 31CHI 361 lacks integrity. Due to the sparse and non -
diagnostic nature of the artifact assemblage, site 31CH1361 is unlikely to yield significant information
about precontact lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1361 be listed as ineligible for NRHP
inclusion under Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1361.
Site 31CH1362 is a precontact isolated find and historic artifact scatter. The historic artifact assemblage
consists of glass container fragments, a tableware fragment, a whiteware fragment, and a brick fragment.
The precontact artifact assemblage includes a quartzite hammerstone. All artifacts were recovered from the
surface. The lack of vertical and horizontal spatial patterning at the site and the noted disturbance in the area
suggests that site 31CH1362 lacks integrity. Due to the sparse and non -diagnostic nature of the artifact
assemblage, site 31CH1362 is unlikely to yield significant information about precontact and historic
lifeways. As such, TerraX recommends site 31CH1362 be listed as ineligible for NRHP inclusion under
Criterion D. No further work is needed for site 31CH1362.

VII. REFERENCES
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2002 Ecoregions of North Carolina and South Carolina: Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map
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Hume, Ivor N.
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Kovel, Ralph, and Terry Kovel
1986 Kovels' New Dictionary of Marks: Pottery and Porcelain, 1850 to the Present. Crown Publishers,
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Lefler, Hugh Talmage and Albert Ray Newsome
1963 North Carolina: The History of a Southern State. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Mattson, Richard
1988 The Evolution of Raleigh's African American Neighborhoods in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Survey
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2006 Chatham County. NCpedia, https://www.ncpedia.org/geography/chatham, accessed April 2023.
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1988 Late Pleistocene Human Adaptations in Eastern North America. Journal of World History 2(1):1-52.
Nationwide Environmental Title Research (NETR)
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ment, http://www.nps.gov/nr/research/, accessed April 2023.

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Nelson, Lee H.
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2014 Seeking Our Past: An Introduction to North American Archaeology. Oxford University Press, New
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gies, Technical Reports, and Curation. North Carolina Department of Natural & Cultural Resources.
Oliver, Billy L.
1985 Tradition and Typology: Basic Elements of the Carolina Projectile Point Sequence. In Structure
and Process in Southeastern Archaeology, edited by Roy S. Dickens Jr. and H. Trawick Ward, pp.
195-211. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
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2014 Archaeological survey and deep testing at the Shearon Harris Reservoir Wake and Chatham Coun-
ties, North Carolina. Prepared for Duke Energy, Raleigh, North Carolina. Prepared by New South
Associates, Greensboro, North Carolina. Bibliography No. 07211.
Phillips, Laura A.W.
1993 Historic Structures Survey, North Carolina Low -Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility Project
in Wake and Chatham Counties, North Carolina. ER 93-8764. Prepared by Laura A.W. Phillips,
Architectural Historian to Law Engineering, Inc. Bibliography No. ER 90-7466.
Powell, William S.
1989 North Carolina through Four Centuries. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
2006 Regulator Movement. Electronic Document, https://www.ncpedia.org/history/colonial/regulator-
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Richardson, Gregory A.
2005 American Indian Tribes in North Carolina. Electronic document, https://www.ncpedia.org/tribes,
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2017 Archaeological Investigations at the Valley Towns Baptist Mission (310E661). North Carolina
Archaeology 66:1-26.
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Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
Schulz, Peter D., Rebecca Allen, Bill Lindsey, and Jeanette K. Schulz (editors)
2016 Baffle Marks and Pontil Scars: A Reader on Historic Bottle Identification. Special Publication Series
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Shamlin, Jim
1992 The Tuscarora War. North Carolina Literary Review l(1):68.
Sivilich, Daniel M.
2016 Musket Ball and Small Shot Identification: A Guide. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
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2023 Web Soil Survey, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department ofAgriculture.
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and Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Stewart -Abernathy, Leslie
1986 Urban Farmsteads: Household Responsibilities and the City. Historical Archaeology 20(2):5-15.
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1989 Raised up in hard times: Factors affecting material culture on Upland Piedmont Farmsteads, circa
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1971 Bottle Makers and their Marks. Thomas Nelson, Inc., New York.
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2023b topoView. Electronic document, https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoviewer/viewer, Web accessed April,
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Vlach, John Michael
1995 "Snug Li'l House with Flue and Oven": Nineteenth -Century Reforms in Plantation Slave Housing.
Perspectives from Vernacular Architecture 5:118-129.
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1999 Time Before History: The Archaeology ofNorth Carolina. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel
Hill.
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1992 Cultural Resources Assessment for Wake/Chatham Potentially Suitable Site North Carolina Low -
Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility in Wake and Chatham Counties, North Carolina. Prepared
for Chem -Nuclear Systems, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina. Prepared by Law Environmental, Inc.,
Kennesaw, Georgia. Bibliography No. 03151.
Wendland, Wayne M., and Reid A. Bryson
1974 Dating Climatic Episodes of the Holocene. Quaternary Research 4(1):9-24.
Wetmore,Ruth Y.
1975 First on the Land: The North Carolina Indians. J. F. Blair, Durham.
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2000 Creating Freedom: Material Culture and American Identity at Oakley Plantation, 1840-1950.
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1984 A Study of the Late Prehistoric, Protohistoric, and Historic Indians of the Carolina and Virginia
Piedmont: Structure, Process, and Ecology. Ph.D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Uni-
versity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

APPENDIX A:
CURATION AGREEMENT

Governor Roy Cooper
Secretary Susi H. Hamilton
Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
Division of Historical Resources
Incoming Collections Information
Office of State Archaeology
John J. Mintz, State Archaeologist
All collections submitted for curation must be in acid -free archival boxes measuring 10"x12.5"x15". Curation
charges are $200 per square foot, or $220 a box. Half boxes may be submitted for paper documentation or for
smaller sites. All checks should be made out to the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA) and should
be given to Dee Nelms with delivery, or mailed to:
Dee Nelms
4619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4619
All artifacts must be cleaned, accessioned, and packaged in 4-mil polyethylene bags organized by provenience.
Relevant paperwork must accompany the collections, including: box and artifact inventories, archaeological site
forms, ownership documentation, field records, and digital photographs. For more details please refer to the
OSA's curation standards within the Archeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines available on the OSA's
website or at https://files.nc.gov/dncr-arch/OSA Guidelines Dec2017.pdf. Any questions may be referred to
Emily McDowell [e-mail] or Lindsay Ferrante at [e-mail].
Submitted by: Mark Donop Phone:
Agency: TerraXplorations, Inc. Email: [e-mail]
Project name: project Blue Address: 3120 University Boulevard East
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35404
Source: Federal❑ State❑ Consultant* Gift❑ Local❑ Private❑ Museum[]
Are these collections an NCDOT sponsored project? Yes No*
How many total boxes? Full: 1 Half:
Payment Method? By mail: El With delivery:* Fees Waived:❑
Do these sites have NC OSA Site and Accession Numbers?
Sites: 31CH1355, 31CH1356, 31CH1357, 31CH1358, 31CH1359, 31CH1360, 31CH1361, and 31CH1362
Accessions: 2022.148, 2022.157, and 2022.158

APPENDIX B:
ARTIFACT INVENTORY

Artifact Inventory List
J-te # Location Artifact Description Count Weight/g Access #
31 CH1356 (2023.0075)
TR9 STI - Strut I - 5-10 cmbs
Bag # 9
Debitage (fire affected 1" silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake) 1 22.7 2022.148.1
Location Total 1
Site Total 1
HCH1355 (2023.0074)
TR35 ST6 (SE) - Surface
Bag # 2
unglazed porcelain tableware fragment 2 54.5 2022.157.1
Location Total 2
TR37 ST5 (NE) - Surface
Bag # 3
Debitage (1" silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake) 1 24 2022.157.11
Debitage (1/2" silicified breccia/greenstone whole flake) 1 5.1 2022.157.10
Location Total 2
TR37 ST6 (SE) - Surface
Bag # 1
Debitage (1/2" silicified breccia/greenstone proximal flake) 1 1.9 2022.157.9
Location Total 1
Site Total 5
31 CH1357 (2023.0076)
TR30 ST19 - Strat H -10-20 cmbs
Bag # 7
Debitage (1/2" quartzite angular shatter) 2 25 2022.157.17
Debitage (1/4" quartz angular shatter) 1 1.5 2022.157.15
Debitage (1/4" quartzite angular shatter) 1 1.2 2022.157.16
Location Total 4
Site Total 4
31 CH1358 (2023.0077)
TR30 ST9 - Strat I - 0-30 cmbs
Bag # 4
Tool (1" granite groundstone) 1 907.2 2022.157.12
Location Total 1
Site Total 1
Thursday, May 04, 2023 Page 1 of 2

Site # Location Artifact DescriptiW
31 CH1359 (2023.0078)
Btwn TR20 ST18 & TR20 ST17 - Surface
Bag # 5
Tool (1" quartzite hammerstone)
HCH1362 (2023.0081)
Surface Collection - Surface
Bag # 13
aqua glass container body fragment with mold seams
machine made brick fragment
solarized amethyst glass container body fragment
undecorated ironstone tableware fragment
undecorated whiteware tableware fragment
TR18 STI S (5m S) - Surface
Bag # 6
solarized amethyst glass container body fragment
Tool (1" quartzite hammerstone)
I
Location Total
Site Total
Location Total
Location Total
Site Total
31 CH1360 (2023.0079)
TR8 ST17 - Strat I - 20 curbs
Bag # 12
Debitage (1 /2" quartz whole flake)
Debitage (1/2" silicified breccia/greenstone proximal flake)
Location Total
Site Total
31 CH1361 (2023.0080)
TR36 ST24 (5m E) - Surface
Bag # 11
Tool (1" tuff unimarginal flake tool)
■ Location Total
Site Total
Count Weight/g Access #
1 544.3 2022.157.13
1
1
1 2.3
2022.157.7
1 131.7
2022.157.6
1 0.5
2022.157.8
1 9.5
2022.157.4
1 1.7
2022.157.5
5
1 1.7 2022.157.2
1 362.9 2022.157.14
2
7
1 7.3 2022.158.4
1 5.4 2022.158.3
2
2
1 16.8 2022.158.2
1
1
Thursday, May 04, 2023 Page 2 of 2

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APPENDIX C:
CURRICULUM VITAE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

irTERRAXPLoRATJONs
Leading the yuture in Recording .America's Past
www.TerraXplorations.com Paul D. lackson
3523 181h Ave NE, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35406 • [phone]
[e-mail]
Founder and Co Owner
EDUCATION TerraXplorations, Inc.
Master of Arts in Anthropology (with an emphasis in archaeology), 1996
Thesis "An Examination of Late Woodland Features in the Tombigbee, Black Warrior, and
Tennessee River Valleys"
Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology, Geology Minor, 1993
BACKGROUND SYNOPSIS
Paul D. Jackson has over twenty-nine years of experience in the field of archaeological and Cultural
Resource Management. He has participated in thousands of cultural resource projects. Mr. Jackson
received his M.A. and B.A. in Anthropology from The University of Alabama. Prior to founding TerraX,
Mr. Jackson was Vice President and regional manager for Panamerican Consultants, Inc. southeastern
region.
Mr. Jackson has a specialized focus on the Prehistory of Alabama, particularly the northwestern
region of the state. Since college, he has studied and published on the transition period of peoples
from Woodland to Mississippian cultures in northwest Alabama. In 2021, Mr. Jackson led an
excavation of a large Paleoindian to Mississippi component site in Florence, Alabama, for the County
Road 16, Cypress Creek bridge replacement project for the Lauderdale County Engineering
Department, and the Alabama Department of Transportation.
Mr. Jackson also has facilitated Native American Consultations between Alabama, Georgia, Florida,
Mississippi, and Oklahoma National Guards, as well as between Fort Benning Military Reservation,
Georgia, and the members of the Federally Recognized Tribes with interests in those states. He has
12 training hours on the Identification and Management of Traditional Cultural Places in Atlanta,
Georgia, taught by the National Preservation Institute. He has also attended two "To Bridge a Gap"
conferences hosted in Oklahoma by Tribal Nations to help Federal agencies and Federally Recognized
Tribes come together and build a better working relationship with each other and the resources they
help manage.
April2012 to present
Founder and Co Owner, TerraXplorations, Inc.
Mr. Jackson is responsible for all archaeological projects in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. Duties
include being project manager and principal investigator, archaeological work, preparation of final
reports, proposal writing and bid documents, and staff assignments.
❖ Oversaw three-year IDIQ with Fort Benning Military Reservation
❖ Managed 45 personnel including, 6 archaeologists, 3 architectural historians, 3 historians, 1
editor, 3 geographic information system technicians, 5 laboratory staff, 3 office staff, and 21
field directors, crew chiefs and technicians.
TerraXplora tions, Inc. Paul D. Jackson

❖ Conducted and/or managed Phase I, Phase II, and Monitoring of numerous projects in
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
2001 to 2012
Vice President, Panamerican Consultants Inc.
❖ Responsibilities include oversight of the Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Kentucky, South
Carolina, and North Carolina operations. Duties include direction of project managers and
principal investigators, archaeological work, preparation of final reports, write proposals and
bid documents, staff assignments, and all operations pertaining to archaeological resource
management in the states listed above.
❖ Oversaw three major contracts for the Alabama Department of Transportation; a 5-year IDIQ
with Fort Benning Military Reservation; and 2-year IDIQ with the Florida Forest Service.
❖ In the last five years oversaw, managed, and conducted some of the field work over 200 Phase
II investigations and 42 historic and prehistoric archaeological mitigations at Fort Benning.
❖ Managed 25 personnel including, 8 archaeologists, 1 architectural historian, 1 historian, 1
editor,1 geographic information system technician,1 draftsperson, 3 lab technicians, 3 office
staff, and 6 field technicians.
PUBLICATION LIST (SELECTED)
Ross, Butz, Paul D. Jackson, Laura Weingartner, Raychel Durdin, and Sharlene O'Donnell
2022 Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of Site 1LU528 in Lauderdale County, Alabama. Project
was conducted for the Lauderdale County Engineering Department. Project prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Tidwell, Jonathan, Paul D. Jackson, Raychel Durdin, Laura Weingartner, Sharlene O'Donnell, and Kevin
Rolph
2022 Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of Site 40CH210 in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Project
conducted for Parking Tower Company. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D., Sharlene O'Donnell, Kevin Rolph, Raychel Durdin, Brad Lanning, and Natalia Moonier
2022 Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of the Point Pleasant Site (I6IV199) in Iberville Parish,
Louisiana. Project conducted for Shintech Louisiana, LLC. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc.,
Baton Rouge.
Jackson, Paul D., Katherine Seeber, Brad Lanning, Jesse Jenkins, Steve Filoromo, and Emma Pepperman
2021 Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of the Dunboyne Sugar Mill, 16IV204, Iberville Parish,
Louisiana. Project conducted for Shintech Louisiana, LLC. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc.,
Baton Rouge.
Pearce, Kenny, Paul D. Jackson, Steven Filoromo, Jesse Jenkins, Raychel Durdin, and Katherine Seeber
2021 Phase II Archaeological Testing and Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of Site 16SJ80, the St.
Amelia Plantation — Main House Complex, St. James Parish, Louisiana. Project conducted for South
Louisiana Methanol LP. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
TerraXplorations,Inc. Paul D. Jackson

Seeber, Katherine, Paul D. Jackson, Abigail Pepples, and Lauren Patterson
2021 Phase I and Expanded Phase Ilnvestigations for the Proposed Pump Station in Donaldsonville,
Louisiana. Project conducted for Stantec Engineering, New Orleans. Project prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
Pepples, Abigail, Paul D. Jackson, and Kay McKenna
2019 Management Summary for Phase II Archaeological Testing and Evaluation of Site 16SJ80, St.
James Parish, Louisiana. Project conducted for Southern Louisiana Methanol, Slidell. Project
prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
2019 Archaeological Monitoring and Mechanical Stripping of the Acadia and Buena Vista
Cemeteries, St. James Parish, Louisiana. Project conducted for FG LA LC and Providence
Engineering, Baton Rouge. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
Pearce, Kenny, Shanda Davidson, and Paul D. Jackson
2019 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed AGLC Cumming to Hall Pipeline Project,
Forsyth, Dawson, Lumpkin, and Hall Counties, Georgia. Project conducted for Pond and Company,
Peachtree Corners. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
Pearce, Kenny, Amy Spurling Gatenbee, Shanda Davidson, and Paul D. Jackson
2019 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed Pottsville Line B Enable Pipeline Reroute
Project, Pope County, Arkansas. Prepared for Providence Engineering and Environmental Group,
LLC. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
West, Shaun E., Kelsey Johnson and Paul D. Jackson
2018 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed Texola Pipeline Project, Panola and
Harrison Counties, Texas. Project conducted for Providence Engineering, Baton Rouge. Project
prepared by Terraxploration, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D. and Kelsey Johnson
2018 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Town of Sumner Water System Improvements,
Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. Prepared for Gardner Engineering. Prepared by TerraXplorations,
Inc., Tuscaloosa
West, Shaun E. and Paul D. Jackson
2018 Phase I Archaeological Survey of SR 26 at the Ohoopee River, Emanuel and Johnson Counties,
Georgia (PI#0013748). Project conducted for Atkins North America and the Georgia Department of
Transportation. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D., Shaun E. West, Kenny Pearce, and Amy Carruth
2018 A Phase I Archaeological Survey of SR 171 at Battle Ground Creek, Johnson County, Georgia.
Project conducted for Atkins North America and the Georgia Department of Transportation. Project
prepared by TerraXplorations, Tuscaloosa.
West, Shaun E., and Paul D. Jackson
2018 A Phase I Archaeological Survey of SR 29 at Pughes Creek, Laurens County, Georgia
(PI#0013749). Project conducted for Atkins North America and the Georgia Department of
Transportation. Project prepared by TerraXplorations, Tuscaloosa.
TerraXplorations,Inc. Paul D. Jackson

Jackson, Paul D., Lori O'Neal, Amy Carruth, and Shanda Davidson
2017 Phase II Cultural Resources Testing at the Gold Mine Plantation in Edgard, St. John the Baptist
Parish, Louisiana. Project conduct for Ramboll Environ, New Orleans. Prepared by TerraXplorations,
Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D., Kelsey Johnson and Amy Carruth
2017 A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed Thornberry Development Project,
Madison County, Mississippi. Project prepared for Headwaters. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc.,
Tuscaloosa.
2017 A Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed Atmos Energy High Pressure Pipeline Project
near Pheba Clay County, Mississippi. Project prepared for Headwaters, Jackson. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 A Phase I Cultural Resource Survey of 6,100 ft. for the AM-152 Pipeline Reroute, Arkansas.
Project conducted for Providence Engineers, Baton Rouge. Prepared for Providence Engineering,
Baton Rouge. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 Phase I cultural resources survey of five segments for the Exxon AC Mitigation Project in
Ascension, Iberville, and West Baton Rouge Parishes, Louisiana. Prepared for Matrix New World
Engineering, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 Phase I cultural resource survey for proposed 38,964 feet of bicycle lanes along John Findlay
Drive and Terrace Drive within Oak Mountain State Park, Shelby County, Alabama. Prepared for
Barge Waggoner Sumner and Cannon, Birmingham, Alabama. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc.,
Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 Archaeological Monitoring Investigation near the Hunt Cemetery within the proposed Northwest
Georgia Expansion Pipeline Project in Paulding County, Georgia. Project conducted for Woodard
and Curran, Atlanta, Georgia. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 Management Summary for a Phase I cultural resource survey of 5 miles along State Road 15,
Sandersville, Georgia. Prepared for AECOM, Atlanta, Georgia. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc.,
Tuscaloosa.
Lowery, Jonathan, Paul D. Jackson, Kenny Pearce
2016 Phase I cultural resource survey of 11 miles along State Road 11, Georgia. Prepared for
AECOM, Atlanta, Georgia. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Carruth, Amy and Paul D. Jackson
2016 Phase II level archaeological investigation of Site 15PD39 located in Pendleton County,
Kentucky. Prepared for Trileaf, St. Louis, Missouri. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
Jackson, Paul D.
2016 Phase I cultural resource survey of 25 miles along State Road 20, Cumming, Georgia. Prepared
for AECOM, Atlanta, Georgia. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa.
TerraXplorations,Inc. Paul D. Jackson

r4oTERRAXPLORATIONS
leading the future in Recording America's Past
Plaquemine, LA • [phone]
Principal Investigator
niversity of Alabama
Master of Arts in Anthropology
Research Concentration: Coastal US Southeast, Historical Archaeology, Geophysics,
Compositional Analysis, Late Mississippian/Early Contact Archaeology
Thesis: Snow's Bend and the Landscapes of the Moundville Chiefdom: A Multi -Method
Geophysical Survey
niversity of Alabama at Birmingham
Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology, Minor in Public History, cum Laude
Research Concentration: Coastal US Southeast, Historical Archaeology
>teve Filoromo's experience consists of working in both field and laboratory settings for
)oth academic research and cultural resource management. Steve's research generally
ocuses on labor and landscapes through an anthropological lens using elemental,
;eophysical, and ethnographic data. Steve's specialties consist of geophysical and remote
;ensing methods, including the use of electrical resistance, electrical resistivity tomography,
nduced polarization, magnetic gradiometry, and ground -penetrating radar. Steve has
employed his geophysical expertise at a variety of sites, most notably at historic plantations
ind cemeteries in the Atlantic coastal US Southeast and Gulf of Mexico in search of
iomespaces and labor landscapes for enslaved peoples. Steve also has extensive experience
vorking collaboratively with certified local governments (CLG) in National Register
iddendums and assessments, as well as experience in conducting archaeological and
;eophysical research for compliance with Section 106 and 408 actions at Phase I, II, and III
nvestigations. Additionally, Steve is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA ID:
>327).
er 2022 to Current
Xplorations, Inc. - Principal Investigator
ay2022 to Current
�rraXplorations, Inc. - Director of Geoarchaeology and Geophysics
ne 2020 to May 2022
�rraXplorations, Inc. - Historical Archaeologist

August 2019 to May 2020
City of Birmingham, Alabama; Sloss Furnaces National Historic Landmark, Public
Historian/Archaeologist
August 2019 to May 2020
Homewood Historic Preservation Commission, Archaeologist
RECENT PUBLICATION LIST (SELECTED)
IN PROGRESS:
Filoromo, Steven. Sugarscapes and Waterways in Louisiana: Archaeological Investigations
at Dunboyne and Germania Plantations, Louisiana
Filoromo, Steven, Elliot H. Blair. Taskscapes and Homespace on Nineteenth -Century
Creighton Island, GA.
Filoromo, Steven J., Elliot H. Blair, Christina Friberg. Beyond the Summit: Multi -Method
Geophysical Investigations at Snow's Bend Village (1 TU2/3), Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
2023
Jackson, Paul, and Steven Filoromo. Phase II Archaeological Testing of Site 16IV209, Iberville
Parish, Louisiana. Prepared for Shintech Plaquemine Plant, Plaquemine, LA. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Baton Rouge, LA.
Filoromo, Steven. Historic Landscapes of the Bruslie Plantation (16AN36). Prepared for C&K
Consulting, Baton Rouge, LA. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Baton Rouge, LA.
Filoromo, Steven. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey for the Scales Gravesite, Tuscaloosa,
Alabama. Prepared for Thompson Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL. Prepared by TerraXplorations,
Tuscaloosa, AL.
Filoromo, Steven, and Samantha Stanford. A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the
Richardsontown Revitalization Project in Washington Parish, Louisiana. Prepared for Bogalusa
Rebirth, on Behalf of the Louisiana Housing Corporation, Bogalusa, LA. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Baton Rouge, LA.
Stanford, Samantha, and Steven Filoromo. A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Gator
Express Meter Staging and Parking Project in Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. Prepared

for Edge Engineering and Science, LLC, Houston, Texas. Prepared by TerraXplorations, Baton
Rouge, LA.
Filoromo, Steven. Management Summary for Geophysical Investigations at the Baynham Kiln
Site (38ED221), within the Horse Creek Cultural Heritage Preserve, Edgefield County, South
Carolina. Prepared for the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Cultural Heritage
Trust.
Stanford, Samantha, Steven Filoromo, Briane Shane, and Heather Draskovich. A Phase I
Cultural Resources Survey for the Expanded Germania Plantation Site in Ascension Parish,
Louisiana. Prepared for CSRS on behalf of the Baton Rouge Area Chamber, Baton Rouge, LA.
Prepared by TerraXplorations, Baton Rouge, LA.
Southard, Elizabeth, Terry Barbuor, Steven Filoromo, and Anthony Boucher. Management
Summary for a Phase I Archaeological Survey of SR 30 at Hodgeville Road, GDOT PI No.
0018023, Chatham County, GA. Prepared for Atkins on the behalf of GDOT. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Tampa, FL.
Filoromo, Steven. A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Community of North Evangeline
(CONE) Can Man II Project in Ville Platte, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana. Prepared for Jasmine
Consulting, LLC, on behalf of the Louisiana Housing Corporation, Ville Platte, LA. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Baton Rouge, LA.
West, Shaun, Martin Menz, and Steven Filoromo. Magnetometry at Spring Warrior (8TA154),
Taylor County, Florida. Prepared for the Aucilla Research Institute and the Florida Museum of
Natural History, Gainesville, FL.
2022
Filoromo, Steven J., Paul Jackson, & Kenny Pearce
Data -Recovery Excavations at the St. Amelia Plantation Main House Complex (16SJ80), St.
James Louisiana. Newsletter of the Louisiana Archaeological Society 50(3): 6-11
Filoromo, Steven, Sharlene O'Donnell, Paul Jackson, Joanna Klein, Wade Tidwell, mike
Eichstaedt, Raychel Durdin, Kevin Rolph. Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of the Trinity Site
(40CH210), Cheatham County, Tennessee. Prepared for Parker Towing Company, Northport, AL.
Prepared by TerraXplorations, Inc., Tuscaloosa, AL.
Filoromo, Steven, Elizabeth Southard

Geophysical Investigation at the Thomasville Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia. Project conducted by
TerraXplorations, Inc.
Filoromo, Steven, Elizabeth Southard
Addendum: Geophysical Investigations at McDonald Family Cemetery, Atalnta, GA. Project
conducted by TerraXplorations, Inc. Project conducted for ARCADIS on behalf of Georgia
Department of Transportation.
Stanford, Samantha, Steven Filoromo, Annabelle Koeber, David Dobbs. A Phase I Cultural
Resources Survey for the Joor Rd Residential Project in Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish,
Louisiana. Prepared for Clean Environmental, Baton Rouge, LA. Prepared by TerraXplorations,
Inc, Baton Rouge, LA.
Smith, April K., Steven Filoromo, David Dobbs, Margaret Schultz, and Alexis Muschal
A Historical and Archaeological Technical Report for the Proposed Relocation of the McGhee
Family Cemetery in Durham and Wake Counties, North Carolina. Report prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc. Report prepared for Scanell Properties.
Filoromo, Steven,
Phase I Cultural Resources Survey within the Shintech Railcar Storage Yard Extension, Iberville
Parish, LA. Project conducted by TerraXplorations, Inc.
Schultz, Margaret, Steven Filoromo
A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Germania Plantation Site in Ascension Parish,
Louisiana. Project conducted by TerraXplorations, Inc.
Jackson, Paul, Margaret Schultz, and Steven Filoromo.
An Expanded Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the Van McMurray Playground in Orleans
Parish, Louisiana. Prepared for Materials Management Group, New Orleans. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc, Baton Rouge.
Plattner, Alain; Steven Filoromo; & Elliot Blair.
Multi -Method Geophysical Investigation at Snow's Bend, A Mississippian Platform Mound.
Archaeological Prospection.
Filoromo, Steven.
Homogeneity Analysis of Archaeological Glass Reference Standards in the Southeastern
Archaeology Lab, niversity of Alabama. On file in Southeastern Archaeology Lab, University of
Alabama, PI: Elliot Blair, Ph.D.

Lanning, Bradley, Shaun West, Briane Shane, and Steven Filoromo.
Phase II Cultural Resources Assessment of the Rienzi Sugarcane I Site (I6LF314), Lafourche
Parish, Louisiana. Prepared for Bayou Community Academy, Thibodaux. Prepared by
TerraXplorations, Inc, Baton Rouge.
Pearce, Kenny, Paul D. Jackson, Steven Filoromo, Jesse Jenkins, Raychel Durdin, and
Katherine Seeber.
Phase II Archaeological Testing and Phase Ili Archaeological Mitigation of Site 16SJ80, The St.
Amelia Plantation - Main House Complex, St. James Parish, Louisiana. Project conducted for
South Louisiana Methanol, LP. Project Performed by TerraXplorations, Inc.
2021
Jackson, Paul and Steven Filoromo.
Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of the Dunboyne Plantation Sugarhouse (16IV204).
Newsletter of the Louisiana Archaeological Society, 49(1), 12-17.
Filoromo, Steven, Kenny Pearce, and Briane Shane.
A Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the Proposed SR 22 Bridge Replacement Project in
Wadley, Randolph County, Alabama. Project conducted for AECOM. Project Performed by
TerraXplorations, Inc.
Randall, Katie, Will Womack, Steven Filoromo, and Williams Blackstock Architects.
Union Missionary Baptist Church: Historic Structure Report. Project was conducted for
Homewood Historic Preservation Commission, Alabama. Project performed by Afore
Preservation Consulting, Florence.
Pearce, Kenny and Steven Filoromo.
A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for the Proposed Clay Solar Tract Substations and Access
Road, Clay County, GA. Project was conducted for Silicon Ranch, Nashville. Project performed
by TerraXplorations, Inc. Alexander City.
Jackson, Paul D., Steven Filoromo, Brad Lanning, Katherine Seeber, Jessi Jenkins, and Emma
Pepperman.
Phase III Archaeological Mitigation of the Dunboyne Sugar Mill, 16IV204, Iberville Parish,
Louisiana. Project was conducted for Shintech Louisiana, LLC, Plaquemine. Project performed
by TerraXplorations, Inc., Baton Rouge.
PRESENTATIONS (CONFERENCE & INVITED)
2023

Filoromo, Steven, and Elliot Blair.
TIMBER! Industry, Movement, and Changing Spaces on Late 19`h-Century Sapelo Sound, GA.
Paper presented at Society for Historical Archaeology annual conference, January 4-7, 2023.
Lisbon, Portugal. In symposium: Port of Call: Archaeologies of Labor and Movement Through
Ports, organized by Chelsea Cohen and Steven Filoromo.
Jackson, Paul D., and Steven Filoromo.
A River Runs Through It: Archaeology Along the Lower Mississippi River in Southern Louisiana.
Paper presented at Society for Historical Archaeology annual conference, January 4-7, 2023.
Lisbon, Portugal. In symposium: Port of Call: Archaeologies of Labor and Movement Through
Ports, organized by Chelsea Cohen and Steven Filoromo.
Filoromo, Steven J.; Paul D. Jackson; Raychel Durdin; Margaret Schultz. Personal Landscapes
and the "Hazardous" Homeplaces of Van McMurray Playground (16OR752), New Orleans, LA.
Paper to be presented at Louisiana Archaeological Society Annual Meeting, February 2023,
Alexandria, LA.
Martens, Vibeke; Bonnie Newson; Elinor Graham; Sara Ayers -Rigsby; Lindsey Cochran; Louise
Barker; Steven Filoromo; Lisbeth Iversen; Daniel Zwick. Society for Historical Archaeology
annual conference, January 4-7, 2023. Lisbon, Portugal. In Forum: International Approaches to
Heritage at Risk. Organized by Jennifer Jones and Sarah Miller.
Klein, Joanna, Michael Eichstaedt; & Steven Filoromo. Spatial Analysis of Lithic and Ceramic
Artifacts at a Multi -Component Middle Cumberland Site (40CH210). Paper to be presented at
Current Research in Tennessee Archaeology (CRITA), January 2023. Nashville, TN.
Filoromo, Steven J., Paul D. Jackson, and Kenny Pearce.
Personal Practice: Adornment and Personal Goods from the St. Amelia Plantation, St. James
Parish, Louisiana. Paper to be presented at the Society for American Archaeological Annual
Conference, Portland, OR.
Rolph, Kevin, Steven Filoromo, & Paul Jackson. Feasting in the Fishers' Village. Paper to be
presented at Louisiana Archaeological Society Annual Meeting, February 2023, Alexandria, LA.
Moonier, Natalia, Paul Jackson, & Steven Filoromo. Filling the Gaps in Everyday Experiences:
Point Pleasant and the Coles Creek Period in Louisiana. Paper to be presented at Louisiana
Archaeological Society Annual Meeting, February 2023, Alexandria, LA.
2022
Filoromo, Steven, Elliot Blair, and Christina Friberg.
Snow's Bend and the Landscapes of the Moundville Chiefdom: A Multi -Method Geophysical
Survey. Paper presented at Southeastern Archaeological Conference, November 9-12, 2022.
Little Rock, AR. In symposium: Beyond Dwelling: (Re)Envisioning Social Landscapes in the

American Southeast, organized by Mikayla Absher, Steven Filoromo, Autumn Melby, and Tara
Skipton
Filoromo, Steven.
"New Lives for Old Data: Archaeological Science, Ethics, and Interdisciplinary Explorations in
Cultural Heritage." June 16, 2022. Guest Lecture for Archaeology Summer Internship Program,
South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), Columbia, SC (Invited by Meg
Gaillard).
Filoromo, Steven.
"Learning Through Legacy Data: Understanding Environmental Impacts to Cultural Landscapes
in the Black Warrior River Valley, AL." May 13, 2022. Guest Lecture for North American
Heritage at Risk (NAHAR), virtual (Invited by: Sarah Miller).
Filoromo, Steven, Alain Plattner, and Elliot Blair.
Building Community in Moundville' Chiefdom: New Insights from Geophysical Investigations of
the Late Mississippian Platform Mound at Snow's Bend (1 T0/3). Paper presented at the 87'
annual Society for American Archaeology Conference in Chicago, IL. March 30-April 3, 2022.
Filoromo, Steven, and Elliot Blair.
Landscapes and Lived Spaces: Preliminary Survey of an 19`h Century Enslaved and Emancipated
Community at the North End Site (9MC81), Creighton Island, GA. Poster presented at the
Society for Historical Archaeology Conference in Philadelphia, PA. January 5-8, 2022.
2021
Plattner, Alain, Steve Filoromo, and Elliot Blair.
Geophysical Investigation of a Late Mississippian Platform Mound using Time -Domain Induced
Polarization. Paper presented at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2021 in
New Orleans, LA. Dec 13-17, 2021.

H E-0006
Updated Permit Drawings
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BEGIN CONSTRUCTION SITE S
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❑ - PHASE IC CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
* - PROPOSED SIGNALS UNLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
GRAPHIC SCALES DESIGN DATA PROJECT LENGTH PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF.- HYDRAULICS ENGINEER
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PLANS LENGTH OF STRUCTURE TIP PROJECT HE-0006..............0.086 ml MICHAEL MERRITT, PE
D = 60 % TOTAL LENGTH OF TIP PROJECT HE-0006 .......................1.188 mi RIGHT OF WAY DATE: PROJECT ENGINEER P.E.
50 25 0 50 100 T = 21 % ` FEBRUARY 17, 2023 SIGNATURE:
V = 50 MPH ROADWAY DESIGN
LETTING DATE: TONY HOUSER, PE PROFILE (HORIZONTAL) (TTST 20% + DUALS 1%) APRIL 18, 2023 PROJECT DESIGN ENGINEER ENGINEER ���Q
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LATERAL 'V' DITCH
(Notto Scale) 1�
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D
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-L1BC- STA. 11+00 TO STA. 13+30 LT
-L1BC- STA. 16+75 TO STA. 18+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 30+00 TO STA. 31+00 LT
-Li BC- STA. 52+25 TO STA. 54+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 56+00 TO STA. 56+50 RT
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-Y3- STA. 10+80 TO STA. 12+45 RT
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DETAIL F
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Front
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Natural x Slope
Groundpy a� D F\oho
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-L1BC- STA.10+00 TO STA. 11+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 19+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 36+00 TO STA. 36+50 LT
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DETAIL L
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(Notto Scale)
Front
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Min. D=1.0 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 16+50 RT
-Y2- STA. 90+00 TO STA. 95+00 RT
-Y2- STA. 97+50 TO STA. 103+00 RT
-Y3- STA. 15+50 TO STA. 16+70 LT
-Y3A- STA. 10+26 TO STA. 11+00 RT
-Y3A- STA. 13+00 TO STA. 16+22 RT
-Y3A- STA. 14+77 TO STA. 16+50 LT
-Y3A- STA. 18+50 TO STA. 19+50 RT
-Y3A- STA. 19+00 TO STA. 19+40 LT
-DRI- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 17+30 LT
-DRI- STA. 20+00 TO STA. 21+00 LT
-DRI- STA. 24+50 TO STA. 25+02 LT
-DR2- STA. 10+30 TO STA. 11+00 LT
-DR2- STA. 10+30 TO STA. 11+00 RT
-DR2- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 17+50 LT
-DR2- STA. 16+50 TO STA. 17+50 RT
DETAIL R
TOE PROTECTION
(Notto Scale)
0� FILL
$nJ� SLOPE
NATURAL
GROUND d
GEOTBUILE
d= 1 Ft.
Type of Liner= CL B Rip -Rap
DETAIL B
LATERAL BASE DITCH
( Not I. Scole)
Natural
y
I _ I Fill
Ground
Slope
d�
Touts Ge.fenile
G.o 1.
B Minimum M to
mn
Min. D=1.0 Ft.
'when B is < 6.0' d= 1.0 Ft.
B= 4.0 F.
Type of Liner=
CL B Rip -Rap, Keyed -In h- 4.0 Ff.
-L1BC- STA. 15+00 TO 15+50 RT
-Yl- STA 208+00 TO 208+70 LT
DETAIL G
TOE PROTECTION
( Not to Scale)
d�e<
F\
Natural °`\$\090
Ground
d
d= 2.0 Ft.
Geofeztile
Type of Liner- CL B Rip -Rap
-L1BC- STA. 16+00 TO STA. 17+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 16+00 TO STA. 16+35 LT
-L1BC- STA. 21+20 TO STA. 25+50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 22+35 TO STA. 27+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 29+00 TO STA. 30+60 RT
-Ll BC- STA. 32 + 50 TO STA. 33 + 50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 54+60 LT TO STA. 57+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 71+60 TO STA. 72+00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+30 TO STA. 19+20 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+95 TO STA. 19+55 RT
-Yl- STA. 168+80 TO STA. 169+80 LT
-Yl- STA. 183+80 TO STA. 185+00 LT
-Y1- STA. 209+00 TO STA. 210+53 RT
-Y2RPA- STA. 25+50 TO STA. 27+35 LT
DETAIL M
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Front
arc Ditch
Natural Slope
Ground `�7 a Q\off
oyo � D
Min. D=1.5 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 33+50 TO STA. 39+32 RT
-Yl- STA. 217+00 TO STA. 219+00 LT
DETAIL S
BERM DITCH z
0 F ( Not ro Scale)
u�
6.0'
10.01V.C. D
Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
-Y2- STA. 18+25 TO STA. 22+00 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 24+00 LT
DETAIL X
SPECIAL BACK OF CURB CUT DITCH
(NOT TO SCALE)
NATURAL
GROUND
Y2LPA- STA. 12+33 TO STA. 13+48 RT
DETAIL C
TOE PROTECTION
(Net to Scale)
Natural
F\oat
Ground
x°`\$\oQe
-.{
I I d
d= 1 Ft.
b= 3 Ft.
Geofeztile
Type ofLin-
CL B Rip -Rap
-L1BC- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 18+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 19+50 TO STA. 20+00 LT
-LIBC- STA. 50+00 TO STA. 52+25 RT
-Yl- STA. 183+00 TO STA. 183+80 LT
-Yl- STA. 220+30 TO STA. 224+00 LT
-Y1RPA- STA. 15+40 TO STA. 16+65 RT
-Y1RPB- STA. 16+90 TO STA. 18+95 RT
-Y2RPB- STA. 22+49 TO STA. 25+25 RT
-Y3- STA. 13+75 TO STA. 14+75 LT
DETAIL H
LATERAL BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natural
Ground
Fill
"'') $'� lift. Slope
D
d
GEOTE7(TILE B
Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
Max. d= 1.5 Ft.
*When B is <
6.0' B= 4.0 Ft.
Type of Liner=
CL B Rip -Rap b= 5.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 15+50 TO STA. 16+15 RT
DETAIL N
STANDARD BASE DITCH
(Net to Seale)
Natural Natuol
Ground n�� Ground
d d.) D
J� Tauck Geofeztile
Geofeztile J B Minimum of 18
Detail Applies When B is < 6.0' MinryD)=3 Ft.
for Class I and II Rip -Rap;
And All Widths for Class B Rip -Rap d=2.7 Ft.
Type of Liner= Cl I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In El Ft.
-Yl- STA. 198+15 LT
BEG. ELEV.=232.0', END ELEV. 231.7', L=95', S=0.3%
-Yl- STA. 198+00 RT
BEG. ELEV-229.0', END ELEV-229.0', L=9', S=0.3%
DETAIL T
FALSE SUMP
( Not to Scale)
Outside Ditch
Traffic Flow
2'
GI
S
S=Ditch Slope
fL Proposed Ditch
-L1BC- STA. 19+50 RT
-L1BC- STA.71+97 RT
-Yl- STA. 207+12 RT
-Y2RPC- STA. 14+28 RT
DETAIL D
LATERAL BASE DITCH
(Notto Swle)
Natural
Ground 3•) D ,5.\ lift. Fill
Slope
I o I Min. D- 1.0 Ft.
4. =.J B_ 4.0 Ft.
b= 5.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 25+25 TO STA. 27+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 30+20 TO STA. 33+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 31+00 TO STA. 32+45 LT
-LIBC- STA. 33+75 TO STA. 36+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 54+50 TO STA. 56+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 87+00 TO STA. 89+50 LT
-Yl- STA. 180+00 TO STA. 181+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 196+50 TO STA. 198+20 LT
-Y1RPA- STA. 16+63 TO STA. 17+49 RT
-Y1 RPB- STA. 10+ 75 TO STA. 12 +00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. II+00 TO STA. 12+00 RT
-Y1RPB- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 18+00 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 14+68 TO STA. 16+00 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 27+31 TO STA. 28+20 LT
-Y2RPB- STA. 17+46 TO STA. 19+00 RT
-Y3- STA. 12+45 TO STA. 14+00 RT
DETAIL I
STANDARD 'V' DITCH
( Nof to Scale)
Natural Natuol
Ground
Ground
0
-L1BC- STA. 56+50 RT
BEG. ELEV.=241.0', END ELEV.=244.9', L=55', S=7.0%
-Y3- STA. 15+50 LT
BEG. ELEV-249.8', END ELEV-249.6', L=47', S=0.4%
-Yl- STA. 195+60 LT
BEG. ELEV.=245.0', END ELEV.=243.l', L=28', S=6.9%
-DRI- STA. 10+59 RT
BEG. ELEV.=262.6', END ELEV.=262.5', L=30', S=0.3%
DETAIL Y
MEDIAN V DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Shoulder Shoulder
Point Q, x Point
0
Fja�o �\mot
-Y2- STA. 28+50 TO STA. 29+50
-Y2- STA. 32+00 TO STA. 33+13 RT
DETAIL O
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
( Not to Seale)
Front
ax Ditch
NaturalA�a< Slope
Groand 3-) D F\o
Min. D=2.0 Ft.
-DR3- STA. 10+50 TO STA. 11+50 LT
-DR3- STA. 12+50 TO STA. 13+85 LT
-Yl- STA. 219+00 TO STA. 221+50 RT
DETAIL U
BERM DITCH
(Neff. Scale)
U
OF
d
5.0'
6.0'
5.0'
3.0'
NPR'
10.0' V.C.
3y
D
Tuck Geofeztile a
Geofeztile
Minimum of 1H
(TYF)
Min.
D=1.0 Ft.
Type of Liner=
CL I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In
d=1.0 Ft.
-Y2RPA- STA. 24+00 TO STA. 25+00 LT
DETAIL Z
FALSE SUMP
(Not to Scale)
DETAIL E
LATERAL BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale)
I � '
Natural
Ground 3.) D ,y. yft. Fill
Slope
I o J Min. D- 2.0 Ft.
I«B_
4.0 Ft.
b = 5.0 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 183+00 TO STA. 184+00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 18+25 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 18+06 RT
DETAIL J
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale)
Natural of Front
\ Slope
Ground d 3 J D i di Ditch
Tuck GeofsAil. a
Geot Wile B Minimum of lit fTYi
Min. D=1 Ft.
d=1 Ft.
e of Liner= B Rip -Rap, Keyed -In 11=4 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 14+00 TO STA. 15+00 RT
DETAIL P
SPECIAL LATERAL BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale)
Grouna 3.) D et Ditch
e� I� F\ Slope
I�UB Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 168+00 TO STA. 168+80 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 13+48 TO STA. 15+00 RT
DETAIL V
STANDARD BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natuml Naturel
Ground 3) D ,5.\ Ground
Min. D= 2.0 Ff. u
B= 4 Ft.
-DR3- STA. 14+00 RT
BEG. ELEV.=241.6', END ELEV.-241.0', L=42', S=1.5%
-US1 LPC- STA. 14+70 RT
BEG. ELEV.=261.8',-END ELEV.=261.4', L=110', S=0.3%
-Y1RPA- STA. 16+63 RT
BEG. ELEV.=236.3', END ELEV. 236.5', L=65', S=0.3%
-Y2- 34+27 TO 35+50 LT
BEG. ELEV. 241.0', END ELEV-239.3', L=123', S=1.4%
-Y3A- 19+40 LT
BEG. ELEV. 234.2'. END ELEV-234.0'. L=78'. S=0.3%
Outside Ditch _ ly 0•I
Tra 20:1 '1 f
GI
_ S - etc.
S=Ditch Slope Proposed Ditch
1 RM/ SHEET NO. ■
ENGINEER ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY
PERMIT DRAWING
SHEET 2 OF 29
DETAIL K
SPECIAL LATERAL 'V' DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Front
ac D'nch
Natural 3 3'� ,1\et Slope
Ground a/a D F\o
he
D= 1.0 Ft.
-LIBC- STA. 72+00 TO STA. 73+50 RT
-Yl- STA. 213+03 TO STA. 213+65 LT
-Y2- STA. 36+00 TO STA. 37+75 RT
-Y2RPC- STA. 26+50 TO STA. 26+59 LT
-Y3A- STA. 19+50 TO STA. 21+50 RT
-DRI- STA. 25+02 TO STA. 26+30 LT
DETAIL Q
SPECIAL LATERAL 'V' DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Front
ac Ditch
Natuol 3 3'� \{et Slope
Ground •Ja F\o
oyo D
Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
-Y2- STA. 37+75 TO STA. 40+80 RT
DETAIL W
LATERAL 'V' DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Natural
Ground
�- Fill
3', 1ift. Slope
d
,) D
TTuck Geotazfiloe
Geofeztile
Minimum f le
m PI
Min. D=1.5 F
d=1.5 Ft.
Type of Line-
CL I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In b=5 Ft.
-Y2RPA- STA. 25+00 TO STA. 25+65 LT
DETAIL AA
FALSE SUMP
( Not to Scale)
Median Ditch
9
(See Chart low) Be -►ram- 20' -►{ GI
�- S etc.
S=Ditch Slope 4 Proposed Ditch
-USl LPB- STA. 21+50 LT
Ditch Grade
-Yl- STA. 170+39 LT
0.0% To 2.0%
-Y2- STA. 19+46 LT
Over 2.0% To 4.0%
-Y2- STA. 22+35 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 14+20 LT
-Y2- STA. 19+68 CL
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+83 LT
-Y2- STA.28+26 CL
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+86 RT
-Y2- STA. 35+02 CL
-Y2RPA- STA. 24+50 LT
-Y2- STA. 40+88 CL
-Y2RPC- STA. 22+89 LT
-Y2- STA. 44+88 CL
-Y2- STA. 46+88 CL
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-Y2- STA. 71+94 CL Raleigh, North Carolina 27615-3960
-Y2- STA. 92+12 CL
Engineers I Construaion Managers I Planners I Scientists '
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-USl_LPC- STA. 13+31 TO STA. 15+25 RT

DETAIL AB
STANDARD BASE DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Natural
Natural
Ground
3'I 3.� Groun
D
Min. D=
1.0 Ff.
B= 2 Ft.
-Y1- STA. 208+77 RT
BEG. ELEV.=239.1',
END ELEV-239.0', L=38', S=0.3%
DETAIL AC
STANDARD BASE DITCH W/BENCH
(Notto Scale)
Natural Natural
Ground `�'I b 3 ,;� Groun
1.0' Bench / D
Min. D= SEE BELOW
B 6= SEE BELOW
b= SEE BELOW
-Y1- STA. 184+47 RT
BEG. ELEV.=223.0', END ELEV.=222.6', L=52', S=0.8%
D=2.5'. B=6'. b=10'
DETAIL AG
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(CONFLUENCE)
( Not to Scale)
Front
Exist Front
Ditch Slope
(-EY1C-)
4;1 D
o< Ditch
g� e< Slope
3.7o Flo$
oryo � D
o< Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
-Y2- STA. 103+00 TO STA. 104+50 RT
DETAIL AL
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale)
Natural of Front
Ground 3. et Ditch
I D F�°� slope
U Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 195+50 TO STA. 196+50 LT
DETAIL AD
BACK SLOPE ARMORING
I Not to Scale)
Natural y�
Ground
Ot Front
b' et Ditch
* i' jCL el 47 FYo Slope
GeoteMlle
Type d J-- CL 8 Rip -Rap - Keyed -In
-L1BC- STA. 9+92 TO STA. 10+50 RT
-Y2- STA. 22+90 TO STA. 23+33 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 14+30 TO STA. 14+88 LT
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale)
l.
Natural 3. gSlope
Ground D oro
u Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-Y1- STA. 207+00 TO STA. 208+00 LT
DETAIL AU
STANDARD 'V' DITCH
( Not fo Scale)
Natural Natural
Ground 3'I 3.� Ground
D
Min. D=1.5
-DR2- STA. 17+00 LT
BEG. ELEV.=258.1', END E&-258.0', L=50', S=0.3%
DETAIL AE
STANDARD BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Nmural Natural
Ground f o
9� Ground
d 3.7 D
J� TauGeotexri
Geotexfile J g Minn.-MlR
ITyp)
Detail Applies When B is < 6.0' Min. 0=2 FT.
for Class I and II Rip -Rap;
And All Widths for Class B Rip -Rap d=2 Ft -
Type of Liner= CI I Rip-Rop, Keyed -ln 13=4 Ft.
-Y3- STA. 12+45 RT
BEG. ELEV.=233.4', END ELEV.=232.3', L=32', S=3.6%
-Y1- STA. 198+15 RT
BEG. ELEV.=227.2', END ELEV.=226.8', L=23', S=2.0%
DETAIL Al
SPECIAL BACK OF CURB
SPECIAL LATERAL BASE DITCH
(NOT TO SCALE)
Natural
Ground `?•/ D 3J het
I«=.J Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
DETAIL BB
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Natural of Front
Ground 3.7 D b'' at Ditch
Slope
Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
B= 2 Ff.
NOT USED IN PHASE 1
DETAIL AF
EXISTING CHANNEL W/BENCH
(Notto Scale)
Natural Natural
Groans 37 b 37sio0'-_Ground__
1.0' Bench Ezisling
Channel
6= 6 Ft.
-Y1- STA. 168+47 RT
BEG. ELEV.=224.0', END ELEV-223.6', L=18', S=2.2%
-Y1- STA. 168+50 RT
BEG. ELEV.=221.9', END ELEV-221.6', L=37', S=0.8%
-Y1- STA. 184+75 RT
BEG. ELEV.=223.0', END ELEV.=221.9', L=14', S=3.8%
-Y1- STA. 208+91 RT
BEG. ELEV.=239.8', END ELEV-239.4', L=40', S=1.0%
DETAIL AJ
STANDARD BASE DITCH
(Nofro Scale(
Natural Natural
Ground 3.7 D ,'.� Ground
Min. D= 1.0 Ft. Bj
B= 4 Ft.
-DR3- STA. 14+00 LT
BEG. ELEV.=248.6', END ELEV.=246.1', L=37', S=6.9%
-Y1- STA. 215+38 LT
BEG. ELEV.=254.0', END ELEV-252.5', L=30', S=5.0%
DETAIL CC
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natural of Front
Ground 3. 3' et Ditch
I D F1d slope
LBJ Min. D= 1 Ft.
B= 2 Ft.
-DRI- STA. 17+30 TO STA. 20+00 LT
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
(Notfo Scale)
Natural o< Front
Ground get
•I D Ditch
F�° Stove
u Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-Y1- STA. 206+58 TO STA. 208+00 LT
-DR3- STA. 13+85 TO STA. 14+00 LT
RW SHEET NO.
ROADWAY DESIGN HYDRAULICS
ENGINEER ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY
PERMIT DRAWING
SHEET 3 OF 29
P:[phone]
8601 Six Fars Road, Forum 1,Suite 700
Raleigh. North Carolina 27615-3960
Engineers I Construction Managers I Planners I Scientists '
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25 0 25
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FOR —L1BC— PROFILE SEE $HT. 1$ Engineers l Constmodon Managers l Planners l Scientists
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FOR DITCH DETAILS SEE SHT. 2D-1 Resp... i,e Pwpl, l Creaave Solutions

25 0 25 50 S SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
PERMIT DRAWING
SHEET 5 OF 29
TEMPORARY SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
SCALE FOR INSET
50 25 0 50 100 A FILL IN WETLAND
GLI� TEMPORARY FILL IN WETLAND
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FOR DITCH DETAILS SEE SHT. 2D-1 Resp... i,e People l Creaave Solution

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WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
1
16+00 to 16+88 -1-1 BC-
72" RCP -III - WL
0.18
0.02
0.02
2
20+39 to 27+41 -1-1 BC-
2@8'x8' RCBC - SCB
0.02
210
Bank Stabilization - SCB
< 0.01
< 0.01
62
24
Roadway Fill - WM
1.63
0.06
0.23
3
29+00 to 33+76 -1-1 BC-
72" RCP -IV - SCA
0.02
297
Roadway Fill - WO
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.01
4
54+32 to 56+28 -1-1 BC-
36" P-V - WN
0.06
0.02
< 0.01
0.04
184+50 -Y1-
2@60" WSP, 60" WSP - SCA
< 0.01
< 0.01
82
56
5
58+63 to 66+50 -1-1 BC -LT
Roadway Fill - WJ/TE
0.56
0.04
0.08
< 0.01
< 0.01
53
24
6
71 +50 -L1 BC-
Roadway Fill - WCA
0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
*Roadway Fill - PCA
0.82
7
168+78 to 169+82 -Y1-LT
54" RCP -IV - SBD
< 0.01
0.01
11
121
Roadway Fill - WBD
0.04
< 0.01
0.02
Roadway Fill - WBB
0.05
8
198+00 -Y1-RT
2@48" RCP -III - SCB
< 0.01
< 0.01
89
10
9
209+00 -Y1-RT
42" RCP -IV - TG
< 0.01
13
Bank Stabilization - TG
< 0.01
< 0.01
42
59
Roadway Fill - WK
0.02
0.03
Bank Stabilization - SBB
< 0.01
< 0.01
11
36
TOTALS*:
2.51
0.15
0.06
0.45
0.89
0.03
870
330
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
* Site 6 Roadway Fill - PCA is total pond take.
PRELIMINARY
Revised 2018 Feb

P r End Project Phase 1C
4
a
�h
BIER RD
e
Merry Oaks King R
-�— Merry Oaks Cemetery Rd , 910 /
1911
Beggin Project Phase 1C
End Phase 16
1011 1993 chi.
m3 Ry
e0 0
� `na 1912
n
VICINITY MAP N.T.S.
------------
TO VINFAST SI
BEGIN
BEGIN PROJECT HE-0006 PHASE
END PHASE IB
-LIBC- Sta. 66 + 50.00
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
CHATHAM COUNTY
L-
LOCATION: NEW ELAM CHURCH ROAD (SR 1910) FROM
VINFAST MANUFACTURING SITE TO NORTH OF US I
TYPE OF WORK: GRADING, PAVING, WIDENING, DRAINAGE, CULVERTS,
STRUCTURES, RETAINING WALLS, SIGNING,
SIGNALS & UTILITIES
BEGIN CONSTRUCTION
-Y2NB-\1 Sta. 15 + 09.66
BEGIN CONSTRUCTION
-YI- Sta. 214+15.00
END CONSTRUCTION --
-YI- Sta. 218+16.68
-USI LPC- Sta. 10 + 00.00 =
-Y2- Sta. 73 + 53.92
END CONSTRUCTION
-Y2NB- Sta. 105 + 45.42
NOTE:
1. CLEARING ON THIS PROJECT SHALL BE PERFORMED TO THE LIMITS ESTABLISHED BY METHOD III
2. THIS IS A CONTROLLED -ACCESS PROJECT WITH ACCESS BEING LIMITED TO INTERCHANGES.
0
SITE 2
B
NAD 2O7
3 O 8yNq
D
Z
IJ
O
SITE 5
SITE 1 END BRIDGE
-LIBC- Sta. 80 + 91.35
END PROJECT HE-0006 PHASE IC
-LIBC- Sta. 97 + 90.39
SITE 4
SITE 3
END CONSTRUCTION
-US]LPB- Sta. 14 + 00.00
WETLAND AND SURFACE
v
WATER IMPACTS PERMIT
�O
PRELIMINARY
PERMIT DRAWING
SHEET 1 OF 13
GLI
DOCUMENT NOT CONSIDERED FINAL
UNLESS ALL SIGNATURES COMPLETED
GRAPHIC SCALES DESIGN DATA PROJECT LENGTH PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF, HYDRAULICS ENGINEER
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONROLNStNo. F-0111
ADT 2023 = 300 FOR NORTH CAROLINA
50 25 0 50 100 ®� NOR?uml y�
J.ADT 2043 = 26,100�
K = 10 % LENGTH OF ROADWAY PROJECT HE-0006 ........................0.563 mi 2018 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
PLANS LENGTH OF STRUCTURE PROJECT HE-0006 .......................0.032 mi MICHAEL MERRITT, PE
D = 60 % RIGHT OF WAY DATE: PROJECT ENGINEER P.E.
TOTAL LENGTH OF PROJECT HE-0006................................0.595 mi
50 25 0 50 100 T = 60 % * SEPTEMBER, 2022 SIGNATURE:
V = 50 MPH ROADWAY DESIGN
LETTING DATE: TONY HOUSER, PE PROFILE (HORIZONTAL) (TTST 59% + DUALS 1%) JANUARY, 2023 PROJECT DESIGN ENGINEER ENGINEER
10 5 0 10 5o FUNC. CLASS =MAJOR
COLLECTOR JEFFREY L. TEAGUE, PE
NCDOT CONTACT.
PROFILE (VERTICAL) PROJECT ENGINEER SIGNATURE: PE

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
HE-0006 2D-1
m
DETAIL A
LATERAL Y DITCH
( Not to Scale) 6)
Natural Fill
Ground 3.7 D 3.1 1""Ft. Slope
Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
b= 5 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 11+00 TO STA. 13+30 LT
-L1BC-
STA. 16+75 TO STA. 18+00 RT
-L1BC-
STA. 30+00 TO STA. 31+00 LT
-Li BC_STA. 52+25 TO STA. 54+50 RT
-L1BC-
STA. 56+00 TO STA. 56+50 RT
-L1BC-
STA. 67+37 TO STA. 70+00 RT
-L1BC-
STA. 81+45 TO STA. 92+75 RT
-L1BC-
STA. 89+50 TO STA. 93+00 LT
-L1BC-
STA. 93+00 TO STA. 95+75 RT
-Y2-
STA. 21+60 TO STA. 23+00 RT
-Y2-
STA. 60+00 TO STA. 62+50 RT
-Y2LPA- STA. 18+06 TO STA. 20+04 RT
-Y2RPB- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 18+27 LT
-Y3-
STA. 10+80 TO STA. 12+45 RT
Y3-
STA. 14+00 TO STA. 15+00 RT
DETAIL F
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(Notto Scale)
Front
of Ditch
Natural b''N gt Slope
Ground odor D F\o'6
° Min. D=1.0 FT.
-L1BC- STA. 10+00 TO STA. 11+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 19+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 36+00 TO STA. 36+50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 39+32 TO STA. 46+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 93+00 TO STA. 93+50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 97+00 TO STA. 98+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 97+50 TO STA. 98+00 LT
-US1 LPB- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 17+90 LT
-YlRPB- STA. 12+00 TO STA. 12+50 RT
-Yl- STA. 166+10 TO STA. 167+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 166+10 TO STA. 167+00 RT
-Yl- STA. 172+00 TO STA. 172+50 RT
-Yl- STA. 173+00 TO STA. 174+80 LT
-Yl- STA. 179+00 TO STA. 180+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 194+50 TO STA. 195+50 LT
-Yl- STA. 200+00 TO STA. 201+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 204+50 TO STA. 205+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 206+50 TO STA. 207+00 RT
-Yl- STA. 215+38 TO STA. 217+00 LT
-Y2- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 15+50 LT
-Y2- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 15+50 RT
-Y2- STA.40+50 TO STA.41+00 LT
-Y2- STA. 42+98 TO STA. 43+23 LT
-Y2- STA. 59+00 TO STA. 60+00 RT
-Y2- STA. 95+00 TO STA. 97+50 RT
-Y2- STA. 104+50 TO STA. 106+00 RT
-Y2LPA- STA. 10+28 TO STA. 12+33 RT
-Y2RPA- STA. 14+44 TO STA. 17+04 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 24+50 TO STA. 25+00 LT
-Y2RPB- STA. 13+50 TO STA. 14+51 RT
-Y2RPC- STA. 16+88 TO STA. 18+00 LT
-Y2RPC- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 19+00 RT
-Y2RPC- STA. 24+00 TO STA. 26+50 LT
DETAIL L
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(Notto Scale)
Front
< Ditch
Natural 3'� TeX Slope
Ground
Min. D=1.0 FT.
-Yl- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 16+50 RT
-Y2- STA. 90+00 TO STA. 95+00 RT
-Y2- STA. 97+50 TO STA. 103+00 RT
-Y3- STA. 15+50 TO STA. 16+70 LT
-Y3A- STA. 10+26 TO STA. 11+00 RT
-Y3A- STA. 13+00 TO STA. 16+22 RT
-Y3A- STA. 14+77 TO STA. 16+50 LT
-Y3A- STA. 18+50 TO STA. 19+50 RT
-Y3A- STA. 19+00 TO STA. 19+40 LT
-DR1- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 17+30 LT
-DRI- STA. 20+00 TO STA. 21+00 LT
-DR1- STA. 24+50 TO STA. 25+02 LT
-DR2- STA. 10+30 TO STA. 11+00 LT
-DR2- STA. 10+30 TO STA. 11+00 RT
-DR2- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 17+50 LT
-DR2- STA. 16+50 TO STA. 17+50 RT
DETAIL R
TOE PROTECTION
I Not to Scale)
O� FILL
NATURAL '',I% SLOPE
GROUND d Q
GEOTEXTILE
d= 1 Ft.
Type of Liner= CL B Rip -Rap
DETAIL B
LATERAL BASE DITCH
(Not to Scale'
�b
Nawral _ Fill
Ground d 3./ D 1"?t. Slope
Toock Geotedile
Georoxdla B Minimum of lfl
(rrlry
Min. D-1.0 Ft.
'Wh4 H B= 4.0 en B is < 6.0' d= .
Type of Uner= CL B Rip -Rap, Keyed -In b= 4.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 15+00 TO 15+50 RT
-Yl- STA. 208+00 TO 208+70 LT
DETAIL G
TOE PROTECTION
( Not to Scale)
\o�g<
Natural r51 °' c�\oQo
Ground F
d
d= 2.0 Ft.
Geotextile
of Liner= CL B
41BC- STA. 16+00 TO STA. 17+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 16+00 TO STA. 16+35 LT
-L1BC- STA. 21+20 TO STA. 25+50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 22+35 TO STA. 27+50 RT
-L1BC- STA. 29+00 TO STA. 30+60 RT
-LIBC- STA. 32+50 TO STA. 33+50 LT
-L1BC- STA. 54+60 LT TO STA. 57+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 71+60 TO STA. 72+00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+30 TO STA. 19+20 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+95 TO STA. 19+55 RT
-Yl- STA. 168+80 TO STA. 169+80 LT
-Yl- STA. 183+80 TO STA. 185+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 209+00 TO STA. 210+53 RT
-Y2RPA- STA. 25+50 TO STA. 27+35 LT
DETAIL M
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
( Not to Scale)
From
of Ditch
Natural b', et Slope
Ground `37 o F\oM
orye � D
Min. D=1.5 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 33+50 TO STA. 39+32 RT
-Yl- STA. 217+00 TO STA. 219+00 LT
DETAIL S
BERM DITCH
z
F(Not to Scale)
rat
U
f
5.0' 1 6.0'
3.0'
3y Jp\t•
10.01V.C. D
Min. D=
1.0 Ft.
-Y2- STA. 18+25 TO STA. 22+00 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 24+00 LT
DETAIL X
SPECIAL BACK OF CURB CUT DITCH
(NOT TO SCALE)
NATURAL
_ GROUND
-Y2LPA- STA. 12+33 TO STA. 13+48 RT
DETAIL C
TOE PROTECTION
(Notto Scale)
Natural
Q\o�ot
aa�r°`\S\
Grond b
��
al
d= 1 Ft.
6= 3 Ft.
Geotex8le
Type of Liner= CL B Rip -Rap
-1.1 BC- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 18+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 19+50 TO STA. 20+00 LT
-LI BC- STA. 50+00 TO STA. 52+25 RT
-Yl- STA. 183+00 TO STA. 183+80 LT
-Yl- STA. 220+30 TO STA. 224+00 LT
-YlRPA- STA. 15+40 TO STA. 16+65 RT
-Y1RPB- STA. 16+90 TO STA. 18+95 RT
-Y2RPB- STA. 22+49 TO STA. 25+25 RT
-Y3- STA. 13+75 TO STA. 14+75 LT
DETAIL H
LATERAL BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
-C
Natural
Ground D 3•� 1"fft. Slope
Fill
GEOTEXTILE B Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
Max. d= 1.5 Ft.
'When B is < 6.0' B= 4.0 Ft.
Type of Liner= CL B Rip -Rap b= 5.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 15+50 TO STA. 16+15 RT
DETAIL N
STANDARD BASE DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Natural Natural
Ground Ground
d 3.7 D
Tuck Geotextile o
Geotextile g Minimum ile
Detail Applies When B is < 6.0' ITMP)
for Class I and II Rip -Rap; Min. D=3 Ft.
And All Widths for Class B Rip -Rap d=2.7 FL
Type of Liner= Cl I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In B=10 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 198+15 LT
BEG. ELEV.=232.0', END ELEV.=231.7', L=95', S=0.3%
-Y1- STA. 198+00 RT
BEG. ELEV.=229.0'. END ELEV.=229.0'. L=9'. S=0.3%
DETAIL T
`-
FALSE SUMP
kOp
( Not to Scale)
Outside Ditch
Traffic Flow
!Q
20•'
' 7 -► 2' �-
GI
$ -
etc.
S=Ditch Slope
CL Proposed Ditch
-LIBC- STA. 19+50 RT
-LIBC- STA. 71+97 RT
-Yl- STA. 207+12 RT
-Y2RPC- STA. 14+28 RT
DETAIL D
LATERAL BASE DITCH
(Notto Scale-) -�
Natural
Ground 3.7 D 3.� V'/Ft. Fill
Slope
a Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
I.I B= 4.0 Ft.
b= 5.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 25+25 TO STA. 27+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 30+20 TO STA. 33+50 RT
-LIBC- STA. 31+00 TO STA. 32+45 LT
-L1BC- STA. 33+75 TO STA. 36+00 LT
-L1BC- STA. 54+50 TO STA. 56+00 RT
-L1BC- STA. 87+00 TO STA. 89+50 LT
-Yl- STA. 180+00 TO STA. 181+00 LT
-Yl- STA. 196+50 TO STA. 198+20 LT
-Y1RPA- STA. 16+63 TO STA. 17+49 RT
-Y1RPB- STA. 10+75 TO STA. 12+00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. II+00 TO STA. 12+00 RT
-Y1RPB- STA. 17+00 TO STA. 18+00 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 14+68 TO STA. 16+00 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 27+31 TO STA. 28+20 LT
-Y2RPB- STA. 17+46 TO STA. 19+00 RT
-Y3- STA. 12+45 TO STA. 14+00 RT
DETAIL I
STANDARD 'V' DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Natural Natural
Ground 3,7 ,j.\ Ground
D
Min. D=1.0
-LIBC- STA. 56+50 RT
BEG. ELEV.=241.0', END ELEV.=244.9', L=55', S=7.0%
-Y3- STA. 15+50 LT
BEG. ELEV.=249.8', END ELEV. 249.6', L=47', S=0.4%
-Yl- STA. 195+60 LT
BEG. ELEV.=245.0', END ELEV.=243.1', L=28', S=6.9%
-DR1- STA. 10+59 RT
BEG. ELEV.=262.6', END ELEV.=262.5', L=30', S=0.3%
DETAIL Y
MEDIAN V DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Shoulder Shoulder
Pointin,
0
F/ohoo,
F\
-Y2- STA. 28+50 TO STA. 29+50
-Y2- STA. 32+00 TO STA. 33+13 RT
DETAIL O
SPECIAL CUT DITCH
(Not to Scale)
Front
of Ditch
Natural ___ L A�'gt Slope
Ground 3•/ D F\o
Min. D=2.0 Ft.
-DR3- STA. 10+50 TO STA. 11+50 LT
-DR3- STA. 12+50 TO STA.13+85 LT
-Yl- STA. 219+00 TO STA.221+50 RT
DETAIL U
BERM DITCH
(Notto Scale)
t0
Z
o�
d
V-
5.0'
6.0'
S.0'
3.0'
-4
lo.aay.c.
Tuck Geotextile J
D d
' Geotextile
Minimum of 18
(TYP) Min. D=1.0 Ft.
Type of Liner= CL I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In
d=1.0 Ft.
-Y2RPA- STA. 24+00 TO STA. 25+00 LT
DETAIL Z
FALSE SUMP
( Not to Scale)
DETAIL E
LATERAL BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale-) -�
Natural
Ground 3.7 D 3� 7"xFt. Fill
Slope
a Min. D= 2.0 Ft.
I.I B= 4.0 FT.
b= 5.0 Ft.
-Yl- STA. 183+00 TO STA. 184+00 LT
-Y1RPB- STA. 18+00 TO STA. 18+25 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 15+00 TO STA. 18+06 RT
DETAIL J
SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natural \ of Slone
Ground d 3•/ D R\o�oc DBCh
Tuck Geotextile a
Geotextile B Minimum of le (TYP)
Min. D = 1 FT.
d=1 Ft.
e of Line-B Rip -Rap, Keyed -In B=4 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 14+00 TO STA. 15+00 RT
DETAIL P
SPECIAL LATERAL BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natural of Front
Ground 3. 3'' et Ditch
Slope
LBJ Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-Y1- STA. 168+00 TO STA. 168+80 LT
-Y2LPA- STA. 13+48 TO STA. 15+00 RT
DETAIL V
STANDARD BASE DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Natural Natural
Ground 3.7 D ,j.A Groun
Min. D= 2.0 Ft.
B= 4 Ft.
-DR3- STA. 14+00 RT
BEG. ELEV.=241.6', END ELEV.=241.0', L=42', S=1.5%
-US1 LPC- STA. 14+70 RT
BEG. ELEV.=261.8',1:ND ELEV. 261.4', L=110', S=0.3%
-Y1RPA- STA. 16+63 RT
BEG. ELEV.=236.3', END ELEV.=236.5', L=65', S=0.3%
-Y2- 34+27 TO 35+50 LT
BEG. ELEV. 241.0', END ELEV. 239.3', L=123', S=1.4%
-Y3A- 19+40 LT
BEG. ELEV. 234.2', END ELEV. 234.0', L=78', S=0.3%
Outside Ditch _12.0•I_
Traffic Flow \0, 20:1 'I
GI
S - etc.
S=Ditch Slope IF Proposed Ditch
-US1 LPB- STA. 21+50 LT
-Y- STA. 170+39 LT
-Y2- STA. 19+46 LT
-Y2- STA. 22+35 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 14+20 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+83 LT
-Y2RPA- STA. 18+86 RT
-Y2RPA- STA. 24+50 LT
-Y2RPC- STA. 22+89 LT
R1W SHEET NO.
ROADWAY DESIGN HYDRAULICS
ENGINEER ENGINEER
on_T Ll OV11.1i
PERMIT DRAWING
SHEET 2 OF 13
DETAIL K
SPECIAL LATERAL 'V' DITCH
INot to Scale)
Front
of Ditch
Natural 3'?, 0t Slope
Ground
W", D
Min. D= 1.0 Ft.
-L1BC- STA. 72+00 TO STA. 73+50 RT
-Y1- STA. 213+03 TO STA. 213+65 LT
-Y2- STA. 36+00 TO STA. 37+75 RT
Y2RPC- STA. 26+50 TO STA. 26+59 LT
-Y3A- STA. 19+50 TO STA. 21+50 RT
-DR1- STA. 25+02 TO STA. 26+30 LT
DETAIL Q
SPECIAL LATERAL 'V' DITCH
( Not to Scale)
Front
of Ditch
Natural 3 3'� ,6gc Slope
Ground /o F\o
oye 1 D
Min. D= 1.5 Ft.
-Y2- STA. 37+75 TO STA. 40+80 RT
DETAIL W
LATERAL 'V' DITCH
( Not to Scale)
b
Natural t- Fill
Ground :/ D 3, 1"iFt. Slope
d Tuck
Geotextiloflfte
Minimum
Geotextile (Typ)
Min. D=1.5 F
d=1.5 Ft.
Type of Liner= CL I Rip -Rap, Keyed -In b=5 FT.
-Y2RPA- STA. 25+00 TO STA. 25+65 LT
DETAIL AA
FALSE SUMP
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Median Ditch
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S=Ditch Slope 4 Proposed Ditch
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-Y2- STA. 28+26 CL -Y2- STA. 52+88 CL
-Y2- STA. 35+02 CL -Y2- STA. 64+88 CL
-Y2- STA. 40+88 CL -Y2- STA. 71+94 Cl
-Y2- STA. 44+88 CL -Y2- STA. 92+12 CL
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Raleiqh, North Carolina 276153960
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I Construction Managers I Planners I Scientists
Creadve Solutions

PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
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DETAIL AB
STANDARD BASE DITCH
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DETAIL AC
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Natural N oT From
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DETAIL AD
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Natural O
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SPECIAL CUT BASE DITCH
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DETAIL AE
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Natural Natural
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NOT USED IN PHASE 1
DETAIL AF
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BEG. ELEV.=221.9', END ELEV.=221.6', L=37', S=0.8%
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BEG. ELEV.=223.0', END ELEV-221.9', L=14', S=3.8%
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BEG. ELEV.=239.8', END ELEV-239.4', L=40', S=1.0%
DETAIL AJ
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WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETILAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
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Excavation
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1
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Roadway Fill - WG
0.96
0.08
0.04
2
17+82-Y2RPB-
48" RCP-V - SG
< 0.01
< 0.01
91
8
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< 0.01
23
20
66" RCP -IV - SG
0.01
< 0.01
161
24
3
53+25 -Y2-LT
18" RCP-111 - TC
< 0.01
< 0.01
25
10
4
12+31-DR1-RT
Roadway Fill - WI
< 0.01
5
28+00 -Y2-LT
Roadway Fill - PA
0.74
TOTALS*:
0.96
0.08
0.04
0.76
< 0.01
301
62
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
PRELIMINARY
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WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
1
19+75 to 24+10 -Y1-
Roadway Fill - WAT
0.29
2
35+00 to 38+00 -Y1-
Roadway Fill - WAR
0.36
3
47+00 to 48+50 -Y1-LT
Roadway Fill - WAX
0.03
4
43+00 to 44+60 -Y1-RT
Roadway Fill - WAW
0.03
TOTALS*:
0.71
0
0
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
PRELIMINARY
Revised 2018 Feb

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BEGIN TIP PROJECT HE-0006
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STATE OF NORTH CAROL INA
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
CHATHAM COUNTY
LOCATION: NC 42 - CHRISTIAN CHAPEL CHURCH ROAD (SR 1912)
INTERSECTION
TYPE OF WORK: GRADING, PAVING, WIDENING, DRAINAGE,
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10101

WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
1 *
15+00 to 18+00 -Y5-LT
Roadway Fill - PU
1.23
2
12+00 -Y6-LT
Roadway Fill - WQ
0.01
TOTALS*:
0.01
1.23
0
0
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
*Site 1: Total take at pond
Revised 2018 Feb

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NC Licansa No. F-0112
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WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
1
16+00 to 25+00 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - WBR
0.12
Roadway Fill - WBV
2.38
Bridge - ST
2
15+00 -Y1 RPB-RT
Roadway Fill - WBE
0.08
18+00 to 18+90 -Y1 RPB-RT
Roadway Fill - PM
0.05
3
44+80 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - WBF
0.21
< 0.01
44+80 to 46+00 -L2AB-LT
Roadway Fill - PO
0.24
4
90+50 -Y1-RT
Roadway Fill - WBS
0.06
5
63+00 to 75+50 -Y1-
Roadway Fill - WAZ
2.19
Bridge - SR
6
108+75 -Y1-RT
Roadway Fill - WBU
0.01
TOTALS*:
5.04
< 0.01
0.28
0
0
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
PRELIMINARY
Revised 2018 Feb

End Project STATE OF NORTH CARO1L INA
PHASE 2B
DIVISION OIL HIGHWAYS
—4 1 I
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1926
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1930
Begin Project
PHASE 2B
Muse Hill
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VICINITY MAP
N.T.S
WETLAND AND SURFACE
WATER IMPACTS PERMIT
PRELIMINARY
TO VINFAST
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LOCATION: NEW INTERCHANGES OVER US I AND OLD US 1 (SR 1011)
ON REALIGNED PEA RIDGE ROAD (SR 1972) FROM
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TYPE OF WORK: GRADING, WIDENING, PAVING, DRAINAGE, STRUCTURES,
RETAINING WALLS, SIGNING, SIGNALS, AND UTILITIES
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BEGIN PROJECT HE-0006 PHASE 2B
END PROTECT HE-0006 PHASE 2A
-L2AB- Sta. 46+00.00
NOTE:
1. THIS IS A CONTROLLED -ACCESS PROJECT WITH ACCESS BEING LIMITED TO INTERCHANGES.
2. CLEARING ON THIS PROJECT SHALL BE PERFORMED TO THE LIMITS ESTABLISHED BY METHOD III.
SITE 18
SITE 19
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GRAPHIC SCALES DESIGN DATA PROJECT LENGTH PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF, HYDRAULICS ENGINEER
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TOTAL LENGTH OF PROJECT HE-0006...............................1.831 mi SIGNATURE:
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PROFILE HORIZONTAL LETTING DATE: JILLIAN HINSON, El
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COLLECTOR JEFFREY L. TEAGUE, PE
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WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
1
60+21 to 74+19 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - WBJ
0.13
Roadway Fill - WCH
0.05
Roadway Fill - WCD
< 0.01
Roadway Fill - WCE
0.03
Roadway Fill - WCF
< 0.01
Roadway Fill - WCG
< 0.01
Roadway Fill - WBK
2.00
Bridge - SR
2
91 +43 to 92+51 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - PG
0.23
3
102+20 -L2AB-
XX RCP -IV - SO
< 0.01
121
102+20 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - PF
0.42
4
11+54 to 12+67 -SR1-
Roadway Fill - PE
0.25
5
12+95 to 14+81 -SR1-
Roadway Fill - WAI
0.19
6
112+54 -L2AB-
RCBC - SL/SM
0.06
942
112+54 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - SN
< 0.01
122
7
10+00 to 11+19-L2NB-RT
Roadway Fill - WAA
0.12
8
20+00 to 23+54 -SR1-
Roadway Fill - WZ
0.55
9
24+90 to 26+00 -SR1-
Roadway Fill - WAB
0.02
10
11+53 -L2AB-SPB-LT
RCP/Roadway Fill - WT
0.02
129+12 to 130+98 -L2AB-
Roadway Fill - WAG
0.68
11
133+70 to 134+56 -L2AB-
RCP/Roadway Fill - WS
0.11
Roadway Fill - WAH
0.03
12
20+35 to 20+72 -L2AB-RPA-RT
Roadway Fill - WAF
0.02
13
1 17+39 to 19+43 -Y2-LT
Roadway Fill - WV
1 0.09
TOTALS*:
1 4.05
1
1
1
1 0.97
1 1185
0
1 0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
PRELIMINARY
Revised 2018 Feb

WETLAND AND SURACE WATER IMPACTS SUMMARY
WETLAND IMPACTS SURFACE WATER IMPACTS
Site
No.
Station
(From/To)
Structure
Size / Type
Permanent
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Temp.
Fill In
Wetlands
(ac)
Excavation
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Mechanized
Clearing
in Wetlands
(ac)
Hand
Clearing
in
Wetlands
(ac)
Permanent
SW
impacts
(ac)
Temp.
SW
impacts
(ac)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Permanent
(ft)
Existing
Channel
Impacts
Temp.
(ft)
Natural
Stream
Design
(ft)
14
18+00 -L2AB-RPC-
RCBC - SK
0.07
364
18+00 to 22+42 -L2AB-RPB-LT
Roadway Fill - WU
0.31
18+00 to 22+42 -L2AB-RPC-RT
Roadway Fill - WX
1.62
18+75 to 23+27 -L2AB-RPC-RT
Roadway Fill - SU
0.03
465
15
+07 to 19+40 -L2AB-RPD-1
Roadway Fill - WAC
0.03
16
77+12 to 81+95 -Y2-RT
Roadway Fill - WAE
0.07
17
81+49 -Y2-
RCBC - SR
0.06
119
18
16+50 to 23+45 -Y3-
Roadway Fill - WAN
0.72
19
21+00 to 24+46 -Y4-
Roadway Fill - WAP
0.42
20
22+70 to 25+73 -Y3
Roadway Fill - WAO
0.19
21
27+00 to 29+00 -Y3-LT
Roadway Fill - PI
0.39
Total from Sheet 1
4.05
0.98
1185
Total from Sheet 2
3.35
0.17
948
TOTALS*:
10.75
1.70
3081
0
0
*Rounded totals are sum of actual impacts
NOTES:
PRELIMINARY
Revised 2018 Feb

H E-0006
Section 106 NHPA Exhibits

Section 106 NHPA Exhibit — Location of Merry Oaks Cemetery in Proximity to HE-0006:
N
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-L2AB-RPD-
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6s = 2' 06' 512' L = 14' 08' 49J" (LT) 6s = 2' 06' 51.2" 6s = 2' 06' 51.2" L = 13' 21' 45.2' (RT) L = 38' 39 44.0' (RT) L = 2' 06' 13.5" (LT)
Ls = 200.00' D = 2' 06' 51.2' Ls = 200.00'
Ls = 200.00' D = 2' 06' 51.2'
D = 10` 36' 37Z
D = 0' 2/' 21.1'
LT = 133.34' L = 669J3' LT = 133.34'
LT = 133.34' L = 632.03'
L = 364.38'
L = 591.15'
ST = 66.68' T = 336.27' ST = 66.68'
ST = 66.68' T = 317.45'
T = 189.43'
T = 295.6/'
R = 2,710.00'
R = 2,710.00'
R = 540.00'
R = 16✓O0.00'
DS = 65 MPH
DS = 65 MPH
DS = 20 MPH
DS = 75 MPH
SE = 0.06
SE = 0.06
SE = 0.04
SE = NC
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City of Sanford TIP Water and Sewer Improvements
Phase 1 Sewer Access and Alignment Alternatives — Old US-1 to UT-Shaddox Creek Area

531 N. Liberty St., + Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101 + 336-790-6744 + FAX [phone] www.freese.com
TO: David Bailey, PWS (US Army Corps of Engineers)
CC: Sue Homewood (North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality)
FROM: Jason Steele, PhD, PWS; Ken Bruce, PE
SUBJECT: Sanford TIP Phase 1 Sewer Line Alternatives Analysis
DATE: 5/16/2023
PROJECT: City of Sanford TIP Water and Sewer Line Improvements
The proposed City of Sanford Triangle Innovation Point (TIP) Phase 1 sewer line, which consists of both
gravity and force main sewer lines, is proposed to connect the VinFast manufacturing facility to the
existing City of Sanford sewer system. The section of TIP Phase 1 sewer line that crosses under Old US-1
and the Norfolk -Southern Railroad to connect to the proposed VinFast facility will result in permanent
impacts to Waters of the United States (WOTUS). Three alternative alignments were evaluated to
determine which route would avoid and minimize impacts to WOTUS while meeting the necessary
engineering and constructability requirements to facilitate the development of the utility line to service
the VinFast facility. Additionally, ingress and egress routes were evaluated to determine the best method
to access the proposed lift station located adjacent to the proposed VinFast facility as well as the entirety
of the utility line corridor for required maintenance activities for the operable lifespan of the utility.
Site Access Alternatives Evaluations
The TIP Phase 1 sewer line, particularly the section between Old US-1 and the proposed VinFast facility, is
located in an area that has several site access points. Vehicular site access, for both construction and
emergency vehicles, will be required for the lifespan of the utility, and will be of critical importance during
the development of both the VinFast manufacturing facility and the construction of the proposed North
Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) highway improvements and bridge that will provide
access to the VinFast manufacturing facility from Old US-1. The NCDOT project is currently in the planning
phase and will be initiated when VinFast meets pre -determined economic benchmarks, which are
forecasted to be fulfilled approximately 5-years after construction of the primary manufacturing facility.
The City of Sanford TIP sewer lines, however, will be constructed ahead of the VinFast facility, as the water
and sewer lines are necessary for the facility construction and operation. Access to buried utility lines is
generally provided by the permanent utility easement, which is typically 30 to 40 feet wide across the
entirety of the utility. The permanent utility easement is a maintained vegetated corridor that is
periodically mowed during the growing season. The corridor is typically unimproved, with vehicular
crossings via stabilized rock fords or culverts at any necessary stream or wetland crossings.

Sanford TIP Phase 1 Sewer Alignment and Access Alternatives
May 16, 2023
Page 2 of 4
FFREESE
AIN IMICHO
Three access points were identified that would provide vehicular access for duration of the project
construction and maintenance phase until construction of the VinFast facility and NCDOT highway
improvements (Figure 1). Construction of the NCDOT bridge would allow for access to the south side of
the UT-Shaddox Creek feature but would still require culverted crossings of UT-Shaddox Creek and
associated wetlands to the north, as the utility line between Old US-1 and UT-Shaddox Creek cannot be
accessed from the NCDOT bridge that will traverse Old US-1, the Norfolk -Southern Railroad, and the
wetland and stream associated with UT-Shaddox Creek.
Norfolk -Southern Railroad At -Grade Crossing
An at -grade crossing between Old US-1 and Woodland Road would allow for vehicular access to the
proposed sewer line alignment between Old US-1 and UT-Shaddox Creek. The at -grade crossing facilitates
Norfolk -Southern access to the primary rail line that runs south through the VinFast parcel as well as
access to Woody's Rifle Club, which is located approximately 0.5 miles northeast of the utility corridor.
Multiple attempts were made to negotiate access through the at -grade crossing, however, Norfolk -
Southern was not amenable to additional entities utilizing their infrastructure for access, particularly for
the volume of traffic needed for construction of the lift station and utility line.
Christian Chapel Church Road
An access road that originates at State Route 1912 (Christian Chapel Church Road) and goes east along R
Family Road to Woodland Road was included in the access evaluation. Access to Woodfield road from R
Family Road would require easement acquisition along privately owned roads. The route along the private
roads would parallel 16 rifle and pistol shooting bays at Woody's Rifle Club. Due to the inherent safety
issues to both users of the rifle club and employees of the City of Sanford associated with continual
vehicular access along these areas, this access point was removed from consideration.
General Shale Access Road
An access road originating at Moncure-Flatwoods Road and traversing west across property owned by
General Shale into the VinFast parcel was the final access route evaluated. An improved access road
consisting of compacted gravel is already present and would allow for both emergency and construction
access to the utility line that runs from the proposed location of the VinFast manufacturing facility west
to the UT-Shaddox Creek location. Preliminary access agreements have been submitted for construction
access; however, a long-term access easement has not been agreed upon.
Selected Access Alternative
Temporary site access for construction of the lift station and utility lines will be provided by the General
Shale Access Road. Long term access to the area south of UT-Shaddox Creek will be through the VinFast
manufacturing facility access roads and potentially via the NCDOT bridge from Old US-1. However, none
of the temporary or permanent access routes will allow for access of the portion of the utility line located
between Old US-1 and UT-Shaddox Creek, which can only be access via the utility line permanent
easement area, which will require crossing UT-Shaddox Creek and associated riparian wetlands, as well as
a portion of wetlands located near the northern terminus of the utility line section. An analysis of utility
line alignments is included in the following section.

Sanford TIP Phase 1 Sewer Alignment and Access Alternatives
May 16, 2023
Page 3 of 4
Phase 1 Sewer Alignment Alternatives Evaluations
Three alternatives were evaluated for the section of Phase 1 sewer alignment that runs from Old US-1
south across the Norfolk -Southern rail line to the proposed lift station adjacent to the VinFast facility
(Figure 2). Impacts associated with the crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek are detailed on Figure 3.
Alternative 1
Alternative 1 consists of approximately 7,200 feet of sewer line that includes six wetland crossings and
three culverted crossings of the unnamed tributary to Shaddox Creek (UT-Shaddox Creek) that bisects the
eastern portion of the VinFast parcel. The proposed alignment required two lift stations in order to
facilitate flows from the VinFast manufacturing facility to City of Sanford treatment facilities. Total
wetland impacts were approximately 34,305 square feet (sq ft), and stream impacts were approximately
527 feet of permanent impacts associated with the installation of culverts at all stream crossings
associated with the large stream and wetland complex surrounding UT-Shaddox Creek. Stream crossings
required culverts due to the size and depth of the channel, as the entirety of the alignment requires
vehicular access for maintenance activities. All impacts to streams and wetlands were considered
permanent due to the installation of culverts to facilitate the construction of the utility line and
unimproved access road. This alternative was abandoned during the engineering feasibility analysis, as
the VinFast facility design required moving the location of the utility tie-in, which reduced the total utility
line length and removed the need for an additional lift station.
Alternative 2
Alternative 2 consists of approximately 6,000 feet of sewer line that includes four wetland crossings and
one culverted crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek. Three of the wetland crossings may require culverts to
maintain connectivity with downgradient wetland cells while keeping vehicular access from degrading the
features. One wetland crossing will be via stabilized rock ford. The crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek will
require two 84-inch culverts, which will be countersunk into the stream bed to maintain aquatic organism
passage. Total wetland impacts associated with the single wetland crossing and the crossing of the
wetlands and stream at UT-Shaddox Creek were approximately 38,585 sq ft, and stream impacts are
approximately 226 feet of permanent impacts associated with the installation of two 84 inch culverts.
Alternative 3
Alternative 3 follows the alignment of Alternative 2 up to the crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek, at which point
the alignment moves to the east. This alignment change was made to decrease permanent wetland
impacts by bypassing several smaller wetland features to the south of the stream crossing, and to
decrease the linear feet of culvert at the stream crossing. The crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek will still
require the dual culvert system and the crossing of the large wetland complex on the northern side of the
stream will also require a large culvert. Total wetland impacts associated with the alignment shift are
approximately 50,219 sq ft, and stream impacts are approximately 201 feet of impacts associated with
the culvert installation. All impacts will be permanent due to the installation of the culverts for all stream
and wetland crossings in the area.

Sanford TIP Phase 1 Sewer Alignment and Access Alternatives
May 16, 2023
Page 4 of 4
Selected Alignment Alternative
Alternative alignment 1 was removed from consideration due to the tie-in point with the VinFast facility
requiring a modified alignment to compliment the VinFast facility design. Alternative 2 is the selected
alternative as it allows for greatest avoidance and minimization of impacts to streams and wetlands at the
UT-Shaddox Creek crossing while allowing for installation of the utility line with less potential for future
joint connection maintenance. While Alternative 3 follows the same alignment as Alternative 2, the
revised area around UT-Shaddox Creek increased wetland impacts and resulted in the introduction of
additional pipe turns and joints that may require additional future maintenance.
Summary and Conclusions
Due to the location of the proposed NCDOT bridge and the lack of permanent access easements at the
Norfolk -Southern at -grade crossing and the land use restrictions associated with accessing through
Woody's Gun Club, the access to the sewer alignment between Old US-1 can only be accomplished via
culverted crossing of UT-Shaddox Creek and its adjacent wetland complex. An analysis of alternatives
indicated that Alternative 2, which is the proposed alignment, has the least amount of WOTUS impacts
and is the ecological preferable alignment. The access road through the alignment will be an unimproved
road that will have vegetation mechanically maintained periodically during the growing season to prevent
woody plant establishment, and based upon the predicted vehicular use rate, will not require addition of
hardened substrate.

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At -Grade Crossing
Christian Chapel
Church Access Road
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0 Proposed NCDOT Bridge General Shale Access Road
Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 2 (Selected Alternative)
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Figure 1 Alternatives Overview N
TIP Phase 1 Sewer Access Alternatives Analysis
Chatham County, NC
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TIP Phase 1 Sewer Alternatives Analysis
Chatham County, NC
FREESE
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- Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 1 Wetland Permanent Impacts
Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 1 Stream Permanent Impacts
® Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 2 Stream Permanent Impacts
® Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 2 Wetland Permanent Impacts
III Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 3 Wetland Permanent Impacts
Phase 1 Sewer Alternative 3 Stream Permanent Impacts
Figure 3 UT Shaddox Creek Impact Areas
TIP Phase 1 Sewer Alternatives Analysis
Chatham County, NC
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