19910326 Ver 1_Environmental Assessment_19940601

t
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission
Office of Hydropower Licensing
Final Environmental Assessment
Non project Use of Project Lands and Waters for
the City of Virginia Beach Water Supply Project
FERC 2009-003
June 1994
Applicant: Virginia Power
Brunswick County, Virginia
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Office of Hydropower Licensing
Division of Project Compliance and Administration
810 First Street NE
Washington, D.C. 20426
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page
1
2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 3
2.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSED ACTION 3
2.2 NEED FOR NON-PROJECT USE OF PROJECT LANDS AND WATERS 3
2.3 SCOPE OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 4
2.3.1 Regulatory Framework 4
2.3.2 Previous Environmental Assessments by Reference 7
2.3.3 Previous Studies Included by Reference 11
2.4 GROWTH, DEMAND AND -SUPPLY 12
2.4.1 Basin Wide Consumptive Demand 12
2.4.2 Demand Projections in Virginia Beach Area 16
3.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES 18
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTION 18
3.1.1 Project Operations 19
3.1.2 Alternatives to the Proposed Action 22
3.2 ALTERNATIVES 23
3.2.1 Desalination 23
3.2.2 Aquifer Storage Recovery System (ASR) Aquifer
Banking 23
3.2.3 Conservation and Water Management 24
3.2.4 Other Alternatives 25
3.2.5 Conclusion 26

1.
7'
5.4.2 Flow Regime/Mitigation from Kerr 41
5.4.3 Water Quality 42
5.4.3.1 Waste Assimilation/Dissolved Oxygen 43
5.4.3.2 Water Temperature 43
5.4.3.3 Aluminum 44
5.4.3.4 Salinity 44
5.4.3.5 Dioxins 44
5.4.4 Striped Bass and Other Fish Species 45
5.4.4.1 Striped Bass 45
5.4.4.2 Other Fish Species 45
5.4.5 Endangered Species 46
5.4.6 Socioeconomics and Land Use 46
5.4.7 Existing Water Consumption and Uses in the Roanoke River
Basin 47
5.4.8 Other Issues 48
5.4.8.1 Wetlands 48
5.4.8.2 Wildlife Refuge 48
5.5 DESCRIPTION OF TERMINUS ENVIRONMENT 49
5.5.1 Ennis Pond Channel 49
5.5.2 Lake Prince 49
5.5.3 Socioeconomics, Land Use and Water Demand 49
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 51
6.1 OVERVIEW 51
6.2 IMPACTS TO PROJECT 51
6.2.1 Project Hydropower Operations 51
6.2.2 Project Economics 51
6.2.3 Project Environment 52
6.5
6.6
6.4.4.1 Shortnose Sturgeon 66
6.4.5 Socioeconomics and Water Demand 66
6.4.5.1 Industrial Development 66
6.4.5.2 Agricultural Uses 67
6.4.5.3 Recreation 67
6.4.6 Other Issues 67
6.4.6.1 Wetlands 67
6.4.6.2 Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge 68
6.4.7 Air Quality 68
IMPACTS TO TERMINUS ENVIRONMENT 69
6.5.1 Lake Prince/Ennis Pond Channel 69
6.5.2 Red-Top Alternative 72
6.5.3 Socioeconomics and Water Demand 73
6.5.3.1 Economic Development 73
6.5.3.2 Water Demand 73
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 74
6.6.1 Project Lands and Waters 74
6.6.2 Pipeline Corridors 74
6.6.2.1 Environmental Impacts on the Pipeline Route 74
6.6.2.2 Socioeconomic Impacts on the Pipeline Route 75
6.6.3 Lower Roanoke River Basin 75
6.6.3.1 Environmental Impacts in the Lower Roanoke
River Basin on Water Quantity 78
6.6.3.2 Socioeconomic Impacts. in the Lower Roanoke
River Basin 81
6.6.4 Terminus 82

v

FIGURES
Figure 1 Regional Map and Pipeline Alignment
Figure 2 Intake location, Lake Gaston
Figure 3 Location of Principal Project Features
Figure 4 Pea Hill Creek Facilities
vii
Page
6
20
21
33
'I
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This final environmental assessment (FEA) evaluates potential environmental impacts
associated with the construction and operation of the proposed Virginia Beach Water
Supply Project. Virginia Power, licensee for the Gaston and Roanoke Rapids Project
(FERC No. 2009), filed an application on February 21, 1991, for Non-project Use of
Project Lands and Waters. The application, if approved by the Commission, would allow
Virginia Beach to construct a water intake structure on Pea Hill Creek Cove of Lake
Gaston in order to convey water, through the proposed construction of an approximate
76-mile-long pipeline, to connect with the City of Norfolk's water facilities. The proposal
would provide up to 60 million gallons per day of water to Virginia Beach, and secondary
users including the municipalities of Chesapeake and Franklin and the County of Isle of
Wight.
The staff analyzed impacts that would occur to environmental resources in the following
areas: the Project lands which include Lake Gaston and the project boundary adjacent
to the proposed water intake structure; the pipeline corridor including the proposed
pipeline right-of-way (ROW) and adjacent lands; the Roanoke River downstream from
the Gaston and Roanoke Rapids Project; and the terminus of the pipeline, including the
Virginia Beach area. The environmental resources selected for analysis in this FEA
were defined in staff's draft environmental assessment (IDEA), issued July 23, 1993,
and/or identified in comments received on the IDEA.
The alternatives described in this FEA included desalination, aquifer storage recovery
system banking, and conservation and water management. In addition, conjunctive use
(the smaller scale development of a variety of sources including ground water, surface
water, system surpluses, waste, desalination, conservation, and growth) was identified
as an alternative warranting further consideration. Staff concluded that, although some
of the alternatives identified above may not be technically feasible, all of the alternatives
had been previously reviewed using economic cost estimates that were dated and
therefore warranted additional detailed analyses based on the current economics of the
alternatives.
From its environmental analysis, staff concludes that impacts to environmental
resources, associated with the construction and operation of the proposed water supply
project, would cause minor impacts (either with no mitigation implemented, or with the
implementation of mitigative measures) in those areas of Project lands that include Lake
Gaston and the proposed intake location, the pipeline corridor including the proposed
pipeline ROW and adjacent lands, and the terminus of the pipeline, including the Virginia
Beach area.
Staffs analysis in this FEA concerning the level of impacts, both individual and
cumulative, to the environmental resources in the Roanoke River downstream from the
Gaston and Roanoke Rapids Project are based on the availability of flows in the
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9
AQUATIC sPECIRS
x x x x x x x x x STRIPED BASS
x x WALLEYE
HAWAT AND It"M ISSUES
x x x x x x x WETLANDS
x x x x x NATIONAL WUX FE REFUGE
x x x x MANTAT fRAGMENTATIONIBgpNERSITY
x X 1 I x x x FORESTED MANTAT
x NEOTROP CAL M03RANT BREED04 BIRO
x MYDRILLA
x x MATIONAI, ESTUARY SYSTEM
x x x x x x OCANOEREDSPECES
OTHER LANG USE AND RESOURCE ISSUES
x x x PEA HILL CREEK
x x x x x Wt&PRW=
x x x x AGRICtA.TURAL LANDS,
x x RIGMTCf.WAY
GROWTH, WATER DaMAND AND SUPPLY
x x x x x x x DEMO PROJECTIONS
x x x x x x x x Ix x x DOWNSTPEAMCONSL*NnIQN
x x x x x x x x x x x x LPSTWEAMCCNSAornoN
SOGDECON000S
X1 x PROPERTY VALUES
x x RECREATION
x x x x x x BMACTS TO EXISTING USES
WATER QUALITY AND QUANTM
x x OIOXIN
x x x x SALIIMTY
x x x x x OTHER WATER QUALM ISSUES
x x x x x x x x x x x x x PLOW REGt PJMIMATION FF M KERB
x x x x x x x x x FLUCTUATIONS IN THE RESEW400
x x x x x W(rH RAWALMORATpWM
X1 x LOST MYDROPONrMAM DUALITY
x x x SUPPLY ALTERNAMS
x x x OMAX ATDN

- x - _
x x DTNETI SMACESW0LlN0WATBMWPLUSE-5SURFACE
x x cONJUNCTNE USE
MOCEDURAL AND A0IMASTRATTVE ISSUES
X I X x x x x EM NEEDED
x x x x X1 I x x oump- sam TRANSFER OF WATER
x x x x x x x x x MOM STUM NEEDED
x x IDI4PR0=lSE VS. LICENSE AMENDMENT
x x x =A CCNSLSTENCY APPEAL STATUS
x x x x ' x x x CUMULATI" WPACTS
x x x x GROWTH N NORTH CAROLINA
x x x x x GROWTH w sE vrKuw
x x x WASTE ASSIMILATION
x x sAjwrv
x x OTHER WATER oumjiY tssms
x x x x STAVED BUSS
x x x WETLANDS
x x x AGRICULTURAL LANDS
x x x LOW (LOWS
x x 1067 FA OROPOWEFVAIR OUAUTY
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;ey; spua;uoo euliojeO 41JoN Ised ay; JOAO saseajoap uol;elndod pulyaq ?tjoay;
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sse8 pa lj;S c-v-q
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jo :podsuej; ay; joa.4e pinoo seseelaj paseajoap jo paseajoul jo asneoeq Aoo an
jam w sa6ue 1
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ul spuewap and;dwnsuoo paseajoul o; pa;elaj suolppuoo ajn;n; `jana?noH •suol;!puoo
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eq ;ou plnom aseajeap ay; asneoeq pue suol;!puoo 6ugslxe y;!m pajedwoo flews
aq plnom aseejoap ay; asneoa8 'a6je4oslp je;eM ysajl paseajoep ay; ;o asneoeq
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asay; yoiynn o; ;ua;xa ayl -awloap o; anui;uoo sayoeaj janij jannol ay; w suoi;elndod
sseq pedij;s ay; '6uiNoel si sawi6aj nnog punoj-jean( jol sseq leoiuyoa; ay; gBnoy;jy
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6wujaouoo s;sixa /(;uie:paoun ;uaio!4ns 'nnopuinn 6uiunneds sseq pedij;s ay; apis;no
uoi;elnBei nnog jol peau ay; :poddns o; aouapina Aue pa;uesajd sjo;uawwoo ay; jo
auou pue 'uoi;epuawwooaj siy; :poddns o; :podaj ay; ui aouapina ou puU plnoo }4e;s
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;ey; papuawwooaj jay:pnj :podaj ayl •punoi-jean papeau we sseq pedij;s ;oa;ojd
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•sdjo0 ay;
Aq pepnpuoo GsesAlaue oiBolojpA4 snojoBij„ !q pe:poddns eje uoi;eBi;iw 6uwpjeBei
suoisniouoo ay;;ey; spua;uoo yoea8 eiui6j!A •(O L-8 `d '896L 'JOSS '9 'd '986L
'y39) „sseq peduls 9jjew9qjy/9MoueoN ay; jo seBe;s alit jeoipjo ay; 6uijnp asneo
p1noo pefojd sly; yoiynn aoueog!uft lewiuiw uana }o s;o9.49 asjanpe Aue 10 ?4!j gissod
ay; a;euiwile Allen:jin„ pinonn uoi;e6i;iw siy; ;ey; pue '„ nnopuinn 6uwunneds„ (Aep-9,L jo)
Aep-L9 ay; w04 ssol Aue jo uoi;e6i;iw;ueojad.OOL as;uejen6 0;;ueio!,4ns aje s;y6ij
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% OOL ajnsse p1nonn slennejpy;inn Alddns ja;enn ejn;n;;uelddns o; jionjasa?j
jja>i w 96ejo;s jewi ppe aseyojnd o; lesodojd s,yoea8 eiui6jin;ey; puno} sdjo0 ayl
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LL6 L-;sod ay; jo esneo ledioupd ay; uaaq sey 6u14syjan0 ;ey; punol sdjo0 ay;
;nq 'uise8 jania a?oueoa ay; ui ;uawpnjoaj sseq peduls nnol jo esneo Aluo ay; eq ;ou
stew 6uiys!:p9no ;ey; 6ui;e;s 'swielo euilojeO 4PON ay; o; pepuodsaj yoea8 eiuiftA
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6ui:poddns papinojd osle ewlojeO 4PON •sseq pedij;s jo speau ay;;aaw o;
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941 ul MOU OLOL ayl aonpaj jou plnonn uolloe pasodojd ayl 'jaq:pn3 quawdolanap
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jamol 941 ul }uewdolanap olwouooa 9jnV4 ulejlsuoo plnoo uoljoe pasodojd 941 leyl:
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FWS, (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 1988. Letter to FERC requesting an EIS as a
result of deficiencies in report by Corps (ND). August 5, 1988.
FWS. 1992. Report to Congress for the North Carolina Striped Bass Study,
Albemarle Sound and Roanoke River. Prepared by FWS in consultation
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 1992.
FWS. 1993. "Review of Environmental Assessment for Non-project Use of Project
Lands and Waters for the City of Virginia Beach Water Supply Project",
FERC No. 2009-003, Brunswick County, Virginia. September 23, 1993.
Gaston and Roanoke Rapids: "Application for FERC City of Virginia Beach, 1991.
Approval of Non-Project Use of Project Lands and Waters for Virginia Beach
Water Supply Project, Exhibit 1-8.
Gates, J.E. 1991. "Powerline Corridors, Edge Effects, and Wildlife in Forested
Landscapes of the Central Appalachians", pp. 13-32. In: J.E. Rodiek and E.G.
Bolen. (eds.) Wildlife and Habitats in Managed Landscapes. Island Press,
Washington, D.C. p. 220.
Geise, G.L., H.B. Wilder and G.G. Parker, Jr. 1985. Hydrology of Maior Estuaries
and Sounds of North Carolina. USGS Water Supply Paper 2221, 180
pp. including references.
Geraghty and Miller, Inc. April 1978 Availability of Groundwater for Public Supply in
the City of Virginia Beach. Virginia, for Wiley and Wilson, Inc., for the City of
Virginia Beach, 57 pages. NC Documents, Volume I, Tab 14.
Geraghty and Miller, Inc. March 1979 Availability of Ground Water in the
Southeastern Virginia Groundwater Management Area, prepared
for Virginia State Water Study Commission, Excerpts. NC
Documents, Volume I, Tab 15.
H.W. Dupont Corp., presented at seminar, 29 June 1990, Seawater Desalination by
Reverse Osmosis: Current Status of Technology and Economics, Pohland, 7
pp. including references. NC Documents, Volume II, Tab. 33.
Hampton Roads Planning District Commission, 22 July 1993, Water Supply Position
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Presentation to the State Water Commission, 8 pp. VAB Documents, Tab 2.
Hampton Roads Planning District Commission, HRPDC Work Program FY 1990-91
The Economic Impact of a Growth Moratorium and Desalination on the City of
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91
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Letter from U.S. Army Corps.of Engineers, Norfolk District, to U.S. Fish and Wildlife
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Letter from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk
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Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, clarification of issues, to: M.G. Holt (NOAH),
from: W.E. Harrell, Director of Public Utilities, City of Suffolk, 28 February
1992, 2 pp. VAB Documents, Tab 9.
Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, inaccuracies in document, to: M.G. Holt
(NOAA), from: J.W. Rein, City Manager, City of Chesapeake, 28 February
1992. VAB Documents, Tab 10.
Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, inaccuracies in document, to: M.G. Holt
(NOAA), from: R.B. Stroube, VA State Health Commissioner, 27 February
94
1992, 10 pp. VAB Documents, Tab 6.
Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, inaccuracies in document, to: M.G. Holt
(NOAA), from: R.L. Taylor, Southampton County Administrator, 28 February
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Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, inaccuracies in document, to: M.G. Holt,
from: R.B. Stroube, State Health Commissioner, State of Virginia, 27 February
1992, 10 pp. VAB Documents, Tab 18. (OCCURS TWICE)
Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, to: M.G. Holt (NOAA), from: J.J. Jackson,
Franklin City Manager, 26 February 1992, 1 p. VAB Documents, Tab 22.
Letter, Subject: NC Consistency appeal, to: M.G. Holt (NOAA), from: N.S. Windley,
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Letter, Subject: Norfolk comments on consistency appeal, to: M.G. Holt (NOAH),
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Letter, Subject: Water Supply vs. Demand and The Short Term Water Supply and
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Malcolm Pirnie, Inc., 1991. FERC Application for Project No. 2009, Exhibit 8,
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National Marine Fisheries Service, Motion to Intervene, 1 May 1991 NC-89.
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North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division
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North Carolina v. Hudson, 731 F. Supp. 1261 (E.D.N.C. 1990), affd, Roanoke River
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102
9.0 LIST OF PREPARERS
FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
Edmondson, Steven FERC Task Monitor
CONTRACTOR TEAM
Dwyer, Robert, Ph.D. (B.S., Life Sciences; M.S., Biology; Ph.D., Oceanography) Over
twenty years experience managing and implementing environmental programs, fifteen
of which have dealt with hydropower impact assessment and licensing, especially
concerning water resources issues.
Edwards, Susan, AICP. (B.S., Mass -Communications; M.S:; Regional
Planning). Fifteen years of experience in impact analysis, land use and
environmental planning.
Emmanuel, Gary, P.E. (B.S., Civil Engineering; M.S., Civil Engineering)
Fourteen years experience in managing environmental engineering programs
involving surface water hydrology and modeling, dam safety and stability analysis,
and water source systems planning and design.
Hall, Peter, Ph.D. (B.S., Geography; M.A.; Economic Geography; Ph.D., Civil
Engineering, Transportation). Fifteen years experience in managing socioeconomic
impact assessments, regional economic analyses, transportation studies, and cultural
resource assessments.
Hopkins, Philip., L.P.P, (B.S. Economics, M.S. City and Regional Planning). Fifteen
years experience in conducting and managing economic, environmental, electric
utility, and land use planning and impact assessments.
Klosowski, Robert (B.S., Electrical Engineering; M.S., Civil Engineering)
Four years of experience in civil/hydraulic and electrical engineering.
Knorr, Donald F. (B.A., Biology; M.A., Biology)
Nineteen years of experience in managing and conducting environmental
assessments, aquatic, fisheries and wetland assessments.
Steinmiller, Eric (B.E., Chemical Engineering; M.B.A., Finance)
Three years of engineering experience in consulting and private industry.
103
Synoracki, Daniel (B.S., Biology)
Five years of experience in environmental assessments including terrestrial ecology
and wetlands.
Tent, James (B.S., Biology; M.S., Fisheries Biology)
Deputy Project Manager for this DEIS. Eighteen years experience in assessing the
environmental impacts of power industry facilities including ecological, engineering,
and economic assessments of nuclear, fossil, and hydroelectric projects throughout
the United States.
Weaver, Kelley L. (B.S., Environmental Studies; M.S., Water Resources)
Eight years experience in conducting water resources assessment and planning
studies.
Young. Carol (B_S_, Civil FnginP_pring; M F r *l Engineering
Ten years experience combined civil and environmental engineering design,
environmental assessment and hydrologic, hydrodynamic and water quality modeling.

104