19950274 Ver 1_Mitigation Information_19851215

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources 4
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor 1:3 Fdft
E N F�
Jonathan B. Howes, Secreta ry
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
June 15, 1995
Mr. Lawrence R. Zucchino, ASLA
Patton/Zucchino & Associates, P.A.
Cooper Square
17 Glenwood Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27603
Dear Mr. Zucchino:
Subject: Mitigation proposal for Landfall- Horseshoe Lake Complex
New Hanover County
I apologize for the delay in submitting comments on the subject proposal. I have reviewed
the information you have submitted and have outlined below the additional information that should
be included in the final mitigation proposal. I have also enclosed a copy of the Wilmington District
Corps of Engineers "Compensatory Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines" which may be of assistance
to you. The overall mitigation proposal and background information was very thorough and
presented in an understandable format. Based on the information provided, I believe that this
proposal has an excellent chance to be successful and to provide significant water quality benefits.
Although the mitigation proposal is an integral part of the review of your request for a 401 Water
Quality Certification for this project, these comments should not be interpreted as a
recommendation that the certification be issued. As you are aware, that decision will be made
based on the recommendations of the Wilmington Regional Office and the information submitted
with your application.
INFORMATION NEEDED
SUCCESS CRITERIA: specify the following information for each wetland type
• HYDROLOGY: duration of flooding, ponding or saturation (minimum acceptable
is saturated within 12 inches of the surface for 12.5% of the growing season)
• VEGETATION: survival of planted species (usually expressed in trees/acres or %
cover for herbaceous species)
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
• PLOTS: number and location
• FREQUENCY: number of times each parameter monitored per year
• DURATION: number of years monitoring will be conducted
• METHODS: how each parameter will be monitored
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
• AS -BUILT PLANS
• ANNUAL MONITORING REPORTS
• FINAL REPORT
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626 -0535 Telephone [phone] FAX 919 - 733 -2496
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post - consumer paper

• PROVISIONS FOR REMEDIAL ACTIONS IF NECESSARY TO ENSURE SUCCESS
• FINAL DISPOSITION OF SITE
I look forward to working with you to complete the development of this proposal. If you
have any questions concerning these comments or need assistance in providing this information I
can be reached at 919 - 733 -0026.
Sincerely,
Lj
Ronald E. Ferrell
cc: Jim Gregson, WiRO
John Dorney

June 15, 1995
Mr. Lawrence R. Zucchino, ASLA
Patton/Zucchino & Associates, P.A.
Cooper Square
17 Glenwood Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27603
Dear Mr. Zucchino:
Subject: Mitigation proposal for Landfall Horseshoe Lake Complex
New Hanover County
I apologize for the delay in submitting comments on the subject proposal. I have reviewed
the information you have submitted and have outlined below the additional information that should
be included in the final mitigation proposal. I have also enclosed a copy of the Wilmington District
Corps of Engineers "Compensatory Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines" which may be of assistance
to you. The overall mitigation proposal and background information was very thorough and
presented in an understandable format. Based on the information provided, I believe that this
proposal has an excellent chance to be successful and to provide significant water quality benefits.
Although the mitigation proposal is an integral part of the review of your request for a 401 Water
Quality Certification for this project, these comments should not be interpreted as a
recommendation that the certification be issued As you are aware, that decision will be made
based on the recommendations of the Wilmington Regional Office and the information submitted
with your application.
INFORMATION NEEDED
SUCCESS CRITERIA: specify the following information for each wetland type
• HYDROLOGY: duration of flooding, ponding or saturation (minimum acceptable
is saturated within 12 inches of the surface for 12.5% of the growing season)
• VEGETATION: survival of planted species (usually expressed in trees/acres or %
cover for herbaceous species)
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
• PLOTS: number and location
• FREQUENCY: number of times each parameter monitored per year
• DURATION: number of years monitoring will be conducted
• METHODS: how each parameter will be monitored
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
• AS -BUILT PLANS
• ANNUAL MONITORING REPORTS
• FINAL REPORT

PROVISIONS FOR REMEDIAL ACTIONS IF NECESSARY TO ENSURE SUCCESS
FINAL DISPOSITION OF SITE
I look forward to working with you to complete the development of this proposal. If you
have any questions concerning these comments or need assistance in providing this information I
can be reached at 919- 733 -0026.
Sincerely,
Ronald E. Ferrell
cc: Jim Grregson, WiRO
John Domey

PATON / ZUCCHINO
& ASSOC XITS. h A.
March 22, 1995
Mr. Ron Ferrell
North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626 -0533
RE: Landfall - Horseshoe Lake Complex
Dear Ron:
At the request of Jim Gregson, I have enclosed a copy of our recent application for an Individual 404
Permit for the Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall.
Please feel free to contact me as needed with any questions or for clarification as you begin your review for
the 401 Certification. I am available to meet with you at your convenience.
Very truly yours,
L01&
�
Lawrence R. cchino, ASLA
Paton/Zucchino & Associates, P.A.
Enclosure
LRZ /cac
cc: Mr. Jim Gregson, NCDEM
Land Planning
Landscape Architecture
Cooper Square
17 Glenwood Ave.
Raleigh, N.C. 27603
919- 834 -8620
FAX- 919- 828 -7068

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HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX AT LANDFALL
' NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
APPLICATION FOR INDIVIDUAL 404 PERMIT
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
' NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
LAND AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
PATON /ZUCCHINO & ASSOCIATES, P.A.
RALEIGH, NC (919) 834 -8620
FEBRUARY 1, 1995
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
BROOKS, PIERCE, McLENDON, HUMPHREY & LEONARD
GREENSBORO, NC
'
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING
CZR, INC.
'
WILMINGTON, NC
'
ENGINEERING
THE JOHN R. MCADAMS COMPANY, INC.
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC
'
SURVEYING
HANOVER DESIGN SERVICES, P.A.
'
WILMINGTON, NC
FEBRUARY 1, 1995

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX PROJECT AT LANDFALL
NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 PROPOSED PROJECT 1
2.0
PURPOSE AND NEED
4
3.0
AFFECTED
ENVIRONMENT
3.1
Topography
10
3.2
Soils
10
3.3
Surface Waters
10
3.4
Vegetation Resources
10
3.5
Section 404 Jurisdictional Areas
10
3.6
Wildlife Resources
11
3.7
Threatened and Endangered Species
11
3.8
Unique Natural Areas
11
4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
4.1
Topography
12
4.2
Soils
12
4.3
Surface Waters
12
4.4
Vegetation Resources
12
4.5
Section 404 Jurisdictional Areas
13
4.6
Wildlife Resources
13
4.7
Threatened and Endangered Species
13
4.8
Unique Natural Areas
13
5.0
MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1
Introduction
15
5.2
Avoidance and Minimization
15
5.3
Evaluation of Wetland Functions and Values
20
5.3.1
Water Storage
22
5.3.2
Bank/Shoreline Stabilization
22
5.3.3
Pollutant Removal
22
5.3.4
Sensitive Watershed
22
5.3.5
Travel Corridor
22
5.3.6
Special Ecological Attributes
23
5.3.7
Wildlife Habitat
23
5.3.8
Aquatic Life Value
25
5.3.9
Recreation/Education
25
5.3.10 Economic Value
25
5.4
Summary of Lower Horseshoe Lake Maintenance Activities
25
5.5
Rationale for Proposed Mitigation Ratios
28
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

J
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1.
Wetland Impact and Mitigation Measures Summary
6
Table 2.
Affected Communities and Habitat Mitigation and Post
14
Figure 3.
Project Summary
7
Table 3.
Wetland Impact by Development Activity
16
Table 4.
Summary of Potential Wetland Impacts by Previous Marina
16
Figure 6.
and Upper Lake Development Plans
17
Table 5.
Valuation of Existing Wetland Communities Using DEM
21
Figure 8.
Wetland Rating System
19
Table 6.
Wetland Valuation in Horseshoe Lake Complex
23
for Existing and Post Project Conditions
Table 7
Mitigation Plant Materials Specifications and Quantities
24
Summary
Table 8.
Horseshoe Lake Maintenance Excavation Summary
26
Table 9.
Valuation of Future Section 404 Communities Without the
29
Project in Upper Lake Using DEM Wetland Rating System
Table 10.
Valuation of Future Section 404 Communities With the Project
30
in Upper Lake area Using DEM Wetland Rating System
Table 11.
Approximate Scores of Horseshoe Lake Complex Using
31
DEM Wetland Rating System
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
Landfall Location Map
2
Figure 2.
Horseshoe Lake Complex Location Map
3
Figure 3.
1994 Aerial Photo of Horseshoe Lake Complex Project Area
7
Figure 4.
Proposed Development Program for Project Area
8
Figure 5.
Landfall Master Plan Brochure Map
9
Figure 6.
1985 Marina Plan
17
Figure 7.
1990 Marina Plan
18
Figure 8.
1994 Upper Lake Plan
19
Figure 9.
1984 Aerial Photo of Horseshoe Lake Complex
27
ii
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A DCM/COE Permit Application
APPENDIX B Plant Communities of the Horseshoe Lake Area
APPENDIX C Upper Lake Routing Summary Report
APPENDIX D Soil Test Boring Report
APPENDIX E Project Plats (8'/2" x 11" Format)
LIST OF PLATS
PLAT 1
Existing Conditions
PLAT 2
Historic Environmental Conditions
PLAT 3
Existing Plant Communities
PLAT 4
Project Impact
PLAT 5
Historic Wetland Impacts
PLAT 6
Upper Lake Area Mitigation Plan
PLAT 7
Horseshoe Lake Complex Mitigation Detail
PLAT 8
Development Program
PLAT 9
Project Details
iii
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

1.0 PROPOSED PROJECT
Landfall is a residential and recreational area under development by Landfall Associates (Landfall) a
North Carolina General Partnership. Landfall is on a 2,250 -acre tract (Landfall Tract) formerly
known as the Pembroke Jones Estate in eastern New Hanover County. The Landfall Tract is
' roughly bordered by Eastwood Road (US 74) to the south, the Intracoastal Waterway to the east,
Howe Creek to the north, and a Carolina Power and Light powerline (roughly parallel to and just
east of Old Military Cutoff to the west (Figure 1). Begun in 1984, residential development
1 consists of single family homes, townhouses and recreational facilities including two golf courses
and a tennis complex on the Landfall Tract.
' Landfall needs to restore and enhance the open waters and wetland areas of the Horseshoe Lake
Complex (also referred to as Project Area) to provide for a change in use from the previously
' proposed development of a large marina into a residential community surrounding an ecologically
integrated and stable lake and wetland habitat system.
I The residential development addressed in this Environmental Assessment is planned for the 83.61 -
acre Project Area surrounding an upper lake area (referred to herein as Upper Lake) and the
original Horseshoe Lake (referred to herein as Horseshoe Lake). This Project Area is depicted in
Figure 2. The proposed project will involve the reconfiguration of the man -made Upper Lake and
the maintenance of the man -made Horseshoe Lake to:
1. Control stormwater run -of from adjacent residential areas.
2. Function as a settling pond to protect the marsh and open water areas of Middle Sound
from excess nutrients and sediment associated with residential development.
' 3. Substantially enhance a degraded wetland complex.
4. Provide improved wildlife habitat.
5. Create a setting more attractive to the adjoining residential subdivision.
' 6. Provide a mechanism for long -term wetland and open water management.
Landfall proposes to construct a dam between Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake to create two open
twater lakes surrounded by a mixture of marsh vegetation that blends into forested wetlands and to
construct a bridge to connect lands adjacent to Horseshoe Lake. The reconfigurated Upper Lake
will occupy approximately 12.51 acres (5.99 acres of open water and 6.52 acres of wetland) and
have a normal pool at elevation 4.5 feet MSL. The Upper Lake water level will be maintained with
inverted siphons and spillway. Maintenance of Horseshoe Lake by removing accumulated silt and
vegetation will restore the lake to conditions present in 1984. The wetland areas around both lakes
will be enhanced, where appropriate, to create an expanded and diverse wetland marsh fringe
bounded by areas of wetland forest. Upland areas intermixed with existing wetlands around the
' lakes will be converted to higher quality wetlands. Residential parcels will be developed on uplands
surrounding the lake complex (Plat 8).
-I-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

FIGURE 1 Landfall Location Map
-2-
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LANDFALL
'ilk
FIGURE 1 Landfall Location Map
-2-
LANDFALL
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LOCATION OF LANDFALL
-WALE: I" - 3.33 mi
JAPPROVE—DBY
DPAWN By
DATE: June 1994
'ZR
FIGURE 1
CP 1150.08
FIGURE 1 Landfall Location Map
-2-

FIGURE 2 Horseshoe Lake Complex Location Map
-3-
)RSESHOE
LAKE
COMPLEX
A
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' 2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED
1
Landfall acquired the Project Area in 1984 as part of the Landfall Tract. Landfall developed a
master plan for the entire Landfall Tract which provided for development of a large marina and
related facilities in the Project Area (Figure 5).
Landfall filed a revised application with the Wilmington District of the U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers (COE) and the Division of Coastal Management (DCM) of the North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources on 15 October 1985 to construct a
1,003 -slip marina in the Project Area. The marina project included a boat basin of 27.83 acres and
the filling and inundation of 11.5 acres of adjacent wetlands (Figure 6). This application drew a
variety of negative comments from the COE, DCM, other interested agencies, and some adjacent
landowners. However, the application has never been denied or withdrawn, and the work on a
marina project has never been abandoned. Several revised and reduced marina plans were
developed for the Project Area and discussed with the COE, the latest in the summer of 1990.
Development of the residential subdivisions and recreational facilities of the overall Landfall Tract
began in 1984. Throughout the course of the construction, the. a source
er consistent with the anticipated expansion of the Horseshoe Lake
Complex into a large marina basin. Thes an
or a e e. These area°
to These activities
resulted in the unintentional ® f wetlands (Figure 3).
In the late summer of 1991, the National Wildlife Federation and its North Carolina affiliate gave
notice of intent to file a civil action seeking to prevent certain development activities in the Landfall
tract. The Complaint was filed in January 1992. This litigation disrupted development activities
and delayed consideration of a revised marina design for the Project Area. This litigation was
resolved by Consent Decree and a Dismissal with Prejudice in the spring of 1993.
With the Dismissal, Landfall retained Paton/Zucchino & Associates, PA (PZA) to develop a marina
' plan acceptable to the COE and the DCM. As PZA's work progressed, it became apparent to
Landfall that development of a marina commensurate with the upscale nature of the Landfall
t community would likely elicit continued regulatory and public opposition. Landfall requested that
PZA develop an alternative that would restore the area to a stable and functional natural state and
make it amenable to adjacent residential development. If
If this permit i
Figure 4 is a proposed summary plan for reconstructing the site to provide for residential
development in a natural setting. The plan provides for:
' Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
-4-

3. The preservation of 7.85 acres of pre -1984 natural and man -made wetlands, 1.34 acres of
stormwater ponds, and 2.99 acres of open water at the Horseshoe Lake Complex.
The goal of this plan is to provide for effective stormwater management in developed residential
areas with improved and increased wetland fringe areas that will be permanently sustained by
adjacent open water areas.
By implementing this plan, Landfall will have re es of wetlands in the
Project Area and will have impacted AVORWres of natural pre -1984 wetlands areas for ate,.
mitigation ratio, without taking into consideration enhancement and preservation credits. After
' consideration of appropriate mitigation credits for all activities, the proposed project will result in a
greater than 3 to 1 mitigation ratio for impacts on natural pre -1984 wetland areas.
1
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Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
1. Removing siltation from Horseshoe Lake to return the lake to the conditions as they existed
when Landfall purchased the property in 1984 (see Figure 10 on aerial photograph of the
'
Project Area taken in 1984). Thereafter, enhancing or creating stable and diverse wetland
fringes bounded by forested wetlands will improve water quality protection and increase
wildlife habitat.
'
2. Contouring the recently, man -made Upper Lake area to provide for deep water and a higher
'
quality, continuous wetland littoral fringe bounded by forested wetlands. This will require
the fl- n -made wetland areas and ANSWres
of prate- etlands. However, this unified plan for the Horseshoe Lake Complex will
'
return the area to a functioning, higher quality natural environment which will include the
restoration of 0.56 acres of prior converted wetlands, creation of 3.24 acres of wetlands
from existing uplands, the enhancement of 4.64 acres of existing wetlands, and the creation
'
of 4.73 acres of new open -water habitat (Tables 1 and 2).
3. The preservation of 7.85 acres of pre -1984 natural and man -made wetlands, 1.34 acres of
stormwater ponds, and 2.99 acres of open water at the Horseshoe Lake Complex.
The goal of this plan is to provide for effective stormwater management in developed residential
areas with improved and increased wetland fringe areas that will be permanently sustained by
adjacent open water areas.
By implementing this plan, Landfall will have re es of wetlands in the
Project Area and will have impacted AVORWres of natural pre -1984 wetlands areas for ate,.
mitigation ratio, without taking into consideration enhancement and preservation credits. After
' consideration of appropriate mitigation credits for all activities, the proposed project will result in a
greater than 3 to 1 mitigation ratio for impacts on natural pre -1984 wetland areas.
1
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-5-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

TABLE 1. Wetland Impact and Mitigation Measures Summary for Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall.
1. PROJECT AREA DATA
Project Area Open Water
Project Area Wetlands
Project Area Uplands
Total Project Area
2. WETLAND ALTERATIONS BY PRIOR ACTIVITIES
Wetland Created by Prior Activities
Wetland Converted to Upland by Prior Activities
3. WETLAND IMPACTS
Wetlands Filled
Wetlands Flooded
Proposed Wetland Impact Total
4. WETLAND MITIGATION MEASURES
RESTORATION
Prior Converted Wetland to Wetland Restoration Credit
Prior Converted Wetland to Wetland Restoration Credit
CREATION
Upland to Wetland Creation
Open Water Habitat (From Existing Uplands)
Open Water Habitat (From Existing Wetlands)
Wetland and Open Water Creation Credit
ENHANCEMENT
t Open Water to Wetland Enhancement
Wetland Enhancement
Wetland Enhancement Credit
L
r
PRESERVATION
Existing Wetland Habitat (Upper Lake Wetland Zone)
Existing Wetland Habitat (Upper Lake Drainageways)
Existing Wetland Habitat (Horseshoe Lake Perimeter)
Existing Open Water Habitat (Upper Lake)
Existing Open Water Habitat (Horseshoe Lake)
Existing Open Water Habitat (2 Stormwater Ponds)
Wetland and Open Water Habitat Preservation Credit
Restoration + Creation + Enhancement + Preservation =
5. HORSESHOE LAKE MAINTENANCE SUMMARY
Maintenance Excavation - Cattail Marsh
Maintenance Excavation - Open Water
Maintenance Excavation Total
-6-
5.87 AC
15.65 AC
62.09 AC
83.61 AC
4.99 AC
1.13 AC
Natural
Man-Made
Wetlands
Wetlands
0.31 AC
0.33 AC 0.64 AC
1.98 AC
0.95 AC 2.93 AC
2.29 AC
1.28 AC 3.57 AC
0.56 AC
@ 1:1 Credit =
0.56 AC
0.56 AC
0.56 AC
3.24 AC
@ 1:1 Credit =
3.24 AC
1.81 AC
@ 3:1 Credit =
0.60 AC
2.92 AC
@ 5:1 Credit =
0.58 AC
7.97 AC
4.42 AC
0.23 AC
@ 4:1 Credit =
0.06 AC
4.41 AC
@ 4:1 Credit =
1.10 AC
4.64 AC
1.15 AC
0.77 AC
@ 10:1 Credit =
0.08 AC
0.87 AC
@ 10:1 Credit =
0.09 AC
5.09 AC
@ 10:1 Credit =
0.51 AC
1.30 AC
@ 10:1 Credit=
0.13 AC
2.99 AC
@ 10:1 Credit=
0.30 AC
1.34 AC
@ 10:1 Credit =
0.13 AC
12.32 AC
1.24 AC
25.49 AC
7.37 AC
1.16 AC
3.00 AC
4.16 AC
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

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FIGURE 3. 1994 Aerial Photo of Horseshoe Lake Complex Project Area. (Not to scale)

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FIGURE 4 Proposed Development Program for Project Area
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FIGURE 4 Proposed Development Program for Project Area
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' 3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT
' 3.1 Topography_ Much of the existing topography in Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake
study area is a direct result of previous alterations by man. Horseshoe Lake was created in the 1920's
as the result of a berm/dam constructed perpendicular to a natural drain over natural contours.
Removal of sand soils from areas surrounding Horseshoe Lake during 1987 through 1990 has
lowered elevations and altered the topography. Elevations within the study area range generally from
2 feet to 40 feet above sea level.
3.2 Soils_ Soils of the Project Area have been significantly altered by past lake construction
and excavation activities. The historic drain is mapped as hydric Torhunta loamy fine sand. The
areas surrounding the drain are mapped as non -hydric Lakeland sand. Much of the Torhunta loamy
fine sand was inundated Horseshoe Lake was created. Much of the surrounding Lakeland Sand has
been excavated and removed from the site in recent years (Appendix D).
3.3 Surface Waters. Existing surface waters in the Project Area are primarily impounded
within Horseshoe Lake and adjacent excavated areas referred to as Upper Lake. Water from an
approximate and exits the lake
system primarily through a culvert in the southeast corner of Horseshoe Lake. Water from
HoAo1an&4a -i - -fir nq 1 t!1 ll— . (` + — —1, er 0 8go - i " n --- • 'a {}PT' t `ziwseaatlCi
Intracoastal Waterway (AIW). The National Wetlands Inventory Map for the area identifies
Horseshoe Lake as a palustrine, nonconsolidated mud bottom, permanently flooded,
' diked /impounded system. The presence of living cat -tails adjacent to the culvert indicates that the
lake is elevated enough to prevent regular saltwater intrusion.
3.4 Vegetation Resources. Man - related disturbances to the area have resulted in relatively
young vegetation communities that are characteristic of early successional habitats. Plant communities
of Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake Project Area were described and delineated by CZR Incorporated
in 1994 (Appendix B). Communities and habitats described in the report include mixed herbaceous
assemblage, shrub - scrub, upland forest, cat -tail marsh, mixed marsh, wetland forest and open water.
' 3.5 Section 404 Jurisdictional Areas. Current Section 404 jurisdictional areas (wetlands
and waters of the U.S.) in the study area are more extensive than historic conditions. Additional
' wetl f e s ries.
The excavation ed water to pool in low relief areas and has
created patchy wetland conditions. Wetlands surround the open water in narrow bands of relatively
' distinct vegetation communities. Areas regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) under
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act were delineated in the Project Area by CZR Incorporated and
were confirmed by the COE on 07 March 1994 (Plat 1).
' Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
-10-

1
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I
1
3.6 Wildlife Resources. Wildlife of the Project Area is characteristic of open, young
successional habitats and freshwater marshes. Upland communities of the Project Area are primarily
disturbed old field habitats that have been mowed regularly over the past few years. Wildlife use of
these open areas includes many animals that range over a variety of habitats. White - tailed deer
(Odocoileus virginianus), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), gray fox ( Urocyon
cinereoargenteus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and a variety of birds are highly mobile animals
characteristic of the upland habitats.
Aquatic communities of the area attract a variety of wildlife. Although no fish surveys have
been conducted, sunfish (Lepomis spp.) have been observed in the lake. The freshwater lake /marsh
complex attracts a variety of water birds. Birds such as the great -blue heron ( Ardea herodias), great
egret (Casmerodius albus), green- backed heron (Butorides striatus), and little blue heron (Egretta
caerulea) often feed in shallow freshwater marshes. Aquatic turtles and amphibians also reside in the
aquatic communities associated with the lake complex.
3.7 Threatened and Endangered Species. The following species are federally listed as
threatened or endangered and are recognized by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service as occurring in
New Hanover County, North Carolina: green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), red - cockaded woodpecker
(Picoides borealis), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum),
piping plover (Charadrius melodus), leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Kemp's Ridley sea
turtle (Lepidochelys kempi), American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) (based on similarity of
appearance), seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), bald
eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris fisheri).
No suitable habitat for sea turtles occurs in the Project Area. The listed sea turtles are found
primarily in the ocean and along the beaches. Shortnose sturgeon occur in deep -water rivers and in
coastal waters and no suitable habitat occurs in the study area. Piping plover and seabeach amaranth
occur primarily along coastal beaches and near inlets and no suitable habitat occurs in the Project Area.
Suitable habitat (mature pine forests) for the red - cockaded woodpecker does not exist in the Project
Area.
The bald eagle and peregrine falcon are rare to uncommon migrants and winter residents in
coastal habitats of New Hanover County. The American alligator is considered to be biologically
secure, and is no longer protected under the Endangered Species Act. The American alligator is
listed only due to its similarity to the endangered American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). American
alligators have been reported near the study area, and suitable habitat occurs in the Project Area. The
Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew occurs in a variety of habitats and could occur in the Project Area.
None of the species listed in section 3.7 above have been identified within the Project Area.
3.8 Unique Natural Areas. Based on information from the North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program, no unique natural areas are located in the vicinity of the Project Area.
-11-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

' 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
1
1
4.1 Topography. Construction of the proposed project will further alter the topographic
features within the Project Area. Construction of a dam, excavation of areas above the dam, and
filling of other areas surrounding the lake shore will occur as impacts of the proposed project.
Excavation of silt from Horseshoe Lake will restore the lake to conditions present in 1984.
4.2 Soils_ Excavation and inundation of soils within the Project Area will occur as a result of
the proposed project. However, the proposed project will mostly impact areas of previously
disturbed soils identified as Torhunta loamy fine sand and Lakeland sand.
4.3 Surface Waters. Activities associated with the preparation of the lake area will expose
some soils to erosion. Construction activities will comply with the North Carolina Sedimentation
Pollution Control Act. An erosion and sedimentation control plan will be approved by New Hanover
County which follows guidelines set forth by the North Carolina Land Quality Section prior to project
construction.
The proposed reconfiguration of Upper Lake along with the maintenance excavation of
Horseshoe Lake will
his will improve downstream water quality by reducing sediment and
nutrient loading. Both lakes will function as large -scale settling ponds for both pollutants and
sediment. The perimeter of the proposed lakes will incorporate an extended shallow water terrace
favorable for marsh development that slopes into open water approximately 7 -8 feet deep. The
proposed project will enhance the filter and buffer between any residential development and the marsh
areas of Middle Sound and the AIWW.
The lakes will also function as flood storage structures for a 256 -acre drainage area. A
routing summary for the proposed lake complex has been prepared by John R. McAdams Company,
Inc. (see Appendix C). This report summarizes the expected frequency of inundation, flood
elevations, and peak flows of the lake area. The emergency spillway is located above the expected
flood elevation of a 50 -year storm (8.5 feet MSL). The expansive flat areas, coupled with the bank
and terrace areas around the lake, provide a large storage volume with relatively small increases in
pool depth.
4.4 Vegetation Resources. Table 2 summarizes the impacts of the proposed project on
vegetation communities within the Project Area. Most areas inundated by the normal pool will be
converted from their present state to a lake environment. Buffer areas surrounding the lake will serve
as wetland mitigation and exist as a variety of mixed marshes and, where appropriate, wetland forests.
Surrounding upland terrestrial vegetation will be subject to impacts from residential development.
Most of the current communities exist as a result of human - related disturbances.
-12-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

71
L
4.5 Section 404 Jurisdictional Areas. Jurisdictional areas impacted by the proposed project
are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The Horseshoe Lake Complex will impact a total of 2.29 acres of
natural wetlands (0.31 filled and 1.98 flooded) and 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands (0.33 filled and
0.95 flooded). Approximately 1. 16 acres of sediment induced wetlands will be removed from
Horseshoe Lake as a result of maintenance activities. These wetlands are p
�d occur in areas of open water that was unvegetated in 1984. Section 404 Jurisdictional Area
impacts are further discussed in the description of mitigation for unavoidable wetland impacts in
Section 5.0.
4.6 Wildlife Resources. Wildlife of the Project Area is characteristic of open, young,
successional habitats and freshwater marshes. Upland communities impacted by this proposed project
are primarily disturbed old field habitats that have been mowed regularly over the past few years.
Wildlife of these open areas include many animals that favor ecotones and fragmented habitats and
occur in a variety of habitats.
Some aquatic wildlife may benefit from the proposed mitigation. A variety of aquatic turtles,
amphibians, and birds are attracted to a diverse marsh/open water complex. Because there will be no
loss of wetland acreage associated with the impoundment project, any anticipated adverse impacts to
aquatic wildlife are expected to be temporary. The mixed vegetation species proposed in the
mitigation plan will provide a diverse food source and should attract a variety of aquatic wildlife
species. The proposed project is not expected to alter fish species found in the current lake; however,
fish biomass will increase proportionately to the increase in available habitat. Therefore, the
availability of food sources for aquatic feeding birds will also increase.
4.7 Threatened and Endangered Species. No significant impacts to state or federal listed
threatened or endangered species are expected as a result of the proposed project. The presence of
the Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris fisheri) has recently been recognized as
occurring in New Hanover County. This federally threatened subspecies occurs in a variety of
habitats, including early successional fields to forested areas. The shrew has not been identified in the
Project Area. Any impacts to habitat would be temporary and offset through the wetlands mitigation.
The recent range extension and status of this species is currently under review.
4.8 Unique Natural Areas. No impacts to unique natural areas will occur as a result of the
proposed project.
-13-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

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5.0 MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 Introduction. As previously discussed, the Project Area was historically an alluvial
forest bordered by uplands with well drained soils and topography of moderate relief.
Impoundment of the natural drain in the 1920s resulted in the creation of Horseshoe Lake. Much
of the existing topography, soils, surface waters, and vegetation in the Project Area are a direct
result of alterations by man. Based upon historic soils mapping, it appears that the current Section
404 jurisdictional areas are more extensive than historic (pre -1920s impoundment and pre -1984
acquisition) conditions (Plat 2). Additional wetland areas have formed as the result of excavation
activities in the non -hydric Lakeland sand soil series down to a clay layer which has allowed water
to pool in low relief areas creating patchy wetland conditions.
Wetlands surround the lake areas in narrow bands of relatively distinct vegetative
communities dominated by herbaceous vegetation. A relatively diverse mixed marsh surrounds
much of the permanent water of Upper Lake. Much of the mixed herbaceous wetlands of Upper
Lake appear to have been created in excavated areas of the Lakeland sand. Cat -tails (Typha spp.),
consisting of largely monotypic, dense stands, have invaded much of the older Horseshoe Lake.
The water depth of Horseshoe Lake has decreased over the years due to of sedimentation and the
build -up of organic substrate.
5.2 Avoidance and Minimization. If the permit is granted, Landfall plans to develop the
Project Area for residential purposes. Several marina and residential development scenarios were
considered, all of which resulted in considerably more wetland impact than the proposed plan (see
Figures 6,7 and 8). Because the post project lake complex will be an amenity for the surrounding
residential areas, a more expansive open water system would be preferred. In changing from earlier
scenarios that maximize economic opportunity, Landfall has avoided and minimized impacts to
existing wetland areas and adjoining tidal areas by:
1. Avoiding two undisturbed natural wetlands, for example, two wetland forest areas totaling
1.11 acres which project into prime residential areas were excluded from impacts
(Tables 3 and 4).
2. Avoiding or minimizing impacts to higher quality wetland communities (i.e., wetland forest
and mixed marsh) and limiting construction activities to uplands and, when avoidable, in
lower quality mixed herbaceous wetland areas (Table 2).
3. Protecting and enhancing a fringe wetland on shallow water terraces surrounding the lake
(Plat 7).
4. Minimizing the impacts to wetlands as a result of fill versus inundation (Table 2).
5. Limiting maintenance excavation activities associated with Horseshoe Lake to conditions
that existed at the time of acquisition by Landfall rather than the original conditions in the
1920's (Table 7).
-15-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

1
1
i
1
TABLE 3. Wetland Impact Summary by Development Activity (in acres). .
Development Activity
Fill
Inundated
Total Impacted
Lake Construction
0.19
2.93
-r= 3,x
Associated Development
0745
0
0-46Y .45
TOTAL
0.64
2.93
3.57
TABLE 4. Summary of Potential Wetland Impacts by Previous Marina and Upper Lake Development Plans.
Development Proposal
Potential Wetland Impact
1985 Marina Plan (Figure 6)
11.50 Acres
1990 Marina Plan (Figure 7)
6.08 Acres
1994 Upper Lake Plan (Figure 8)
5.62 Acres
1995 Upper Lake Plan (Plat 4)
3.57 Acres
-16-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

!I
it
SOUTH MARINA
TOTAL AREA = 28.73 ACRES
401 BOAT SLIPS IN MARINA BASIN 1
• -PUMP STATION c
—DENOTES DIRECTION STORMWATER
FLOW
-•- •�DENOTESZ�UMPDISCHARGUO"UPLANO BASIN
SEDIMENT BASINS �� \
�♦ O g
I \ \ A
EDIMENT /
1 �\ 6��, ` BASINS
SEDIMENT (MAINTENANCE
BASIN ; ; �� O /i; DREDGING AND
ONLY) MANAGEMENT
o t 1 ,1 -•� , NO E.6
ATP ATE
S8- LOOTS
_ o /lbtl
SLIPS ':`; O �i %' L 3
c6
;'':� FSESHOE ,��� MHW
.10:..::;: LAKE Q,
;i::�'• 1 FUEL ) ��
PIER
`;` j
(o r T5 N MSL
� MARSH •••�
%�"� �� — —I2 MLW
MLW
SEDIMENT
BASINS
9d: A-1 W W —
FL000
lode
EBB
�QUTH MARINA
I °s 500'
PROPOSED NORTH AND SOUTH MARINAS
PEMBROKE JONES PARK
. AT ATLANTIC INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY APPLICATION BY: GOFORTH
NEAR WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, INC.
COUNTY OF NEW HANOVER SHEET 3 OF 9 DATE 11 OCT 1985
FIGURE 6 1985 Marina Plan
-17-

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
U
LS
0
Gr W =
� ei F
FIGURE 7 1990 Marina Plan
-18-

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1
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FIGURE 8 1994 Upper Lake Plan
-19-

1
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1
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1
5.3 Evaluation of Wetland Functions and Values. The proposed project involves the
creation/enlargement of the Upper Lake and the maintenance of the lower, older, original
Horseshoe Lake. Substantial beneficial impacts and some short-term negative impacts will be
associated with the project. Discussed below are the potential project impacts and methods used to
evaluate the wetlands.
There are a number of different methods now used to determine the function and value of
specific wetlands. Because the surrounding upland areas either have been or will be developed into
residential areas and the run -off from these areas flows directly into the estuarine system of Middle
Sound, a valuation method which focuses more on water quality rather than habitat potential
appears more appropriate to this site. The North Carolina Department of Environment, Health,
and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management (DEM), Water Quality Section has
developed a holistic approach for evaluating wetland values using the "Third Version North
Carolina Division of Environmental Management Wetland Rating System" (May 1993) that places
strong emphasis on protecting water quality. This system was used to evaluate the pre- and post -
project Section 404 jurisdictional areas of the Project Area assuming residential build -out of the
adjacent upland areas.
This system rates ten values of wetlands including: 1) water storage, 2) bank/shoreline
stabilization, 3) pollutant removal, 4) sensitive watershed, 5) travel corridor, 6) special ecological
attributes, 7) wildlife habitat, 8) aquatic life value, 9) recreation/education, and 10) economic value.
Using a system of flow charts, each function is evaluated via choices selected from scientifically
based questions about the wetland system. Individual wetland values are grouped into water
quality, landscape, habitat, and human values. Each value is given an individual score, but the
group is given an overall weighting. These weightings reflect the DEM's regulatory emphasis on
protecting water quality.
Tables 5 through 10 set forth the numerical valuation using DEM's Wetland Rating System.
A discussion on each of the evaluated wetland values is presented below. Descriptions of these
functions were taken from DEM's "Third Version North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management Wetland Rating System" (May 1993).
-20-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Table 5. Valuation of existing wetland communities in the Upper Lake area using the Division of Environmental
Management's Wetland Rating System.a
Wetland communities
Evaluated wetland values Mixed Cat -tail Mixed Shrub- Wetland
herbaceous marsh marsh scrub forest
WATER QUALITY
1) Water storage
2) Bank/Shoreline
stabilization
3) Pollutant removal
Sum
Sum x4
LANDSCAPE
4) Sensitive watershed
5) Travel corridor
Sum
Sum x 1.5
HABITAT
6) Special ecological attributes
7) Wildlife value
8) Aquatic life value
Sum
Sum x 1.5
HUMAN VALUE
9) Recreation/education
10) Economic value
Sum
Sum x 0.25
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
7
10
10
10
10
28
40
40
40
40
3
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
5
5
5
6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
4
3
4
2
3
4
2
2
4
6
8
5
6
6
9
12
7.5
9
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Total scores 40.25 56.75 59.75 55.25 56.75
a Based on the "Third Version North Carolina Division of Environmental Management Wetland Rating System"
by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental
Management, Water Quality Section (May 1993).
-21-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

' 5.3.1 Water Storage. The ability of the wetland site to receive, store, and filter run -off
water from an approximate 250 -acre drainage basin, prior to run -off water entering an estuarine
wetland complex, is one of the site's greatest functions. A proposed dam will increase the water
depth of Upper Lake area by as much as 4 feet. Increasing the storage capacity of the wetland
complex and maintaining persistent emergent vegetation along the wetland edge will make the
' wetland even more valuable for water /run -off storage.
5.3.2 Bank/Shoreline Stabilization. Wetland vegetation around the perimeter of the lake
serves to protect the shoreline from erosive forces. The opportunity for a wetland to stabilize a
shoreline is a function of the magnitude of erosion in the watershed as well as the erodability of
adjacent lands. An increase in development around the lake complex will increase run -off and,
' therefore, the value of the wetland in terms of protecting the lake complex as well as the adjacent
coastal marshes. The improvement of the wetland fringe width, gradation, continuity, and
vegetative diversity that is proposed in this project will improve the wetland system with regard to
bank/shoreline stabilization.
' 5.3.3 Pollutant Removal. This function refers to the ability of a wetland to retain or
remove sediment, nutrients, and toxicants (e.g. heavy metals, oils, pesticides) as well as its
opportunity to receive these pollutants. Opportunity is primarily affected by the source of water,
land use in the watershed, and position in the landscape. Ability relates to the density, type, and
extent of vegetation and gradient of the watershed. The location of the Horseshoe Lake Complex
(next to estuarine marshes) and the fact that upland adjacent to the lake will be a residential
development, make the wetland system extremely important for maintaining and /or improving the
water quality of adjacent coastal marshes. Wetlands in urbanized watersheds (greater than 10%
impervious surface) will have a greater opportunity to retain and remove nutrients from adjacent
' development. An increase in development around the lake complex will increase the value of the
wetland to protect the integrity of the lake complex as well as the adjacent coastal marshes. As
with bank/shore stabilization, the improvement in the wetland fringe width, gradation, continuity,
and vegetative diversity will increase pollutant removal opportunity and ability.
' 5.3.4 Sensitive Watershed. The evaluation of this wetland value is based on the highest
score received for any of the three water quality values. Since the proposed project will increase
the values of the system in regard to water quality, the rating for this value also increases.
' 5.3.5 Travel Corridor. The ability of the Horseshoe Lake Complex to serve as a system
enabling wildlife to move from one suitable habitat to another is limited, especially since the 83.61
acre Project Area is already isolated by surrounding residential development. Because of residential
encroachment outside the Project Area, the existing Project Area is of low to moderate value as a
terrestrial wildlife corridor. Therefore, travel corridor values are not substantial either before or
' after the project.
' Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
-22-
a
I

' 5.3.6 Special Ecological Attributes. This value is primarily associated with wetland areas
that may serve as buffers for registered natural areas, wildlife refuges, state and national parks,
' sanctuaries, wild and scenic rivers, etc. Some freshwater marshes have received high ratings for this
value; however, the alterations and origin of the marshes associated with Upper Lake and Horseshoe
Lake areas are the result of major human - related disturbances. Post - project wetlands will replace or
' improve the ratings associated with any freshwater marsh.
5.3.7 Wildlife Habitat. Factors affecting the value of wetlands for wildlife habitat include
' diversity of vegetative structure, diversity of vegetative species (for both food and cover),
surrounding land use, spatial patterns within and between wetlands, size of the wetland, and water
quality and quantity. Generally, large, undisturbed wetlands that are near other wetlands and contain
vegetation that is important for both wildlife food and cover receive the highest rating for this
function.
The availability of several wetland communities and a diverse mixed marsh community make
the existing wetland complex attractive to wildlife. Despite the extensive disturbances to the area, the
' Horseshoe Lake Complex serves as an example that man - altered /created wetlands in this area can
provide suitable habitat for some wildlife. However, the existing mixed herbaceous wetlands within
the Project Area have limited wildlife value. The lack of vegetative diversity and structure, poorly
' developed leaf litter, and disturbed nature of this community contributed to its limited value.
Post - project wetland communities are planned to contain a vegetative structure and diversity
that is similar or better than existing communities (see Figure 9 and Plat 6). Because of improved
aquatic habitat, the lake complex should be able to serve a larger population of aquatic feeding birds.
Th
(mixed marsh or wetland forest) and would offset any reduced wildlife values as a result of adjacent
land use.
�J
1
U
�I
F11
A review of the DEM wetland rating values for each community impacted by the proposed
project activities indicates that wildlife values will increase for the system (Table 6).
Table 6. Wetland valuation in Horseshoe Lake Complex for existing and post - project conditions
a. Acreage x DEM value
b. Includes loss of 1.16 acres of cattail marsh from Horseshoe Lake maintenance excavation.
-23-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
E
sting Conditions
Post Project Conditions
Wetland
Community Type
Acreage
DEM
Value
Wetland
Value Indexa
Acreage
DEM
Value
Wetland
Value Index
Mixed Marsh
2.44
59.75
145.79
5.89
80.00
471.20
Wetland Forest
0.92
56.75
52.21
4.60
75.50
347.30
Cattail Marsh
2.78
56.75
157.57
1.39b
69.00
95.91
Wetland Shrub -Scrub
4.08
55.25
225.42
2.83
74.00
209.42
Mixed Herbaceous
5.43
40.25
218.56
0.47
50.75
23.85
15.65
799.74
1 15.18
1,147.68
a. Acreage x DEM value
b. Includes loss of 1.16 acres of cattail marsh from Horseshoe Lake maintenance excavation.
-23-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

ITable 7. Mitigation Plant Materials Specifications and Quantities Summary.
I�
l�
PLANT SPECIFICATIONS
KEY WOODY SPECIES
AR Acer rubrum (Red Maple)
FC Fraxinus caroliniana (Water Ash)
GL Gordonia lasianthus (Loblolly Bay)
LS Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum)
MV Magnolia virginiana (Sweet Bay Magnolia)
MC Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle)
NS Nyssa sylvatica (Swamp Tupelo)
TA Taxodium ascendends (Pond Cypress)
TD Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress)
HERBACEOUS SPECIES
CF Canna flacida (Canna Lily)
HC Hibiscus coccineus (Red Star Hibiscus)
IV Iris virginica (Blue -Flag Iris)
JE Juncus effusus (Softrush)
NL Nupha luteum (Yellow Pond Lily)
NO Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant Water Lily)
PC Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed)
PV Peltandra virginia (Arrow Arum)
SC Sagittaria cernuus (Lizards Tail)
SL Sagittaria lancifolia (Arrowhead)
SUMMARY OF MITIGATION QUANTITIES
KEY WOODY SPECIES
AR Acer rubrum (Red Maple)
FC Fraxinus caroliniana (Water Ash)
GL Gordonia lasianthus (Loblollly Bay)
LS Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet Gum)
MV Magnolia virginiana (Sweet Bay Magnolia)
MC Myrica cerifera (Wax Myrtle)
NS Nyssa sylvatica (Swamp Tupelo)
TA Taxodium ascendends (Pond Cypress)
TD Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress)
HERBACEOUS SPECIES
CF Canna flacida (Canna Lily)
HC Hibiscus coccineus (Red Star Hibiscus)
IV Iris virginica (Blue -Flag Iris)
JE Juncus effusus (Softrush)
NL Nupha luteum (Yellow Pond Lily)
NO Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant Water Lily)
PC Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed)
PV Peltandra virginica (Arrow Arum)
SC Sagittaria cernuus (Lizards Tail)
SL Sagittaria lancifolia (Arrowhead)
HEIGHT - SPREAD
3' -4' x 2'x3'
3'-4 x 1.5' -2'
3'-4'x 2' -3
3'-4' x 2.5' - 3.5'
3'x4' x 2' -3'
18" x 18"
3'-4'x 2' -3'
3'-4'x 2' -3'
3'x4' x 2' -3'
12" x 8"
18 "x24"
15 " -15" ht
18 "x18"
3 -5 petioles /plant; petioles 18 " -36" long
3 -5 petioles /plant; 18" - 36" long
3-4 stems /plant 12 "x24" tall
18"
12 " -18" ht
3 -4 stems /plant; 12 " -24" tall
-24-
AC
QTY
OC
0.67
233
12'
0.35
122
12'
0.29
101
12'
0.43
150
12'
0.18
63
12'
0.13
102
8'
0.10
35
12'
0.81
282
12'
0.81
282
12'
0.17
814
3'
0.05
239
3'
0.12
575
3'
2.19
5915
4'
0.475
2276
4'
0.453
2170
4'
0.45
2156
3'
0.20
958
3'
0.26
1246
3'
0.24
648
4'
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

1
r
CI
5.3.8 Aquatic Life Value. Aquatic life value refers to the ability of a wetland to support
fish, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. Water regime, type of vegetation, interspersion of
vegetation/water, and surrounding land use are all important factors affecting wetland value to
aquatic life. However, increased open water and improved wetland fringes will increase available
habitat for other wildlife aquatic species. Considering residential development will occur with or
without the proposed project, the proposed project activities will provide better habitat for aquatic
species than would be available without them.
5.3.9 Recreation/Education. This value refers to the use of a wetland for both
consumptive (hunting, fishing) and non - consumptive forms of recreation and education. The value
is based on the quality of the wetland as well as public access to the wetland. Wetlands with no
public access have reduced ratings for this value since only private landowners may benefit from
this value. Landfall proposes to preserve the improved Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake and grant
the Northeast New Hanover Conservancy a conservation easement to manage these areas. With
this added protection and access, the education value of this area will increase.
' 5.3.10 Economic Value. Under the DEM system, this value is based on timber value,
importance to hunting, and /or some value to commercial fish associated with wetlands. As such,
the existing and future value of the Project Area wetlands is 0 and is so reflected in Tables 6,8,9,
' and 10. However, from Landfall's economic perspective, the improvement the lake - wetland
complex will enhance property values and ultimately increase the tax base for New Hanover
County.
5.4 Summary of Horseshoe Lake Maintenance Activities. Since its construction in the
1920s, Horseshoe Lake has served as a sediment trap to prevent run -off from upland activities into the
coastal marsh areas of Middle Sound. Since 1984 this sedimentation has accelerated because of
construction activities in the 256 acre drainage basin. Landfall proposes to return Horseshoe Lake to
the conditions existing in 1984 to provide for continued stormwater and sediment control (Figure 10).
In addition, successional development of shallow lake ecosystems is often accelerated by a process
called eutrophication. Increased productivity associated with eutrophic lakes is often the result of the
increased availability of nutrients. Shallow lakes naturally fill in with time and associated wetland
communities also pass through a series of successional stages. A rapid increase in sediments and
nutrients often accelerates wetland plant growth and productivity. Clearing of forest vegetation
surrounding Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake, even with the implementation of proper sedimentation
control practices, has contributed to the accelerated sedimentation and invasion of cat - tails.
' Eutrophic lakes are biologically productive systems; however, they can result in loss of value
for some functions. Degradation of lake systems due to eutrophication can create, 1) a decreased
diversity in plant and animal communities, 2) a development of organic sediments, 3) algal blooms,
' 4) an excessive growth of undesirable plants, and 5) an accumulation of nutrients. In addition, the
eutrophic conditions of freshwater lakes can adversely impact downstream riverine or saltmarsh areas.
' Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995
-25-

A project entitled "Water Quality In New Hanover County Tidal Creeks 1993- 1994 ", by the Center for
Marine Science Research of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (December 1994)
' concluded that stormwater detention ponds in the tidal areas of the County "detain water and
suspended solids ", but "often have unacceptably high levels of chlorophyll a, coliform bacteria and /or
phosphorus ". Further, "Larger regional stormwater management structures, such as Anne McCrary
' Pond, may be much more effective at removing nutrients and more easily monitored than numerous
small ponds." Upper Lake and Horseshoe Lake (when returned to its 1984 conditions) will provide a
stormwater retention system comparable in volume to the Anne McCrary Pond. Dredging of these
systems will physically improve the basin by removing excess vegetation and sediment (along with the
potential reduction of an internal nutrient source) and increasing the water storage capacity of the
system. Short-term consequences associated with dredging include destruction of benthic and
vegetative communities and reduced primary productivity due to increases in turbidity.
' The Clean Water Act does regulate open water (capable of attracting interstate commerce)
under Section 404 jurisdiction. These open water areas can contribute to maintaining and improving
functions associated with water quality (i.e., water storage, sediment and pollutant removal), and these
' functions should be considered when evaluating the importance of such areas.
TABLE 8. Horseshoe Lake Maintenance Summary (in acres).
u
1
1
Horseshoe Lake
1984
1994
Maintenance
Post Project
OW- Open Water
4.16
3.00
3.00
4.16
CT - Cattail Marsh
1.29
2.45
1.16
1.29
TOTAL
5.45
5.45
4.16
5.45
-26-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

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,7
n
5.5 Rationale for Proposed Mitigation Ratios
1. Appropriate avoidance and minimization practices were considered and implemented.
2. The urbanization of land surrounding the wetland complex is unavoidable. The current
mitigation plan builds on the assumption that wetlands in urban settings provide
important water quality functions. Methods to improve the ecosystem include: 1)
enlarging the system to increase benefits associated with water quality; and, 2) convert
low quality, disturbed areas to higher valued wetland areas. Areas around Upper Lake
and Horseshoe Lake will be enhanced by the replacement of mixed herbaceous areas
with wetland communities (mixed marsh and wetland forest) more valuable to wildlife.
Any mixed marsh or wetland forest impacted by the project will be mitigated with the
creation/enhancement of similarly valued mixed marsh or wetland forest.
3. Wetland ratings for post project wetland communities will increase based on DEM's
Wetland Rating System (Tables 8, 9, and 10).
4. In the spirit of the Clean Water Act, open water is regulated and does provide some
functions associated with wetlands, and thus should be considered for mitigation credit.
Compensatory wetlands mitigation will offset the loss of wetland functions and values
impacted by the proposed project. Wetland mitigation through restoration, creation,
enhancement, and preservation will result in a mitigation ratio of 2:1 for all wetlands
impacted and a ratio of 3:1 for natural wetlands impacted. A detailed mitigation plan
(Plats 6 and 7) has been provided by Paton/Zucchino and Associates, P.A. and is
summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
-28-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

LJI
Table 9. Estimated valuation of future Section 404 jurisdictional communities without the project in the Upper Lake
area using the Division of Environmental Management's Wetland Rating System.a
Wetland communities
LANDSCAPE
4) Sensitive watershed
Mixed
Cat -tail
Mixed
Shrub-
Wetland
Evaluated wetland values
Herbaceous
marsh
marsh
scrub
forest
WATER QUALITY
5
6
6
6
6
1) Water storage
2
3
3
3
3
2) Bank/Shoreline stabilization
4
5
5
5
5
3) Pollutant removal
4
5
5
5
5
Sum
10
13
13
13
13
Sum x 4
40
52
52
52
52
LANDSCAPE
4) Sensitive watershed
4
5
5
5
5
5) Travel corridor
1
1
1
1
1
Sum
5
6
6
6
6
Sum x 1.5
7.5
9
9
9
9
HABITAT
6) Special ecological attributes
0
0
0
0
0
7) Wildlife value
1
2
3
2
3
8) Aquatic life value
1
3
4
1
1
Sum
2
5
7
3
4
Sum x 1.5
3
7.5
10.5
4.5
6.0
HUMAN VALUE
9) Recreation/education
1
1
1
1
1
10) Economic value
0
0
0
0
0
Sum
1
1
1
1
1
Sum x 0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
Total scores
50.75
68.75
71.25
65.75
67.25
a Based on the "Third Version North Carolina Division of Environmental Management Wetland Rating System" by
the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental
Management, Water Quality Section (May 1993).
-29-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

J
n
Table 10. Estimated valuation of future Section 404 jurisdictional communities with the project in the Upper Lake
area using the Division of Environmental Management's Wetland Rating System.a
LANDSCAPE
Wetland communities
Cat -tail
Mixed Shrub-
Wetland
Evaluated wetland values
marsh
marsh scrub
forest
WATER QUALITY
1
1
Sum
1) Water storage
3
5 5
5
2) Bank/Shoreline stabilization
5
5 5
5
3) Pollutant removal
5
5 5
5
Sum
13
15 15
15
Sum x 4
52
60 60
60
LANDSCAPE
4) Sensitive watershed
5
5
5
5
5) Travel corridor
1
1
1
1
Sum
6
6
6
6
Sum x 1.5
9
9
9
9
HABITAT
69
80
74
75.5
6) Special ecological attributes
0
0
0
0
7) Wildlife value
2
3
2
3
8) Aquatic life value
3
4
1
1
Sum
5
7
3
4
Sum x 1.5
7.5
10.5
4.5
6
HUMAN VALUE
9) Recreation/education
2
2
2
2
10) Economic value
0
0
0
0
Sum
2
2
2
2
Sum x 0.25
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Total scores
69
80
74
75.5
a Wetland ratings are based on the "Third Version North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
Wetland Rating System" by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section (May 1993).
b Existing disturbed mixed herbaceous wetlands will be planted to create mixed marsh, shrub -scrub, or wetland
forest.
-30-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

Table 11. Approximate scores of the Horseshoe Lake Complex using the Division of Environmental Management's
Wetland Rating System.a
Evaluated wetland values
Existing
Conditions
Future Conditions
Without With Project
Project
WATER QUALITY
1) Water storage
3
3
5
2) Bank/Shoreline
4
5
5+
stabilization
3) Pollutant removal
3
5
5+
Sum
10
13
15
Sum x 4
40
52
60
LANDSCAPE
4) Sensitive watershed
4
5
5
5) Travel corridor
1
1
1
Sum
5
6
6
Sum x 1.5
7.5
9
9
HABITAT
6) Special ecological attributes
0
0
0
7) Wildlife value
4
3
3*
8) Aquatic life value
4
4
4
Sum
8
7
7
Sum x 1.5
12
10.5
10.5
HUMAN VALUE
9) Recreation/education
1
1
2
10) Economic value
0
0
0
Sum
1
1
2
Sum x 0.25
0.25
0.25
0.5
Total scores
59.75
71.75
80 +*
a Wetland ratings are based on the "Third Version North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
Wetland Rating System" by the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section (May 1993).
+ Increased width of wetland buffers will increase pollutant removal (filtering capacity), and improve
bank/shoreline stabilization.
* Improved wildlife habitat as a result of conversion to higher quality wetland communities.
lfall l.doc
-31-
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
February 1, 1995

APPENDIX A
I
I
vs� A��A
coA
ov�
Ogg ,`Ste
,se�erts °q�
e SeA°
'S�` � emept Pct <G
coastal S
r el
e
atet st
ce t al
� CG ertt °�6 �� i�4tact`c
1s C G S �e� ate <ce
�avCG S �6A ���� �tea��nab�e`Na�a�bots
�, coo °. �avi� etsar .�
Y,eai`�,
Olt
coa5��o�me�t,
9 4,• og S tees
C °vS� ° *�t��e�v paten
000, l o o� a ot�� as Pct
Sec tease e��'� atet
scracl� ate C %P -2n ,reed
intoo Aak
Sec �y C °�tnct

1 Division of Coastal Management
Elizabeth City District
Raleigh Headquarters 1367 US 17 South
PO Box 27687 Elizabeth City, NC 27909
Raleigh, NC 27611 -7687 919 264 -3901
(919) 733 -2293 -- ;; - - - ----------------- ............... -
�-
Gates G
, ' •. Cad ``. ��.
r
Hertford " ; .o ds .
------------ - - - - -- 9G� rd�
�o s
Bertie �d
Washington Tyrrell Dare
Washington District
•-
PO Box 1507
1424 Carolina Avenue Beaufort = - -%
' Washington, NC 27889
(919) 946 -6481 Hyde
Craven
. %Pamlico
' s
Onslow Reserve Education
Carteret
PO Box 1040
Beaufort, NC 28516
(919) 728 -2170
Pender
Morehead City District
3441 Arendell Street
Morehead City, NC 28557
New (919)726 -7021
Hanover or 1 -800- 682 -2532
Wilmington District
Brunswick 127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405 -3845
' (910)395 -3900
Reserve Coordination
' 7205 Wrightsville Avenue
Wilmington, NC 28403
(910)256 -3721

L
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1
Please type or print. Carefully describe all anticipated
development activities, including construction, excava-
tion, filling, paving, land clearing, and stormwater con-
trol. If the requested information is not relevant to your
project, write N/A (not applicable). Items 1 -4 and 8 -9
must be completed for all projects.
1 APPLICANT
a. Name Landfall Associates
Address P.O. Box 5368
City Wilmington State NC
Zip 28405 Dayphone (910) 256 -6112
X Landowner or Authorized agent
b. Project name (if any)Horseshoe Lake at Landfall
c. If the applicant is not the landowner, also give the
owner's name and address.
2 LOCATION OF PROPOSED
PROJECT
a. Street address or secondary road number
Arboretum Drive
If you plan to build a marina, also complete and
attach Form DCM -MP -2.
b. Is the proposed activity maintenance of an
existing project, new work, or both?
Both
c. Will the project be for community, private, or
commercial use?
Private
d. Describe the planned use of the project.
Stormwater control lake providing a
residential project amenity
4 LAND AND WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
a. Size of entire tract 83.61 Acres
b. Size of individual lot(s) N/A
c. Elevation of tract above mean sea level or
National Geodetic Vertical Datum
MSL to 30'
d. Soil type(s) and texture(s) of tract
Silty Clays /Marine Clays
e. Vegetation on tract See plant communities
Plat
b. City, town, community, or landmark Sanitary Sewer
Landf all f. Man-made features now on tract
c. County
New Hanover
d. Is proposed work within city limits or planning
jurisdiction? No
e. Name of body of water nearest project
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway
3 DESCRIPTION AND PLANNED USE
OF PROPOSED PROJECT
g. What is the CAMA Land Use Plan Classification of
the site? (Consult the local land use plan.)
X Conservation
—� Developed
Rural
Transitional
Community
Other
h. How is the tract zoned by local government?
i. How are adjacent waters classified?
a. Describe all development activities you propose (for j, Has a professional archaeological survey been
example, building a home, motel, marina, bulkhead, carried out for the tract? No If so, b whom?
or pier). New lake construction y
aGSrr;arPd. residential development
3/91 1

5 UPLAND DEVELOPMENT
Complete this section if the project includes any land
development.
a. Type and number of buildings, facilities, or
structures proposed Future residential unitsm
birdge, earthen dam & utilities
b. Number of lots or parcels 9
' c. Density (Give the number of residential units and the
units per acre.) up to 400 @ 5 units /acre
gross
d. Size of area to be graded or disturbed
115.0 acres for lake construction and
Horseshoe Lake maintenance
e. If the proposed project will disturb more than one
' acre of land, the Division of Land Resources must
receive an erosion and sedimentation control plan at
least 30 days before land disturbing activity begins.
' If applicable, has a sedimentation and erosion
control plan been submitted to the Division of Land
Resources? Future submittal
1
1
1
f. Give the percentage of the tract within 75 feet of
mean high water to be covered by impermeable
surfaces, such as pavement, buildings, rooftops.
None for lake construction
g. List the materials, such as marl, paver stone, asphalt,
or concrete, to be used for paved surfaces.
Future asphalt and concrete
h. If applicable, has a stormwater management plan
been submitted to the Division of Environmental
Management? Future submittal
i. Describe proposed sewage disposal and /or waste
water treatment facilities.
Future gravity municipal sewer
j. Have these facilities received state or local approval?
No
k. Describe existing treatment facilities.
Municipal sewer
1. Describe location and type of discharges to waters of
the state (for example, surface runoff, sanitary
wastewater, industrial/commercial effluent, "wash
down "). None anticipated
,2
m. Water supply source
County Water System
n. If the project is oceanfront development, describe
the steps that will be taken to maintain established
public beach accessways or provide new access.
N/A
o. If the project is on the oceanfront, what will be the
elevation above mean sea level of the first habitable
floor?
N/A
6 EXCAVATION AND FILL
INFORMATION
a. Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation
or fill activities (excluding bulkheads, which are
covered in Section 7).
Access channel
(MLW) or (1`TWL)
Boat basin
Other (break-
water, pier,
boat ramp,
rock jetty)
Fill placed in
wetland or below
MHW
Upland fill
areas
Length Width Depth
b. Amount of material to be excavated from below
water level in cubic yards ±50,000 cy
c. Type of material Varies marine clays to same
d. Does the area to be excavated include marshland,
swamps, or other wetlands?
Yes
e. High ground excavation, in cubic yards
±30,000 CY
3/91

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
f. Dimensions of spoil disposal area
N/A
g. Location of spoil disposal area On site and on
Pembroke Jones tract
h. Do you claim title to the disposal area? . Yes
If not, attach a letter granting permission from'the
owner.
i. Will a disposal area be available for future
maintenance? Yes
If so, where? - _Qn —Q; to nnel�Lembreire Jens
j. Does the disposal area include any marshland,
swamps, or water areas? No
k. Will the fill material be placed below mean high
water? No
1. Amount of fill in cubic yards N/A
m. Type of fill material Marine clays /sand
n. Source of fill material Lake maintenance, lake
exuavattoll
o. Will fill material be placed on marsh or other
wetlands? Yes
p. Dimensions of the wetland to be filled
0.64 Acres
q. How will excavated or fill material be kept on site
and erosion controlled?
Best management practices as approved
by N.C. Divsion of Land Quality
r. What type of construction equipment will be used
(for example, dragline, backhoe, or hydraulic
dredge)? Bulldozer, ack. loader, pans,
trucks
s. Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment
to project site? Yes If yes, explain steps that will
be taken to lessen environmental impacts.
All wetlands will be clearly identified
as non - construction areas. Special
construction fencing. Pre - construction
conference with contractor and Corps of
Engineers.
7 SHORELINE STABILIZATION
a. Length of bulkhead or riprap
N/A
b. Average distance water ward of mean high water or
normal water level N/A
3/91
c. Shoreline erosion during preceding 12 months, in
feet N/A
d. Type of bulkhead material N/A
e. Amount of fill, in cubic yards, to be placed below
mean high water N/A
f. Type of fill material N/A
8 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In addition to the completed application form, the follow-
ing items must be submitted:
A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other
instrument under which the applicant claims title to the
affected property. If the applicant is not claiming to be
the owner of said property, then forward a copy of the
deed or other instrument under which the owner claims
title, plus written permission from the owner to carry out
the project.
An accurate work plat (including plan view and cross
sectional drawings) drawn to scale in black ink on an 8
1/2 x 11 white paper. (Refer to Coastal Resources
Commission Rule 7J.0203 for a detailed description.)
Please note that original drawings are preferred and
only high quality copies will be accepted. Blue -line
prints or other larger plats are acceptable only if 18 high
quality copies are provided by applicant. (Contact the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding that agency's
use of larger drawings.) A site or location map is a part
of plat requirements and it must be sufficiently detailed
to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the
site. Include county road (SR) numbers, landmarks, and
the like.
A stormwater management plan, if applicable, that
may have been developed in consultation with the
Division of Environmental Management.
A list of the names and complete addresses of the
adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners. These
individuals have 30 days in which to submit comments
on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal
Management and should be advised by the applicant of
that opportunity.

'Name
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
IA list of previous state or federal permits issued for
work on the project tract. Include permit numbers,
' permittee, and issuing dates.
A check for $250 made payable to the Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources to cover
the costs of processing the application.
'A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront
and inlet areas.
A statement on the use of public funds. If the project
involves the expenditure of public funds, attach a state-
ment documenting compliance with the North Carolina
Environmental Policy Act (N.C.G.S. 113A -1 to 10).
J
1
9 CERTIFICATION AND PERMISSION
TO ENTER ON LAND
Any permit issued in response to this application will
allow only the development described in the application.
The project will be subject to conditions and restrictions
contained in the permit.
I certify that to the best of my knowledge, the proposed
activity complies with the State of North Carolina's ap-
pioved Coastal Management Program and will be con-
ducted in a manner consistent with such program.
I further certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in
fact, grant permission to representatives of state and
federal review agencies to enter on the aforementioned
lands in connection with evaluating information related
to this permit application and follow -up monitoring of
project.
This is the day of , 19_.
X
Landowner or Authorized agent
S. Keith Cooper, Authorized Agent
Director of Land Development
Landfall Associates
3/91

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
APPENDIX B
PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE HORSESHOE LAKE AREA,
NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
A Report to
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Wilmington, NC
Submitted by:
CZR INCORPORATED
Wilmington, NC
July 1994
Revised December 1994
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall

0
n
0
PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE HORSESHOE LAKE AREA,
NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
During July 1994, CZR Incorporated delineated and described the plant communities of
the Horseshoe Lake complex at Landfall in New Hanover County, North Carolina (Figure 1).
Nine plant communities (three upland and six wetland communities) were delineated by
interpretation of aerial photographs and verified in the field. The communities were mapped as a
mylar overlay (Figure 1) on a January 1994 color aerial photograph at a scale of 1 inch equals 200
feet. Communities were defined by vegetation composition and physiognomic structure, and were
characterized with species identified at sites within each community.
Most plant communities are dynamic and evolve with respect to the surrounding physical
environment. Plant communities change and mature through the process known as ecological
succession. As a consequence of succession or disturbance, some of the habitats in the study area
represent intermediate stages or ecotonal phases of the distinct plant communities described here.
These areas have been included with the most characteristic or representative community.
The three upland communities included mixed herbaceous assemblage (DM), shrub -scrub
(DS), and upland forest (DF). The six jurisdictional communities included open water (OW),
mixed herbaceous assemblage (MH), cat -tail marsh (CT), mixed marsh (MM), shrub -scrub (SS),
and wetland forest (WF). The following discussion characterizes each community. Plant names
conform to those listed in the "National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: Southeast
(Region 2)" (Reed 1988).
2.0 SECTION 404 JURISDICTIONAL COMMUNITIES
Current jurisdictional areas in the study area are more extensive than historic conditions.
The soil survey of New Hanover County (1977) indicated only a narrow band of hydric soil,
Torhunta loamy fine sand, through the study area. However, additional wetland areas have
formed as the result of excavation activities in the non -hydric Lakeland soil series. The
excavation of sand (for borrow material) down to a clay layer has allowed water to pool in low
relief areas and created patchy wetland conditions.
' 2.1 Open Water
Open water in the study area is the result of human - related disturbances. The open water
' of Horseshoe Lake was impounded by the placement of berms perpendicular to a natural drain.
The relatively restricted watershed of the lake drains via culvert through the berm into coastal
u
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall

' marshes adjacent to the Intracoastal Waterway. Vegetation types growing adjacent to the culvert
in the pond are typical of freshwater conditions and are not characteristic of salt or brackish
' tolerant species. Excavation of areas upstream of the lake has created additional open water
areas. The open waters created by excavation differ from the open water of Horseshoe Lake by
being deeper and having relatively steep -sided edges. Much of the open water in Horseshoe Lake
' is shallow and contains beds of submersed aquatic vegetation dominated by hornwort
(Cenatophyllum demersum) and pondweeds (Potamogeton spp). Most of open water in the
excavated areas is unvegetated.
2.2 Cat -tail Marsh
' Relatively homogeneous stands of cat -tail (Typha latifolia) occur in several areas
especially along the edge of open water associated with the older Horseshoe Lake. This
community appears to be flooded year- round. Carolina mosquito fern (Azolla caroliniana) and
tduckweeds (Lemna gibba) are found within some cat -tail areas and along the edge of open water
areas. The edges of this community often grade into species found in the mixed marsh.
' 2.3 Mixed Marsh
Mixed marsh represents a diverse assemblage of aquatic vegetation. This community
appears to be flooded and or saturated near the surface nearly year- round. Much of this
community is found on areas excavated in recent years. Dominant vegetation is primarily a
variety of rushes (Juncus spp.). Common species include soft rush (Juncus effussus), turnflower
rush (J. biflorus), big -head rush (J. megacephalus), creeping rush (J. repens), grass -leaf rush (J.
marginatus), needle -pod rush (J. scirpoides), and beakrushes (Rhynchospora elliottii and other
Rhynchospora spp.). The wettest areas were often dominated by alligator weed (Alternanthera
philoxeroides), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), creeping seedbox (Ludwigia repens), and
dense -flower smartweed (Polygonum densiflorum).. Other species encountered include two-
flower bladderwort (Utricularia biflora), bishop -weed (Ptilimnium capillaceum), white -top-
sedge (Dichromena colorata), Maryland meadow - beauty (Rhexia mariana), shallow sedge
(Carex lurida), bushy seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia), lizard's tail (Saururus cernuus), penny-
' wort (Hydrocotyle sp.), Asian coinleaf (Centella asiatica), water - spider orchid (Habenaria
repens), Carolina lilaeopsis (Lilaeopsis attenuata), water -lilly (Nymphea odorata) and soft -stem
bulrush (Scirpus validus).
' 2.4 Mixed Herbaceous Assemblage
Wetland areas dominated by mixed herbaceous species appear to be seasonally or
temporally saturated. Some of this community contains unvegetated sand /clay and has been
' disturbed due to mowing. Many of these wetland areas appear to have been created by the
excavation of sand down to a clay layer. Water pooled on poorly drained areas of this clay layer
have allowed the formation of these jurisdictional mixed herbaceous communities.
i
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall

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1
Dominant species include rushes (Juncus spp.), sedges (Carex spp., Cyperus spp.), and
other herbaceous species. Other common species include bishop -weed, shallow sedge, bushy
seedbox, beakrushes, Maryland meadow - beauty, white- top- sedge, penny -wort, Asian coinleaf,
straw - colored flatsedge (Cyperus strigosus), broom -sedge (Andropogon virginicus), Olney's
bulrush (Scirpus americanus), rose - gentian (Sabatia sp.), and broom panic grass (Dichanthelium
scoparium).
2.5 Shrub -scrub
Some shrub -scrub areas appear to be wet seasonally, while some appear to exist in areas
inundated nearly year- round. A thin band of shrubs are found along an old silt fence that almost
surrounds the lake area. Dominant species include southern bayberry (Myrica cerifera), black
willow (Salix nigra), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), sweet gum (Liquidambar styracifZua), and some
eastern false - willow (Baccharis halimifolia).
2.6 Wetland Forest
The upper ends of several drains are characteristic of alluvial forest vegetation and a
narrow band of wetland forest exists along the "island" nearly surrounded by Horseshoe Lake.
Common canopy species of this community include red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet gum, black
gum (Nyssa sylvatica), red bay (Persea borbonia), water oak (Quercus nigra), laurel oak
(Quercus laurifolia), and tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera). Common shrub species include
southern bayberry, fetter -bush (Lyonia lucida) and red bay. Common herbs and vines include
netted chainfern (Woodwardia areolata), panic grass (Panicum sp.), Nepal microstegium (Eulalia
viminea), jack -in- the - pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), muscadine grape (Fitis rotundifolia), Virginia
creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), southeast
decumaria (Decumaria barbara), and greenbriers (Smiliax spp.)
3.0 UPLAND (NON- SECTION 404 JURISDICTIONAL) COMMUNITIES
3.1 Mixed Herbaceous Assemblaize
Most of the upland areas dominated by mixed herbaceous species could be designated as
human - dominated land, as most is regularly mowed to maintain the area as an open habitat.
Vegetation of the mixed herbaceous assemblage contains many of the same species found in the
jurisdictional mixed herbaceous community. However, broom sedge is a more important species
in the upland community. Other species found in this community include crabgrass (Digitaria
sanguinalis), vasey grass (Paspalum urvillei), sandspur (Cenchrus longispinus), dog - fennel
(Eupatorium capillifolium), richardia (Richardia brasiliensis), lespedeza (Lespedeza virginica),
white -top fleabane (Erigeron annuus), slender fragrant golden -rod (Euthamia minor), cudweed
(Gnaphalium obtusifolium), and broom panic grass. This community often grades into other
adjacent communities and occurs in disturbed sites within other communities.
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall

1 3.2 Shrub -scrub
' Upland shrub -scrub represents a transitional community, dominated by the same species
found in jurisdictional shrub - scrub, with the exception of black willow. Black willow is found
primarily in the jurisdictional shrub -scrub community.
3.3 Upland Forest
' Several different forest types occur in areas designated as upland forest. Some areas are
comprised of primarily live oak (Quercus virginica) and laurel oak, while other areas may be
dominated by loblolly pine. Most upland forest is comprised of a mixture of pine and hardwood
species. Common species include large -flower magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), American holly
(Ilex opaca), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), beauty -berry (Callicarpa americana), red buckeye
(Aesculus pavia), muscadine grape, Virginia creeper, poison ivy, ebony spleenwort (Asplenium
' platyneuron), and greenbriers.
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall

'
APPENDIX C
NEW POND AT
HORSESHOE LAKE
LANDFALL /PEMBROKE JONES ESTATES
1
ROUTING SUMMARY
JULY 25 1994
LFA -94020
1

THE JOHN R. McADAMS COMPANY, INC.
From the hydrologic analysis, the 256 -acre drainage area has an average runoff
Curve Number (CN) of 74. Runoff volume equals the runoff depth (Q *) over
the drainage area. The precipitation depth (P) required to produce the runoff
volume that equals the storage volume can be determined. This can then be
correlated with precipitation charts to predict a return period, which will give
the expected frequency of inundation of the mitigation areas in the storage zone
depths.
' For a storage volume of 635,780 CF, a runoff depth (Q *) of 0.684 -inch is
required. This is produced by a precipitation depth (P) of 2.63 inches.
Referencing the National Weather Bureau TP -40 for a 6 hour storm in the
' Wilmington, North Carolina region, this corresponds to a return period of
approximately one year. Thus, the full storage pool will be anticipated to fill
completely annually.
Water quality design requires storage volume for the runoff from 1.5 inches of
rain over the impervious surfaces in the drainage basin. Discounting the
impervious surface areas in the more distant portions of the drainage basin
(which are handled locally within infiltration trenches and ponds), a storage
volume of 220,600 CF can be expected from the impervious surfaces adjacent to
the pond project area. This includes the project area, streets, and residences.
' Residences are assumed to be 33 % impervious.
The depth associated with this runoff volume is slightly over 4 inches (4.4
' inches). The frequency associated with this design storm is not clearly defined
by DEM or TP -40. It would be reasonable to expect several storms of this
magnitude annually.
1i
F

THE JOHN R. McADAMS COMPANY, INC.
' Summary of Analysis
The proposed pond will have a normal pool at elevation 4.50 M.S.L. with a
' surface area of 594,160 SF (13.64 acres). This normal pool elevation will be
maintained by a set of five inverted siphons, constructed of 8 -inch PVC pipe
and located in the face of the outlet structure.
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A 12 -inch storage pool will be provided between the inverted siphons and the
principal spillway. The principal spillway is an opening in the outlet box five
feet long by 18 inches high. It will act primarily as a weir, except during the
higher stages of the larger storms, when it will function as an orifice. A 30-
inch reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) will connect the outlet box to the existing
Horseshoe Pond, immediately downstream from the new pond.
An emergency spillway is provided at elevation 8.50 M.S.L. This elevation is
slightly above the expected flood elevation of the 50 -year storm. The spillway
will be trapezoidal, with a bottom ten feet wide and 4:1 sides. The spillway
will be located in native soil (not in the dam's berm area) to minimize the
possibility of a breach.
The top of the dam will be 1.5 feet above the emergency spillway.
Routing Results
The anticipated peak storms are greatly diminished through all of the storms
examined. This occurs largely due to the expansive flat area of wetland
mitigation that circle the proposed pond. These flat areas, coupled with the
bank and terrace areas around the pond, provide a large storage volume with a
relatively small increase in pool depth.
This feature is reflected in the time required to drain the 12 -inch deep storage
pool. The storage pool, located between the inverted siphons and the principal
spillway, has two functions. It provides a zone of variable inundation to
support the wetland mitigation areas, and it provides a water quality settling
pool for the "first flush" runoff from impervious surfaces.
The target draindown time for such pools is generally 2 to 5 days. Five
inverted siphons constructed of 8 -inch PVC pipe area required to return to
normal pool in a time of 4.63 days. This is a direct result of a large storage
volume in a flat, low -head system (635,780 CF in a 12 -inch depth).

THE JOHN R. McADAMS COMPANY, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
2525 MERIDIAN PARKWAY, SUITE 60 (27713)
POST OFFICE BOX 14005
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27709
(919) 361 -5000 FAX [phone]
Normal Pool.
Storage Pool.
Flood Elevations:
10 Yr. _
25 Yr. _
50 Yr. _
100 Yr. _
Structure Elevations:
New Pond at Horseshoe Lake
Landfall /Pembroke Jones Estates
Routing Summary
July 25, 1994
Elev. 4.50 /Stage = 0.00'
Elev. 5.50 /Stage = 1.00'
Elev. 7.10 /Stage = 2.60'
Elev. 7.72 /Stage = 3.22'
Elev. 8.36 /Stage = 3.86'
Elev. 8.86 /Stage = 4.36'
Inverted Siphon Invert = Elev. 4.50 (Normal Pool)
Weir (Outlet Box ) = Elev. 5.50 (Storage Pool)
30" RCP Invert (Outlet Box) - Elev. 3.00
Emergency Spillway = Elev. 8.50
Top of Berm = Elev. 10.00
Storage Pool Draindown Time = 4.63 days
Peak Flows:
in
Oout
10 Yr. =
320 cfs
30.4 cfs
25 Yr. =
377.6 cfs
47.4 cfs
50 Yr. =
416.0 cfs
51.9 cfs
100 Yr. =
460.8 cfs
63.4 cfs

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APPENDIX D
C�
' Landfall Associates
Post Office Box 5368
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
' Attention: Mr. Keith Cooper, P.E.
February 22, 1994
Reference: Soil Test Borings
Horseshoe Lake Area
Landfall Development
Wilmington, North Carolina
Job No. 1063 -94 -519
' Dear Mr. Cooper:
S &ME has completed the authorized field drilling work at the subject site.
' Subsurface conditions at this site were investigated at six soil test borings which were
drilled at the locations designated by Landfall personnel. Each boring was drilled to a
depth of 12 feet below the existing ground surface. Soil samples were obtained at each
' boring by the standard penetration test method (ASTM D -1586) to determine the relative
consistency of the in -place soils.
' Detailed descriptions of the subsurface conditions encountered at the
individual test boring locations are presented in the attached Test Boring Records.
' We appreciate having the opportunity to provide our services during this
phase of the project. If you have any questions after reviewing this letter, please do not
' hesitate to contact us.
Very truly yours,
' S &ME, INC.
' 14A -�- c✓ • 6,4,,
Michael W. Behen, P.E.
' Senior Geotechnical Engineer
MWB /jns
Attachments
' SWE, Inc. 6409 Amsterdam Way, Building B3, Wilmington, North Carolina 28405, [phone], Fax [phone]

DEPTH
F T.
0.0
3.0
6.0
8.0
12.0
DESCRIPTION ELEV. $ PENETRATION— BLOWS PER FT.
n In 20' 30 40 60 80 100
Very Loose Tan & Brown Fine
to Medium SAND (SP)
Very Loose Gray Fine SAND -
Some Clay (SC)
Soft Dark Gray CLAY - Some Fine
Sand (CH)
Very Loose Brown & Dark Brown
Fine to Medium SAND (SP)
• 2
I
2
%1 4
'
2
1
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D -1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
FALLING 30 IN. REQUIRED TO DRIVE L4 IN. I.D. SAMPLER 1 FT.
UNDISTURBED SAMPLE — WATER TABLE- 24HR.
151% ROCK CORE RECOVERY :- WATER TABLE -1HR.
44 LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
1'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING NO. B-1--
DATE DRILLED 2-18-24
JOB NO. 10062 -94 -5 9
lt--S&ME

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DEPTH
F T.
0.0
3.0
6.0
8.0
12.0
DESCRIPTION ELEV. 0 PENETRATION— BLOWS PER FT.
n 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
Loose Gray Fine to Medium SAND
(SP)
Medium Dense Tan Fine to Medium
SAND - Trace of Clay (SP -SC)
Loose Tan Fine SAND - Some
Silt (SM)
Very Soft Dark Gray Sandy CLAY
(CH)
0
8
11
5
/
2
I
2
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D-1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
CA PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
FALLING 30 IN. REQUIRED TO DRIVE 1.4 IN. I.D. SAMPLER I F7
owUNDISTURBED SAMPLE — WATER TABLE- 24HR.
151% ROCK CORE RECOVERY -= WATER TABLE -IHR.
44 LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
3'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING NO. —B -2
DATE DRILLED 2 -1-- 8-94 –
JOB NO. 1063-94-519
t.-S&ME

DEPTH
FT.
0.0
3.0
6.0
8.0
12.0
DESCRIPTION ELEV. 0 PENETRATION— BLOWS PER FT.
0 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
Medium Dense Brown Fine to
Medium SAND (SP)
Loose Gray Fine to Medium SAND -
Trace of Clay (SP -SC)
Very Loose Gray Fine SAND - Some
Silt (SM)
Very Soft Dark Gray CLAY - Trace
to Some Fine Sand (CH)
5
•
15
2
12
I
• 2
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D-1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
CA PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
! FALLING 301N. REQUIRED TO DRIVE 1.4 IN. I.D. SAMPLER 1 FT.
A
UNDISTURBED SAMPLE WATER TABLE- 24HR.
151% ROCK CORE RECOVERY WATER TABLE -IHR.
44 LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
2.5'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING NO. B-3 —
DATE DRILLED 2 -1— 4
JOB NO. 106_ 3- 94=519
S&ME

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DEPTH
FT.
0.0
1.0
out
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
DESCRIPTION ELEV. ,PENETRATION -BLOWS PER FT.
n in 20 30 40 60 80 100
Tan Fine to Medium SAND (SP)
Firm Tan & Gray CLAY - Some Fine
Sand (CL)
Medium Dense Gray Fine to Medium
SAND (SP)
Very Loose Gray Fine SAND - Some
Silt (SM)
Very Loose Gray Silty Fine SAND
(SM)
Very Soft Gray CLAY (CH)
0 5
11
/
4 3
2
1
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D-1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
' FALLING 30 IN. REQUIRED TO DRIVE L4 IN. I.DQ SAMPLER 1 FT.
A
UNDISTURBED SAMPLE - WATER TABLE- 24HR.
1501% ROCK CORE RECOVERY WATER TABLE-IHR.
LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
5'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING N0. B -4_
DATE DRILLED 2 -1 94
JOB NO. 1063-94--519
*S&ME

1
1
1
DEPTH
F T.
0.0
1.0 Tan Fine to Medium SAND (SP)
9
DESCRIPTION ELEV. 0 PENETRATION— BLOWS PER FT.
0 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
.e
12.0
Stiff to Firm Dark Gray, Gray /
& Tan Sandy CLAY (CL) 6
Very Loose Dark Brown Clayey / 2
Fine to Medium SAND (SC)
5
Loose Brown Silty Fine SAND (SM) \
9
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D-1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
FALLING 30 IN. REQUIRED TO DRIVE 1.4 IN. I.D. SAMPLER I F7.
UNDISTURBED SAMPLE = WATER TABLE- 24HR.
151% ROCK CORE RECOVERY - -:-Z. WATER TABLE -IHR.
-4 LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
5.5'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING NO. --
DATE DRILLED 2 -1_ -94
JOB N0. 1063-94-519
S&ME

1
1
DEPTH
F T.
0.0
3.0
w
10.0
12.0
DESCRIPTION ELEV. 0 PENETRATION— BLOWS PER FT.
• n • In 20 ;30'40 60 80 100
Medium Dense Gray Fine to Medium
SAND (SP)
Very Loose Gray Fine SAND - Some
Silt (SM)
Very Loose to Loose Gray Fine
SAND - Trace of Silt (SP -SM)
Very Loose Dark Gray Silty.,Fine
SAND (SM)
011
/31,
I
• 2
6
• 4
Boring completed at 12.0'.
BORING AND SAMPLING MEETS ASTM D-1586
CORE DRILLING MEETS ASTM D-2113
PENETRATION IS THE NUMBER OF BLOWS OF 140 LB. HAMMER
FALLING 301N. REQUIRED TO DRIVE 1.4 IN. I.D. SAMPLER I FT.
No A
UNDISTURBED SAMPLE - WATER TABLE- 24HR.
151% ROCK CORE RECOVERY WATER TABLE -IHR.
44 LOSS OF DRILLING WATER
2'
TEST BORING RECORD
BORING NO. B -6
DATE DRILLED 2 -1894
JOB NO. 1063-94-519
S&ME

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Division of Environmental Management
Ecological Assessment Group
June 21, 1996
To: Jeff Richter, COE Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
Through John Domeffk)
From: Steven Kroeger!f--
Subject: Cattail removal and associated dredging at Landfall, New Hanover Co.
I have reviewed the proposal to dredge an additional 1.22 acres of cattail marsh in
order to minimize the invasion of cattail into adjacent mitigation sites. The letter (June 10,
1996) from Jeff Richter states that the mitigation sites have been planted with suitable
species, but the species were not native to this particular site. This statement is confusing.
If the planted species are not local ecotypes, then that may help explain why cattails are
threatening the mitigation site. However, the proximity of the mitigation site to a stand of
cattail is a legitimate concern. Cattail is a very aggressive species, and can tolerate a range
of water depths.
The applicant proposes to replant the 1.22 acres with "high quality wetland
vegetation." However, it is not clear what species will replace cattail. Moreover, it may be
difficult to transplant any species in an area with standing water, particularly when the
depth of water will be increased as a result of dredging.
I have no objection to the proposal but I would like to see a list of species that may
be transplanted.

. . y, ,
*� DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402 -1890
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF June 10, 1996
Izz
Regulatory Branch
O Tq
1 6 1 V w N 't'
Action ID No. 199500221 S C' Q
•� ^Nsc /FN��S
Mr. John Dorney C� d i�
Division of Environmental Management
I
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -7687
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Enclosed please find a plan from Landfall Developers, Inc., concerning a
proposed modification to a recently issued permit which authorized excavation
of the Lower Horseshoe Lake, excavation and creation of an Upper Lake, and
subsequent creation and enhancement of wetlands, adjacent to but separate from
the Intracoastal Waterway, in the Landfall development, in New Hanover County,
North Carolina. The work authorized by the original permit will result in
impacts to 7.78 acres of wetlands.
The proposed modification to the original permit requests that the
applicant be allowed to dredge an additional 1.22 acres of cattail marsh. One
purpose of the request is an attempt to remove as many cattails as possible,
thereby reducing the potential for cattail colonization within recently
planted mitigation areas on the Upper Lake. While these areas have been
planted with suitable species, the species are not native to this particular
site:` The cattails are native and haveA� quickly invaU�---d and dominated similar
suitable areas. The applicant is aware that they will not be able to
completely eliminate cattails from the site, but they hope to make control of
cattails more manageable, at least until the planted species have become well
adapted to their planted site.
In addition to the removal and control of cattails, another benefit the
applicant foresees is that a larger area will be available for dredging to a
deeper depth, thereby eliminating (or reducing) the possibility of future
algae problems associated with shallow ponds. Please note that the applicant
will plant 1.22 acres of high quality wetland vegetation at the site.
The purpose of this letter is to request that you review the proposal
and contact the undersigned within 14 days of the date of this letter if you
have any concerns with the proposal. Should any germane concerns be raised by
any Federal or State review agency, we will advertise the proposed
modification by Public Notice. However, if no objections or concerns are
raised, we will consider the request to be minor in nature and will modify
the existing permit accordingly.

T ,b .
-2-
Your prompt attention to this matter is appreciated. Should you have
any questions, please contact me at telephone [phone].
Enclosure
Sincerely,
Jeffrey H. Richter
Project Manager
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office

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HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
WETLAND MITIGATION
1996 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
INCLUDING INFORMATION ON
BASELINE AND "AS BUILT" CONDITIONS
Prepared for:
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Wilmington, North Carolina
Prepared by:
CZR INCORPORATED
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
March 1997

HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
WETLAND MITIGATION
1996 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
INCLUDING INFORMATION ON
BASELINE AND "AS BUILT" CONDITIONS
Prepared for:
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Wilmington, North Carolina
Prepared by:
CZR INCORPORATED
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
March 1997

HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
WETLAND MITIGATION
1996 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
INCLUDING INFORMATION ON
BASELINE AND "AS BUILT" CONDITIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paqe
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................... ...............................
LIST OF TABLES ........................... ............................iii
LIST OF FIGURES .......................... .............................iv
LIST OF APPENDICES ....................... .............................iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................... ............................... 1
2.0 MITIGATION SITE LOCATION .......... ............................... 1
3.0 PROJECT GOALS .................. ............................... 1
4.0 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................. ............................... 1
5.0 PRE - CONSTRUCTION SITE CHARACTERISTICS ............................. 3
6.0 SITE PREPARATION ................. ............................... 3
7.0 1996 "AS BUILT" MITIGATION SITE CHARACTERISTICS ...................... 3
7.1 Topography and Soils .......... ............................... 3
7.2 Transplanted Vegetation ........ ............................... 4
8.0 SITE MONITORING ................. ............................... 4
8.1 Hydrology .................. ............................... 4
8.2 Vegetation ................. ............................... 11
8.3 Reports .................... ............................... 11
9.0 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTED IN 1996 .............................. 11
9.1 Rainfall -- 1996 .............. ............................... 11
9.2 Hydrology ................. ............................... 11
9.3 Vegetation ................. ............................... 13
9.3.1 Herbaceous Vegetation ... ............................... 13
9.3.2 Woody Vegetation ...... ............................... 16
9.4 Wildlife Observations .......... ............................... 16
9.5 Summary of 1996 Observations .. ............................... 16

LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
1 Results of soil analyses from samples collected in June 1996 at the Horseshoe Lake complex .... 6
2 Summary of wetland vegetation planted at the Horseshoe Lake complex in May 1996 ......... 8
3 Locations and elevations of monitoring wells at the Horseshoe Lake complex .............. 10
4 Water level data from 21 monitoring wells and one staff gauge in the Horseshoe Lake complex
during1996 ............................. .............................14
5 Locations and elevations of vegetation sampling transects at the Horseshoe Lake complex ..... 15
6 Average percent coverage of herbaceous vegetation in sampled quadrats at the Horseshoe Lake
complex................................ .............................17
7 Number (and percentage) of quadrats sampled with and without vegetation present during June
and September 1996 at the Horseshoe Lake complex .............................. 17
8 Summary of the occurrence of planted species within planned planting zones at the Horseshoe
Lake complex ............................ .............................18
9 Status of planted herbaceous species at the Horseshoe Lake complex during 1996 .......... 21
10 Number of individuals tagged during June 1 996for woody species planted atthe Horseshoe Lake
complex................................ .............................22
11 Percent survival of planted woody species between June 1996 and November 1996 at the
Horseshoe Lake complex ................... ............................... 23
12 Wildlife or signs of wildlife species encountered at the Horseshoe Lake complex ............ 24
13 Summary of planned and estimated vegetation characteristics of the mitigation sites at the
Horseshoe Lake complex .................. ............................... 26

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 General location map of Horseshoe Lake wetland complex, New Hanover County, N.C. ........ 2
2 As -built contour map of the Horseshoe Lake complex ............................... 5
3 Planting plan for the Horseshoe Lake complex ..... ............................... 7
4 Locations of monitoring wells, tree sections, and herbaceous sampling transects at the Horseshoe
Lake complex ............................ ..............................9
5 Monthly rainfall recorded at the New Hanover County weather station as of 1 December 1996 .. 12
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A PUBLIC NOTICE AND DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT FOR THE PROJECT AND SELECTED
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS CORRESPONDENCES
APPENDIX B MONITORING PLAN AND ACCEPTANCE LETTER
APPENDIX C CHARACTERISTIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE DURING 1996
APPENDIX D 1996 DATA FROM THE WL -40 SEMI - CONTINUOUS WATER LEVEL RECORDERS AT THE
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
APPENDIX E RESULTS OF VEGETATION SAMPLING DURING JUNE 1996 (E -1) AND SEPTEMBER 1996 (E -2)
AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
APPENDIX F DESCRIPTION OF SOIL PARAMETERS
iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report was prepared to comply with the terms and conditions described in the Department
of the Army's Individual Permit Number 199500221 regarding wetland mitigation associated with the
Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall in New Hanover County, North Carolina. The permit was issued
in October 1995 to allow impacts to 7.78 acres of wetlands for the creation of an enlarged lake (Upper
Lake) and maintenance activities in the vicinity of Horseshoe Lake. The project involved the excavation
of 1.16 acres of cattail marsh and 3.00 acres of open water in the existing Horseshoe Lake, the
inundation and fill of 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands and 2.29 acres of natural wetlands for the
creation of the Upper Lake, and the fill of 0.05 acre of natural wetlands for the construction of a road.
Mitigation to offset the impacts of the work includes the creation of 3.24 acres of wetlands
from existing uplands, the restoration of 0.56 acre of prior converted wetlands, the enhancement of
4.64 acres of existing wetlands, the creation of 4.73 acres of open -water habitat, and the preservation
of 12.32 acres of existing wetlands and open -water habitat.
The Public Notice and Department of Army Permit associated with this project are included
within Appendix A. The proposed project (including background information, affected environment,
project design, environmental consequences, and mitigation measures) is described and summarized
in the "Environmental Assessment Horseshoe Lake Complex Project at Landfall New Hanover County,
North Carolina - February 1, 1995," an application for an Individual 404 permit on file with the Army
Corps of Engineers (ACOE).
2.0 MITIGATION SITE LOCATION
The proposed project is located near the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, and off Arboretum
Drive in the Horseshoe Lake area of the Landfall Community in New Hanover County, North Carolina.
The Landfall Community, a 2,250 -acre tract formerly known as the Pembroke Jones Estate, is roughly
bordered by Eastwood Road (US 74) to the south, the Intracoastal Waterway to the east, Howe Creek
to the north, and a Carolina Power and Light powerline easement near Military Cutoff to the west
(Figure 1).
3.0 PROJECT GOALS
The purpose of the project is to create an aesthetically pleasing lake area for future
development, as well as to enhance wetland functions in an area of disturbed wetland. Goals
associated with the project include:
1) controlling stormwater run -off from adjacent residential areas,
2) functioning as a settling pond to protect the marshes and open water areas of Middle
Sound, from nutrients and sediments associated with residential development,
3) enhancing a degraded wetland complex,
4) providing improved wildlife habitat,
5) creating a setting more attractive to the adjoining residential subdivision, and
6) providing a mechanism for wetland /water management.
4.0 SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success criteria proposed with the permit application are included in Appendix B. Special
conditions of the issued permit which differ from the proposed criteria are centered around Special
Condition numbers 5 and 7. The two conditions are summarized below.

N

1) "Hydrology will be maintained such that the soils are either saturated within 12 inches
of the surface, ponded, or flooded, for at least 12.5 percent of the growing season
under reasonably average climatic conditions." (Special Condition #5)
2) "Survival rates of each species will be at least 80 percent of the number planted."
(Special Condition #7)
The vegetation success criteria were discussed with Mr. Jeff Richter of the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers (ACOE) on 14 December 1996 relative to applying the "80 percent of the number planted"
to the relative cover of herbaceous vegetation and using the ACOE guidelines for hardwood mitigation
for the trees.
5.0 PRE - CONSTRUCTION SITE CHARACTERISTICS
The original Horseshoe Lake was created in the 1920s by impounding a natural drain and
possibly some excavation. Horseshoe Lake is "U" or horseshoe - shaped with the ends pointing toward
the southeast. A high ground berm separates the Horseshoe Lake from tidal marsh along the
Intracoastal Waterway. A watershed of approximately 260 acres drains naturally into the lake and a
culvert connects the lake with the marsh. The presence of cattails (Typha iatifoiia) in the lake suggests
that the lake is elevated enough to prevent regular saltwater intrusion.
A water body (called Upper Lake) has been created above Horseshoe Lake as a result of various
excavation and borrow activities. The excavated material was primarily sand and was used for
residential development. Sand was removed from some areas down to a clay layer which ponded water
and created the original Upper Lake. Vegetation of the area was largely comprised of early successional
species characteristic of disturbed areas. Plant communities of the Horseshoe Lake area were
delineated by CZR in 1994 and are described in the permit application.
6.0 SITE PREPARATION
Project details and design were submitted with the February 1995 permit package. Discussions
with the ACOE relative to refined project specifications are found in Appendix A. Preparation of the
site involved considerable earth work. Major earth work occurred during January through April 1996,
with additional repair and grading work continuing throughout the year. Excavation of material from
the Upper Lake area to appropriate elevations required the removal of approximately 75,000 cubic
yards. Careful attention was focused on fine grading the planting shelves where elevation and
corresponding water depth were crucial to achieving a successful mitigation project. Some planting
shelves were undercut and refilled with topsoil to enhance substrate material for planted wetland
vegetation. Approximately 4,800 cubic yards of unsuitable material was removed and topsoil was
added to improve the substrate of the planting shelves.
A dam outlet structure and associated piping, along with an earthen berm, was constructed
between the original Horseshoe Lake and the modified Upper Lake. The slopes and terraces along the
perimeter of Upper Lake were also fine - graded. In addition, a groundwater well was installed near the
northeastern corner of the lake to supply water as needed to manage the lake's water level.
7.0 1996 "AS- BUILT" MITIGATION SITE CHARACTERISTICS
7.1 Topography and Soils. The Upper Lake was contoured with gradually sloping shelves
or terraces along the edges and open water in the middle of the lake. Areas adjacent to the original
Horseshoe Lake were also contoured and planted with wetland vegetation. Maintenance of the lower
lake via removal of accumulated sediments and recently invading cattails was initiated in September
1996. Elevation of the normal water level in Upper Lake is 5.0 feet above sea level. An as -built
3

drawing depicting contours of the site, surveyed monitoring well locations, and the ends of herbaceous
sampling transects is presented as Figure 2.
Upper Lake occupies approximately acres (5.82 acres of unvegetated open water and 6.0 acres
of wetland via creation, enhancement, and restoration techniques). An additional 2.44 acres of wetland
mitigation (via creation, enhancement, restoration) occurs below the dam in association with the original
Horseshoe Lake.
Soils of the site have been excavated, contoured, and in some areas backfilled with topsoil.
Soils in the vicinity of the 21 monitoring wells were collected using a hand auger. Soil was collected
from the top 6 to 8 inches of the surface, mixed, and dried from each site. Samples were submitted
to the N.C. Department of Agriculture for analysis and the results are presented in Table 1.
7.2 Transplanted Vegetation. Wetland vegetation of the site was planted in May 1996.
Sixteen herbaceous species and eight woody species were planted at the site (Figure 3). Information
on planted vegetation, including a species list, wetland indicator status, spacing, and quantity of each
species planted, is found in Table 2. The terraces along the perimeter of Upper Lake were planted with
herbaceous species at densities of approximately every 2 to 3 feet apart (i.e. 2 to 3 -foot centers).
Woody vegetation was spaced at ten -foot centers and consisted of containerized (3, 7, and 15 gallon)
plants. Surrounding land was seeded with annual grasses and covered with straw to prevent erosion.
8.0 SITE MONITORING
A monitoring plan titled "Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan and Services Associated
with the Horseshoe Lake Wetland Complex for 1996 through 1998" was submitted to the ACOE on
22 January 1996 and a revised version on 23 April 1996. This plan was accepted by the ACOE, and
the plan and acceptance letter are found in Appendix B. The monitoring plan is based primarily on the
monitoring of 8.44 acres of wetland mitigation (via enhancement, creation, and restoration techniques).
8.1 Hydrology. Site hydrology is being monitored by measuring water levels through the
use of shallow water monitoring wells in conjunction with semi - continuous monitors and a staff gauge.
Monitoring well locations and elevations have been surveyed (Figure 4 and Table 3), and water levels
are checked at least monthly by CZR.
A shallow monitoring well consists of a 1.5 -foot length of 1.25 -inch diameter PVC screen (0.1-
inch slot) coupled to a 1 -foot 1.25 -inch diameter solid PVC riser. Each well was inserted into the
ground on the terraces found along the perimeter of the lake as well as the contoured areas below the
dam associated with Horseshoe Lake. Sand from the site was used to repack the hole around the well
and any clay dug from the hole was used to repack the seal at the surface. The riser is topped with
a removable cap which allows access for measuring and prevents objects from entering the well.
Six semi - continuous water level monitors (model WL -40 units produced by Research Data
Systems) were installed at the site. A WL -40 consists of a battery - powered instrument capable of
measuring and storing water table fluctuations across a 40 -inch range. A microprocessor with
programmable reading intervals stores up to 510 data points. The WL -40s were installed in hand -
augered holes approximatly 24 to 30 inches deep, allowing the remainder of the well to extend above
the ground. This set -up allows the monitor to record fluctuations in water levels both below ground
or above the ground (i.e. the lake level). The units at Horseshoe Lake were programmed to take
measurements every 1.5 hours. This interval allows the collection of the maximum number of data
points within a one month time period. Down - loading of data is obtained through wireless infrared
transmission to a hand held computer /calculator.
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PROJECT 'BOUNDARY r
,1
sECnoN
• \ 1 SECTION
.
SECTION 7 �`,/ - _ 1 1 27606 2 S S
F
SIX
/ 0.062 At
9786 SF
0.225 At
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
1
1�
1,
I
AREA OF SECTION NINE 1
\ HERBACEOUS CREDIT 1
.L'9 - SECTION
.�. ,• ` , ` . NINE
6881 SF
" . ' . 0.158 At
` • UPPER LAKE ` • ' • . - .
" 5.677 Ae 751504 SF . .
• OPEN WATER 9K:UID91G „ j..73q Ac.. "
PRESERVED OPEN WATER
. " .
SECTION LC 5
FOUR /. . _
L 4`
.106553 §F" ._
WELL 2
PROJECT BOUNDARY 3`
• . WELL A .
WETLAND AREAS LANDFALL ASSOCIATES " _ ' • • +
BASED ON PLANNED CONTOURS k PLANTING SHELVES A•
EMPLANTED ACRES (CREDIT) \
E M PLANTED Wi WOODY SPECIES
4.772 ACRES (CREDIT)
CD PLANTED WITH HERBACEOUS SPECIES /
PRESERVED EXISTING WETLANDS
PRESERVED EXISTING OPEN WATER
1.31 ACRES IN UPPER LAKE ZONE Y /
WELL 16
(p
MONITORING SITES
® SHALLOW GROUND WATER WELL
SECTIONS ONE THROUGH TEN DESIGNATE
SECTION SUB SAMPLES OF WOODY SPECIES
II TRANSECT FOR MONITORING HERBACEOUS
SPECIES, ONE -METER QUADRATS ARE
SAMPLED EVERY 20 FEET ALONG EACH
TRANSECT.
STAFF GAUGE
SF
At
SECTION
TWO I
HORSESHOE LAKE
HORMWO8 un Cow=
LANDFALL
�t111.��tUl. � 'P""'�►�
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.-N11—
SAT CONSUMA Y8
MAWRIPIOMM
milom wr
BBSEAttCBLUMMMIMCWMI, am
SORVEYDIG:
HORSESHOE LAKE
MITIGATION PLAN
TREE MONITORING
SECTIONS
ROJECT BOUNDARY
DATE: FEBRUARY 27, 1997
. wEli -.1x
• 22613 SE SECTION
0519 At
. 1775 SF
.`. 0.011 AC
/ PROJECT BOUNDARY \
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
I
100 50 0 100 200 3DO
SCALE IN FEET
HORSESHOE
LAKE COMPLEX
HARNETT TOW" NEW HANOVER COUNTY NORTH CARmft
MONITORING SITES AND WETLAND AREAS
FIGURE J4
att: imIUIMr 1M7 MP[p wr.
704O/g4 tI,L -11
01MQ� Landfall Associates Inc.
P.O. Box 5368
Wilmington, North Carolino 28403
319 WALNUT STREET w
MLMINGION. N.C. 28101
`_ _.. PHONE [phone]

Table 3. Locations and elevations of monitoring wells at the Horseshoe Lake complex
Well #
Northing
Easting
Ground elevations
Top of well/ blue lineb
1
178775.29
2361974.41
4.4
7.88/5.99
2
178885.65
2362023.47
4.6
6.07
3
178828.98
2361840.12
5.0
6.23
4
178937.06
2361772.44
5.1
6.10
5
178996.11
2361779.46
4.6
5.78
6
178939.70
2361662.35
5.9
8.70/6.84
7
178903.22
2361568.15
6.2
7.43
8
179240.63
2361711.22
5.3
8.55/6.70
9
179325.26
2361846.21
5.3
6.62
10
179963.21
2361906.48
6.4
7.18
11
179762.36
2361980.07
5.0
7.75/5.91
12
179413.05
2362068.18
4.5
6.56
13
179259.83
2362256.55
5.2
5.92
14
179058.27
2362770.56
4.9
7.90/5.99
15
178640.71
2362428.63
5.0
5.97
16
178514.98
2362038.13
5.0
5.75
17
178171.99
2362328.67
4.8
5.67
18
178333.15
2362237.24
5.0
7.56/5.71
19
178392.44
2362321.79
4.7
5.57
20
178441.01
2362084.79
6.6
7.54
21
178595.50
2362094.32
5.0
5.66
s In feet above sea level.
b Blue line refers to the reference point on the semi - continuous WL -40 ground water monitor
10

Rainfall data are obtained from the weather station at the New Hanover International Airport
weather station. Tables depicting monthly rainfall will be included in each annual report.
8.2 Vegetation. Areas planted with herbaceous species are monitored and sampled by a
qualitative assessment of relative coverage. Eighty -three one - square meter quadrats (plots) were
located along 11 transects around the Upper Lake. No herbaceous plantings occurred below the dam
around Horseshoe Lake. Transects are oriented in a perpendicular direction from upland areas around
the lake and extend toward the open water of the lake. Quadrats are located every 20 feet along the
transects and characterize the zonation and diversity of planted areas. The relative coverage for all
species encountered were estimated for each quadrat. Each transect is located in the vicinity of a
monitoring well.
Approximately 50 percent of the planted woody species of the site were flagged and
permanently marked with aluminum tags. The height and root collar diameter of each tagged individual
were subsequently recorded. Trees from all planted areas or sections (see Figure 4) were sampled.
Every other individual for each species was tagged and measured.
Photographs were taken at permanently established points during the vegetation sampling
period to provide visual documentation of the wetland mitigation areas. Other photographs showing
particular on -site features are included in Appendix C.
8.3 Reports. Two reports, a baseline /as -built report and an end -of -year annual report, were
planned for 1996. However, the damage from two hurricanes (Bertha and Fran) irr the area resulted
in continual modifications of the site to maintain the original design of wetland areas. Heavy rains in
the area resulted in the erosion of the adjacent shoreline and accretion of sediment onto the edges of
the planting shelves. Discussions and on -site meetings with the ACOE resulted in the decision to
prepare a single end -of -year report that summarizes the 1996 activities associated with the project.
The baseline /as -built report and end -of -year annual report will be submitted in 1997.
9.0 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTED IN 1996
9.1 Rainfall - 1996. Rainfall data from January through November 1996 were provided by the New
Hanover International Airport weather station located approximately seven miles northwest of Landfall.
The rainfall data were used to assist in the analysis of the shallow ground water data. Monthly
precipitation totals recorded from the airport are found in Figure 5. Deviations (in inches) from monthly
averages were: -1.15 in January, -2.42 in February, +0.38 in March, -0.27 in April, -1.25 in May,
+2.62 in June, +5.24 in July, -2.19 in August, +8.20 in September, +3.10 in October, and -1.99
in November. Precipitation totals for February and November were below one standard deviation of
the monthly averages, and totals for July and September were above one standard deviation of the
monthly average. During 1996, 61.68 inches of rain were recorded through November. The
cumulative year -to -date precipitation was 10.67 inches above the average for the year through
November. Much of the above average rain can be attributed to the rains associated with the passage
of hurricane Bertha in July and hurricane Fran in September. Rainfall data collected from Landfall
indicated that even more rain fell at Landfall during June (1.18 inches more) and September (6.67
inches more). Several rain events exceeded 4 inches in a short time span and contributed to atypical
climatic conditions during 1996.
9.2 Hydrology. Water levels of the site were measured through the use of shallow water monitoring
wells in conjunction with semi - continuous water level monitors (WL -40s). Fifteen monitoring wells and
six semi - continuous monitors were installed in early June 1996. Nine shallow monitoring wells and five
semi - continuous monitors were installed around the Upper Lake, and six shallow monitoring wells and
one semi - continuous monitor were installed around Lower Horseshoe Lake. A staff gauge was installed
11

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12

in the upper portion of the Upper Lake. Monitoring well locations and elevations were surveyed and
recorded. Water levels were checked at least monthly during 1996 by CZR (Table 4).
Hydrology data were analyzed to determine if the area represented by the monitoring wells met
the hydrology requirements necessary for regulation as Section 404 jurisdictional wetlands. The data
were analyzed using information provided in the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (U.S.
Department of the Army 1987) and an ACOE clarification memorandum (7 October 1991).
The presence of wetland hydrology was evaluated on the number of consecutive days the water
table was within 12 inches of the surface during the growing season. The growing season for the site
is based on the "28 degrees Fahrenheit or lower" temperature threshold at a frequency of "5 years in
10" and extends from 27 February to 26 November (271) days. This information is based on dates
from New Hanover County (New Hanover County soil survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture 1977).
The ground elevations (feet above sea level) at the well sites ranged from 4.4 (Well #1) to 6.6
(Well #20). Only one of the fourteen monitoring sites associated with the upper lake was not located
on the contoured shelves around the lake. Well #8 (elevation of 5.3 feet above sea level) was located
in a drain adjacent to the lake that was planted with cypress trees. Only one well, well #20 associated
with the Lower Horseshoe Lake, did not appear to exhibit wetland hydrology above 12.5 percent of the
growing season in 1996. Well #20 was located at an elevation of 6.6 feet above sea level and
represents an area of less than a third of an acre.
Because the normal lake level is 5.0 feet above sea level and most of the wells were located
on shelves around the lake, the water level was near or above the surface at most well sites for the
majority of the growing season. Each of the sites with semi - continuous monitors exceeded the wetland
hydrology for over 12.5 percent of the growing season during 1996 (Appendix D). Data from all
fourteen monitoring sites associated with the upper lake indicate that all 14 sites have exceeded the
wetland hydrology criterion. Most sites exhibited water levels above the ground surface for over 12.5
percent of the growing season.
Water levels of the site are largely controlled by the outlet structures at the dam between the
lakes and the outlet associated with the original Lower Horseshoe Lake. Because of these structures,
water levels of the mitigation sites are less responsive to rainfall events compared to water levels in
more natural settings. The purpose of the outlet structures and supplemental well was to create a
setting which allowed the management of water levels at the site. One of the key factors in achieving
a wetland fringe around the lake will be the management of appropriate water levels to encourage and
maintain wetland vegetation.
9.3 Vegetation
9.3.1 Herbaceous Vegetation. Vegetation of the site was monitored along 11 transects
(identified as "A" through "K" in Figure 4). The transacts were located on the shelves planted with
herbaceous wetland plants. The locations and elevations of sampling transects were surveyed and are
listed in Table 5. Of the 83 quadrats sampled along the transects, 8 quadrats were in areas not planted
but located in areas designated as preservation areas. Data recorded from each of the 1 -meter square
quadrats during June and September 1996 are found in Appendix E.
The average percent coverage of quadrats with herbaceous vegetation increased from 9.7
percent in June to 20.4 percent in September 1996. Despite considerable shoreline erosion and
sedimentation into the lake from heavy rains during the summer, the average coverage of herbaceous
species on the planted shelves increased from 3.3 percent in June 1996 to 21.5 percent in September
1996. Vegetation coverage in preservation areas along the lakeshore decreased from 68.8 percent to
13 I �rA? 6 1 �\ %

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Table 5. Locations and elevations of vegetation sampling transects at the Horseshoe Lake complex.
Transect
Northing
Easting
Ground
Heading
Length
ends
elevations
(in feet)
A
178682.46
2361935.26
5.7
N 24 009'00"
220.40
A -1
178883.56
2362025.43
4.3
B
178810.82
2361830.09
5.08
N 27 °46'13"
220.14
B -1
179005.61
2361932.66
2.3
C
178897.67
2361769.93
6.1
N 06 °49'58"
159.16
C -1
179055.70
2361788.87
4.9
D
178881.69
2361660.95
7.2
N 05 000'46"
78.86
D -1
178960.24
2361667.84
5.3
E
179324.66
2361827.16
6.0
S 87 052'32"
79.34
E -1
179321.73
2361906.44
4.1
F
179861.33
2361911.33
3.3
S 04 006'33"
118.94
F -1
179742.70
2361902.80
2.5
N 73 018'09"
99.22
F -2
179771.21
2361997.84
4.7
G
179432.59
2362102.25
5.2
S 64 037'02"
59.34
G -1
179407.15
2362048.64
3.8
H
179278.23
2362262.21
5.2
S 23 007'07"
139.09
H -1
179150.31
2362207.59
2.3
1
179070.32
2362808.00
5.3
S 75023'14"
119.49
1 -1
179040.17
2362692.38
2.8
J
178973.93
2362343.39
5.4
N 21055'39"
59.91
J -1
179029.50
2362321.03
1.8
K
178878.21
2362283.83
5.4
N 60 022'42"
79.69
K -1
178917.59
2362214.56
2.5
s In feet above sea level.
15

10.6 percent within the same time period (Table 6). The number of quadrats with vegetation remained
the same on the planted shelves, but decreased in the preservation areas (Table 7). The decrease of
vegetation in some preservation parcels is the result of increased water levels and damage from
hurricane Fran.
Twenty -three species were documented from the quadrats soon after planting in early June
1996. Forty -eight species were documented from the quadrats in September 1996. In September
1996, the frequency of occurrence was highest for sheathed flatsedge (Cyperus haspan) and hairy
umbrella -sedge (Fuirena squarrosa), which occurred in 38 percent of the sampled quadrats. Both of
these species are naturally invading annuals that are common in recently disturbed low elevation areas.
A summary on the occurrence of planted species within planned planting zones is found in Table 8.
The status of planted herbaceous species during 1996 is summarized in Table 9. Species showing
increases in a frequency of occurrence between June and September 1996 included smooth water
hysop (Bacopa monnierr), lemon bacopa (Bacopa caroiiniana), red ludwigia (Ludwigia repens), pickerel
weed (Pontederia cordata), arrow arum (Pe/tandra virginica), and canna lily (Canna fiacida). Species
showing sharp declines in a frequency of occurrence included cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
and fragrant water lily (Nymphaea odorata).
9.3.2 Woody Vegetation. A total of 824 woody individuals were tagged and measured (Table
10). Using this number of tagged individuals, and the fact that half the planted trees were tagged, it
is concluded that approximately 1648 individuals were planted. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and
pond cypress (Taxodium ascenders) comprised 53 percent of the planted individuals. All other species
comprised less than 12 percent of the total number of individuals planted. A minimum of 675
individuals of the total 824 individuals planted were alive in November 1996. It is anticipated that
additional trees may be added to the total surviving after a survey of mortality in the Spring of 1997.
Overall, a minimum of 82 percent of the woody individuals planted survived the first growing season.
A density of approximately 337 planted "trees" per acre was estimated at the site during November
1996. Percent survival was highest for red maple (96 percent), sweet gum (95 percent), bald /pond
cypress (91 percent), and water ash (89 percent) (Table 11). Loblolly bay had the lowest survival at
4 percent. The lack of a rich organic substrate and stresses associated with the passage of two
hurricanes are believed to be the most important factors in the mortality of woody species.
9.4 Wildlife Observations. Observations of wildlife and wildlife sign were recorded in conjunction
with other sampling activities. One amphibian, three reptile, fifty bird, and four mammal species were
recorded at the site during May through November 1996. The shallow water habitats associated with
the open water of the lakes, in conjunction with the site's proximity to other coastal habitats, account
for the attraction to the area by waterbirds. Despite the construction activities throughout the year,
numerous wildlife species often associated with wetlands have been documented at the site. A
summary of the wildlife encountered at the site is found in Table 12.
9.5 Summary of 1996 Observations.
• Major construction of the Upper Lake and planting of wetland vegetation were completed
in May 1996.
• The passage of two hurricanes (Bertha in July and Fran in September) through the region
resulted in well above average rainfall amounts and damage to the Horseshoe Lake complex.
Fran was particularly destructive with winds in excess of 100 miles per hour and a storm
surge that resulted in the complete inundation of the site with sea water. All of the planted
shelves were covered with a minimum of 3 to 4 feet of sea water for several hours. Wrack
left from the surge indicates that sea water flooded to near the 12 foot contour. The storm
surge breached the emergency spillway section of the dam at elevation 8.6 feet above sea
16

Table 6. Average percent coverage of herbaceous vegetation in sampled quadrats at the Horseshoe
Lake complex.
Area Number of quadrats June 1996 September 1996
Planted shelves
75
3.3%
21.5%
Preservation parcels
8
68.8%
10.6%
All quadrats
83
9.7%
- 20.4%
Table 7. Number (and percentage) of quadrats sampled with and without vegetation present during
June and September 1996 at the Horseshoe Lake complex.
June 1996 September 1996
17
Number of
Area
quadrats
Vegetated
Unvegetated
Vegetated
Unvegetated
Preservation parcels
8
8(100%)
0(0%)
5(63%)
3 (37 %)
Planted herbaceous /woody
75
54(72%)
21 (28 %)
54(72%)
21 (28 %)
shelves
All areas sampled
83
62 (75 %)
21 (25 %)
59(71%)
24(29%)
17

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21

Table 10. Number of individuals tagged during June 1996 for woody species planted at the Horseshoe
Lake complex.
Species Section Total
22
1
2 3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10
Red maple
46
35 — — —
14
— — — —
95
Water ash
62
— — — —
8
— — — —
70
Loblolly bay
—
— 14 — —
—
31 — — —
45
Sweet gum
60
— — — —
—
— — — —
60
Sweet bay
—
— 14 — —
—
35 — — —
49
Swamp tupelo
—
— 48 — —
9
— — — —
57
Bald /pond cypress
100
36 77 71 55
16
10 19 39 18
441
Wax myrtle
_
_ _ _ _
—
7 — _ —
7
268
71 153 71 55
47
83 19 39 18
824
22

Table 11. Percent survival of planted woody species between June 1996 and November 1996 at the
Horseshoe Lake complex.
Species
1
2
3
Percent survival by section
4 5 6 7 8
Total
percent
survlvala
9 10
Red maple
98
100
—
— — 93 — —
— — 96
Water ash
97
—
—
— — 88 — —
— — 89
Loblolly bay
—
—
7
— — — 3 —
— — 4
Sweet gum
97
—
—
— — — — —
— — 95
Sweet bay
—
—
43
— — — 71 —
— — 63
Swamp tupelo
—
—
35
— — 100 — —
— — 46
Bald /pond cypress
99
100
96
66 96 88 90 89
95 100 91
Wax myrtle
=
_
_
_ _ — 71 —
_ — 71
96
96
64
66 96 91 48 89
95 100 82
a The total percent survival for each woody species was calculated by dividing the number of living
individuals for each species by the total number of tagged individuals for each respective species.
23

Table 12. Wildlife or signs of wildlife species encountered at the Horseshoe Lake wetland complex.
Species
1996 1997 1998
Southern leopard frog
•
Yellow- bellied slider
•
Black racer
•
Eastern cottonmouth
•
Pied - billed grebe
•
Snowy egret
•
Little blue heron
•
Green heron
•
Black- crowned night -heron
•
White ibis
•
Glossy ibis
•
Mute swan
•
Canada goose
•
Wood duck
•
Ruddy duck
•
Osprey
•
Red - tailed hawk
•
American kestrel
•
Northern bobwhite
•
American coot
•
Semipalmated plover
•
Killdeer
•
Black- necked stilt
•
Greater yellowlegs
•
Lesser yellowlegs
•
Solitary sandpiper
•
Spotted sandpiper
•
Semipalmated sandpiper
•
Western sandpiper
•
Least sandpiper
•
Dunlin
•
Short - billed dowitcher
•
Common snipe
•
Laughing gull
•
Caspian tern
•
Least tern
•
Mourning dove
•
Common nighthawk
•
Chimney swift
•
Belted kingfisher
•
Purple martin
•
Tree swallow
•
Barn swallow
•
Fish crow
•
Painted bunting
•
Field sparrow
•
Savannah sparrow
•
Song sparrow
•
Swamp sparrow
•
Red - winged blackbird
•
Brown - headed cowbird
•
Virginia opossum
•
Red fox
•
Raccoon
•
White - tailed deer
•
24

level and resulted in a portion of the dam being washed into the lake. Heavy rains resulted
in considerable erosion along the perimeter of the lake and sedimentation into the lake. The
storm surge also resulted in the accumulation and deposition of several hundred cubic yards
of storm debris (logs, timbers, marsh grasses, etc.) on the planting shelves; the deposition
and removal of storm debris from the planting shelves resulted in additional damage to
shoreline vegetation. Also, inundation of the lakes with sea water resulted in considerable
stress from saltwater. Salinity, in deeper areas of the lakes was recorded at 11 parts per
thousand (ppt) in the Upper Lake and 17 ppt in the Lower Horseshoe Lake on 13 September
1996 about one week after the storm. Surface water salinity was between 1 to 2 ppt
during this same period. Intrusion of salt water and wind -blown salt resulted in the
defoliation of many tree leaves and "salt burn" on much of the herbaceous vegetation. Rains
immediately after the storm surge probably helped wash some salt from plants, yet some
salinity has remained in the lower, deep -water areas of the lake.
• Rainfall amounts were well above average during the 1996 growing season and were above
normal during July, September, and October.
• Soils in the vicinity of 20 of the 21 monitoring wells were saturated within 12 inches of the
surface for over 12.5 percent of the growing season. Most of these sites also had water
above the ground surface over 12.5 percent of the growing season. Only one well (number
20), representing an area less than a third of an acre below the dam, did not meet wetland
hydrology for over 12.5 percent of the growing season.
• The WL -40 semi - continuous water level recorders were affected by apparent iron deposits
on the probes which wicked water higher than actual water levels. This false reading
indicated that water levels were generally 1 to 8 inches higher than true readings. Attempts
to reduce this build -up of deposits were not effective. Readings reported in this report
reflect actual WL -40 measurements. No modifications to the data were incorporated. Even
if 8 inches were subtracted from all WL -40 readings, the wells would still exhibit wetland
hydrology for over 12.5 percent of the growing season.
• Survival of planted woody vegetation was 82 percent. Survival was highest for red maple
and lowest for loblolly bay. Density of surviving woody species was estimated at 337
individuals per acre.
• Survival (based on the number of quadrats in which a species occurred) for planted
herbaceous vegetation was highest for pickerelweed, arrow arum, and canna lily. Species
showing poor survival included cinnamon fern and fragrant water lily. Many of the water
lilies were uprooted and eaten by feral Canada geese and mute swans during the two weeks
after planting. A series of string lines were suspended over larger patches of planted
vegetation in attempt to discourage waterfowl from feeding on the recently planted
herbaceous species.
• Coverage of herbaceous vegetation increased for quadrats with vegetation between June
and September; however, frequency of occurrence (number of quadrats with vegetation)
decreased. The decrease in the number of quadrats with vegetation is estimated to be due
to the loss of some vegetation from flooding. Some vegetation appears to have been
stressed by high water levels. A summary of planned and estimated vegetation
characteristics of the site is found in Table 13.
• Additional contouring along portions of the planting shelves will occur and replanting of
herbaceous and woody vegetation will occur in the Spring of 1997. Base -line conditions
after the Spring 1997 planting will be reported in another report after the Spring planting.
All final contouring for the lakes should also be completed by submission of the next report.
• The site is a functioning aquatic ecosystem with deep, open water habitat surrounded by
shallow -water marshes and hardwood wetland. The site is serving to catch runoff from
surrounding development and numerous aquatic wildlife have been observed from the site.
25

Table 13. Summary of planned and estimated vegetation characteristics of the mitigation sites at the
Horseshoe Lake complex.
a A detailed survey of the Horseshoe lake complex in 1997 will result in more accurate acreage
estimates.
b Actual number of herbaceous species planted was 16, but two species were clumped with another
similar species for simplicity of monitoring and reporting. The two Bacopa species were recorded and
evaluated as one category,. and the two Iris species were also considered under one category.
Based on 80 percent survival.
d Nine species were actually planted but the two cypress species were considered as "one" species
for monitoring purposes.
We
Planned
Estimated in
September 96
Net
gain /loss
Preservation parcels along lakeshore (acres)
0.77
0.49
-0.28
Planted herbaceous shelves (acres)a
4.77
3.29
-1.48
Successful herbaceous coverage ( >_ 80 %) (acres)
4.57
0.18
-4.39
Successful woody coverage (> 320 trees /acre) (acres)'
3.8
3.8
0.0
Planted herbaceous species survival (number of species)
14b
7c
-7
Planted woody species survival (number of species)
8d
4c
-4
a A detailed survey of the Horseshoe lake complex in 1997 will result in more accurate acreage
estimates.
b Actual number of herbaceous species planted was 16, but two species were clumped with another
similar species for simplicity of monitoring and reporting. The two Bacopa species were recorded and
evaluated as one category,. and the two Iris species were also considered under one category.
Based on 80 percent survival.
d Nine species were actually planted but the two cypress species were considered as "one" species
for monitoring purposes.
We

APPENDIX A
PUBLIC NOTICE AND DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT FOR THE
PROJECT AND SELECTED U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
CORRESPONDENCES

GP /150.06,
EC-
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers AAR Y 195,
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402 -1890 CZNORCafporatedi
WIMinglan N(-,
Action ID No. 199500221 April 13, 1995
PUBLIC NOTICE
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES, POST OFFICE BOX 5368, WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA,
28405, has applied for a Department of the Army (DA) permit TO PLACE FILL
MATERIAL IN AND EXCAVATE WETLANDS ADJACENT TO HORSESHOE LAKE, NEXT TO THE
ATLANTIC INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY (AIWW), OFF ARBORETUM DRIVE, IN THE LANDFALL
DEVELOPMENT, IN WILMINGTON, New Hanover County, North Carolina.
The following description of the work is taken from data provided by the
applicant and from observations made during a site visit by a representative
of the Corps of Engineers. Plans submitted with the application show that the
original Horseshoe Lake was created by impounding a natural drain, and
possibly some excavation, in the 1920s. Horseshoe Lake is shaped like a
horseshoe with both ends facing roughly southeast. A watershed of
approximately 260 acres drains into the lake. A high ground berm or dam
separates the lake from tidal marsh adjacent to the AIWW. A culvert in the
southernmost "leg" of the lake connects it with the marsh. Due to the
presence of cattails within the lake, it is presumed that the lake is at a
high enough elevation that regular salt water intrusion does not occur. There
is natural high ground in the middle of the horseshoe.
Since 1984, a water body (called the Upper Lake) has been created above
(upstream of) Horseshoe Lake as a result of various excavation and borrow
activities. The excavated material was primarily sand and was used for
residential development. The sand was removed to a clay layer which presently
ponds water, thus the creation of the Upper Lake. The excavation was
conducted in such a manner so as to facilitate the construction of an
anticipated marina at this site.
Soils were noted at the time of acquisition and the hydric soils
identified at that time were mapped. A delineation of the wetlands subject to
Corps of Engineers' regulatory jurisdiction was verified by a Corps'
representative in 1989. The wetlands were redelineated by the applicant and
approved by a Corps' representative in 1994. These three lines have been
placed on a map for comparison and reference purposes. As stated earlier,
past disturbances have removed the natural soil in the project area. These
soils were mapped as Torhunta loamy fine sand and Lakeland sand. Currently,
in many areas a very poorly drained clay is at or near the surface, resulting
in impounded water and saturated soil conditions. Most of the hydrology
occurs due to impounded rain and runoff. The wetland types are patchy and
scattered as a result of the amount of material originally excavated.
A large percentage of the wetlands present within the project area are in
a disturbed state. These wetlands are primarily vegetated with emergent
species including rushes (Juncus spp) , beakrushes (Rhynchospora spp) , sedges
(Carex spp and Cyperus spp) , and woody vegetation including red maple (Acer
rubrum), willow (Salix nigra) , loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), sweetgum
(Licruidambar styraciflua) , and eastern false willow (Baccharis halimifolia)
There are also areas of open water. While some of these areas are
unvegetated, some contain submerged beds vegetated primarily by hornwort
(Cenatophyllum demersum) and pondweeds (Potamogeton spp) . In addition to
these types of wetland systems, there are also relatively natural, undisturbed
wetlands. These areas are vegetated with species including red maple,
A -1

sweetgum, red bay (Persea borbonia), water oak (Ouercus nigra), laurel oak
(Ouercus laurifolia), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), southern wax
myrtle (MVrica cerifera), fetter bush (LVOnia lucida) , netted chain fern
(Woodwardia aerolata), and greenbriers (Smilax spp) .
The applicant acquired the property in 1984. From 1984 to the present
the lake has served as a catch basin for eroded material. The erosion has
occurred as a result of the removal of natural vegetation and subsequent
development within the lake's watershed, primarily associated with the
development of the Landfall and Pembroke Jones Park subdivisions. Eroded
material has accumulated in the lake and along its shoreline to the point that
in some places it has created shallows, vegetated primarily with cattails
(Tvpha sp). one part of the proposed project will involve the removal of all
sediment necessary to restore the lake to those dimensions present at the time
of the property's acquisition, based on a 1984 aerial photograph. 1.16 acres
of cattail marsh and 3.00 acres of open water will be excavated to a depth of
7 -8 feet. Around this deep water, a wetland fringe will be enhanced or
created and will be bounded by forested wetlands. Excavated material will be
used as either fill material for another part of the proposed project or as
high ground fill for residential development.
After the Horseshoe Lake excavation is completed, the applicant proposes
to construct a bridge across the southernmost leg of Horseshoe Lake to access
the high ground in the middle of the horseshoe for development purposes.
Impacts to jurisdictional wetlands will occur as a result of the pouring of
concrete pilings into sealed forms. These impacts are anticipated to be
minor.
The applicant also proposes constructing a dam /road between the Upper
Lake area and Horseshoe Lake to serve as a water control structure. This dam
will create the 13.6 acre Upper Lake and will result in the inundation or
filling of 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands (created post -1984) and 2.29 acres
of natural wetlands. The wetlands to be impacted by this aspect of the
project are of a disturbed nature.
Finally, the applicant proposes to construct a road for development
purposes through relatively undisturbed natural wetlands. This construction
will impact approximately 0.05 acre of wetlands located on a finger off of the
northern side of the Upper Lake.
With the construction of the Upper Lake, the applicant has proposed
replacing and enhancing the wetland functions which will either be adversely
impacted by the project or are presently of low quality. This replacement and
enhancement is both a goal of the project and a mitigation proposal.
The Upper Lake dam will maintain the lake's normal pool level at
elevation 4.50 mean sea level (MSL) by 5 inverted PVC siphons located in the
face of an outlet structure on the north face of the dam. The outlet
structure will be connected to Horseshoe Lake by a 30 inch culvert through the
dam. In addition, an emergency spillway will be constructed in native soil
(not in the dam itself) to minimize erosion and possibilities of breaching.
This spillway will be at elevation 8.5 MSL, slightly above the 50 year storm
elevation. The top of the dam is to be at 10.0 MSL.
The Upper Lake will be contoured so that gradually sloping shelves or
terraces are created along the edges and open water in the middle of the lake.
The shelves will be planted with both woody and herbaceous species of
hydrophytic vegetation. This will provide for deep water and a higher
quality, continuous wetland littoral fringe bounded by forested wetlands.
2
A -2

The applicant's mitigation proposal includes success criteria and a
monitoring plan. The plan states that the hydrology will be saturated for
sufficient duration, considering normal climatic conditions, necessary for a
wetland jurisdictional determination using the "Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual" (Technical Report Y -87 -1, January 1987). The soils will
be suitable to support target plant species. With regards to hydrophytic
vegetation, for areas to be dominated by woody species, a minimum density of
'20 trees per acre will survive for at least three years. Replanting will be
done if survival falls below this limit. For areas to be dominated by
herbaceous species, a relative coverage of 60 percent of wetlands species
should be achieved at the end of the first growing season and 80 percent for
the next two consecutive years. If survival rates fall below these limits,
replanting will be done to accomplish an 80 percent survival rate. The
survival of planted herbaceous species will be based on a qualitative
assessment of relative coverage. The results of each of the three years of
the monitoring period will be reported in an end of the year report. The
first year -end report will include an "as- built" report.
The purpose of the work is to create an aesthetically pleasing lake area
for future development, as well as to enhance wetland functions within an
existing impacted wetland. Plans showing the work are included with this
public notice.
The applicant has determined that the proposed work is consistent with
the North Carolina Coastal Zone Management Plan and has submitted this
determination to.the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (NCDCM) for
their review and concurrence. This proposal shall be reviewed for the
applicability of other actions by North Carolina agencies such as:
a. The issuance of a Water Quality Certification under Section 401 of
the Clean Water Act by the North Carolina Division of Environmental Management
( NCDEM).
b. The issuance of a permit to dredge and /or fill under North Carolina
General Statute 113 -229 by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
(NCDCM).
C. The issuance of a permit under the North Carolina Coastal Area
Management Act (LAMA) by the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
(NCDCM) or their delegates.
d. The issuance of an easement to fill or otherwise occupy State -owned
submerged land under North Carolina General Statute 143 - 341(4), 146 -6, 146 -11,
and 146 -12 by the North Carolina Department of Administration (NCDA) and the
North Carolina Council of State.
e. The approval of an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan by the Land
Quality Section, North Carolina Division of Land Resources (NCDLR) , pursuant
to the State Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973 (NC G.S. 113 A -50-
66) .
The requested Department of the Army (DA) permit will be denied if any
required State or local authorization and /or certification is denied. No DA
permit will be issued until a State coordinated viewpoint is received and
reviewed by this agency. Recipients of this notice are encouraged to furnish
comments on factors of concern represented by the above agencies directly to
the respective agency, with a copy furnished to the Corps of Engineers.
This application is being considered pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean
A -3

Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). Any person may request, in writing within the
comment period specified in the notice, that a public hearing be held to
consider this application. Requests for public hearing shall state, with
particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing.
The District Engineer has consulted the latest published version of the
National Register of Historic Places for the presence or absence of registered
properties, or properties listed as being eligible for inclusion therein, and
this site is not registered property or property listed as being eligible for
inclusion in the Register. Consultation of the National Register constitutes
the extent of cultural resource investigations by the District Engineer, and
he is otherwise unaware of the presence of such resources. Presently, unknown
archeological, scientific, prehistorical, or historical data may be lost or
destroyed by work under the requested permit.
The District Engineer, based on available information, is not aware that
the proposed activity will affect species, or their critical habitat,
designated as endangered or threatened pursuant to the Endangered Species Act
of 1973.
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of
the probable impacts, including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity
and its intended use on the public interest. Evaluation of the probable
impacts which the proposed activity may have on the public interest requires a
careful weighing of all those factors which become relevant in each particular
case. The benefits which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the
proposal must be balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. The
decision whether to authorize a proposal, and if so the conditions under which
it will be allowed to occur, are therefore determined by the outcome of the
general balancing process. That decision should reflect the national concern
for both protection and utilization of important resources. All factors which
may be relevant to the proposal must be considered including the cumulative
effects thereof. Among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general
environmental concerns, wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife values,
flood hazards and flood plain values (in accordance with Executive Order
11988), land use, navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water
supply and conservation, water quality, energy needs, safety, food and fiber
production, mineral needs, considerations of property ownership, and, in
general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving the
placement of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, a
permit will be denied if the discharge that would be authorized by such permit
would not comply with the Environmental Protection Agencies' 404(b)(1)
guidelines. Subject to the preceding sentence and any other applicable
guidelines or criteria, a permit will be granted unless the District Engineer
determines that it would be contrary to the public interest.
The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments from the public; Federal,
State and local agencies and officials; Indian Tribes and other interested
parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of this proposed
activity. Any comments received will be considered by the Corps of Engineers
to determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for this
proposal. To make this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on
endangered species, historic properties, water quality, general environmental
effects and the other public interest factors listed above. Comments are used
in the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) and /or an Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) . Comments are also used to determine the need for a public hearing and
to determine the overall public interest of the proposed activity.
A -4

Generally, the decision whether to issue this Department of the Army (DA)
permit will not be made until the North Carolina Division of Environmental
Management (NCDEM) issues, denies, or waives State certification required by
Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. The NCDEM considers whether or not the
proposed activity will comply with Sections 301, 302, 306, and 307 of the
Clean Water Act. The application and this public notice for the Department of
the Army (DA) permit serves as application to the NCDEM for certification.
Additional information. regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be
reviewed at the offices of the Environmental Operations Section, NCDEM,
Salisbury Street, Archdale Building, Raleigh, North Carolina. Copies of such
materials will be furnished to any person requesting copies upon payment of
reproduction costs.
NCDEM plans to take final action in the issuance of the Clean Water Act
certification on or after May 30, 1995.
All persons desiring to make comments regarding the application for Clean
Water Act certification should do so in writing delivered to NCDEM, Post
Office Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -7687, on or before
May 5, 1995, Attention: Mr. John Dorney.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will
be received in this office, Attention: Mr. Jeff Richter, until 4:15 p.m.,
May 12, 1995, or telephone
(910) 251 -4636.
A -5

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FIGURE 1 Landfall Location Map
A -6

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A -10

REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
Regulatory Branch
Action ID No. 199500221
DEPARTMENT OF.THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890....
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402 -1890
October 18, 1995
Landfall Associates
ATTN: Mr. Keith Cooper
Post Office Box 5368
Hanover Center Station
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
Dear Sir:
In accordance with the written request of February 1, 1995, and the
ensuing administrative record, enclosed is a permit to excavate 1.16 acres of
cattail marsh and 3.00 acres of open water in the existing Horseshoe Lake,
inundate and fill 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands and 2.29 acres of natural
wetlands for the creation of the Upper Lake, and fill 0.05 acre of natural
wetlands for the construction of a road. The total amount of impacted
wetlands will be 7.78 acres. The proposed work is located adjacent to the
Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, off Arboretum Drive in the Horseshoe Lake area
of Landfall, in Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina.
If any change in the authorized work is required because of unforeseen
or altered conditions or for any other reason, the plans revised to show the
change must be sent promptly to this office. Such action is necessary, as
revised plans must be reviewed and the permit modified.
Carefully read your permit. The general and special conditions are
important. Your failure to comply with these conditions could result in a
violation of Federal law. Certain significant general conditions require
that:
a. You must complete construction before December 31, 2000.
b. You must notify this office in advance as to when you intend to
commence and complete work.
C. You must allow representatives from this office to make periodic
visits to your worksite as deemed necessary to assure compliance with permit
plans and conditions.
The enclosed Notice of Authorization, ENG Form 4336, must be
conspicuously displayed at your worksite.
Sincerely,
j'
James H. Bradley
Chief, Construction- Operations
Enclosures
Printed on ® Recycled Paper
A -11

Copy Furnished with enclosures:
Director, Atlantic Marine Center
National Ocean Service
ATTN: MOA 232X1
439 West York Street
Norfolk, Virginia 23510
Copies Furnished with special conditions and plans:
Ms. L. K. (Mike) Gantt
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Fish and wildlife Enhancement
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636 -3726
Mr. Larry Hardy
National Marine Fisheries service
Pivers Island
Beaufort, North Carolina 28516
Mr. Thomas Welborn, Chief
Wetlands Regulatory Section - Region IV
Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Mr. John Parker
Division of Coastal Management
North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health and
Natural Resources
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -7687
2
A -12

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Permittee
199500221
Permit No.
CESAW -CO -R
Issuing Office
NOTE: The term "you" and its derivatives, as used in this permit, means the permittee or any future transferee. The term
"this office" refers to the appropriate district or division office of -the Corps of Engineers having jurisdiction over the permitted
activity or the appropriate official of that office acting under the authority of the commanding officer.
You are authorized to perform work in accordance with the terms and conditions specified below.
Project Description:
To excavate 1.16 acres of cattail marsh and 3.00 acres of open water in the existing Horseshoe Lake,
inundate and fill 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands and 2.29 acres of natural wetlands for the creation
of the Upper Lake, and fill 0.05 acre of natural wetlands for the construction of a road.
Project Location:
Adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, off Arboretum Drive in the Horseshoe Lake area of
Landfall, in Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina.
Permit Conditions:
General Conditions:
1. The time limit for completing the work authorized ends on December 31. 1998 . If you find that you need
more time to complete the authorized activity, submit your request for a time extension to this office for consideration at least
one month before the above date is reached.
2. You must maintain the activity authorized by this permit in good condition and in conformance with the terms and condi-
tions of this permit. You are not relieved of this requirement if you abandon the permitted activity, although you may make
a good faith transfer to a third party in compliance with General Condition 4 below. Should you wish to cease to maintain
the authorized activity or should you desire to abandon it without a good faith transfer, you must obtain a modification of
this permit from this office, which may require restoration of the area.
3. If you discover any previously unknown historic or archeological remains while accomplishing the activity authorized by
this permit, you must immediately notify this office of what you have found. We will initiate the Federal and state coordina-
tion required to determine if the remains warrant a recovery effort or if the site is eligible for listing in the National Register
of Historic Places.
ENG FORM 1721, Nov 86 EDITION OF SEP 82 IS OBSOLETE.
(33 CPR 325 (Appendix A))
A -13

4. If you sell the property associated with this permit, you must obtain the signature of the new owner in the space provided
and forward a copy of the permit to this office to validate the transfer of this authorization.
5. If a conditioned water quality certification has been issued for your project, you must comply with the conditions specified
in the certification as special conditions to this permit. For your convenience, a copy of the certification is attached if it con-
tains such conditions.
6. You must allow representatives from this office to inspect the authorized activity at any time deemed necessary to ensure
that it is being or has been accomplished in accordance with the terms and conditions of your permit.
Special Conditions:
See enclosed sheet.
Further Information:
1. Congressional Authorities: You have been authorized to undertake the activity described above pursuant to:
( ) Section.10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 403).
( Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
( ) Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1413).
2. Limits of this authorization.
a. This permit does not obviate the need to obtain other Federal, state, or local authorizations required by law.
b. This permit does not grant any property rights or exclusive privileges.
c. This permit does not authorize any injury to the property or rights of others.
d. This permit does not authorize interference with any existing or proposed Federal project.
3. Limits of Federal Liability. In issuing this permit, the Federal Government does not assume any liability for the following:
a. Damages to the permitted project or uses thereof as a result of other permitted or unpermitted activities or from natural
causes.
b. Damages to the permitted project or uses thereof as a result of current or future activities undertaken by or on behalf
of the United States in the public interest.
c. Damages to persons, property, or to other permitted or unpermitted activities or structures caused by the activity
authorized by this permit.
d. Design or construction deficiencies associated with the permitted work.
I. A -14

e. Damage claims associated with any future modification, suspension, or revocation of this permit.
4. Reliance on Applicant's Data: The determination of this office that issuance of this permit is not contrary to the public
interest was made in reliance on the information you provided.
5. Reevaluation of Permit Decision. This office may reevaluate its decision on this permit at any time the circumstances
warrant. Circumstances that could require a reevaluation include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. You fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this permit.
b. The information provided by you in support of your permit application proves to have been false, incomplete, or
inaccurate (See 4 above).
c. Significant new information surfaces which this office did not consider in reaching the original public interest decision.
Such a reevaluation may result in a determination that it is appropriate to use the suspension, modification, and revocation
procedures contained in 33 CFR 325.7 or enforcement procedures such as those contained in 33 CFR 326.4 and 326.5. The
referenced enforcement procedures provide for the issuance of an administrative order requiring you to comply with the terms
and conditions of your permit and for the initiation of legal action where appropriate. You will be required to pay for any
corrective measures ordered by this office, and if you fail to comply with such directive, this office may in certain situations
(such as those specified in 33 CFR 209.170) accomplish the corrective measures by contract or otherwise and bill you for the
cost.
6. Extensions. General condition 1 establishes a time limit for the completion of the activity authorized by this permit. Unless
there are circumstances requiring either a prompt completion of the authorized activity or a reevaluation of the public interest
decision, the Coxps will normally give favorable consideration to a request for an extension of this time limit.
Your signature below, as permittee, indicates that you accept and agree to comply with the terms and conditions of this permit.
(PER T S. Keith Coo , Authorized Agent
L ANDFALL ASSOCIATES
October 11, 1995
(DATE)
This permit becomes effective when the Federal official, designated to act for the Secretary of the Army, has signed below.
7 (DI T_BXT ENGINEER)
ROBERT J. SPERBERG, COLONEL, EN
i
V
/ 6) A,��—
{/ (DATE)
When the structures or work authorized by this permit are still in existence at the time the property is transferred, the terms and
conditions of this permit will continue to be binding on the new owner(s) of the property. To validate the transfer of this permit
and the associated liabilities associated with compliance with its terms and conditions, have the transferee sign and date below.
(TRANSFEREE) (DATE)
A -15
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1086 - 717.425

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1. All work will be performed in accordance with the enclosed plans.
Should the project involve a change of plans for work in wetlands other than
that detailed in the enclosed plans, a modification to the plans will be
submitted to the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the review
agencies for approval and possible authorization.
2. The work will be conducted in such a manner as to prevent significant
increases in turbidity outside the area of construction or construction
related discharge (50 NTUs in streams and 25 NTUs in all saltwater classes and
all lakes and reservoirs will not be considered significant).
3. The North Carolina Division of Environmental Management ( NCDEM) shall
be copied with all as -built and mitigation plans.
4. Mitigation to offset impacts of the work will be implemented in
accordance with the attached mitigation plan, with the exceptions listed below
in Conditions 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The mitigation will result in the creation
of 3.24 acres of wetlands from existing uplands, the restoration of 0.56 acre
of prior converted wetlands, the enhancement of 4.64 acres of existing
wetlands, the creation of 4.73 acres of open -water habitat from existing
wetlands and uplands, and the preservation of 12.32 acres of existing wetlands
and open -water habitat.
5. Within the wetland mitigation areas, the physical and chemical
properties of the soils will be suitable to support target plant species.
Hydrol6gy will be maintained such that the soils are either saturated within
12 inches of the surface, or ponded or flooded, for at least 12.5 percent of
the growing season under reasonably average climatic conditions. The
geomorphology of the area will be suitable to meet hydrology requirements with
regards to contours, elevation, and drainage /connections with surface waters.
6. .Wetland vegetative species to be planted are listed on Plat 3 of the
enclosed plans. The numbers of each species to be planted and the planting
plan are also listed. Changes in planted species and locations of planted
vegetation may be altered in accordance with agreements with adjacent property
owners and as dictated by onsite field conditions. However, finalization of
the types, numbers, and locations of each species will be shown on a map and
forwarded to the USACE and NCDEM for approval prior to the initiation of
planting.
7. Survival rates of each species will be at least 80 percent of the
number planted. Survival rate monitoring will be conducted for three years
from the initial planting, and will occur at the beginning and the end of each
growing season. If a survival rate of less than 80 percent occurs, the
species will be replanted in accordance with the original planting plan, and a
new three year monitoring period will begin.
8. Should any of the proposed parameters fail, the permittee will meet
with the USACE and NCDEM to approve a revised plan, and the applicant shall'
take any remedial action specified by the USACE to meet the requirements of
the mitigation plan, as amended by conditions 6, 7, and 8.
9. At the end of a successful three year monitoring period, coordination
will be conducted with the USACE and NCDEM to ensure that the mitigation area
remains a functional wetland in perpetuity, of similar or higher quality than
the initial design.
A -16

10. The permittee shall maintain the 12.32 acres of wetlands and open water
areas shown on "Plat 4 Horseshoe Lake Complex Mitigation Detail" as
"Preservation" in its current condition as modified by work authorized by this
permit and mitigation plan. Within 30 days of final issuance of this permit,
permittee shall grant a conservation easement acceptable to the Corps of
Engineers, covering the 12.32 preservation acres, to the Northeast New Hanover
Conservancy, or to another conservation group or governmental agency approved
by the Corps.
11. Any excavated material will be properly disposed of in either a
suitable high ground location or as specifically authorized by a Department of
the Army permit.
12. All conditions of the NCDEM water quality certification, and all
conditions of the NCDCM consistency determination are conditions of this
permit.
A -17

March 17, 1995
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
Regulatory Branch
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
RE: Individual 404 Permit
Horseshoe Lake Complex
Landfall
Dear Mr. Richter:
0
PATON / ZUCCMNO
.\ :1 SO('11TES. R.k.
f'.v�i: t Ilr�� ��� ■79
Attached for your review is the mitigation monitoring plan you requested at our last
meeting. Let me know if you find this document to be complete.
I have not been able to reach you directly by phone over the past two weeks. However,
based on the discussions in our last meeting, we assume that the public notice for the
permit has been issued. Please forward to me a copy of the notice for my files.
Please continue to feel free to contact me regarding any aspect of the permit request
submittal package.
Very truly yours.
Lo� �Uz&"
Lawrence R. Zucchino, ASL.A
Paton/Zucchino & Associates. P.A.
Attachment
LRZ /cac
Land Planning
Lanriscapr- :1; ci�itecturr
t',)-,prr jr {uarr-
li Glen w,nrl :l e.
RA-1 -- i.N.C.27603
A -18 919-834-2,620
.-
� 1

A%
APPENDIX E
SUPPORTING SUMMARY INFORMATION FOR WETLAND MITIGATION
ASSOCIATED WITH THE
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX AT LANDFALL, NC
SUCCESS CRITERIA AND MONITORING PLAN
L SUCCESS CRITERIA
Mitigation success criteria have been based on characteristic components of wetlands that are necessary
for a Section 404 jurisdictional determination. Criteria used to determine mitigation success for proposed
forested areas (see Plat 6, Upper Horseshoe Lake Mitigation Plan) are based primarily on "Compensatory
Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines" provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE Wilmingtcn
District, 12/8/93).
Hvdroloev. The mitigation areas should be saturated for sufficient duration, used normal climatic
conditions, necessary for a wetland jurisdictional determination using the "Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual" (Technical Report Y -87 -1, January 1987).
Soils. Soils of the mitigation site should be suitable to support target plant species.
Vegetation. For mitigation areas proposed to be dominated by woody species, a minimum density of 320
trees per acre shall survive for at least three years. Should survivorship of planted species fall below 320
trees per acre, then replanting will be done as necessary. For mitigation areas proposed to be dominated
by herbaceous species, a relative coverage of 60 percent of wetland species should be achieved at the end
of the first growing season, and 80 percent of wetland species for the next two consecutive years. Should
survivorship of wetland species fall below 60 percent at the end of year one or 80 percent at the end of
years two or three, replanting will be done as necessary to accomplish an 80 percent survivorship rat,,.
The survivorship of planted herbaceous species shall be based on a qualitative assessment of relative
coverage.
IL MONITORING PLAN
A three -year monitoring plan is proposed and summarized below
Year 1. Collection of baseline data, establish sampling procedures (stations and transects), and prepare an
"as- built" report. First year monitoring will focus on hydrology and transplanted wetland vegetation
survival and coverage/growth. Results of sampling and first year monitoring will be reported in an end -
of -year report.
Year 2. The second -year monitoring will focus on survival and coverage/growth of transplanted wetland
vegetation and hydrology (if necessary) of the area. Results of the monitoring will be reported in an end -
of -year report.
Year 3. The third -year monitoring will focus on survival and coverage/growth of transplanted wetland
vegetation and hydrology (if necessary) of the area. Results of the monitoring will be reported in an end -
of -year report will address not only the third growing season, but will summarize the entire monitoring
study.
A -19 Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
March 15, 1995

The following parameters will be assess in annual reports:
APPENDIX E
Hvdroloev. Hydrologic activity in the mitigation areas will be characterized by monitoring shallow
monitoring wells, water level gages, and semi -continuous water level •recording devices (probably a WL-
40). Well installation will be patterned after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' "Installing Monitoring
Wells/Piezometers in gages will be surveyed for location and elevation above sea level. The number and
location of monitoring wells will be designed to characterize the hydrologic activity for all communities
within the mitigation areas. Hydrology sampling will continue throughout the growing season at intervals
necessary to satisfy the hydrology success criteria. Sampling of the hydrology will occur until adequate
hydrological conditions are met within the 3 -year monitoring period.
Vegetation. Vegetation will be monitored along established transects through representative communities
of the mitigation area. Transects will be placed in the vicinity of monitoring wells were possible.
Transplanted wetland vegetation will be sampled at the end of the growing season for each of the three
monitoring yeas. Tree seedlings nAll hr mnn tnrPr1 mind cIntrc of cuff; 'ent SL7, thst.will be L*
accordance with ACOE guidelines. Herbaceous vegetation coverage will be monitored with 1.0 meter
square quadrates along the transects. Monitored tree seedlings will be tagged, identified, and measured to
determine growth and percent survival.
Photographs taken at established fixed points during vegetation sampling will provide visual
documentation of the mitigation area. Additional photographs may be taken to show particular on -site
features or changes. The photographs will be incorporated into the annual reports.
A -20 Horseshoe Lake Complex at Landfall
March 15, 1995

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JAN 04 '9G. 10:
January 3, 1996
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of
Wilmington District
Regulatory Branch
P. 0. Box 1890
r
494 P01
Post -It" brand fax transmittal memo 7671
#otpages ►
To
From
Co.
o.
Dept.
Phone
Fax k
Fax #
152-4
7,� fay
Engineers
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
Re: Action ID No. 199500221
Horseshoe Lake Complex
Landfall
Dear Mr. Richter:
Thank you for attending the preconstruction meeting on December
14, 1995 for the referenced project. It was beneficial for us
to discuss with you the various conditions of the permit.
Based on those discussions, we have a better understanding of
the expectations, procedures and parameters by which the Corps
will measure the project success.
Following is a brief summary of the topics covered:
.Hydrology: Hydrology success will occur if the wetland
area soils are either saturated within 12 inches of the
surface, or ponded or flooded, for at least 12.5 percent of
the growing season. Hydrology was recognized as the most
critical factor of the project and one that could vary from
the plan due to inexactness., of finish grading. Thus, we
discussed that flexibility in planting materials will be
allowed provided 1) the acreages of woody and herbaceous
materials are maintained at permit levels, and 2) such
alterations in location of planting materials are provided
to the Corps of Engineers for approval as specified in the
permit.
Hydrology and Ve5etation Monitoring: CZR Incorporated
(CZR) is developing a monitoring plan for review and
approval by the Corps of Engineers. The plan will include
the number and proposed location of shallow monitoring
wells, staff gauges, and continuous monitoring devices;
hydrology monitoring schedule; the number and. location of
vegetation transects; and other vital criteria. The
monitoring period will be for three years as specified by
the permit.
"As Built" Report: we suggested that the Corps of
Engineers be kept up -to -date via phone on any changes in
planting materials and Landfall will supply an "As Built"
A -22

JAhd 04 '96, 10: 494 P02
Mr. Jeff Richter
January 3, 1996
Page Two
report approximately 30 days after completion of planting
of all areas. The current projected schedule is to begin
planting in mid -April 1996 with completion of basic Upper
and Lower Lake areas projected for around the end of July
1996. The "As Built" report would be submitted to the
Corps of Engineers around the end of August 1996.
Vegetation Success Criteria: The Special Conditions (item
7) of the 404 Permit call for 80 percent survival rates of
planted species, presumably of both woody and herbaceous
species. CZR raised questions relative to possibly using
1) 80 percent coverage by wetland species of herbaceous
320 al c anri ) tho corpor kard�ar.�6d yu.i.Ic].111,i a uzlueria or
320 trees per acre for tree - planted areas. Additionally,
CZR noted that Landfall was planning to plant larger tree
specimens than normally required and may add additional
bare -root seedlings in order to meet or exceed the Corps,
Hardwood Guidelines.
- Finish Grading in Enhancement Areas: It was noted that
finish grading in the wetlands creation and enhancement
areas was a critical element to insure success of projects.
Mr. Richter suggested that he be contacted for assistance
should problems or difficulties arise in this phase of-the
project. We are considering grading changes within the
enhancement areas at this time and will contact you shortly
to review our ideas with you before proceeding.
The above is intended to be a general summary of the items
discussed and any input or revisions you may have are welcomed.
As additional information. (primarily the proposed monitoring
plan) becomes available, we will forward the information to you
for your review and comments.
One additional item which has surfaced as a result of further
examination of existing field conditions involves the normal
water level of the Lipper Lake. The permit application and the
404 Permit state normal pool elevation to be 4.5 feet M.S.L.
However, we believe that raising the normal pool elevation by
six inches to 5.0 feet M.S.L will improve hydrology, thereby
enhancing the overall success of the project. Provided the
Corps of Engineers does not object, construction will proceed
so as to create a normal pool elevation of 5.0 feet M.S.L.
Please feel free to contact us to arrange a tour of the job
site at your convenience.
Sincerely,
eith Coop r
Director of Land Development
CC: Bruce Bolick, CZR Incorporated
Larry Zucchino, Paton Zucchino & Associates
Wayne Polston, Landfall Associates
A -23

PATON / ZUCCHINO
January 30, 1996
Mr. Jeff Richter
Department of the Army
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
Re: Upper Lake Mitigation Plan • Modification Request
Landfall, New Hanover County, NC
Dear Jeff:
In response to our recent field review of the mitigation site with you, representatives of
Landfall and CZR, we have prepared a summary document outlining the areas of
modifications discussed. The requested modifications to the mitigation plan are
summarized as follows:
During the permit, review adjacent residential lot owners brought forth a concern
regarding their visibility of the proposed Upper Lake. To resolve this issue, we have
recommended to Landfall that selected tree planting zones (approximately two acres)
approved on the permitted mitigation plan be reassigned to a compatible transfer site
located immediately south of the proposed dam and west of Horseshoe Lake (see
attached plat). Tree count totals, coverage, planting density and species type will
remain the same. Accordingly, the herbaceous plantings currently assigned to the
transfer site (approximately 2 acres) will be reassigned to the Upper Lake planting
zones currently dedicated to tree plantings.
2. A number of the targeted tree planting zones are mitigation enhancement areas which
will require slight grading modifications to allow planting of emergent aquatic species.
To insure planting viability, the plantings will require shallow flooding along the Upper
Lake perimeter. Therefore, our recommendation to Landfall is to fine grade the
planting substrate in the enhancement zones to depths of six to eighteen inches to
accommodate habitat depths required by the various herbaceous species.
._nrti t'1atLn.ng
I,andsear, , i ?iteT"M"
Cooper Spare
17 Glenwood Ave.
91Q- 334 -8'ti20
—91' ?_828 -oha
A -24

Jeff Richter
January 30, 1996
Page Two
In summary, we are requesting minor modifications to the original mitigation plan: (1) to
allow reassignment of trees and herbaceous materials, and (2) allow the fine grading of
shoreline enhancement areas of the Upper Lake to accommodate herbaceous species
plantings. The areas for these proposed modifications are outlined on the attached plat.
We believe these changes will resolve the view problem for the adjacent residents and
result in a more successful mitigation planting. Since you have reviewed the sites in the
field, we are requesting by this correspondence an administrative approval for the
modifications outlined above.
The contractor is on -site and ready to begin work. We would appreciate a quick response
to this request. Please feel free to contact me or Keith Cooper at Landfall if you require
any further clarification. We remain available to meet with you at your convenience to
discuss this request.
Very Truly Yours,
Lit "� 6t-Q�LL_�
Lawrence 1. Zucchino, ASLA
Paton/Zucchino & Associates, P.A.
attachment
cc: Mr. Keith Cooper, Landfall Associates
Mr. George House, BPMEL
Mr. Sam Cooper, CZR
cAwinword \larry\landfl.doc
A -25

bcc: John Yelverton
3FP 4a,
/lL l did .x:.
September 23, 1996
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
Regulatory Branch
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
Re: Individual 404 Permit # 199500221
Horseshoe Lake Complex
Dear Mr. Richter:
Thank you and Mike Taylor for meeting with Sam Cooper of
CZR,- ..Inc. and me on September 17, 1996 to assess the damage
to Upper Horseshoe Lake as a result of Hurricane Fran and
the heavy rains that followed during the next week. As we
discussed, Sam Cooper suggested that submittal of "as- built"
and first year monitoring reports be delayed until all
damaged areas are repaired and replanting is performed as
required. Projected dates of these reports are June 1997
and October 1997, respectively.
Per your recommendations, CZR Inc. will submit a Summary
Report highlighting the work performed to date, identifying
measures necessary to repair damages resulting from
Hurricane Fran and giving anticipated completion dates for
re- planting wetlands vegetation.
Thank you again for your site visit and assistance. If you
have any questions, please call.
Sincerely,
Wayne Polston
Assistant Project Manager
WP:sc
CC: Keith Cooper
Sam Cooper
A -26
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES • P.O. BOX 53x8, HANOVER CENTER STATION • 1kIL`AINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28403 • 919 - 256 -6111

APPENDIX B
MONITORING PLAN AND ACCEPTANCE LETTER

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
Regulatory Branch
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
4/09 COO I C;I AC:RE '� DRIVE
`;UITE 2
WILMINGTON. NOR II I INA 28403
23 April 1996
I I I 9 I (11 392 9253
IAx 910/392 9139
Re: Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan associated with the Horseshoe Lake Wetland
Complex at Landfall (Action ID No. 19950022 1) for 1996 through 1998.
Dear Mr. Richter:
The attached monitoring plan will look very familiar to you, as we submitted a nearly identical
package to you on 22 January 1996. Further refinement of the grading and planting plan has resulted in
only minor changes to the proposed monitoring plan. The minor revisions reflect the locations of shallow
monitoring wells (Section I. A. 2. b.) and number of sampling plots for herbaceous species (Section I. A.
2. c.), as indicated on the attached edited copy. There will be a monitoring well for approximately every
0.42 acre of mitigation, excluding preservation areas. The monitoring plan is based primarily on the
monitoring of 8.44 acres of wetland mitigation (via enhancement, creation, and restoration techniques).
We are requesting the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' review and concurrence of the proposed
monitoring plan. Please review the proposed monitoring plan and contact us with your concurrence, or any
questions or suggested revisions. Planting of the site is to begin during the week of 6 -10 May 1996.
Since we are planning to install monitoring wells and establish the sampling transects during the same
period, we would appreciate your comments prior to our work. Thank you for your assistance with this
interesting project.
Sincerely,
CZR INCORPORATED
Samuel Cooper
Project Manager
Enclosure: "Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan and Services Associated with the Horseshoe
Lake Wetland Complex for 1996 through 1998." revised April 1996
CP# 1 150.06
cc: Bruce Bolick - CZR Incorporated
Wayne Polston - Landfall Associates
Larry Zuchinno - Paton / Zuchinno & Associates, P.A.
B -1
140 INTRACOASTAL POINTE DRIVE • SUITE 301 4494 SOUTHSIE E EBOULLVARD • SUITE 200
JUPITER. FLORIDA 33477 -5064 JACK.SC�; 1VILLE, FLORIDA 32216
TEL [phone] • FAX [phone] TEL 904/642 ?507 • FAx [phone]
Z
R
�.: 'C' �
INCORPORATED
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
Regulatory Branch
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402 -1890
4/09 COO I C;I AC:RE '� DRIVE
`;UITE 2
WILMINGTON. NOR II I INA 28403
23 April 1996
I I I 9 I (11 392 9253
IAx 910/392 9139
Re: Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan associated with the Horseshoe Lake Wetland
Complex at Landfall (Action ID No. 19950022 1) for 1996 through 1998.
Dear Mr. Richter:
The attached monitoring plan will look very familiar to you, as we submitted a nearly identical
package to you on 22 January 1996. Further refinement of the grading and planting plan has resulted in
only minor changes to the proposed monitoring plan. The minor revisions reflect the locations of shallow
monitoring wells (Section I. A. 2. b.) and number of sampling plots for herbaceous species (Section I. A.
2. c.), as indicated on the attached edited copy. There will be a monitoring well for approximately every
0.42 acre of mitigation, excluding preservation areas. The monitoring plan is based primarily on the
monitoring of 8.44 acres of wetland mitigation (via enhancement, creation, and restoration techniques).
We are requesting the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' review and concurrence of the proposed
monitoring plan. Please review the proposed monitoring plan and contact us with your concurrence, or any
questions or suggested revisions. Planting of the site is to begin during the week of 6 -10 May 1996.
Since we are planning to install monitoring wells and establish the sampling transects during the same
period, we would appreciate your comments prior to our work. Thank you for your assistance with this
interesting project.
Sincerely,
CZR INCORPORATED
Samuel Cooper
Project Manager
Enclosure: "Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan and Services Associated with the Horseshoe
Lake Wetland Complex for 1996 through 1998." revised April 1996
CP# 1 150.06
cc: Bruce Bolick - CZR Incorporated
Wayne Polston - Landfall Associates
Larry Zuchinno - Paton / Zuchinno & Associates, P.A.
B -1
140 INTRACOASTAL POINTE DRIVE • SUITE 301 4494 SOUTHSIE E EBOULLVARD • SUITE 200
JUPITER. FLORIDA 33477 -5064 JACK.SC�; 1VILLE, FLORIDA 32216
TEL [phone] • FAX [phone] TEL 904/642 ?507 • FAx [phone]

PROPOSED WETLAND MITIGATION MONITORING PLAN
AND SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE HORSESHOE LAKE
WETLAND COMPLEX FOR 1996 THROUGH 1998
Prepared for:
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Wilmington, North Carolina
Prepared by:
CZR INCORPORATED
Wilmington, North Carolina
On behalf of:
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Wilmington, North Carolina
January 1996
Revised April 1996
B -2

OUTLINE FOR CZR MONITORING SERVICES FOR 1996 THROUGH 1998 FOR THE
HORSESHOE LAKE MITIGATION PLAN
Landfall Associates (Landfall) was issued Permit Number 199800221 on 3 October 1995 by the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) for proposed work affecting wetlands at Horseshoe Lake, New
Hanover County, North Carolina. Preparation of the site has already begun and planting of wetland
vegetation is planned for the Spring and Summer of 1996. Final plantings are projected to occur in July
1996.
The proposed monitoring is broken into a three -year program as follows:
Year 1 - 1996 CZR will collect baseline data, establish sample procedures, and prepare an "as-
built" report for the Horseshoe Lake Complex mitigation areas in 1996. First -year
monitoring will focus on hydrology and herbaceous plantings survival and growth
of transplanted tree seedlings; results will be reported in an end -of -year report.
Year 2 - 1997 The second -year monitoring program (1997) will focus on survival and growth of
transplanted tree seedlings and herbaceous plantings, and hydrology of the area;
the results will be reported in an end -of -year report.
Year 3 - 1998 The third -year monitoring program (1998) will address survival and growth of
transplanted tree seedlings and herbaceous plantings, and hydrology of the area.
The final end -of -year report will address not only the 1998 growing season, but
will summarize the entire monitoring study and evaluate the success of the project
based on established success criteria. The report will be completed and submitted
by the end of February 1999.
23 April 1996
CP# 1 150.06
B -3

Year One (1996) - BASELINE DATA COLLECTION, ESTABLISHMENT OF SAMPLING
PROCEDURES, AS -BUILT REPORT, AND FIRST YEAR MONITORING
A. Baseline Data Collection. Establishment of Sampling Procedures and As -built Report
Baseline information will be collected on the Horseshoe Lake mitigation areas during early
1996. At this time, the sampling procedures, monitoring equipment, and photo stations will be installed
or established. The proposed activities include:
1. Identification of the mitigation areas and acreage on maps and aerial photographs.
Description of existing conditions at the mitigation areas.
a. Establishment of fixed -point panoramic photo stations in the field.
b. Installation of shallow monitoring wells, water level gages, and semi -
continuous water level recording devices. Approximately 17 shallow monitoring wells (1.25 inch PVC well
screen, 24 inches deep) will be installed in early 1996. During the installation of each shallow monitoring
well, the soil series will be confirmed and soil horizon depths and colors recorded on wetlands data forms.
Six semi - continuous recording devices (probably the WL -40 type produced by Remote Data Systems, Inc.)
are proposed for installation. Water level gages will be installed in open water areas. Shallow monitoring
wells, water level gages, and recording devices will be surveyed by Landfall for location and elevation
relative to sea level. Proposed well locations are found along the perimeter of the lake and occur in the
following categories: 1) preservation /woody - 1 shallow well; 2) preservation /herbaceous - 2 shallow
wells; 3) enhancement /woody - 2 shallow wells, 2 WL -40s; 4) enhancement /herbaceous - 4 shallow wells,
1 WL-40; 5) creation /woody - 2 shallow wells, 1 WL -40; 6) creation /herbaceous - 5 shallow wells, 1 WL-
40; 7) restoration /woody - 1 shallow well; 8) restoration /herbaceous - 1 WL -40. Excluding preservation
areas, there will be 20 wells (14 shallow monitoring wells and six WL -40s) to characterize the hydrology
of approximately 8.44 acres. This coverage translates to approximately one well per half -an -acre. The
complexity of the landscape, types of mitigation involved, and proposed planting areas require a detailed
plan to gather and evaluate the success of the area.
C. Establishment of vegetation sampling plots (transects and quadrats).
During the baseline work, CZR will mark, number, identify, and measure the tree seedlings to be monitored.
Approximately 3.87 acres of woody vegetation are currently planned at the site. Using the COE guideline
of 320 trees per acre, this translates to a minimum of 1,239 trees that will be planted at the site. Areas
proposed for the planting of woody vegetation are patchy and thus make the use of transects inefficient.
Tagging of trees is proposed at a coverage of 75 percent of all individuals for each species planted. This
would translate to tagging approximately 1000 trees which can be accomplished by two people in several
days. If the trees are planted on 9 -foot centers this would translate to sampling approximately 1.85 acres.
Areas planted with herbaceous species will be monitored and sampled by
a qualitative assessment of relative coverage. Approximately 70 1- square meter quadrats (plots) are
proposed along 11 transects around the lake. Transects are oriented in a perpendicular direction from
upland areas around the lake and extend toward the open water of the lake. Quadrats will be located
every 20 feet along a transect and will characterize the zonation and diversity of proposed planting areas.
The relative coverage for all species encountered will be estimated for each quadrat.
3. Preparation of figures showing locations of tagged tree seedlings, herbaceous
monitoring plots, shallow monitoring wells, water level gages, and recording devices.
23 April 1996
B -4 CP# 1150.06

4. Preparation of an "as- built" report for submission to Landfall and the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (Corps) after the final earthwork and planting of wetland vegetation.
B. Year 1 Monitoring (1996) at the Restoration Area
1. Vegetation. Planted tree seedlings and herbaceous plantings will be sampled near
the end of the growing season of 1996. All seedlings marked and identified during the baseline work will
be monitored for survival, tree height, and root collar diameter. Relative coverage of herbaceous species
will be estimated for sampling plots.
2. Hydrology. Shallow monitoring wells, water level gages, and recording devices
will be monitored in the restoration area monthly during, the first year and weekly during the early growing
season (March through May). Supplemental hydrology monitoring may be conducted between the usual
monthly well checks if weather or hydrological conditions warrant. The readings will be included in the
annual report.
3. Fixed -point Panoramic Photographs. Photos taken at established fixed points
during each vegetation sampling period will provide visual documentation of the wetland restoration area.
Additional photos may be to show particular on -site features or changes. Some photos will be
incorporated into the annual report.
4. Rainfall. Daily rainfall data will be obtained from the New Hanover County Airport
weather station throughout the monitoring period, and incorporated into figures depicting "normal"
conditions. Tables showing monthly rainfall per day and figures of monthly rainfall for 1996 will be
included in the annual report.
5. Annual Report. An annual report that includes the above - listed items will be
prepared for the monitoring year and will be submitted to Landfall and to the Corps by the end of February
1997.
Year Two (1997) - MONITORING
A. Vegetation. A survey of the transplanted seedlings and herbaceous plantings will be
performed near the end of the growing season to determine survival, tree height, and root collar diameter
of planted trees, and to determine the survival and relative coverage of herbaceous plantings.
B. Hydrology. Shallow monitoring wells, water level gages, and recording devices will be
monitored monthly, except that weekly monitoring will be done during the early part of the growing season
(March through May). Supplemental hydrology monitoring may be conducted during the remainder of the
growing season if weather or hydrological conditions warrant. The readings will be included in the annual
report.
C. Fixed -point Panoramic Photographs. Photos taken at established fixed points during the
vegetation sampling period will provide visual documentation of the wetland mitigation areas. Additional
photos may be taken to show particular on -site features or changes. Some photos will be incorporated
into the annual report.
D. Rainfall. Daily rainfall data will be obtained from the New Hanover County Airport weather
station throughout the monitoring period, and incorporated into figures depicting "normal" conditions.
Tables showing monthly rainfall per day and figures of monthly rainfall for 1997 will be included in the
annual report.
23 April 1996
CP# 1 150.06
B -5

E. Annual Report. An annual report that includes the above - listed items will be completed
and submitted to Landfall and the Corps by the end of February 1998.
Year Three (1998) - MONITORING AND FINAL REPORT
A. Vegetation. A survey of the transplanted seedlings and herbaceous plantings will be
performed near the end of the growing season to determine survival, tree height, and root collar diameter
for planted trees, and relative coverage by species for herbaceous plantings.
B. Hydrology. Shallow monitoring wells, water level gages, and recording devices will be
monitored monthly monthly, except that weekly monitoring will be done during the early part of the
growing season (March through May). Supplemental hydrology monitoring may be conducted during the
remainder of the growing season if weather or hydrological conditions warrant. The readings will be
included in the annual report.
C. Fixed -point Panoramic Photographs. Photos taken at established fixed points during the
vegetation sampling period will provide visual documentation of the wetland restoration area. Additional
photos may be taken to show particular on -site features or changes. Some photos will be incorporated
into the annual report.
D. Rainfall. Daily rainfall data will be obtained from the New Hanover County Airport weather
station throughout the monitoring period, and incorporated into figures depicting "normal" conditions.
Tables showing monthly rainfall per day and figures of monthly rainfall for 1998 will be included in the
annual report.
E.. Annual /Final Report. An annual report that includes the above - listed items will be
completed by the end of February 1999. This third annual report will also include an analysis and summary
of the three -year sampling program and will evaluate the success of the project based on established
success criteria. Copies of the report will be provided to Landfall and to the Corps.
23 April 1996
B -6 CPIs 1150.06

LANDFALL /HORSESHOE LAKE WELL MONITORING (CP 1150.13)
OBSERVER:
TIME IN:
DATE:
TIME OUT:
SHALLOW MONITORING WELLS Indicate water levels below the ground with a minus sign ( -) before the number. Record
any differece between the water levels in and out of the well. WL -40 data is recorded without any correction factor (CF).
The CF represents the distance between the calibration point and the ground.
01 (S 12701 /CF = 18.0): 08 (S1 2712 CF = 16.75): 15:
02: 09: 16
03: 10: 17:
04: 11 (S115A4 /CF = 10.75): 18 (S1271 F /CF = 8.5):
05: 12: 19:
06 (S12706/CF = 10.75): 13: 20:
07: 14 IS126F3 /CF = 12.0►: 21:
Staff Gauge:
SG01 (in upper lake between wells 9 &10): SG02 (at upper dam):
SG03 (in lower lake at dam):
Mammal Sign: (designate tracks, scat, or individuals seen)
Reptiles /Amphibians:
Birds: List species within or over site. Designate species seen flying overhead with "ov ", and nesting species with "BR ".
Estimate number of individuals seen.
COMMENTS:
B -7

t,.
ISt6
MONITORIN(r WELL
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
LANDFALL
•R.LfNCTON. N.C.
I- ANDPALL ASSOCLITES. P.A.
�TRAWEGT LOCATIONS
• WL4o
o shadow mnitor;rq WfA(
\gyp ,1
.1
B -8
1

Jill' ,
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF
Regulatory Branch
Action ID No. 199500221
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WILMINGTON DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOX 1890
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28402 -1890
August 26, 1996
Mr. Sam Cooper
CZR, Inc.
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
Dear Mr. Cooper:
AUG 27 1,99�,
Please reference the mitigation monitoring plan, dated April 23, 1996,
for the Horseshoe Lake wetland creation, adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal
Waterway, in the Landfall Subdivision, in Wilmington, New Hanover County,
North Carolina.
You met and discussed this plan with the undersigned. Based on this
meeting and further review of the plan, we have determined that the placement
of wells and the monitoring and the reporting schedules will adequately
monitor the proposed project's wetland creation and enhancement goals.
Thank you for your advance notice to us concerning your proposals.
Should you have any questions, please contact me at telephone [phone].
Copy Furnished:
Mr. Wayne Polston
Landfall Associates
Post Office Box 5368
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
Sincerely,
r e H. Ri h er
j Manage
mington Regulatory Field Office
B -9

APPENDIX C
CHARACTERISTIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE DURING 1996

•
y _ � ,,;1,,.i� ._ �c__7!, •%� ��.ff1�,p� lt��+ ��fi�3 "r l�'3y. i
S41 0
�- .... ., _ -.. ,:+.'.: _' _ _'k �'. _.c::A4 S!, .. (z <'1, .� ice•
Photo 1. Construction and grading of the Upper Lake of the Horseshoe
Lake wetland complex on 6 February 1996.
T r p-
�`�' �' >>L• .. -Sys._ -�.
i7
• Photo 2. Grading of the perimeter berm along Upper Lake on
14 May 1996.
C -1

•
F-
6-1
•
T
Photo 3. View looking south at tree monitoring section 6 occupied by
black gum, water ash, and red maple on 20 May 1996.
Z
Photo 4. View looking southeast at tree monitoring section 4 occupied
by planted bald cypress and soft rush on 20 May 1996.
C-2

•
•
•
Photo 5.
k S -
View of planted trees in tree monitoring section 1 west of
Horseshoe Lake on 20 May 1996.
;*.: + .%,.
-nw
;: 44
Photo 6. Preservation parcel of soft rush along the southern lakeshore of
Upper Lake on 20 May 1996.
C-3

•
n
U
0
o �
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o
s LL
m
o
t 'C
a i
N �
Rs
�o
�= a
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di
d �
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a�
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O
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0
0
s
a
H
iL i�
m
c
a� o
c �
p N
= r-
O C
O O
d
O Y
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O N
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O O
C. 2
co �
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2' C
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V
O O
J N
2
O
O
s
CL

0
•
Photo 9. View showing the breached dam as a result of the storm surge
from hurricane Fran. Sediment from the dam was forced into
Upper Lake (in the background). 13 September 1996.
.
W",
OR
,s7i ���3�es +i'.L�I' �S � =T�A�c �'p(_� - •'n � 6`. r '�
i '?. � !� : !-' YY 2 1�,' •.�.' -ten ,�$
..q��r„or'�ir ��y -��.• /L'w' -' / 'yO.iR��J � � 'Rt
`tea .� •��� �� Wa.. � �.
Photo 10. Smooth cordgrass wrack left along the perimeter of Upper Lake
as a result of the storm surge with hurricane Fran.
13 September 1996
C -5

•
•
Photo 11. Sedimentation into tree monitoring section 4 from the erosion of
slopes after hurricane Fran. 13 September 1996
Photo 12. Erosion and sedimentation in tree monitoring section 6 on
13 September 1996.
C -6

•
I*
A
f 7
Photo 13. Signs of stress from salt inundation associated with hurricane
Fran on pickerelweed in Upper Lake on 13 September 1996.
'r
• J �Nk :.
- a
i�
Photo 14. Sedimentation from hurricane Fran on duck potato plants at
Upper Lake on 13 September 1996.
C -7

APPENDIX D
1996 DATA FROM THE WL -40 SEMI - CONTINUOUS WATER LEVEL
RECORDERS AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX

NOTES
1 . Daily rainfall totals are from the New Hanover International Airport approximately seven
miles northwest of the site.
2. The WL -40 semi - continuous monitors recorded water table readings to the nearest 0.1
inch, and were programmed to record water table readings every hour and a half.
Readings taken are displayed on the figures.
3. Apparent iron residue was deposited on some WL -40 probes when the water levels
receded. This residue resulted in water wicking above the actual water level in some
situations. Probes were cleaned and coated with "Rain X ", but this did not eliminate
the problem. Cleaning did help but only for a short period.
4. The storm surge associated with hurricane Fran resulted in the destruction of WL -40
number 6 and the malfunction of well numbers 11, 14, and 18. Several of these wells
are being repaired and hopefully they will be replaced prior to the next growing season.
D -1

`W
i
J
N
oo
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N
C)
2
O
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o o o LO o
LO O M r N N M M
N Lip CO r-
d' 4 M N N r- O
(sayOui) Ile julea
D -2
m
0
M
m
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n
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to
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o o o o
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(SOPUI) HeJuIeU
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o
N LA 00 r— t�
d' M N N O
(sayOul) Ileluiell
D -4
D
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0
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(Segoul) Ilejuleu
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VJ N LO W r' V
d' 4 M N N O
(segoui) Ile juie)l
M.
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o o o m o
O
V/ N LO W r 4 M N N r- O
(segOul) Ile juiejj
D -7
O
M
01
N
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N m m
N
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
m N In w V-
4 4 M N N .- O
(seg0ul) Ile juleu
D -8
0
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N
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m
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m 0-
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m
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w
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CD
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
m o m o o o o .n o
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w N
N C
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3
0) N Ln 00 r-
4 4 M N N r- O
(Seg0ul) Ile juleH
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C
m
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M
N
CO
N
r,
N
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N
LO
N
a
N
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rn
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n
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L
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o
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N
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y C m
d m l0
C
CD C
C m
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v- N y
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CL 3
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o
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6 m c
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m y �
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7 LO
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N � �
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C
N O O
y �
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y
d
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a 3 0 0
� � L
m r
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c �
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m m c m
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V M N

J
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r cfl
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
m o n o o m o m o m o
1
Q
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I
I
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CO tm C
l0
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— � 7
CD Z
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c0
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C
7
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0) N LO 00 r—
4 4 M N N � O
(SOLIOU1) Ile juleu
D -10
0
F
O
M
M
N
0
N
r,
N
w
N
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N
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N
N
N
N
N
0
N
m
CO
r
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N
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n
c0
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N
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CD
m V N
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y
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CL +•
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T 01
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0
m O
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CD N
CL
CO > LO
O
C tm
=mom
CO o z m
. M m LC;
N
d C O
N
+J N C� Y C
Q m C d c0
Q� cn L O O
m _
cLYO L CD
C ` m t L
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r M O N O
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N
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r
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N 7 d
N �
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0
= 00
—_ 0�
CO
Depth to Water Table (inches)
�n O O O o o o
M N LLJ w r-
d' d' ('M N N
(seyoul) Ile juleu
D -11
0
M
N
O U C
C
CO
N
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m
lL 10
w N y
N
O r M
C
CD
G
0
N
U m O
T t�0 O) CD
N
«
Q w w
a
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m o
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c
=
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N
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N
In
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O)
C
9 C
N
M
LL
N O O
y L6
A m y
L C m y
CO
(D
11
4-'
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W
C1
N
y L C
.5 S c
co
F—
d
T Y 01
N
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y
L-• m
a}
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CV
Y
~
3 O
CD
Sr-
o o Q
�
rn m - E
O R
5
+L+ y 2 N
y
y
C
U
d Cr
Q f0
y0 y
CO
L 7• � �
U IM
O
C O = O
C O w m
n
♦+ L y F
CO
m A V
`CL 0 >
�
a
C.)
M
ayi
,C C C E
r,, m V N
r -t E
N
�'U M H
I� O
O

W
N
0 r-
Cn NCD
o
_ 0
O
4—
a
Depth to Water Table (inches)
m o 0 o o o o o
N N r r-
d7 N lA CO r- I�
d' 4 M N N O
(sayoui) Ilejuiea
D -12
0
C
O
M
rn
N
w
N
N
N
M
N
a
N
M
N
N
N
N
O
N
M
w
F-
� Q
r
N
O
m
CO
n
O
U,
M
N
Y ^�
L
.Cu
a
0
L
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L
a)
FO
n
M CD
_
m m m
c _
0 a m
W L m
N
O - O)
CL +, c
;3
�j m o
Em
a�w
m p
N m r
� � m
m y �
0 a
7 LO
O
C 03-
r =
c0
N O O
N LO
m
m
N t O O
=-mom m
may m
U m >
m �
7 C O
L +�+ O >
«, m m m
O d N N
O
w m 3 m
m
c o m o
N > C
•+ -C N m
CD r t0
M M
w
m 3 > 3
5
CD ° Q m
= c
C) y m
E

`W
i
J
ON
C.0TT
VJ
O
2 00
°a
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
m O m O O m 0 m 0 m O
N N — M O M r– � N N M M '�d-
M N LO W r- V I�
4 4 M N N O
(sayoui) Ile juiea
D -13
u
M
O
M
M
N
w
N
N
O
N
N
d'
N
M
N
N
N
N
O
N
m
w
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n
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M
N
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s
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n
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0
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m
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m
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N 0 O
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6
0 O 6
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
Lc� o Ln o o Ln o Ln o Ln o
m
U
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N
y
13
C
7
O
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CD N LA 00 r—
4 4 M N N �- O
(seyoui) Ile juieu
D -14
M
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N
C
0
a O
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CO
N
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n
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o O o m O o
LLB
m N LO 01 T 4 4 M N N
(sayoul) Ile julejj
D -15
7)
m
U
0
�0
m m N
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Cl)
N
C
7
N
O
W
N
C4
CD
N
m N LO 01 T 4 4 M N N
(sayoul) Ile julejj
D -15
7)
`c°'
0
m m N
C 2 C
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O. N
LO N
N
W
N
C4
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O
to
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8 m
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T /0
m
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LO
N
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a
N
m y
m
FL- C O.
N
LO
N
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C CD r
N
m
N
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N
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t
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
LO o m o o o o o
p r; N N M M �
M N LO 00
d' d' M N N O
(se4oul) lle juielj
D -16
m
O
C9
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rn
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N
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00
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cc
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LO
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m
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N
N O
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N
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N
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ry
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2
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
�n o o o o
N N r- to O 1 1 N N M M
M N LO 00 r-
d' M N N O
(SeLloul) (fie jul2)j
D -17
0
O
M
O
N
OD
N
n
N
CD
N
LO
N
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N
M
N
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N
N
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w
to
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N y V
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7 U0
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C_
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N
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y
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a C d y
D
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C 'm N O-
N3%
Cm
m L y 47
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m
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++ N A d
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o 0 o o
O LOI •; V-1 N
00 N lA 00
4 4 M N N
(sayOui) Ile juiejl
D -18
I'.% .0
O
O
M
CD
N
O
N
n
N
N
O
N
N
co
N
N
N
N
O
m
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N
m
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Cu
L
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m
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CM CL
C ly0
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w C
m O
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N N �
CL
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CD
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l0
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a c m y
m N 3
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n'3 0 0
d d y m
U W
m N
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C C O
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m 7
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of
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N
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7
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4 4 M N N
(sayOui) Ile juiejl
D -18
I'.% .0
O
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M
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N
O
N
n
N
N
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N
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N
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a c m y
m N 3
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m 7
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4+ - c0 � d
of
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m
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L J �
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C I
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J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
LO o n o o n o m m
N N r- r- LO O Ln N N M Co 1
m
w
m
L
C
7
O
rn N Ln 00 V- rl_
4 M N N O
(sayOui) Ile juleu
D -19
M
�cm
m m co
C
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L
N
w m
N
OD
N
O O)
G N C
o
N N
Lj m
CD
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N
w �
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N
m O
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d
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U
N
L N
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N
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H OR
N
m m L
y
W
■
D C m y
CC ~
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m C
a m
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M
25 5 0 0
n
Q
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CD
m L >
L
N f0 w
W O
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Or-
2 O Q 'a
Cm 7
Cu
(D 7 O
N
O
o m o
C
� V
g3: m
w
O
C 0 L Q
O w N
O 0
N L N N
m ° m 'O
cc
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d
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C C
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r
N
U M N
M

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i
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C
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
LO O L.0 0 O 0 LO O in O
N N U) O LO , , N N M M IT
N U0 00 1� n
It M N N — O
(seyoui) Ile julem
D -20
I
O
M
N
� C m
00
m V W
N
C
O) O. N
U�
N
W m
N
(O
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C
G
N
H
U m o
LO
N
D7
m
N
Q O
;�-
M
m O
Ch
N
C
` O
N
N y
N
C G.
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N
C W r
N
M
O
4-
100
NS
CO
O m N
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t
45
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CO
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m Y
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V O N
N
r
y
3 N O
C C
d
CN
++
O O Q
O >
L M
Y f0 d
�
I
N
N
O
O N
CD O
t0
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N m O
N
Cm
CO
C O L G
N O d
n
L
y /0
to
m
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LO
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a
= c wC E
o
M
+O_
0
V M y
N

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i
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L VJ�\
L-
0 \�
4—
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
N LO M T- d'
d° M N N O
(seyoui) Ile juiea
D -21
u
O
LOM
M
N
N
n
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
O
N
M
W
cc Q
L Q
M
N
O
M
O
n
O
LO
a
M
N
C
I.V
t
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r
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n
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C
C
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y
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N l0 C
m
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7 �
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C_ CM
N O O
m m LO
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y
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0
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m Y m
m a y m
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r
y 3 w
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m 7 O
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3 y N m
CD
C O
m
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m
7
m `O U y
c «. m m
c E
m O U E
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i
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C
cc
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
o m o o �c� o �n o o
N N r- � M O N N M M
a) N LO 00 V
M N N r-
(sayoul) Ile juleu
D -22
m
U
M
A
5
N
C
M
C
7
M
O
W m
N H
N
a) N LO 00 V
M N N r-
(sayoul) Ile juleu
D -22
n o
0
N C d
M
m C01 N
C
C
M
C O. N
'
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W m
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N
0—
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CL " -
N
C
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G
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0
Q � �
N
m O
In
N
O C
w m
7 U
N N
N
C O.
M
N
> LO
O
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N
L C
C
O O O
y ui
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N
T U N O
d C N y
M C
m
t
C J, M
m. C C
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w
tp
Q
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N o 3"6
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L
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m
N
0
O m N
0
I
L
yy m O
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O vL�
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N C
L
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m c m a
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>°'
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c °
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(OD 40)
_ C N E
N U .
M
N
O
n o
0

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O LL CO
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O
i Cn
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C'
C
Cu
Depth to Water Table (inches)
0 0 m o o Ln o Ln o Ln O
N N r- LA O
O) N LO 00 r- 1�
d' M N N O
(sayOui) IlBJUIeU
D -23
C
v
y
O
M
N
O
N
n
N
CO
N
O
N
N
M
N
N
N
O
07
m
w
Q
0
LO
N
O
Of
CO
n
O
O
a
M
N
CO
4�
LL
r
CL
N
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a

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i
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= C
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0
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J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
m O m O O O O O
LD O
0) N LO 00 r- 't I�
4 d' M N N T- O
(seyoui) Ile juiea
D -24
0
N
C m
m m l0
C C
w
N
C a m
w
N
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y
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t+ C_
N
G M 3
U m o
N
Em
N
O
Q
m O
M
N
A C
m
7 U
N
L O.
C
_
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N
CO
O
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N
C
C
CO
+L
N O O
1
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o
a�i y
_ �
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N
4-J
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c0
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CO
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(D
Cu
r
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f0
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W
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N O ♦+ d
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N
C 9 T �
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3
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= C c E
ch
D V 'CyC
Y G
N
U M N
9

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1
N N
L C J
0 �� \,
2 Oo
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J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
LO o m o o m o m o o
N N r- ISM O M N N M M
m N 0 w r- V 1
4 4 M N N O
(sey0ul) Ile juleu
D -25
m
O
M
M
N
CO
N
n
N
m
N
N
It
N
M
N
N
N
N
O
N
00
W
CO I--
a
N
0
CO
n
O
LO
M
N
1
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m m `m
to
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m
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m
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0
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y l0
W 0 O
3 or-
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CO m j p N
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m C m
0 � 7
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N C m C
3
C° 0 i a 0
c c E
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O �= t} E
0 0 M N

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i `
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W LL
r�
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V, r
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Ca
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
�s� o o o o m o o
d-
c
0
U
C
7
m
E
N
3
N LO 00 V- n
d' M N N O
(sayOul) Ile juleu
D -26
O
CO
rn
N
00
N
n
N
CO
N
LO
N
It
N
M
N
N
N
N
O
N
M
00
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a
LO
N
0
M
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n
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B
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m p
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7 t0
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C_ 0—
C
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N ui
N
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m
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N L C C
m
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01
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o m o o
C
O
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C
7
E
G7
3
d' 00 N CO M It CO N CO
LO M N r- O
(sey0ui) Ile juieu
D -27
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c m
mm�o
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(A
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m o
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N
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N
Q O w
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N
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C
N
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m
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cc
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cc
N
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L
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y
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y
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3
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CD c
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C O m
�
N p +L+ 0)
O O
L
+• y O
m
(0
L,
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Q
c
a
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= C E
M
C V m
o �= E
N
O U v N

`W
i
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Q) U- CD
0 T�T
VJ
N Nom'
CD �'`^ — W
L VJ
_0 /-- E
W `N
m
Depth to Water Table (inches)
oU-) o
N In 00 r- n
d' 4 M N N O
(sayOui) Ile juleu
D -28
0
m
U
M
m
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y
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m
N
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04
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n
N
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m a
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N
Q 0 4�
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M A
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m ui
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L
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iQ
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3 c
+'
m
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m o m
Y m m m
y N m
O m O)
O
d QC U
3 m
rn
m y
L >• 0
C
00
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m C M
m 9 C0
LO
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3
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m 0 U
0
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= C c E
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y .� O U m
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o
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0 �j M H
m

`W
i
U-
O CD
CO N
N �
L Vi W
O
2 00 0
r U
CO O
CO
J
Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o o
C
O
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C
7
m
N
3
U
t
7
C
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0
N LO 00 n
d' M N
(SNOUT) lleluieH
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M
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N
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00
N
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N
N 3
0
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j
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C
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N
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cc
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y 3 N O
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CD C
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c)
m m o
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CD
C m
N p � d
P,
N O C
t m
CO
C T
m C m
m m a m
LO
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= c c E
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v m U
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N
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CD L-L CD
o
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v
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4—
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Depth to Water Table (inches)
o o o m o o o
N LO 00 r- d n
d' 4 M N N O
(SggOui) Ile julea
0
y
0
M
N
CO
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n
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0
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m ^ 3 v
d
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N N O
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U � O
N C r N
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m t0 � cp
m 3 > N
" 3
c •° m m
v m
O!_� E
a 0-w

APPENDIX E
RESULTS OF VEGETATION SAMPLING DURING JUNE 1996 (E -1) AND
SEPTEMBER 1996 (E -2) AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX

a�
a)
N
N
O
U
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c
(D
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APPENDIX F
DESCRIPTION OF SOIL PARAMETERS

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a

ZR
INCORPORATED
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
Mr. Jeff Richter
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
4709 COLLEGE ACRES DRIVE
SUITE 2
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28403
TEL [phone]
FAX [phone]
czrwilm(gaol.com
19 February 1998
Re: Baseline and end -of -year reports for Landfall's Horseshoe Lake wetland mitigation complex.
Action ID Number 19950021
Dear Mr. Richter:
On behalf of Landfall Associates, CZR Incorporated is submitting two copies each of the
following reports:
"1997 BASELINE AND AS -BUILD REPORT FOR THE HORSESHOE LAKE WETLAND MITIGATION
COMPLEX," and
"1997 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT FOR THE HORSESHOE LAKE WETLAND MITIGATION
COMPLEX."
The mitigation site was required under Individual Permit Number 19950021 and these reports
were prepared in compliance with the terms and conditions as described in the permit. Please contact
us with any questions or concerns, or if you would like to schedule an on -site visit.
Sincerely,
U CZR INCORPORATED
WNDS G SEGTIOtJ
IER �N�jv.A..v -� = amuel Coope
Project Manager
Enclosures
PC: Wayne Polston, Landfall Associates (four copies of each report)
John Dorney, NC DWQ (two copies of each report)
Bruce Bolick, CZR Incorporated - CP# 1150.13
140 INTRACOASTAL POINTE DRIVE • SUITE 301 • JUPITER, FLORIDA 33477 -5064
TEL [phone] • FAX [phone] • czrjup @aol.com

1997 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
FOR THE
HORSESHOE LAKE WETLAND
MITIGATION COMPLEX
JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1997 DATA
Prepared by:
CZRINCORPORATED
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
February 1998 �C Z R
INCORPORATED
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS

1997 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
FOR THE
HORSESHOE LAKE WETLAND
MITIGATION COMPLEX
JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1997 DATA
Prepared for:
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
Wilmington District
Wilmington, North Carolina
Prepared by:
CZR INCORPORATED
4709 College Acres Drive, Suite 2
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
On behalf of:
LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
Wilmington, North Carolina
February 1998

1997 ANNUAL SUMMARY REPORT
FOR THE
HORSESHOE LAKE
WETLAND MITIGATION COMPLEX
January through December 1997 Data
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Eagg
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................ .............................ii
LIST OF TABLES ......................... ...............................
LIST OF FIGURES ......................... ............................... iv
LIST OF APPENDICES ...................... ............................... iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................... ..............................v
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................... ............................... 1
2.0 MITIGATION SITE LOCATION ........... ............................... 1
3.0 PROJECT GOALS ................... ............................... 3
4.0 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................. ............................... 3
5.0 PRE - CONSTRUCTION SITE CHARACTERISTICS ............................. 3
6.0 SITE PREPARATION ................. ............................... 4
7.0 AS -BUILT MITIGATION SITE CHARACTERISTICS ............................ 4
7.1 Topography and Soils ........... ............................... 4
7.2 Transplanted Vegetation ......... ............................... 4
8.0 SITE MONITORING .................. ............................... 8
8.1 Hydrology ................... ............................... 8
8.2 Vegetation .................... .............................11
8.3 Reports ....................... .............................11
9.0 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTED IN 1997 . ............................... 11
9.1 Rainfall -- 1997 ............... ............................... 11
9.2 Hydrology ..................... .............................11
9.3 Vegetation .................... .............................14
9.3.1 Herbaceous Vegetation .... ............................... 14
9.3.2 Woody Vegetation ........ ............................... 15
9.4 Wildlife Observations ........... ............................... 15

LIST OF TABLES
VIM,
1 Summary of wetland vegetation purchased for installation at the Horseshoe Lake complex ....... 7
2 Locations and elevations of monitoring wells at the Horseshoe Lake complex ................ 10
3 Water level data from monitoring wells and staff gauges at the Horseshoe Lake complex during
1997 .................................... .............................13
4 Average percent coverage of herbaceous vegetation in sampled quadrats at the Horseshoe Lake
complex.................................. .............................16
5 Number (and percentage) of quadrats sampled with and without vegetation present during
September 1997 at the Horseshoe Lake complex .... ............................... 16
6 Summary of dominant species along sampling transects at the Horseshoe Lake complex in
September1997... .......................... .............................17
7 Status of planted herbaceous species at the Horseshoe Lake complex in September 1997 ....... 20
8 Summary of vegetation characteristics of the mitigation areas at the Horseshoe Lake complex .... 21
9 Total number of live individuals counted during October 1997 for woody species planted at the
Horseshoe Lake complex ..................... ............................... 22
10 Wildlife or wildlife signs encountered at the Horseshoe Lake complex ..................... 23

LIST OF FIGURES
17-m-
1 Location Map . .............................. ..............................2
2 As -built Contours ........................... ............................... 5
3 1996 Planting Plan .......................... ............................... 6
4 Monitoring Sites and Wetland Areas ............. ............................... 9
5 Monthly Rainfall Recorded at the New Hanover International Airport and Landfall During 1997 .... 12
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A DATA FROM 1997 TREE SAMPLING AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
APPENDIX B CHARACTERISTIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE DURING 1997
APPENDIX C 1997 DATA FROM THE WL -40 SEMI - CONTINUOUS WATER LEVEL RECORDERS AT THE
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX
APPENDIX D RESULTS OF VEGETATION SAMPLING DURING SEPTEMBER 1997 AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE
COMPLEX
iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report was prepared in compliance with the terms and conditions described in the
Department of Army's Individual Permit Number 19950021 for wetland mitigation associated with the
Horseshoe Lake complex at Landfall in New Hanover County, North Carolina. Activities associated with
the construction of Upper Lake (Landfall Lake) were completed in 1996. Damage to the site and planted
vegetation occurred in conjunction with the passage of two hurricanes (Bertha and Fran) during 1996.
A summary report describing conditions of the site was prepared and submitted to the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers in March 1997. Damage from the storms required additional construction work to repair
the wetland shelves at the site and replanting of wetland vegetation between May and July 1997.
Modifications to the site and replanting efforts resulted in the preparation of a new baseline report using
data collected from January through July 1997. This report summarizes conditions and data collected
during 1997 and represents the first annual report since modifications to the site.
Hydrology of the site was monitored using 15 shallow monitoring wells in conjunction with five
semi - continuous monitors and two staff gauges. Planted herbaceous species were monitored within 83
quadrats along 11 transects. The survival of 754 tagged, woody plants that were planted at the site
was monitored in the Fall 1997. Photographs of the site were taken from permanently established
locations.
Seventy -six planted and naturally occurring herbaceous species were documented from the
sampling quadrats in September 1997. The frequencies of occurrence were highest for sheathed
flatsedge (Cyperus haspan) and bacopa ( Bacopa spp.) which occurred in 29 percent of the sampled
quadrats. The most frequently encountered planted species were bacopa and arrowhead (Sagittaria
iancifoiia) which occurred in 19 and 18 percent of the sampled quadrats, respectively. Approximately
85 percent (4.05 acres) of the planted shelves contained vegetation and 20 percent (0.95 acres) of the
planted shelves contained greater than or equal to 80 percent vegetative cover. Herbaceous coverage
of preserved wetlands has dropped since creation of Upper Lake. Of the 754 woody individuals tagged
and measured in July 1997, 739 were alive in the Fall 1997. The number of living woody individuals
encountered in the Fall 1997 represents a survival rate of 98 percent for the period between July and
October 1997. A density of 354 planted "trees" per acre was estimated over an area of approximately
4.17 acres. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascenders) collectively
comprised 56 percent of the planted individuals.
Data from all five semi - continuous water level recorders indicate that the wetland shelves met
the wetland hydrology criterion during the 1997 growing season. Monthly rainfall totals during the
growing season were below average, but within the normal range, for the monitoring period. Only one
well, number 20, did not appear to meet the wetland hydrology criterion during the monitoring period.
This well represents approximately 0. 17 acre in an area planted with woody species near Horseshoe
Lake.
Mitigation requirements associated with the permit require 8.44 acres of wetland via restoration,
creation, and enhancement techniques. At the end of this monitoring period, 4.95 acres of successful
wetland (via restoration, creation, and enhancement techniques) existed at the site. The amount of
successful acreage was 0.38 acre less in October 1997 compared to the successful acreage present in
July 1997. Some of the recently planted herbaceous plants did not, become established on the outer
edges of the planting shelves. An additional 3.49 acres of successful herbaceous wetland are needed
at the site within the next two years in order to fulfill permit requirements. With time the planted
vegetation and invasion of natural wetland plants should colonize the shelves. The outer edges of the
shelves, in deeper water, have proven to be difficult areas to establish and support vegetation.
Drawdowns of the water level may help to simulate natural conditions and allow additional plants to
invade the outer edges of these shelves. Even in its current state, the site is performing wetland
functions and supports a diverse wetland community that attracts a variety of aquatic animals.
v

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report was prepared to comply with the terms and conditions described in the Department
of the Army's Individual Permit Number 199500221 regarding wetland mitigation associated with the
Horseshoe Lake complex at Landfall in New Hanover County, North Carolina. The permit was issued
in October 1995 to allow impacts to 7.78 acres of wetlands for the creation of an enlarged lake (Upper
Lake) and maintenance activities in the vicinity of Horseshoe Lake. The project involved the excavation
of 1.16 acres of cattail marsh and 3.00 acres of open water in the existing Horseshoe Lake, the
inundation and fill of 1.28 acres of man -made wetlands and 2.29 acres of natural wetlands for the
creation of the Upper Lake, and the fill of 0.05 acre of natural wetlands for the construction of a road.
Mitigation to offset the impacts of the work includes the creation of 3.24 acres of wetlands
from existing uplands, the restoration of 0.56 acre of prior converted wetlands, the enhancement of
4.64 acres of existing wetlands, the creation of 4.73 acres of open water habitat, and the preservation
of 12.32 acres of existing wetlands and open -water habitat.
The proposed project (including background information, affected environment, project design,
environmental consequences, and mitigation measures) is described and summarized in the
"Environmental Assessment Horseshoe Lake Complex Project at Landfall New Hanover County, North
Carolina - February 1, 1995," an application for an Individual 404 permit on file with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers (ACOE).
A report titled "Horseshoe Lake Complex Wetland Mitigation 1996 Annual Summary Report
Including Information on Baseline and 'As- built' Conditions" was prepared and submitted by CZR
Incorporated (CZR) to the Wilmington ACOE in March 1997. The 1996 Annual Summary Report
describes site conditions including soils, hydrology, and vegetation of the site during 1996. The
passage of two hurricanes (Bertha in July and Fran in September) through the area in 1996 resulted in
well above average rainfall amounts and damage to the Horseshoe Lake complex. Hurricane Fran was
particularly destructive with winds in excess of 100 miles per hour and a storm surge that resulted in
inundation of the site with 3 to 4 feet of sea water.
Wilmington ACOE representatives (Jeff Richter and Mike Taylor) met with Landfall personnel
(Wayne Polston and Keith Cooper) and CZR (Sam Cooper) on 17 September 1996 to assess the damage
to Horseshoe Lake as a result of Hurricane Fran and the associated rains. During that meeting the ACOE
indicated that a new baseline report would be necessary after replanting efforts in 1997. The "1997
Baseline and As -Built Report for the Horseshoe Lake Wetland Complex— January through July 1997
Data" serves as the Baseline Report for this project. The purpose of this annual summary report is to
document site conditions throughout the year with additional data collected July through December
1997.
2.0 MITIGATION SITE LOCATION
The Horseshoe Lake complex is located approximately 1.5 miles northeast of the intersection
of U.S. (Truck) 17 (Military Cut Off Road) and U.S. 74 (Eastwood Road) within the private subdivision
of the Landfall Community in New Hanover County, North Carolina. The Landfall Community, a 2,250 -
acre tract formerly known as the Pembroke Jones Estate, is roughly bordered by Eastwood Road (US
74) to the south, the Intracoastal Waterway to the east, Howe Creek to the north, and a Carolina Power
and Light powerline easement near Military Cut Off to the west (Figure 1). Horseshoe Lake is located
near the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway at the ends of Pembroke Jones Drive and Harborway Drive.

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LAKE COMPLEX
HARNETT TOWNSHIP NEW HANOVER COUNTY NORTH CAROUNA
�S /�,��" LOCATION MAP
(,• y y�- ` \�\ I= WOMB: UP SHUT'.
MATMIBY:" FIGURE 1
SOUL. 1• - 1000
YY�OV �\ DATE' FEBRUARY 27, 1997 FRa�ECr FMAMe 2640AGI ML-17
NOTE: RO OWNER: Landfall Associates Inc.
THIS PLAN IS A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF �10 J P 0 B 536
THE PEMBROKE JONES PARK AND LANDFALL
PROJECTS. SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN
MAY VARY AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE OR
REVISIONS BY LANDFALL ASSOCIATES AT ITS
. aX 8
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
9
HANON R DE8 M 8E IVCM PA
SOLE DESCRETION AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE.
LAND SURVEYORS, ENGINEERS & LAND PLANNERS
319 WALNUT STREET
WU/INGTON, N.C. 28401
PHONE. [phone]

3.0 PROJECT GOALS
The purpose of the project is to create an aesthetically pleasing lake area for future
development, as well as to enhance wetland functions in an area of disturbed wetland. Goals
associated with the project include:
1) controlling stormwater run -off from adjacent residential areas,
2) functioning as a settling pond to protect the marshes and open water areas of Middle
Sound from nutrients and sediments associated with residential development,
3) enhancing a degraded wetland complex,
4) providing improved wildlife habitat,
5) creating a setting more attractive to the adjoining residential subdivision, and
6) providing a mechanism for wetland /water management.
4.0 SUCCESS CRITERIA
Success criteria associated with the project are included in the 1997 Baseline and As -built
Report. Special conditions of the issued permit concentrate 'on successful hydrology (Special Condition
#5) and survival of planted .vegetation (Special Condition #7) as follows:
1) "Hydrology will be maintained such that the soils are either saturated within 12 inches
of the surface, ponded, or flooded, for at least 12.5 percent of the growing season
under reasonably average climatic conditions." (Special Condition #5)
2) "Survival rates of each species will be at least 80 percent of the number planted."
(Special Condition #7)
The vegetation success criteria were discussed with Mr. Jeff Richter of the ACOE on 14
December 1996 relative to applying the "80 percent of the number planted" criterion. This criterion was
clarified to represent relative coverage or numbers for herbaceous vegetation.
5.0 PRE - CONSTRUCTION SITE CHARACTERISTICS
The original Horseshoe Lake was created in the 1920s by impounding a natural drain and
possibly some excavation. Horseshoe Lake is "U" or horseshoe - shaped with the ends pointing toward
the southeast. A high ground berm separates the Horseshoe Lake from tidal marsh along the
Intracoastal Waterway. A watershed of approximately 260 acres drains naturally into the lake and a
culvert connects Horseshoe Lake with the marsh.
A water body (called Upper Lake) was originally created above Horseshoe Lake as a result of
various excavation and borrow activities. Sand was excavated from some areas down to a clay layer
which ponded water and created the original Upper Lake. Vegetation of the area was largely comprised
of early successional species characteristic of disturbed areas. Plant communities of the Horseshoe
Lake complex prior to this project were delineated by CZR in 1994 and are described in the permit
application.
3

6.0 SITE PREPARATION
Project details and design were submitted with the permit package in February 1995.
Preparation of the site involved considerable earth work. Major earth work occurred during January
through April 1996, with additional repair and grading work continuing throughout the year. Excavation
of material from the Upper Lake area to appropriate elevations required the removal of approximately
75,000 cubic yards. Careful attention was focused on fine grading the planting shelves where elevation
and corresponding water depth were crucial to achieving a successful mitigation project. Some planting
shelves were undercut and refilled with topsoil to enhance substrate material for planted wetland
vegetation. Approximately 4,800 cubic yards of unsuitable material was removed and topsoil was
added to improve the substrate of the planting shelves.
A dam outlet structure and associated piping, along with an earthen berm, was constructed
between the original Horseshoe Lake and the modified Upper Lake. The slopes and terraces along the
perimeter of Upper Lake were also fine - graded. In addition, a groundwater well was installed near the
northeastern corner of the lake to supply water as needed to manage the lake's water level.
Rain and the storm surge associated with Hurricane Fran resulted in the deposition of
considerable material (soil, wrack, debris) on the planted wetland shelves in September 1996.
Accumulated soil and material were removed from the wetland shelves prior to replanting in 1997.
Additional measures to control erosion and stabilize the surrounding uplands were implemented in early
1997.
7.0 AS -BUILT MITIGATION SITE CHARACTERISTICS
7.1 Topography and Soils. The Upper Lake was contoured with gradually sloping shelves
or terraces along the edges and open water in the middle of the lake. Areas adjacent to the original
Horseshoe Lake were also contoured and planted with wetland vegetation. Maintenance of Horseshoe
Lake via removal of accumulated sediments and recently invading cattails occurred from September
1996 through August 1997. Elevation of the normal water level in Upper Lake is 5.0 feet above sea
level. Contours of the site, surveyed monitoring well locations, and the ends of herbaceous sampling
transects are presented in Figure 2.
Upper Lake occupies approximately 11.82 acres (5.82 acres of unvegetated open water and 6.0
acres of wetland via creation, enhancement, and restoration techniques). An additional 2.44 acres of
wetland mitigation (via creation, enhancement, restoration) occurs below the dam in association with
the original Horseshoe Lake.
7.2 Transplanted Vegetation. Wetland vegetation was planted at the site in May 1996 and
May through July 1997. Approximately 96,096 herbaceous plants of 16 species and eight woody
species were planted at the site during 1996 (Figure 3). Information on planted vegetation, including
a species list, wetland indicator status, and quantity of each species planted, is found in Table 1. The
terraces along the perimeter of Upper Lake were planted with herbaceous species on 2 to 3 -foot
centers. Woody vegetation was spaced on 10 -foot centers and consisted of containerized (3, 7, and
15 gallon) plants. Surrounding land was seeded with annual grasses and covered with straw to prevent
erosion.
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Damage to vegetation planted in 1996 from hurricanes resulted in a second planting between
May and July 1997. Approximately 50,757 herbaceous plants of 19 species and 163 woody plants
of 11 species were planted in 1997. Species included those planted in 1996 as well as a few species
new to the site, including swamp rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardina /is ),
great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphiiitica), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), and water oak (Quercus nigra).
A few additional miscellaneous woody species were encountered in the planted stock of 1997. These
various species were tagged and included with the data for all woody species. Replanting efforts during
1997 were concentrated in storm damaged areas.
8.0 SITE MONITORING
A monitoring plan titled "Proposed Wetland Mitigation Monitoring Plan and Services Associated
with the Horseshoe Lake Wetland Complex for 1996 through 1998" was submitted to the ACOE on 22
January 1996, and a revised version was submitted on 23 April 1996. This revised plan was accepted
by the ACOE. The monitoring plan is based primarily on monitoring of 8.44 acres of wetland mitigation
(via enhancement, creation, and restoration techniques). Hydrology and vegetation of the site have
been the subject of focus for monitoring efforts. Details of the monitoring design are described in the
1997 Baseline and As -built Report and are summarized below.
8.1 Hydrology. Site hydrology was monitored by measuring water levels through the use
of shallow water monitoring wells in conjunction with semi - continuous monitors and two staff gauges.
Monitoring well locations and elevations have been surveyed (Figure 4 and Table 2), and water levels
were checked at least monthly by CZR.
A shallow monitoring well consists of a 1.5 -foot length of 1.25 -inch diameter PVC screen (0.1-
inch slot) coupled to a 1 -foot 1.25 -inch diameter solid PVC riser. Each well was inserted into the
ground on the terraces found along the perimeter of the Upper Lake and on the contoured areas around
Horseshoe Lake. Sand from the site was used to repack the hole around the well and any clay dug from
the hole was used to repack the seal at the surface. The riser is topped with a removable cap which
allows access for measuring and prevents objects from entering the well.
Five semi - continuous water level monitors (model WL -40 units produced by Research Data
Systems) were monitored at the site. A WL -40 consists of a battery - powered instrument capable of
measuring and storing water table fluctuations across a 40 -inch range. A microprocessor with
programmable reading intervals stores up to 510 data points. The WL -40s were installed in hand -
augered holes approximately 24 to 30 inches deep, allowing the remainder of the well to extend above
the ground. This set -up allows the monitor to record fluctuations in water levels both below ground or
above the ground. The units at Horseshoe Lake were programmed to take measurements every 1.5
hours. This interval allows the collection of the maximum number of data points within a one month
time period. Down - loading of data is obtained through wireless infrared transmission to a hand held
computer /calculator.
Daily rainfall data were obtained from the weather station at the New Hanover International
Airport as well as a site from Landfall. Historical rainfall data from the New Hanover International Airport
allows monthly comparisons of rainfall amounts to a 30 -year monthly average. These comparisons
allow discussions relative to unusual or atypical weather conditions. Rainfall data from Landfall allows
more site specific data to be incorporated with the water level data collected from well monitoring at
the Horseshoe Lake complex.
8

SECTION
EIGHT 7
0.062 Ac
AREA OF SECTION NINE 1
+ v \ HERBACEOUS CREDIT t
• SECTION
8881 SF
•H-, 0.158 Ac
+ . WEE[ 13 + \
- UPPER LAKE �✓3 \ _ \.
5.877 Ae + 75�S4 SF +
+ OPEN WATER IN..ING 1,.734 Ac.. +
PRESERVED OPEN wATERI.
WETLAND AREAS u Vtr AsSOgATES \ _ - + ' - - -
BASED ON PLANNED CONTOURS & PLANTING SHELVES \ •a" +
P ACRES (CREDIT)
LANTED WITHWOODYSPCIES
CJ1 4.772 ACRES (CREDI77
PLANTED WITH HERBACEOUS SPECIES
PRESERVED EXISTING WETLANDS
PRESERVED EXISTING OPEN WATER
1.31 ACRES IN UPPER LAKE ZONE
i
WELL 16
SF
Ac
SECTION
TWO i
HORSESHOE LAKE
j
HORSEMOR In COHpM
LANDFALL
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HORSESHOE LAKE
MITIGATION PLAN
TREE MONITORING
SECTIONS
ROJECT BOUNDARY
DATE: FEBRUARY 27. 1997
+ + + + +
• SE +22 + SECTION
613
0.519 .Ac TEN
+ 1775 SF
+ 0.011 AC
/ v
/ PROJECT BOUNDARY \
1 LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
I
100 50 0 100 200 3p0
SCALE IN FEET
HORSESHOE
LAKE COMPLEX
4ARNETT TOWNSHIP NEW HANOVER COUNTY NORTH CAROU1
MONITORING SITES AND WETLAND AREAS
FIGURE 4
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x/ax>I r.A-ge
owim Landfall Associates Inc.
P.O. Box 5368
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
M VRL4N✓< A M SDE91Ci1V air Pa LAW 319 WN STREET
WILMINGTON. / T_T
WILMINGTGTON, . N.C. 28401
PHONE [phone]
MONITORING SITES
®
SHALLOW GROUND WATER WELL
SECTION
SUBnSAMPLES THROUGH TEN
SPECIES
TRANSECT FOR MONITORING HERBACEOUS
I
SPECIES. ONE -METER OUADRATS ARE
SAMPLED EVERY 20 FEET ALONG EACH
TRANSECT.
STAFF GAUGE
i
WELL 16
SF
Ac
SECTION
TWO i
HORSESHOE LAKE
j
HORSEMOR In COHpM
LANDFALL
p,PENNING
ae7Et N.a � 'E8. PJ.
ffitVIRONYS AL CONSULTANTS
lll)](IIiG1'ON, N
BNGDO? MNG
L. .M.a j C( ffA :� INC.
RBSEARCH TRIANGLE PARR, N.C.
SORVEMG:
UNOM
In m
. .,Mm man= P.4.
HORSESHOE LAKE
MITIGATION PLAN
TREE MONITORING
SECTIONS
ROJECT BOUNDARY
DATE: FEBRUARY 27. 1997
+ + + + +
• SE +22 + SECTION
613
0.519 .Ac TEN
+ 1775 SF
+ 0.011 AC
/ v
/ PROJECT BOUNDARY \
1 LANDFALL ASSOCIATES
I
100 50 0 100 200 3p0
SCALE IN FEET
HORSESHOE
LAKE COMPLEX
4ARNETT TOWNSHIP NEW HANOVER COUNTY NORTH CAROU1
MONITORING SITES AND WETLAND AREAS
FIGURE 4
P+s nmftvRY 1"7 „oAa wt.
x/ax>I r.A-ge
owim Landfall Associates Inc.
P.O. Box 5368
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
M VRL4N✓< A M SDE91Ci1V air Pa LAW 319 WN STREET
WILMINGTON. / T_T
WILMINGTGTON, . N.C. 28401
PHONE [phone]

Table 2. Locations and elevations of monitoring wells at the Horseshoe Lake complex.
Well #
Northing
Easting
Ground elevation'
Top of well /blue line'
1
178775.29
2361974.41
4.4
7.88/5.99
2
178885.65
2362023.47
4.6
6.07
3
178828.98
2361840.12
5.0
6.23
4
178937.06
2361772.44
5.1
6.10
5
178996.11
2361779.46
4.6
5.78
6
178939.70
2361662.35
5.9
8.70/6.84
7
178903.22
2361568.15
6.2
7.43
8
179240.63
2361711.22
5.3
8.55/6.70
9
179325.26
2361846.21
5.3
6.62
10
179963.21
2361906.48
6.4
7.18
11
179762.36
2361980.07
5.0
7.75/5.91
12
179413.05
2362068.18
4.5
6.56
13
179259.83
2362256.55
5.2
5.92
14
179058.27
2362770.56
4.9
7.90/5.99
15
178640.71
2362428.63
5.0
5.97
16
178514.98
2362038.13
5.0
5.75
17
178171.99
2362328.67
4.8
5.67
18
178333.15
2362237.24
5.0
7.56/5.71
19
178392.44
2362321.79
4.7
5.57
20
178441.01
2362084.79
6.6
7.54
21
178595.50
2362094.32
5.0
5.66
' In feet above sea level.
b Blue line refers to the reference point on the semi - continuous WL -40 ground water monitor.
10

8.2 Vegetation. Areas planted with herbaceous species were monitored and sampled by a
qualitative assessment of relative coverage. Eighty -three one - square meter quadrats (plots) were
located along 11 transects around the Upper Lake. Transects were oriented in a perpendicular direction
from upland areas around the lake and extend toward the open water of the lake. Quadrats were
located every 20 feet along the transects and characterize the zonation and diversity of planted areas.
The relative coverage for all species encountered were estimated for each quadrat. Each transect was
located in the vicinity of a monitoring well.
Approximately 50 percent of the planted woody species of the site were flagged and
permanently marked with aluminum tags. The height and root collar diameter of each tagged individual
were recorded in July 1997. The survival /mortality of planted trees from all areas (sections one through
ten) (see Figure 4) were determined in October 1997. The results of the October 1997 survey of woody
species are found in Appendix A.
Photographs were taken from established points during the vegetation sampling period to
provide visual documentation of the wetland mitigation areas. Other photographs showing particular
on -site features are included in Appendix B.
8.3 Reports. Two reports, a baseline /as -built report and an end -of -year annual report, were
planned for 1996. However, the damage from two hurricanes (Bertha and Fran) in the area resulted in
modifications of the site to maintain the original design of wetland areas. Heavy rains in the area
resulted in the erosion of the adjacent shoreline and accretion of sediment onto the edges of the planting
shelves. Discussions and on -site meetings with the ACOE resulted in the decision to prepare a single
end -of -year report that summarized the 1996 activities associated with the project. As a result of these
changes, 1997 will serve as the baseline year for the project.
9.0 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTED IN 1997
9.1 Rainfall - 1997. Rainfall data for 1997 were provided by both the New Hanover
International Airport weather station (located approximately 7 miles northwest of Landfall) and by
Landfall. The rainfall data were used to assist in the analysis of the shallow ground water data.
Monthly precipitation totals recorded from the airport and Landfall are found in Figure 5. Deviations (in
inches) from monthly averages were: -2.04 in January, +0.31 in February, -1.85 in March, -0.83 in
April, -2.59 in May, +0.51 in June, +2.03 in July, +4.52 in August, -3.79 in September, +0.50 in
October, -2.25 in November, and 0.00 in December. Precipitation totals for all months except May,
August, September, and November were within one standard deviation of the monthly averages. The
monthly totals for May and August were lower than one standard deviation from the monthly average,
while the monthly totals for September and November were higher than one standard deviation from
the monthly average. The cumulative precipitation was approximately 7.50 inches below the average
for the year at the end of December 1997. The cumulative year -to -date precipitation for Landfall was
54.57 inches, which is 5.86 inches more than was recorded from the airport. Monthly rainfall amounts
at Landfall were higher, compared to monthly totals from the airport, during all months except June,
September, and October.
9.2 Hydrology. Water levels of the site were measured through the use of shallow water
monitoring wells in conjunction with semi - continuous water level monitors (WL -40s). Fifteen monitoring
wells and six semi - continuous monitors were installed in early June 1996. Nine shallow monitoring
wells and six semi - continuous monitors were installed around the Upper Lake, and six shallow
monitoring wells and one semi - continuous monitor were installed near Horseshoe Lake. Two staff
gauges were installed in Upper Lake. Water levels were checked at least monthly during 1997 by CZR
(Table 3). Two wells ( #6 and #7) were destroyed by debris associated with Hurricane Fran. Water
levels were checked from the well screen still in place at well #6 during 1997.
11

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Hydrology data were analyzed to determine if the area represented by the monitoring wells met
the hydrology requirements necessary for regulation as Section 404 jurisdictional wetlands. The data
were analyzed using information provided in the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (U.S.
Department of the Army 1987) and an ACOE clarification memorandum (7 October 199 1).
The presence of wetland hydrology was evaluated using the number of consecutive days the
water table was within 12 inches of the surface during the growing season. The growing season for
the site is based on the "28 degrees Fahrenheit or lower" temperature threshold at a frequency of "5
years in 10" and extends from 27 February to 26 November (271) days. This information is based on
dates from New Hanover County (New Hanover County soil survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture
1977).
Because the normal lake level is 5.0 feet above sea level and most of the wells were located
on shelves around the lake, the water level was near or above the surface at most well sites for the
majority of the monitoring period. The ground elevations (feet above sea level) at the well sites ranged
from 4.4 (Well #1) to 6.6 (Well #20). Only one of the fourteen monitoring well sites associated with
the Upper Lake was not located on the contoured shelves around the lake. Well #8 (elevation of 5.3
feet above sea level) was located in a drain adjacent to the lake that was planted with cypress trees.
Data from all five semi - continuous water level recorders indicate that the wetland shelves around
the lakes had wetland hydrology during the monitoring period (Appendix C). Data from the shallow
water wells make determination of the exact wetland hydroperiod difficult, but one site (well #20) did
not appear to meet the wetland hydrology criterion during this monitoring period. Well #20 is located
at an elevation of 6.6 feet above sea level and represents an area of less than a third of an acre. Two
other sites (wells #13 and #15) exhibited wetter hydroperiods during the middle of the growing season
(June through August) and represent drier areas of the mitigation site. Surface water would
occasionally be observed near well #13 when no water was present in the well. The soils in the vicinity
of transect H near well #13 appear to contain more clay and may perch water on the surface, allowing
the area to support hydrophytic vegetation.
Water levels of the site are largely controlled by the outlet structures at the dam between the
lakes and the outlet associated with the original Lower Horseshoe Lake. Because of these structures,
water levels of the mitigation sites are less responsive to rainfall events compared to water levels in
more natural settings. The purpose of the outlet structures and supplemental well was to create a
setting which allowed the management of water levels at the site. One of the key factors in achieving
a wetland fringe around the lake is the management of appropriate water levels to encourage and
maintain wetland vegetation.
M,
9.3.1 Herbaceous Vegetation. Vegetation of the site was monitored along 11 transects
(identified as "A" through "K" in Figure 4). The transects were located on the shelves planted with
herbaceous wetland plants. Of the 83 quadrats sampled along the transects, 8 quadrats were in areas
not planted but located in areas designated as preservation areas. Data recorded from each of the 1-
meter square quadrats during September 1997 are found in Appendix D.
Seventy -six herbaceous species were documented from the quadrats in September 1997
(Appendix D). In September 1997, the frequency of occurrence was highest for sheathed flatsedge
(Cyperus haspan) and bacopa ( Bacopa spp.) which occurred in 29 percent of the sampled quadrats.
14

Sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatis) were the next most frequently encountered species, which
occurred in 26 percent of the sampled quadrats. The average coverage of herbaceous species on the
planted shelves was 42 percent and about 13 percent in the preservation areas around Upper Lake
(Table 4). Approximately 85 percent of the planted shelves contained vegetation and 20 percent of the
planted shelves contained greater than or equal to 80 percent vegetative coverage (Table 5). A
summary on the occurrence of planted species within planned planting zones is found in Table 6. The
status of planted herbaceous species during 1997 is summarized in Table 7. Species richness averaged
5.3 species per sampling quadrat in September, compared to 2.7 in July. A summary of vegetation
characteristics of the site is found in Table 8.
9.3.2 Woody Vegetation. A total of 739 live woody individuals were surveyed in October 1997
(Table 9). The number of living individuals encountered in October 1997 represent 98 percent of the
total living in July 1997. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascenders)
collectively comprised 56 percent of the live individuals. Each of the other species comprised less than
11 percent of the total number of live individuals found. Data for all planted species encountered while
surveying are included in this report. A density of approximately 354 live planted "trees" per acre was
estimated at the site (covering approximately 4.17 acres) during October 1997. Average survival by
species from July to October 1997 was 98 percent.
9.4 Wildlife Observations. Observations of wildlife and wildlife sign were recorded in
conjunction with other sampling activities. Two amphibian, one reptile, fifty -four bird, and three
mammal species were recorded at the site during 1997. The shallow water habitats associated with
the open water of the lakes, in addition with the site's proximity to other coastal habitats, account for
the attraction to the area by waterbirds. Despite the construction activities throughout the year,
numerous wildlife species often associated with wetlands have been documented at the site. A
summary of the wildlife encountered at the site is found in Table 10.
15

Table 4. Average percent coverage of herbaceous vegetation in sampled quadrats at the Horseshoe
Lake complex.
Area Number of quadrats September 1997
Planted shelves 75 42.27%
Preservation parcels 8 13.13%
All quadrats 83 39.46%
Table 5. Number (and percentage) of quadrats sampled with and without vegetation present during
September 1997 at the Horseshoe Lake complex.
September 1997
Area Number of
quadrats Vegetated Unvegetated
Planted herbaceous /woody shelves 75 64(85.3%) 11 (15.1%)
Preservation parcels 8 3 (37.5%) 5 (62.5%)
All quadrats 83 67 (78.8 %) 16(19.3%)
16

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Table 8. Summary of vegetation characteristics of the mitigation areas at the Horseshoe Lake
complex.
Preservation parcels (herbaceous) along lakeshore (acres)
Planted herbaceous shelves (acres)
Successful herbaceous coverage ( >_80 %) (acres)
Successful woody coverage ( >320 trees /acre) (acres)
21
Planned
1997
July
0.77
0.39
4.77
4.20
4.77
1.33
4.17
4.17
September
0.29
4.05
0.95
4.17

Table 9. Total number of live individuals counted during October 1997 for woody species planted at the
Horseshoe Lake complex.
Species
1
2
3
4
5
Section
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Acer rubrum
43
25
3
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
79
Amelanchier canadensis
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Aronia arbutifolia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
Betula nigra
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
Corpus sericea
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
Corpus sp.
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
Fraxinus caroliniana
59
0
8
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
76
Gordonia lasianthus
8
0
13
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
22
Liquidambar styraciflua
47
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
Magnolia virginiana
1
0
12
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
36
Nyssa aquatics
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
Nyssa sylvatica
0
0
12
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
21
Platanus occidentafis
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Quercus nigra
2
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
Quercus sp.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Taxodium sp.
101
28
75
74
52
6
10
17
35
16
414
Vaccinium sp.
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
6
Unknown
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Total 266 53 145 74 52 35 42 17 35 20 739
22

Table 10. Wildlife or wildlife signs encountered at the Horseshoe Lake complex.'
Species
1996
1997 1998 1999
Reptiles and Amphibians
Southern leopard frog
•
•
Yellow- bellied slider
•
—
Green tree frog
—
•
Black racer
•
•
Eastern cottonmouth
•
—
Birds
Pied - billed grebe
•
•
Great egret
—
•
Snowy egret
•
•
Great blue heron
—
•
Little blue heron
•
•
Tricolored heron
—
•
Green heron
•
•
Black- crowned night -heron
•
•
White ibis
•
•
Glossy ibis
•
—
Least bittern
•
—
Mute swan
•
•
Canada goose
•
•
Hooded merganser
-
•
Greater scaup
—
•
Blue- winged teal
—
•
Mallard
—
•
Ruddy duck
•
•
Turkey vulture
—
•
Osprey
•
•
Red - tailed hawk
•
•
American kestrel
•
•
Northern bobwhite
•
•
American coot
•
•
Semipalmated plover
•
•
Killdeer
•
•
Greater yellowlegs
•
•
Lesser yellowlegs
•
•
Solitary sandpiper
•
•
Spotted sandpiper
•
•
Semipalmated sandpiper
•
•
Western sandpiper
•
•
23

Table 10. (concluded)
Species
1996
1997 1998 1999
Least sandpiper
•
•
Dunlin
•
•
Short - billed dowitcher
•
—
Herring gull
—
•
Laughing gull
•
•
Caspian tern
•
—
Least tern
•
•
Mourning dove
•
•
Chimney swift
•
—
Belted kingfisher
•
•
Purple martin
•
•
Tree swallow
•
•
Barn swallow
•
•
Fish crow
•
•
Common yellowthroat
—
•
Painted bunting
•
—
Field sparrow
•
—
Savannah sparrow
•
•
Song sparrow
—
•
Swamp sparrow
—
•
Red - winged blackbird
•
•
Red - headed woodpecker
—
•
Brown- headed cowbird
•
—
Brown thrasher
—
•
Eastern bluebird
—
•
Northern cardinal
—
•
Common grackle
—
•
Mammals
Virginia opossum
•
•
Raccoon
•
•
Red fox
•
—
White - tailed deer
•
•
• = documented from site, — = not documented from site
24

APPENDIX A
DATA FROM 1997 TREE SAMPLING AT THE
HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX

Appendix A -1. Raw data from 1997 tree sampling at the Horseshoe Lake complex.
A -1
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Taxodium sp.
500
66.25
1.79
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
100
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Gordonia lasianthus
100
60.75
0.90
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
501
53.75
1.45
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
502
35.50
1.65
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
503
45.00
1.44
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
504
61.50
1.96
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
101
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Taxodium sp.
505
53.25
1.64
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
100
68.00
1.00
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
100
65.00
1.44
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
102
22.25
0.87
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
506
29.00
1.55
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
507
62.75
2.00
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
103
54.50
1.20
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
101
40.50
1.00
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
508
49.75
1.54
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
102
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
101
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Taxodium sp.
509
43.75
1.76
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
510
75.25
1.70
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
103
63.25
0.94
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
101
73.25
1.15
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
104
41.75
0.74
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
102
40.00
1.26
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
511
51.75
2.00
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
512
55.50
1.68
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
103
50.75
0.90
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
104
41.75
0.94
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
513
54.25
1.20
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
105
53.00
1.15
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
514
49.00
1.72
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
106
47.50
1.04
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
104
49.50
1.34
Alive
1
Quercus nigra
1
39.00
0.96
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
105
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
105
58.25
1.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
515
40.75
2.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
516
57.50
1.64
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
102
61.25
0.76
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
106
66.50
1.20
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
103
57.25
0.90
Alive
A -1

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -2
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
106
46.00
1.55
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
517
56.25
1.34
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
107
55.50
1.03
Dead
1
Taxodium sp.
518
50.00
1.25
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
107
68.00
1.23
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
108
63.75
1.10
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
109
56.50
0.94
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
110
62.00
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
519
54.75
1.54
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
108
64.00
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
520
42.75
1.50
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
521
52.25
2.30
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
111
71.00
1.10
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
107
55.25
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
522
62.00
2.00
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
112
58.00
1.23
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
523
47.50
1.60
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
113
60.25
0.87
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
108
48.75
1.09
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
524
58.50
1.70
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
109
68.50
1.36
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
525
49.25
1.40
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
110
52.00
1.75
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
109
61.50
1.22
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
111
14.25
1.10
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
114
62.50
1.42
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
526
41.00
1.25
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
112
72.75
0.98
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
527
46.25
1.53
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
115
57.75
1.04
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
110
60.50
1.06
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
528
52.00
1.75
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
529
40.00
1.44
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
113
49.00
1.25
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
530
60.00
2.35
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
111
54.25
1.10
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
114
10.75
1.10
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
115
67.50
1.36
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
116
35.50
0.95
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
531
50.00
1.42
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
117
62.50
1.06
Alive
A -2

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -3
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
116
16.25
1.25
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
112
74.50
0.93
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
117
60.75
0.89
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
118
58.25
1.21
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
118
40.25
1.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
532
51.25
1.40
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
119
57.50
1.10
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
113
65.25
0.74
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
120
34.50
1.25
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
114
22.50
1.42
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
115
44.00
0.88
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
119
56.25
0.73
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
121
61.00
1.23
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
116
67.50
1.31
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
533
40.25
1.50
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
534
45.00
1.11
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
535
58.25
1.76
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
120
47.25
1.12
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
536
49.25
1.18
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
122
61.50
1.92
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
117
50.25
1.25
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
121
63.25
1.08
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
122
71.00
1.14
Alive
1
Quercus nigra
3
92.00
1.03
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
123
64.75
1.28
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
124
65.25
1.20
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
125
64.00
1.25
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
126
Dead
Dead
Dead
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
127
59.50
1.10
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
123
51.50
1.20
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
118
76.25
1.78
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
124
49.00
0.90
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
537
53.50
2.30
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
538
41.50
1.47
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
119
51.25
1.00
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
539
35.75
1.34
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
125
59.50
0.95
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
120
58.25
0.96
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
121
41.00
1.26
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
128
44.50
1.26
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
122
72.00
1.46
Alive
A -3

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -4
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
129
64.00
1.50
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
540
47.25
1.56
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
541
39.75
0.98
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
542
11.50
1.52
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
104
36.00
0.91
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
123
62.00
1.45
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
130
20.00
1.19
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
543
37.25
1.01
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
124
17.00
0.92
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
126
68.00
1.11
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
131
70.25
1.31
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
544
39.25
1.13
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
132
66.25
0.99
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
125
34.00
1.20
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
133
54.25
1.16
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
545
44.00
1.30
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
546
54.75
2.17
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
126
48.00
1.05
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
547
52.50
1.06
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
548
59.25
1.96
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
549
40.25
1.12
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
127
52.75
1.13
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
127
54.25
1.30
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
128
47.50
1.20
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
129
54.25
1.14
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
128
31.00
0.82
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
134
60.00
1.23
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
129
41.50
1.05
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
550
50.25
1.44
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
130
64.25
1.44
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
551
46.25
1.27
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
131
67.25
1.40
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
135
75.25
1.16
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
130
14.00
1.12
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
132
54.00
1.14
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
136
38.00
0.98
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
131
18.00
1.00
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
132
59.75
0.91
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
133
71.50
1.41
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
552
41.50
1.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
553
38.00
1.26
Alive
A -4

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -5
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Taxodium sp.
554
59.00
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
555
10.00
1.61
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
556
41.50
1.35
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
134
47.00
1.02
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
135
3.00
0.95
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
137
62.00
0.90
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
136
5.50
1.44
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
557
58.25
1.37
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
133
51.25
1.19
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
105
61.50
0.96
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
137
56.25
0.89
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
138
63.50
1.20
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
138
15.25
1.06
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
558
44.00
1.50
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
139
56.50
1.00
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
139
47.50
1.08
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
134
29.00
1.92
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
559
44.25
1.09
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
140
6.00
0.84
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
141
8.00
1.30
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
560
46.00
1.46
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
561
68.50
1.54
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
562
55.75
1.56
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
563
49.25
1.70
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
142
36.00
1.19
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
564
20.50
1.54
Dead
1
Taxodium sp.
565
45.00
1.40
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
135
57.75
0.85
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
140
75.25
1.14
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
143
80.00
1.83
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
106
58.50
0.92
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
141
51.00
1.25
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
142
57.50
1.46
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
143
70.00
1.62
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
144
70.25
1.30
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
136
61.00
0.90
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
566
19.00
1.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
567
32.00
1.95
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
568
38.00
1.54
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
145
38.00
1.60
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
146
15.25
1.47
Alive
A -5

Appendix A -1. (continued)
Section
Species
ID#
July 1997
October 1997
Height Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
1
Taxodium sp.
569
67.25
1.85
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
144
68.75
1.18
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
145
72.00
1.40
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
147
72.50
1.30
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
146
62.00
1.31
Alive
1
Magnolia virginiana
100
91.50
1.90
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
570
55.00
1.92
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
571
42.25
1.45
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
572
46.00
1.35
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
573
70.25
1.85
Dead
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
148
39.00
1.21
Dead
1
Taxodium sp.
574
63.50
1.96
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
575
54.25
2.23
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
576
78.50
1.74
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
147
--
1.42
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
577
45.00
1.35
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
149
63.00
1.76
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
578
47.25
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
579
46.25
1.60
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
148
65.75
1.66
Alive
1
Gordonia lasianthus
107
64.25
1.05
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
137
53.50
0.80
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
150
68.00
1.10
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
138
40.50
0.80
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
580
61.50
0.84
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
581
51.75
1.25
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
151
51.25
1.30
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
152
73.00
1.00
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
139
65.00
1.00
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
582
76.50
1.77
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
583
53.50
1.16
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
153
70.75
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
584
74.50
1.40
Alive
1
Unknown
2
45.75
0.80
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
584
74.50
1.40
Alive
1
Nyssa aquatica
1
67.25
1.10
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
585
74.00
1.54
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
140
70.75
0.90
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
154
51.50
1.23
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
586
50.25
2.00
Alive
1
Taxodium so.
587
48.00
1.26
Alive
A -6

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -7
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive/de
Fraxinus caroliniana
155
66.75
1.33
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
141
53.50
0.91
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
588
54.00
1.40
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
589
60.50
1.16
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
156
75.00
1.42
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
149
53.75
1.24
Alive
1
Liquidambar styraciflua
150
65.00
0.88
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
157
48.50
1.00
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
158
58.25
0.90
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
159
56.75
1.05
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
142
29.25
0.64
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
590
83.50
1.80
Alive
1
Nyssa aquatica
2
56.75
1.09
Alive
1
Nyssa aquatica
3
62.50
1.32
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
591
71.75
1.60
Alive
1
Acer rubrum
143
18.00
0.65
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
592
70.75
1.56
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
593
75.00
1.40
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
160
63.50
1.39
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
594
76.50
1.95
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
595
69.25
1.76
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
596
78.50
1.70
Alive
1
Fraxinus caroliniana
161
63.50
1.50
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
597
65.00
1.54
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
598
82.00
1.85
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
599
72.25
1.43
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
600
61.50
1.20
Alive
1
Taxodium sp.
601
70.00
1.78
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
745
68.00
1.80
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
746
28.00
1.54
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
147
82.50
0.84
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
747
61.50
0.99
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
748
12.00
1.02
Alive
12
Acer rubrum
148
54.25
1.21
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
749
47.75
0.92
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
149
52.50
0.70
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
750
45.00
0.88
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
751
49.75
1.10
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
150
67.75
0.95
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
151
64.50
1.17
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
152
56.25
0.68
Alive
A -7

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -8
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
2
Taxodium sp.
752
47.00
1.05
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
153
48.50
0.66
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
753
50.00
0.80
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
154
42.50
0.62
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
155
41.50
0.73
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
754
37.00
1.20
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
156
31.50
0.70
Dead
2
Taxodium sp.
755
41.00
1.45
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
756
35.75
0.67
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
157
37.00
0.99
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
158
69.50
1.20
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
757
43.00
1.54
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
159
44.00
0.62
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
758
49.50
1.13
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
759
65.00
1.46
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
160
55.75
0.64
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
161
56.00
1.03
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
760
43.00
1.10
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
761
53.75
1.25
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
162
27.00
0.75
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
163
61.00
0.88
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
164
46.50
0.76
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
762
46.00
0.84
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
763
37.00
1.01
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
764
42.00
1.17
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
765
34.00
0.84
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
165
73.00
1.50
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
766
52.50
0.99
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
166
72.75
0.90
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
767
46.00
0.85
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
167
29.00
0.31
Dead
2
Acer rubrum
168
35.00
0.63
Dead
2
Taxodium sp.
768
38.00
1.03
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
169
72.00
0.70
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
769
44.00
1.20
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
170
75.00
0.80
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
770
54.00
1.15
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
171
63.00
0.70
Alive
2
Taxodium sp.
771
51.00
1.35
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
172
69.00
0.72
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
173
49.25
0.75
Alive
A -8

Appendix A -1. (continued)
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
2
Taxodium sp.
772
33.25
0.77
Alive
2
Acer rubrum
174
55.00
0.89
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
123
57.50
0.96
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
840
56.00
1.42
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
841
24.00
1.40
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
109
42.50
0.67
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
842
60.50
1.34
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
843
56.00
1.30
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
2
42.00
1.74
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
110
18.50
0.86
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
844
53.25
1.90
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
111
27.00
1.71
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
112
41.00
1.81
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
113
9.00
0.65
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
130
82.00
1.74
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
845
65.00
1.32
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
846
73.00
1.35
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
171
63.50
0.95
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
3
73.50
1.25
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
847
72.00
1.89
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
124
92.75
1.14
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
172
68.00
0.60
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
151
90.00
1.42
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
131
62.50
0.65
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
125
54.00
1.58
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
126
61.75
0.82
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
152
87.00
1.22
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
848
43.00
1.60
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
4
74.00
1.05
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
849
73.00
1.40
Alive
3
Acer rubrum
182
71.50
0.80
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
850
51.00
1.56
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
114
27.00
0.85
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
115
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Nyssa sylvatica
116
27.25
0.78
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
851
82.00
1.55
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
117
39.00
0.90
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
852
26.00
1.00
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
127
53.00
1.24
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
853
65.50
1.46
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
5
56.00
1.04
Alive

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -10
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive/de
Magnolia virginiana
132
84.00
1.86
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
118
29.00
0.35
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
854
69.25
1.52
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
153
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Magnolia virginiana
133
82.00
1.67
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
128
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
855
58.00
1.11
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
856
48.00
1.43
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
134
82.00
1.40
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
857
62.75
1.73
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
129
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Magnolia virginiana
135
75.00
1.66
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
858
71.75
1.16
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
859
67.75
1.53
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
860
60.50
1.33
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
861
46.00
2.00
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
862
44.00
1.09
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
119
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
864
45.00
1.15
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
120
18.00
0.85
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
865
20.50
0.97
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
866
59.50
1.46
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
867
37.00
0.95
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
6
83.00
0.81
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
130
59.00
1.00
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
154
36.00
1.27
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
868
66.00
1.54
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
173
65.50
0.80
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
136
58.00
2.15
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
131
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
869
69.00
1.75
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
132
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
870
65.00
2.00
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
871
83.00
1.50
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
133
60.50
1.76
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
872
68.75
1.44
Alive.
3
Taxodium sp.
873
77.00
1.56
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
874
82.00
1.46
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
7
92.00
1.05
Dead
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
174
63.25
0.65
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
875
40.00
1.15
Alive_
A -10

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -1 1
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
3
Taxodium sp.
876
41.00
1.34
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
877
65.00
1.50
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
121
18.00
0.88
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
878
58.00
1.64
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
122
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
879
93.00
1.64
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
123
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
155
41.00
1.20
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
880
30.00
1.27
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
134
55.00
1.17
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
881
68.00
1.97
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
882
71.00
1.85
Alive
3
Betula nigra
2
71.00
0.95
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
137
0.72
1.20
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
135
58.00
1.35
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
138
90.00
1.43
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
136
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
883
20.00
0.56
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
139
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
884
89.00
1.43
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
137
64.50
0.80
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
156
60.75
1.06
Alive
3
Acer rubrum
183
76.25
1.37
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
124
10.00
0.60
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
140
91.00
2.35
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
885
58.50
1.50
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
125
18.50
0.90
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
886
71.00
1.44
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
138
68.50
1.08
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
8
33.50
0.95
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
157
37.00
1.28
Alive
3
Acer rubrum
184
82.00
0.88
Alive
3
Gordonia lasianthus
139
65.50
1.00
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
126
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
887
25.00
0.82
Alive
3
Nyssa aquatica
4
81.00
1.55
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
888
75.00
2.10
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
889
30.00
0.59
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
175
72.25
0.82
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
9
60.00
0.93
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
176
64.00
1.02
Alive
A -1 1

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -12
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
3
Unknown
?
48.25
0.95
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
127
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
890
71.00
1.45
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
891
42.00
1.24
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
892
70.00
1.60
Alive
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
177
67.50
0.78
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
128
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Nyssa sylvatica
129
dead
dead
dead
3
Gordonia lasianthus
140
57.00
1.09
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
141
74.00
1.60
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
130
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
893
73.00
1.71
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
131
21.25
0.67
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
895
43.00
1.06
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
896
41.25
1.17
Alive
3
Magnolia virginiana
142
88.50
1.52
Alive
3
Quercus nigra
10
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Fraxinus caroliniana
178
105.00
2.48
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
897
76.00
1.63
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
898
34.75
0.92
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
132
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
899
21.25
0.64
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
900
41.50
0.85
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
133
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
901
55.75
1.04
Alive
3
Liquidambar styraciflua
158
81.00
1.13
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
902
39.75
0.89
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
134
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
903
68.50
1.06
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
904
73.00
1.66
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
905
83.00
1.57
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
906
78.00
1.61
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
907
57.75
1.00
Alive
3
Nyssa sylvatica
135
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Nyssa sylvatica
136
Dead
Dead
Dead
3
Taxodium sp.
908
80.00
1.50
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
909
68.50
1.16
Alive
3
Nyssa aquatica
5
81.00
1.24
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
910
68.25
1.35
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
911
77.00
1.64
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
912
82.00
1.49
Alive
A -12

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -13
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
3
Nyssa sylvatica
137
29.50
0.68
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
913
58.75
1.22
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
914
69.50
1.52
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
915
71.25
1.96
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
916
62.50
1.31
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
917
36.25
1.55
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
918
80.00
1.78
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
919
72.00
1.97
Alive
3
Amelanchier canadensis
1
56.50
0.70
Alive
3
Cornus sp.
1
67.50
0.96
Alive
3
Nyssa aquatica
6
53.75
0.78
Alive
3
Betula nigra
2
76.00
1.06
Alive
3
Taxodium sp.
920
80.00
1.84
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
602
120.00
3.94
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
603
72.00
2.53
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
604
71.50
1.88
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
605
62.50
1.45
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
606
73.00
1.57
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
607
101.00
2.52
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
608
132.00
1.37
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
609
114.00
2.31
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
610
82.00
2.62
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
611
78.00
2.50
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
612
68.50
1.61
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
613
93.50
2.31
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
614
92.00
2.90
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
615
74.00
1.48
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
616
75.00
2.22
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
617
93.50
2.58
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
618
66.50
2.32
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
619
65.75
1.70
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
620
64.50
1.53
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
621
85.00
2.18
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
622
76.00
1.61
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
623
74.00
2.01
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
624
102.00
2.36
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
625
112.00
2.47
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
626
66.50
1.38
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
627
100.00
2.94
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
628
101.00
3.98
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
629
72.00
1.70
Alive
A -13

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -14
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
4
Taxodium sp.
630
71.00
1.89
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
631
102.00
1.64
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
632
112.00
2.43
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
633
84.00
2.55
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
634
75.00
1.89
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
635
66.75
1.70
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
636
74.00
1.70
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
637
72.50
1.94
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
638
75.00
1.74
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
639
35.50
0.47
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
640
103.00
3.04
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
641
103.00
2.51
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
642
59.50
0.98
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
643
73.00
1.66
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
644
65.00
1.48
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
645
73.50
1.66
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
646
83.00
2.20
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
647
80.00
2.21
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
648
26.50
2.08
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
649
68.50
1.86
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
650
73.00
2.26
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
651
92.00
2.38
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
652
51.50
1.26
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
653
96.00
2.37
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
654
73.00
1.90
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
655
68.00
1.18
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
656
100.00
1.98
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
657
103.00
1.92
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
658
122.00
2.63
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
659
98.00
2.46
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
660
86.00
2.41
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
661
71.50
1.71
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
662
80.00
2.04
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
663
96.00
2.60
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
664
70.00
2.27
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
665
110.00
2.19
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
666
94.00
2.51
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
667
90.00
2.20
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
668
10.50
2.71
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
669
100.00
2.45
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
670
50.50
0.91
Alive
A -14

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -15
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
4
Taxodium sp.
671
75.00
2.25
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
672
91.00
2.47
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
673
76.00
1.96
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
674
81.00
1.62
Alive
4
Taxodium sp.
675
69.25
1.30
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
787
97.00
2.16
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
788
81.00
2.00
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
789
70.00
2.45
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
790
97.00
2.11
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
791
65.00
1.80
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
792
87.00
2.32
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
793
76.00
2.09
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
794
63.00
1.96
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
795
92.00
2.60
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
796
82.00
1.90
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
797
90.00
1.80
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
798
92.00
2.25
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
799
32.00
1.79
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
800
86.00
2.42
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
801
82.00
2.02
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
802
89.00
2.07
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
803
Dead
Dead
Dead
5
Taxodium sp.
804
89.00
2.23
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
805
48.00
2.20
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
806
85.00
2.09
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
807
100.00
2.21
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
808
63.00
2.06
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
809
105.00
2.11
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
810
30.00
2.30
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
811
81.00
1.92
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
812
74.50
2.01
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
813
60.25
2.35
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
814
103.00
2.90
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
815
81.00
2.07
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
816
19.00
1.60
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
817
89.00
2.21
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
818
35.00
2.01
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
819
53.00
2.00
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
820
74.50
2.06
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
821
91.00
1.75
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
822
75.00
2.02
Alive
A -15

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -16
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
5
Taxodium sp.
823
99.00
1.96
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
824
76.25
2.56
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
825
75.25
1.85
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
826
80.00
2.29
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
827
33.50
2.00
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
828
73.25
1.93
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
829
72.25
2.10
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
830
72.25
1.80
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
831
71.25
2.01
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
832
73.50
2.00
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
833
80.00
2.41
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
834
62.00
2.13
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
835
71.50
2.19
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
836
83.00
2.30
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
837
55.00
1.76
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
838
85.00
2.00
Alive
5
Taxodium sp.
839
92.00
2.31
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
100
65.25
1.40
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
101
94.00
2.21
Alive
6
Cornus sericea
1
49.75
0.76
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
102
71.00
1.16
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
103
105.50
2.51
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
104
93.00
2.45
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
105
104.00
2.16
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
106
96.50
2.02
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
676
85.50
2.70
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
107
81.00
1.70
Alive
6
Nyssa sylvatica
108
100.00
2.76
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
143
69.25
1.68
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
162
156.00
3.61
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
163
102.00
2.43
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
164
97.00
1.76
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
677
84.50
2.65
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
165
96.00
1.70
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
166
93.50
2.15
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
167
82.25
1.93
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
144
73.75
1.33
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
678
Dead
Dead
Dead
6
Acer rubrum
145
112.00
1.50
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
168
102.00
2.30
Alive
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
169
82.00
2.02
Alive
A -16

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -17
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
6
Acer rubrum
175
73.00
2.44
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
774
72.00
1.75
Alive
6
Cornus sericea
4
65.50
0.95
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
176
11.00
2.41
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
775
97.00
1.58
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
177
Dead
Dead
Dead
6
Fraxinus caroliniana
170
112.00
2.80
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
178
90.00
1.88
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
776
82.00
2.07
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
179
128.00
3.19
Alive
6
Cornus sericea
5
51.00
0.50
Alive
6
Taxodium sp.
777
11.75
2.13
Alive
6
Acer rubrum
180
Dead
Dead
Dead
6
Acer rubrum
181
120.00
1.49
Alive
7
Betula nigra
1
89.00
1.19
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
108
72.50
1.10
Alive
7
Taxodium sp.
773
91.00
2.31
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
101
29.50
0.79
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
109
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Taxodium sp.
778
46.00
1.62
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
110
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Vaccinium sp.
1
45.25
0.59
Alive
7
Taxodium sp.
779
80.00
1.79
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
102
69.00
1.54
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
111
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Taxodium sp.
780
76.50
1.18
Alive
7
Taxodium sp.
781
67.75
1.62
Alive
7
Vaccinium sp.
2
34.50
0.59
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
103
55.25
1.55
Alive
7
Vaccinium sp.
3
27.25
0.65.
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
104
78.00
1.25
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
105
87.00
2.22
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
106
87.00
1.44
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
112
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Vaccinium sp.
4
36.00
0.41
Alive
7
Taxodium sp.
782
77.00
1.69
Alive
7
Platanus occidentalis
1
84.00
1.40
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
107
67.00
1.12
Alive
7
Vaccinium sp.
5
43.00
0.47
Alive
7
Unknown
1
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
108
54.50
1.26
Alive
A -17

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -18
July 1997 I
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
109
54.00
1.10
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
113
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
114
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
110
101.00
1.68
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
111
43.00
1.06
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
112
88.00
1.82
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
115
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
113
83.00
1.96
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
116
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
114
78.00
1.43
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
117
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
118
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Vaccinium sp.
6
40.00
0.44
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
119
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
120
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
115
81.00
1.50
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
121
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
122
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Taxodium sp.
783
69.00
2.00
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
116
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
123
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
117
37.50
1.79
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
124
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Taxodium sp.
784
77.00
1.77
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
118
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
119
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Gordonia lasianthus
125
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Magnolia virginiana
120
41.50
1.41
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
121
72.25
1.53
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
122
92.00
1.72
Alive
7
Gordonia lasianthus
126
Dead
Dead
Dead
7
Taxodium sp.
785
76.50
1.83
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
123
62.50
0.95
Alive
7
Taxodium sp.
786
77.00
1.42
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
124
71.75
1.15
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
125
93.00
1.73
Alive
7
Magnolia virginiana
126
97.00
1.46
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
679
75.00
2.40
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
680
112.00
3.50
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
681
120.00
2.75
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
682
110.00
2.50
Alive
A -18

Appendix A -1. (continued)
A -19
July 1997
October 1997
Section
Species
ID#
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
8
Taxodium sp.
683
13.00
3.00
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
684
110.00
2.71
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
685
114.00
2.65
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
686
115.00
3.02
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
687
115.00
3.52
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
688
114.00
2.44
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
689
77.75
1.47
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
690
75.00
1.19
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
691
62.25
1.25
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
692
54.50
1.51
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
693
64.25
1.80
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
694
69.50
1.55
Alive
8
Taxodium sp.
695
65.75
1.90
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
696
67.50
2.10
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
697
70.25
2.13
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
698
72.00
1.90
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
699
74.50
2.08
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
700
75.00
2.10
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
701
75.50
2.13
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
702
83.00
2.90
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
703
85.00
2.83
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
704
84.50
1.73
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
705
69.00
1.80
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
706
91.00
2.25
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
707
75.00
1.51
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
708
83.00
1.92
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
709
74.50
1.45
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
710
60.50
1.55
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
711
69.00
1.95
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
712
58.00
1.30
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
713
80.00
2.32
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
714
74.00
2.21
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
715
69.50
2.20
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
716
61.00
1.44
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
717
70.00
1.88
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
718
64.00
1.70
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
719
92.50
2.54
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
720
75.00
1.65
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
721
60.00
1.45
Alive
9
Cornus sericea
3
62.00
0.55
Dead
9
Taxodium sp.
722
71.00
1.47
Alive
A -19

Appendix A -1. (concluded)
Section
Species
ID#
754
July 1997
October 1997
Height
Root collar diameter
Alive /dead
9
Taxodium sp.
723
64.00
1.14
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
724
74.00
1.84
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
725
72.75
2.13
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
726
Dead
Dead
Dead
9
Taxodium sp.
727
79.00
1.80
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
728
82.50
2.35
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
729
68.00
2.14
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
730
81.00
1.70
Alive
9
Taxodium sp.
731
66.25
1.28
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
732
72.00
2.20
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
733
68.00
1.89
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
734
76.00
1.94
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
735
81.00
1.60
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
736
63.75
1.50
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
737
68.50
1.35
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
738
64.50
1.75
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
739
73.00
1.88
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
740
69.75
1.71
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
741
75.50
2.21
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
742
72.75
2.12
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
743
80.00
1.90
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
744
56.50
1.60
Alive
10
Aronia arbutifolia
1
47.75
0.74
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
921
66.50
1.60
Alive
10
Aronia arbutifolia
2
64.50
0.81
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
922
50.50
0.94
Alive
10
Quercus sp.
1
48.25
0.94
Alive
10
Cornus sp.
2
38.25
0.64
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
923
68.50
0.75
Alive
10
Taxodium sp.
924
Dead
Dead
Dead
Total Number of Trees Tagged at Baseline (July 1997)
810
Number of Trees Alive at Baseline (July 1997)
754
Number of Trees Alive in October 1997
739
Average Height (July 1997)
62.73
AVerage Root Collar Diam. (July 1997)
1.49
A -20

APPENDIX B
CHARACTERISTIC PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE
DURING 1997

•
Photo 1.
Photo 2.
Iv
It
I
Ih 1. - .- - .��,� ��•�.�
View of Upper Lake looking northeast toward transect A showing
established soft - stemed bulrush (Scirpus validus) and pickerelweed
(Pontederia cordata). September 1997
I,f.�.1Mii�4';��.r l i.TlA . _ ,. .. .. ...ltl.'!J. �I •� •4�.3,. w... ..
View of Upper Lake terrace near transect C looking northeast, showing
area established with arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia). September 1997
B -1

�`.. � ..L e.: �'F•g �4E, - _ ' �fl.w.... .. idly � " sx; ...�CY� l� -�tc� �M
�• 4 lii s — �' _
' _��; � @1i�er`...,:���,+;�v�\ Its -. r�(��.l��t' l� -��''��� > J�rx •�, ,�j`N[� � 7� ', —_
r-
Mpg
.t +
°Y
Photo 3. View of Upper Lake wetland terrace near Transect H looking southeast
showing an area dominated by pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata).
September 1997
1�1
Photo 4
•
� 6
t
v
A6
View looking southeast toward the dam showing the northeastern ends
of transects A and B. Planted clumps of arrowhead (Sagittaria
lancifolia) are visable. September 1997
M

0
Photo 5
•
Photo 6
•
jjJjJJ11 J -
�i
View of transect K looking north showing a band of planted
pickerelweed and arrowhead between the shore and a preservation
parcel of soft rush (Juncus effusus). September 1997
�r T
3�' ^" • . 7111
�� rf �'•s' A �l � .f ' �r • T�':r �i4 r�l _y .ti+ 1 '�� +: t RA -aP��. � ?.� �iz ,� '�R�l ���� ��{t ....
'Wke!
1 - �- _ + _.r _ r it �_ % _ ,.i.�"x�• . r' PkIl 7f.
View looking northwest at the wetland terrace between transects F and
G showing primarily pickerelweed with soft rush and cypress
(Taxodium spp.) trees in the background. September 1997
IN

,fir• v« I r
'f k. -: ty1F��:I� i`'S -.' 3 ��i'�►!"� �'! ac , {�-' j!! -- � 1� .: t' ,'. � � .
&Wf
11ii rho � ��
1�l.� � �fit�� 1!, �a.t 1��1 {. tli.:ir�i� -t. b � -`; 'r•G3y iR It R�'I�i t � ij- v` � '/
}, It
VAN,-
,�^ A � !� r'°�!.s- • � !t ` .ii•t• Vii".
�-� �r �''� <<,� F.ti- aj,�iA;�7 %` ' a *��,.i! ��•'9+J + � ,^'� ' +����rF �=*�:`: I� �_I ,f' !," t
�Ij"`, •O'!'•f _ ��) • �` i -f �v`. �` i. "�.'s5'y Ip� °}•.`r r. ` °�is. \?, �.�: _' \� \ -� -,/�- �`
�A? 1'
:�;a�•• .jam 1
.c- I0.a...��,.att.�,•Z.za�r.c _-_.- ... �_rC- 7%l °•+�
t
f
•L
r� t f.• I��Ll�� i- � i i
rig

r1
u
Photo 9.
r1
LJ
Photo 10.
•
ANA47
View along transect C looking north showing an area with cypress
(Taxodium spp.) trees and a mixed marsh dominated by soft rush
(Juncus effusus). September 1997
View along transect C looking south showing wetland terrace of Upper
Lake dominated by a diverstiy of marsh species. September 1997
B -5

APPENDIX C
1997 DATA FROM THE WL -40 SEMI - CONTINUOUS WATER LEVEL
RECORDERS AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX

NOTES
1. Daily rainfall totals presented in the following figures are from a rain gauge located at
Landfall.
2. Dotted line on the following figures represents 12- inches below the ground surface
(represented by a solid line). The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers criterion for wetland
hydrology requires saturation (water table) within 12- inches of the ground surface for
at least 12.5 percent of the growing season. Areas with saturation between 5.0 and
12.5 percent of the growing season are sometimes wetland and require a closer
evaluation of the vegetation and soil.
3. The WL -40 semi - continuous monitors recorded water table readings to the nearest 0.1
inch, and were programmed to record water table readings every hour and a half.
Readings taken are displayed on the figures.
4. The WL -40 semi - continuous water level recorders were affected by a film of apparent
iron deposits on the probes. This residue resulted in water wicking above the actual
water level in some situations. Probes were cleaned and coated with "Rain V, but this
did not eliminate the problem. Cleaning did help but only for a short period. This false
reading indicated that water levels were generally 1 to 8 inches higher than true
readings. True readings were determined visually with a tape measure and are depicted
on the figures with a "A ". Attempts to reduce this build -up of deposits were not
effective. Readings reported in this report reflect actual WL -40 measurements. No
modifications to the data were incorporated. Even if 8 inches were subtracted from all
WL -40 readings, the wells would still exhibit wetland hydrology for over 12.5 percent
of the growing season.
5. The storm surge associated with hurricane Fran resulted in the destruction of WL -40
number 6.
C -1

4.9
4.2
y
° 3.5
L
U
_C
2.8
m
c
ca 2.1
CC
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
January 1997
0 1. . . . .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
25
20
15
v
10 0
h
5
0 °C
-5
m
-10
-15 C7
co
-20 —
5
-25 ?
co
-30 A
-35
-40
C -2
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
February 1997
25
20
4.9
15
�
4.2
10
CD
5
r•
(1)
=
3.5
0
°
U
-5
m
—
2.8
1
co
-10
–1
........................................................................._................_...._....,..............................................................................................................................................................
2.1
..................... ..........
-15
CD
-20
1.4
-25
0
m
-30
y
0.7
LA
-35
0
1 2
3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28
40
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -2

4.9
4.2
L
3.5
U
G_
2.8
w
G
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
March 1997
0 1 '
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
25
20
15
v
10 C°
5 3
0 0C
-5
CD
-10
-15 Cr
m
-20
-25
CD
-30
-35
-40
C -3
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
April 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
CD
5
S
s
3.5
0
0
U
c
2.8
5
CD
........................... .... ................................. ................. ..... ........ ...........
-10
--1
2.1
_
15
6
OC
-20
�•
1.4
25
0
m
30
0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 25 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -3

C -4
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
May 1997
25
W-1(S12701)
20
4.9
25
15
0
20
4.2
4.9
10
co
•
5
s
r+
3.5
10
0
�
•
5
�
C)
0
O
�*
=
2.8
CD
-5
CD
m
-10
--1
2.1
–1
m
-15
CD
cc
CD
-20
--
1.4
-
-25
1.4
-25
S
m
y
CD
V
-30
0.7
0.7
-35
0
-40
LL
1 2
3 a 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
0
DATE
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 28 27 28 29 30
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -4
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
June 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
-a
•
5
y
3.5
0
O
L
c
-5
CD
=
2.8
-10
–1
m
c
.@
21
CD
cc
-20
-
1.4
-25
S
CD
V
-30
0.7
-35
LL
40
0
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 28 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -4

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
August 1997
25
20
4.9
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
15
0
July 1997
25
CD
4.2
10
20
4.9
•
15
5
.+
4.2
10
CD
0
5
U
ai
3.5
0
d
-C
-5
CD
m
°+
c
—
2.8
ca
-5
fD
m
CD
-10
--1
16
2.1
-15
m
1.4
-20
-25
1.4
25
0
m
N
-30
-30
0.7
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 4 8 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
August 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
CD
4.2
10
'0
•
5
.+
3.5
s
0
U
d
c
2.8
-5
CD
m
10
—I
ca
CD
-20
1.4
-25
zr
cD
N
-30
0.7
0 "
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -5
-35
-40

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
October 1997
25
20
4.9
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
15
September 1997
co
25
10
20
4.9
A
15
0
4.2
10
CD
0
0
A
5
+
3.5
0
s
N
c
— 2.8
-5
CD CD
m
ia 2.1
C
=
2.8
-10
-5
•°+
CD
_
-10
—1
1.4
2.1
m
=r
CD
-20
1.4
-25
n
-30
0.7
CD
y
0.7
-30
t]
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 I1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
October 1997
25
20
4.9
15
co
4.2
10
A
5
-C 3.5
0
0
U
N
c
— 2.8
-5
CD CD
m
ia 2.1
-10
—1
OC
-20
-
1.4
-25
=r
CD
N
-30
0.7
0 . -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 it 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth NRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -6
-35
-40

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
November 1997
25
20
4.9
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
15
December 1997
CD
4.2
10
'a
20
•
5
..
3.5
15
4.2
0
CD
-a
U
•
5
47
c
= 2.8
3.5
-5
CD CD
Ca
y-
-C
-10
--1
01
2.1
......... .......... .... ........
......... . .. .......... _ ...
-15
CD
-10
20
C
0
1.4
_15
-25
n
rn
-20
W
0.7
30
0 "
1 2 3 0 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 20 25 28 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
-35
-40
C -7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-1(S12701)
December 1997
25
20
4.9
15
4.2
10
CD
-a
•
5
f
0'i
a
3.5
0
-C
<
c
=
2.8
-5
•°+
-10
--1
C
0
2.1
_15
6
co
c_
-20
1.4
-25
m
-30
0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall • True Measurement
C -7

4.9
4.2
ai 3.5
t
U
C
= 2.8
cc
c 21
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
January 1997
0 In ■ ■ 8 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth NRainfall A True Measurement
25
20
15 0
CD
10 '0
5 .«
0
0
d
-5 0
-10 v
-15
CD
-20
0
-25
CD
-30 N
-35
-40
C -8
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
February 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
'o
5
ayi
r
3.5
0
c
-5
=
2.8
CD CD
2.1
-15
-20
CD
1.4
-25
0
m
30
0.7
-35
0
1 2
3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26
40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall • True Measurement
C -8

4.9
4.2
ayi 3.5
t
U
2.8
Ca
w-
M 2.1
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
March 1997
0 1
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
25
20
15 0
rn
10 -o
s
5 0
0
d
-5
CD
-10 —1
v
-15
CD
-20
n
-25
CD
-30 f/7
35
40
NR
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
April 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
co
a
5
h
y
3.5
0
O
n'
c
-5
=
2.8
CD
-10
--
•1-
2.1
.............. ......_...._ ... ....._... .. ._........_.. ........._ ................_
- 15
0
—
co
-20
1.4
-25
co
-30
y
0.7
-35
O
-40
1 2 3 l 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
NR

C -10
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
25
W-8(S12712)
20
4.9
May 1997
25
p
4.2
20
CD
°
4.9
15
p
a
3.5
0
co
s
4.2
10
-o
5
S
s
3.5
0
0
.-
-10
--
7
2.1
......... ........... _.. ..._......._.....
15
°+
c
-5
CD
2.8
-25
CD
co
10
--1
•6
2.1
-30
0.7
m
OC
-20
-
1.4
-25
�•
n
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
CD
DATE
-30
v
0.7
—Water Table Depth ORainfall • True Measurement
-35
0
-40
1
2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -10
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
June 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
CD
°
5
r«
a
3.5
0
s
°1
c
=
2.8
-5
m
CD
.-
-10
--
7
2.1
......... ........... _.. ..._......._.....
15
m
cc--
-20
1.4
-25
m
N
-30
0.7
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth ORainfall • True Measurement
C -10

C -11
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
i
W-8(S12712)
July 1997
25
25
20
20
4.9
4.9
15
4.2
15
10
4.2
•
5
S
.+
ai
=
3.5
0
U
y
c
�–
2.8
.+
-5
-.
cc
0
-10
–1
cc
2.1
-5
-15
C
-20
_
1.4
-25
°
—1
=
0.7
O
-30
....
.._...._ .. ........................................... ..... _
-15
m
-35
-20
1.4
0
1 2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2s 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
n
m
DATE
-30
y
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
C -11
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
August 1997
25
20
4.9
15
4.2
10
CD
5
.+
-C
3.5
0
E
-5
m
2.8
-10
—1
.... ....... ........._
d
O
2.1
....
.._...._ .. ........................................... ..... _
-15
m
-20
1.4
-25
n
m
-30
y
0.7
-35
0
1 2 3 6
5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 19 17 18 19 20 21 32 23 U 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -11

C -12
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
September 1997
25
25
20
20
4.9
4.9
15
4.2
15
10
4.2
10
CD
a
A
5
5
S
-C
3.5
0
0
0
0
_5
C
-5
•°*
=
01
c
5
m
—
2.8
—I
2.1
�a
-15
CD
10
--1
_
-20
1.4
•iB
2.1
�•
n
15
CD
CD
-30
w
20
0.7
1.4
-25
0
m
-35
-30
y
0 .7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-35
DATE
0
1 2 3 < 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28
-40
29 30
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -12
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
October 1997
25
20
4.9
15
4.2
10
5
-C
3.5
0
0
_5
C
-5
•°*
=
2.8
Ta
-10
—I
2.1
-15
CD
oC-�
-20
1.4
-25
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n
CD
-30
w
0.7
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -12

C -13
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S127112)
November 1997
25
20
4.9
15
�
4.2
10
CD
4.2
10
s
5
t
3.5
0
0
0
L)
3.5
-5
�+
=
2.8
CD
-10
Ca
-5
CD
C...............
2.1
......... ....... _
15
m
-20
=3'
m
1.4
-25
=r
75
2.1
-15
CD
-30
"
cc
0.7
^
-35
1.4
-25
0
1 2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30
-40
CD
DATE
v
—Water Table Depth ORainfall A True Measurement
-30
C -13
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W-8(S12712)
December 1997
25
20
4.9
15
�
co
4.2
10
a
5
0
ai
3.5
0
t
C
-5
CD
=
2.8
m
y
75
2.1
-15
—
m
cc
^
-20
1.4
-25
CD
v
-30
0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -13

4.9
4.2
ayi 3.5
J=
U
c 28
Ta
•ia 2.1
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
February 1997
0'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 it 12 13 14 15 15 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -14
25
20
15 0
CD
10 v
5 �+
O
0
-5
CD
-10 --1
m
-15
CID
-20
n
-25 m
cn
-30
-35
-40
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
January 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
a
5
s
1+
N
3.5
well installed 14 January
O
s
0
U
c
-5
y
—
2.8
CD CD
-10
--1
co
2.1
............ ......... ...................... ................ . .........
-15
a7
m
-20
1.4
-25
°
m
y
0.7
-30
-35
0
1
2 3 4 5 9 7 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 29 30 31
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
4.9
4.2
ayi 3.5
J=
U
c 28
Ta
•ia 2.1
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
February 1997
0'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 it 12 13 14 15 15 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -14
25
20
15 0
CD
10 v
5 �+
O
0
-5
CD
-10 --1
m
-15
CID
-20
n
-25 m
cn
-30
-35
-40

C -15
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
March 1997
25
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
•°
5
s
'+
s
3.5
5
3.5
0
0
-C
C
—
C
—
2.8
-5
-5
1+
CD CD
CO
-10
10
-1
•ia
2.1
-15
-15
cc
20
-20
1.4
1.4
-25
-25
CD
v
CD
Ch
-30
-30
0.7
0.7
-35
-35
0
0
-40
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 it 12 13 1. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2a 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
C -15
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
April 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
s
5
3.5
0
0
-C
C
—
2.8
-5
•+
CD
m
-10
–1
2.1
-15
m
20
n
1.4
-25
n
CD
v
-30
0.7
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -15

C -16
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
May 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
co
4.2
10
5
3.5
5
r+
m
3.5
0
t
-5
C
U
2.8
CD
-5
CD
=
2.8
-15
d
�
m
oC
-10
-I
2.1
__. ......... .........
15
a
m
F,
CD
OC
-20
-
1.4
-25
�•
0
m
-35
0
-30
m
0.7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
-35
0
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth ORainfall • True Measurement
C -16
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
June 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
m
0
5
3.5
0
0
c
-5
—
2.8
-10
-i
• c
c
2.1
-15
d
�
m
oC
-20
-
1.4
-25
a
m
y
-30
0.7
-35
0
-40
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -16

C -17
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
July 1997
25
25
20
20
4.9
4.9
15
p
4.2
15
p
co
co
4.2
5
10
3.5
�
-C
0
c
5
..+
t
3.5
2.8
-,
0
U
c
2.1
-15
-5
p�
1+
2.8
-20
CD CD
-25
-10
CD
y
-30
•@
2.1
0.7
....
_ .._...._ ._....
-15
-35
20
CD
1.4
-25
n
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
CD
-30
0.7
-35
0
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -17
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
August 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
co
5
'+
3.5
�
-C
0
c
-5
m
2.8
-,
10
.G
ca
2.1
-15
m
-20
1.4
-25
CD
y
-30
0.7
-35
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -17

C -18
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
25
W -11 (S115A4)
20
4.9
September 1997
25
15
p
4.2
10
co
'o
20
4.9
5
3.5
15
0
0
4.2
10
CD
'D
°+
c
2.8
-5
CD
5
3.5
H
F
0
0
c
5
°7
m
_
2.8
1.4
-25
To
10
—1
-30
0.7
2.1
-15
m
ru
-35
p
r
-40
-20
..
1.4
DATE
-25
�•
:r
—Water Table Depth =Rainfall ♦ True Measurement
cn
30
0.7
-35
0
1 2 3 4
5 9 7 9 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 19 17 19 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 29 27 29 29 30
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
C -18
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
October 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
co
'o
5
3.5
0
0
°+
c
2.8
-5
CD
-10
H
F
2.1
rn
cc
-20
—
1.4
-25
0
m
-30
0.7
-35
p
r
-40
1 2 3 4 5 9 7 5 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 19 17 19 19 20 21 22 23 20 25 29 27 29 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth =Rainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -18

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
November 1997
4.9
4.2
(D 3.5
r
U
c
Ca
c 2.1
1.4
0.7
0 11 1 -
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -11 (S115A4)
December 1997
4.9
4.2
ayi 3.5
t
U
C
= 2.8
CO
-FO C 21
CC
1.4
0.7
0 - - -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -19
25
20
15 p
CD
10 0
5 .«
0
0
m
-5
CD
1
-10 —I
G7
-15
CD
-20
-25
CD
-30 y
-35
-40
25
20
15 p
CD
10 -a
5 ..
0
0
v
-5
CD
-10 --1
d
-15
-20
n
-25 m
N
-30
-35
-40

C -20
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
January 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
T
3.5
A
well installed 14 January
5
0
r«
C
U
c
3.5
-5
fl7
2.8
0
-, CD
M
-10
--
—
2.1
.......... ........
-15
10
CD
-20
1.4
-25
n
cc
-20
CD
1.4
30
n
m
0.7
-35
v
0.7
0
1
2 7 6 9 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 I4 15 16 17 18 19 20 31 32 23 26 26 38 2] 38 29 30 31
-40
DATE
0
—Water Table Depth ORainfall ♦ True Measurement
-40
C -20
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
February 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
4.2
10
CD
5
.«
3.5
0
U
c
-5
p>
—
2.8
10
2.1
-15
cc
-20
CD
1.4
-25
n
m
-30
v
0.7
-35
0
1 2 3 4 S 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 19 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -20

C -21
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
March 1997
25
25
20
4.9
-
15
p
4.2
10
co
4.2
10
'+
y
3.5
0
O
5
..
in
3.5
0
CD
t
2.8
C
5
CD
2.8
...............................
15
CD
cc
-10
--1
2.1
__...._... _ _
15
m
OC
-20
-
1.4
-25
m
-35
-30
0.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 20 21 22 27 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
-35
DATE
0
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
C -21
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
April 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
10
co
a
5
'+
y
3.5
0
O
.°c
C
-5
CD
=
2.8
cc
r.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-10
--
2.1
...............................
15
CD
cc
-20
--
1.4
-25
-30
co
v
0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 20 21 22 27 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall • True Measurement
C -21

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
May 1997
4.9
4.2
3.5
-C
Q 28
c 2.1
1.4
0.7
0
1 2 3 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
4.9
4.2
m 3.5
L
c 2.8
M
c 21
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
June 1997
0 1 . . .
1 2 3 / 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 if 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -22
25
20
15 p
co
10
5 0
0
v
5 m
-10 --
-15
m
-20
0
-25 m
-30 N
35
40
25
20
15 p
co
10 -o
5 r+
0
0
-5
CD
-10 __q
-15 °
CD
-20
0
-25
CD
CD
-30
-35
-40

4.9
4.2
Q 3.5
L
U
C
_= 2.8
co
2.1
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
July 1997
0 ' '
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S1 26F3)
August 1997
4.9
4.2
ayi 3.5
-C
U
C
= 2.8
M
N--
c
.............................. ...............................
21
1.4
0.7
0
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 it 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall A True Measurement
C -23
25
20
15 p
co
10 a
5 r+
0
0
d
-5
CD
-10 --
-15
CD
-20
0
-25 m
y
-30
-35
-40
25
20
15 0
CD
10 0
5 .«
0
0
d
-5
CD
1
-10 --1
-15
CD
-20
n
-25
CD
N
-30
-35
-40

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
October 1997
4.9
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
a`hi 3.5
t
September 1997
c
2.8
25
c
Ca 21
20
cc
4.9
0.7
15
p
4.2
10
co
5
.*
3.5
0
o
L
U
C
5
2.8
c(D
-10
--1
Z
2.1
_ _.......
15
co
cc
-20
—
1.4
-25
0
30
CD
0.7
-35
0
-40
1 2 3 < S 8 7 B 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 26 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
October 1997
4.9
4.2
a`hi 3.5
t
U
c
2.8
Ca
c
Ca 21
cc
1.4
0.7
0 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -24
25
20
15
co
10
s
5 r+
0
0
d
-5
CD
-10 --
-15
CD
-20 3
0
-25 m
N
-30
-35
-40

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S1 26F3)
November 1997
4.9
4.2
3.5
3.5
t
U
c
28
CO
. ............................
. . _
c
....._._..___.._ .._ ............................
21
1.4
1.4
0.7
0 '
1 2 3 f 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth ORainfall ♦ True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -14 (S126F3)
December 1997
4.9
4.2
3.5
t
U
C
2.8
To
C
C
. ............................
. . _
.ia 21
cc
1.4
0.7
0 -
1 2 3 l 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -25
25
20
15 p
CD
10 -0
5 .�
0
0
d
-5
CD
-10 --1
m
-15
CD
-20
0
-25 �
N
-30
-35
-40
25
20
15 0
co
10 -0
5 .+
0
0
v
-5
-10 —1
m
-15
CD
-20
-25
CD
-30 N
-35
-40

4.9
4.2
ai 3.5
t
U
c
:.. 2.8
m
•Z6 2.1
cc
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
January 1997
0 1. .
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall ♦ True Measurement
25
20
15 0
co
10 -0
5 r+
0
0
-5
CD
-10 --
-15
CD
-20
A
-25 m
1n
-30
-35
-40
C -26
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271F)
February 1997
25
20
4.9
15
0
CD
4.2
10
-0
5
..
3.5
0
U
♦
y
c
5
2.8
-10
-i
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CD
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ ......... . . . . . .
15
m
tr
20
1.4
A
-25
CD
- 30
0.7
-35
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28
40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
C -26

m
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
March 1997
25
W -18 (S1271 F)
20
4.9
25
15
0
20
4.2
4.9
10
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m
y
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y
0.7
0.7
-35
0
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
40
DATE
0
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
m
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
April 1997
25
20
4.9
15
4.2
10
CD
5
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3.5
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0
0
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0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth NRainfall • True Measurement
m

C -28
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
May 1997
25
25
20
4.9
15
p
4.2
-
10
CD
-0,
4.2
10
5
r«
s
3.5
5
.+
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3.5
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0
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c
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=
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=
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CD
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1.4
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m
0.7
-35
v
0
t
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-40
DATE
-35
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
40
C -28
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
June 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
CD
4.2
10
5
.+
CD
3.5
0
r
0
c
-5
fD
=
2.8
cc
-10
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2.1
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-20
1.4
-25
m
30
v
0.7
-35
40
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -28

4.9
4.2
m 3.5
L
0
C
2.8
ca
a 2.1
cc
1.4
0.7
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
July 1997
0'
1 2 3 • 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall A True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
August 1997
0 1.
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -29
25
20
15 p
rn
10 a
5 '+
0
0
d
-5
CD
CD
-10 --
-15 E
CD
-20
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CD
-30
-35
-40
25
20
15 p
CD
10 -0
5 .+
0
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-15 a
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CD
-30 Cl)
-35
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4.9
4.2
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c
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............................... ...............................
•i6
2.1
cr
1.4
0.7
0 1.
1 2 3 ♦ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -29
25
20
15 p
rn
10 a
5 '+
0
0
d
-5
CD
CD
-10 --
-15 E
CD
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25
20
15 p
CD
10 -0
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0
N
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CD
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-15 a
CD
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-25
CD
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-35
-40

C -30
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
September 1997
25
25
20
4.9
15
p
CD
4.2
10
s
5
t
3.5
0
0
s
U
N
c
�=
2.8
•
-5
CD CD
Co
-10
--1
.......................... ......... .................................................. ....... ................. .. ........................... .. ........ ........ .......
2.1
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15
°—
i6
co
cc
20
1.4
-25
CD
-30
`=
0.7
-35
r
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 8 7 8 9 10 it 12 17 I4 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 25 28 R7 28 29 30
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth WRainfall • True Measurement
C -30
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
October 1997
25
20
4.9
15
p
CD
4.2
10
s
5
3.5
0
0
s
c
2.8
-5
CD
-10
—I
.......................... ......... .................................................. ....... ................. .. ........................... .. ........ ........ .......
2.1
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_15
g
i6
m
cc
-20
1.4
-25
-30
0.7
-35
r
p
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31
-40
DATE
—Water Table Depth =Rainfall • True Measurement
C -30

Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
November 1997
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
December 1997
4.9
4.2
ai 3.5
t
U
C
2.8
Ca
•ia 2.1
o=
1.4
0.7
0 1.
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -31
25
20
15 p
CD
10
5 r+
0
0
d
-5
CD
CD
-10 __q
-15
CD
-20 =
0
-25 m
-30
-35
-40
25
20
15 p
CD
10 a
5 '+
0
0
-5
-10
-15
CD
-20
n
-25
-30 y
-35
-40
4.9
4.2
3.5
L
U
C
2.8
m
c
Ca
21
cc
1.4
0.7
0
1 2 3 ♦ 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
Landfall Horseshoe Lake
W -18 (S1271 F)
December 1997
4.9
4.2
ai 3.5
t
U
C
2.8
Ca
•ia 2.1
o=
1.4
0.7
0 1.
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31
DATE
—Water Table Depth MRainfall ♦ True Measurement
C -31
25
20
15 p
CD
10
5 r+
0
0
d
-5
CD
CD
-10 __q
-15
CD
-20 =
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-25 m
-30
-35
-40
25
20
15 p
CD
10 a
5 '+
0
0
-5
-10
-15
CD
-20
n
-25
-30 y
-35
-40

APPENDIX D
RESULTS OF VEGETATION SAMPLING DURING SEPTEMBER 1997
AT THE HORSESHOE LAKE COMPLEX

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