NC0064378_Draft Permit_20230418

ROY COOPER
Governor
ELIZABETH S. BISER
Secretary
RICHARD E. ROGERS, JR.
Director
Mr. Tony Konsul
Carolina Water Service, Inc. of NC
4944 Parkway Plaza Blvd, Suite 375
Charlotte, NC 28217
Dear Permittee:
SATe
NORTH CAROLINA
Environmental Quality
April 19, 2023
Subject: Draft NPDES Permit NCO064378
Willowbrook WWTP
Grade WW-2 Biological WPCS
Wake County
The Division has reviewed your request to renew the subject permit. Enclosed with this letter is a copy
of the draft permit for your facility. Please review this draft carefully to ensure your thorough
understanding of the information, conditions, and requirements it contains.
The draft permit includes the following significant changes from the existing permit:
➢ Ammonia limits have been recalculated for the 0.03 MGD flow phase. In July 2016 the NPDES
program began implementation of revised ammonia criteria based upon the potential for toxic
impacts from ammonia [see attached memorandum]. Previously, some 100% domestic
discharges were allowed to choose an effluent toxicity test instead of an ammonia limit. That
option is no longer available. As those permits are received for renewal (or major modification),
ammonia limits will be calculated as per the 2016 memo and implemented. The effluent toxicity
test will be removed, as it was only in those permits in lieu of an ammonia limit. The ammonia
limits will take effect in 2028 to allow your facility time to make any necessary modifications to
meet the limits
➢ A reopener condition for the Neuse River has been added at Part I. A. (4).
➢ Electronic data submission requirements have been updated.
Beddingfield Creek is listed as an impaired stream on North Carolina's 303 (d) list. Currently, the
stream does not meet all water quality standards. If the limitations in the current permits for facilities
discharging to Beddingfield Creek do not result in improved water quality, removal of discharges may
be necessary for the health of the stream.
We will continue to monitor compliance at your facility. If noncompliance with your permit's effluent
limits is shown to be a direct cause of stream degradation, the Division will recommend removal of your
facility's discharge.
Part III of your permit requires you to "continually evaluate all wastewater disposal alternatives and
pursue the most environmentally sound alternative of the reasonably cost-effective alternatives" to
D � ��� North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality I Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street 1 1617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
NOHIH CAHOLINh 919.707.9000
O.""M of Em1;; al Owl

Page 2 of 2
NPDES Permit NCO064378
surface water discharge. Such an evaluation may help you find an alternative to surface water discharge
that is more appropriate for your facility.
The NPDES standard conditions (Parts II, III, and IV) that are a part of the permit are not included in
this draft document (cover, map, and Part I). The conditions are the same as in your current permit
except that agency and division names have been updated. The latest version is available at
https://bit.ly/3k5NFaL and can be viewed online or downloaded as a PDF file.
With this notification, the Division will solicit public comment on this draft permit by publishing a
notice in newspapers having circulation in the general Wake County area, per EPA requirements. Please
provide your comments, if any, to me at the e-mail address below no later than 30 days after
receiving this draft permit.
Following the 30-day public comment period, the Division will review all pertinent comments and take
appropriate action prior to issuing a final permit.
If you have questions concerning the draft, please contact me at charles.weaverkncdenr.gov.
Sincerely,
Environmental Specialist II
NPDES Compliance and Expedited Permitting

Permit NCO064378
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards and
regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, and the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Carolina Water Service, Inc. of NC
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at the
Willowbrook Subdivision WWTP
3623 Willow Tree Lane
Clayton
Wake County
to receiving waters designated as an unnamed tributary to Beddingfield Creek in the Neuse River Basin in
accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts I, II, III, and
IV hereof.
This permit shall become effective.
This permit and authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on March 31, 2028.
If the permittee intends to continue to discharge at the facility beyond the term of this permit, a renewal
application must be submitted no later than October 3, 2027 (180 days before the expiration of this
permit).
Signed this day
Richard E. Rogers, Jr., Director
Division of Water Resources
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Page 1 of 11

Permit NC0064378
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
All previous NPDES Permits issued to this facility, whether for operation or discharge are hereby revoked. As of this permit
issuance, any previously issued permit bearing this number is no longer effective. Therefore, the exclusive authority to
operate and discharge from this facility arises under the permit conditions, requirements, terms, and provisions included
herein.
Carolina Water Service, Inc. of NC
is hereby authorized to:
Continue to operate an existing 0.03 MGD wastewater treatment system that includes the following
components:
• Bar screen
• Surge Tank — 7,500 gallons
• Diffused aeration basin — 36,000 gallons
• Clarifier — 11,000 gallons
• Cloth media tertiary filters
• UV disinfection system
• Back up chlorination and dichlorination system
• Sludge holding tank — 5,000 gallons
This facility is located northwest of Clayton (3623 Willow Tree Lane) at the Willowbrook
Subdivision WWTP in Wake County.
2. After receiving an Authorization to Construct permit from the Division, construct and operate
additional treatment units for treatment of up to 0.06 MGD of wastewater, and
Discharge from said treatment works at the location specified on the attached map into an unnamed
tributary to Beddingfield Creek, currently classified C-NSW waters in sub -basin 03-04-02, Stream
Index 27-37 [HUC: 030202011103], in the Neuse River Basin.
Page 2 of 11

Permit NCO064378
Part I
Grade WW-2 Water Pollution Control System [15A NCAC 08G.0302]
A. (1.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS — 0.03 MGD
[15A NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until expansion above 0.03 MGD
or expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from outfall 001. Such discharges shall be limited,
monitored, and reported' by the Permittee as specified below:
EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
LIMITS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Daily
Measurement
Sample
Sample
Parameter Code
Average
Maximum
Frequency
Type
Location2
Flow 50050
0.03 MGD -7
Continuous
Recording
Influent or
Effluent
Total Monthly Flow 82220
Monitor & Report
Monthly
Calculated
Effluent
BOD, 5-day (200C) C0310
15.0 mg/L
22.5 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
(April 1 — October 31
BOD, 5-day (200C) C0310
29.0 mg/L
43.5 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
November 1 — March 31
Total Suspended Solids C0530
30.0 mg/L
45.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
NH3 as N C0610
10.0 mg/L
35.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
A ril 1 — October 31
NH3 as N C0610
20.0 mg/L
35.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
November 1 — March 31
NH3 as N3 C0610
2.0 mg/L
10.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
A ril 1 — October 31
NH3 as N3 C0610
4.0 mg/L
20.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
November 1 — March 31
Dissolved Oxygen 00300
Daily average > 5.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
Fecal Coliform
200/100 ml
400/100 ml
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
(_geometric mean 31616
Total Residual Chlorine4 50060
17 pg/L
2/Week
Grab
Effluent
Temperature (°C) 00010
Daily
Grab
Effluent
pH 00400
>> 6.0 and < 9.0 Standard
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
Units
TKN (mg/L) 00625
Monitor & Report
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
NO2-N + NO3-N (mg/L) 00630
Monitor & Report
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
TN (mg/L)5 C0600
Monitor & Report
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
Monitor & Report
TN Load6 QM600
(pounds/month)
Monthly
Calculated
Effluent
QY600
Monitor & Report
Annually
Calculated
Effluent
(pounds/year)
Total Phosphorus C0665
Monitor & Report
2/Month
Grab
Effluent
Combined radium-226 & radium-2286
/I Cu 5 annual average)
p ( )
Quarterlys
Grab
Effluent
Ii503
Alpha emitters (including radium-226, but
15 (annual
/I Cul average)
p ( 9)
Quarterly-'
Grab
Effluent
excluding radon & uranium)6 82077
Page 3 of 11

Permit NCO064378
Beta emitters (gross beta activity; excluding
potassium-40 & other naturally occurring
radionuclides)' 03520
50 pCu/L (annual average)
Quarterly5
Grab
Effluent
Uranium' 22708
30 pg/L (weekly average) Quarterly' Grab
Effluent
Dissolved Oxygen 00300
Weekly
Grab
U & D
Temperature °C 00010
1
Weekly
Grab
I U & D
Footnotes:
1. The permittee shall submit discharge monitoring reports electronically using the Division's eDMR system
[see A. (6)].
2. U = at least 50 feet upstream from the outfall. D = at least 300 feet below the outfall.
3. Limits take effect l/l/2028.
4. Limit and monitoring requirements apply only if chlorine is used. The Division shall consider all effluent TRC
values reported below 50 µg/L to be in compliance with the permit. However, the Permittee shall continue to
record and submit all values reported by a North Carolina certified laboratory (including field certified), even
if these values fall below 50 lag/L.
5. For a given wastewater sample, TN = TKN + NO2-N + NO3-N, where TN is Total Nitrogen and TKN is Total
Kjeldahl Nitrogen, and NO3-N and NO2-N are Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen, respectively.
6. TN Load is the mass load of Total Nitrogen discharged in a given period of time [see A. (3)].
7. Sampling frequency will increase to monthly should any one sample exceed four times the average annual
activity level. The permittee shall notify the Raleigh Regional Office in writing, should this occur.
THERE SHALL BE NO DISCHARGE OF FLOATING SOLIDS OR VISIBLE FOAM IN OTHER THAN
TRACE AMOUNTS.
Page 4 of 11

Permit NCO064378
A. (2.) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS — 0.06 MGD
[15A NCAC 02B .0400 et seq., 02B .0500 et seq.]
During the period beginning upon expansion to 0.06 MGD and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized
to discharge from outfall 001. Such discharges shall be limited, monitored, and reported' by the Permittee as
specified below:
EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
LIMITS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Daily
Measurement
Sample
Sample
Parameter Code
Average
Maximum
Frequency
Type
Location2
Flow 50050
0.06 MGD
Continuous
Recording
Influent or
Effluent
Total Monthly Flow
Monitor & Report
Monthly
Calculated
Effluent
BOD, 5-day (200C) C0310
5.0 mg/L
7.5 mg/L
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
A ri1 1 — October 31
BOD, 5-day (200C) C0310
10.0 mg/L
15.0 mg/L
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
November 1 — March 31
Total Suspended Solids C0530
30.0 mg/L
45.0 mg/L
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
NH3 as N C0610
(April 1 — October 31
2.0 mg/L
10.0 mg/L
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
NH3 as N C0610
November 1 — March 31
4.0 mg/L
20.0 mg/L
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
Dissolved Oxygen 00300
Daily average > 5.0 mg/L
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
Fecal Coliform 31616
200/100 ml
400/100 ml
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
(geometric mean
Total Residual Chlorine3 50060
17 pg/L
2/Week
Grab
Effluent
Temperature (°C) 00010
Daily
Grab
Effluent
pH 00400
? 6.0 and < 9.0 Standard
Weekly
Grab
Effluent
Units
TKN (mg/L) 00625
Monitor & Report
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
Weekly
Effluent
NO2-N + NO3-N (mg/L) 00630
Monitor & Report
Composite
TN (mg/L)4 C0600
Monitor & Report
Weekly
Composite
Effluent
Monitor & Report
TN Loads QM600
(pounds/month)
Monthly
Calculated
Effluent
QY600
Monitor & Report
Annually
Calculated
Effluent
(pounds/year)
Total Phosphorus C0665
Monitor & Report
2/Month
Composite
Effluent
Combined radium-226 & radium-2286
5 pCu/1
Quarterly5
Grab
Effluent
11503
Alpha emitters (including radium-226, but
15 pCu/I
Quarter
Grab
Effluent
excluding radon & uranium) 82077
Beta emitters (gross beta activity; excluding
potassium-40 & other naturally occurring
50 pCu/L
Quarterly5
Grab
Effluent
radionuclides)6 03520
Uranium6 22708
30 pg/L Quarterly5 Grab
Effluent
Dissolved Oxygen 00300
Weekly
Grab
U & D
Temperature OC 00010
Weekly
Grab
U & D
Please see Footnotes to this table on the next page.
Page 5 of 11

Permit NCO064378
Footnotes:
1. The permittee shall submit discharge monitoring reports electronically using the Division's eDMR system
[see A. (6.)].
2. U = at least 50 feet upstream from the outfall. D = at least 300 feet below the outfall.
3. Limit and monitoring requirements apply only if chlorine is used. The Division shall consider all effluent TRC
values reported below 50 µg/L to be in compliance with the permit. However, the Permittee shall continue to
record and submit all values reported by a North Carolina certified laboratory (including field certified), even
if these values fall below 50 µg/L.
4. For a given wastewater sample, TN = TKN + NO2-N + NO3-N, where TN is Total Nitrogen and TKN is Total
Kjeldahl Nitrogen and NO3-N and NO2-N are Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen, respectively.
5. TN Load is the mass load of Total Nitrogen discharged in a given period of time [see A. (3.)].
6. Sampling frequency will increase to monthly should any one sample exceed four times the average annual
activity level. The permittee should notify the Raleigh Regional Office in writing, should this occur.
THERE SHALL BE NO DISCHARGE OF FLOATING SOLIDS OR VISIBLE FOAM IN OTHER THAN
TRACE AMOUNTS.
A. (3.) CALCULATION OF TOTAL NITROGEN LOADS
[G. S. 143-215.1(b)]
a. The Permittee shall calculate monthly and annual TN Loads as follows:
i. Monthly TN Load (pounds/month) = TN x TMF x 8.34
Where:
TN = average TN concentration (mg/L) of the composite samples collected during the
month
TMF = Total Monthly Flow of wastewater discharged during the month (MG/month)
8.34 = conversion factor, from (mg/L x MG) to pounds
ii. Annual TN Load (pounds/year) = Sum of the 12 Monthly TN Loads for the calendar year
b. The Permittee shall report monthly Total Nitrogen results (mg/L and pounds/month) in the discharge
monitoring report for that month and shall report each year's annual results (pounds/year) in the
December report for that year.
A. (4.) TOTAL NITROGEN ALLOCATIONS
[G.S. 143-215.1(b)]
a. The following table lists the Total Nitrogen (TN) allocation(s) assigned to, acquired by, or transferred to the
Permittee in accordance with the Neuse River nutrient management rule (T15A NCAC 02B .0713) and the
status of each as of permit issuance. For compliance purposes, this table does not supersede any TN limit(s)
established elsewhere in this permit or in the NPDES permit of a compliance association of which the
Permittee is a Co-Permittee Member.
Page 6 of 11

Permit NCO064378
ALLOCATION AMOUNT (1)
ALLOCATION TYPE
SOURCE
DATE
STATUS
Estuary
Discharge
(pounds/year)
(pounds/year)
Base
Assigned by Rule
12/7/1997;
607
1,213
Active
J15A NCAC 02B .0713)
4/1/2003
TOTAL
607
1,213
Active
Footnote:
1. Transport Factor = 50%
b. Any addition, deletion, or modification of the listed allocation(s) (other than to correct typographical
errors) or any change to Active status of any of the listed allocations shall be considered a major
modification of this permit and shall be subject to the public review process afforded such modifications
under state and federal rules.
A. (5) PERMIT RE -OPENER: NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
[NCGS 143-215.1 (b)]
a) Pursuant to N.C. General Statues Section 143-215.1 and implementing rules found in Title 15A of North
Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 0211, specifically, 15A NCAC 0211.0112(b)(1) and
02H.0114(a), and Part II, Sections B.12 and B.13. of this Permit, the Director of DWR may reopen this
permit to require nutrient management measures for the discharge. The results of water quality
monitoring, modelling or other evaluations may require that conditions for total nitrogen and total
phosphorus control be imposed on this permit.
b) The Division may, upon written notification to the permittee, re -open this permit in order to incorporate
or modify effluent limits, monitoring and reporting requirements, and other permit conditions when it
deems such action is necessary to implement TMDL(s) approved by the USEPA.
A. (6) ELECTRONIC REPORTING OF DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORTS
[NCGS 143-215.1 (b)]
Federal regulations require electronic submittal of all discharge monitoring reports (DMRs) and program
reports. The final NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule was adopted and became effective on December
21, 2015.
NOTE: This special condition supplements or supersedes the following sections within Part II of this
permit (Standard Conditions for NPDES Permits):
• Section B. (11.) Signatory Requirements
• Section D. (2.) Reporting
• Section D. (6.) Records Retention
• Section E. (5.) Monitoring Reports
1. Reporting Requirements [Supersedes Section D. (2.) and Section E. (5.) (a)l
Page 7 of 11

Permit NC0064378
The permittee shall report discharge monitoring data electronically using the NC DWR's Electronic
Discharge Monitoring Report (eDMR) internet application.
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and
submitted electronically using eDMR. The eDMR system allows permitted facilities to enter
monitoring data and submit DMRs electronically using the internet. The eDMR system may be
accessed at: https://deg.nc.aov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr.
If a permittee is unable to use the eDMR system due to a demonstrated hardship or due to the facility
being physically located in an area where less than 10 percent of the households have broadband
access, then a temporary waiver from the NPDES electronic reporting requirements may be granted
and discharge monitoring data may be submitted on paper DMR forms (MR 1, 1.1, 2, 3) or
alternative forms approved by the Director. Duplicate signed copies shall be submitted to the
following address:
NC DEQ / Division of Water Resources / Water Quality Permitting Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
See "How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting" section below.
Regardless of the submission method, the first DMR is due on the last day of the month following
the issuance of the permit or in the case of a new facility, on the last day of the month following the
commencement of discharge.
Starting on December 21, 2025, the permittee must electronically report the following compliance
monitoring data and reports, when applicable:
Sewer Overflow/Bypass Event Reports;
Pretreatment Program Annual Reports; and
Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 316 (b) Annual Reports.
The permittee may seek an electronic reporting waiver from the Division (see "How to Request a
Waiver from Electronic Reporting" section below).
2. Electronic Submissions
In accordance with 40 CFR 122.41(1)(9), the permittee must identify the initial recipient at the time
of each electronic submission. The permittee should use the EPA's website resources to identify the
initial recipient for the electronic submission.
Initial recipient of electronic NPDES information from NPDES-regulated facilities means the entity
(EPA or the state authorized by EPA to implement the NPDES program) that is the designated entity
for receiving electronic NPDES data [see 40 CFR 127.2 (b)].
Page 8 of 11

Permit NC0064378
EPA plans to establish a website that will also link to the appropriate electronic reporting tool for
each type of electronic submission and for each state. Instructions on how to access and use the
appropriate electronic reporting tool will be available as well. Information on EPA's NPDES
Electronic Reporting Rule is found at: https://www.federalre ig ster.gov/documents/2015/10/22/2015-
24954/national-pollutant-discharge-elimination-s. st�pdes-electronic-reporting-rule
Electronic submissions must start by the dates listed in the "Reporting Requirements" section above.
3. How to Request a Waiver from Electronic Reporting
The permittee may seek a temporary electronic reporting waiver from the Division. To obtain an
electronic reporting waiver, a permittee must first submit an electronic reporting waiver request to
the Division. Requests for temporary electronic reporting waivers must be submitted in writing to
the Division for written approval at least sixty (60) days prior to the date the facility would be
required under this permit to begin submitting monitoring data and reports. The duration of a
temporary waiver shall not exceed 5 years and shall thereupon expire. At such time, monitoring data
and reports shall be submitted electronically to the Division unless the permittee re -applies for and is
granted a new temporary electronic reporting waiver by the Division. Approved electronic reporting
waivers are not transferrable. Only permittees with an approved reporting waiver request may
submit monitoring data and reports on paper to the Division for the period that the approved
reporting waiver request is effective.
Information on eDMR and the application for a temporary electronic reporting waiver are found on
the following web page:
hLtp:Hdeq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr
4. Signatory Requirements [Supplements Section B. (11.) (b) and Supersedes Section B. (11.) (d)1
All eDMRs submitted to the permit issuing authority shall be signed by a person described in Part II,
Section B. (11.) (a) or by a duly authorized representative of that person as described in Part II,
Section B. (11.) (b). A person, and not a position, must be delegated signatory authority for eDMR
reporting purposes.
For eDMR submissions, the person signing and submitting the DMR must obtain an eDMR user
account and login credentials to access the eDMR system. For more information on North
Carolina's eDMR system, registering for eDMR and obtaining an eDMR user account, please visit
the following web page:
hqp:Hdeq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr
Certification. Any person submitting an electronic DMR using the state's eDMR system shall make
the following certification [40 CFR 122.22]. NO OTHER STATEMENTS OF CERTIFICATION
WILL BE ACCEPTED:
'7 certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
Page 9 of 11

Permit NCO064378
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information,
the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I
am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the
possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations. "
5. Records Retention [Supplements Section D. (6.)]
The permittee shall retain records of all Discharge Monitoring Reports, including eDMR
submissions. These records or copies shall be maintained for a period of at least 3 years from the
date of the report. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time [40 CFR
122.41].
Page 10 of 11

J
� I
-
� T
m Tr
Ur
..
lJf��
3--
II
+•'`•
/
�•
•�
; ti
V
353
iG•
ILGAROLINA STA`
R
rr
u LA
u Op
J
Carolina Water Service, Inc. of NC
Willowbrook WWTP
County: Wake Stream Class: C-NSW
Receiving Stream: UT to Beddingfield Creek Sub -Basin: 03-04-02
Latitude: 350 41' 08" Stream Index: 27-37
Longitude: 780 30' 01" HUC #: 030202011103
Facility -
x
Location
(not to scolel
RTH NPDES Permit NCO064378
as s�T—n