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DURHAM COUNTY UTILITIES DIVISION
MERCURY MINIMIZATION PLAN
April 1, 2023
SECTION I - PURPOSE
The purpose of this Mercury Minimization Plan ("MMP") is to describe best management
practices through which Durham County Utilities Division will seek to reduce the amount of
mercury discharged into its system and, ultimately, to the environment. The MMP compiles
mercury reduction -related efforts to -date and potential future action items. It is designed to be a
working document to help guide Durham County Utilities Division in its efforts to control mercury
loadings discharged into its Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) by users of the sewer
system. Such a reduction in loadings to the sewer system should translate to a reduction in the
amount of mercury which is discharged from the treatment plant.
SECTION II - FACILITY DESCRIPTION
Durham County operates a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), including a collection
system and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), that serves Research Triangle Park and
surrounding areas in Durham, North Carolina.
The Collection system consists of approximately one hundred and five (105) miles of gravity
sewer, eleven (11) miles of pressurized force mains, and thirteen (13) pump/lift stations.
The Triangle Wastewater Treatment Plant (TWWTP) is designed and permitted to treat twelve
million gallons per day (12MGD). The process consists of:
1. Fine screens — fine materials such as grit, sand, eggshells, etc. is removed and the organic
materials are washed off and used in the biological treatment process
2. Five Stage Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) System — all biological treatment occurs,
such as removing ammonia through nitrification and denitrification process to remove
phosphorous
3. Chemical Polishing — removes any phosphorous remaining by adding methanol to increase
the biological oxygen demand (BOD) to support the denitrification process
4. Clarifiers — biomass is separated from the treated wastewater and returned for further
treatment
5. Tertiary Filters — removes the remaining unsettled biomass
6. Ultraviolet Disinfection — removes disease causing bacteria without creating harmful by-
products
7. Reaeration — dissolved oxygen (DO) is added to the treated wastewater to meet permit
limits
8. Dewatering Facility — centrifuges remove water from the biosolids, biosolids are hauled
off -site to a composting facility
9. Reclaimed Water System — treated wastewater that can be reused for industrial cooling,
industrial process cleaning, landscape irrigation
Most treatment plants are not designed to remove mercury and it is exceedingly expensive to do
so to very low levels. Incidental mercury removal occurs through typical treatment with trace
levels of mercury (and other metals) ending up in solids removed from the raw wastewater.
Mercury is not used in the treatment processes at the WWTP. Mercury may be introduced into
the sewer system through a variety of sources, such as from industrial users, laboratories, and other
businesses. Residual deposits of mercury are also possible in the sewer system from historic
practices. Finally, trace amounts from household products and atmospheric deposition (both wet
and dry) contribute to sewer system mercury loadings.
While there is typically some mercury contributed to public sewer systems statewide, it is usually
in minute quantities and comprises a tiny portion of the already insignificant statewide loading for
all point sources - just two percent of the annual mercury loadings to all State waters.
Durham County's NPDES Permit NCO026051 contained a mercury limit for many years of 12.0
ng/L but was removed in the permit that became effective October 1, 2022. Removal from the
permit was based on Mercury TMDL evaluation showing no individual results exceeded the TBEL
of 47.0 ng/L and no annual average exceeded the WQBEL of 12.0 ng/L. Mercury will be tested
as part of the Long Term Monitoring Plan (LTMP) and the Priority Pollutant Scan.
Any wastewater containing mercury in concentrations greater than 142 ng/L as measured by EPA
Test Method 1631 and sampled by EPA Method 1669 will remain a prohibited discharge standard
in Section 26-96 of the Durham County Sewer Use Ordinance.
SECTION III - PROGRAM PLAN
A. EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL NON -DOMESTIC SOURCES CONTRIBUTING
MERCURY TO THE POTW
Within 24 months from the NPDES required 180-day period for development of an MMP, Durham
County Utilities Division will evaluate available information to assess the potential for non -
domestic users of the sewer system to contribute mercury to the system. The information to be
reviewed may include: (1) POTW influent and effluent mercury data and trends; (2) industrial user
permits and associated mercury monitoring data; (3) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI); (4) state
hazardous site registry and the National Priority List relating to mercury contamination; and (5)
historical records of industrial sites which have contributed mercury loadings to the sewer system.
Durham County will also survey and evaluate the following common sources of mercury in its
service area: (1) dentist offices; (2) hospitals; (3) laboratories; (4) auto recyclers; and (5) other
potential sources of mercury based on existing information.
Durham County will request that industrial users review mercury concentrations in high -volume
process chemicals and demonstrate that the mercury concentrations are below industry average.
Durham County will request that alternative sources for chemicals be explored if the mercury
levels are determined to be significantly higher than would normally be expected.
The evaluation of potential non -domestic sources of mercury to the sewer system will be updated
every five years, as warranted by prior sampling results and any additional new potentially
significant sources to the system.
B. ADDITIONAL CONTROL MEASURES
This MMP identifies reasonable and cost-effective control measures to minimize mercury being
discharged into the POTW. Below is a listing of initial BMPs for this POTW.
Pollution Prevention
Substances used at the WWTP will be evaluated to determine if they contain mercury or mercury -
based compounds. Any such chemicals will be evaluated for substitution with non -mercury -
containing substances.
Housekeeping, Spill Control and Collection, and Education
Durham County Utilities Division will develop procedures to minimize the possibility of any spill
or release at the WWTP involving mercury containing substances. Durham County will add
mercury identification and proper disposal to ongoing and future operator training procedures.
Durham County Utilities Division recycles fluorescent bulbs and continues to switch out bulbs to
LEDs when and where feasible.
Public Outreach
Durham County Utilities Division will make available educational information regarding sources
of household mercury and appropriate use/disposal practices. This information may be posted on
the Durham County Utilities Division's website. Durham County Utilities Division will also
facilitate public awareness regarding community collection points for mercury -containing
products from residents/customers for proper disposal. Periodic reminders of such collection
programs will be provided as part of Durham County Utilities Division's ongoing public outreach.
Laboratory Practice
Durham County Utilities Division operates a laboratory for purposes of complying with state and
federal monitoring and sampling requirements. The laboratory is a potential source of small
quantities of mercury -containing compounds. Laboratory employees will be trained in the proper
handling and disposal of these materials. The laboratory has also replaced mercury thermometers
with non -mercury thermometers, whenever practical.
All mercury containing compounds used in the laboratory are collected and hauled off -site as
hazardous waste for treatment. In the event that a mercury spill occurs in the laboratory, mercury
spill recovery kits are available for use.
C. TRACKING AND MONITORING
In order to assess the implementation of the control measures, Durham County Utilities Division
proposes to undertake the following evaluations beginning after the first full year that this MMP
is implemented:
1. Survey annually at least ten percent (10%) of any non -domestic users identified as
possible significant sources of mercury to the POTW;
2. Track the implementation of the programs outlined above;
3. Monitor influent mercury at least annually. Require significant non -domestic
sources of mercury to monitor periodically, as warranted; and
4. Measure effluent mercury as required by the NPDES permit.
These efforts will allow Durham County Utilities Division to establish a baseline of influent and
effluent mercury levels to assist in identifying any trends in mercury contributions from domestic
and non -domestic users of the sewer system. This baseline will be tracked annually.
SECTION IV - IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL MEASURES
Triangle WWTP operates a pretreatment program that regulates industrial and commercial users
through permit issuance that contains monitoring and reporting requirements. Industrial Waste
Surveys are also a tool used to gage what industrial and commercial users do at their facilities and
what processes and chemicals are used on -site.
Any wastewater containing mercury in concentrations greater than 142 ng/L as measured by EPA
Test Method 1631 and sampled by EPA Method 1669 will remain a prohibited discharge standard
in Section 26-96 of the Durham County Sewer Use Ordinance.
Durham County will implement the control measures summarized in Section III over the permit
term and will update this MMP as warranted.
SECTION V - REPORTING
A summary of the MMP activities will be submitted as part of the NPDES permit renewal process.