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Home My WebLink AboutCPF Table of ContentsTable of Contents i TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................xvii Section A - General Basinwide Information.................................................................................1 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Basinwide Water Quality Planning...................................................2 1.1 What is Basinwide Water Quality Planning?.................................................2 1.2 Goals of Basinwide Water Quality Planning.................................................2 1.3 Major Components of the Basinwide Plan.....................................................4 1.4 Benefits of Basinwide Water Quality Planning.............................................4 1.5 How to Get Involved......................................................................................5 1.6 Other References............................................................................................5 1.7 Division of Water Quality Functions and Locations......................................6 Chapter 2 - Basin Overview..........................................................................................................8 2.1 General Overview ..........................................................................................8 2.2 Local Governments and Planning Jurisdictions in the Basin.......................10 2.3 Surface Water Hydrology.............................................................................11 2.3.1 Major Hydrologic Divisions..........................................................11 2.3.2 Physiography and Geology of the Cape Fear River Basin ............15 2.4 Land Cover...................................................................................................18 2.5 Population and Growth Trends ....................................................................21 2.6 Natural Resources ........................................................................................26 2.6.1 Lakes..............................................................................................26 2.6.2 Fish and Shellfish ..........................................................................27 2.6.3 Wetlands........................................................................................28 2.7 Permitted Wastewater and Stormwater Discharge Facilities.......................34 2.7.1 Wastewater Discharges in the Cape Fear River Basin...................35 2.7.2 Stormwater Discharges in the Cape Fear River Basin...................35 2.8 Animal Operations.......................................................................................42 2.9 Water Use and Minimum Streamflow .........................................................49 2.9.1 Local Water Supply Planning........................................................49 2.9.2 Minimum Streamflow....................................................................49 2.9.3 Interbasin Transfer.........................................................................53 Chapter 3 - Summary of Water Quality Information for the Cape Fear River Basin.................58 Table of Contents ii 3.1 General Sources of Pollution .......................................................................58 3.2 Description of Surface Water Classifications and Standards.......................59 3.3 DWQ Water Quality Monitoring Programs in the Cape Fear River Basin..65 3.3.1 Benthic Macroinvertebrates...........................................................65 3.3.2 Fish Assessments...........................................................................69 3.3.3 Aquatic Toxicity Monitoring.........................................................74 3.3.4 Lakes Assessment Program...........................................................75 3.3.5 Ambient Monitoring System Program...........................................75 3.4 Other Water Quality Research .....................................................................79 3.5 Use Support Summary.................................................................................79 3.5.1 Introduction to Use Support...........................................................79 3.5.2 Revisions to Methodology Since 1992-1993 305(b) Report.........80 3.5.3 Comparison of Use Support Ratings to Streams on the 303(d) List.................................................................................................80 3.5.4 Use Support Ratings for the Cape Fear River Basin .....................81 Chapter 4 - Water Quality Issues Related to the Entire Cape Fear River Basin.........................88 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................88 4.2 Strategies for Restoring and Protecting Impaired Waters............................88 4.3 Addressing Waters on the State’s 303(d) List..............................................89 4.4 Nutrient Sensitive Waters Strategy for Jordan/Haw River Watershed........89 4.5 Randleman Reservoir...................................................................................90 4.6 Modeling Efforts in the Lower Cape Fear River and Estuary......................90 4.7 Growth and Development............................................................................91 4.7.1 Stormwater Management...............................................................91 4.7.2 Protecting Headwaters...................................................................92 4.8 Biological Monitoring Issues.......................................................................93 4.8.1 Development of Draft Benthic Macroinvertebrate Swamp Criteria...........................................................................................93 4.8.2 Fish Community Assessment Draft Criteria..................................94 4.8.3 Estuarine Waters Criteria Development........................................94 4.8.4 Fish Advisories Related to Mercury Contamination.....................94 4.8.5 Habitat Degradation.......................................................................95 4.9 Clean Water Act of 1999 (House Bill 1160)................................................95 4.10 Water Supply Watershed Protection............................................................96 4.11 Effects of Hurricanes on Water Quality.......................................................96 4.12 Discharges to Zero Flow Streams................................................................98 4.13 Sedimentation...............................................................................................99 4.13.1 Land Clearing Activities................................................................99 Table of Contents iii 4.13.2 Streambank Erosion and Loss of Riparian Vegetation................100 4.13.3 New Rules Regarding Sediment Control.....................................101 4.13.4 Recommendations........................................................................102 4.14 Issues in the Development of Management Strategies for Coastal Waters ........................................................................................................102 4.15 Coastal Habitat Protection Plans................................................................107 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section B - Water Quality Data and Information by Subbasin.................................................108 Chapter 1 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-01 Includes the Haw River, Little Troublesome and Troublesome Creeks................109 1.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................109 1.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................111 Haw River...................................................................................................112 Candy Creek...............................................................................................112 Troublesome Creek ....................................................................................112 Little Troublesome Creek...........................................................................113 1.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................114 1.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................114 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................114 Haw River at WWTP Discharge ................................................................115 Chapter 2 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-02 Includes Reedy Fork and North and South Buffalo Creeks...................................116 2.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................116 2.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................119 Haw River...................................................................................................119 North Buffalo Creek ...................................................................................120 South Buffalo Creek ...................................................................................121 Horsepen Creek..........................................................................................122 Town Branch ..............................................................................................122 Brush Creek................................................................................................123 Reedy Fork Creek.......................................................................................123 2.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................124 2.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................124 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................125 Back Creek (Tributaries including MoAdams Creek)................................125 Haw Creek..................................................................................................125 General Recommendations for Buffalo/Reedy Fork Watershed ................126 Table of Contents iv Chapter 3 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-03 Includes Big and Little Alamance Creeks..............................................................128 3.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................128 3.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................128 Little Alamance Creek (Burlington)...........................................................130 3.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................130 3.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................130 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................131 Chapter 4 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-04 Includes Cane Creek, Collins Creek and the Haw River.......................................132 4.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................132 4.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................134 Robeson Creek ...........................................................................................135 Marys Creek ...............................................................................................135 Pittsboro Lake ............................................................................................136 4.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................136 4.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................137 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................137 Cane Creek Reservoir ................................................................................137 Chapter 5 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-05 Includes New Hope Creek, Northeast Creek and Jordan Reservoir.......................138 5.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................138 5.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................140 New Hope Creek ........................................................................................140 Northeast Creek .........................................................................................141 Third Fork Creek........................................................................................142 White Oak Creek ........................................................................................142 5.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................143 5.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................143 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................143 Jordan Reservoir ........................................................................................143 Chapter 6 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-06 Includes Morgan Creek and Bolin Creek...............................................................144 6.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................144 6.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................146 Meeting of the Waters ................................................................................146 Table of Contents v Morgan Creek ............................................................................................147 Bolin Creek.................................................................................................147 Booker Creek..............................................................................................148 Little Creek.................................................................................................148 6.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................149 6.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................149 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................149 Chapel Hill Stream Monitoring .................................................................149 Chapter 7 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-07 Including Cape Fear River, Parkers and Neills Creeks..........................................150 7.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................150 7.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................152 Kenneth Creek ............................................................................................153 Gulf Creek..................................................................................................153 Neills Creek................................................................................................154 7.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................154 7.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................154 Development in Harris Lake Watershed ....................................................154 The Middle Cape Fear River Basin Association (MCFRBA)....................155 Utley Creek.................................................................................................155 Chapter 8 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-08 East and West Forks of the Deep River and Richland Creek.................................157 8.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................157 8.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................159 Richland Creek...........................................................................................159 Deep River..................................................................................................160 Hickory Creek ............................................................................................161 East Fork Deep River.................................................................................162 8.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................162 8.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................162 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................163 Muddy Creek ..............................................................................................164 Chapter 9 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-09 Includes the Deep River, Polecat Creek and Sandy Creek ....................................165 9.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................165 9.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................168 Flat Creek...................................................................................................168 Table of Contents vi Hasketts Creek ...........................................................................................168 UT to Polecat Creek...................................................................................168 9.3 303(d) listed Waters...................................................................................169 9.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................169 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................169 General Recommendations for the Deep River Point Source Discharges.170 Sandy Creek ...............................................................................................170 Chapter 10 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-10 Includes the Deep River, Bear Creek and McLendons Creek................................171 10.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................171 10.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................173 Cotton Creek ..............................................................................................173 Falls Creek .................................................................................................174 McLendons Creek.......................................................................................174 Richland Creek...........................................................................................174 Indian Creek...............................................................................................175 Big Governors Creek..................................................................................175 Cabin Creek ...............................................................................................175 10.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................175 10.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................175 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................176 Deep River Dams .......................................................................................176 General Recommendations for the Deep River Point Source Discharges.176 Chapter 11 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-11 Includes the Deep River, Big Buffalo Creek and Cedar Creek..............................178 11.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................178 11.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................180 Little Pocket Creek .....................................................................................180 Cedar Creek ...............................................................................................181 Georges Creek............................................................................................181 Little Buffalo Creek ....................................................................................181 11.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................181 11.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................181 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................182 Buffalo Creek (Sanford).............................................................................182 Recommendations for Deep River Point Source Discharges.....................182 Chapter 12 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-12 Includes Rocky River, Bear Creek, Tick Creek and Loves Creek.........................183 Table of Contents vii 12.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................183 12.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................185 Loves Creek................................................................................................186 Rocky River ................................................................................................186 Bear Creek .................................................................................................187 12.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................187 12.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................187 Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association ................................................188 Regionalization Efforts ..............................................................................188 Chapter 13 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-13 Includes Upper Little River and Barbeque Creek..................................................189 13.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................189 13.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................191 13.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................191 13.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................191 The Middle Cape Fear River Basin Association (MCFRBA)....................191 Chapter 14 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-14 Includes Lower Little River, Nicks Creek and Juniper Creek ...............................192 14.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................192 14.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................194 Anderson Creek ..........................................................................................194 Crane Creek ...............................................................................................195 14.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................195 14.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................195 The Middle Cape Fear River Basin Association (MCFRBA)....................195 Chapter 15 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-15 Includes Cape Fear River, Cross Creek and Rockfish Creek.................................196 15.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................196 15.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................198 Cross Creek................................................................................................198 Little Cross Creek ......................................................................................199 Pedler Branch ............................................................................................199 UT to Bones Creek .....................................................................................199 15.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................200 15.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................200 The Middle Cape Fear River Basin Association (MCFRBA)....................201 Table of Contents viii Cape Fear River from Erwin to Lock and Dam #3 ....................................201 Chapter 16 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-16 Includes Cape Fear River, Harrison Creek and Turnbull Creek............................203 16.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................203 16.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................205 Turnbull Creek ...........................................................................................206 Harrisons Creek .........................................................................................206 Browns Creek .............................................................................................206 16.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................206 16.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................207 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................207 The Middle Cape Fear River Basin Association (MCFRBA)....................207 Cape Fear River from Lock and Dam #3 to Lock and Dam #1 .................207 Suggs Mill Pond Land Acquistion..............................................................208 Chapter 17 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-17 Includes Town Creek, Smith Creek and the Brunswick River ..............................209 17.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................209 17.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................211 Livingston Creek ........................................................................................212 Cape Fear River (near Neils Eddy Landing, International Paper)...........212 The Cape Fear River Estuary ....................................................................212 Other Estuarine Waters in the Subbasin 03-06-17 ....................................213 17.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................213 17.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................213 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................213 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................214 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................214 Greenfield Lake..........................................................................................214 Cape Fear River from Lock and Dam #1 to the lower Cape Fear River Estuary.........................................................................................214 Coastal Urban and Recreation BMP Demonstration Project ...................215 Chapter 18 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-18 Includes the South River and Big Creek................................................................216 18.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................216 18.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................218 South River .................................................................................................218 Black River (Little Black)...........................................................................218 Bay Tree Lake ............................................................................................219 Table of Contents ix 18.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................219 18.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................220 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................220 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................220 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................220 Black and South River Riparian Protection...............................................220 Chapter 19 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-19 Includes the Black River, Six Runs Creek and Great Coharie Creek....................221 19.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................221 19.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................223 Stewarts Creek ...........................................................................................223 19.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................224 19.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................224 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................224 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................225 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................225 Chapter 20 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-20 Includes the Black River, Colly Creek and Moores Creek....................................226 20.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................226 20.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................228 20.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................228 20.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................229 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................229 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................229 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................230 Chapter 21 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-21 Includes the Northeast Cape Fear River and Barlow Branch.................................231 21.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................231 21.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................233 Northeast Cape Fear River and Barlow Branch........................................233 21.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................233 21.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................234 Chapter 22 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-22 Includes the Northeast Cape Fear River and Rockfish Creek................................235 22.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................235 Table of Contents x 22.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................237 Goshen Swamp and Panther Creek............................................................238 Herrings Marsh Run ..................................................................................238 Limestone Creek.........................................................................................238 Persimmon Branch.....................................................................................238 Rock Fish Creek .........................................................................................239 Muddy Creek ..............................................................................................239 22.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................239 22.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................240 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................240 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................240 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................240 Northeast Cape Fear River Riparian Buffer Protection ............................241 Chapter 23 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-23 Includes Northeast Cape Fear River and Burgaw Creek........................................242 23.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................242 23.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................244 Cypress Creek ............................................................................................244 Burnt Mill Creek ........................................................................................245 Burgaw Creek.............................................................................................245 23.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................245 23.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................246 The Lower Cape Fear River Program .......................................................246 Mercury Advisories ....................................................................................246 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................246 Chapter 24 - Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-24 Includes Masonboro Sound, Topsail Sound and the Intracoastal Waterway.........247 24.1 Water Quality Overview............................................................................247 24.2 Impaired Waters.........................................................................................249 Impaired Estuarine Waters ........................................................................249 24.3 303(d) Listed Waters..................................................................................250 24.4 Other Issues, Recommendations and Projects ...........................................250 Conditionally Approved Open Shellfish Harvest Areas.............................250 1999 Hurricanes.........................................................................................250 Constructed Wetlands for Landfill Leachate .............................................251 The New Hanover County Tidal Creeks Project and City of Wilmington Watersheds Project ......................................................................251 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents xi Section C - Current and Future Water Quality Initiatives.........................................................252 Chapter 1 - Current Water Quality Initiatives...........................................................................253 1.1 Workshop Summaries................................................................................253 1.2 Federal Initiatives.......................................................................................254 1.2.1 Section 319 – Base Program........................................................254 1.2.2 Clean Water Act Section 319 (h) – Incremental Program...........255 1.2.3 Clean Water Act – Section 205 (j) Planning Grant .....................255 1.2.4 USDA – NRCS Environmental Quality Improvement Program (EQIP)..........................................................................................255 1.3 State Initiatives...........................................................................................256 1.3.1 NC Wetlands Restoration Program .............................................256 1.3.2 Clean Water Management Trust Fund.........................................257 1.4 Local Initiatives..........................................................................................257 1.4.1 Cape Fear River Basin Associations............................................257 1.4.2 Cape Fear River Assembly..........................................................258 1.4.3 Cape Fear River Headwaters Group............................................259 1.4.4 City of Greensboro Storm Water Services ..................................259 1.4.5 UNC-Wilmington – Center for Marine Science Research ..........260 1.4.6 Haw River Assembly...................................................................260 1.5 Current Initiatives by Major Watershed.....................................................261 1.5.1 Haw River (Subbasins 03-06-01 to 03-06-06)...............................................261 1.5.2 Deep River Watershed (Subbasins 03-06-08 to 03-06-12)...............................................263 1.5.3 Upper Cape Fear River Watershed (Subbasins 03-06-07, 03-06-13 to 03-06-15) ..............................265 1.5.4 Lower Cape Fear River (Subbasins 03-06-16, 03-07-17, 03-06-20 and 03-06-21)...........266 1.5.5 Black River Watershed (Subbasins 03-06-18 and 03-06-19) ............................................267 1.5.6 Northeast Cape Fear River Watershed (Subbasins 03-06-22 to 03-06-24)...............................................268 Chapter 2 - Future Water Quality Initiatives.............................................................................269 2.1 Overall DWQ Goals for the Future............................................................269 2.2 DWQ Compliance and Enforcement Policy Revisions .............................271 Appendices xii APPENDICES I NPDES Dischargers and Individual Stormwater Permits in the Cape Fear River Basin II Water Quality Data Collected by DWQ • Benthic Macroinvertebrate Collections • Fish Community Assessments III Use Support Methodology IV 303(d) Listing and Reporting Methodology V Cape Fear River Basin Nonpoint Source Program Description and Contacts VI Glossary of Terms and Acronyms List of Figures xiii LIST OF FIGURES Figure A-1 Basinwide Planning Schedule (1999 to 2003)........................................................2 Figure A-2 Water Quality Section Organization Structure........................................................6 Figure A-3 Division of Water Quality Regional Offices...........................................................7 Figure A-4 General Map of the Cape Fear River Basin ............................................................9 Figure A-5 General Map of the Upper Cape Fear River Basin ...............................................12 Figure A-6 General Map of the Middle Cape Fear River Basin..............................................13 Figure A-7 General Map of the Lower Cape Fear River Basin...............................................14 Figure A-8 Hydrologic Areas (HA) of Similar Potential to Sustain Base Flows....................16 Figure A-9 Land Cover Changes from 1982 to 1992 for the Cape Fear River Basin .............20 Figure A-10 Percentages within Major Land Cover Categories in the Cape Fear Basin ..........20 Figure A-11 1990 Population Density by Census Block Group Upper Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................23 Figure A-12 1990 Population Density by Census Block Group Lower Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................24 Figure A-13 Population Growth by Subbasin (1970 to 1990)...................................................25 Figure A-14 Recent Overall Trends in Commercial Landings of Finfish in the Cape Fear River Basin Coastal Areas by Total Pounds and Total Value Per Year (1994-1998)...........................................................................................................28 Figure A-15 Recent Overall Trends in Commercial Landings of Non-Finfish in the Cape Fear River Basin Coastal Areas by Total Pounds and Total Value Per Year (1994-1998)...........................................................................................................28 Figure A-16 Shellfish Growing Areas in the Cape Fear River Basin........................................29 Figure A-17 Cape Fear River Basin Wetland Draining Projects as of September 1999...........33 Figure A-18 Location of NPDES Permitted Dischargers in the Upper Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................37 Figure A-19 Location of NPDES Permitted Dischargers in the Middle Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................38 Figure A-20 Location of NPDES Permitted Dischargers in the Lower Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................39 Figure A-21 Registered Animal Operations in the Upper Cape Fear River Basin....................45 Figure A-22 Registered Animal Operations in the Middle Cape Fear River Basin ..................46 Figure A-23 Registered Animal Operations in the Lower Cape Fear River Basin....................47 Figure A-24 River Basins Subject to Surface Water Transfers Act ..........................................55 Figure A-25 Interbasin Transfers (>1.0 MGD) in the Cape Fear River Basin ..........................56 Figure A-26 Water Supply Watersheds, Outstanding Resource Waters and High Quality Waters in the Upper Cape Fear River Basin .........................................................62 Figure A-27 Water Supply Watersheds, Outstanding Resource Waters and High Quality Waters in the Middle Cape Fear River Basin........................................................63 Figure A-28 Water Supply Watersheds, Outstanding Resource Waters and High Quality Waters in the Lower Cape Fear River Basin.........................................................64 List of Figures xiv Figure A-29 The North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity for the Cape Fear River Basin (1997)....................................................................................................................71 Figure A-30 The North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity for the Cape Fear River Basin.......72 Figure A-31 Cape Fear River Basin NCTSI Score (All NCTSI Scores Reflect July 1998 Except for Oak Hollow Lake) ..................75 Figure A-32 Use Support Map of the Upper Cape Fear River Basin........................................85 Figure A-33 Use Support Map of the Middle Cape Fear River Basin.......................................86 Figure A-34 Use Support Map of the Lower Cape Fear River Basin........................................87 Figure B-1 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-01..................................................110 Figure B-2 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-02..................................................117 Figure B-3 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-03..................................................129 Figure B-4 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-04..................................................133 Figure B-5 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-05..................................................139 Figure B-6 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-06..................................................145 Figure B-7 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-07..................................................151 Figure B-8 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-08..................................................158 Figure B-9 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-09..................................................166 Figure B-10 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-10..................................................172 Figure B-11 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-11..................................................179 Figure B-12 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-12..................................................184 Figure B-13 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-13..................................................190 Figure B-14 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-14..................................................193 Figure B-15 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-15..................................................197 Figure B-16 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-16..................................................204 Figure B-17 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-17..................................................210 Figure B-18 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-18..................................................217 Figure B-19 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-19..................................................222 Figure B-20 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-20..................................................227 Figure B-21 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-21..................................................232 Figure B-22 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-22..................................................236 Figure B-23 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-23..................................................243 Figure B-24 Sampling Locations within Subbasin 03-06-24..................................................248 List of Tables xv LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Use Support Summary Information for All Monitored and Evaluated Streams in the Cape Fear River Basin (1999)....................................................................xix Table 2 Impaired Waters in the Cape Fear River Basin....................................................xxi Table A-1 Schedule for Second Round of Basinwide Planning (1998 to 2003)......................3 Table A-2 Five-Year Process for Development of an Individual Basinwide Management Plan..........................................................................................................................3 Table A-3 Local Governments and Planning Units within the Cape Fear River Basin.........10 Table A-4 Hydrologic Subdivisions in the Cape Fear River Basin........................................15 Table A-5 Land Cover in the Cape Fear River Basin by Major Watersheds (8-Digit USGS Hydrologic Units).........................................................................19 Table A-6 Description of Land Cover Types (1992 NRI - USDA SCS)...............................19 Table A-7 Description of Land Cover Categories..................................................................20 Table A-8 Cape Fear Subbasin Population (1970, 1980 and 1990) and Land Area Summaries.............................................................................................................22 Table A-9 Estimated Population Statistics for the Years 1990, 1997 and 2010 for Counties in the Cape Fear River Basin.................................................................................26 Table A-10 Wetland Fill Activities (in Acres) Permitted in the Cape Fear River Basin by Subbasin and Year.................................................................................................31 Table A-11 Wetland Acreage Impacted by Wetland Ditching and Draining Activities in the Cape Fear River Basin Separated by Wetland Type (September 1999)..........32 Table A-12 Summary of NPDES Dischargers and Permitted Flows for the Cape Fear River Basin (as of April 1999)..............................................................................36 Table A-13 Summary of Individual NPDES Stormwater Permits in the Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................41 Table A-14 Cities and Counties Included in State Stormwater Program.................................42 Table A-15 Registered Animal Operations in the Cape Fear River Basin (as of 9/98)............44 Table A-16 Estimated Populations of Swine (1998, 1994 and 1990), Dairy (1998 and 1994) and Poultry (1998 and 1994) in the Cape Fear River Basin.......................48 Table A-17 Population and Water Use for Water Systems in the Cape Fear River Basin.......50 Table A-18 Minimum Streamflow Projects in the Cape Fear River Basin..............................51 Table A-19 Minimum Instream Flow Studies in the Cape Fear River Basin...........................52 Table A-20 Water Withdrawal Registrations in the Cape Fear River Basin............................54 Table A-21 Interbasin Transfers in the Cape Fear River Basin................................................57 Table A-22 Primary and Supplemental Surface Water Classifications (Primary classifications beginning with an "S" are assigned to saltwaters)..........60 Table A-23 Biological Ratings for Recent Samplings in the Cape Fear River Basin..............66 Table A-24 Long-Term Changes in Bioclassification in the Cape Fear River Basin ..............68 Table A-25 Scores, Integrity Classes and Class Attributes for Evaluating a Wadeable Stream Using the North Carolina Index of Biotic Integrity..................................70 Table A-26 Summary of Compliance with Aquatic Toxicity Tests in the Cape Fear River Basin......................................................................................................................74 List of Tables xvi Table A-27 Locations of the Ambient Monitoring Stations.....................................................76 Table A-28 Fecal Coliform Summary Data for the Cape Fear River Basin - 1993 to 1997....78 Table A-29 Use Support Summary Information for All Monitored and Evaluated Streams in the Cape Fear River Basin (1999).....................................................................81 Table A-30 Cape Fear River Basin Use Support Ratings in Miles for Freshwater Streams (1999)....................................................................................................................82 Table A-31 Use Support Ratings for Lakes and Reservoirs in the Cape Fear River Basin .....83 Table A-32 Use Support Ratings for Estuarine Waters in the Cape Fear River Basin (1994-1998)...........................................................................................................84 Table A-33 Growth Management Elements Applicable to the North Carolina Coast...........106 Table A-34 Growth Management Tools.................................................................................106 Table B-1 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-01.................111 Table B-2 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-02.................118 Table B-3 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-03.................130 Table B-4 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-04.................134 Table B-5 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-05.................140 Table B-6 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-06.................146 Table B-7 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-07.................152 Table B-8 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-08.................159 Table B-9 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-09.................167 Table B-10 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-10.................173 Table B-11 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-11.................180 Table B-12 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-12.................185 Table B-13 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-13.................191 Table B-14 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-14.................194 Table B-15 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-15.................198 Table B-16 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-16.................205 Table B-17 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-17.................211 Table B-18 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-18.................218 Table B-19 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-19.................223 Table B-20 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-20.................228 Table B-21 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-21.................231 Table B-22 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-22.................237 Table B-23 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-23.................244 Table B-24 Biological Assessment Sites in Cape Fear River Subbasin 03-06-24.................249 Table C-1 319 Projects in the Cape Fear River Basin..........................................................254 Table C-2 Hydrologic Units within the Cape Fear River Basin...........................................255 Table C-3 Cape Fear River Basin Scale Projects.................................................................256 Table C-4 Haw River Watershed Projects............................................................................261 Table C-5 Deep River Watershed Projects...........................................................................264 Table C-6 Upper Cape Fear Watershed Projects..................................................................265 Table C-7 Lower Cape Fear Watershed Projects.................................................................266 Table C-8 Black River Watershed Projects..........................................................................267 Table C-9 Northeast Cape Fear Watershed Projects............................................................268