20190158 Ver 1_Brahma_100092_MY2_2022_20230201

ID#* 20190158
Select Reviewer:
Ryan Hamilton
Initial Review Completed Date 02/01/2023
Mitigation Project Submittal - 2/1/2023
Version* 1
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?*
Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Lindsay Crocker
Project Information
ID#:* 20190158
Existing ID#
Project Type: • DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Brahma Mitigation site
County: Alamance
Document Information
O Yes O No
Email Address:*
[e-mail]
Version:* 1
Existing Version
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
File Upload: Brahma_ 100092_MY2_2022.pdf 36.08MB
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Signature
Print Name:* Lindsay Crocker
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MY2 MONITORING REPORT
BRAHMA SITE
Alamance County, North Carolina
Cape Fear River Basin
Cataloging Unit 03030002
DMS Project No. 100092
Full Delivery Contract No. 7743
DMS RFP No. 16-007571
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-00126
DWR Project No. 20190158
Data Collection: January - November 2022
Submission: February 2023
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
Is. io. 1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
MitiganonserWces RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652
ENV IRON MEN TAL QUALITY

Brahma Year 2, 2022 Monitoring Summary
General Notes
• No encroachment was identified in Year 2 (2022).
• No evidence of nuisance animal activity (i.e., heavy deer browsing, beaver activated, etc.) was
observed.
Streams
• Streams remained stable with few deviations from MYO even after receiving several high discharge
events.
• All engineered structures were stable and functioning within design parameters; no stream areas
of concern were documented.
• Two bankfull events were documented during MY2 (2022) making a total of 4 total bankfull events
to date during the monitoring period (Table 11, Appendix D).
• Channel formation was evident in all Site tributaries during MY2 (Table 13A-E, Appendix D).
Wetlands
• Eleven of twelve groundwater gauges met success criteria fort he year 2 (2022) monitoring period.
Gauges 12 missed the 12% hydroperiod success criteria by two days giving it a hydroperiod of
11.0% (Appendix D).
Yr. 2 (2022) Groundwater Hvdroloev Data
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2021)
(2022)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
(2027)
1
Yes
Yes
60 days (25.4%)
66 days (28.0%)
2
No
Yes
21 days (8.9%)
47 days (19.9%)
3
No
Yes
18 days (7.6%)
28 days (12.0%)
4
Yes
Yes
46 days (19.5%)
60 days (25.4%)
5
Yes
Yes
47 days (19.9%)
59 days (25.0%)
6
No
Yes
25 days (10.6%)
59 days (25.0%)
7
Yes
Yes
227 days (96.2%)
236 days (100%)
8
Yes
Yes
46 days (19.5%)
59 days (25.0%)
9
Yes
Yes
49 days (20.8%)
59 days (25.0%)
10
Yes
Yes
39 days (16.5%)
43 days (18.2%)
11
Yes
Yes
46 Days (19.5%)
66 days (28.0%)
12
No
No
21 Days (8.9%)
26 days (11.0%)
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Executive Summary
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Vegetation
• Measurements of the 23 vegetation plots (19 permanent and 4 random transects) resulted in an
average of 340 planted stems/acre excluding livestakes. Eleven of nineteen permanent plots and
one of four random plots met success criteria (Tables 7-8, Appendix B).
• Qualitative and quantitative monitoring for planted stems indicate a need for replanting within
areas of the Site during the 2022/2023 dormant season. A remedial action plan for site planting is
provided in Appendix G.
Site Monitoring Activity and Reporting History
Stream
Vegetation
Wetland
Data Analysis
Completion
Project Millstones
Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Complete
or Delivery
Complete
Complete
Construction Earthwork
December 9, 2020
Planting
January 12, 2021
As -Built Documentation
Jan. 11-12, 2021
Jan. 14-15, 2021
March 2021
April 2021
Year 1 Monitoring
October 19, 2021
July 28, 2021
Jan. — Nov. 2021
November 2021
January 2022
Year 2 Monitoring
October 26, 2022
July 7, 2022
Jan. — Nov. 2022
November 2022
February 2023
Site Maintenance Report (2022)
Invasive Species Work
Maintenance work
07/08/2022
Sweetgum, Multiflora rose, Privet
08/23/2022
Privet, Multiflora rose, Russian Olive, Sweetgum
None
8/29/2022
Sweetgum, Privet, Multiflora rose
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Executive Summary
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

MY2 MONITORING REPORT
BRAHMA SITE
Alamance County, North Carolina
Cape Fear River Basin
Cataloging Unit 03030002
DMS Project No. 100092
Full Delivery Contract No. 7743
DMS RFP No. 16-007571
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-00126
DWR Project No. 20190158
Data Collection: January - November 2022
Submission: February 2023
Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
DIVISION OF MITIGATION SERVICES
1652 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1652
Mitigation Services
EN VIR0 N MEN TA L QUALITY
Prepared by:
And
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Contact: Worth Creech
919-755-9490 (phone)
919-755-9492 (fax)
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Contact: Grant Lewis
919-215-1693 (phone)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY....................................................................................................................3
1.1 Project Background, Components, and Structure............................................................................3
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives............................................................................................................5
1.3 Success Criteria................................................................................................................................. 6
2.0 METHODS...................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Monitoring........................................................................................................................................7
3.0 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................11
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Visual Assessment Data
Figure 1. Current Conditions Plan View
Table 4A-G. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Table 5. Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Appendix B. Vegetation Plot Data
Table 6. Planted Bare -Root Woody Vegetation
Table 7. Vegetation Plot Counts and Densities
Table 8. Vegetation Plot Data Table from Vegetation Data Entry Tool
Appendix C. Stream Geomorphology Data
Cross -Sections with Annual Overlays
Table 9A-D. Baseline Stream Data Summary Tables
Table 10A-B. Cross -Section Morphology Monitoring Summary
Appendix D. Hydrologic Data
Table 11. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 12. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Tables 13 A-E. Channel Evidence
Surface Water Gauge Graphs
Figure D1. 30/70 Percentile Graph for Rainfall
Soil Temperature Graph
Appendix E. Project Timeline and Contact Info
Table 14. Project Timeline
Table 15. Project Contacts
Appendix F. MY2 Photo Log
Appendix G. Remedial Planting Plan (2022/2023 Dormant Season)
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Table of Contents
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

1.0 PROJECT SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, LLC (RS) has established the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS)
Brahma Site (Site).
1.1 Project Background, Components, and Structure
The Brahma Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") encompasses 22.7 acres of historically disturbed forest
and livestock pasture along unnamed tributaries to Reedy Branch (warm water streams in the Jordan Lake
watershed). The Site is located approximately 2 miles south of Snow Camp, NC, 5 miles northeast of Silk Hope,
NC, and southwest of Clark Road (SR 2352) in southern Alamance County.
Before construction, land use at the Site was characterized by disturbed forest and livestock pasture. Riparian
zones are primarily composed of herbaceous vegetation that is sparse and disturbed due to livestock grazing,
bush hogging, and regular land -management activities.
During mitigation plan preparation, two Pilgrim's Pride chicken houses were being constructed on the
property adjacent to the southeast portion of UT 1. The chicken houses were constructed on pads that have
a groundwater drainage network leading to two pipes that discharge adjacent to the easement. The pipes do
not drain effluent from the chicken houses and discharge clean water. Most drainage from the chicken house
facilities drains through a draw that is treated at the easement boundary and then discharged in wetlands
before entering Site tributaries.
Chicken waste management is being managed through a Joint Responsibility — Producer/Third-Party
Applicator agreement in a manner consistent with requirements set forth by the State of North Carolina in
15A NCAC 02T Section 1400 (Manure Hauler Regulations) and NRCS standard 633 (Waste Utilization).
Documentation of the agreement is available upon request. Under the agreement, the producer is responsible
for keeping records on the amount of waste generated by the operation and providing the responsible third
party with waste analysis records. The third -party applicator is responsible for applying materials at agronomic
rates, soil testing, field evaluation, etc.
At present, no waste is to be discharged onto the property adjacent to the Site easement. If waste
management changes, a minimum setback of 100 feet from perennial waters is required.
Proposed Site restoration activities generated 3881.066 Stream Mitigation Units (SMUs) and 6.655 Riparian
Wetland Mitigation Units (WMUs), as described in Table 1.
Additional activities that occurred at the Site included the following.
• Planting 17.7 acres of the Site with 20,200 stems (planted species are included in Table 6 [Appendix
B]).
• Fencing the entire conservation easement.
Site design was completed in August 2020. Construction started on August 29, 2020, and ended with a final
walkthrough on December 9, 2020. The Site was planted on January 12, 2021. Completed project activities,
reporting history, completion dates, and project contacts are summarized in Tables 14-15 (Appendix Q.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Page 3
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

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1.2 Project Goals and Objectives
Project goals are based on the Cape Fear River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report (NCEEP 2009) and
on -site data collection of channel morphology and function observed during field investigations. The Site is
located within Targeted Local Watershed (TLW) 03030002050050. The RBRP report documents benthic
ratings vary between "Fair" and "Good -Fair" possibly due to cattle, dairy, and poultry operations. The project
is not located in a Regional or Local Watershed Planning Area; however, RBRP goals are addressed by project
activities as follows with Site -specific information following the RBRP goals in parenthesis.
1. Reduce and control sediment inputs — reduction of 8.0 tons/year after mitigation is complete);
2. Reduce and manage nutrient inputs - livestock removed from streams resulting in a direct reduction
of 1020.8 pounds of nitrogen, 84.6 pounds of phosphorus per year, and 11.2 x 1011 colonies of fecal
coliform; fertilizer application has been eliminated; and marsh treatment areas were installed);
3. Protect and augment designated natural heritage areas (NA).
Site -specific mitigation goals and objectives were developed through the use of the North Carolina Stream
Assessment Method (NC SAM) and North Carolina Wetland Assessment Method (NC WAM) analyses of pre -
construction and reference stream systems at the Site (NC SFAT 2015 and NC WFAT 2010) (see table below).
Table 2. Summary: Goals, Performance, and Results
Targeted Functions
Goals
Objectives
Compatibility with Success Criteria
(1) HYDROLOGY
(2) Flood Flow
• Attenuate flood
flow across the Site.
• Construct new channel at
historic floodplain elevation to
restore overbank flows and
• BHR not to exceed 1.2
e Document four overbank events
(4) Wooded Riparian Buffer
• Minimize
restore jurisdictional wetlands
downstream
• Plant woody riparian buffer
separate monitoring years
• Livestock excluded from the
flooding to the
• Remove livestock
easement
(4) Microtopography
maximum extent
• Deep rip floodplain soils to
• Attain Wetland Hydrology
y gy
possible.
reduce compaction and increase
Success Criteria
• Connect streams to
soil surface roughness
functioning wetland
• Protect riparian buffers with a
• Attain Vegetation Success Criteria
systems.
perpetual conservation
e Conservation Easement recorded
easement
(3) Stream Stability
• Construct channels with proper
• Cross-section measurements
indicate a stable channel with
appropriate substrate
(4) Sediment Transport
• Increase stream
pattern, dimension, and
• Visual documentation of stable
stability within the
longitudinal profile
channels and structures
Site so that channels
• Remove livestock
• BHR not to exceed 1.2
are neither
• Construct stable channels with
• ER of 2.2 or greater
(4) Stream Geomorphology
aggrading nor
appropriate substrate
• < 10% change in BHR and ER in
degrading.
• Plant woody riparian buffer
any given year
• Stabilize stream banks
• Livestock excluded from the
easement
• Attain Vegetation Success Criteria
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Page 5
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 2. Summary: Goals, Performance, and Results (Continued)
Targeted Functions
Goals
Objectives
Compatibility with
Success Criteria
(1) WATER QUALITY
(2) Streamside Area Vegetation
• Remove direct
• Remove livestock and reduce agricultural
land/inputs
a Install marsh treatment areas
• Livestock excluded from
(3) Upland Pollutant Filtration
(2) Indicators of Stressors
nutrient and
pollutant inputs
from the Site and
reduce
• Plant woody riparian buffer
• Restore/enhance jurisdictional wetlands
adjacent to Site streams
the easement
• Attain Wetland
Hydrology Success
2 Aquatic Life Tolerance
q
Wetland Particulate Change
W
contributions to
• Provide surface roughness and reduce
Criteria
downstream
compaction through deep
• Attain Vegetation
Wetland Physical Change
ripping/plowing.
Success Criteria
waters.
• Restore overbank flooding by constructing
channels at historic floodplain elevation.
(1) HABITAT
(2) In -stream Habitat
• Improve
• Construct stable channels with
appropriate substrate
• Plant woody riparian buffer to provide
organic matter and shade
• Construct new channel at historic
floodplain elevation to restore overbank
• Cross-section
measurement indicate a
stable channel with
appropriate substrate
• Visual documentation of
stable channels and in-
(3) Substrate
(3) In -Stream Habitat
(2) Stream -side Habitat
(3) Stream -side Habitat
(3) Thermoregulation
instream and
stream -side
habitat.
flows
• Plant woody riparian buffer
• Protect riparian buffers with a perpetual
stream structures.
• Attain Wetland
Hydrology Success
Wetland Physical Structure
conservation easement
Criteria
Wetland Landscape Patch
• Restore/enhance jurisdictional wetlands
• Attain Vegetation
Structure
adjacent to Site streams
Success Criteria
• Stabilize stream banks
• Conservation Easement
• Install in -stream structures
recorded
1.3 Success Criteria
Monitoring and success criteria for stream restoration should relate to project goals and objectives identified
from on -site NC SAM data collection. From a mitigation perspective, several of the goals and objectives are
assumed to be functionally elevated by restoration activities without direct measurement. Other goals and
objectives will be considered successful upon achieving success criteria. The following summarizes Site success
criteria.
Success Criteria
Streams
• All streams must maintain an Ordinary High -Water Mark (OHWM), per RGL 05-05.
• Continuous surface flow must be documented each year for at least 30 consecutive days.
• Bank height ratio (BHR) cannot exceed 1.2 at any measured cross-section.
• Entrenchment ratio (ER) must be no less than 2.2 at any measured riffle cross-section.
• BHR and ER at any measure riffle cross-section should not change by more than 10% from baseline condition
during any given monitoring period.
• The stream project shall remain stable and all other performance standards shall be met through four separate
bankfull events, occurring in separate years, during the monitoring years 1-7.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Page 6
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Success Criteria (Continued)
Wetland Hydrology
• Saturation or inundation within the upper 12 inches of the soil surface for, at a minimum, 12 percent of the
growing season, during average climatic conditions.
Vegetation
• Within planted portions of the site, a minimum of 320 stems per acre must be present at year 3; a minimum of 260
stems per acre must be present at year 5; and a minimum of 210 stems per acre must be present at year 7.
• Trees must average 7 feet in height at year 5, and 10 feet in height at year 7 in each plot.
• Planted and volunteer stems are counted, provided they are included in the approved planting list for the site;
natural recruits not on the planting list may be considered by the IRT on a case -by -case basis.
2.0 METHODS
Monitoring will be conducted by Axiom Environmental, Inc. Annual monitoring reports of the data
collected will be submitted to the NCDMS by Restoration Systems no later than December 1 of each
monitoring year data is collected. The monitoring schedule is summarized in the following table.
Monitorine Schedule
Resource
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Streams
X
X
X
X
X
Wetlands
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vegetation
X
X
X
X
X
Macroinvertebrates
X
X
X
Visual Assessment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Report Submittal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2.1 Monitoring
The monitoring parameters are summarized in the following table.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) page 7
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

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Stream Summary
All streams are functioning as designed, and no stream areas of concern were observed during year 2
(2022) monitoring. Stream morphology data is available in Appendix C.
Wetland Summary
Summary of Monitoring Period/Hydrology Success Criteria by Year
Soil Temperatures/Date Bud
Monitoring Period Used for
12 Percent of
Year
Burst Documented
Determining Success
Monitoring Period
2021 (Year 1)
March 1, 2021
March 1-October 22
28 days
(236 days)
2022 (Year 2)
March 1, 2022*
March 1-October 22
28 days
(236 days)
`Based on documented bud burst on 2/28/22 and an onslte soil temperature logger reading of 45.97-F on 3/1/22 and staying
well above 41°F thereafter.
Eleven of twelve groundwater gauges met success criteria for the year 2 (2022) monitoring period. Gauge
No. 12 missed the 12% hydroperiod success criteria by 2 days with a hydroperiod of 11.0% (26 days)
(Appendix D). WETS monthly rainfall sum and 30-70 percentiles are reported (Figure D1, Appendix D).
Vegetation Summary
During quantitative vegetation sampling, 19 sample plots (10-meter by 10-meter) were installed within
the Site as per guidelines established in CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.2 (Lee et
al. 2008). Year 2 (2022) vegetation measurements occurred on July 7, 2022 and also included four
temporary vegetation plots (50 meter by 2 meter). Measurements of the 23 vegetation plots (19
permanent and 4 temporary plots) resulted in an average of 340 planted stems/acre, excluding live
stakes. Additionally, eleven of nineteen individual plots and one of four random transects met success
criteria (Tables 7-8, Appendix B).
Vegetation mortality during MY1 and 2 mainly occurred in wetland credit areas where herbaceous
species have established. These are likely out -competing many of the smaller bare -root trees. Though
herbaceous growth across the Site is strong, IRS does not feel it is warranted to treat the herbaceous
layer at this time.
Given the qualitative and quantitative monitoring data, IRS proposes a remedial action plan for site
planting - Appendix G.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092)
Brahma Site
Alamance County, North Carolina
Page 9
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

Table 3. Project Attribute Table
Project Name
Brahma Site
County
Alamance County, North Carolina
Project Area (acres)
22.7
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude decimal degrees)
35.85402N, 79.4106°W
Project Watershed Summary Information
Physiographic Province
Piedmont
River Basin
Cape Fear
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit
03030002
DWR Sub -basin
03-06-04
Project Drainage Area (acres)
231
Project Drainage Area Percentage of Impervious Area
<2%
Land Use Classification
Managed Herbaceous Cover & Hardwood Swamps
Reach Summary Information
Parameters
UT 1
(upstream of
confluence with UT2)
UT 1 (downstream of
confluence with UT2)
UT2
UT
UT4
UTS
UT6
UT7
Pre -project length (feet)
1071
3227
1384
239
129
657
501
47
Post-project(feet)
1072
3313
1390
245
135
662
511
48
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined, unconfined)
Alluvial, confined - moderately confined
Drainage area (acres)
149.3
1 230.8
57.3
14.6
1 1.6
26.2
1 12.3
2.9
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
Per
Per
Int/Per
I Int
Int
Int/Per
Int
Int
NCDWR Water Quality Classification
C, NSW
Dominant Stream Classification(existing)
G5
Cg4/5 G4/5 G5 F6 G/F4/5 F5 G5
Dominant Stream Classification (proposed)
C/E 4
C/E 4 G4/5 C/E 4 F6 C/F4/5 C/E 4 G5
Dominant Evolutionary class (Simon) if applicable
III/IV
III/IV III III V IV III/IV IV
Wetland Summary Info
Parameters Wetlands
Pre-project(acres)
5.157 acres drained & 4.427 acres degraded
Post -project (acres)
4.736 acres restored & 4.309 acres enhanced/preserved
Wetland Type (non -riparian, riparian)
Riparian riverine
Mapped Soil Series
Wehadkee
Soil Hydric Status
Hydric
Regulatory Considerations
Parameters
Applicable?
Resolved?
Supporting Docs?
Water of the United States - Section 404
Yes
Yes
401 Permit
Water of the United States - Section 401
Yes
Yes
404 Certification
Endangered Species Act
Yes
Yes
CE Document
Historic Preservation Act
Yes
Yes
CE Document
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA or CAMA)
NA
NA
NA
Essential Fisheries Habitat
NA
NA
NA

3.0 REFERENCES
Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, J.A. Comstock, M.P. Schafale, W.H. McNab, D.R. Lenat, T.F. MacPherson, J.B.
Glover, and V.B. Shelbourne. 2002. Ecoregions of North Carolina and South Carolina. U.S.
Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Lee, M.T., R.K. Peet, S.D. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation. Version 4.2. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Ecosystem Enhancement Program. Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS). 2014. Stream and Wetland Mitigation
Monitoring Guidelines. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR). 2016. Standard Operating Procedures for
Collection and Analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Version 5.0). (online). Available:
https://fi les. nc.gov/ncdeq/Water% 20Qua I ity/Envi ro nmenta I / 2OSciences/BAU/NCD W RMacroi n
vertebrate-SOP-February%202016 final.pdf
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). 2009. Small Streams Biocriteria Development.
Available:
httr)://r)ortal.ncdenr.or2/c/document librarv/get file?uuid=2d54ad23-0345-4d6e-82fd-
04005f48eaa7&grou PId=38364
North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP). 2008. Lumber River Basin Restoration
Priorities (online). Available:
https://fi les. nc.gov/ncdeq/Mitigation / 20Services/Watershed_Pla n n i ng/Lum ber_River_Basi n/Lu
mber_RBRP_2008_FINAL.pdf (January 9, 2018).
North Carolina Stream Functional Assessment Team. (NC SFAT 2015). N.C. Stream Assessment Method
(NC SAM) User Manual. Version 2.1.
North Carolina Wetland Functional Assessment Team. (NC WFAT 2010). N.C. Wetland Assessment
Method (NC WAM) User Manual. Version 4.1.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina:
Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh,
North Carolina.
Simon A, Hupp CR. 1986. Geomorphic and Vegetative Recovery Processes Along Modified Tennessee
Streams: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Disturbed Fluvial Systems. Forest Hydrology and
Watershed Management. IAHS-AISH Publ.167.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Page 11
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1990. Soil Survey of Alamance County, North Carolina.
Soil Conservation Service.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2017. Web Soil Survey (online). Available:
https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm [May 7, 2018]. United States
Department of Agriculture.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2022. Natural Resources Conservation Service National
Weather and Climate Center. AgACIS Climate Data. Burlington Alamance Regional Airport WETS
Station (online). Available: http://agacis.rcc-acis.org
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Page 12
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Appendix A
Visual Assessment Data
Figure 1. Current Conditions Plan View
Tables 4A-G. Stream Visual Stability Assessment
Table 5. Visual Vegetation Assessment
Vegetation Plot Photographs
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

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-14
Plot 3
Brahma Site
MY2 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken July 2022)
k
W
Brahma Site Appendix A: Visual Assessment Data
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2022

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Brahma Site
MY2 (2022) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken July 2022)
Brahma Site Appendix A: Visual Assessment Data
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2022

Appendix B
Vegetation Data
Table 6. Planted Bare -Root Woody Vegetation
Table 7. Vegetation Plot Counts and Densities
Table 8. Vegetation Plot Data Table from Vegetation Data Entry Tool
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 6. Planted Bare Root Woody Vegetation
Brahma Site
Species
Total
Acres
17.7
Asimina triloba
200
Betula nigra
1500
Celtis occidentalis
500
Cephalanthus occidentalis
600
Cornus amomum
2700
Diospyros virginiana
500
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
900
Liriodendron tulipifera
1000
Morus rubra
600
Nyssa sylvatica
1000
Platanus occidentalis
2700
Quercus alba
1000
Quercus lyrata
500
Quercus nigra
2000
Quercus pagoda
1000
Quercus phellos
2000
Quercus shumardii
1000
Ulmus americana
500
TOTALS
20,200
Average Stems/Acre
1141
MV2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092)
Brahma Site
Alomonce County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

Table 7. Planted Vegetation Totals
Brahma Site
Plot #
Planted Stems/Acre
Success Criteria Met?
1
648
Yes
2
486
Yes
3
162
No
4
283
No
5
445
Yes
6
283
No
7
648
Yes
8
202
No
9
486
Yes
10
445
Yes
11
283
No
12
202
No
13
405
Yes
14
202
No
15
324
Yes
16
283
No
17
567
Yes
18
364
Yes
19
364
Yes
R-20
202
No
R-21
324
Yes
R-22
121
No
R-23
81
No
Average Planted Stems/Acre
340
Yes
MV2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092)
Brahma Site
Alomonce County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

INS

Appendix C
Stream Geomorphology Data
Cross -Sections with Annual Overlays
Table 9A-B. Baseline Stream Data Summary Tables
Table 10. Cross -Section Morphology Monitoring Summary
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

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Table 9A. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Brahma - UT 1 (Upstream)
Parameter
Pre -Existing Condition (applicable)
Design
Monitoring Baseline(MYO)
Min
Mean
Med
Max
n
Min
Max
Min
Max
n
Bankfull Width (ft)
5.8
8
16
9.4
10.8
9.8
12.9
3
Floodprone Width (ft)
6
8
14
40
100
100
100
3
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.6
1.0
3
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
1
1.5
1.8
0.9
1.2
1.1
1.6
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft')
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
6.2
10.7
3
Width/Depth Ratio
4.5
9.1
32
12
16
11.3
15.8
3
Entrenchment Ratio
0.9
1
1
4.3
9.3
7.8
10.2
3
Bank Height Ratio
1.1
1.5
1.9
1
1.3
1.0
1.0
3
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
G5
E/C 4
E/C 4
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
28.2
28.2
28.2
Sinuosity (ft)
1.1
1.12
1.12
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
0.0076
0.0075
0.0073
Other
Table 9B. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Brahma - UT 1 (Downstream)
Parameter
Pre -Existing Condition (applicable)
Design
Monitoring Baseline
(MYO)
Riffle Only
Min
Mean
Med
Max
n
Min
Max
Min
Max
n
Bankfull Width (ft)
5.4
8.2
16.9
10.2
11.8
9.6
9.6
1
Floodprone Width (ft)
14
19
100
50
150
75.0
75.0
1
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
0.5
1.1
1.6
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.1
1
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
0.8
1.6
2.7
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.6
1
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft')
8.7
1 8.7
1
1 8.7
1
8.7
1 8.7
11.0
11.0
1
Width/Depth Ratio
3.4
7.8
33.8
12
16
8.4
8.4
1
Entrenchment Ratio
1.3
2.4
13.3
4.9
12.7
7.8
7.8
1
Bank Height Ratio
1.2
2.1
2.9
1
1.3
1.0
1.0
1
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
Gg 4/5
E/C 4
E 4
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
34.4
34.4
34.4
Sinuosity (ft)
1.33
1.33
1.33
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
0.0052
0.0052
0.0064
Other

Table 9C. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Brahma - UT 3
Parameter
Pre -Existing Condition (applicable)
Design
Monitoring Baseline
(MYO)
Riffle Only
Min
Mean
Med
Max
n
Min
Max
Min
Max
n
Bankfull Width (ft)
3.1
3.8
5.9
4.1
4.7
4.9
4.9
1
Floodprone Width (ft)
3
5
8
25
75
50.0
50.0
1
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
1
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
1
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft')
1.5
1 1.5
1
1 1.5
1
1.5
1 1.5
1.7
1.7
1 1
Width/Depth Ratio
6.2
9.5
19.7
12
16
14.3
14.3
1
Entrenchment Ratio
0.8
1.4
1.6
6.1
15.8
10.2
10.2
1
Bank Height Ratio
2.3
3.2
4
1
1.3
1.0
1.0
1
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
G 5
E/C 4
E/C 4
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
5.4
5.4
5.4
Sinuosity (ft)
1.08
1.12
1.12
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
0.017
0.0173
0.0195
Other
Table 9D. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Brahma - UT 6
Parameter
Pre -Existing Condition (applicable)
Design
Monitoring Baseline
(MYO)
Min
Mean
Med
Max
n
Min
Max
Min
Max
n
Bankfull Width (ft)
3.3
6.5
16.3
4.1
4.7
4.1
4.1
1
Floodprone Width (ft)
5
13
23
25
75
50.0
50.0
1
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
1
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.7
1
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft')
1.4
1 1.4
1
1 1.4
1
1.4
1 1.4
1.8
1.8
1 1
Width/Depth Ratio
3.6
32.5
163
12
16
9.6
9.6
1
Entrenchment Ratio
1.2
1.5
1
2.7
6.1
15.8
12.1
12.1
1
Bank Height Ratio
1
3.1
5
1
1.3
1.0
1.0
1
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
F 5
E/C 4
E 4
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
4.8
4.8
4.8
Sinuosity (ft)
1.02
1.12
1.12
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
0.0203
0.0173
0.0297
Other

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Appendix D
Hydrologic Data
Table 11. Verification of Bankfull Events
Table 12. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Tables 13 A-E. Channel Evidence
Surface Water Gauge Graphs
Figure D1. 30/70 Percentile Graph for Rainfall
Soil Temperature Graph
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 11. Verification of Bankfull Events
Date of Data
Date of Occurrence
Method
Photo
Collection
(if available)
Trail cameras and crest gauges documented a bankfull event
December 24, 2020
December 24, 2020
on UT1 and UT2 after 1" of rain was captured by an on -site
1, 2
rain gauge on December 24.
Trail cameras and crest gauges documented a bankfull event
January 31, 2021
January 31, 2021
on tributaries 1, 2, 3, and 4 after 2.25" of rain was captured by
3, 4, 5, 6
an on -site gauge between January 25 — 31.
Trail cameras and crest gauges documented a bankfull event
March 12, 2022
March 12, 2022
on UT1, UT3, and UT5 after 1.15" of rain was captured by an
7, 8, 9
on -site gauge on March 12, 2022.
Crest gauges documented bankfull flows on all site tributaries
October 26, 2022
September 30, 2022
after 3.22" of rain was captured by an on -site gauge on
--
September 30, 2022 as a result of Tropical Storm Ian.
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamonce County, North Carolina February 2023

MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Table 12. Groundwater Hydrology Data
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Gauge
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
(2021)
(2022)
(2023)
(2024)
(2025)
(2026)
(2027)
1
Yes
Yes
60 days (25.4%)
66 days (28.0%)
2
No
Yes
21 days (8.9%)
47 days (19.9%)
3
No
Yes
18 days (7.6%)
28 days (12.0%)
4
Yes
Yes
46 days (19.5%)
60 days (25.4%)
5
Yes
Yes
47 days (19.9%)
59 days (25.0%)
6
No
Yes
25 days (10.6%)
59 days (25.0%)
7
Yes
Yes
227 days (96.2%)
236 days (100%)
8
Yes
Yes
46 days (19.5%)
59 days (25.0%)
9
Yes
Yes
49 days (20.8%)
59 days (25.0%)
10
Yes
Yes
39 days (16.5%)
43 days (18.2%)
11
Yes
Yes
46 Days (19.5%)
66 days (28.0%)
12
No
No
21 Days (8.9%)
1 26 days (11.0%)
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

rl
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M M N N c-I c-I O O
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12/27/22
12/17/22
12/7/22
11/27/22
11/17/22
11/7/22
10/28/22
10/18/22
10/8/22
9/28/22
9/18/22
9/8/22
8/29/22
8/19/22
8/9/22
7/30/22
7/20/22
7/10/22
6/30/22
6/20/22
6/10/22
5/31/22
5/21/22
5/11/22
5/1/22
4/21/22
4/11/22
4/1/22
3/22/22
3/12/22
3/2/22
2/20/22
2/10/22
1/31/22
1/21/22
1/11/22
1/1/22
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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9/28/22
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1/31/22
1/21/22
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2/20/22
2/10/22
1/31/22
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1/11/22
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11/7/22
10/28/22
10/18/22
10/8/22
9/28/22
9/18/22
9/8/22
8/29/22
8/19/22
8/9/22
7/30/22
7/20/22
7/10/22
6/30/22
6/20/22
6/10/22
5/31/22
5/21/22
5/11/22
5/l/22
4/21/22
4/11/22
4/1/22
3/22/22
3/12/22
3/2/22
2/20/22
2/10/22
1/31/22
1/21/22
1/11/22
1/1/22
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Table 13A. UT-1 Channel Evidence
UT-1 Channel Evidence
Year 1(2021)
Year 2 (2022)
Max consecutive days channel flow
83
133
Presence of litter and debris (wracking)
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
Yes
Yes
Matted, bent, or absence of vegetation (herbaceous or otherwise)
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition and/or scour indicating sediment transport
Yes
Yes
Water staining due to continual presence of water
Yes
Yes
Formation of channel bed and banks
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting within the primary path of flow
Yes
Yes
Sediment shelving or a natural line impressed on the banks
Yes
Yes
Change in plant community (absence or destruction of terrestrial
vegetation and/or transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a
long duration, including hydrophytes)
Yes
Yes
Development of channel pattern (meander bends and/or channel braiding)
at natural topographic breaks, woody debris piles, or plant root systems
Yes
Yes
Exposure of woody plant roots within the primary path of flow
No
No
Other:
Table 1313. UT-2 Channel Evidence
UT-2 Channel Evidence
Year 1(2021)
Year 2 (2022)
Max consecutive days channel flow
78
139
Presence of litter and debris (wracking)
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
Yes
Yes
Matted, bent, or absence of vegetation (herbaceous or otherwise)
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition and/or scour indicating sediment transport
Yes
Yes
Water staining due to continual presence of water
Yes
Yes
Formation of channel bed and banks
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting within the primary path of flow
Yes
Yes
Sediment shelving or a natural line impressed on the banks
Yes
Yes
Change in plant community (absence or destruction of terrestrial
vegetation and/or transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a
long duration, including hydrophytes)
Yes
Yes
Development of channel pattern (meander bends and/or channel braiding)
at natural topographic breaks, woody debris piles, or plant root systems
Yes
Yes
Exposure of woody plant roots within the primary path of flow
No
No
Other:
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092)
Brahma Site
Alamance County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

Table 13C. UT-3 Channel Evidence
UT-3 Channel Evidence
Year 1(2021)
Year 2 (2022)
Max consecutive days channel flow
266
226
Presence of litter and debris (wracking)
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
Yes
Yes
Matted, bent, or absence of vegetation (herbaceous or otherwise)
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition and/or scour indicating sediment transport
Yes
Yes
Water staining due to continual presence of water
Yes
Yes
Formation of channel bed and banks
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting within the primary path of flow
Yes
Yes
Sediment shelving or a natural line impressed on the banks
Yes
Yes
Change in plant community (absence or destruction of terrestrial
vegetation and/or transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a
long duration, including hydrophytes)
Yes
Yes
Development of channel pattern (meander bends and/or channel braiding)
at natural topographic breaks, woody debris piles, or plant root systems
Yes
Yes
Exposure of woody plant roots within the primary path of flow
No
No
Other:
Table 13D. UT-5 Channel Evidence
UT-5 Channel Evidence
Year 1(2021)
Year 2 (2022)
Max consecutive days channel flow
50
86
Presence of litter and debris (wracking)
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
Yes
Yes
Matted, bent, or absence of vegetation (herbaceous or otherwise)
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition and/or scour indicating sediment transport
Yes
Yes
Water staining due to continual presence of water
Yes
Yes
Formation of channel bed and banks
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting within the primary path of flow
Yes
Yes
Sediment shelving or a natural line impressed on the banks
Yes
Yes
Change in plant community (absence or destruction of terrestrial
vegetation and/or transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a
long duration, including hydrophytes)
Yes
Yes
Development of channel pattern (meander bends and/or channel braiding)
at natural topographic breaks, woody debris piles, or plant root systems
Yes
Yes
Exposure of woody plant roots within the primary path of flow
No
No
Other:
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092)
Brahma Site
Alamance County, North Carolina
Appendices
Restoration Systems, LLC
February 2023

Table 13E. UT-6 Channel Evidence
UT-6 Channel Evidence
Year 1(2021)
Year 2 (2022)
Max consecutive days channel flow
73
92
Presence of litter and debris (wracking)
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
Yes
Yes
Matted, bent, or absence of vegetation (herbaceous or otherwise)
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition and/or scour indicating sediment transport
Yes
Yes
Water staining due to continual presence of water
Yes
Yes
Formation of channel bed and banks
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting within the primary path of flow
Yes
Yes
Sediment shelving or a natural line impressed on the banks
Yes
Yes
Change in plant community (absence or destruction of terrestrial
vegetation and/or transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a
long duration, including hydrophytes)
Yes
Yes
Development of channel pattern (meander bends and/or channel braiding)
at natural topographic breaks, woody debris piles, or plant root systems
Yes
Yes
Exposure of woody plant roots within the primary path of flow
No
No
Other:
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

(ul) s;unouay Ile}ulea
M M N N c-I c-I o C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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12/27/22
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10/8/22
9/28/22
9/18/22
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7/30/22
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12/27/22
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Appendix E
Project Timeline and Contact Info
Table 14. Project Timeline
Table 15. Project Contacts
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

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Appendix F
MY2 Photo Log
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
EF
Photo 1: UT1 shortly after bankfull event, reclining vegetation
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MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

A

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
Photo 23: UT-5 Piped Crossing —Upstream EndAk
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MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
Photo 25: Bud Burst of Prunus serotina
Photo Taken 2/28/22
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MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Brahma
MY-02 (2022) Photo Log
MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Stream and Wetland Mitigation Site Restoration Systems, LLC

Appendix G
Remedial Planting Plan (2022/2023 Dormant Season)
MY2 Monitoring Report (Project No. 100092) Appendices
Brahma Site Restoration Systems, LLC
Alamance County, North Carolina February 2023

December 1, 2022
Lindsay Crocker
Eastern Regional Supervisor
NC DEQ Division of Mitigation Services
217 West Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27603
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes St. Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina
Ph: [phone]
Fx: [phone]
Subject: Brahma Mitigation Site: Remedial Action Plan for Additional Bare -Root Planting
Contract# 7743, DMS Project ID/IMS #: 100092, RFP: 16-007571
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-00126 & DWR Project No. 20190158
Mrs. Crocker,
During the 2022 growing season, Restoration Systems (RS) observed areas of low planted -stem densities
at the Brahma Mitigation Site (Site). These observations were confirmed by quantitative vegetation
surveying; results of the vegetation survey, both permanent plots and random transects, are included in
the MY2 (2022) Monitoring Report. The survey showed a site -wide average of 340 planted stems/acre,
excluding live stakes, slightly above the MY 3 vegetation success criteria of 320 stems per acre. However,
11 of the 23 surveyed plots/transects failed to achieve the 320 stems per acre criteria. The 11 failing
plots/transects averaged 209 stems/acre, below the MY7 vegetation success criteria for planted stems.
Vegetation mortality during MY1 and 2 mainly occurred in wetland credit areas where herbaceous
species have established. These are likely out -competing many of the smaller bare -root trees. Though
herbaceous growth across the Site is strong, IRS does not feel it is warranted to treat the herbaceous
layer at this time. Remedial bare -root planting will be of a higher -quality stock with species being a
minimum of 18"-24" inches tall with adequate root mass to help reduce mortality.
Based on the qualitative and quantitative assessments, IRS proposes implementing an adaptive
management plan, which includes 13.08 acres of bare -root planting within the Site's original 17.7-acre
planted area (Figure A — Attached). Table A lists proposed bare -root species and quantities. These stems
have been secured, and IRS anticipates planting in late January/early February of 2023.
Table A: Proposed Species and Quantity of Supplemental Planting
Vegetation Association: Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest
Proposed Planting Area = 13.08 Acres
Species
Count
% of Total
Replant
Listed Mitigation
Plan Species
Wetland
Indicator
River birch (Betula nigra)
600
16.44%
Yes
FACW
Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
550
15.07%
Yes
FAC
Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
150
4.11%
Yes
FACW
Oak Water (Quercus nigra)
550
15.07%
Yes
FAC
Oak Willow (Quercus phellos)
350
9.59%
Yes
FACW
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)
350
9.59%
Yes
FACW
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
550
15.07%
Yes
FACW
Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
550
15.07%
Yes
FAC
Total
3,650
100
1101 Haynes St., Suite 211 • Raleigh, NC 27604 • www.restorationsystems.com • Ph 919.755.9490 • Fx 919.755.9492

December 1, 2022
Brahma Mitigation Site: Remedial Action Plan for Additional Bare -Root Planting
Page 2
MY2 data indicates the current planted stem density within the proposed replant area is roughly 209
stems per acre. RS intends to replant the designated areas to a density of 480 stems per acre or plant an
additional +/-270 stems per acre. As part of this effort, RS will replant permanent vegetation monitoring
plots 3-4, 6, 8, 11-16, 18, and 19. Though vegetation plot 17 is within the remedial planting area, the
MY2 vegetation survey recorded 14 living planted stems. RS is not planning to replant Plot 17.
RS will conduct four random vegetation transects within the replanted areas in the Spring of 2023 and
repeat the same transects in the Fall of 2023. Transect data will be presented in the MY3 (2023)
Monitoring Report.
Please let me know if you have any questions or if I can provide any additional information.
Sincerely,
Raymond Holz
Operations Manager
Restoration Systems, LLC
Attachment — Figure A, Remedial Planting Plan Figure

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