NC0085839_Application_19960419

p
URIMIA /7
AgQ � 9i
ccis, ,/
Quartz Operation R
P. O. Box 588 ''
Bakersville Hwy. _~
Spruce Pine, NC 28777
[phone]
Fax: [phone] r=, r Cir
MAY 9 n 1996 April 19 , 1996
Mr. Forrest Westall
North Carolina DEHNR I �ri�€ _ !. urruhi tSal�'.i,ri
59 Woodfin Place
P. 0. Box 370
Asheville, NC 28802 i ►':
)
RE: NPDES Permit Application for New Discharge at Unimin' s
Red Hill Location, Mitchell County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Westall:
During the March 18, 1996 meeting in Asheville, Unimin
Corporation described its plans to build a new high purity quartz
processing facility near Red Hill in Mitchell County, North Carolina.
Since that meeting, we have worked to prepare an NPDES application so
that the formal review process can begin.
Enclosed are two sets of our complete application for this new
NPDES discharge. Please note that one part of each set is stamped
"CONFIDENTIAL" , as it contains Unimin proprietary information for
which Unimin requests confidential handling. The other part of each
set, not so marked, is intended as the one subject to public review.
Both set are being forwarded to your attention to allow comments by
your staff to be transmitted to your Raleigh Office along with the
application itself.
Also enclosed is our check for $400 . 00 , in payment of the permit
processing fees .
As you may recall , during the meeting you stated that the NPDES
permit application could reflect our five year "buildout"
configuration. As such, the average discharge of 0 . 682 million
gallons per day reflects the expected discharge rate at the end of
buildout in year 2001 .
Also enclosed with the application is a summary of the fluoride
treatment loading for high purity quartz production which Unimin
feels is fair for the Red Hill plant, as you requested.
UNIMIN intends to submit an Authorization to Construct
application within the next few months for concurrent processing with
this NPDES application. Prompt review and approval of this NPDES .
111

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FffftjCjGEUSE
STANDARD FORM C — MANUFACTURING AND COMMERCIAL. l 1 1
SECTION IL BASIC DISCHARGE DESCRIPTION
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Complete this section for each discharge indicated in Section I. Item 9.that is to surface waters. This includes discharges to municipal sewerage
systems in which the wastewater does not qo through a treatment wprks prior to being discharged to surface waters. Discharges to wells must
be described where there are also discharges to surface waters from this facility. SEPARATE DESCRIPTIONS OF EACH DISCHARGE ARE
REQUIRED EVEN IF SEVERAL DISCHARGES ORIGINATE IN THE SAME FACILITY. All values for an existing discharge should be repre-
sentative of the twelve previous months of operation.•If this Is a proposed discharge,values should reflect best engineering estimates.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SELECTED ITEMS APPEAR IN SEPARATE INSTRUCTION BOOKLET AS INDICATED. REFER
TO BOOKLET BEFORE FILLING OUT THESE ITEMS.
1. Discharge Serial No.and Name 001
a. Discharge Serial No. 201a
(see instructions)
UNIMIN Red Hill Quartz Plant Discharge
b. Discharge Name 20lb --
Give
Give name of discharge.if any.
(see instructions) •
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C. Previous Discharge Serial No.
If prev,.its permit application (�
w.lt n1aQe for this discharge(see 2010
nein 4.'ar:CtlOn I),provide previ-
ous dltclrargu serial bor.
2. Discharge Operating Dates
a. Discharge Began Date If the
discharge described below Is in N/A
operation,give the date(within 2021 _
best estimate) the discharge YR MO
began.
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b. Discharge to Begin Date If the
discharge has!sever occurred but 97 01
is planned for some future date. 202b __
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give the date(within best esti- YR MO
mate)the discharge will begin.
c. Discharge to End Date If dis-
charge is scheduled to be discon- N/A • •
tinued within the next 5 years, 2026 --
give
give the dale(within best esti- YR MU
reale)the discharge will end. .
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3. Engineering Report Available
!:heck it air engineering report it
available to reviewing agency upon •
recipes,. (see instruct ) 203 0
4. Discharge Location Name the
political boundaries within which
the point of discharge is located. Agency Use
State 204a North Carolina 2044
Mitchell
County 204b .. 204e •
(Yf applicable) City or Town :o.e 2 miles west of Red Hill , NC .
l04f.
S. Discharge Point Description
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Discharge is into (check one);
(see instructions)
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Stream(includes ditches.arroyos,
and other intermittent watercourses) 20Se OSTR
Lake ❑LKE
Ocean ❑OCE •
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Municipal Sanitary Wastewater
Transport System 0M15 '
Municipal Combined Sanitary and
Slorm Transport System ❑MCS • •
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• 0151.HARC.E SERIAL NUMOErt
001 •
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• FOR AGENCY USE
Municipal Storm Water Transport 11 11- 11 I I
System ❑STS
Well(Injection) ❑WEL
Other 00TH
tt •other is checked, sp.cify a:
i. Discharge Mint—Lat/Long Give w 9-7 r,^ I r: , ti
the precise location of the point r �7 i`
of discharge to the nearest second. N 36* 00 50t..YYY (o `� f b i.
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Latitude 21ds. DEG .MIN • SEC
Longitude 10/11 W 82 DEG 16 MIN 05 SEC
7. Discharge Receiving Water Name
Name the waterway at the point 207;t` Toe River Tributary to Nol i chucky
of discharge.(see Instructions)
see attached map
For A- nc Use For Agency Use
if the discharge is through an Out- • Minor Sub •• 303e
fall that extends beyond the shore- 20T'b:
line or is below the mean low -.- „
t. •
water line,complete Item 8.
S. Offshore Discharge
a. Discharge Distance from Shore 201$ N/A feet •
b. Discharge Depth Below Water N/A
Surface 201b feet
S. Discharge Type and Occurrence
a. Type of Discharge Check •
whether the discharge is con• 200$ in(Con)Continuous
tinuous or intermittent.
(see instructions) 0(int) tntermittent
b. Discharge Occurrence Days per
Week Enter the average num. 2O2, 7 days per week
ber of Clays per week(during
periods of discharge) this dis-
charge occurs.
C. Discharge Occurrence—Months i •
If this discharge normally 200s OJAN ❑FEB OMAR ❑APR (N/A- year round)
operates(either intermittently, f
or continuously) on less than ❑MAY ❑JUN ❑JUL DAUG
a year-around basis(excluding
Shutdowns for routine mainte- ❑SEP ❑OCT ❑NOV ODEC
nance),check the months dur-
ing the year when the discharge
is operating. (see instructions)
omplete Items 10 and 11 if'•Inter-
sittent"is checked in Item 9.a.
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itherwrse,proceed to Item 12. •
0. intermittent Discharge Quantity N,IAI
State the ge volume per die- 21* thousand gallons per discharge occurrence.
charge occurrence in thousands Of
gallons. -
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I1. tntermittent Discharge Duration
and Frelluency
a. Intermittent Discharge Duration A
Per Day Stale the age 211a N/'hours per day
number of hours per day the
discharge is operating.
b. Intermittent Discharge e
Frequency State the average 2118 N/41'Wu,ge occurrences per day
number Of discharge Otcur• -
rences per day during days
when discharging. - .
13. Maximum Flow Period Give the
lime period in which the maximum 212• From N/A to •
how Of this discharge occurs, month month 5

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• DISCHARGE SERIAL NUMBER •
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• • •• FOR AGENCY USE
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IIllI II
13. /Activity Description Glve a Mining The applicant icant i s engaged i n the
narrative description of activity 213. — ap1'
Producing this discharge.(see
instructions) I extraction mineral processing to produce high
•purity an. u tra g puri y quartz .sane .
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t4. Activity Causing Discharge For
each SIC Code which describes See attached simplified flow sheet of waste water
• the activity causing this discharge.
supply the type and maximum treatment plant.
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amount of either the raw material
consumed(item 14a)or the product
produced(Item 14b) In the units
• specified in Table I of the Instruc•
tion Booklet. For SIC Codes not .
listed in Table I.use raw mlllerial
or production units normally used
for measuring productlon.(see
instructions)
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a. Raw Materials
Maximum Unit Shared Discllarpes
SIC Code Name Amount/Day (See Table 1) (Serial Number)
214s _(1) (2) (3)' (4) --'----'(5)•
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3295 Quartz sand 114ton/day
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b. Products
Maximum Unit Shared Discharges
SIC Code Name Amount/Oay (See Table I) (Serial Number)
:tar (1L • (2)-.. .r. • ••.. .01;• . .-•(4) (S) • •
3295 Quartz sand 80ton/day
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. 11-3• : : 6

DISCHARGE SERIAL NUMBER
001
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FOR AGENCY USE
1 1 1 1 1 1 F-1
,s. Waste Abatement
a. Waste Abatement Practices Waste treatment facilities will consist_of
(Ascribe th•;waste abatement 215. Nartativl:_.__ —•
..rat hem 1.WG we this d nit hinge neutralization, settling vacuum filtering of
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w.th a bane n.nrallulC. tleC ��•
instnrcliMO solids/dredge and disposal to land. •
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CNEUTR PSEDIM (3) SVACUM
8. Waste Abatement Codes 2118 (1) (2)
Usiru9 the codes listed in Table STHICK SLANDD (6)
11 et the Instruction Booklet. (4) • (5)
describe the waste abatement (0)
processes for MS discl,ar9c in (7) (61
the•order in which terry,r•ccnr
rt pu�t�hla, (10) . (11) (17) .. '
(13) (14) . (1k)
(16) (17) (16)
(19) (20) • (21)
• (22) 123) (24) •
(25)

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DISCHARGE SERIAL NUMBER
001 FOR AGENCY USE
4
17. (Cont'd.)
Influent Effluent •
a, '
• • m .s
As 'o u
'-1 u x. u
Parameter and Codexs. �`r >. p > e p < °
2 2 . °r w a, > 1111
ii
�w6 85 z < v,
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
--- — -e --.1311W- — a
Flouride * 27 mg/1 20 mg/1 50 mg/1 _ 7/7 C
Turbidity 7/7 G
Flow 0.682 0.682 I 0. 682 .276 , . 858 7/7 C
Chloride 920 mg/1 960 3840 mg/1
Calcium j 080 mg/1 540 2160 .
Sulfate 20 mg/I 10 40
Sodium 45 mg/1 23 90
IS. Plant Controls Check If the fol. _i*;:'.
lowing plant controls.are available ' ;y.;
for this discharge.
Alternate power source for major -±_ 0 APS
pumping facility. .'
Alarm or emergency procedure for ALM
power or equipment failure
Complete item 19 if discharge Is
from cooling and/or steam water
generation and water treatment
additives are used.
tg. Water Treatment Additives If the
discharge is treated with any con•
ditioner,Inhibitor,or algicide.
answer the following: _. •P:t
a. Name of Material(s) 21k See page 12 a
b. Name and address of manu-
facturer 211k
,,F,•.4;b•
c. Quantity(pounds added per `1.09
million gallons of water treated). '' '''
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• DISCHARGE AFt 11AL NUMBER .
(t.) FOR AGENCY USE ,
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. ' 1 1. 11 [:1yi
d. Chemical composition of these — '40
An aqueous solution of polymer
additives(see Instructions). °
§
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Complete Items 20-25 if there is a thermal discharge
(e.g..associated with a steam and/or power generation
plant.steel mill,petroleum refinery.or any other •
manufacturing process)and the total dbcharge flow is •
10 million gallons per day or more. (see Instructions) l'
>. .,•.s. • t ._ i k (. ser...
20. Thermal Discharge Source Check
the appropriate Item(s)indicating
the source of the discharge. (see ' t
Instructions) s., .Y
Boller Slowdown d 0 BLBD
Boller Chemical Cleaning 0 BCCL
Ash Pond Overflow 4•74 ❑APOF
Boiler Water Treatment—Evapora- r°'f r„ 0 EPBD •
tor Slowdown ¢''
OIi or Coal Fired Plants—Effluent ❑OCFP
from Alr Pollution Control Devices i;;:':
Condense Cooling Water . 0 CONO
Cooling Tower Slowdown • 0 CTBO
Manufacturing Process 0 MFPR
Other ❑OTHR
21. Discharge/Receiving Water Temper-
ature Difference
Give the maximum temperature
difference between the discharge **".•-'•.
and receiving waters for summer a
and winter operating conditions. • /�
(see Instructions) ','-: 5 to 1 Q_
Summer
5to1QF
Winter - ft10
22. Discharge Temperature.Rate of t; e'_,
Change Per Hour 1 U °F./hour
Glee the maximum possible rate of
.4'
temperature change per hour of3`. •
discharge under operating con• '.
dations. (see Instructions) A '
23. Water Temperature,Percentile
Report(Frequency of Occurrence)
In the table below,enter the
temperature which Is exceeded 10% S .
of the year.5%of the year,1%of .
the year and not at all(maximum ,'
yearly temperature). (see Instructions) f� .
Frequency of occurrence 10% 5% 1% . Maximum
of of
a. Intake Water Temperature s3 °F dF
(Subject to natural changes) v b o
b. Discharge Water Temperature 0, 0F °F F{ F
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24. Water Intake VVelocity '� ',..oeity ; feet/sec.
(i.e Instructions) t:':'
F
25. Retention Time Give the length of �.. minutes
time,In minutes.from start of •
water temperature rise to discharge
of coolIng water. (see Instructions)
II-8 11

_ O:SCHARGE SERIAL NUMBER —_ -
FOR AGENCY USE
001 I l I 1 1:1 .
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2i. Additional Information
s
Item • Information
15A After the waste water has been treated, it will report to
'the last pond and discharge at Latitude N36°-00 '-50"
Longitude W82°-16'-05" into the Toe River. -
19 (a,b,c,d) 1) (a) Lime _
(b) Supplier to be determined _
(c) As needed for F- precipitation and pH control
(d) Ca (OH) 2 •
2) (a) Sulfuric Acid _
(b) Supplier to be determined
(c) As needed for pH control
(d) H2 SO4.
3) (a) Anionic polymer
(b) Supplier to be determined _
(c) As needed for effective flocculation
(d) N/A •
4) (a) Cathodic polymer
(b) Supplier to be determined
(c) Supplier to be determined
(d) N/A
5) (a) Sodium hydroxide
(b) Supplier to be determined
(c) As needed for pH control
(d) NaOH
11-9 12

IFOR AGENCY USC
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STANDARD FORM C - MANUFACTURING AND COMMERCIAL
SECTION ID. WASTE ABATEMENT REQUIREMENTS & IMPLEMENTATION (CONSTRUCTION) SCHEDULE
s section requires Information on any uncompleted Implementation schedule whkh may have been Imposed for construction of waste abet•
,t facilities Such requlrements and Implensentstlon schedules may have boon established by local,State,or Federal agencies or by court
.On. In addition to completing the following Items, a Copy of an offlctal Implementation schedule should be attached to this api;W" lom
YOU ARE SUBJECT TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES, EITHER BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
THORITY IMPOSING DIFFERENT SCHEOULES (Item Ia.) AND/OR STAGED CONSTRUCTION OF SEPARATE OPERATION UNITS
m Ic), SUBMIT A SEPARATE SECTION III FOR EACH ONE ,
FOR AGENCY USE
Improvement -»✓s,f 4t�-'.- l;.
a. Discharge Serial Number 777— ,,,
AHected List the discharge
serial numbeM aWgned In z r
Section 11, that are covered by
this Imptementatlon schedule.
b. Authority Imposlrsy Requlre-
ments Check the aPPfOPrlate
Item Indicating the authority for
implementation schedule. If
the 1,dentlral Implementation
schedule has been ordered by
more then One authority, check
the appropriate Itertes_ (see
Instructions)
Locally developed plan
Areawide Plan
Basic Plan
State approved Implement&-
tion schedule
Federal approved water
Quality standards Implementa-
tion plan.
Federal enforcement proced-
ure or action
State court order
Federal court order
L Facility Requirement. Specify
the 3-character code of those
listed below that hest describes
In general terms the require-
ment of the Implementation
schedule and the applicable six -
character abatement codes)
frcm Table 11 of the Instruction
booklet. It more than one
schedule applies to the facility
because of a staged construction
schedule, state the stage of con-
struction being described here
with the appropriate general
action code. Submit a separate
Se,ctlon III for each stage Of
construction planned.
❑LOC
❑ARE
'- ❑BAS
❑SQS
t'�`i ❑ E N F
❑CRT
❑ FED
3-ch4racter
(general)
;411111r 6-character
_ (spiGit{c)
(see Table II)
New Facility
NEw
Modification (no Increase In capacity or treatment)
MOD
Increase In Capacity
INC
Increase In Treatment Level
fNT
Both Increase In Treatment Lr"I and CapaUty
ICT
Process Chun"
PRO
Elimination of Ol:charge
ELI
This secfion contains 2 pages.

AGENCY USE
M
4 J,
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1, 1mPMmantatlon Schedule and 3. Actual COMP"tlOn Dstaa
Pravlde dates Impaaeq t>y achoovie and any actual dales of comp7etlon for ImPlorn�^ration steps listed bNow.
Indicate dates 21 &CCuratedy" PoaaDM- (see inatructlonll)
Implementation StePs
L pWiminary plan complete
D. Final plan wbmisslon
c- Final plan Cpm Plete
d. Financing ComPlete 6 contract awarded
a. Site acquired
f. Begin action (e.g., construction)
g. End action (e.g.. construction)
h. Discharge Began
I, Dperatlonal Ievel attained
2. Schedule (Yr./Mo./D+y)
3. Actual ComPietlon (Yr./Mo,/Day)
111.2 Gro ee5.7At

N. C. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES & COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMMAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE
ADDITIONAL REQUIRED INFORMATION
711=
APPLICATION NUMBER
DISCHARGE SERIAL NUMBER
REFER TO DIRECTIONS ON REVERSE SIDE BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO COMPLETE THIS FORM
Parameter
(Code)
(501
>
E
E 0
>
0
U
r
0
E
<
E
rn
REMARKS:
I certify that I am familiar with the Information Contained In this report and that to the
best of my knowledge and bedlef such Information is true, complete and accurate.
Date Form Completed Name of Aunortzed Agent Signature

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Dim-duns. For each parameter listed, complete the than 1.5 minutes).
information requested in each column In the units specified #C For composite sample "#" is to be replaced by the •according to the instructions given below, average number of hours over which the composite `
Column l.--Enter the daily average value of the intake sample was collected. Composite samples are corn-
water at the point it enters the facility. If intake water is binations of individual samples obtained at intervals
from more than one source, and enters the facility at over a time period. Either the volume of each in-
separate entry points, the value given in column I should be dividual sample is directly proportional to discharge
weighted proportional to the quantity of flow contributed flow rates or the sampling interval (for constant-
from each source. If water is treated before use,completion volume samples) is inversely proportional to the
of this column is not required (see instructions for column flow rates over the time period used to produce the
2).Values of intake are not required for mining activities. composite. •
Column 2.—If all or part of intake water is treated before
use, provide values for total intake here instead of in NA if"CONT'was entered in column 6.
Column 1. Also describe briefly in item 26 "additional Analytical methods—Appendix A contains all parameters
information," the type of treatment performed on intake with their reporting levels, test descriptions, and references.
water (e.g., rapid sand•filtration, coagulation, flocculation, The parameter values can be determined either by use of one
ion exchange, etc.) and the percent of intake water of the standard analytical methods as described in table A or
contributing to this discharge that has been treated. by methods previously approved by the EPA Regional
Column 3.—Supply daily average value for the days when Administrator or Director of a federally approved State
discharge is actually operating or is expected to be operat- program (or their authorized representatives) which has
ing (a new discharge). Daily average values are to be corn- jurisdiction over the State in which the discharge occurs. If
puted by weighting the daily value in proportion to the daily the test used is not one shown in table A,the lest procedure
flow. If a discharge occurs irregularly, the value supplied should be referenced in"Remarks"or on a separate sheet. If
in the column marked "Daily Average" should represent values are determined to be less than the detectable limit(as
an average for the average for the days the discharge actually determined by referenced standard analytical techniques
occurs. Average values are not to be supplied for pH, and/or instrument manufacturer's literature), specify "LT
specific conductance, and bacteriological parameters (e.g., (value of detectable limit)" in the appropriate space. For
coliform bacteria). example, if the detectable limit is .005 mg/I and quantities
Columns 4 and S.—Supply minimum and maximum value of less than this are determined, specify "LT.005." Do not
observed (or expected for new discharge) over any one day enter descriptors such as "NIL." "TRACE," "NEG;' etc.,
when the discharge is operating. for this purpose.If it is your reasoned judgement that one or
Column 6.—Specify the average frequency of analysis for more of the required parameters'is not present in the initial
each parameter as number analyses per number of days(e.g., untreated or treated process water and/or the discharge,
"3/7" is equivalent to three analyses performed every 7 enter an "A" (meaning"absent") in the appropriate space.
days). If continuous, enter "CONT." When analyses are In order for values reported to be representative, it is
conducted on more than one individual grab sample col- recommended that they be based on from at least five to
lected during the same day, the analysis frequency should seven analyses of composite samples (if applicable). Each of
reflect one analysis whose value is the average of the the composite samples should he obtained by compositing
individual grab sample measurements. Average frequency frequent samples in proportion to flow over an *operating
should he based on an operating month. day. Samples should be taken during period of maximum
Column 7.—Specify the number of analyses performed at production, if possible. If samples are taken at periods of
the average frequency specified in column 6,up to 365. less than maximum production, state in "Remarks" the
Column 8.—Specify sample type as follows: percent of maximum production that was obtained during of
G For grab sample (individual sample collected in less the sampling period.
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GPO U5.710

2 G HICKORY
0 CAT I CtJ

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4555 IV NE JUIY C T ION 9 MI
SCALE 1:24000 BURNSVILLE- '12 M)
0 1 MILE
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET
5 0 1 KILOMETEF? 74�,
. P�l
40 feet with 20 foot contours shown by broken line 7
Datum is mean sea level
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--------- 2 82*15,
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Polyconic projection. 1927 North American datum
10.000 foot grid based on North Carolina and V1.
TermeSSWC(angujar coordinate systems
HARD 1 V )-E;t viOUSLVSURFACCO ROADS
orHEP m4im rRAVELED ROADS
U S HIGHWAY @ srATE POWE
HUNTDALE N.C..,TF.MN..

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DC-31 i
I I
` DW31 1 �
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I . RV-3l
w.a�. t l I
I flooalont TA-37 '
I I
I M4ZO; r- - — PU-37 1 r
Mf1 fn-3o I PU-441 I ,
... HT-39 MT-40
fi ri-- -
PRIMARY WASTE
TREATMENT
PU-41 PU•42
715
.TA-32
VP-31
Qsdmrge
to Fiver
I � i
I� TA-31 1
PU-31
PU-32
C00FICIEFITift unimin
CONFIDENTIAL t0rAWN-------[XU �;;�
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UV" No.
+-.
Eir

ATTACHMENT C — WATER BALANCE SCHEMATIC
Red Hill Quartz Plant NPDES
Process River water Water Filtration
Intake .638 MGD
.682MGD
.176 MGD
.400 MGD
Non Contact Cooling
Water
.576 MGD
Filtered water
recycle
.274 MGD
Stormwater
Water Deionization Quartz Purification
.224 MGD H .219 MGD
Water Filitration
High
and Deionization
Purity
Backwash
Quartz
.019 MGD
Air Pollution Control
Wet Scrubbers
.126 MGD
Other Misc
Uses
.044 MGD
Emergency
pond
.408 MGD Process Waste Water
Treatment
.408 MGD
NPDES Stormwater NPDES Discharge Sludge Disposal
Discharge Point 002 Point 001
682 MGD
r.�

_ /� ,H,•i 1 600 / - � ' J "t � -�. ) �•i.l � 1., lam- _ � 1 ,, / .J �r � ' 1 r
Tipton —Hill
` •JO J-'', \ .(�/L i - - tt� : I - \ I 1`, r
i T PIC
42
14
- `BM H J , J
\ -2058
-N, IT 'H' ► /'
t / •°o
IT
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1

ATTACHMENT E
SUMMARY OF FLUORIDE TREATMENT LOADING
FOR HIGH PURITY QUARTZ PRODUCTION
The best available treatment technology for the treatment of HF
containing waste streams is to neutralize the waste water using Lime,
Ca(OH) 2 , this results in the formation of a relative low solubility
salt, calcium fluoride (CaF2) . The solubility constant of CaF2 is 17
mg/1 which means that when the concentration of the CaF2 is above 17
mg/1 the solution of CaF2 will start to form a precipitate. This
precipitated CaF2 can then be flocculated and removed using standard
suspended solids removal technology. In practice however the
practical removal limit which has been achieved is 27 mg/1. The
higher value is probably caused due to some of the finely divided
precipitates being carried over in the treated overflow.
In analyzing the appropriate fluoride loading for the best
available treatment technology of fluoride removal by CaF2
precipitation the use of pounds of fluoride per million gallons of
discharge would seem to be appropriate. This number would reflect
the 27 mg/i practical treatment limit of the CaF2 treatment method.
Using the 27 mg/1 as the limit of the treatment technology times
million gallons per day of discharge one would get a discharge level
of 225 pounds of F- per million gallons of discharge as a treatment
limit. This number Unimin feels could be used by all producers using
the best available treatment technology of CaF2 precipitation for
fluoride removal.
The Spruce Pine Quartz plant averaged 203 lbs. , F- per million
gallons during 1994 and 1995 and we are seeing similar numbers for
the Crystal plant' s new treatment system which is currently not
discharging through the permitted outfall but still is tied into
Feldspar' s treatment system.
By using the CaF2 treatment limit of 225 pounds/MGD as the
treatment limit the proposed discharge of .682 MGD would yield a
discharge limit of 154 pounds of F-/ day as an appropriate average
daily fluoride loading for the Red Hill Quartz Plant NPDES.
cori{r a Ei 1�