20210306 Ver 3_ThunderSwamp_100181_MY1_2022_20230120

ID#* 20210306 Version* 3
Select Reviewer:
Katie Merritt
Initial Review Completed Date 01/23/2023
Mitigation Project Submittal - 1/20/2023
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?* O Yes O No
Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:* Email Address:*
Emily Dunnigan [e-mail]
Project Information
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ID#:* 20210306 Version:* 3
Existing ID# Existing Version
Project Type: • DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Thunder Swamp Mitigation BUFFER Site
County: Wayne
Document Information
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
File Upload: ThunderSwamp_100181_MY1_2022.pdf 13.19MB
Please upload only one PDF of the complete file that needs to be submitted...
Signature
Print Name:* Emily Dunnigan
Signature:

Year 1 Monitoring Report
FINAL
THUNDER SWAMP MITIGATION PROJECT
NCDMS Project #100181 (Contract #0402-04)
RFP #16-20200402
DWR Project #2021-0306 V3

Wayne County, North Carolina
Neuse River Basin
HUC 03020201

Provided by:

Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC
for Environmental Banc & Exchange, LLC (EBX)
Provided for:
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
January 2023

January 12, 2023

Jamey McEachran
Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC
3600 Glenwood Ave., Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612

Subject: Task 5 Draft Year 1 Monitoring Report Comments
Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project (DMS #100185)
Neuse River 03020201; Wayne County, NC
Contract No. 0402-04

Dear Ms. McEachran:

On December 20, 2022, DMS received the Draft Year 1 Monitoring Report for the Thunder Swamp
Buffer Mitigation Project from Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC (RES). DMS has completed our
review of the draft report and has the following comments:

1. Section 4.3: Edit typo of baseline results to year 1 for volunteer species.

2. Table 2: Fill in cumulative results column for MY1 data.

3. Please add the invasive area(s) to the CCPV and Visual Vegetation Assessment Table if
greater than 0.10 acres.

4. Please confirm with the surveyor that the easement pins were installed as shown on the
survey plats with stamped corresponding numbers.

Please make the requested revisions and provide one (1) pdf copy of the revised Monitoring Report,
the required digital data, and a response to comments letter for DMS review. The comment
response letter should be included in the revised report and included after the report cover page.

If you have any questions, please contact me at any time. I can be reached at [phone] or email me
at [e-mail].
Sincerely,

Emily Dunnigan
Project Manager
NCDEQ - Division of Mitigation Services

217 West Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27603
Raleigh, NC 27603
919-817-6534

3600 Glenwood Avenue, Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612

Corporate Headquarters
6575 W Loop S #300

Bellaire, TX 77401
Main: 713.520.5400

January 17, 2023
Emily Dunnigan
NC DEQ Division of Mitigation Services
217 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27604
RE: Thunder Swamp, Project ID #100185, DMS Contract #0402-04
Listed below are comments provided by DMS on January 12, 2023 regarding the Thunder
Swamp Buffer Mitigation Project Year 1 Monitoring Report and RESÔ responses.

Comments:
1. Section 4.3: Edit typo of baseline results to year 1 for volunteer species.
Typo has been corrected.

2. Table 2: Fill in cumulative results column for MY1 data.
Table updated with results.

3. Please add the invasive area(s) to the CCPV and Visual Vegetation Assessment Table if greater
than 0.10 acres.
Invasive areas have been added to the CCPV and Visual Assessment Table. Note that the overall
depicted area has already been treated for Chinese privet, but some privet likely remains.
Therefore, the area will be re-assessed and retreated during MY2.

4. Please confirm with the surveyor that the easement pins were installed as shown on the
survey plats with stamped corresponding numbers.
We have informed the surveyor, and it will be completed by next yearÔs monitoring.

res.us

Table of Contents
1Mitigation Project Summary .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 1
2Regulatory Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 1
2.1Determination of Credits ........................................................................................................... 1
2.2Asset Map .................................................................................................................................. 2
3Baseline .................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1Planting ...................................................................................................................................... 2
3.2Other Activities ......................................................................................................................... 2
4Annual Monitoring ................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 3
4.3Results and Discussion .............................................................................................................. 3
4.4Maintenance and Management .................................................................................................. 4
5References .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Appendix A: Background Tables and Site Maps
Table 1: Buffer Project Areas and Assets
Table 2: Goals, Performance, and Results
Table 3: Project Attributes
Table 4: Project Timeline and Contacts
Figure 1: Site Location Map
Figure 2: As-built Asset Map
Figure 3: Current Conditions Plan View Map
Appendix B: Vegetation Assessment Data
Plant Species Summary
Stem Count Total and Planted by Plot Species
Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary Table
Visual Vegetation Assessment Table
Appendix C: Photos
Vegetation Plot Photos
i

1Mitigation Project Summary
1.1 Project Location and Description
Environmental Banc & Exchange, LLC (EBX), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resource Environmental
Solutions (RES), is pleased to provide the Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project (Project), a full-delivery
buffer mitigation project for the Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) (DMS Project #100181). The
Thunder Swamp Project is within the Neuse River Basin within the 8-digit HUC 03020201,
030202011170030 and DWR Sub-basin Number 03-04-12. The Project easement is located in Wayne
County in Mt. Olive, NC and can be accessed by NC Highway 55 just west of downtown Mt. Olive (Figure
1). The coordinates are 35.205212° and -78.095683°.

This buffer project provides riparian buffer mitigation credits for unavoidable impacts due to development
within the Neuse River Basin, United States Geological Survey (USGS) 8-digit Cataloguing Unit 03020201
(Neuse 01), excluding Falls Lake Watershed (Figure 1). This Buffer Mitigation Plan is in accordance with
the Consolidated Buffer Mitigation Rule 15A NCAC 02B .0295 and Nutrient Offset Credit Trading Rule
15A NCAC 02B .0703. The Thunder Swamp Project consists of a contiguous conservation easement that
totals approximately 13.34 acres and includes three unnamed stream tributaries to Thunder Swamp.
Thunder Swamp is a USGS-named stream that eventually drains to the Neuse River. Pre-existing land use
within the Project was crop production and riparian forest. Water quality stressors previously affecting the
Project included heavily manipulated/relocated and maintained stream channels, nutrient loadings from
active crop production, and lack of forested riparian buffers.

The Thunder Swamp Project is comprised of three intermittent stream channels: DJ1, DJ2, and DJ3 and
one ephemeral stream channel, DJ7. All streams have been straightened and are incised. Furthermore, the
fifty-foot riparian buffers of two stream reaches (DJ1 and DJ3) were determined to be subject to the Neuse
buffer protection rules (ÐSubjectÑ), whereas the other two stream reaches (DJ2 and DJ7) are not subject to
the Neuse buffer protection rules (ÐNon-subjectÑ). This Project was also codeveloped with a buffer
mitigation and nutrient offset bank that extends riparian buffer areas associated with this ProjectÓs streams
as well as incorporate additional stream features on the property.

The goal of the Project is to restore and preserve ecological function to the existing streams and their
associated riparian buffer areas by establishing appropriate plant communities while minimizing temporal
and land disturbing impacts. This is being accomplished through the planting, establishment, and protection
of a hardwood forest community. The result will be a riparian area that functions to mitigate nutrient and
sediment inputs from the surrounding uplands. Buffer and surrounding riparian area improvements will
filter runoff from agricultural fields, thereby reducing nutrient and sediment loads to Project channels and
provide water quality benefit to the overall watershed. The Project will provide significant functional uplift
to the watershed and will assist DMS with achieving its mitigation goals in the Neuse 01 watershed,
excluding the Falls Lake Watershed.

2Regulatory Considerations
2.1 Determination of Credits
2
This Project has the potential to generate up to 420,320.284 ft riparian buffer mitigation credits within a
13.34-acre conservation easement. These will be derived from buffer restoration and buffer preservation.
The riparian buffer mitigation credits generated will service the Neuse 01 watershed, excluding the Falls
Lake Watershed. The total potential buffer mitigation credits that the Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project
will generate are detailed in Table 1, Appendix A. Where viable, buffer mitigation credits can be converted
to nutrient offset credit in accordance with the Nutrient Offset Credit Trading Rule, 15A NCAC 02B .0703.
Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project 1 Year 1 Monitoring Report
DMS Project #100181 December 2022

2.2 Asset Map
See Figure 2, Appendix A.

3Baseline
3.1 Planting
The initial planting of bare root trees occurred in Spring 2022. All riparian restoration areas are planted
from top of bank back at least 50 feet from streams with bare root tree seedlings on a nine by six-foot
spacing to achieve an initial density of approximately 792 trees per acre. In addition, these areas were
seeded with an herbaceous seed mix to provide rapid herbaceous cover and promote immediate buffer
effectiveness as well as habitat for pollinators and other wildlife. The seed blend contains both temporary
and permanent seed and includes taproot species. The seed was sown utilizing a no-till drill. Planting
occurred in all areas proposed for riparian buffer restoration and meets the performance standards outlined
in the Rule 15A NCAC 02B .0295. This includes treating invasive species and planting of at least four
species of native hardwood bare root trees. Mixed-Mesic Hardwood Forest (Coastal Plain subtype)
(Schafale 2012) is the target community type and was used for all areas within the Project. This community
composition is highly diverse and is suitable given the ProjectÓs soil and landscape characteristics and will
provide water quality and ecological benefits. The list of planted bare root tree species and their percentage
of total species composition can be found in Appendix B. Wherever possible, mature vegetation has been
preserved and incorporated into the buffer.

3.2 Other Activities
Other activities involved with the Project included ditch plugging and bank stabilization efforts, including
benching, grading, matting, tree removal, and live staking where bank stability was compromised and where
erosional rills, sink holes, and gullies were identified. One agricultural ditch (Ditch A) was plugged in order
to eliminate concentrated flow from entering Reach DJ2 and ensuring diffuse flow within the riparian area.
The ditch footprint was then planted heavily with live stakes. Areas of actively eroding banks were
stabilized by grading and/or benching banks to a stable dimension followed by matting, seeding, and
planting. One such area also required the removal of two large sweetgum trees, as they were at risk of
falling and collapsing the stream bank. Live stakes were be planted on stream banks where stability was
compromised, such as existing areas of erosion. There were also two identified erosional rills that conveyed
concentrated flow within the riparian area. These were be stabilized by installing hay bales and coir log
check dams followed by live stake planting and will ensure diffuse flow within the riparian area. All
construction activity information was detailed in the ÐThunder Swamp As-built Baseline Monitoring
Report.Ñ

4Annual Monitoring
4.1 Methods
Annual vegetation monitoring and visual assessments will be conducted. Monitoring plots were installed a
minimum of 100 meters squared in size and cover at least two percent of the planted mitigation area. These
plots were randomly placed throughout the planted riparian buffer mitigation area (10.58 acres) and are
representative of the riparian restoration conditions. The following data is recorded for all trees in the plots:
species, height, planting date (or volunteer), and grid location. All stems in plots are flagged with flagging
tape. Data is processed using the ÐVegetation Table Shiny ToolÑ made available by DMS in December
Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project 2 Year 1 Monitoring Report
DMS Project #100181 December 2022

2021 and is reported in accordance with the most recent DMS requirements and templates. In the field, the
four corners of each plot were permanently marked with PVC at the origin and metal conduit at the other
corners. There are 9 fixed vegetation monitoring plots (Figure 3). These plots were planted and monitored
in conjunction with plots 10-25 of the Thunder Swamp Phase II project site.
Photos are to be taken at all vegetation plot origins each monitoring year and be provided in the annual
reports. Visual inspections and photos will be taken to ensure that areas are being maintained and compliant.
The measures of vegetative success for the Project are the survival of at least four native hardwood tree
species, where no one species is greater than 50 percent of stems, at a density of at least 260 stems per acre
at the end of Year 5. Native volunteer species may be included to meet the performance standards as
determined by NC Division of Water Resources (DWR).
A visual assessment of the conservation easement is also performed each year to confirm:
Easement boundary markers/signage are in good condition throughout the site;
No encroachment has occurred;
No invasive species in areas where invasive species were treated;
Diffuse flow is being maintained in the conservation easement areas; and
There has not been any cutting, clearing, filling, grading, or similar activities that would
negatively affect the functioning of the buffer.
Component/ Monitoring
Maintenance through project close-out
Feature
Vegetation Annual Vegetation shall be maintained to ensure the health and vigor of the targeted plant
vegetation community. Routine vegetation maintenance and repair activities may include
monitoring supplemental planting, pruning, mulching, and fertilizing. Exotic invasive plant species
shall be treated by mechanical and/or chemical methods. Any vegetation requiring
herbicide application will be performed in accordance with NC Department of
Agriculture (NCDA) rules and regulations. Vegetation maintenance activities will be
documented and reported in annual monitoring reports. Vegetation maintenance will
continue through the monitoring period.
Invasive and Nuisance Visual Invasive and noxious species will be monitored and treated so that none become
Vegetation Assessment dominant or alter the desired community structure of the Project. Locations of invasive
and nuisance vegetation will be mapped.
Project Boundary Visual Project boundaries shall be identified in the field to ensure clear distinction between the
Assessment mitigation project and adjacent properties. Boundaries are marked with signs identifying
the property as a mitigation project and will include the name of the long-term steward
and a contact number. Boundaries may be identified by fence, marker, bollard, post, tree-
blazing, or other means as allowed by Project conditions and/or conservation easement.
Boundary markers disturbed, damaged, or destroyed will be repaired and/or replaced on
an as-needed basis. Easement monitoring and staking/ signage maintenance will
continue in perpetuity as a stewardship activity.

4.2 Vegetation Assessment Tables
See Appendix B.

4.3 Results and Discussion
th
Monitoring of 9 fixed vegetation plots was completed on November 29, 2022. Vegetation tables are in
Appendix B and associated photos are in Appendix C. MY1 monitoring data indicates that all plots are
exceeding the success criteria of 260 planted stems per acre. Planted stem densities ranged from 526 to 891
planted stems per acre with a mean of 737 planted stems per acre across all plots. A total of 12 species were
Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project 3 Year 1 Monitoring Report
DMS Project #100181 December 2022

documented within the plots. Volunteer species were not noted at MY1 monitoring but are expected to
establish in upcoming years. The average tree height observed was 1.7 feet.
Visual assessment of vegetation outside of the monitoring plots indicates that the herbaceous vegetation is
becoming well established throughout the project. Chinese privet, an invasive species located in forested
preservation areas, was initially treated in May 2022, and the kill appears effective. Easement boundary
markers and signs are clearly visible and in good condition. Additionally, there were no signs of
encroachment or undocumented concentrated flow in the easement area.

4.4 Maintenance and Management
Chinese Privet will continue to be monitored and treated in the preservation areas as needed in the following
monitoring year.
5References
NC Environmental Management Commission. 2014. Rule 15A NCAC 02B.0295 - Mitigation Program
Requirements for the Protection and Maintenance of Riparian Buffers.
NC Environmental Management Commission. 2020. Rule 15A NCAC 02B.0714 Î Neuse River Basin:
Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategy: Protection and Maintenance of Existing
Riparian Buffers.

NC Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services. 2021. Vegetation Table Shiny
Tool. https://ncdms.shinyapps.io/Veg_Table_Tool/.
Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC (2022). Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project. Final Mitigation
Plan.

Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC (2022). Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project. As-built Baseline
Monitoring Report.

Schafale, M.P. 2012. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Fourth
Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation,
NCDENR, Raleigh, NC.
Thunder Swamp Mitigation Project 4 Year 1 Monitoring Report
DMS Project #100181 December 2022

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Vegetation Plot 2 (11/29/2022)Vegetation Plot 4 (11/29/2022)

Monitoring Plot Photos
Vegetation Plot 1 (11/29/2022) Vegetation Plot 3 (11/29/2022)
Thunder Swamp MY1 Vegetation

Vegetation Plot 6 (11/29/2022)Vegetation Plot 8 (11/29/2022)

Vegetation Plot 5 (11/29/2022) Vegetation Plot 7 (11/29/2022)

Vegetation Plot 9 (11/29/2022)