HomeMy WebLinkAboutTom_CuffneyInvertebrate traits
Compilations of biological
characteristics useful for PHABSIM
and ecological flow studies
Invertebrate traits: examples
•Water body: lotic, lentic, wetland, etc.
•Habitat type: pool, run, riffle
•Velocity preferences: slow, fast, laminar, turbulent
•Substrate preferences: silt, sand, gravel, etc.
•Elevation: upper and lower limits
•Body size, shape, adaptations for current/locomotion
•Life cycle: voltinism, emergence, oviposition
•Feeding guilds: filter‐feeders, collector‐gatherers, etc.
•Tolerances: general, stressor‐specific
Major compilations of traits
•Barbour, M.T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B.D., and Stribling, J.B.,
1999, Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for use in Streams
and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic
Macroinvertebrates and Fish. U.S.EPA, EPA 841‐B‐99‐002.
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/monitoring/rsl/bioassessment
/index.cfm
•Vieira, N.K.M., Poff, N.L., Carlisle, D.M., Moulton, S.R., II,
Koski, M.L. and Kondratieff, B.C., 2006, A database of lotic
invertebrate traits for North America: U.S.G.S. Data Series
187.
•http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ds187.
Invertebrate traits:
Vieira et al. 2006 USGS DS‐187
•Compilation from 967 publications
•2,200 species, 1,165 genera, 249 families
•Traits:
–Water body type (lotic, lentic, etc.)
–Elevation (upper, lower limits)
–Body size, shape, adaptations for current/locomotion
–Life cycle (voltinism, emergence, oviposition)
–Velocity preferences (slow, fast, laminar, turbulent)
–Substrate preferences (silt, sand, gravel, etc.)
–Feeding guilds
–Tolerances
–Etc.
•Incomplete
Relevance to EF‐SAB and
PHABSIM
PHABSIM
•Husdson et al. 2003 NZ critique
–Many technical considerations
–Hydrologic, habitat, ecological (HSC)
•Based on literature
–Very useful…widely used for game fish
•“The greatest single constraint to the proper
implementation of IFIM* [PHABSIM] is the use
of accurately derived habitat suitability
curves”
*Instream Flow Incremental Methodology
Issues
•Estimation of habitat suitability curves (HSC):
–Taxonomic resolution
•Fish: species/guilds
•Invertebrates: order
–Surrogates (transferability)
•Species: substitute one species for another
•Rivers: substitute one river for another
–Scale
•Habitat‐velocity measurements and microhabitat velocity
•Relevance to HB 1743
Invertebrate taxonomic resolution
•HSC curves for different taxonomic levels are
not readily available
•Velocity and substrate preferences are
available for many taxa (species traits)
•Preferences are useful for examining
variability within taxonomic‐level
summarizations
Velocity traits summarized at different
taxonomic levels (from DS 187)
Velocity preference
Taxa
level Quiet Slow
Fast,
laminar
Fast,
turbulent
Multiple
categories
Order 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
Family 0.0 4.8 14.3 0.0 81.0
Genus 3.6 18.8 29.7 10.9 37.0
Species 4.4 18.9 31.1 16.7 28.9
Percentage of designations in each velocity preference category or in multiple
categories
Ephemeroptera
Habitat traits for net‐spinning
caddisflies
Taxon Sand Silt Gravel Rocks Boulder Plants Algae
Hydropsyche alhedra X X
Hydropsyche occidentalis X X X
Hydropsychebetteni XXXXXXX
Hydropsyche arinale X X X X
Chimarra aterrima X X X
Dolophilodes distinctus X X
Trichoptera: net‐spinners (Hydropsychidae, Philopotamidae)
Functional groups and tolerance:
Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae
Taxon Tolerance* Functional group
Hydropysche
aerata 2.60 Filtering‐collector
betteni 5.93 Filtering‐collector
bidens 2.50 Filtering‐collector
californica 4.00 Filtering‐collector
decalda 4.30 Filtering‐collector
demora 2.06 Filtering‐collector
dicantha 3.50 Filtering‐collector
elissoma 4.00 Filtering‐collector
frisoni 1.80 Filtering‐collector
hageni 0.00 Filtering‐collector
incommoda 5.89 Filtering‐collector
*Tolerance range: 0 (intolerant) to 10 (tolerant)
Invertebrate Traits and Ecological Flows
•Order level is not sufficient to represent
responses of macroinvertebrates to flow
•Transferability among streams: low
•Consider taxa traits when….
–choosing surrogates (ecologically equivalent?)
–choosing taxa to represent the community
(represent range of function or adaptations to
flow?)
Definitions in House Bill 1743
•Ecological flow – “the stream flow necessary to
protect ecological integrity”.
•Ecological integrity – “the ability of an aquatic system
to support and maintain a balanced, integrated,
adaptive community of organisms having a species
composition, diversity, and functional organization
comparable to prevailing ecological conditions and,
when subject to disruption, to recover and continue
to provide the natural goods and services that
normally accrue from the system”.
Diversity (richness) by community type
NC Piedmont example
Community
type No. taxa
Fish 66
Invertebrates 207
Algae 249
Macrophytes ??
Cannot Derive HSC’s for all taxa
•Select taxa that represent key ecological
characteristics:
–Functional guilds
–Feeding guilds
–Velocity preferences, adaptations
–Substrate preferences
–Life cycles: length, behavior, fecundity
•Done for fish?
•Not done for invertebrates?
Key questions for EF‐SAB
•Should the quality of the ecological information (HSC)
match the quality of the hydrology and habitat
characterization?
•Do we examine similar guilds/taxa/functional groups
across sites (ignore differences among streams)?
–Emphasize commonality, de‐emphasize differences
–Transferability issues
•Examine important guilds/taxa/functional groups in
each stream (include differences among streams)?
–More complex
–Captures more of the unique aspects of each stream
Velocity (m/s)
Su
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
va
l
u
e
Average
Substrate index
Su
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
va
l
u
e
Inter‐stream HSC Transferability:
Mayfly Deleatidium in 4 NZ streams
Depth (m)
Su
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
va
l
u
e
Average
Average