HomeMy WebLinkAboutsummaryEcological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
August
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
1
of
30
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
(EFSAB)
Meeting
Summary
August
16,
2011
Research
Triangle
Park,
RTP
NC
X
October
18,
2011
APPROVED
for
Distribution
Attendance
Members
Donnie
Brewer,
EMC
Mark
Cantrell,
US
Fish
&
Wildlife
Service
Bob
Christian,
NC
Marine
Fisheries
Commission
Tom
Cuffney,
U.S.
Geological
Survey
Linda
Diebolt,
Local
Governments
Chris
Goudreau,
NC
Wildlife
Resources
Commission
Jeff
Hinshaw,
NC
Cooperative
Extension
Jim
Mead,
NC
Division
of
Water
Resources
Sam
Pearsall,
Environmental
Defense
Judy
Ratcliffe,
NC
Natural
Heritage
Program
Jaime
Robinson,
NCAWWA-‐WEA
Fritz
Rhode,
National
Marine
Fisheries
Service
Jay
Sauber,
NC
Division
of
Water
Quality
Peter
Caldwell,
NC
Division
of
Forest
Resources
Alternates
Cat
Burns,
The
Nature
Conservancy
Vernon
Cox,
NCDA&CS
Sarah
McRae,
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
Vann
Stancil,
Wildlife
Resources
Commission
Fred
Tarver,
NC
Division
of
Water
Resources
NC
Division
of
Water
Resources
Tom
Fransen
Don
Rayno
Sarah
Young
Facilitation
Team
Mary
Lou
Addor,
Natural
Resources
Leadership
Institute
(NRLI)
Patrick
Beggs,
Watershed
Education
for
Communities
and
Officials
(WECO)
Christy
Perrin,
Watershed
Education
for
Communities
and
Officials
(WECO)
Nancy
Sharpless,
Natural
Resources
Leadership
Institute
(NRLI)
Guests:
Brampa
Bergarm,
RTI
Michelle
Cutrofello,
RTI
Mary
Davis,
TNC/SARP
Michele
Drostin,
UNC-‐IE
Robert
Dykes,
RTI
Lars
Hanson,
TJCOG
Peter
Ilieve,
RTI
Phillip
Jones,
RTI
Fekadu
Moreda,
RTI
Aaron
Parks,
RTI
Haywood
Phthisic,
LNBA/NRCA
Peter
Raibe,American
Rivers
Ken
Rekhow,
RTI
Nancy
Scott,
RTI
Eric
Solna,
RTI
Amy
Wesley-‐Snider,
RTI
The
purpose
of
the
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board:
The
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
will
advise
NC
Department
Environment
and
Natural
Resources
(NCDENR)
on
an
approach
to
characterize
the
aquatic
ecology
of
different
river
basins
and
methods
to
determine
the
flows
needed
to
maintain
ecological
integrity.
Presentations,
reports,
and
background
information
about
the
E-‐Flows
SAB
are
available
at:
www.ncwater.org/sab
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
2
of
30
NOTE:
The
next
meeting
of
the
EF
SAB
is
12:30,
September
20,
2011
at
the
Archdale
Building,
ground
floor
hearing
room,
Raleigh,
NC.
August
16,
2011
Quick
Summary:
I. Decisions
Made;
A. The
June
21,
2011
Meeting
Summary
was
approved.
II. Decisions
Identified
That
Need
to
be
Made
A. Develop
criteria
for
success
in
assessing
the
habitat
modeling
approach.
B. Does
the
habitat
modeling
accurately
predict
the
effect
on
habitat
as
flow
is
altered
(validate
the
model)?
C. If
the
EFSAB
becomes
comfortable
that
the
habitat
modeling
does
accurately
predict
the
effect
on
habitat
as
flow
is
altered,
do
these
changes
in
habitat
translate
into
something
that
is
biologically
meaningful
(does
habitat
predict
biology)?
D. Does
the
EFSAB
want
to
establish
a
subcommittee
to
assess
whether
the
stream
classes
are
representative
of
the
state
of
the
biological
community?
E. Is
the
EFSAB
going
to
characterize
the
ecology
in
some
way
other
than
habitat?
F. Develop
a
shared
definition
of
the
charge
of
the
legislation.
III. Suggestions
for
How
to
Most
Usefully
Present
the
Eno
River
Flow
Scenario
Results
for
Assessment
A. Do
fewer
scenarios
on
more
sites
for
assessing
utility
of
approach
B. Choose
representative
indices
to
run
on
multiple
sites
in
same
class.
C. Use
a
3-‐D
graph
instead
of
bar
charts,
overlaying
the
seasons.
D. Because
it
appears
to
be
a
linear
relationship,
instead
of
running
5%,
10%,
15%,
20%...withdrawals,
run
10%,
20%,
30%...as
a
first
cut.
E. Show
actual
numbers
for
habitat,
resulting
from
various
flow
scenarios
(like
the
tables
presented),
rather
than
just
showing
percentage
changes
because
a
small
change
can
make
a
large
change
in
percentage
when
looking
at
a
small
amount
of
a
particular
habitat,
but
that
habitat
may
be
important.
F. Use
a
pie
chart.
G. Use
data
labels
with
bar
charts
to
show
magnitudes.
H. Continue
to
produce
all
of
the
types
of
results
presented
at
this
meeting.
August
16,
2011Meeting
Agenda
I. Executive
Summary……………………………………………………………………………p.
3
II. Welcome……………………………………………………………………………………………p.
4
III. Presentation
of
WaterFALL
Model………………………………………………………p.
4
IV. EFSAB
“Path
Forward”
Conceptual
Framework:
An
Overview…………….p.
8
V. Review
of
June
21,
2011
Meeting
Summary………………………………………..p.
17
VI. Presentation
of
Eno
River
Flow
Scenarios…………………………………………..p.
17
VII. Agenda
for
next
meeting……………………………………………………………………p.
30
VIII. Directions to September 20, 2011 Meeting………………………………...p. 30
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
3
of
30
Process chart: Evaluating methods to determine
ecological flow
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I.
Executive
Summary
(the
executive
summary
was
added
by
the
facilitators
in
February
2013)
Purpose
of
Meeting:
To
learn
about
the
WaterFALL
model;
to
discuss
the
path
forward
for
the
EFSAB;
and
see
a
presentation
of
Eno
River
Flow
Scenarios
and
provide
Jim
Mead
with
guidance
on
how
to
best
present
results
in
the
future.
WaterFALL Model Presentation with Robert Dykes and Michelle Cutrafello
link to WaterFALL presentation
Go to the WaterFALL fact sheet to learn about WaterFALL.
EFSAB Process Overview and Timeline
The facilitators presented a proposed process overview and timeline developed by the
Division of Water Resources and the facilitation team:
Beginning
with
this
meeting,
the
EFSAB
will
begin
looking
at
scenarios
using
the
habitat-‐
based
approach
(in
blue).
If
the
EFSAB
feels
that
the
results
from
the
Eno
River
State
Park
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
4
of
30
and
the
Eno
River
at
Hillsborough
are
useful,
the
next
step
would
be
to
test
that
model
on
other
small,
flashy
streams.
If
those
results
look
satisfactory,
the
next
step
would
be
to
expand
to
other
stream
classifications.
If
the
results
from
the
Eno
River
State
Park
do
not
look
promising,
the
EFSAB
could
still
investigate
using
that
approach
for
other
classifications
or
move
on
to
assessing
other
approaches.
In
parallel,
DWR
is
investigating
how
an
approach
could
be
developed
using
biological
data
(in
green).
Additional
approaches
(in
orange)
could
include
those
being
developed
in
Michigan
and
Virginia,
about
which
the
EFSAB
has
been
forwarded
articles.
Additionally,
there
is
a
USGS
method
that
could
be
investigated.
Regarding
the
timeline,
in
the
months
remaining
in
this
year,
the
EFSAB
will
assess
the
habitat
model
approach
and
begin
discussing
pros
and
cons
of
other
approaches.
For
each
listed
task
there
are
a
number
of
subtasks
and
a
number
of
decision
points
for
each.
The
timeline
only
highlights
primary
decision
points.
The
EFSAB
need
not
be
limited
to
one
approach.
Different
approaches
might
be
used
for
different
classifications
of
streams,
for
example.
Eno
River
Flow
Scenarios
with
Jim
Mead
(DWR)
(presentations
can
be
found
at
ncwater.org)
Jim Mead emphasized that the EFSAB would be looking at results this day to get at
some questions that came up while running these scenarios, that need to be addressed
before running the remaining scenarios, NOT to compare different scenarios and their
effects on a particular habitat or guild.
Questions/Comments/Concerns Raised
1. Can
models
on
more
than
one
site
be
run
at
a
time?
2. Is
WaterFALL
a
substitute
for
OASIS
that
could
be
run
in
a
more
timely
manner?
3. What is our measure of success for the habitat modeling?
4. We need to determine if the current stream classifications had sufficiently limited
variability that those clusters are useful for both biology and hydrology.
II.
Welcome,
Agenda
Review
and
Introductions
Mary
Lou
Addor,
facilitator,
welcomed
everyone
to
the
sixth
meeting
of
the
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
(EFSAB).
She
introduced
herself
and
the
facilitation
team,
reviewed
the
agenda
for
the
meeting,
and
oriented
everyone
to
the
meeting
facility.
All
attendees
were
invited
to
introduce
themselves
III.
WaterFALL
Model
Presentation
Presenters:
Robert
Dykes,
Michelle
Cutrafello
Team:
Jay
Rineer,
Fekadu
Moreda,
Brandon
Bergenroth
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
5
of
30
Robert
Dykes
and
Michelle
Cutrafello,
RTI,
provided
a
presentation
on
their
WaterFALL
(Watershed
Flow
and
ALLocation)
model,
including
demonstrations
of
the
model
in
action.
The
powerpoint
presentation,
as
well
as
the
fact
sheet,
is
available
on
the
EFSAB
website.
This
summary
contains
an
overview
provided
in
the
RTI
WaterFALL
factsheet,
comments
from
the
presenters,
followed
by
questions
and
discussion
from
EFSAB
members.
From
WaterFALL
fact
sheet:
RTI
has
built
a
new
watershed
modeling
tool
and
decision-‐support
platform
to
enable
interactive
quantitative
investigation
of
water
availability
and
allocation
at
multiple
geographic
scales.
The
Watershed
Flow
and
ALLocation
(WaterFALL™)
system
employs
an
established
hydrologic
model,
the
Generalized
Water
Loading
Function
(GWLF)
that
has
been
modified
to
run
on
EPA’s
enhanced
National
Hydrography
Dataset
(NHDPlus)
hydrologic
network.
RTI
has
indexed
extensive
data
layers
(precipitation,
temperature,
land
cover,
soils,
topography,
hydrologic
parameters)
onto
each
individual
NHDPlus
catchment
to
provide
all
of
the
input
data
needed
to
parameterize
and
run
the
GWLF
model
within
a
catchment.
Routing
routines
are
embedded
to
allow
the
cumulative
water
resource
impacts
across
any
number
of
user-‐selected
catchments
to
be
quantified.
Advantages
of
this
distributed
model
architecture
include:
• Scalability.
The
model,
which
is
based
on
a
physically
delineated
network
of
catchments,
can
be
run
on
a
single
catchment
or
any
hydrologic
unit
upstream
of
a
user
selected
catchment
up
to
entire
watersheds.
• Portability.
The
model
can
be
run
anywhere
on
the
NHDPlus
network
(i.e.
the
contiguous
U.S.)
with
minimal
model
set
up,
calibration,
or
additional
data
inputs.
• Accessibility.
The
model
is
built
on
an
advanced
Oracle
web-‐server
delivery
platform
and
can
be
accessed
from
almost
any
internet
connected
computer.
• Usability.
The
model
employs
simple
graphical
interfaces
for
spatial
navigation
and
a
variety
of
other
tools
to
facilitate
“what
if?”
analyses
in
real
time.
• Granularity.
The
model
is
distributed
across
many
very
small
NHDPlus
catchments
providing
heightened
sensitivity
to
geographic
variations
in
land
cover
and
climate
variables
across
a
selected
study
region.
WaterFALL™
has
been
developed
with
the
intention
to
address
5
primary
needs:
1. Climate
Change
Adaptation.
WaterFALL™
employs
GWLF
to
calculate
runoff
based
on
precipitation
rate,
ambient
temperature,
and
ground
cover/use.
Down-‐scaled
climate
modeling
of
future
changes
in
precipitation
and/or
temperature,
as
well
as
possible
changes
in
land
cover
such
as
deforestation,
can
be
easily
accommodated
by
the
model
and
employed
to
determine
how
predicted
climate
changes
may
shift
the
availability
of
water
at
any
user-‐designated
geographic
location.
The
effectiveness
of
actions
to
adapt
to
climate
change,
in
terms
of
streamflow
and
runoff,
can
be
quantified
using
WaterFALL™.
2. Water
Allocation
and
Management.
WaterFALL™
will
enable
water
resource
planners
and
managers
to
systematically
evaluate
the
impacts
of
proposed
water
allocation
strategies
on
water
availability
throughout
an
entire
watershed.
State
and
regional
water
resources
managers
will
be
able
to
employ
the
model
to
quantify
the
carrying
capacity
(i.e.
“available
daily
yield”)
of
local
watersheds,
and
to
better
understand
how
calculated
yields
would
likely
be
altered
as
a
consequence
of
either
temporary
or
permanent
changes
in
rainfall
amounts
(i.e.
drought
conditions),
changes
in
average
air
temperatures,
changes
in
water
withdrawal
or
consumptive
use
rates,
or
changes
in
land
use
patterns.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
6
of
30
3. Ecological
Flow
Development.
WaterFALL™
provides
flexibility
as
a
tool
for
establishing
ecological
flow
regimes.
When
applied
to
a
watershed,
or
user-‐defined
sub-‐basin,
the
model
produces
a
complete
hydrograph
for
each
NHDPlus
catchment
included
in
the
basin.
As
a
result,
flows
are
profiled
for
small
stream
reaches,
often
one
kilometer
or
less
in
length.
The
model
performs
independently
of
stream
gage
data,
eliminating
the
need
for
extensive
statistical
extrapolation
of
historical
flow
data.
WaterFALL™
is
particularly
well
suited
for
implementation
of
the
Ecological
Limits
of
Hydrologic
Alteration
(ELOHA)
framework
developed
under
the
auspices
of
The
Nature
Conservancy.
It
can
easily
model
unaltered
flow
conditions
and
can
also
be
set
up
to
reflect
past
land
cover
and
land
use
characteristics.
Relevant
model
output
includes
stream
velocity
and
depth
in
addition
to
total
flow.
4. Water
Supply
Risk
and
Impact
Assessment.
WaterFALL™
is
an
efficient,
easy
to
use
tool
for
large
consumers
of
water
to:
a)
assess
site-‐specific
vulnerability
of
water
supplies;
b)
support
plant
siting
studies;
c)
better
target
water
conservation
investments;
or
d)
satisfy
sustainability
measurement
and
reporting
requirements
such
as
those
included
within
the
Global
Reporting
Initiative
(GRI)
framework.
Many
States
are
also
in
the
process
of
developing
and
implementing
new
regulations
that
will
require
large
water
users,
typically
those
withdrawing
in
excess
of
100,000
gallons/day,
to
apply
for
water
use
permits.
Under
these
rules,
applications
for
a
water
use
permit
may
need
to
include
modeling
data
on
the
impacts
of
the
proposed
withdrawals
on
downstream
users
and
on
“hydrologically
interconnected”
water
resources.
WaterFALL™
is
well-‐suited
for
rapidly
quantifying
withdrawal
impacts,
at
any
user-‐define
scale.
5. Reservoir
Storage-‐Yield-‐Reliability
Analysis.
WaterFALL™
can
be
employed
to
generate
time-‐series
of
stream
inflows
to
reservoirs
under
both
historical
and
anticipated
future
climate
or
hydrologic
conditions.
These
data
are
critical
in
calculating
the
likelihood
that
a
reservoir
will
be
able
to
satisfy
demands
(yields),
especially
under
changed,
or
“non-‐stationary”,
fluctuations
in
inflow
rates.
A
broad
range
of
stream
inflow
patterns
can
be
modeled
and
subjected
to
statistical
analysis
to
determine
the
impact
on
storage-‐yield-‐reliability
relationships.
Model
outputs
can
be
provided
in
a
daily,
weekly,
monthly,or
annual
time-‐step,
depending
on
the
sensitivity
of
the
statistical
procedure
in
use.
Bob
and
Michelle
used
the
model
interface
to
show
several
examples,
starting
with
the
sites
the
group
saw
on
the
Eno
River,
and
also
looking
at
the
Haw
River,
French
Broad
River,
and
Neuse
River.
Some
of
these
screen
captures
and
results
of
model
runs
are
in
the
Powerpoint
document
online.
Some
additional
comments
they
made
during
their
presentation
include:
• The
catchments
act
independently
of
each
other
to
create
the
stream
network.
The
streams
can
be
thought
of
as
pixels,
with
the
model
providing
a
high
resolution
view
of
the
stream
network.
• An
advantage
of
modeling
small
catchments
is
it
allows
you
to
look
at
predominant
land
use-‐
they
are
small
enough
so
land
uses
tend
to
be
predominantly
one
or
another
• With
all
the
different
catchments,
you
can
see
slight
increases
in
flow
rate
and
velocity
-‐
it’s
like
seeing
a
movie,
rather
than
looking
at
a
snapshot.
• National
datasets
are
used
for
consistency
among
sources.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
7
of
30
• Precipitation
data
is
pretty
unique.
It’s
newer
data,
4
km
gridded
across
the
country
for
a
day,
which
gives
a
detailed
special
allocation
of
rainfall
for
every
day
(rather
than
meteorological
station
data).
A
better
rainfall
estimate
gives
a
better
stream
flow
estimate.
• Since
it
takes
multiple
days
for
the
water
to
flow
downstream,
a
lag
time
has
been
built
into
the
model.
• Land
use
can
be
tweaked
for
development
scenarios,
growing
seasons
that
may
change
based
on
climate
change,
and
channel
characteristics
(for
example
concrete
or
a
stream
restoration).
GWLF
is
a
curve
number
based
model-‐
based
on
land
use
and
soil,
and
how
much
water
will
infiltrate
into
the
ground
and
run
off
based
on
the
curve
number.
Paving
will
change
the
land
use
and
amount
of
runoff.
Within
each
catchment
we
differentiate
between
land
use.
Ex-‐
we
know
40%
developed,
40%
forest,
20%
crop
in
a
catchment).
You
can
change
the
land
use
to
see
different
scenarios.
• Stream
reach
data
includes
average
width
and
depth.
Parameters
can
be
altered
by
the
user.
• Climate
change
data
is
from
1960-‐2006.
You
can
manipulate
it
to
do
future
climate
change
scenarios,
or
you
can
upload
new
climate
data.
• For
each
hydrograph,
the
user
can
zoom
in
to
look
at
peak
flows
and
a
summary
of
all
data
produced
(for
example
average
inflow
&
outflow,
velocity
&
depth
(using
Mannings
equation),
minimum
inflows
and
outflows,
the
split
between
base
flow
and
runoff).
• Enhancements
are
possible,
including
addition
of
withdrawals
and
returns
(surface
water
intakes
and
returns
from
wastewater
treatment
plants
for
example).
• To
get
the
hydrology
correct,
they
calibrate
the
following
items:
o Available
Soil
water
Capacity:
This
parameter
triggers
the
start
of
percolation
o Recession
Coefficient:
Base
flow
coefficient
controls
the
rate
of
ground
water
flow
from
the
saturated
storage
o Seepage
Coefficient:
Seepage
parameter
controls
the
rate
of
seepage
to
the
deep
storage
• Ecological
details
(slide18)-‐
DWQ
benthos
samples
have
been
collected
since
1978-‐
Can
look
at
each
stream
reach
and
what
corresponds
to
the
stream
reach.
Was
it
representative
of
a
storm
pulse
on
the
day
collected?
A
lot
of
info
that
can
be
tied
now
to
NHD
catchments
and
data
associated.
Locations,
times
of
samples,
same
hydrograph,
and
time
period.
How
altered
are
each
of
these
sites
from
their
natural
conditions?
• RTI
is
looking
at
tying
WaterFALL
into
other
allocation
models
like
OASIS.
The
WaterFALL
website
includes
fact
sheets
and
a
video:
www.waterfall.rti.org
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
8
of
30
Process chart: Evaluating methods to determine
ecological flow
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;)"
IV.
EFSAB
Process
Overview
and
Timeline
Resuming
after
the
break,
Christy
Perrin,
facilitator,
presented
for
discussion,
a
proposed
process
overview
(figure
1)
and
timeline
(figure
2)
developed
by
the
Division
of
Water
Resources
and
the
facilitation
team,
to
visually
depict
what
the
EFSAB
will
be
undertaking
in
the
next
few
months.
Beginning
with
this
meeting,
the
EFSAB
will
begin
looking
at
scenarios
using
the
habitat-‐based
approach
(in
blue).
If
the
EFSAB
feels
that
the
results
from
the
Eno
River
State
Park
and
the
Eno
River
at
Hillsborough
are
useful,
the
next
step
would
be
to
test
that
model
on
other
small,
flashy
streams.
If
those
results
look
satisfactory,
the
next
step
would
be
to
expand
to
other
stream
classifications.
If
the
results
from
the
Eno
River
State
Park
do
not
look
promising,
the
EFSAB
could
still
investigate
using
that
approach
for
other
classifications
or
move
on
to
assessing
other
approaches.
Figure
1.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
9
of
30
Figure 2. EFSAB History and Proposed Timeline
2010
EFSAB
NCDWR
November
• EFSAB
convened
first
meeting.
• Introduction
to
legislation,
ecological
flows
• First
draft
charter
discussed
• Members
listed
their
needs
for
moving
forward
2011
January
• Charter
development
continued
• Presentation
&
discussion:
Hydrologic
classification
system
(Sam
Pearsall,
Chris
Goudreau,
Jim
Mead)
• Presentation
&
discussion:
Overview
of
hydrologic
modeling
(OASIS)
(Tom
Fransen)
March
• Presentation:
In-‐stream
flow
habitat
studies(Ty
Ziegler)
• Discussion
and
Decision:
EFSAB
will
use
current
hydrological
classification
system
as
starting
point,
with
opportunity
to
add
or
modify
classifications
as
information
is
gained
• Decision:
Charter
was
finalized
May
• Field
trip
to
Eno
River
State
Park,
discussion
June
• Discussion
about
Eno
River
Model
• Discussion-‐
what
does
ecological
integrity
mean
to
you?
• Presentation
&
discussion:
Introduction
to
flow
scenarios
(Chris
Goudreau)
• Decision:
DWR
moves
forward
with
modeling
Eno
River
sites,
flow
scenarios
chosen;
continue
to
research
other
methods
August
• WATERFALL
model
presentation,
(RTI)
• First
Eno
River
demo
model
scenarios
(results)
presented,
NCDWR
• Review
timeline
for
EFSAB/DWR
activities
• Staff
explores
potential
to
evaluate
DWQ
bio.
data
and
flow
changes.
• Run
Eno
River
scenarios
September
• More
Eno
River
demo
model
scenarios
(results)
and
discussion
of
results
• Topics
for
further
discussion
include:
determining
how
representative
stream
classes
are
of
distinct
biological
communities;
developing
decision
criteria
for
Eno
River
demo
model
• Run
Eno
River
scenarios
October
• Discuss
Eno
River
demo
model
results
• Other
approaches
to
determining
ecological
flows
presented
(MI,
VA,
USGS)
• Decision:
EFSAB
determines
whether
to
expand
Eno
River
demo
model
to
other
small
flashy
streams
(or
stable
streams)
November
• If
Eno
River
model
to
be
used,
DWR
presents
other
small
flashy
streams
and
develops
plan
to
model
them
• Discussion
of
other
approaches
to
determining
ecological
flows
• Timeline
and
actions
for
2012
developed
• DWR
Staff
provide
annual
written
progress
report
to
ERC
In
parallel,
DWR
is
investigating
how
an
approach
could
be
developed
using
biological
data
(in
green).
Additional
approaches
(in
orange)
could
include
those
being
developed
in
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
10
of
30
Michigan
and
Virginia,
about
which
the
EFSAB
has
been
forwarded
articles.
Additionally,
there
is
a
USGS
method
that
could
be
investigated.
Regarding
the
timeline,
in
the
months
remaining
in
this
year,
the
EFSAB
will
assess
the
habitat
model
approach
and
begin
discussing
pros
and
cons
of
other
approaches.
For
each
listed
task
there
are
a
number
of
subtasks
and
a
number
of
decision
points
for
each.
The
timeline
only
highlights
primary
decision
points.
Christy
pointed
out,
at
DWR's
request,
that
the
EFSAB
need
not
be
limited
to
one
approach.
Different
approaches
might
be
used
for
different
classifications
of
streams,
for
example.
Q:
How
do
we
know
if
it
doesn't
work?
R:
My
thinking
is
that
first
we
see
if
you
get
a
similar
response
to
a
particular
flow
approach
for
several
habitat-‐based
studies.
For
example,
we
are
doing
the
Eno
State
Park;
we
are
going
to
do
Eno
Hillsborough;
we
are
going
to
look
at
other
small,
flashy
streams.
You
get
a
fairly
good
convergence
that,
if
you
were
to
look
at
each
of
those
independently,
they
all
suggest
the
same
or
very
similar
algorithm.
Similarly,
for
each
classification
you
would
look
at
more
than
one
(as
many
as
we
have)
and
again
you
have
a
fairly
similar
convergence
of
algorithm
suggested
by
all
of
those
studies
that
have
some
variety
amongst
them
but
are
in
the
same
class.
If
the
answer
is
"no"
[in
figure
1]
(the
results
are
all
over
the
place)
then
we
look
for
another
approach
for
that
class.
That
is
why
Figure
1.
has
the
little
red
box;
just
because
it
doesn't
work
for
the
Eno,
does
not
mean
that
we
should
necessarily
reject
it
for
all
the
classifications.
It
may
be
that
small
flashy
streams
have
a
tremendous
amount
of
variability
that
does
not
lend
itself
to
this
approach.
But
let's
say
the
stable
streams
that
tend
to
be
maybe
a
little
more
homogeneous,
maybe
they
do.
But
maybe
they
don't
either.
Q:
Can
more
than
one
model
be
run
at
a
time?
To
me
the
flashy
streams,
especially
if
they
are
unnaturally
flashy,
may
be
ones
that
this
model
might
not
work
that
well
for
because
they
are
actually
in
flux.
The
channel
is
in
active
change,
and
it
is
not
going
to
hold
up
for
unnaturally
flashy
streams,
whereas
if
you
get
it
going
for
what
we
hope
are
more
stable
systems,
presumably
that
might
work
for
those,
and
we
might
have
to
come
up
with
something
different
for
flashy
streams.
Are
we
tied
to
small
flashy?
R:
We
are
going
with
the
Eno
because
the
Neuse
River
model
is
ready.
The
Cape
Fear
is
the
next
one
that
is
going
to
be
ready
to
go.
If
we
are
going
to
move
to
where
we
have
habitat
data
for
a
more
stable
type
of
classification,
we
will
have
to
either
wait
for
those
models,
which
will
probably
be
about
another
year
and
a
half
,or
find
another
way
to
come
up
with
data
to
simulate
different
flow
regimes
through
the
habitat
model.
Q:
So
is
WaterFALL
a
substitute
for
OASIS
that
could
be
run
in
a
more
timely
manner?
R:
We
have
not
gotten
to
that
decision
point.
C:
To
me
it
is
a
frontend
loader
for
OASIS.
Q:
I
don't
have
a
real
problem
looking
at
the
flow
diagram
(figure
1),
but
I
think
one
thing
we
have
not
discussed
clearly
enough
is
what
is
our
measure
of
success?
Once
the
data
have
been
run,
and
we
have
been
presented
with
the
habitat
model,
and
it
says
that
they
can
do
a
great
job
of
predicting
habitat
changes,
then
how
do
we
link
that
with
the
biological
indicators,
etc.
to
know
that,
yes,
this
is
a
successful
model?
How
do
we
know
that
this
model
is
giving
us
good
information
that
will
allow
someone
(not
us)
to
set
policy,
eventually,
to
determine
what
those
flow
regimes
have
to
operate
in?
We
need
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
11
of
30
some
kind
of
relatively
objective
criteria
that
we
can
use
to
make
a
decision
as
to
yes,
we
are
ready
to
move
to
the
next
step
in
the
process.
C:
Those
criteria
need
to
encompass
sensitivity
and
repeatability.
C:
and
uncertainty.
C:
Absolutely.
Facilitator:
That's
a
good
point.
I'm
going
to
flip
over
to
the
time
line
for
the
rest
of
the
year.
I
think
that
makes
sense.
We
can
add
in
having
that
discussion.
We
cannot
discuss
that
right
now
because
I
do
not
want
to
hold
up
Jim's
presentation
of
the
scenarios.
As
he
presents
the
scenarios,
some
of
that
might
start
to
gel
in
your
mind;
at
least
the
questions
that
you
might
want
to
ask
about
what
criteria
you
want
to
look
at
may
begin
to
develop.
I
agree
that
developing
those
criteria
before
reaching
that
decision
point
is
going
to
be
important.
C:
We
are
not
necessarily
going
down
just
the
blue
or
just
the
green
or
just
the
orange
(on
figure
1).
We
may
reach
the
end
and
it
will
be
a
mix
of
those.
Some
stream
classifications
may
lend
themselves
more
to
one
approach
than
to
another,
or
it
may
be
that
the
green
and
the
blue
in
combination,
perhaps,
give
us
some
better
indication
of
that
link
between
the
habitat
and
the
criteria
for
success.
C:
One
of
the
things
that
is
forming
the
basis
for
what
we
are
doing
is
the
current
stream
classifications
that
we
have.
I
thought
that
at
some
point
we
were
going
to
evaluate
that
in
terms
of
whether
the
biology
associated
with
those
clusters
had
sufficiently
limited
variability
that
those
clusters
were
useful
for
both
biology
and
hydrology.
What
I
am
kind
of
concerned
about
is
that
if
we
move
too
fast
assuming
that
that
is
correct,
we
may
find
that
we
do
not
have
a
useful
system
when
we
get
down
to
the
biology
eventually.
I
think
we
need
to
frontload
this
and
say
let's
look
at
the
biology
for
these
clusters.
Let's
make
sure
that
they
are
biologically
relevant
as
well
as
hydrologically
relevant,
and,
if
they
are
not,
determine
what
adjustments
we
need
to
make
to
bring
those
together.
Otherwise,
we
could
end
up
with
nothing
at
the
end
of
this.
I
would
really
like
to
see
us
address
that
in
the
near
term.
C:
I
could
not
possibly
agree
more.
The
question
is,
I
am
not
sure
how
it
fits
into
the
present
agenda.
We
definitely
need
to
tie
those
classes
into
biology,
and,
frankly,
I
think
the
Natural
Heritage
Program
is
the
place
where
the
data
really
exists
for
doing
that
because
they
have
information,
I
hope,
about
the
most
sensitive
species.
It
would
be
great
if
we
could
get
some
sort
of
collaborative
enterprise
between,
say,
Natural
Heritage
and
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
to
crosswalk
the
classes
to
know
occurrences
of
critical
species.
A
couple
of
quick
observations:
it
is
possible
to
go
forward
without
a
classification
system
if
it
turns
out
that
this
classification
system
fails;
Jim's
flow
chart
is
not
really
based
on
a
classification
system,
and
we
could,
in
fact,
establish
ecological
baselines
for
individual
streams
without
using
classes.
I
think
that
is
not
the
preferred
outcome
because
it
is
harder;
over
time
that
would
mean
coming
up
with
an
ecological
baseline
for
every
stream
instead
of
each
of
several
classes.
C:
I
think
that
from
the
Natural
Heritage
data
standpoint,
my
reservation
about
using
sensitive
species
exclusively
is
that
it
is
hard
to
know
what
factors,
historically,
have
driven
these
species
to
rarity.
That
being
said,
the
hydrology
we
are
led
to
presume
is
something
that
is
more
or
less
consistent
over
time.
If
we
are
looking
at
a
40-‐year
time
period,
presumably
they
have
not
changed
from
stable
to
flashy
in
that
40
year
time
or
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
12
of
30
they
would
not
have
been
classified
as
that.
I
do
think
there
may
be
some
of
these
species
that
we
[Natural
Heritage]
track
that
may
be
useful
in
classifying,
but
I
do
not
think
that
it
should
be
exclusively
these
rare
and
endangered
species
that
we
align
the
biological
definition
by.
One
of
the
reasons
is
because,
for
example
with
freshwater
mussels,
wetted
perimeter
may
be
the
very
best
we
can
get
for
providing
habitat
for
them
in
terms
of
a
measure
that
this
model
would
be
capable
of,
whereas
we
have
more
information
on
something
that
is
as
widely
distributed
as
the
redbreast
sunfish.
Fortunately,
we
have
those
other
15
species
that
we
are
adding
in,
so
I
am
not
sure
if
the
Division
of
Water
Quality
(DWQ)
data
or
if
there
is
some
other
agency's
data
that
needs
to
at
least
be,
at
a
minimum,
combined
with
what
we
have,
or
distribution
of
common
freshwater
mussels,
which
would
be
WRC
(Wildlife
Resources
Commission).
C:
I
erred
in
suggesting
collaboration
only
between
Heritage
and
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service;
obviously
DWQ
and
WRC
would
also
have
essential
data.
I
am
not
by
any
means
suggesting
that
this
be
a
simple
exercise
in
correlation.
I
do
think
you
guys
[Natural
Heritage]
know
more
than
anybody
else
about
what
is
in
the
streams
and
why,
and
if
you
can
look
at
the
classes
and
tell
us
as
much
as
you
can
about
their
biological
relevance,
that
would
be
powerful
information.
Since
I
don't
see
it
built
into
the
agenda
for
the
rest
of
the
year,
I
do
not
know
if
it
could
be
built
in,
or
if
it
needs
to
just
be
brought
to
the
table
at
some
point.
Facilitator:
So
this
would
be
above
and
beyond
looking
at
the
DWQ
macrobenthic
data;
you
are
talking
about
looking
at
the
specific
aquatic
species
in
addition?
So
this
would
be
another
step?
C:
We
have
a
handful
of
classes
and
Tom
has
asked
the
question,
are
they
biologically
relevant?
We
had
a
3-‐day
workshop
where
we
kind
of
asked
that
question,
but
nobody
exactly
knew
how
to
prepare
for
the
workshop
so
we
did
the
best
we
could
on
the
fly,
but
it
would
be
really
good
if
the
organizations
that
are
the
experts
at
biological
relevance
for
various
habitats
could
take
those
classes
and
tell
us
how
relevant
they
are.
C:
Speaking
for
DWQ
and
our
benthic
program
that
we
have
had
for
many
decades,
the
classification
system
we
are
talking
about
is
grouped
in
a
hydrologic,
geologic
kind
of
fashion
for
expediency
in
coping
with
the
magnitude
of
the
challenge
that
is
in
front
of
us.
R:
Your
data
is
not
automatically
organized
to
do
this,
but
it
is
there.
R:
I
would
suggest
to
you
that
the
word
"automatic"
is
an
understatement.
Not
only
is
it
not
automatically
organized
under
such
classifications,
we
have
clearly
gone
out
of
our
way
to
focus
our
attention
and
efforts
away
from
that
kind
of
a
system
because
of
the
diversity
of
the
habitats
that
are
out
there.
Because
of
our
expectations
and
our
evaluations,
which
are
designed
to
evaluate
least
impacted
and
a
comparison
of
pollution
tolerance
rather
than
hydrologic
tolerance,
in
order
to
make
that
leap
towards
the
classification
system
that
you
are
referring
to,
I
think
I
can
pretty
comfortably
tell
you
that
that
is
not
possible
in
this
current
day
and
time
without
an
expansive
amount
of
research
to
try
to
recreate
a
different
classification
from
what
we
have
used
over
many
decades.
Q:
You
have
a
gazillion
transects
on
wadeable
streams-‐-‐I
understand:
no
swamps,
no
big
rivers,
but
wadeable
streams.
You
have
species'
presence
or
absence
at
those
transects
so
you
have
richness
indices
available,
correct?
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
13
of
30
R:
No,
that
is
not
correct.
Our
biological
evaluations
have
been
intentionally
collected
to
gather
the
most
information
on
community
structure
with
no
hydrologic
information
being
collected.
Q:
Okay.
But
you
know
where
the
transect
is?
C:
If
we
have
clusters
and
we
have
some
sites
from
your
reference
in
that
cluster,
it
is
a
simple
discriminate
analysis
to
come
up
with
how
many
percent
of
these
sites
actually
fall
in
these
clusters.
If
it
is
90%,
we
are
good
to
go,
whereas
if
it
is
10%.
R:
That
would
be
the
research
component
I
am
speaking
about
that
would
need
to
be
done.
Facilitator:
We
need
to
check
in
on
time.
C:
Frankly,
this
is
the
conversation
that
many
of
us
have
been
waiting
a
year
to
have.
Facilitator:
Exactly,
but
I
am
thinking
that
we
might
need
to
coral
this
discussion
and
put
it
on
the
agenda,
but
finish
up
for
now
because
Jim
is
prepared
to
present
to
us
today.
C:
We
have
been
using
not
just
your
bug
data
but
the
fish
data,
and
we
do
have
tremendous
computing
capabilities
with
this
max
entropy
modeling
that
Mark
Andrews
has
been
doing.
We
have
really
been
getting
some
good
stuff.
The
thing
that
we
have
not
done
is
overlay
these
latest
hydrologic
classifications.
That's
a
pretty
easy
step
to
factor
that
in,
along
with
Ryan’s
work.
I
think
that
is
something
we
can
do
off-‐line
and
bring
in
along
with
the
Heritage
data
and
the
common
fish
data
and
at
least
common
bug
data.
I
think
that's
very
doable
to
get
an
answer.
I
am
not
going
to
say
that
it
is
the
right
answer,
but
get
an
answer
to
make
people
scratch
their
heads
and
think
about
the
first
question
that
Tom
asked-‐-‐Is
this
biologically
relevant
and
are
the
patterns
more
than
rainfall
runoff
patterns?
Are
there
some
real
patterns
of
the
biological
across
physiographic
regions
or
any
other
way
you
want
to
slice
the
state.
R:
You
are
going
to
use
historical
distribution
because
the
hydrologic
aspects
are.
R:
We
can
define
that,
like
I
said,
along
with
the
more
common
species
and
compare
the
?????
within
those
data
sets.
Facilitator:
So
are
you
offering
to
evaluate
this?
Q:
How
do
we
appoint
a
subcommittee
to
take
on
the
task?
I
don't
know
that
we
know
how
to
do
that,
but
we
do
need
to
do
that.
Facilitator:
And
it
sounds
like
you
may
need
to
pull
in
people
from
around
the
table.
C:
I
clearly
think
that
the
discussion
that
is
going
on
right
now
is
in
complete
harmony
with
the
intent
of
the
legislation.
The
legislation
did
not
just
say
give
me
ecological
flow;
it
said
tell
me
how
to
characterize
the
ecology
and
then
give
them
the
ecological
flows,
and
that's
precisely
what
we
are
talking
about
doing.
C:
Yes,
it
is.
Facilitator:
So
back
to
the
idea
of
a
subcommittee.
C:
How
do
we
do
that?
C:
Can
I
suggest
that
it
would
be
best
if
we
don't
just
jump
right
into
that.
I
would
like
to
have
a
more
full
discussion
at
the
next
meeting
before
we
decide
to
set
up
a
subcommittee
or
whatever
the
appropriate
step
is.
Facilitator:
Perhaps
it
is
a
matter
of
defining
what
the
questions
are
that
you
really
want
to
answer.
I
heard
a
couple
of
different
things
come
up.
C:
We
have
a
handful
of
hydrological
classifications,
and
they
show
great
integrity
as
hydrological
classes,
but
we
do
not
know
whether
they
correspond
with
distinctly
different
biological
communities.
If
they
don't,
and
we
know
they
won't
perfectly
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
14
of
30
because
individual
sites
have
individual
histories,
but
if
there
is
a
really
bad
correlation
then
they
are
not
particularly
relevant,
and
perhaps
we
need
to
proceed
without
them
and
come
up
with
a
different
approach.
If
it
turns
out
that
they
do,
then
we
are
on
the
right
track,
and
I
think
it
would
be
really
good
to
set
up
a
subcommittee
consisting
of
DWQ
(unless
you
definitely
want
to
opt
out),
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service,
WRC
and
Heritage
to
just
have
a
look
and
come
back
and
tell
us
either
you
figured
it
out
or
you
figured
out
how
to
figure
it
out.
R:
I
reiterate
that
I
don't
think
we
are
in
a
position
to
assign
anyone
because
I
think
there
is
a
lot
of
expertise
sitting
across
the
table
from
me,
and
I
don't
think
we
should
say
it
should
be
a,b
and
c.
C:
It
is
not
necessarily
our
role
as
a
SAB
to
produce
work
products
that
are
required
in
order
to
move
this
on,
but
we
certainly
can
pull
together
the
scope
of
what
work
products
are
needed
in
order
to
move
forward,,
and
funding,
either
through
DWR
or
elsewhere,
is
all
part
of
the
exploration
we
are
supposed
to
be
going
through
here.
If
those
classifications
are
not
in
some
way,
shape,
or
form
reflective
of
or
indicative
of
the
ecology,
then
we
are
pursuing
an
ecological
flow
and
will
be
ignoring
the
ecology,
which
is
clearly
not
the
intent
of
the
legislation.
I
think
the
discussion
needs
to
happen.
I
think
the
work
and
exploration
needs
to
happen.
Whether
it
needs
to
happen
as
a
function
of
this
SAB
or
of
an
outside
work
product
is
a
different
question.
C:
I
would
just
like
to
add
that
I
am
not
entirely
convinced
that
there
is
going
to
be
any
kind
of
really
beautiful
correlation
between
the
biological
data
that
exists
and
the
habitat/hydrologic
modeling
that
we
are
going
to
be
using.
There
are
three
or
four
major
questions
out
there,
but
one
is,
Will
this
model
hold
up?
If
you
run
any
of
these
scenarios,
does
the
model
actually
hold
up
within
the
classifications?
That
is
essential
because
we
are
still
going
to
be
taking
water
out;
we
are
still
going
to
be
running
a
scenario.
We
are
here
to
come
up
with
a
scenario,
presumably,
or
a
set
of
scenarios
that
are
potential
if
we
are
going
to
have
a
hydrologic
model
that
shows
that
if
you
take
out
water,
the
habitat
is
going
to
respond
a
certain
way.
We
don't
even
know
if
it
responds
uniformly
across
our
classification.
We
have
to
get
that
answered.
If
that
alone
does
not
hold
up,
then
we
really
have
to
go
back
to
square
one,
which
would
be
the
orange
route
[on
figure
1].
We
definitely
want
to
know
that
if
you
take
out
a
certain
amount
of
water,
how
much
wetted
perimeter,
at
the
very
minimum,
is
remaining
in
the
stream
because
that
is
one
of
the
defining
biological
factors.
If
you
have
no
water,
you
have
no
biology.
Adding
the
biology
in
is
a
very,
very
important
question,
but
some
of
it
is
captured
in
the
fact
that
they
have
these
guilds
that
we
are
looking
at.
We
think
we
know
enough
about
these
15
species
or
groups
of
species
to
know
how
much
wetted
perimeter
they
are
going
to
need.
We
have
used
it
for
every
reservoir
project
for
the
last
5-‐10
years.
Biological
assumptions
are
already
being
made
in
the
way
DWR
issues
their
permits.
I
am
assuming
that
we
can
go
forward
even
if
we
don't
have
a
beautiful
correlation
with
the
type
of
data
I
collect
and
DWQ
collects
and
WRC
collects.
R:
But
you
have
to
be
careful.
If
you
have
a
classification,
and
we
have
a
set
of
streams,
one
of
which
has
120
species
of
macro-‐invertebrate
in
it
and
another
that
has
40,
you
have
to
follow
them
in
terms
of
trying
to
assess
the
effect
when
you
have
such
a
big
range.
That's
why
you
have
to
be
sure,
if
these
classifications
are
going
to
be
useful,
that
they
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
15
of
30
actually
do
reflect
the
biology.
Otherwise,
with
the
variability
you
won't
be
able
to
detect
when
the
alteration
occurs.
R:
Well,
I
don't
think
we
are
ever
going
to
go
and
detect
whether
alteration
is
occurring.
It
is
just
a
very,
very
large
scale.
C:
I
think
the
original
charge
for
this
group
was
for
the
Department
[Department
of
Environment
and
Natural
Resources
(DENR)]
to
use
this
Science
Advisory
Board
to
characterize
the
ecology
in
different
river
basins,
and
I
think
one
of
the
very
basic
characterizations
of
any
ecology
is
whether
it
is
altered
or
unaltered.
And
I
think
that
is
a
pretty
bright
line
there
that
we
can
start
to
define
as
we
start
to
get
at
some
of
these
issues,
whether
it
is
altered
in
terms
of
hydrology
or
altered
in
terms
of
pollution
or
other
reasons.
But
characterizing
the
ecology
is
the
charge.
C:
I
would
like
to
make
one
observation,
which
is
that
I
think
this
conversation
is
so
difficult
because
we
are
asking
3
simple
questions:
1)
How
much
correspondence
is
there
between
the
ecological
characterization
of
a
stream
and
the
hydrological
characterization
of
a
stream?
I
would
not
consider
a
difference
in
richness
between
40
and
120
huge,
but
I
would
consider
it
huge
if
the
same
class
of
stream
has
40
and
120
completely
different
or
40
and
40
completely
different;
2)
How
do
we
characterize
impacts
on
habitat
when
we
alter
flows?
That's
what
this
is
about;
and
3)
Where
do
we
set
thresholds
and
when
do
we
decide
that
the
ecological
baseline
is
actually
in
danger
of
being
violated,
because
that
is
the
reason
the
legislation
passed.
We
probably
cannot
even
begin
to
even
talk
about
question
number
3;
that
is
way
down
the
road
for
us,
but
questions
number
2
and
3
are
easily
mixed
up.
I
think
it
is
important
for
us
to
keep
them
distinct.
C:
I
am
usually
the
one
that
states
this,
but
question
number
3
is
not
our
charge,
at
all.
Our
charge
is
simply
to
assess
the
methods
and
to
make
a
recommendation
as
to
what
methods
might
be
used
by
a
policy-‐making
group
to
answer
question
number
3.
That
is
clearly
stated,
I
think,
in
the
legislation.
Our
charge
is
not
to
say
what
the
flows
would
be
or
to
set
any
of
those
criteria,
really.
It
is
just
to
decide
what
approach
to
use.
R:
What
constitutes
the
violation
of
ecological
integrity,
I
think
is
R:
That
is
not
my
interpretation
of
the
legislation.
R:
Okay.
R:
That
doesn't
mean
that
we
don't
need
to
have
that
knowledge
or
have
it
in
our
heads
to
consider
question
number
3,
but
this
group
is
not
charged
with
making
policy
decisions.
If
we
try
to
go
there
we
need
to
extend
the
life
of
this
group.
R:
I
agree
that
we
do
not
have
a
policy
charge,
but
I
think
a
number
is
an
adoptable
question.
R:
We
need
to
be
sure
that
our
methodology
is
one
in
which
thresholds
can
be
applied.
R:
I
think
it
is
appropriate
to
break
the
discussion
into
these
three
points,
but
I
would
suggest
that
where
our
discussion
is
really
finding
the
difficulty
is
not
between
those
three
because
where
we
set
the
thresholds
is
totally
dependent
upon
the
first
two,
and
that
is
where
our
difficulty
lies.
Are
we
going
to
approach
this
from
an
ecology/ecological
integrity
versus
hydrology
evaluation
or
are
we
simply
going
to
base
it
on
available
habitat
and
flow
alteration.
Those
are
two
distinct
approaches.
Clearly,
a
number
of
us
are
interested
in
the
biological
integrity
part
of
that,
and
the
simpler,
more
straight
line
way
to
get
to
resolution
is
clearly
off
the
available
habitat.
It's
just
a
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
16
of
30
simpler,
easier,
more
generic
approach
that
you
can
apply.
I
am
not
sure
we
have
come
to
that
fork
in
the
road
yet,
but
it
is
clearly
on
the
table..
R:
But
the
charge
is
dual:
characterization
of
the
ecology
and
identify
flow
requirements.
Maybe
we
shouldn't
mix
those
two
at
first
because
there
are
a
whole
lot
of
ways
of
characterizing
the
ecology.
R:
I
would
like
to
make
one
observation.
The
legislation
says
that
the
Department
(DENR)
shall
characterize
the
ecology
of
the
different
river
basins
and
identify
the
flow
necessary
to
maintain
ecological
integrity.
They
go
together.
We
are
not
doing
the
characterization
of
ecology
just
to
do
it.
It
may
come
down
to
whether
we
are
lumpers
or
are
we
splitters,
but
what
I
am
looking
for
is
a
way
to
subdivide
streams
in
a
way
that
can
be
consistent
and
meaningful,
not
overly
complicated,
so
that
we
can
then
go
to
the
second
part
of
it,
which
is
to
identify
the
flow
necessary
to
maintain
ecological
integrity.
There
may
be
a
range
of
ecology
characterized
within
that
group.
Perhaps
we
have
lumped
a
bunch
of
things
together,
but
that
is
okay
if
they
are
all
similar
enough
in
terms
of
how
they
respond
to
changes
to
flow,
whether
it
be
a
continuum
or
a
threshold.
There
may
be
a
fair
range
of
variability
within
a
class,
but
if
they
are
similar
enough
in
how
they
respond
to
changes
to
flow,
to
me
that
is
an
okay
lumping.
R:
Think
of
the
universe
of
stream
segments
that
you
have.
If
they
responded
exactly
the
same
way
to
changes
to
flow,
you
would
just
need
one
model.
If
they
are
totally
different,
you
need
a
model
for
every
segment.
What
you
are
looking
to
find
out
is
groups
that
respond
in
common
ways
to
changes
in
flow.
If
you
can
find
those,
and
it's
really
the
relationship
between
flow
alteration
and
the
biota,
not
one
or
the
other,
that's
a
difficult
thing
to
figure
out.
R:
That
is
why
we
subdivided
a
couple
of
the
stable
stream
classifications.
Even
though
they
were
hydrologically
similar,
we
subdivided
them
by
temperature
because
small-‐
mouth
bass
versus
trout,
at
least
from
a
habitat
perspective,
have
a
very
different
response
to
flow.
We
used
temperature
to
say
whether
it
is
a
small-‐mouthed
bass
versus
trout
stream
because
they
do
respond
differently
to
changes
in
flow,
even
though
they
fell
into
the
same
hydrologic
classification.
Facilitator:
This
has
been
good
discussion.
The
point
is
taken
that
people
have
been
wanting
to
get
into
these
details.
We
had
envisioned
Jim
working
on
the
demo
model
scenarios
over
the
next
few
months,
then
having
discussions
about
the
results
starting
today.
A
couple
of
things
have
been
put
on
the
table
as
far
as
digging
into
the
classifications.
Also
the
subcommittee
was
suggested,
but
there
was
a
suggestion
to
wait
on
that.
Do
you
want
to
start
looking
at
these
Eno
River
scenarios
this
month,
and
next
month
discuss
whether
to
get
into
that?.
Do
you
want
to
make
that
decision
the
next
month
after
you
have
started
seeing
the
results?
R:
I
think
seeing
the
results
will
help
better
inform
the
discussion,
just
to
get
at
the
point
that
we
are
sometimes
mixing
apples
and
oranges
in
our
minds.
Let's
really
understand
what
this
approach
does
and
doesn't
do
for
us.
It
may
reach
a
dead
end
and
seem
like
a
waste
of
time,
but
we
won't
actually
know
until
we
actually
go
through
more
than
just
looking
at
it
from
the
outside.
Facilitator:
We
have
discussion
of
the
Eno
River
scenarios
scheduled
for
September,
possibly
October.
We
had
also
talked
about
getting
information
about
some
of
these
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
17
of
30
other
approaches
in
September.
The
facilitators
and
DWR
will
discuss
prior
to
the
next
meeting.
Q:
The
issues
we
have
just
been
discussing
will
represent
inter-‐stream
issues,
rather
than
intra-‐stream
issues
and
variability.
The
question
I
have
is,
with
these
demo
model
scenarios,
last
time
we
talked
a
lot
about
different
kinds
of
scenarios
we
could
run,
where
you
would
be
focusing
on
one
site,
correct?
R:
Correct.
Q:
This
really
doesn't
address
what
we
have
been
discussing
as
far
as
multiple
sites.
Would
it
be
better
to
drop
back
on
the
number
of
scenarios
at
one
site
and
try
to
look
at
some
of
the
other
sites
earlier
in
the
game
to
address
some
of
these
issues
about
inter-‐stream
variation?
R:
Interesting
thought.
Hold
on
to
it,
and
we
will
come
back
to
it.
One
of
the
things
I
want
to
talk
about
today
is
how
you
want
to
focus
as
we
move
forward
with
the
Eno.
Facilitator:
I
just
want
to
finish
going
over
the
rest
of
the
year
on
the
timeline,
and
we
can
work
on
the
fine-‐tuning
of
the
agenda.
Basically,
we
had
looked
at,
over
the
next
few
months,
getting
into
the
scenarios
then
talking
about
some
of
the
other
methods,
but
there
is
a
decision
point
we
are
hoping
to
come
to
before
November
or
in
November,
which
is
whether
to
expand
the
demo
model
to
other
stream
classifications.
With
that
I
would
like
to
move
on
to
get
into
the
next
presentation,
which
is
about
the
scenarios.
Facilitator:
Can
we
go
ahead
and
discuss
the
agenda
for
the
next
meeting?
Facilitator:
We
will
be
continuing
discussion
of
the
scenarios,
revisiting
the
possibility
of
whether
we
need
to
have
a
subcommittee
to
evaluate
the
stream
classes,
and
if
we
have
time
and
are
able
to
schedule
someone
to
present
one
of
the
other
approaches.
Does
that
make
sense?
R:
The
question
for
the
subcommittee
is
not
whether
to
evaluate
the
stream
classes,
but
whether
or
not
they
are
representative
of
the
state
of
the
biological
community.
We
are
confident
that
the
stream
classes
represent
classes
of
hydrologic
behavior.
V.
Review
of
June
21,
2011
Meeting
Summary
The
EFSAB
approved
the
June
21,
2011
Meeting
Summary.
VI.
Eno
River
Flow
Scenarios
Jim
Mead,
DWR,
started
his
presentation
by
emphasizing
that
today's
focus
would
not
be
on
comparing
different
scenarios
and
their
effects
on
a
particular
habitat
or
guild,
but
rather
on
looking
at
these
results
to
get
at
some
questions
that
came
up
while
running
these
scenarios,
that
need
to
be
addressed
before
running
the
remaining
scenarios.
Using
an
example
(the
3rd
slide
at
http://www.ncwater.org/Data_and_Modeling/eflows/sab/presentations/20110816/Eno_S
tate_Park_habitat_vs_flow_curves.pdf),
Jim
noted
that
25
years
ago
for
the
Eno,
they
had
one
plot
like
this,
with
4
lines
on
it.
Now
they
have
20
lines
like
this,
showing
weighted
habitat
vs.
flow
relationships
that
DWR
uses
to
convert
a
record
of
flows
(generated
by
the
OASIS
model)
to
a
record
of
daily
habitat.
The
EFSAB
had
asked
to
run
16
different
scenarios,
to
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
18
of
30
be
converted
to
daily
habitat
for
80
years.
Given
the
large
amount
of
data,
it
is
taking
significant
time
to
update
the
Eno
model
from
four
lines
to
the
twenty
that
DWR
used
to
convert
records
of
flow
to
records
of
habitat.
Q:
Can
you
remind
us
what
the
word
“weighted”
means,
on
the
y-‐axis?
R:
Usable
area
means
that
if
it's
wet,
it
is
habitat.
If
it
is
dry
it
is
not.
Weighted
usable
area,
however,
factors
in
how
deep
it
is,
how
fast
it
is,
how
does
that
particular
guild
respond.
For
example,
in
this
case
the
green
line
is
the
deep/
fast/
coarse
guild,
so
if
it
is
slow,
the
weighting
would
be
low
and
that
weighted
usable
area
value
would
be
low;
therefore,
for
the
deep/
fast/
course
guild
it
increases
as
the
flow
increases.
Conversely,
for
shallow/
slow
guilds
(last
slide
at
http://www.ncwater.org/Data_and_Modeling/eflows/sab/presentations/20110816/E
no_State_Park_habitat_vs_flow_curves.pdf),
they
like
it
slow
and
shallow
so
as
the
flows
get
greater,
the
weighted
usable
area
decreases
after
a
threshold
at
the
peak.
Jim
then
showed
the
first
slide
at
http://www.ncwater.org/Data_and_Modeling/eflows/sab/presentations/20110816/Eno_S
tate_Park_flow_stats.pdf.
DWR's
modeler
generated,
using
OASIS,
the
unregulated
flow
record
for
the
Eno
River
using
a
program
they
have
for
generating
flow
statistics,
both
annually
and
monthly.
They
did
this
because
some
of
the
flow
scenarios
requested
by
the
EFSAB
relied
on
flow
statistics
to
set
the
flow
(for
example,
10%
of
average
annual
flow,
20%
of
average
annual
flow,
and
so
on
through
60%
of
average
annual
flow
for
minimum
flow
as
one
set
of
scenarios).
Another
was
7Q10,
which
is
1.08
cfs
in
the
table.
It
also
shows
monthly
7Q10,
which
is
what
Tennessee
uses.
Another
grouping
of
flow
regimes
was
to
use
just
the
September
median
year-‐round,
which
is
12.9
cfs.
While
working
on
this,
Jim
came
to
his
first
big
question
for
which
he
would
like
input
from
the
EFSAB
before
running
more
scenarios:
How
are
we
going
to
generate
these
15
different
flow
regimes,
for
example,
the
percentage
of
average
annual
flow
as
a
minimum
flow.
There
are
two
ways
to
go
here.
Ten
percent
of
annual
flow
is
9.6
cfs.
The
static
snapshot
approach
would
be
to
say
that
is
the
flow
every
day,
all
the
time,
unless
the
inflow
is
even
less
than
that.
If
the
inflow
is
less,
then
the
value
would
be
the
actual
inflow
value,
but
as
soon
as
it
exceeded
9.6,
it
would
be
a
flat
line
for
all
those
days.
The
only
other
way
to
go
would
require
making
some
sort
of
gross
assumption
about
what
is
changing
the
flow,
in
this
case
the
size
of
the
pipe,
because
at
some
point
the
inflows
are
so
high
(a
couple
of
hundred
cfs,
for
example)
that
the
flow
overwhelms
the
capacity
of
the
intake
structure
(pump
or
pipe,
for
example),
so
it
would
not
be
flat-‐lined
at
9.6
anymore,
and
it
would
be
spilling-‐-‐flowing
past
the
pipe.
The
question
then
becomes,
what
is
the
size
of
the
pipe
or
the
pump
or
the
water
treatment
plant?
Every
project
is
different;
every
reservoir
is
different
in
terms
of
its
ability
to
store
high
flows,
ranging
from
pretty
low
to
quite
high.
To
generate
this
output
for
us
to
discuss,
in
consultation
with
Steve
Reed
and
Chris
Goudreau,
DWR
chose
to
take
the
static
snapshot
approach.
It's
crude;
on
the
other
hand,
it
is
very
conservative.
It
more
accurately
represents
what
is
happening
at
low
flows
when
you
are
much
less
likely
to
overwhelm
the
size
of
the
intake,
but
at
average
to
higher
flows
it
is
not
reality.
At
the
upper
portion
of
the
hydrograph,
we
are
overestimating
the
effect
on
habitat.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
19
of
30
On
the
plus
side,
we
have
removed
the
uncertainty
of
arbitrarily
guessing
at
the
size
of
the
pipe
for
analyzing
the
habitat
with
statewide
application.
On
the
downside,
this
really
simplifies
a
complex
system.
Q:
Is
our
main
concern
at
the
lowest
flows,
though?
R:
I
would
say
yes,
more
so.
R:
Factoring
that
as
accurately
as
we
can
should
be
our
primary
concern?
Then
dealing
with
highest
flows
may
not
be
something
we
need
to
define
as
carefully.
R:
That
went
into
our
tentative
approach
(the
static
snapshot
approach).
Q:
If
you
have
really
high
flows
and
you
do
not
know
what
your
storage
capacity
is,
then
how
well
are
you
actually
able
to
model
the
next
node
down?
R:
You
are
treating
each
node
independently.
We
are
starting
with
unregulated
flows.
When
I
do
the
Eno
River
Hillsborough
site,
which
is
upstream
from
this
Eno
River
State
Park
site,
it
will
be
dealt
with
independently,
starting
with
unregulated
and
saying
that
you
can
take
10-‐30%
of
the
ambient
flow
out,
assuming
it
is
the
biggest
pump
in
the
world
and
can
take
everything
from
.2
to
200
cfs,
or
a
big
reservoir
that
can
hold
downstream
flows
flat
at
any
inflow.
One
thing
that
went
into
our
initial
thinking
was
that
it
was
a
conservative
estimate
and
as
you
point
out,
it
is
more
realistic
at
the
low
flow
end,
which
is
where
we
are
more
concerned
about
the
effects
than
at
the
higher
end.
Another
thought
we
had
was
that
this
is
a
first
cut.
We
are
looking
at
15
different
flow
regimes:
six
different
percentages
of
average
flow,
5
different
percentage
flow
withdrawals,
and
four
other
minimums.
With
that
in
mind,
we
thought
this
might
be
a
good
way
to
do
it
on
the
first
cut,
to
narrow
that
down
to
hopefully
a
third
or
less
of
those
before
deciding
what
assumptions
to
make
about
the
size
of
the
intake
or
setting
a
cap
on
the
size.
We
can
try
that
with
a
couple
of
scenarios
to
see
what
difference
it
would
make.
Q:
If
you
capped
it?
R:
Yes,
but
to
do
that
for
15
of
them,
and
then
try
to
digest
and
compare
would
be
a
lot
of
work.
We
are
trying
to
look
for
ways
to
reduce
the
volume
of
things
to
consider,
not
expand
them.
Q:
Has
there
been
any
consideration
of
whether
this
data
would
fit
into
the
Index
of
Hydrologic
Alteration
(IHA)
such
that
you
could
include
all
these
variables
but
come
up
with
something
you
could
more
easily
show
for
all
these
different
scenarios
in
one
graph,
even
a
bar
chart?
R:
I
had
not
thought
of
that.
It's
just
columns
of
numbers;
it
can
go
into
IHA.
That's
just
going
to
provide
hydrologic
differences;
that's
not
going
to
give
you
habitat
differences,
though.
R:
Right,
but
it
might
be
a
quick
way
to
summarize
it.
R:
Of
course
you
would
still
have
to
pick
which
of
those
132
variables
that
IHA
can
spit
out
are
the
most
illuminating.
Any
other
thoughts
about
this
static
snapshot
versus
the
“make
an
assumption,
then
cap
the
withdrawal
size”
approaches?
R:
Do
you
have
any
idea
what
the
maximum
withdrawal
from
the
system
is?
R:
You
have
everything
from
being
equal
to
the
annual
flow
in
a
small
system
to
just
a
small
percentage
in
others.
It
could
be
all
over
the
place.
That
was
my
thinking
when
Jim
brought
this
up
with
me
a
couple
of
weeks
ago;
for
now,
just
to
give
people
a
peek
at
all
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
20
of
30
this,
let's
not
over-‐complicate
things.
We
may
find
this
does
not
even
work
so
why
waste
time
getting
into
all
the
details.
Q:
Based
on
that
last
comment,
how
do
we
know
it
works?
It's
going
to
generate
numbers.
It
is
going
to
plug
those
numbers
relative
to
the
habitat
into
parameters
that
are
defined
by
the
guild
parameters
that
were
plugged
in,
and
we
are
going
to
see
an
output.
What
are
we
going
to
measure
that
against?
How
do
we
know
that
that
means
something?
How
do
we
judge
and
determine
that
this
is
successful
and
this
is
something
that
we
want
to
pin
something
on
going
forward?
What
is
our
measure?
I
know
that
we
can
do
the
models,
etc.,
but
for
validating
this
or
for
something
else,
do
you
have
information
from
historical
data
on
the
Eno,
for
example,
that
you
can
correlate
that
with
and
say,
this
is
what
the
model
said;
this
is
what
we
measured,
and
this
is
how
well
they
correlate.
R:
I
think
that
is
back
to
the
comment
earlier
about
being
two
different
questions,
a
fork
in
the
road.
The
way
I
understand
this
blue
box
approach,
let's
run
these
different
scenarios
to
understand
how
habitat
responses
come
out
when
looking
at
percentage
of
flow
withdrawal
versus
a
static
number,
such
as
7Q10,
and
see
what
sort
of
patterns
we
are
seeing.
Are
they
telling
us
the
same
thing
or
something
different.
Then
run
it
again
on
another
site
and
see
if
we
see
the
same
patterns
holding
up.
I
think
it
is
just,
at
this
point,
not
trying
to
tie
it
back
to
biology.
It
is
just
saying,
how
do
we
see
these
models
responding
to
proposed
ecological
flow
recommendations,
and
does
that
help
us
figure
out
if
something
makes
sense
or
not?
R:
I
am
willing
to
accept
that.
What
I
am
getting
at
is
just
validating
based
on
habitat.
To
me
that
is
the
first
decision
point.
You
have
built
a
model
based
on
measurement
of
the
monitoring
you
have
done
in
the
stream.
Now
you
have
made
predictions
on
what
effect
it
has
on
the
habitat
when
you
alter
the
flow.
Do
you
have
data
points
on
that
same
stream
based
on
observed
changes,
that
you
can
go
back
and
say,
yes,
now
that
we
built
the
model,
here
is
how
well
the
model
predicts
and
here
is
what
we
have
under
those
circumstances,
to
suggest
that
your
model
is
built
correctly
and
that
it
really
is
accurately
predicting
the
habitat
change?
To
me
that
is
the
first
crux
in
the
road.
You
have
built
the
model
based
on
your
measurements
and
observations;
now
you
need
to
go
back
and
show
that
it
actually
does
reflect
what
really
does
happen
with
the
habitat.
Then
we
have
to
jump
to
the
next
leap
of
faith,
which
is
how
well
that
translates
into
something
that
is
biologically
meaningful.
R:
The
first
is
validation;
the
second
is
the
habitat
versus
biomass.
R:
The
question
really
is
that
you
have
a
lot
of
data
based
on
the
Eno
River
and
do
you
have
enough
to
go
back
and
say,
okay,
now
that
we
have
built
our
model
projections,
are
there
data
points
that
you
can
go
back
and
look
at
and
see
that,
yes,
under
these
conditions,
this
is
what
did
happen
with
the
habitat?
Q:
I
thought
there
was
a
scientific
understanding
that
the
IFIM
(Instream
Flow
Incremental
Methodology)
that
DWR
did
on
the
Eno
20
years
ago
has
been
performed,
and
that
similar
types
of
settings
have
been
performed
many
places
across
the
southeast
and
the
country
and
that
as
the
flow
changes,
the
predicted
habitat
changes
within
that
model
are
pretty
well
established,
that
it
pretty
well
works
at
modeling
changes
in
stream
changes.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
21
of
30
R:
The
question
has
to
do
with,
for
example
the
deep/fast-‐-‐how
does
the
deep/fast
guild
respond
to
depth
and
velocity?
Do
they
like
one
foot
per
second,
or
do
they
sort
of
like
one
foot
per
second.
The
information
that
went
into
these
models
is
literature
based,
from
various
locations.
It
was
reviewed
by
a
group
of
fish
biologists
and
others
in
the
context
of
hydro-‐power
relicensing.
It
was
not
tested
in
the
field,
however,
in
terms
of
whether
the
transferability
of
literature-‐based
on
research
conducted
at
other
locations
to
this
stream
or
that
stream
is
valid.
We
have
not
had
the
resources
to
do
that.
We
have
taken
that
leap
of
faith,
and
it
is
not
uncommon
that
that
is
done.
Not
that
it
is
a
great
thing
to
do,
but
it
is
the
reality.
I
think
that
is
what
Jeff
is
getting
at
in
terms
of
validation
of
the
model,
to
verify
that
it
really
does
accurately
represent
how
the
bugs
and
fish
in
that
stream
respond
to
the
changes
in
flow.
What
you
would
do
is
some
way
to
actually
say,
based
on
the
model,
you
should
see
more
fish
here
than
here,
of
that
particular
guild.
Then
you
go
out
and
determine
if
you
do
see
more
fish
here
than
here.
Do
you
see
a
statistically
relevant
difference
in
where
you
find
them
and
does
that
match
up
with
what
your
model
predicts?
R:
The
second
question
is
much
further
down
the
road,
which
is
the
relationship
between
habitat
and
biota.
C:
That
does
not
necessarily
mean
your
model
is
wrong.
It
may
just
be
that
there
is
an
over-‐riding
factor,
such
as
a
thermal
input,
that
is
not
measured
by
a
hydrologic
model.
I
think
there
is
a
lot
to
be
said
for
validation,
but
it
takes
a
whole
lot
more
resources
than
are
probably
available
to
this
organization
at
this
time.
There
are
always
those
situations
where
you
have
this
over-‐riding
factor
that
would
not
allow
you
to
validate
it
at
any
given
time.
Facilitator:
I'm
also
wondering
if
it
is
a
timing
question.
Given
that
we
have
one
half
hour
left
today,
the
question
to
answer
today
is
if
there
is
value
in
continuing
to
run
scenarios
prior
to
the
validation,
and
if
so,
perhaps
focus
the
rest
of
this
meeting
on
what
scenarios
and
how
to
display
the
results.
C:
Yes,
I
do
need
some
input.
C:
The
question
I
had
was
sort
of
a
yes
or
no,
and
you
answered
it,
which
is
that
there
is
a
need
for
that
[validation];
I
just
think
that
our
group
may
need
to
document
that.
Let's
put
it
down
and
let's
move
forward.
Presenter:
Other
questions
arose.
You
can
produce
reams
of
numbers
and
different
metrics.
There
is
a
table
like
this
DYALT5
(the
last
slide
at
http://www.ncwater.org/Data_and_Modeling/eflows/sab/presentations/20110816/E
no_State_Park_shallow_guilds_percent_inflow_habitat_scenarios.pdf)
for
each
flow
scenario.
I
chose
to
run
the
five
“percentage
of
inflow”
approaches.
To
try
to
group
things
into
groups
that
did
not
have
so
many
variations,
I
broke
it
down
into
three
types
of
approaches:
1)
percentage
of
average
flow,
of
which
there
are
six;
2)
percentage
of
inflow,
of
which
there
are
five,
and
3)
the
rest
(the
7Q10's,
the
monthly
median,
and
the
September
median)
of
which
there
are
four.
The
other
way
I
broke
them
down
was
by
grouping
the
guilds.
To
produce
this
table,
I
ran
just
the
shallow,
both
fast
and
slow,
and
just
the
percentage
of
inflow
regimes.
There
are
four
sections
of
this
table,
corresponding
to
the
four
habitat
metrics
[See
an
explanation
of
Time
Series
Analysis
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
22
of
30
and
the
habitat
metrics
at
the
very
end
of
this
section
summarizing
Jim
Mead’s
presentation].
One
question
I
have
for
the
EFSAB
is
about
these
metrics:
Do
you
have
any
questions
about
what
they
are?
Is
one
or
more
of
those
of
more
value
to
present
graphically?
The
blue
numbers
are
where
they
are
greater
than
100%,
meaning
there
is
more
habitat
than
unregulated
for
that
particular
metric;
the
red
ones
are
when
it
is
less
than
80%
of
the
unregulated
value
for
that
metric.
Facilitator:
Can
I
make
a
suggestion?
Do
you
have
any
conclusions
from
running
this
where
you
can
kind
of
show
the
meat,
then
see
how
it
got
cooked?
R:
No,
because
to
get
to
conclusions
I
have
to
run
all
108,
and
before
I
run
all
108,
I
would
like
for
folks
to
feel
that
we
are
heading
where
we
want.
Is
the
way
it
is
displayed
appropriate
for
our
purposes?
Once
I
have
the
template
set
up,
it
is
not
rocket
science
to
do
this,
but
it
is
time-‐consuming
and
tedious.
I
did
it
once
for
a
subset
so
that
we
could
look
at
some
of
it
to
determine
if
this
is
useful
or
not.
Tables
are
a
little
dense.
There
are
a
lot
of
numbers,
which
is
why
I
colored
them.
You
can
see
looking
at
this
table,
which
says
in
the
title
that
30
%
of
the
inflow
was
withdrawn,
meaning
that
every
day
flow
equals
.7
times
the
unregulated
flows,
and
this
table
had
more
red
than
.75
times
unregulated
flow
for
these
shallow/slow
and
shallow/fast
guilds.
You
can
see
shallow/fast/high
velocity
(the
ones
who
like
it
really
fast),
versus
the
moderate
velocity
who
like
it
sort
of
fast,
or
low
velocity
who
still
like
it
fast
but
on
the
low
end
of
fast.
C:
The
problem
I
have
in
really
providing
any
feedback
on
the
discussion
is
the
point
the
facilitator
was
trying
to
make,
which
is
where
is
the
bottom
line?
The
bottom
line
to
me
in
the
legislation
says
what
we
want
you
to
do
is
come
up
with
these
models
such
that
we
will
be
able
to
maintain
the
species
we
want,
but
if
you
alter
it,
then
all
we
really
do
care
about
is
that
we
maintain
the
goods
and
services.
I
do
not
understand
how
we
get
from
our
various
guilds
or
species
impacts
to
making
the
judgment
call
about
whether
this
still
provides
goods
and
services
and
it
is
okay.
R:
That's
the
second
question
we
talked
about
earlier.
R:
That's
the
difficulty
for
me.
One
of
the
questions
I
come
back
to
is
that
somebody
has
to
approve
these
models
or
this
approach
and
it
has
to
go
back
to
the
commission.
I'm
not
sure
who
the
Commission
is,
whether
that
is
the
EMC
or
the
ERC
or
some
other
commission.
It
might
give
us
some
help
in
how
we
evaluate
what
goods
and
services
are
more
important
in
which
guild
if
we
knew
who
the
commission
is.
R:
I
know
the
answer
to
the
goods
and
services
question.
It
[the
legislation]
says,
"and
when
subject
to
disruption
to
recover",
which
means
to
the
condition
of
a
balanced,
integrated,
adaptive
community,
etc.
AND
to
provide
the
natural
goods
and
services
that
normally
accrue
to
the
system.
That's
the
legislative
talk
to
get
people
on
board
with
the
law,
to
indicate
that
there
are
human
values
also.
Mr.
Clodfelter
specified
that
implementing
this
Act
should
tell
us
how
much
water
is
needed
to
keep
the
stream
biologically
intact,
how
much
water
is
needed
to
meet
human
requirements,
and
how
much
water
is
needed
to
meet
legal
requirements
for
water
quality.
There
are
really
three
goals
built
into
the
Act.
This
little
thing
tagged
onto
the
end
is
about
one
of
them.
The
other
stuff
"balanced,
integrated,
adaptive
community,
etc."
is
about
the
ecological
integrity
of
the
streams.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
23
of
30
C:
When
I
look
at
this
[the
table],
I
think
it
is
helpful
to
see,
after
looking
at
it
long
enough,
that
your
shallow/fast/high
velocity
and
moderate
velocity
are
suffering
from
this
change.
They
are
the
ones
getting
hit
the
hardest
by
30%
withdrawal,
and
that's
assuming
that
your
wood
and
vegetation
and
coarse
and
fine
are
not
being
detrimentally
impacted
by
going
above
their
preferred
range.
We
can
assume
that
it
is
just
the
negative
impacts
of
going
below.
R:
I
think
it
is
probably
because
they
like
it
slow.
R:
The
slower
it
is
the
better
they
like
it.
R:
And
they
like
it
shallow.
R:
There's
probably
some
kind
of
exceedance
where
it's
not
that
positive.
R:
That's
what
determines
the
community
composition.
R:
Total
composition,
and
this
doesn't
really
answer
what
that
final
composition
is
going
to
be.
C:
The
other
thing
you
might
use
is
that
those
percentages
are
compared
to
the
unregulated.
What
would
be
there
in
the
absence
of
any
flow
alteration.
If
it
were
a
stream
that
had
a
lot
of
shallow/slow
habitat
because
it
is
a
low-‐flow
stream
and
it
is
really
good
for
those
guilds,
that
gets
taken
into
account.
If
it
is
a
stream
that
has
a
lot
of
deep/fast
habitat,
because
it
tends
to
have
deep
fast
areas,
higher
flows,
high
runoffs,
high
base
flows,
it
gets
put
into
that
context.
R:
The
composition
is
still
site
specific
hydrologically
because
you
have
your
unregulated
estimate,
but
it
is
not
a
just
a
mean.
Facilitator:
I'm
afraid
I
need
to
intervene
here.
In
order
to
assess
this
Eno
Model
approach,
we
want
to
focus
the
remaining
time
today
on
what
metrics
are
most
useful
and
what
are
the
most
useful
ways
for
DWR
to
display
the
data
for
assessing
how
we
are
going
to
go
forward
from
here.
C:
Jim,
you
have
to
condense
this.
R:
That
was
one
of
my
questions.
Let's
look
at
the
tab
that
says
summer
[under
the
table].
That
takes
those
tables
and
puts
it
in
bar
graph
form
[signs
of
relief
among
the
EFSAB].
Remember
those
tables
had
just
four
metrics:
A,
B,
C,
and
median.
Graphically,
I
picked
one
of
them;
this
is
index
B.
This
shows
all
those
daily
habitat
values,
except
for
the
very
tails
(highest
and
lowest
ten
percent).
It's
a
trimmed
mean,
essentially,
so
that
it
doesn't
get
skewed
by
really
high
and
really
low
values.
I
managed
to
fit
all
eight
shallow
guilds
on
there,
and
I
also
got
five
of
the
percentage
inflow
regimes
on
there.
They
are
the
clustered
bars
of
different
colors.
Ways
to
condense
this?
There
are
a
couple
of
possibilities
that
came
to
my
mind.
Right
now
I
have
sixteen
of
these
plots.
There
is
one
for
each
month
and
one
for
each
of
the
four
seasons,
which
are
groups
of
months.
One
way
to
go
would
be
to
pick
a
handful
of
those,
not
look
at
all
sixteen,
or
to
look
at
just
the
seasonal
groupings
instead
of
the
individual
months.
For
the
very
wet
and
very
dry
months
that
is
probably
okay,
but
for
the
shoulder
ones
(fall
and
spring),
the
individual
months
that
you
have
lumped
together
are
a
little
more
different,
so
I'm
not
so
sure
about
lumping
them.
Another
possibility
is
to
reduce
the
number
of
guilds.
If
we
are
looking
for
thresholds,
looking
for
ways
to
say
this
particular
percentage
of
inflow
withdrawn
is
good,
or
this
is
too
much,
if
I
look
at
those
eight,
the
one
that
is
most
sensitive
is
the
one
that
is
off
to
the
far
right.
The
next
most
sensitive
is
the
next
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
24
of
30
one
to
the
right
(the
shallow/fast/moderate
velocity
(SFMODVEL)),
then
maybe
the
shallow/fast/low
velocity.
I
would
look
at
that
and
say
those
three
would
be
what
I
would
focus
my
comparison
on,
and
I
wouldn't
worry
about
the
other
five.
C:
You
just
pick
the
top
three
for
each
of
your
scenarios
and
move
on.
R:
That
is
a
way
to
reduce
it.
I
have
to
do
this
at
least
once.
You
don't
have
to
see
it,
but
I
have
to
do
it
at
least
once
to
be
able
to
narrow
it
down.
That's
another
way,
and
we
have
used
that
approach
in
hydro-‐power
relicensing.
We
do
a
check
at
the
end
to
make
sure
that
we
haven't
screwed
the
others,
but
we
focus
on
the
ones
that
are
most
responsive.
Q:
If
you
don't
see
a
difference
between
10
and
30,
I
agree
that
you
can
simplify
things
that
way.
I
was
also
thinking
about
withdrawals
seasonally;
the
highest
water
withdrawals
are
going
to
be
in
the
summer
months
and
stretch
through
September,
so
is
that
an
important
focus
for
simplifying
things
in
a
seasonal
way?
I
know
that
may
correlate
with
hydro-‐power,
which
is
trying
to
generate
the
most
energy
in
the
summer
so
that
may
be
when
they
have
the
highest
withdrawals.
From
that
perspective,
could
we
think
about
it
in
a
way
to
narrow
it
down?
R:
To
focus
on
the
lower
flow
periods
of
the
year?
R:
Right.
C:
Because
of
that
convergence
of
low
flow
and
high
demand
coming
together
at
the
same
time.
R:
That
is
the
wrong
approach
in
my
opinion,
for
the
following
reason:
even
though
the
water
withdrawal
is
higher
you
may
have
more
alteration
for
the
reservoir
to
fill
back
up
so
the
time
of
impact
extends
beyond
just
the
low
flow
periods.
R:
Another
thing
I
wanted
to
comment
on
is
the
importance
of
being
able
to
establish
ecological
flow
targets
during
times
of
high
water
availability.
That
is
going
to
be
when
reservoirs
or
withdrawals
for
off-‐stream
storage
are
going
to
want
to
refill.
They
will
want
to
know
not
just
when
water
is
short
but
also,
when
water
is
plentiful,
how
can
they
get
back
in
the
plus
column,
get
back
in
the
black
in
terms
of
this
storage
they
are
setting
aside
for
the
dry
times.
We
may
well
have
different,
for
example
percentage
of
inflow
criteria,
depending
on
what
time
of
year
it
is.
R:
And
if
that's
true,
we
may
not
really
be
able
to
reduce
the
number
of
runs
you
have
to
do.
R:
Well,
if
we
reduce
this
to
maybe
the
two
or
three
on
the
right,
then
I
do
the
deep/fast
and,
again,
maybe
come
up
with
a
couple
out
of
those
six
and
a
couple
out
of
the
bugs
and
others,
shad
and
so
on,
so
that
the
flow
response
of
the
guilds
and
species
sit
on
one
plot,
we
have
reduced
the
outputs
you
need
to
look
at
to
one
third.
Then
if
you
pick
a
subset
of
months
instead
of
looking
at
all
twelve
(look
at
every
other
one
and
you
have
cut
it
in
half),
or
if
you
look
at
all
four
seasons,
you
are
only
looking
at
four
instead
of
sixteen.
I
am
still
a
little
unsure
about
those
fall
and
spring
ones
because
you
get
a
real
variation
in
flow
within
the
spring
months,
depending
on
whether
it
is
early
or
late.
C:
Until
you
present
your
results
in
some
sort
of
consolidated
fashion,
obviously
you
are
the
best
one
to
make
those
decisions.
Looking
at
the
data
you
can
best
decide
how
to
present
it.
I
don't
think
this
group
is
going
to
be
of
much
service
to
you
in
that
regard
until
after
you
have
done
it
and
you
have
screwed
up,
and
we
tell
you
how
we
want
to
do
it
differently.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
25
of
30
Q:
If
you
shorten
it
now,
and
you
get
to
the
ones
you
feel
are
sensitive,
that's
those
that
you
recognize
as
being
sensitive
to
this
particular
stream,
this
particular
scenario.
What
concerns
me
is
that
what
I
really,
really
want
to
know
at
the
end
of
the
day
is
if
you
ran
this
on
Rocky
River
information,
if
it
would
look
like
what
you
ran
on
the
Eno.
R:
That
would
be
huge.
Q:
Instead
of
running
everything
for
the
Eno,
can
we
just
choose
a
very
good
representation
of
indices
and
options
to
run
on
both
the
Eno
and
the
Rocky
simultaneously
so
that
we
can
see
if
they
respond
in
the
same
way?
If
they
do
respond
similarly,
then
go
back
and
narrow
it
based
on
the
responsiveness
of
both
of
those
systems?
C:
That's
getting
at
what
Bob
suggested
as
well:
instead
of
having
lots
of
output
for
one
site,
have
a
reduced
amount
of
output
for
multiple
sites.
R:
Using
ones
that
you
think
would
be
a
good
best
guess
of
scenarios.
C:
And
I
could
see
the
value
of
that.
I
was
just
trying
to
get
a
little
bit
of
guidance;
if
we
are
going
to
look
at
reduced
output,
how
do
I
reduce
that
output?
I
am
getting
some
ideas
here.
R:
Could
you
use
a
3-‐D
graph-‐-‐the
four
seasons
overlaid
on
a
3-‐D
graph
to
do
that
seasonal
comparison
for
us?
R:
I
could
try.
I
am
not
sure
what
it
would
look
like.
C:
I
think
there
is
some
multivariate
????
that
would
help
you
here.
It
is
also
possible
to
say
you
have
existing
classes
in
different
scenarios,
then
use
something
like
an
indicator
species
analysis
that
would
pull
out
for
you
what
are
best
defining
your
different
clusters,
which
would
be
your
treatments.
There
are
a
number
of
multivariate
ways.
I
will
try
to
take
a
look
at
the
data
and
see
if
I
can
suggest
some
things,
help
pull
things
out
so
you
can
focus
on
it
instead
of
going
through
every
day
like
you
are.
R:
It
will
be
much
less
work
for
me
to
run
the
other
Eno
River
site
than
it
was
to
run
this
one
because
I
have
come
up
with
a
way
to
update
the
model.
They
were
done
at
the
same
time,
same
way.
Updating
that
other
Eno
River
site,
I
won't
have
to
start
from
scratch.
Rocky
River
or
another
small
flashy
will
take
a
little
more
time
to
bring
up
to
speed.
I
will
see
what
else
we
have.
R:
What
about
the
Deep?
R:
We
don't
have
any
sites
like
this
on
the
Deep
River.
C:
If
I
had
to
make
some
decisions,
I
would
tend
to
want
to
have
as
many
parts
of
the
community
represented
as
possible
because,
as
I
read
the
definition
of
ecological
integrity,
it
is
really
community-‐structure
oriented,
and,
as
I
said
before,
to
highlight
just
the
most
sensitive
species,
I
think
does
not
capture
the
community
well.
R:
That
is
the
downside
of
that
approach.
C:
The
second
thing,
though,
is
that,
at
least
the
one
you
have
shown
here
compared
to
your
other
graphs,
the
difference
between
10,
15,
20,
25
and
30
is
a
linear
relationship,
and
why
you
can't
just
do
10,
20
and
30
or,
at
least
at
this
stage
when
you
are
just
scanning,
take
the
top,
bottom
and
one
in
the
middle
to
make
sure
it
is
linear,
or
at
least
have
a
better
estimate
that
it
is
linear.
Q:
A
couple
of
mechanical
questions:
your
shallow/fast/high
velocity
guild
description
says
it
is
based
on
fantail
darter
adult.
Is
that
correct,
and
is
that
species
found
in
the
Eno
River?
R:
Yes,
I
believe
it
is.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
26
of
30
Q:
And
is
that
species
also
found
in
the
Rocky
River?
R:
It
is
fairly
well-‐distributed.
C:
It
is
very
widepread.
C:
I
am
assuming
there
is
more
in
that
descriptor
than
just
the
habitat
for
that
one
species,
but
I
am
just
wanting
to
get
some
correlation
that
when
we
are
comparing
this
model
across
different
locations
using
what
seems
to
be
the
most
sensitive
indicator,
that
we
are
actually
looking
at
information
that
we
have
on
hand
that
is
realistic.
R:
And
I
would
remind
folks
too
that
yes,
it
is
based
on
the
habitat
preferences
for
fantail
darter
adults
in
this
case.
They
were
selected
as
a
representative
species
for
that
group
of
species
that
likes
it
shallow/fast
and
really
fast.
Facilitator:
It
sounds
like
there
is
agreement
that
the
data
needs
to
be
narrowed.
R:
I
have
received
some
suggestions
on
ways
to
do
that.
Facilitator:
Are
people
comfortable
with,
based
on
the
suggestions
made,
that
Jim
use
his
judgment?
R:
I
will
take
a
whack
and
send
it
out.
Facilitator:
Did
you
have
other
questions
you
needed
answered
today?
R:
The
only
other
question
that
came
to
mind
was
daily
versus
monthly
flows.
That
is
why
this
table
has
DYALT1-‐DYALT6
and
MEDALT
1-‐MEDALT6.
MED's
are
monthly
flows,
instead
of
daily
flows,
that
were
converted
into
habitat
and
all
the
same
stats
run.
We
have
never
done
a
comprehensive
comparison
on
results
to
see
if
you
get
much
difference
depending
on
whether
you
use
the
daily
versus
monthly
time
step.
I
know
you
took
a
little
bit
of
a
look
at
it
in
just
one
example,
Chris.
There
did
not
seem
to
be
a
dramatic
difference
using
one
versus
the
other.
We
have
tended
to
lean
toward
the
daily
just
so
you
don't
end
up
over-‐averaging
and
smoothing
variations
in
habitat
inflow.
Q:
Are
those
the
two
options,
or
wouldn't
weekly
also
be
an
option?
R:
All
this
stuff
is
coded
to
run
on
either
daily
or
monthly.
You
can
do
weekly,
but
it
requires
some
recoding
to
break
down
into
weekly.
Facilitator:
So
Jim,
it
kind
of
sounds
like
you
should
just
make
the
decisions
regarding
how
to
run
it
and
present
it-‐-‐follow
them
through,
keep
track
of
them,
make
the
decisions,
come
back
with
the
final
"how's
this?",
then
as
was
suggested,
the
EFSAB
can
take
it
apart
and
do
it
over.
I
don't
think
there
is
any
way
to
get
around
that,
and
then
you
can
say
why
you
did
what
you
did
and
people
can
say
if
they
are
okay
with
that
or
say
what
they
do
need,
and
if
you
can
do
one
species
in
two
places
or
one
type
in
two
places.
C:
I
would
like
to
clarify
that
I
was
not
talking
about
one
species.
Mostly,
thinking,
regarding
shallow/fast/high
velocity,
does
that
represent
a
high
percentage
of
the
habitat
in
your
model?
If
there
is
only
a
tiny
amount
of
that
habitat
available
in
that
particular
area,
and
we
are
making
these
decisions
based
on
something
that
is
barely
representative
of
the
stream,
then
we
may
not
be
going
in
the
right
direction.
R:
That's
a
really
important
point.
Looking
at
the
DYALT
table
again,
that
is
why
we
had
the
table
and
not
just
the
bar
charts.
That
way
you
can
look
at
the
absolute
numbers.
Yes,
you
are
exactly
right.
The
column
that
is
headed
Index
B
is
the
actual
values
of
that
metric
under
unregulated
conditions.
Notice
that
they
are
in
the
hundreds.
Compare
that
to
the
shallow/fast/moderate
velocity,
which
is
about
an
order
of
magnitude
bigger.
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
27
of
30
Q:
Is
that
simply
a
computational
factor,
though.
You
are
dealing
with
percentages.
R:
That's
why
percentages
can
be
dangerous
if
you
don't
look
at
the
actual
magnitudes.
You
are
exactly
right.
You
don't
rely
on
just
percentages
because
if
you
have
small
denominators,
it
doesn't
take
much
change
to
have
a
big
percentage
difference.
Here,
it
may
be
that
the
shallow/fast/moderate
velocity
represents
a
larger
amount
of
the
habitat
out
there,
that
is
also
somewhat
sensitive;
not
as
sensitive
as
the
high
velocity,
but
the
next
most
sensitive,
but
certainly
more
in
terms
of
the
amount
of
habitat
out
there.
You
probably
look
at
both,
but
you
keep
that
in
your
mind
in
terms
of
interpreting
the
results
for
shallow/fast/high
velocity.
C:
But
if
that
is
representing
something
that
is
an
important
species
or
guild,
you
still
don't
want
to
throw
it
out
just
because
it
is
low.
If
you
are
a
fantail
darter,
it
is
your
world.
C:
You
are
assuming
that
fantail
darters
won't
deal
with
moderate
velocities.
C:
That's
not
an
assumption;
that's
what
we
have
modeled.
C:
That's
a
good
reason
to
go
not
just
with
bar
graphs,
but
to
have
the
tables
to
supplement
that.
Q:
Can
you
put
that
in
a
pie
chart
showing
altered
versus
unaltered?
R:
Another
way
to
do
it
might
be
to
have
data
labels
in
the
bar
chart
that
show
magnitudes,
not
just
percentage,
but
the
actual
number
that
was
put
in
the
bar.
C:
I
want
to
disagree
with
what
Patrick
summed
up
about
Jim's
going
ahead
and
doing
things
and
then
coming
back
to
us.
I
think
we
are
all
capable
of
saying
no,
we
don't
feel
comfortable
making
a
suggestion,
but
we
also
want
to
feel
like
we
can
make
suggestions
when
we
can.
I
would
much
rather
have
a
situation
where
if
Jim
has
a
question,
he
brings
it
to
us.
C:
The
other
thing
is
that
this
is
just
the
percentage
flow
approach.
We
might
come
up
with
different
questions
or
suggestions
based
on
the
other
approaches
so
I
am
reluctant
to
start
culling
too
much
at
this
point
because
we
might
learn
some
other
things
based
on
these
other
approaches.
I
am
all
for
your
doing
everything
at
this
point.
R:
Getting
to
this
point
took
more
work
than
it
will
take
to
run
the
rest,
and
I
wanted
to
have
at
least
some
discreet
group
of
results
for
everyone
to
look
at
today.
I
will
see
what
I
can
do
in
terms
of
getting
some
products
out
to
folks
well
enough
before
the
next
meeting
so
that
if
we
have
some
more
tweaking
I
can
do
before
the
next
meeting,
I
have
a
chance
to
do
that.
Like
I
said,
I
have
the
template.
Q:
Is
everyone
comfortable
with
what
indices
A,
B
and
C
mean?
R:
A
and
C
are
pretty
similar.
They
are
in
a
spread
sheet
in
the
e-‐mail
I
sent
out
not
too
long
ago.
Q:
The
definitions
are
spelled
out
in
the
spreadsheet
better
than
here?
R:
No,
they
are
the
same.
C:
Would
you
be
willing
to
provide
us
a
narrative
explaining
the
difference
between
those?
R:
Yes,
and
if
anybody
has
any
ideas
on
additional
metrics,
let
me
know.
[Facilitator's
note:
Jim
provided
after
the
meeting,
the
following,
which
also
includes
an
explanation
of
Habitat
Time
Series
Analysis]:
Habitat
Time
Series
Analysis
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
28
of
30
1. Two
items
of
data
are
needed
to
perform
time
series
analysis.
a. A
set
of
habitat
versus
flow
relationships
for
each
guild,
species
or
life
stage
for
the
site
in
question.
These
curves
or
tables
are
produced
by
physical
habitat
simulation
modeling
of
depths,
velocities,
substrate,
and
cover
at
cross-‐sections
selected
to
represent
aquatic
habitat
in
the
reach
being
evaluated.
Physical
conditions
at
a
particular
flow
are
merged
with
habitat
preference
indices
for
each
guild,
species,
and
life
stage
being
considered
to
determine
the
“weighted
usable
area
(WUA)
at
that
flow.
Repeating
this
for
a
range
of
flows
produces
the
table
or
curve
for
each
guild
or
species.
b. A
record
of
flow
data
–
typically
a
record
of
daily
stream
flows
from
either
a
USGS
gaging
station
or
simulated
by
a
hydrologic
model
–
Oasis
or
WaterFALL
for
example.
2. Time
series
analysis
relates
the
habitat
versus
flow
relationships
to
the
availability
of
water
in
the
stream.
The
output
from
the
aquatic
habitat
model
is
used
to
convert
a
record
of
stream
flows
into
a
record
of
habitat
values.
This
can
be
done
for
daily
flows
or
monthly
flow
values.
3. Statistical
analysis
of
the
habitat
record
can
be
conducted
to
develop
various
habitat
metrics
and
other
analytical
products
such
as
habitat
duration
curves.
These
analyses
are
usually
done
on
a
monthly
basis
to
reflect
seasonal
differences
in
hydrology
and
organism
life
cycles
–
spawning
behavior,
for
example.
Months
can
also
be
grouped
to
determine
seasonal
habitat
metrics.
4. One
type
of
output
product
is
a
habitat
duration
curve.
Similar
to
a
flow
duration
curve,
it
represents
the
percentage
of
time
a
given
habitat
level
is
equaled
or
exceeded.
5. There
is
one
key
difference
between
flow
and
habitat
duration
curves.
The
habitat
versus
flow
relationship
is
not
linear,
and
in
fact
is
often
bell-‐shaped,
with
lowest
habitat
levels
occurring
at
low
AND
high
flows.
Therefore,
the
habitat
duration
curve
is
not
directly
comparable
to
a
flow
duration
curve
–
since
habitat
levels
are
based
on
the
shape
of
the
habitat
versus
flow
relationship
particular
to
each
species
and
life
stage.
6. Time
series
analysis
is
used
to
compare
habitat
availability
for
different
flow
scenarios.
For
example,
one
could
overlay
the
habitat
duration
curves
for
a
given
guild
or
species/life
stage
for
unregulated
or
“natural”
flows
and
various
proposed
flow
regime
alternatives.
7. Habitat
metrics
are
often
used
to
allow
a
more
quantified
comparison
of
different
flow
scenarios
–
percentage
differences,
for
example.
These
metrics
are
calculated
separately
for
each
guild
or
species
on
a
monthly
or
seasonal
basis.
Four
metrics
are
often
calculated.
8. Median
–
the
habitat
value
that
is
equaled
or
exceeded
50%
of
the
time
–
the
midpoint
in
the
full
range
of
all
of
the
daily
habitat
values
when
they
are
sorted
by
magnitude.
The
median
is
NOT
the
same
as
the
mean
or
average
value,
and
is
somewhat
preferable
to
the
average
because
it
not
as
influenced
by
outlier
values
at
the
high
or
low
end
of
the
spectrum.
For
example:
for
this
series
of
five
values
1,
7,
8,
9,
10
-‐
the
median
is
8,
whereas
the
average
is
7.
9. Indices
A,
B,
and
C
are
other
habitat
metrics
used
in
analyzing
and
interpreting
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
29
of
30
results
from
instream
flow
studies
of
aquatic
habitat.
Each
of
these
quantifies
a
portion
of
the
daily
habitat
values
occurring
over
time
according
to
the
monthly
or
seasonal
habitat
duration
curves.
It
can
be
helpful
to
think
of
Indices
A,
B,
or
C
as
a
representation
of
the
area
under
some
defined
range
of
the
habitat
duration
curve.
Each
index
is
determined
on
a
monthly
or
seasonal
basis
for
each
guild,
species
and
life
stage.
10. Index
C
is
calculated
as
the
average
of
all
habitat
events
in
a
month
(for
all
years)
that
are
less
than
the
median
(50%
exceedance)
level
of
habitat
for
that
month.
For
example,
if
you
had
only
one
year
of
daily
stream
flow
data
converted
to
daily
habitat
events,
there
would
be
31
values
for
January.
The
Index
C
value
for
January
would
then
be
the
average
of
the
15
lowest
habitat
values.
Note
that
these
15
lowest
habitat
events
would
not
necessarily
occur
on
the
15
days
of
lowest
flows.
Some
of
them
might
be
attributable
to
high
flow
events
if
the
species/life
stage
has
a
preference
for
lower
velocities.
11. Index
A
is
calculated
as
the
average
of
all
habitat
values
in
a
month
(for
all
years)
that
are
between
the
median
(50%
exceedance)
level
of
habitat
and
the
90%
exceedance
value
for
that
month.
The
lowest
10%
of
the
habitat
values
for
the
month
are
not
included
in
the
calculation.
12. Index
B
is
calculated
as
the
average
of
all
habitat
values
in
a
month
(for
all
years)
that
are
between
the
10%
exceedance
level
of
habitat
and
the
90%
exceedance
value
for
that
month.
The
highest
and
lowest
10%
of
the
habitat
values
for
the
month
are
not
included
in
the
calculation.
13. From:
Problem
Analysis
and
Negotiating
Solutions
Using
IFIM,
training
course
reference
material,
December,
1992:
a. Index
A
assumes
that
low
habitat
events
in
a
time
series
are
the
most
important
biologically,
but
that
extremely
low
events
(i.e.,
with
exceedance
probabilities
greater
than
90%)
occur
too
infrequently
to
be
biologically
significant.
Validity
of
this
assumption
may
depend
on
the
time
step
(e.g.,
low
habitat
events
may
be
more
important
on
a
daily
scale
than
on
an
annual
scale).
Index
is
responsive
to
changes
in
either
the
magnitude
or
duration
of
low
events,
but
not
responsive
to
changes
in
absolute
minimum
value.
b. Index
B
(trimmed
mean)
assumes
the
average
is
unduly
influenced
by
extreme
high
or
low
events
or
both,
but
otherwise
all
habitat
under
a
time
series
is
important
to
the
species.
Can
be
misleading
if
low
habitat
events
are
considered
more
important
and
under
a
flow
alternative
further
reductions
in
the
low
values
are
offset
by
increases
in
high
habitat
events.
c. Index
C
assumes
that
low
habitat
events
in
a
time
series
are
the
most
important
biologically.
By
using
an
averaging
interval
from
median
to
100%
exceedance
values,
all
low
habitat
events
are
assumed
to
be
important.
Values
above
median
are
considered
excess
habitat
that
cannot
be
used
effectively
due
to
previous
limitations
created
by
low
habitat
values.
Index
C
is
responsive
to
any
change,
whether
magnitude
or
duration
of
low
habitat
events
or
change
in
absolute
minimum.
14. Monthly
values
for
the
median
and
Indices
A,
B,
and
C
metrics
are
calculated
for
every
flow
scenario
being
considered.
Monthly
metrics
for
the
unregulated,
no-‐
Ecological
Flows
Science
Advisory
Board
Aug
16,
2011
Meeting
Summary
Page
30
of
30
project,
“natural”
scenario
are
also
calculated.
15. Different
flow
scenarios
are
often
compared
by
calculating
the
percentage
of
the
unregulated
habitat
metric
value
that
is
provided
by
each
alternative
flow
scenario.
However,
it
is
also
important
to
note
the
actual
magnitude
of
the
habitat
metric,
because
if
the
magnitudes
are
small,
relatively
small
changes
in
habitat
can
result
in
large
percentage
differences.
VII.
Agenda
for
next
meeting
The
following
were
suggested
items
for
the
next
meeting’s
agenda:
A. Continue
with
presentation
and
discussion
of
the
Eno
River
Flow
Scenarios
B. Consider
establishing
a
subcommittee
to
work
on
whether
the
stream
classes
are
representative
of
the
state
of
the
biological
community.
VIII.
Directions
to
September
20,
2011
Meeting
The
next
meeting
will
be
back
to
the
usual
time
of
12:30
p.m.
at
the
Hearing
Room
in
the
Archdale
Building
in
Raleigh,
NC.