20031625 Ver 4_Year 4 Monitoring Report_20141231

CLearWaLer
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
December 31, 2014 www.ewenv.com
Mr. William Elliot
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801 -2638
Ms. Karen Higgins
NC Division of Water Resources
512 North Salisbury Street, 9`h Floor
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
RE: Bright's Creek
Year 7 Monitoring Report – Culvert Removal
Year 4 Monitoring Report – Barn Tributary
Polk County, North Carolina
Corps Action ID 200430264; DWQ Project # 03 -1625
Dear Mr. Elliot and Ms. Higgins,
The attached 2014 Year 7 Monitoring Report for culvert removal and 2014 Year 4
Monitoring Report for the Barn Tributary are being submitted on behalf of Bright's
Creek represented by Mr. David Gillespie. Bright's Creek is currently developing a
residential subdivision near Columbus in Polk County, North Carolina and has completed
the required mitigation at the site. Monitoring reports will be submitted annually until
the completion of the 5 -year monitoring period for the Barn Tributary. A monitoring
report will be submitted for culvert removal sites 3 and 4 in 2015.
Please do not hesitate to contact me at 828 -698 -9800 if you have any questions or
comments.
Respectfully,
—�
Cam`
Kevin Mitchell
Biologist
224 South Grove Street, Suite F
Hendersonville, NC 28792
828- 698 -9800 Tel
828- 698 -9003 Fax
R. Clement Riddle, P.W.S
Principal

MY -4 Report for Bright's Creep Golf Club
(Barn Tributary)
LF Cb�•
December 2014
Prepared By:
CLearWater
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South Grove Street, Suite F
Hendersonville, North Carolina 28792
JAN 0 7 2015
DENR - WATER RESOURCES
401 & BUFFER PERMITTING

Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................»................... ...........:..................1
2.0 BACKGROUND .............................
2.1. Location .................. ............................... . ..................................... :....... .........1
2.2. Goals and Objectives .............................................................. ...........'................... 2
2.3. Restoration Approach .................. : ...... ................. : ................... . .... .... ........ ......... 2
2.3.1. Existing Conditions .................................................... ............................... 2
2.3.2. Design .................................................. : ...... .-..:...:. ................................ : ....... 2
2.4'. History and Projected Schedule . . ....................... . . ................ ' ................. 3
3.0 MONITORING' ......................................................................... .....................4........3
3.1. Vegetation Monitoring .................. : ............................ :...:.:.:.......
.................. ._..... :. 3
3.1.1. Vegetation Monitoring, Results ... ... .................... :.................................... .4
3.2. Stream Monitoring ................................................................ ............ .................... 4
3.2.1. Cross - sections .....................................................:...:... ...................:..........4
3.2.2. Cross - section results ......... .:............................................... ..............
...:...... 4
3.2.3. Longitudinal Profile ................................................... ............................... 5
3.2.4. Longitudinal Profile Results ....................................... ............................... 5
3.2.5. Photo Reference Sites ....:......................................:.:. ..............................5
3:2.6. Photo Reference Site, Results ....................................... ..........:...................5
4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................. I
..........:....... 6
List of Tables
Table 1: Project History and Projected, Schedule
Table 2: Planted Trees and Live Stakes
Table 3: Vegetation Counts
List of Figures
Figure 1: Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2: 'USGS Topographic Map
Appendices
Appendix A: Cross Sections and,Longitudinal Profile
Appendix B: Representative Photographs,
ff

1.0 INTRODUCTION
An after -the -fact (ATF) permit was issued for a 214 - linear foot culvert; including the
placement of approximately 71 cubic yards of CMP and clean fill material in an unnamed
tributary to Harm Creek. The purpose of the culvert is to provide road (Deep Gap Road
West) access to portions of the Bright's Creek residential community. � The activities
were authorized by the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) on October 7; 2008 (Action
ID 2007 - 2492 -375) and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) on July 15; 2008
(Project # 20031625, Version 4). Special Conditions 10, 11, and 12 of the Corps' 404
Permit and conditions of the DWQ 401 Certification require 428 linear feet of stream
restoration as compensatory mitigation to offset the authorized impacts. ,
2.0 BACKGROUND
As compensatory mitigation for impacts to 214 linear feet of an unnamed tributary of
Harm Creek, Bright's Creek Golf Club has restored 428 linear feet of an unnamed
tributary to Bright's Creek. The restoration of the tributary is Priority 2 'restoration and
involved the construction of ,a new channel and floodplain bench. Upland buffers were
planted on,either side of the new channel after °earthwork was complete. The downstream
end of the project reach is, the confluence of -the tributary with Bright's Creek. This
report details the monitoring results from the 2014 monitoring year four effort.
There were no stream monitoring activities during the 2012 calendar year. Due to the
economic recession the project has changed ownership twice since 2011. Monitoring
activities have resumed per the permit requirements.
A supplemental planting of 120 bare root stems and 100 live stakes occurred on March,
19, 2014 focusing on areas that had been mowed during the growing season of 2013.
23. Location
The project site is an unnamed tributary to Bright's Creek within the Bright's, Creek
residential development in,Polk County, North Carolina. The project site is located in the
Broad River Basin, the US Geological Survey (USGS) 03050105 hydrologic unit, and the
DWQ sub -basin 03- 08 -03. It is approximately 7.6 miles northwest of Columbus, North
Carolina. The latitude and longitude for the project area are 35.3329730°N and
82.2667469 °W: A site location map is included as Figure 1.
i
To access the site from Asheville, take Interstate 26 east. Turn east onto Highway 74.
Turn left onto Highway 108 to the north. Turn left onto Highway 9 to the west. Turn left
onto Silver Creek Road. After crossing Lake Adger, turn left onto Palmer Road. Palmer
Road will end at the entrance to Bright's Creek Golf Club. The project site is located on
the right of Palmer Road approximately 0.75 miles from the entrance. 'A site vicinity
map and USGS topographic°map are included as Figures 1 and 2.
Project #324 Brights Creek I Clearwater EnwInmentall Consultants, Inc
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2.2. Goals dnd `Objectives
The objectives of the project are to:
1. Provide compensatory mitigation for authorized impacts;
2. Construct,a stable channel with, associated floodplain bench;
3. Create and/or improve aquatic habitats;
4. Establish native vegetation through a forested riparian buffer; and
5. Improve the natural aesthetics of the stream corridor.
The stream restoration involved the following steps:
1. Excavate new channel and floodplain bench;
2. Slope remaining banks;
3. Construct grade control,- structures;
4. Apply temporary seed and erosion control matting to the banks; and,
5. Plant native herbaceous and woody vegetation on the banks and at the top of
both banks to establish a vegetative buffer.
2.3. Restoration Approach
Personnel from Clearwater, Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC) conducted existing
conditions surveys of `the project reach. in March and June„ 2008.
2.3. 1. Existing Conditions
The existing conditions survey indicated that the project reach was moving toward a
more unstable state. The stream prior to restoration was classified as a B4 within the
Rosgen classification system. The average water surface slope was high with very little
sinuosity. The�stream was not entrenched.
The D50 of 'the bed material in the riffles was 17mm. Based on dimension and slope, the,
threshold grain, size is 45mm and well above the D50 of the surface bed material. This
suggested that the stream was a candidate for incision as excessive bed material would be
washed away during sediment transport processes. The W/d ratio measured in the
existing stream indicated that the stream may have been actively incising. At 12.8, the
existing stream was close to the "threshold value of becoming a G -type channel.
Moderate to severe bank erosion was evident throughout the reach. There were very few
stable riffles and' ,pools, to provide aquatic habitat. The downstream end of the reach,
where the tributary merges with Bright's Creek, has a steeper slope than the rest of the
reach.
2.3.2. Design
The proposed restoration design was based on data obtained during the existing
conditions surveys and regional curve data. A new channel was constructed with an
associated floodplain bench. The primary design goal' was to increase the W/d ratio to
prevent incision of the channel through excessive sediment transpori, and to, construct a
Project #324 Brights Creek 2 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

floodplain bench for energy dissipatton'during higher flows. Slope was also decreased by
adding sinuosity'to the channel.
2.4. History and Projected Schedule
Table 1: Protect History and Prnieeted SChededP
Activity
Planned or Actual Date,
hn acts authorized by DWQ
July 2008
'Impacts authorized byCorps
October, 2008
Construction
December 2009 -Jams 2010
As -built Survey
Aril 2010
Year 1 Monitoring and Report Submittal
October/December 2010
Year 2 Monitormg•and ReportSubmittal _
November/December 2011
Year 3 Monitoring and Report Submittal l
October/December'2013
Year 4 Monitorin ,and Report Submittal
October/December 2014
Year 5'Monitorin Yand_Report Submittal
December 2015*
m�ectca
3.0 MONITORING
Environmental components monitored in this project are those that allow an evaluation of
channel stability and riparian survivability., The .success of channel modification,
seeding, and woody vegetation plantings will be evaluated for five years.
3.1. Vegetation Monitoring
Survival of planted vegetation will be evaluated using two, 5 -meter by 20 -meter
(17 feet x 65 feet) survival plots. All rooted vegetation will be flagged and
evaluated for at, least five years to determine survival. The following frees and
live stakes were planted at the.site:
Table 2. Planted Trees and Live Stakes
Planted Trees
Live Stakes
Cornus amomum
Physocarpus o uli olias
Nyssa,sylvatica
Salixmi a'
Prunus serrulata
Sambucus canadensis
Betula nigra
Viburnum plicalum tomentosum_
Ilex glabra
Platanus occidentalis
uercus rubra-
Diospyros vi " 'ivana
Success Criteria: Vegetation monitoring will be considered successful if at least
320 woody stems /acre are surviving at the end of five years.
Pr4lecti #324 Brights Creek 3 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

3. Ll, Vegetation Monitoring Results
Table 3. Vegetation Counts
Plot 1
Trees
Total
Ilex gidbra,
1
Vibtir»um plicatum to_mentosum
2
Betula nigra
23
Liriodendron tuli i era
5
Corpus amomum
1
Salix ni a
1
Pinus vir 'niana
1
Acer rubrum
4
Platanus occide_ntahs
2
N ssa sylyatica
1
uercus,rubra
1
Physocarpus o uli olias
5
Grand Total
42
Plot 2
Trees
Total
Ilex glqbra
1
Betula,nigra
28
Corpus amomum
3
Diospyros vir 'niana
3
N ssa sylvatica
1
Acer rubrum
6
Alnus serrulata
4
Platanus occidenialis
4
Saiiktnkra
1
;Viburnum licatum tomentosum
1
Fraxinus pennsyyanica
1
Physocarpus o uli olias
5
Grand Total
58
The counts above yield 1,680 stems per acre for Plot 1 and 2,320 stems per acre for Plot
2. Both plots are on -track to meet the final success criteria of 320 stems per acre at the
end the five year monitoring effort. Despite exceeding the success criteria in the
vegetation plots, mowing continues to occur in a 400 square foot area zt ,the downstream
end of the�reach (right bank descending).
3.2. Stream Monitoring
3.2.4. Cross - sections
Two permanent cross- sections were established, one on a representative riffle and one on
a representative, pool. The cross - sections were marked on both banks with permanent
pins to establish the exact° transects used: The annual cross- section surveys will ,includ'e
points,measured at breaks in slope and any identifiable features.
Success Criteria: There should be little or no change in the as -built cross -
sections. If change's in the cross - sections occur,, then they should be evaluated to
determine if they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition, (down -
cutting, erosion) or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability
(settling, vegetative, changes, deposition along, the banks, decrease in width/depth
ratio).
3.2.2. Cross- section results
Comparisons of cross sections between monitoring years are included for review in
Appendix A. Cross section one. indicates continued aggradation attributed to dense
vegetation in the stream bed and on the banks; however there has been very little change
between, monitoring years 3 and 4. Cross section two is showing the continued
development of a point bar on the inside of the bend (right bank descending). This is also
Project #324 Brights Creek 4 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

a positive indicator of stability showing the narrowing of the channel due to mature
vegetation. Both cross sections show continued bank stability.
3.2.3. Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile will be completed annually for a total of five years. Survey points
will include thalweg and water surface. Each of these points will be taken at the head of
each feature, e.g. riffle, run, pool, and glide where possible, and the, max pool depth.
Water surface will be used to calculate slope for the project reach.
Success Criteria: The longitudinal profile should show that the bedform features
are remaining stable, e.g. they are not aggrading or degrading. The pools should
remain deep with flat water surface slopes and the steps /riffles should remain
steeper and shallower.
3.2.4. Longitudinal Profile Results
A longitudinal profile `is included for review in Appendix A. The average slope for the
longitudinal, profile surveyed is 4:3 %. The longitudinal profile shows little change
throughout the entire length. Bed features appear to have remained consistent during the
monitoring years and water surface slopes remain unchanged.
3.2.5. Photo Reference Sites
Photographs used to evaluate the restored site will be made with a digital camera. There
are 6 photo reference ,sites showing each bank and the stream channel. Reference sites
will be photographed' once per year for at least 5 years following construction. The
stream will be photographed longitudinally at the upstream end of'the restoration site
looking downstream and at the downstream end of the site looking upstream.
Photographs will be taken of both banks at the cross - sections. The water's edge or
channel's edge will be 'located in the lower edge of the frame and as, much of the bank as
possible included in each photo. Additional photo points may be added.
Success Criteria: Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel
aggradation or degradation, bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation and
effectiveness of erosion control measures. Longitudinal photos should indicate
the absence of developing bars within the channel or an, excessive increase in
channel depth. Lateral photos should not indicate excessive erosion or continuing
degradation of the, bank over "time. A series of photos over time should indicate
successional maturation of riparian vegetation. Vegetative succession should
include initial herbaceous growth, followed by increasing densities of woody
vegetation and then ultimately a mature overstory with herbaceous understory.
3.2.6. Photo Reference Site Results
Reference photographs are included for review as Appendix �B. Representative
photographs indicate stable vegetated stream banks,and the absence.of mid channel bars.
The photograph of cross- section 2 indicates the continued development of the point bar
on the inside of the meander bend.
Project #324 Brights Creek 5 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc ,

4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The cross sections and longitudinal profile indicate a stable channel with little to no
change from the previous years. Cross sections one and two are showing slight
aggradation in the riffle and the formation of a point bar in the pool. Both can be
attributed to the thickening of vegetation and further stability of the bed and banks. The
stream banks appear'to be�stabl'e from the cross- section data.
Vegetation plot data for Year 4 indicates stem densities were between 1,680 and 2,320
stems per acre. Both plots are on track to meet the final success criteria of'320 stems per
acre. Mowing continues to occur in a 400 square foot area at the downstream end of the
teach (right 'bank. descending). C1earWater Environmental ,Consultants, Inc. recommend
that this activity be discontinued. With the exception of this area, the herbaceous
vegetation and stems from the supplemental planting are becoming well established.
Project #324 Brights Creek 6 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

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Hendersonville, North Carolina _8792
828- 698 -9800

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828-698-9800

APPENIDIX A
Cross Sections and Longitudinal Profile

Bright's Creek (Bam Tributary)
Cross - Section 2 - Pool
100
98
99
97
m 96
LL \
0 95 /
.'7
m 94
W
93 - - -- - -- i --
92 - -
91
90
0+00 0+05 6+10 0+15 0+20 0+25 0+30 0+35 0+40 0+45
Distance (Feet)
-- As -Built +MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 --•-• W
Project #324 Brights Creek
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Bright's Creek (Bam Tributary)
Cross - Section 1 - Riffle
102
101
100
--
-
- - -- - -�-
- —
m 98
LL
-
-
_
C 97
9
m
W
j
95
94
93
—
92
0 +00 0 +10 0 +20 0+30 0+40 0+50 0+60
Distance (Feet)
— MY1 ^— MY2 MY3 MY4 ..... BKF
Bright's Creek (Bam Tributary)
Cross - Section 2 - Pool
100
98
99
97
m 96
LL \
0 95 /
.'7
m 94
W
93 - - -- - -- i --
92 - -
91
90
0+00 0+05 6+10 0+15 0+20 0+25 0+30 0+35 0+40 0+45
Distance (Feet)
-- As -Built +MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 --•-• W
Project #324 Brights Creek
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.

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Appendix B
Representative Photographs

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Culvert Removal Year i Monitoring
Report for Compensatory Mitigation
Performed at
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December 2014
Prepared By:
CLearWater
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South Grove Street, Suite F
Hendersonville, NC 28792

Table of Contentg
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................ .............:................1
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................... ..............................1
2.1. Project Location ................................................................... ............................... 1
2.2. Project Goals and Objectives ............................................... ............................... 1
2.2.1. Design ............ .................... . ............... .................... :..... ..:.:.:.:.- .:...:.............. 2
2:2.2. Implementation ............................................................ ...... .:.......::.............. 2
2.3. Project History and Background ........... ...................... .......................... ......... 3
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING ......................... .:............................4
3.1. Vegeta$on Monitoring Protocol .......................................... ............................... 4
3.2,. Vegetation Success Criteria ................................................. ............................... 4
4.0, STREAM MONITORING ................................... ..............................5
4.1. Stream Monitoring Protocol ................................................ ............................... 5
4.1.1. Cross - Sections ............................................................... ..............................5
4.1.2. Longitudinal Profile ...................................................... ............................... 5
4.13. Reference Photos ........................................ :. ... ............................................. 5
4.2: Stream Success Criteria ....................................................... ............................... 5
4.2.1. Cross - Sections ............................................................... ..............................5
4.2.2. Longitudinal Profile ..................................................... .............:................. 6
4.2.3_. Reference Photos .... ............................... .............. ... .......:.............. 6
4.3. Stream Monitoring Results ......................:..:..:....................... ..............................6
4.3.1. Cross - Sections ................................... -.....:..................................... . ............... 6
4.3.2. Longitudinal Profiles ................................................... ............................... 6
4.3.3. Visual Inspection Crossing 4 .................................................... :................... 6
4.3.4. Reference Photos .................... :.: .............. :..... ..................... .- ........................ 6
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .:..:.:.:..:...:...........7
5.1. Vegetation Monitoring ................... : ............ . ... ..................... . ................................ 7
5.2. ,Stream Monitoring... ........................................................... . .............................. 7

List of Fables
Table 1.
Project Activity and History
Table 2.
Project Contacts
Table 3.
Tree and Shrub Species Composition
Table 4.
Vegetation Monitoring Results
Table 5.
Summary of Profile Data
List of Figures
Figure 1. Site Location Map
Figure 2. USGS Topographic Map
Figures S1 -S2. Locations of Culvert Removal Areas (from mitigation plan)
Figures C1 -C7. Details of Culvert Removal Areas (from mitigation plan)
Appendices
Appendix A. NC Division of Water Quality Letter
Appendix B. Morphological Data and Representative Photos
ff

1.0 INTROIDUCTION
Bright's Creek Golf Club is a residential golf course community located in Polk County,
North Carolina (Figure 1). Bright's Creek received a US Army Corps of Engineers
(Corps) Permit (Action ID No. 200436264) on June 13, 2005 and a NC Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) 401 Water Quality Certification (Project No. 03 -1625) on May 26, 2005
authorizing permanent impacts to 110 linear feet of unnamed tributaries to Harm's Creek
and relocation of 180 linear feet of an ,unnamed tributary, to Bright's Creek.
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
Bright's Creek removed six (6) existing culverts on site in, 2006 and 2007 and restored
stream beds and banks within these areas. This mitigation activity restored
approximately 200 linear feet of stream. Restoration of the culvert sites involved the
removal of the culvert structures and adjacent,road embankments; and excavation of new
channels that connected the .upstream and downstream reaches. This report details the
monitoring results from, 2014 monitoring year 7 for crossings 3 and 4. Crossing 3 and 4
will be monitored in 2015. Crossings 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 met the performance standards in
2011/2013 and are no longer being evaluated. Please reference the letter dated November
5, 2012 (Appendix A) sent by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) in response to
Year 5/4 Monitoring Report (DWQ'#03 -1625 v4).
There, were no monitoring activities -during the 2012 calendar year. Due to the economic
recession the project has, changed ownership twice since 2011. Monitoring, activities
haveresumed per'the permit requirements.
2.1. Project Location
The project site is in Polk County, North Carolina and is located in the Broad River Basin
(HUC 03050105) and DWQ sub -basin 03- 08 -03. The site is approximately 7.6 miles
northwest of Columbus, North Carolina. 'The, latitude and longitude for the project ,area
are 35.3392667°N and 82.2699474°W, respectively. From Asheville, take Interstate 26'
east. Turn east onto Highway 74. Turn left onto Highway 108 to the north. Turn left
onto Highway 9 to the west. Turn left onto Silver Creek Road. Ater, crossing Lake
Adger, turn left onto Palmer Road. Palmer Road will end at the entrance to Bright's
Creek Golf Club. A USGS topographic map is included for review (Figure 2).
2.2. Project Goals and Objectives
The objectives of the project were4o:
1: Remove existing culverts;
2. Re- connect aquatic habitats;
3. Establish native vegetation through a forested riparian buffer; and
4. Improve the natural aesthetics of the stream corridors.
The culvert removals and stream restorations involved the following steps!
Project #324 Bright's Creek I Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

1. Remove culverts and excavate new channels through the road embankments
with disposal of roadbed gravel (if any) outside the limits ,of the restoration
areas;
2. Construct grade control structures;
3. Apply temporary seed and erosion control matting to the-banks; and,
4. Plant native herbaceous and woody vegetation on the banks and at the top of
both banks to establish a vegetative buffer.
5. Restoration Approach
2.2.1. Design
The restoration approach' was similar for all of the culverts. The culvert and road
embankment were to be removed, a new channel section excavated, and the new `banks
seeded, matted and planted with native vegetation. The cross - sectional area for the new
channel section was matched to the cross - sectional area of a stable adjacent section.
Slope Was to be controlled by constructing step -pool structures to, establish grade control
and protect new, banks within the,culvert removal ,areas.
Step -pool structure designs were based upon data gathered in the existing conditions
survey. During the existing conditions survey, the exact length and slope of the restored
channel was determined. The number of structures required at each location was
calculated so that the fall across each structure was as close to 1 foot as possible.
Due to the small, size of `the stream channeisl and the existing topography and vegetative
conditions, the most appropriate bank stabilization and planting methods were chosen.
Erosion control matting, seeding, live staking, and containerized tree =shrub planting were
all designed for both rapid and long -term bank stabilization and vegetation survival.
2.2.2. Implementation
Bright% Creek removed five -(5) existing culverts on site in 2006 and restored stream
'beds and banks within these areas. The original mitigation plan 'included seven (7)
culvert removal and \or restoration sites. Repairs were made to Crossings 1 - 5 in June
2008. Additionally, a total of 65 trees were planted at Crossings 1 - 5 in June 2008.
Culvert 6 is not included in this mitigation report because Crossing 6 site involved the
removal of twin 12" CMP and replacement with a bottomless culvert to maintain 'lower
impact quantities on the project. This crossing was included in the, mitigation plan under
planned bank stabilization following installation of the bottomless culverts. At present;
the bottomless culvert has been installed.
Mitigation work on Crossing 7 was performed in December 2007. The stream was
reconstructed with step -pools and the banks stabilized with coir matting. Trees /shrub
plantings and live stakes were installed in,March 2008. It should benoted that the,work
performed at Crossing 7 'i's in the vicinity of but is not the exact same location_ as
indicated in the original mitigation plan. The stream location originally proposed, has
been utilized as a utility line right -of -way and cannot be manipulated with heavy
equipment. The current location involved the removal of a 30 -foot 12 -inch CMP. A total
Project N324 Bright's Creek 2 ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc

of 42 linear feet of stream was restored (30 linear feet were proposed in the original
mitigation plan).
The locations of restored crossings are attached in Figures S1 -S2 and C1 -C7. Erosion
control matting was placed to the top of bank. Outside of the erosion control matting,
riparian trees and shrubs were planted on 10 to 12 -foot centers in agreement with the NC
Ecosystem Enhancement Program's "Guidelines for' Riparian Buffer Restoration" in
order to obtain a 320 tree /acre density at maturity. Existing vegetation limited somewhat
the number of woody plantings necessary as the riparian corridor had not been eliminated
along the whole; restoration length.
2.3. ProjectKistory and Background
Table 1: Proiect Activity and laistory
Activity
Planned or Actual Date
USACE,404/DWQ 401 approval
May/June 2005
Construction ofCrossings 1 -5
Jul ,2006
As -built Survey of Crossings 1 -5
August2006
Year 1 Monitoring =1 of Crossings 1 -5
Au 12007
Construction on Crossing 7
December 2007
As -built Survey on Crossing 7
December,20.07
MY -1 /As -built Report Submittal
MY -1 on Crossings 1 -5
,As -built on Crossing 7
December 2007
'Planting on Crossing 7
Mar&2008,
Repairs/Plantings on Crossings 1 -5
June 2008
Year 2/1 Monitoring (MY -2 /1) and Report Submittal
MY -2 on Crossings 1 -5
MY -1 on Crossing 7
September /October 2008
Year 3%2 (MY- 3 /2yMonitoriag and Report Submittal
MY -3 on,Crossing 1 -5
MY -2 on Crossing 7'
October/December 2009
Year 4/3 4/3 Monitoring and Report Submittal
S tember'/December 2010
Year 5/4 (MY -5/4) Monitoring-and Report Submittal
Novembe-r/December 2011
Year 6/5 (MY -6/5 ) Monitoring and Report Submittal
October/December 2013
Year 7 (MY -7) Monitonng and Report-Submittal
October/December 2014
Table 2: Proieet,Contacts
Project #324 Bright's Creek 3 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South;Grove Street, Suite F
Designer
Hendersonville, NC 28792
(828) 698 -9800
Attn. Clement Riddle
Southern Excavation
Construction and Planting,Contractor
165, Chestnut Cove Rd
Brevard, NC 28712
Crossings 1 -5
(828)884 -6485
Attn: John Rogers
Construction and Planting Contractor
Streamline Restoration, Inc.
250 Thompson Rd
Crossing 7
Saluda, NC28773
828)674 -7816,
Project #324 Bright's Creek 3 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc.

3.0 VEGETATION ,MONITORING
The success of woody vegetation plantings will be evaluated for 5 years. Table 3
contains a list of species planted at the mitigation sites.
Table 3: Tree and Shrub S' ecies Composition
Scientific Name
Attn: Grant Fulbright
Planted Stems
in 2007
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc
uercus alcata
224 South Grove Street, Suite,F
Monitoring
Hendersonville, NC'287,92
flex glabra i
(828) 698 -9800
2
Aun: Clement Riddle
3.0 VEGETATION ,MONITORING
The success of woody vegetation plantings will be evaluated for 5 years. Table 3
contains a list of species planted at the mitigation sites.
Table 3: Tree and Shrub S' ecies Composition
Scientific Name
Common Name
Planted Stems
in 2007
Planted Stems
in 2008
uercus alcata
Southern red oak
7
_
flex glabra i
Inkberry
2
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore
8
20
Cornus amomum
Silky dogwood
16
18
Betula ni ra
River birch
11
Euon miwamericanus
Strawberrybush
2
Vaccinum corymbosum
Hi hbush blueb
1
Acer rubrum
Red maple
9
Diospyros vir iniana
Persimmon
4
Liriodendron tuli i era
Tulip tree
5
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood
2
6
Fraxinus enn lvanica
Green ash,
l
Hamaniefisvirginiana
American witch hazel
6
Viburnum,nudum
Possumhaw
6
Amelanchier arborea
Common serviceberry
6
ercus,alba
White'oak
21
3.1. Vegetation Monitoring Protocol
Survival of planted vegetation will be evaluated using survival counts. All rooted
vegetation will be, flagged and evaluated for at least 5 years to determine survival. The
complete planted buffer at each crossing was assessed due,to the small areas planted. In
2011, crossings 1 -6 met the performance standards for vegetation survival and
monitoring was discontinued. In 2013, Crossing 7 met the performance standard for
vegetation survival. Vegetation monitoring in the form of visual inspections will be
continued at crossings 3 and 4 through 2015 as recommended in the DWQ comment
letter.
3.2. Vegetation Success Criteria
A visual inspection of crossing four revealed a thick herbaceous layer and healthy stem
density dominated by American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis). Herbaceous
vegetation consists of primarily Chinese lespedeza ( Lespedeza cuneata): Much of
Bright's Creek Golf Club was stabilized with Lespedeza cuneata during earth - moving
activities. The combination of an extensive seed bank and recently disturbed soils has
Project #324 Bright's Creek 4 ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.

soils has allowed the Lespedeza cuneata to become dominant in the vicinity of the stream
crossings. Removal of Lespedeza cuneata without damaging planted vegetation would
be difficult and ismot planned at this ,time.
4.0 STREAM MONITORING
Environmental components monitored in this project are those,that allow an evaluation of
channel and bank stability. Specifically, the success of channel modification and bank
stabilization will be evaluated for 5 years. Morphological monitoring in the form of
cross-sections and a longitudinal profile will be conducted `at crossing 3. A visual
inspection is required for crossing 4.
4.1. Stream Monitoring Protocol
4.1.1. Cross - Sections
Permanent cross- sections were established at every crossing. The cross- sections were
marked on both banks with permanent pins to establish the exact transects used. The
annual cross - section surveys include points measured at breaks in slope and any
identifiable ,features.
4.1.2. Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile will be completed annually at each crossing for a total of five
years: Survey points include thalweg and water surface. Each of these points will be
taken at the head of each feature, e.g. riffle, run, pool, and glide where possible, and the
max pool depth. Average water surface will be used to calculate slope for the project
reach.
4.1.3. Reference Photos
Photographs used to evaluate restored sites will be made with a digital camera.
Reference sites will be photographed once per year for at least five years following
construction. The stream was, photographed longitudinally at the upstream end of the
restoration site looking downstream and at the downstream end of the site looking
upstream. Photographs will be taken of both banks at the cross - sections. The water's
edge or channel's edge will be located in the lower edge of the frame and as much of the
bank as possible included' in each photo. Photographs are included in Appendix B.
4.2. Stream Success Criteria
4:2.1. Cross - Sections
There should be little or no change from the as -built cross = sections. If changes in the
cross- sections occur, then they should be evaluated to determine if they represent a
movement toward a more unstable condition (down - cutting, erosion) or are minor
changes that represent ail increase in stability (settling, vegetative 'changes, deposition
along the banks, decrease in width/depth ratio).
Protect #324 Bnght's Creek 5 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc.

4.2.2. Longitudinal Profile
The longitudinal profile should show that the bedform features, are remaining stable, e.g.
they are not aggrading or degrading. The pools should remain deep with flat water
surface slopes and the steps /riffles should remain steeper and shallower. The overall
slope of the reach, based on average water surfacerslope, should remain stable
4:2.3. Reference Photos
Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or degradation,
bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation and effectiveness of erosion control
measures. Longitudinal photos should indicate the absence of developing bars within the
channel or an excessive. increase in channel depth. Lateral photos should not indicate
excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the bank over tune: A series of photos
over time should indicate successional maturation of riparian vegetation. Vegetative
succession should include initial herbaceous growth, followed by :increasing densities of
woody vegetation and then ultimately a mature,overstory with herbaceous understory.
4.3. Stream Monitoring Results
4.3.1. Cross - Sections
MY 7 cross - sections are provided in Appendix B.
Crossing 3
The recommended stream fixes from 2011 were conducted during the fall of
2014. The migrating head cut was repaired and the left bank descending was
matted and seeded: Photographs are included in Appendix B.
4.3.2. Longitudinal Profiles
Table 5 presents a summary of profile data gathered at crossing 3.
Table 4: Summary of Profile Data
Culvert No.
Slope(As- Built)
Slope
_MYl
Slope
MY2
Slope
MY3
Slope
MY4
Slope
MY5
°Slope
MY6
Slope
MY7
3
1 0.035
1 0 .'045
1 0.038
0.059
0.066
0.053
JENIMMM
0.056
`Data was not,collected for MY6 due to repairs not being,complete.
The profile at crossing 3 has changed due to the stream fixes performed in 2014.
Crossing 3 will continue to be monitored through 2015 to ensure stability. The slope at
crossing 3 has remained relatively unchanged since monitoring year three.
4.3.3. Visual Inspection Crossing 4
The herbaceous cover has stablilized the erosional rills on crossing_ 4. Photos are
attached in,Appendix B.
4.3.4. Reference Photos
Photos from each of the crossings are contained in Appendix B.
Project tl324 Bright's.Creek 6 ClearWater Environmental Consultants „Inc

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Bright's Creek removed six (6) existing culverts on site in 2006 and 2007 and restored
stream beds and banks within these areas. This mitigation activity restored
approximately 200 linear feet of stream. Restoration of the culvert sites involved the
removal of the culvert structures and adjacent road embankments and excavation of new
channels that connected the upstream and downstream reaches.
5:1. vegetation,Monitoring
Visual inspections at crossings 3 and 4 show healthy stems, some of which were 20 feet
in height. The herbaceous cover has stablilized the ,erosional rills on crossing, 4. CEC
recommends that monitoring at crossing 4 be, discontinued.
5.2. Stream Monitoring
Work on crossing 3 was completed during the fall of 2014. The beadcut was repaired
and the left bank descending was matted and seeded. CEC recommends another year of
monitoring to ensure the bed and banks remain stable.
Sediment and erosion control measures were recommended during the 2013 monitoring
efforts to reduce sediment input from the existing gravel roads. Silt fence was installed
during 2014; however, it was not properly trenched in. CEC staff recommends that the
silt fence be °properly installed. This would' require that'the upstream side of the silt fence
be buried at least six inches.
Crossing 4 meets the vegetation and stream success criteria. The erosional rill caused by
the ,upslope� stormwater basin has stabilized due to vegetation. CEC' staff recommends
visual inspection be discontinued.
Project #324 Bnght's`Creek 7 Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc

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endersonville, North Carolina 28792 Figure 2
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Appendix A
NV- Division of Water" Qu4tity LAW

A��
MC® NR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dinisiorrof Water Quakily
Beverly Eaves'Perdue Charles Wakild, P. E. Dee Freeman
Govemor Director Secretary
November,5„ 2012
Mr. Clement Riddle
Clearwater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
224 South Grove Street, Suite F 2
Hendersonville, NC 28792
Re: Brights Creek Golf Club
Year 5/4 Monitoring Report Comments
Polk County
DWQ #03 -1625 v4
The Division of Water,Quality (DWQ) has reviewed the monitoring report, dated December
2011, for the above - referenced site/project. Based on this,review, our comments are as follows:
© The proposed stream restoration associated with the removal'of culverts ,at Crossings 1, 2,
and 6 has been completed and the restored reach has met'the performance standards
related to stream channel stability and vegetation survival. Bright's Creek has met the
conditions for mitigation success under the 401 Water Quality Certification, and no
further action is required.
o The proposed' stream restoration associated with the removal of the culvert at Crossing 7
has been completed and the restored reach has met the performance'standards for the past
four' years. The last monitoring event is to occur this winter. Upon receipt and review of
year 5 monitoring data demonstrating success for this stream,reach, no further action will
be- required.
e As per the Year 5/4 monitoring report, Crossing 3 has a large headcut that is migrating
upstream and causing instability in,the channel. In,addition, unstable Toad shoulders are
contributing stormwater runoff, and sedimentation to the restored reach.
DWQ recommends repair of the headcut and roadside areas to prevent further
deterioration of the channel. Following repair, this stream reach shall be monitored for
two (2) additional years, or as needed, to ensure a stable channel, and attainment of
,performance standards. Monitoring shall'be in- accordance with the stream monitoring
protocols outlined in the mitigation plan andvonducled for the last five. years. Vegetation
1617 Map smb,cenier, Raleigh, Nadh csmrina 27694 -1617
Lacargn,, 512 N. seltshury$S Relao., Wdh aiollna _21-604
P1i= 4194D7430D 1 FAX [phone]
Interrmtwwwj uatemudfy=-
An Equal oppaU* 1 ASona A*0 EmpbW
On No ehCarolina

Mr.'Clement Riddle
11/5/12
Page 2 of 2
monitoring can be discontinued, but a visual inspection of vegetation condition should be
included during monitoring activities and briefly reported in future monitoring reports.
As per the Year 5/4 monitoring report, Crossing 4 has met performance standards during
the five -year monitoring period, but erosional rills from an upslope stormwater basin
have returned. As per the Year 5/4 monitoring report; repairs should be conducted, to
include _fillingwd seeding ofthe rilled areas. Stability and vegetation monitoring can be
discoMinued; but a visual inspection of this area shall be performed for two (2) years, or
as needed, to ensure that the erosion does not occur'again and threaten the restored reach.
Thank you for the,opportunity to continent on this project. Please feel free�to contact Eric Kulz
at (919) 807 -6476 if you have any questions,regarding this project or our comments.
Sincerely,
Karen Higgins, Supervisor
Wetlands, Buffers, Stonnwater - Compliance & Permitting Unit
cc: Steve'Kichefski — USACE Asheville, Regulatory Field Office
File Copy (Eric Kulz)
Kevin Barnett+- WOW

Appendix B
Morphological Data and
Representative Photographs

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Crossing 3. Longitudinal Profile. Upstream.
Project #324 Bright's Creek ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.

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