20180180 Ver 1_Hollowell_MY3_USACE_FINAL_11032022_20221103

ID#* 20180180
Select Reviewer:
Erin Davis
Initial Review Completed Date 11/03/2022
Mitigation Project Submittal - 11/3/2022
Version* 1
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?*
Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Emily Dunnigan
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ID#:* 20180180
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Project Type: DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Hollowell Mitigation Bank
County: Wayne
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[e-mail]
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Mitigation Monitoring Report
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Print Name: * Cara Conder
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WATER & LAND
SOLUTIONS
November 3, 2022
US Army Corps of Engineers: Wilmington District
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
Attn: Todd Tugwell
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27587
RE: Hollowell Mitigation Bank, WLS Neuse 01 Umbrella Bank — Fifth Credit Release Request (Monitoring
Year 3)
Dear Mr. Tugwell:
Water & Land Solutions (WLS) respectfully requests the fifth credit release on the Hollowell Mitigation
Project for 10% of the total stream and 15% of total wetland (non -preservation) credits. This credit release
amount would be 721.20 stream credits and 0.686 riparian wetland credits. Also included with this letter
is the anticipated bank credit release schedule per the USACE-Wilmington template and the WLS stream
and wetland credit ledgers as of 11/1/22.
The following items have been completed regarding completion ofTask5: MonitoringYear3 (MY3) Report
and the monitoring financial assurance (casualty insurance policy) is active. If you need any additional
information, please contact me directly.
Sincerely,
C4'-r'_ /� e��
Cara Conder
Sr. Project Manager
7721 Six Forks Rd., Suite 130
Raleigh, NC 27615
Mobile Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
waterlandsolutions.com 1 7721 Six Forks Rd, Ste 130, Raleigh, NC 27615 1 919-614-5111

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Monitoring Report — MY3
Hollowell Mitigation Project
WLS Neuse 01 Umbrella Mitigation Bank
Monitoring Year 3
Calendar Year of Data Collection: 2022
Private Commercial Mitigation Bank for
Stream and Riparian Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Credits
Neuse River Basin (CU 03020201)
USACE Action ID Number: SAW-2017-00159
Wayne County, NC
Data Collection Period: June and October 2022
Submission Date: November 2022
Prepared for:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
69 Darlington Avenue
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403-1343
Prepared by:
WATER & LAND SOLUTIONS
7721 SIX FORKS ROAD, SUITE 130, RALEIGH, NC 27615
(919f 614 - 5111 1 waterlandsolutions.com

:S
1 Project Summary...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Location and Description.................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives........................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Project Success Criteria................................................................................................................. 2
1.3.1 Single -Thread Streams.......................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Headwater Streams.............................................................................................................. 3
1.3.3 Wetlands...............................................................................................................................4
1.3.4 Vegetation.............................................................................................................................4
1.3.5 Visual Assessment.................................................................................................................4
2 Project Mitigation Components............................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Project Components..................................................................................................................... 5
3 Monitoring Year 3 Assessment and Results.......................................................................................... 5
3.1 Morphological Assessment........................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 Stream Horizontal Pattern & Longitudinal Profile................................................................6
3.1.2 Stream Horizontal Dimension...............................................................................................6
3.2 Stream Hydrology......................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 Stream Flow.......................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.2 Bankfull Events......................................................................................................................7
3.2.3 Headwater Stream Channel Formation................................................................................ 7
3.2.4 Wetland Hydrology...............................................................................................................7
3.3 Vegetation.....................................................................................................................................7
3.4 Macrobenthic Sampling ................................................................................................................8
4 Methods................................................................................................................................................9

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Background Tables
Table 1
Project Mitigation Components
Table 2
Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3
Project Contacts
Table 4
Project Information and Attributes
Appendix B Visual Assessment Data
Figure 1a & 1b Current Condition Plan View (CCPV)
Photos Stream Station Photographs
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Crossing Photographs
Additional Photos
Appendix C Vegetation Plot Data
Table 5a Planted and Total Stem Counts
Table 5b Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary
Table 5c Red -line Planting List
Appendix D Stream Measurement and Geomorphology Data
MY3 Cross -Sections
Table 6a
Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 6b
Cross-section Morphology Data
Table 6c
Stream Reach Morphology Data
Table 6d
Evidence of Headwater Channel Formation
Appendix E Hydrologic Data
Table 7 Verification of Bankfull Events
Figure 2 Surface Flow Data
Figure 3 Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Installation Diagram
Figure 4 Rainfall Data
Figure 5 Wetland Gauge Data
Appendix F Macrobenthic Data
Table 8 Biotic Index Data and Scores
Macrobenthic Sampling Field Data Sheets
Photos Biotic Sampling Photographs
Appendix G Correspondence
MY2 Credit Release Comment Response

1 Project Summary
1.1 Project Location and Description
Water and Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) completed the construction and planting of the Hollowell Mitigation
Project (Project) in April 2020. The Project is located approximately seven miles southwest of Goldsboro
in Wayne County, NC (35.35814,-78.11642), in the Neuse River Basin 8-digit HUC 03020201 and NC
Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) sub -basin 03-04-02 (Warm Water Thermal Regime). The
Project is a site within the WLS Neuse 01 Umbrella Mitigation Bank. This sub -basin spans portions of
Johnston and Wayne Counties and includes the municipalities of Goldsboro, Selma, Pine Level, Mount
Olive and Princeton.
The Project involved the restoration, enhancement, preservation, and permanent protection of eight
stream reaches totaling approximately 8,979 linear feet, and the preservation, re-establishment, and
enhancement of riparian wetlands totaling 10.52 acres. The Project also results in nutrient offset credits,
riparian buffer restoration, and buffer preservation through the Division of Water Resources. The Project
will provide significant ecological improvements and functional uplift through stream and aquatic habitat
restoration, and through decreasing nutrient and sediment loads within the watershed. Figures 1a and 1b
illustrate the project mitigation components.
Monitoring Year 3 (MY3) activities occurred during June and October 2022. This report presents the data
for MY3. The Project meets the MY3 success criteria for stream hydrology, stream horizontal and vertical
stability, streambed condition and stability, stream flow, and vegetation. One of the seven wetland gauges
is not meeting the 12 to 16 percent hydroperiod criteria. Based on these results, the Project is on
trajectoryto meet interim and final success criteria. For more information on the chronology of the project
history and activity, refer to Appendix A, Table 2. Relevant project contact information is presented in
Table 3 and project background information is presented in Table 4.
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives
The Project will meet the goals and objectives described in the Hollowell Final Approved Mitigation Plan
and will address general restoration goals and opportunities outlined in the NC DMS Neuse River Basin
RBRP (DEQ 2010). More specifically, watershed goals and management strategies will be met by:
• Reducing sediment, soil erosion, turbidity, and nutrient inputs such as nitrogen and phosphorus
to the Neuse River Watershed.
• Restoring, enhancing, preserving, and protecting headwater streams, wetlands, riparian buffers
and aquatic habitat functions.
• Improving riparian corridor management and targeting restoration of impacted streams and
riparian buffer areas.
• Promoting agronomic farm management techniques and implementing agricultural BMPs and
water quality features, such as nutrient management and wetlands restoration.
To accomplish these project -specific goals, the following objectives will be measured to document overall
project success:

• Provide a floodplain connection to the incised Project stream reaches by lowering bank height
ratios (BHRs) to less than 1.2, thereby promoting a more natural headwater flow regime and
overbank flood flows,
• Improve bedform diversity by increasing scour pool spacing and depth variability,
• Increase native species riparian buffer and wetland vegetation density/composition along
streambank and floodplain areas that meet requirements of a minimum 50-foot-wide and 210
stems/acre after the monitoring period,
• Improve aquatic habitat and fish species diversity and migration through the addition of in -stream
cover and native woody debris,
Site protection is provided by a 72-acre conservation easement with a minimum width of 50 feet from the
top of the restored stream banks. The easement protects all project streams, wetlands and aquatic
resources in perpetuity.
1.3 Project Success Criteria
The success criteria for the Project follows the approved performance standards and monitoring protocols
from the final approved mitigation plan; which was developed in compliance with the USACE October
2016 Guidance, USACE Stream Mitigation Guidelines (April 2003 and October 2005), and 2008
Compensatory Mitigation Final Rule. Cross-section and vegetation plot data will be collected in Years 0, 1,
2, 3, 5, and 7. Stream hydrology data and visual monitoring will be reported annually. Specific success
criteria components and evaluation methods are described below.
1.3.1 Single -Thread Streams
Stream Hydrology: Four separate bankfull or over bank events must be documented within the seven-
year monitoring period and the stream hydrology monitoring will continue until four bankfull events have
been documented in separate years. Stream hydrology monitoring will be accomplished with pressure
transducers installed in pools and correlating sensor depth to top of bank elevation. Recorded water depth
above the top of bank elevation will document a bankfull event. In addition to the pressure transducers,
traditional cork gauges will be installed at bankfull elevation and will be used to document bankfull events
with photographs.
Stream Profiles, Vertical Stability, and Floodplain Access: Stream profiles, as a measure of vertical
stability and floodplain access will be evaluated by looking at Bank Height Ratios (BHR). In addition,
observed bedforms should be consistent with those observed for channels of the design stream type(s).
The BHR shall not exceed 1.2 along the restored Project stream reaches. This standard only applies to
restored reaches of the channel where BHRs were corrected through design and construction. Vertical
stability will be evaluated with visual assessment, cross sections and, if directed by the IRT, longitudinal
profile.
Stream Horizontal Stability: Cross -sections will be used to evaluate horizontal stream stability on restored
streams. There should be little change expected from as -built restoration cross -sections. If measurable
changes do occur, they should be evaluated to determine if the changes represent a movement toward a
more unstable condition (e.g., downcutting, erosion) or a movement towards increased stability (e.g.,
settling, vegetation establishment, deposition along the streambanks, decrease in width/depth ratio).
Cross -sections shall be classified using the Rosgen Stream Classification method and all monitored cross -
sections should fall within the quantitative parameters defined for channels of the design stream type.

Reference photo transects will be taken at each permanent cross-section. Lateral photos should not
indicate excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the streambanks. Photographs will be taken of
both streambanks at each cross-section. A survey tape stretched between the permanent cross-section
monuments/pins will be centered in each of the streambank photographs. The water elevation will be
shown in the lower edge of the frame, and as much of the streambank as possible will be included in each
photo. Photographers will attempt to consistently maintain the same area in each photo over time.
Streambed Material Condition and Stability: After construction, there should be minimal change in the
particle size distribution of the streambed materials, over time, given the current watershed conditions
and future upstream sediment supply regime. Because the streambed material and sediment
supply is predominantly sand with minimal gravel, significant changes in particle size distribution and
channel substrate are not expected.
Jurisdictional Stream Flow: Monitoring of stream flow will be conducted to demonstrate that the restored
stream systems classified as intermittent exhibit surface flow for a minimum of 30 consecutive days
throughout some portion of the year during a year with normal or below normal rainfall conditions.
Stream flow monitoring will be accomplished with pressure transducers installed in pools and correlating
sensor depth to the downstream top of riffle elevation. If the pool water depth is at or above the top of
riffle elevation, then the channel will be assumed to have surface flow (Figure 3). The devices will record
water elevation twice per day and will be inspected quarterly to document surface hydrology and provide
a basis for evaluating flow response to rainfall events.
1.3.2 Headwater Streams
Seasonal Flow: Surface flow must be documented using automatic pressure transducers (flow
gauges). Continuous surface water flow within the valley or crenulation must be documented to occur
every year for at least 30 consecutive days during the prescribed monitoring period. This will be
accomplished in the same approach as Jurisdictional Stream Flow above.
Channel Formation: During monitoring years 1 through 4, the preponderance of evidence must
demonstrate a concentration of flow indicative of channel formation within the topographic low -point of
the valley or crenulation as documented by the following indicators:
• Scour (indicating sediment transport by flowing water)
• Sediment deposition (accumulations of sediment and/or formation of ripples)
• Sediment sorting (sediment sorting indicated by grain -size distribution with the primary path of
flow)
• Multiple observed flow events (must be documented by gauge data and/or photographs)
• Destruction of terrestrial vegetation
• Presence of litter and debris
• Wracking (deposits of drift material indicating surface water flow)
• Vegetation matted down, bent, or absent (herbaceous or otherwise)
• Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
During monitoring years 5 through 7, the stream must successfully meet the requirements above and the
preponderance of evidence must demonstrate the development of stream bed and banks as documented
by the following indicators:

• Bed and banks (may include the formation of stream bed and banks, development of channel
pattern such as meander bends and/or braiding at natural topographic breaks, woody debris, or
plant root systems)
• Natural line impressed on the bank (visible high-water mark)
• Shelving (shelving of sediment depositions indicating transport)
• Water staining (staining of rooted vegetation)
• Change in plant community (transition to species adapted for flow or inundation for a long
duration, including hydrophytes)
• Changes in character of soil (texture and/or chroma changes when compared to the soils abutting
the primary path of flow)
1.3.3 Wetlands
Wetland Hydrology: The performance standard for wetland hydrology will be a minimum 12 to 16 percent
based on the suggested wetland saturation thresholds for soils taxonomic subgroups provided by the IRT
and on -site wetland reference data. The proposed success criteria for wetland hydrology will be when the
soils are saturated within 12 inches of the soil surface for 12 to 16 percent (27 to 36 days) of the growing
season (March 21 through November 6) based on WETS data table for Wayne County, NC. The saturated
conditions should occur during a period when antecedent precipitation has been normal or drier than
normal for a minimum frequency of 5 years in 10 (USACE, 2005 and 2010b). Precipitation data will be
obtained from the Cherry Research Station near Goldsboro (GOLD), which is approximately 4 miles east
from the Project site and a rain gauge was installed on site.
1.3.4 Vegetation
Vegetation monitoring will occur in the fall each required monitoring year, typically prior to leaf drop.
Plots will be monitored in years 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Vegetative success for the Project during the intermediate
monitoring years will be based on the survival of at least 320, three -year -old stems per acre at the end of
Year 3 of the monitoring period; and at least 260, five -year -old, stems per acre that must average six feet
in height at the end of Year 5 of the monitoring period. The final vegetative restoration success criteria
will be achieving a density of no less than 210, seven -year -old stems per acre that must average eight feet
in height in Year 7 of monitoring.
1.3.5 Visual Assessment
WLS will conduct visual assessments in support of mitigation performance monitoring. Visual assessments
of all stream reaches will be conducted twice per monitoring year with at least five months in between
each site visit for each of the seven years of monitoring. Photographs will be used to visually document
system performance and any areas of concern related to streambank and bed stability, condition of in -
stream structures, channel migration, active headcuts, live stake mortality, invasive plant species or
animal browsing, easement boundary encroachments, cattle exclusion fence damage, and general
streambed conditions. Permanent photo points are at the cross -sections, culvert crossings, and
Enhancement 11 reaches.

2 Project Mitigation Components
2.1 Project Components
The Project mitigation components include a combination of Stream Restoration, Enhancement, and
Preservation activities, as well as Riparian Wetland Restoration (Re-establishment), Enhancement, and
Preservation activities, as summarized in the table below.
Table 1. Mitigation Plan Stream Mitigation Credits (SMCs)
Stream Restoration (HW/PI)
2,151
2,131
1:1
2,131
Stream Restoration (PI)
1,777
2,007
1:1
2,007
Stream Preservation
228
228
10:1
23
Stream Restoration (HW/PI)
615
615
1:1
615
Stream Restoration (PI/PII)
1,151
1,151
1:1
1,151
Stream Enhancement Level II
1,923
1,923
3:1
641
Stream Restoration (HW/PI)
667
667
1:1
667
Stream Preservation
257
257
10:1
26
Note 1: No mitigation credits were calculated outside the conservation easement boundaries.
Note 2: Headwater (HW) stream credits calculated using valley length.
Table 1b. Mitigation Plan Wetland Mitigation Credits (WMCs)
Wetland Preservation
2.30
10:1
0.23
Wetland Preservation
2.49
10:1
0.25
Wetland Re-establishment
1.59
1:1
1.59
Wetland Enhancement
0.84
3:1
0.28
Wetland Re-establishment
0.77
1:1
0.77
Wetland Enhancement
0.90
3:1
0.30
Wetland Re-establishment
1.63
1:1
1.63
3 Monitoring Year 3 Assessment and Results
The dates of Year 3 monitoring activities are detailed in Appendix A, Table 2. All Year 3 monitoring data is
presented in this report and in the appendices. The Project is on track for meeting stream, wetland, and
vegetation success criteria. All monitoring device locations are depicted on the CCPV (Figures 1a and 1b).

3.1 Morphological Assessment
3.1.1 Stream Horizontal Pattern & Longitudinal Profile
Visual assessment was utilized for assessment of MY3 horizontal and vertical stream stability. The visual
assessments for each stream reach document MY3 stream channel pattern and longitudinal profiles, and
in -stream structure location/function, which align with the profile design parameters and MYO/baseline
conditions (Appendix D). The MY3 planform geometry and dimensions fall within acceptable ranges of the
design parameters for all restored reaches. Minor channel adjustments in riffle slopes, pool depths and
pattern were observed based on appropriate sediment transport and stream bank vegetation
establishment.
WLS staff noted beaver activity on the lower 100 feet of UT1-R2 during MY3. Beaver impacts to the site
were negligible and did not negatively affect stream pattern, profile, or vegetation of the reach. WLS will
continue to monitor this area closely and any remedial action taken during MY4 will be noted in future
reports.
3.1.2 Stream Horizontal Dimension
The MY3 channel dimensions generally match the design parameters and are within acceptable and stable
ranges of tolerance. Five of the 11 cross -sections are located in headwater restoration reaches and the
remaining six cross -sections are located in Priority 1/11 single -thread restoration channels. All six of the PI/II
cross -sections show little to no change in the bankfull area and bank height ratios are less than 1.2. It is
expected that over time that some pools may accumulate fine sediment and organic matter; however,
this is not an indicator of channel instability. Maximum riffle depths are also expected to fluctuate slightly
throughout the monitoring period as the channels adjust to the new flow regime and catchment
conditions. The headwater cross -sections demonstrate channel formation and maintenance, and no
significant change to valley geometry. Headwater cross -sections are expected to fluctuate throughout the
initial monitoring years 1-4 as the headwater streams exhibit channel formation.
3.2 Stream Hydrology
3.2.1 Stream Flow
The flow gauges on UT1-R2 and UT2-R2 document that the stream exhibited surface flow for a minimum
of 30 consecutive days throughout the monitoring year (Appendix E, Figure 2). Additionally, to determine
if rainfall amounts are normal for the given year, precipitation data was obtained from the onsite rain
gauge, installed near UT2-R2 and compared with data from the North Carolina Climate Office from a
weather station located at Cherry Research Station, approximately four miles east of the site. Rainfall has
been lower than the 30' percentile for six of the nine months of data collected in MY3. The site has
experienced abnormally dry conditions throughout the year.
Flow Gauge Data
FIOW -IOW Longest F'erioa of I otal uays of I otal Longest F'erioa of
Gauge) Gauge Consecutive Flow Cumulative Days of Consecutive No Flow
Name Location Flow No Flow
88

3.2.2 Bankfull Events
During MY3, bankfull events were recorded on both pressure transducers (and the associated crest
gauges). UT1-R2 gauge recorded ten events with a maximum event of 0.26 feet above bankfull elevation
occurring on January 3d, 2022. UT2-R2 gauge recorded 15 events with a maximum event of 0.70 feet
above bankfull occurring between January 16th, 2022. The associated data is in Appendix E.
3.2.3 Headwater Stream Channel Formation
During MY3, streams UT1-RI, UT2-RI and UT2A all exhibited evidence indicative of channel formation
within the topographic low -point of the valley. See tables in Appendix D for channel formation
documentation.
3.2.4 Wetland Hydrology
Data for the eight groundwater wells installed is available in Appendix E. Seven out of the eight wells are
in creditable wetland areas. The remaining well (Groundwater Well 1) is adjacent to UT1-R2 to document
fluctuations in the hyporheic zone and is not documenting a wetland area. Six of the seven wetland
groundwater wells met the wetland saturation thresholds of 12 to 16 percent during the growing season.
Groundwater well 4 (WG-4) had a hydroperiod of 10.39% for MY3 but maintains a mean percentage of
19.48% over the three-year monitoring period. Groundwater well locations are shown on Figures 1a and
1b.
3.3 Vegetation
Monitoring of the 24 permanent vegetation plots was completed during the second week of October
2022. Vegetation data can be found in Appendix C with the associated photos located in Appendix B. The
MY3 average density is 538 stems per acre, which exceeds the interim measure of vegetative success of
at least 320 stems per acre at the end of the third monitoring year. All 24 vegetation plots met the interim
measure of success for stems per acre. Plots ranged from 324 to 849 stems per acre, including appropriate
volunteers. Volunteer river birch (Betula nigra), sweet pepperbush (clethra alnifolia), sycamore (Platanus
occidentalis), and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) were noted in MY3, and more volunteer species
are expected to establish in upcoming years.
Two vegetation problem areas (VPA) were identified during MY2 visual assessments. VPA-1 is
approximately 0.52 acres in size. This area encompasses vegetation plot 4. This area experienced rutting
and damage from feral hogs which moved through the site during MY2. The landowner has been made
aware of the feral hogs. On December 7th, 2021, this area was planted with 100 tulip poplars, 50 river
birches, and 20 swamp chestnut oaks. Herbaceous vegetation has reestablished. No additional areas of
damage were found during visual assessment of VPA-I. VPA-2 is approximately 0.39 acres in size and is
located in W2a. This area is extremely wet and has thick wetland herbaceous vegetation that has
negatively impacted tree survival in the area. VPA-2 was supplementally planted on December 7th, 2021,
with 100 cypress (Taxodium distichum) and 100 swamp tupelos (Nyssa biflora). During visual assessment
planted stems are establishing well and VAP-2 will be removed as a VPA in MY4, if survivability remains
high. See table below for supplemental plant list.

Vegetation Problem Area Supplemental Planting List
Three areas of landowner encroachment were identified in MY2 in the conservation easement area.
Please note that visual estimates of all three encroachment areas overestimated the acreage in the MY2
report. Subsequent GPS mapping of the encroachment areas is reflected in the acreages provided below.
One area was located along the easement near Wetland 4 (W4) and was approximately 0.17 acres. The
second area was along the easement near UT2-RI and was approximately 0.09 acres. The third area was
along the easement by UT2-R3 and was approximately 0.01 acres it. All encroachments were a result of
mowing vegetation along the easement boundary due to farming activities.
All encroachment areas were marked with additional t-posts and signs on December 14th, 2021. The
easement was originally marked per the signage every 150 ft, and additional signs have been added. String
and flagging tape were also used to demarcate the boundary. The encroachments near Wetland 4 (0.17
ac) and UT2-RI (0.19 ac) were replanted on December 7th, 2021, with 150 bare root trees (see table
below). The 0.01-acre encroachment near UT2-R3 was not replanted and was marked with additional
signs and string. The 0.01-acre encroachment is less than a foot into the easement and mowed
herbaceous vegetation, but did not harm any planted trees. The marked easement line/t-posts are 6-12
inches outside the conservation easement boundary. Since additional marking and planting have been
completed encroachments have ceased. These areas will be monitored closely in MY4, and additional
adaptive management will be completed if needed.
Encroachment Plantina List
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore
50
33.3%
Quercus michauxii
Swamp Chestnut Oak
50
33.3%
Quercus phellos
Willow Oak
50
33.3%
TOTAL
150
100.0%
A significant population of privet (Ligustrum sinense) was located along the headwater restoration portion
of UT1-RI prior to construction. Construction activities removed the existing privet within the easement.
No treatments of invasive species were conducted during MY3. The easement will be closely monitored
during MY4, and re -sprouts will be treated as needed to prevent further establishment. Any subsequent
vegetation management for problem or invasive species will be included in the MY4 report.
3.4 Macr®benthic Sampling
Two macrobenthic sampling locations were surveyed prior to restoration activities on September 30th,
2019, on UT1-R2 and UT2-R2. No mac roinvertebrates were found on UT1-R2 and UT2-R2 had a score of
7.92. Two macrobenthic sampling locations were surveyed in MY3 on May 11th, 2022, on UT1-R2 and UT2-

R2. UT1-R2 had a biotic index score of 8.69 and UT2-R2 had a score of 6.06. Results indicate that
macroinvertebrates have re-established in UT1-R2 and macroinvertebrates in UT2-R2 are recovering from
construction impacts. Benthic data and photographs are located in Appendix H.
4 Methods
Stream cross-section monitoring was conducted using a Topcon Total Station. Morphological data were
collected at 11 cross -sections. Survey data were imported into Microsoft Excel° for data processing and
analysis. The stage recorders include an automatic pressure transducer (HOBO Water Level (13 ft) Logger)
set in PVC piping in the channel. The elevation of the bed and top of bank at each stage recorder location
was recorded to be able to document presence of water in the channel and out of bank events. Visual
observations (i.e. wrack or debris lines) and traditional cork crest gauges were also used to document out
of bank events.
Vegetation success is being monitored at a total of 24 permanent vegetation plots. Vegetation plot
monitoring follows the CVS-EEP Level 2 Protocol for Recording Vegetation, version 4.2 (Lee et al. 2008)
and includes analysis of species composition and density of planted species. Data are processed using the
CVS data entry tool. In the field, the four corners of each plot were permanently marked with PVC at the
origin and rebar at the other corners. Tree species and height will be recorded for each planted stem and
photos of each plot are to be taken from the origin each monitoring year.
Wetland hydrology is monitored to document success in wetland re-establishment and enhancement
areas where hydrology was affected. This is accomplished with eight automatic pressure transducer
gauges (located in groundwater wells) that record daily (twice per day) groundwater levels. Pressure
transducers are HOBO Water Level (13ft) Data Loggers made by Onset. Seven data loggers have been
installed within the wetland crediting area and one was installed adjacent to UT1-R2 to document
fluctuations in the hyporheic zone. Of the seven located in the credited areas, two are installed within a
reference wetland area. One automatic pressure transducer is installed above ground for use as a
barometric reference. Gauges are downloaded quarterly and wetland hydroperiods are calculated during
the growing season. Gauges are downloaded using a data download shuttle (Onset HOBO U-DTW-1
Waterproof Shuttle Data Transporter). Gauge installation followed current regulatory guidance. Visual
observations of primary and secondary wetland hydrology indicators are also recorded during quarterly
site visits.
4 9

Appendix A:
Background Tables
Table 1: Project Mitigation Components
Table 2: Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3: Project Contacts
Table 4: Project Information and Attributes

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ReportingTable 2. Project Activity and
Hollowell Mitigation Project (SAW-2017-00159)
Elapsed Time Since planting complete: 2 year 6 months
reportingElapsed Time Since grading complete: 2 year 6 months
Number of
DaActivity or Deliverable Complete Delivery
ta Collection Completion or Date N/A 7/26/2018
404 permit date
N/A
10/22/2019
Restoration Plan
N/A
8/1/2019
Final Design —Construction Plans
N/A
8/16/2019
Construction
N/A
4/21/2020
Containerized, bare root and B&B plantings for reach/segments
N/A
4/24/2020
As -built (Year 0 Monitoring— baseline)
April -May 2020
7/1/2020
Year Monitoring
10/30/2020
11/6/2020
Year Monitoring
10/8/2021
10/22/2021
Year Monitoring
10/11/2022
11/3/2022
Year 4 Monitoring
Year 5 Monitoring
Year 6 Monitoring
Year 7 Monitoring/ Close Out
Replanting Encroachment/wetland area MY3
N/A
12/7/2021

3. Project Contacts Table
HollowellTable
..(SAW-2017-00159)
Designer
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Rd, Suite 130, Raleigh,
NC 27615
Primary project design POC
Kayne Van Stell
Phone: [phone]
Construction Contractor
Wright Contracting, LLC
PO Box 545, Siler City, NC 27344
Construction contractor POC
Ross Kennedy
Phone: [phone]
Survey Contractor
WithersRavenel
115 MacKenan Drive, Cary, NC 27511
Survey contractor POC
Marshall Wight
Phone: [phone]
Planting Contractor
Ripple EcoSolutions, LLC
215 Moonridge Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
Planting contractor POC
George Morris
Phone: [phone]
Seeding Contractor
Wright Contracting, LLC
PO Box 545, Siler City, NC 27344
Contractor point of contact
Ross Kennedy
Phone: [phone]
Seed Mix Sources
Green Resource
[phone]
Nursery Stock Suppliers (Bare Roots)
Native Forest Nursery
Phone: [phone]
Nursery Stock Suppliers (Bare Root/plugs)
Mellow Marsh Farm
Phone: [phone]
Nursery Stock Suppliers (Live Stakes)
Foggy Mountain Nursery
Phone: [phone]
Monitoring Performers
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Rd, Suite 130, Raleigh,
NC 27615
Stream Monitoring POC
Emily Dunnigan
Phone: [phone]
Vegetation Monitoring POC
Emily Dunnigan
Phone: [phone]
Wetland Monitoring POC
Emily Dunnigan
Phone: [phone]

Table 4. Project Background
Project Name
Information
Hollowell Mitigation Project
County
Wayne
Project Area (acres)
72.049
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitutle)
35.35814°,-78.11642°
Planted Acreage (Acres of Woody Stems Planted)
57 in total and 17 for streamiWetland
Project Watershed Summary
Physiographic Province
Information
Inner Coastal Plain
River Basin
Neuse
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit 03020201
USGS Hydrologic Unit 14-digit 03020201170060
DWR Sub -basin
03-04-02
184 ac and 0.288 sq. mi (UT1-R1), 512 ac and 0.8 sq.
Project Drainage Area (Acres and Square Miles)
mi(UT2-R3)
Project Drainage Area Percentage of Impervious Area
<1
CGIA Land Use Classification
2.01.03, 2.01.01, 3.02 (46 % pasture/hay, 24 % row
crop, 16% mixed forest)
Reach Summary Information
Parameters
Reach UT7-RI
Reach UT1-R2
Reach UT2-R1
(upper)
Reach UT2-R1
pourer)
Reach U72-R2
Reach U72-R3
Reach U72A
Reach UT2B
Length of reach (linear feet)
2,131
2,007
228
615
1,151
1,923
667
257
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined, unconfined)
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
184 ac and 0.288
260 ac and 0.406
45 ac and 0.070
256 ac and 0.400
512 ac and 0.800
69 ac and 0.108
306 ac and 0.478
Drainage area (Acres and Square Miles)
sq mi
sq mi
sq mi
N/A
sq mi
sq mi
sq mi
sq mi
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
Intermittent
Perennial
Intermittent
Intermittent
Perennial
Perennial
Intermittent
Perennial
NCDWRWater Quality Classification
C, WS-IV
C, WS-IV
C, WS-IV
C, WS-IV
C, WSIV
C, WS-IV
C, WS-IV
I C, WSIV
Stream Classification (existing)
E5 (incised)
E5 (incised)
E5 incised
E5 incised
E5 incised
E5
E5 incised
E5
Stream Classification (proposed)
DA/E5
E5/C5
DA/E5
DA/E5
E5/C5
N/A
DA
N/A
Evolutionary trend (Simon)
IVN
IVN
IVN
IVN
IVN
IVN
V
V
FEMA classification
AE
AE
N/A
N/A
AE
AE
N/A
AE
Parameters
W1
Wetiand Summary Information
W2
W2a
W3
W3a
JEEPW
W4
W4a
Size of wetland (acres)
2.3
2.49
1.59
0.84
0.77
0.9
1.63
Wetland Type (non -riparian, riparian riverine or riparian non-riverine)
RR
RR
RR
RR
RR
RR
RR
Mapped Soil Series
Bb, Kn
CrC2, NoC,
We
KaD, Po
Po, AyA
Ke, Lv
Ke, Lv, To
WaD, We
moderatly well
well drained,
drained, well
moderatly well
very poorly
well drained,
poorly drained,
class
poorly drained
drained, well
poorly drained
drained, very
drained, well
poorly drained
very poorly
drained, poorly
poorly drained
drained
drained
drained
Non-Hydric, Non-
Non-Hyrd ric,
Non-Hydric,
Non-Hydric,
Soil Hydric Status
Hydric
Hyrdic, Non-
Hydric
Hydric
Hydric, Non-Hydric
Hydric
Hydric, Hydric
Hydric, Hydric
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Groundwater,
Source of Hydrology
Surface Hydrology
Surface
Surface
Surface
Surface Hydrology
Surface
Surface
Hydrology
Hydrology
Hydrology
Hydrology
Hydrology
Restoration or enhancement method (hydrologic, vegetative etc.)
Regulatory Considerations
Preservation
Preservation
R:Hydro/veg
E: hydro/veg
R: HydroNeg
E: HydroNeg
R: Hydro/veg
Parameters
Applicable?
Resolved?
Supporting Docs?
Water ofthe United States -Section 404
Yes
Yes
PCN
Water ofthe United States -Section 401
Yes
Yes
PCN
Endangered Species Act
Yes
Yes
PCN/Prospectus
Historic Preservation Act
No
N/A
PCN/Prospectus
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA or LAMA)
No
N/A
N/A
FEMA Floodplain Compliance
Yes
Yes
Floodplaln develop
permit
Essential Fisheries Habitat
No
N/A
N/A

Appendix B:
Visual Assessment Data
Figure 1a & 1b: Current Condition Plan View (CCPV)
Stream Station Photographs
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Crossing Photographs
Additional Photographs

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Appendix C:
Vegetation Monitoring Plot
Data
Table 5a: Planted and Total Stem Counts
Table 5b: Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary
Table 5c: Red -line Plant List

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Table
Plot #
5b: Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary
Planted Volunteers/ Total Success
Criteria
Stems/Acre Acre Stems/Acre
Met
Table
Average
Stem Height
(ft)
0
0

Species
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
HollowellTable 5c:
..Red -line Planting
11hM=1
Green ash
.
List
Stems
2400
% Planted
5.85%
Mitigation
Plan Percent
7%
Betula nigra
River birch
3400
8.29%
7%
Quercus nigra
Water oak
2100
5.12%
5%
Nyssa biflora
Swamp black gum
1050
2.56%
5%
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore
3400
8.29%
7%
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip poplar
2800
6.83%
7%
Quercus phellos
Willow oak
1600
3.90%
5%
Quercus alba
White oak
1700
4.15%
5%
Quercus bicolor
Swamp white oak
1700
4.15%
5%
Taxodium distichum
Bald cypress
2900
7.07%
5%
Magnolia virginiana
Sweetbay magnolia
2100
5.12%
6%
Carpinus caroliniana
Ironwood
2900
7.07%
6%
Ulmus americana
American elm
1175
2.87%
0%
Aronia arbutifolia
Red chokecherry
1419
3.46%
0%
Ceplalanthus occ
Buttonbush
400
0.98%
0%
Cyrilla racimiflora
Titi
173
0.42%
6%
Itea virginica
Sweetspire
1902
4.64%
6%
Viburnum nudum
Possomhaw viburnum
2206
5.38%
0%
Clethra alnifolia
Sweet pepperbush
1620
3.95%
6%
Cornus amomum
Silky dogwood
1312
3.20%
0%
Persea borbonia
Red bay
408
0.99%
0%
Ilex glabra
Inkberry
841
2.05%
0%
Quercus pagoda
Cherrybark oak
800
1.95%
0%
Quercus michauxii
Swamp chestnut oak
700
1.71%
0%
Total
41,006
100%
* changes from mitigation plan in red

Appendix D:
Stream Measurement and
Geomorphology Data
MY3 Cross -Sections
Table 6a: Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 6b: Cross-section Morphology Data
Table 6c: Stream Reach Morphology Data
Table 6d: Evidence of Headwater Channel Formation

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a

Table .. Evidence of Headwater
Channel Formation
Hollowell.
.
Scour (indicating sediment transport by flowing water)
Yes Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition (accumulations of sediment and/or
formation of ripples)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sediment sorting (sediment sorting indicated by grain -size
distribution within primary flow path)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Multiple observed flow events (must be documented by
gauge data and/or photographs)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Destruction of terrestrial vegetation
No
Yes
No
Presence of litter and debris
Yes
No
No
Wracking (deposits of drift material indicating surface water
flow)
Yes
No
No
Vegetation matted down, bent, or absent (herbaceous or
otherwise)
No
Yes
No
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
No
No
No
Scour (indicating sediment transport by flowing water)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition (accumulations of sediment and/or
formation of ripples)
Yes
No
No
Sediment sorting (sediment sorting indicated by grain -size
distribution within primary flow path)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Multiple observed flow events (must be documented by
gauge data and/or photographs)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Destruction of terrestrial vegetation
No
No
No
Presence of litter and debris
Yes
No
No
Wracking (deposits of drift material indicating surface water
flow)
Yes
No
No
Vegetation matted down, bent, or absent (herbaceous or
otherwise)
No
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
No
No
No
Scour (indicating sediment transport by flowing water)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sediment deposition (accumulations of sediment and/or
formation of ripples)
No
No
No
Sediment sorting (sediment sorting indicated by grain -size
distribution within primary flow path)
No
No
No
Multiple observed flow events (must be documented by
gauge data and/or photographs)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Destruction of terrestrial vegetation
Yes
No
No
Presence of litter and debris
No
No
No
Wracking (deposits of drift material indicating surface water
flow)
No
Yes
No
Vegetation matted down, bent, or absent (herbaceous or
otherwise)
No
Yes
Yes
Leaf litter disturbed or washed away
No
No
No

Appendix E:
Hydrologic Data
Table 7: Verification of Bankfull Events
Figure 2: Surface Flow Data
Figure 3: Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Installation Diagram
Figure 4: Rainfall Data
Figure 5: Wetland Gauge Data

late
7/7/2020
7/7/2020
7/7/2020
10/26/2020
10/26/2020
10/26/2020
MY1 10/26/2020
10/26/2020
10/26/2020
10/26/2020
Table 7A:
Hollowell
Date of
4/30/2020
Verification of Bankfull Events
Mitigation Site - WILS Neuse
Pressure Transducer
- UTI-R2
01 Bank
Bankfull from rain event
Measurement
above bankfull
0.495
5/20/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.142
6/17/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.38
8/4/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.665
8/9/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.272
8/20/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.327
9/5/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.701
9/11/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.778
9/17/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.526
9/25/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.429
10/26/2020
9/29/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.702
10/26/2020
10/11/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.194
10/26/2020
10/25/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.273
10/26/2020
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
1.4
M Y2
3/29/2021
1/2/2021 -
1/10/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull as a result of backwater
from the Neuse River
3.921
3/29/2021
1/26/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.221
3/29/2021
1/31/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.169
3/29/2021
2/11/2021 -
2/25/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull as a result of backwater
from the Neuse River
3.993
3/29/2021
3/16/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.578
3/29/2021
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
3.5
8/5/2021
6/3/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.885
8/5/2021
6/10/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.163
8/5/2021
7/8/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.285
8/5/2021
7/27/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.321
8/5/2021
8/1/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.29
8/5/2021
8/4/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.25
8/5/2021
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
1.2
10/1/2021
8/7/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.289
MY3
1/14/2022
1/1/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.217
1/14/2022
1/3/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.26
4/14/2022
1/16/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.15
4/14/2022
1/17/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.099
4/14/2022
2/7/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.147
4/14/2022
3/12/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.17
10/10/2022
7/8/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.1
10/10/2022
7/9/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.23
10/10/2022
7/10/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.159
10/10/2022
9/30/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.125

Monitoring
Yea r
MY1
Date of Collection
7/7/2020
Table 7B:
Hollowell
Date of
Occurrence
Unknown
Verification of Bankfull Events
Mitigation Site - WILS Neuse
Method
Cork Gauge
- UT2-R2
01 Bank
Photos/Notes
Yes
Measurement
above bankfull
(feet)
0.72
7/7/2020
4/30/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.498
7/7/2020
5/20/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.658
7/7/2020
5/28/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.206
7/7/2020
6/17/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.834
10/26/2020
8/4/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.353
10/26/2020
8/9/2020
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.284
10/26/2020
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
0.55
M Y2
3/21/2021
1/1/2021-
1/3/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.56
3/21/2021
2/1/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.228
3/21/2021
2/11/2021-
2/16/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.142
3/21/2021
2/18/2021-
2/20/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.263
3/21/2021
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
1.2
8/5/2021
3/16/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.469
8/5/2021
3/31/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.222
8/5/2021
6/2/2021-
6/5/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
1.453
8/5/2021
6/9/2021 -
6/13/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.442
8/5/2021
6/26/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.49
8/5/2021
6/29/2021-
7/2/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.321
8/5/2021
7/8/2021-
7/15/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.622
8/5/2021
Unknown
Cork Gauge
Yes
0.8
8/5/2021
7/18/2021-
8/5/2021
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.57
MY3
1/14/2022
1/1/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.09
1/14/2022
1/3/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.16
4/14/2022
1/16/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.7
4/14/2022
1/17/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.1
4/14/2022
3/12/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.04
10/10/2022
7/7/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.01
10/10/2022
7/8/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.46
10/10/2022
7/9/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.36
10/10/2022
7/10/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.28
10/10/2022
7/15/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.02
10/10/2022
8/12/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.002
10/10/2022
9/10/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.04
10/10/2022
9/11/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.005
10/10/2022
9/30/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.2
10/10/2022
10/1/2022
Pressure Transducer
Bankfull from rain event
0.04

Figure 2: Surface Flow Data
Hollowell Flow Gauge FG-1 (UT1-131)
Maximum Days of Consecutive Flow
88 days (1/1/2022 - 3/29/2022)
1.5
1.25
v 1
E
M
�U 0.5
G1K.7
3
W
Gk7
0 WI
1. 1.Y
. LL
1
1
a .
1
a
1 I L179-
- I
i ■ 1.ti!-01
111
_W V.I
A4L + 11
' 0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N N
N
N
N N N
N
N N
N N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N N
N
N
N N N
N
N N
N N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O O O
O
O O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N N
N
N
N N N
N
N N
N N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
c\i
M
Oa)
N
LOO
N
LOO
O0)
M n
-1
T
0000 N LOO
O
M n
O ZT
W
N
L 1
01
M
I,
ci
\
\
\
\
\
\ \W\n\\\
\
\
\
\
O
\�
\
N
ci
ci
N
N
rn
rn
qT
M
LO I,
n
00 00
Ol Ol
ci
O
ci
ci
ci
N
N
ci
ci
ci
ci
Rainfall
Sensor Depth
Downstream Riffle
1
0.8
t
0.6
a
v
0
�
0.4
v
0.2
Hollowell Flow Gauge FG-2 (UT2-131)
Maximum Days of Consecutive Flow
283 days (1/1/2022 - 10/10/2022)
3
2.5
0.5
0
L 1.1
. r.
1
r
1:9
r
R
r 1
n1 n 1n1
r
1 n 1, mrw nl
lrrn
2 1 HI
.
In rr
1 11_
0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N N N N
N N N N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O O O O
N N N N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
O
N
M
rn
N
�O
N
�O
rn
M
r,
1
-1
zT W N LOO
W n
o
M
1"
o
zT
W
N
L`n
-1
rn
M
N
r,
-i
ci
\
ci
\
N
\
N
\
rn
\
rn
qT
\
qT
�
\
M
\ \
LO r,
\
n
\
00
\
00
\
Ol
\
Ol
O
ci
\
O
ci
ci
\
ci
ci
ci
N
ci
N
ci
Rainfall
Sensor Depth
Downstream
Riffle

1.6
1.4
1.2
0 0.8
E 0.6
v
`n 0.4
0.2
2.5
6
v
Hollowell Crest Gauge CG-1 (UT1-R2)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
c\i M a) N LOO N LOO 00) M n -1 T 0000 N LOO O M n O zT W N L 1 0) M I, ci
�--� \ \ \ \ \ \ \W\n\\\ NqT \ \ \ \ \ O \ \
ci ci N N cn cn qT M lD I, n 00 00 0) 0) ci O -1 -1 -1 N N
ci ci ci ci
Daily Rainfall Stream Max Depth Bankfull Depth
Hollowell Crest Gauge CG-2 (UT2-R2)
1.5 I . I
+�
a
a)
o
x
cu
2 1
E
v
v7
3
2.5
0.5
3
2.5
v
2 U
C
1.5 M
1 0
0.5
0 ' ' 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LOO N LOO 00) M n -1 zT W N LOO O M n O zT W N LLn 0) M I, ci
T \ � 1 \ W \ n \ \ \ \ \ \ O \ -1 \ N
ci ci N N cn cn qT M LD I, n 00 00 0) 0) ci O -1 -1 -1 N N
ci ci ci ci
Daily Rainfall Stream Max Depth Bankfull Depth

z 1'
3:aj
o„
0L
LL J
O LL
LL
Z
O
N
Lal
LL
a)
O
c
O
co
a�
w
O
� �rn
+ ao
�LO
0
L a)
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+
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o
Q u u u
o00
J O O O
LL LL LL LL

z
�C(j
O„
0L
LL J
OLL
LL
z FY
O
N
u
C
a
C
G
c
u
Ll
c
0
c
N
4-
0
c
O
co
a�
w
CL
O
N + ap
CL
L p
N
it N +
W a) LO
o
Q u u u
CLCLCL
o00
O
J O O O
LL LL LL LL

CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF STREAM
PRESSURE
TRANSDUCER
CORK GAUGE
TOP OF CREST GAUGE
O rrf-- HEIGHT = 4.75
LU
Illlli l
O
Lu co
U)
Crest Gauge CG-1 (UT1-R2)
Bankfull Event Depth (for transducer) = (Top of Gauge + Sensor Depth) - Bankfull Depth
Bankfull Event Depth = 0.95
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF STREAM
PRESSURE
TRANSDUCER
CORK GAUGE
TOP OF CREST GAUGE
C] HEIGHT = 5.25
9.13=
BANKFULL
DEPTHLU
III III
a
= Q IIIIII I�
o
U)
Crest Gauge CG-2 (UT2-R2)
Bankfull Event Depth (for transducer) _ (Top of Gauge + Sensor Depth) - Bankfull Depth
Bankfull Event Depth = 1.10

10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
a
6.00
s
U
5.00
m
�o 4.00
m
w
E 3.00
M
W
2.00
1.00
0.00
Jan-22
Feb-22 Mar-22 Apr-22 May-22 Jun-22 Jul-22 Aug-22 Sep-22 Oct-22 Nov-22 Dec-22
Observed Monthly Rainfall - -30th Percentile -70th Percentile
Oth and 70th percentile data collected from weather station CLAY- Central Crops Research Station in Clayton, NC.
Incomplete Month
Jan-22
2.22
3.84
Observed
5.20
Feb-22
2.16
4.02
1.62
Mar-22
2.25
3.95
2.13
Apr-22
2.67
4.41
2.64
May-22
2.60
4.73
2.02
Jun-22
2.70
5.32
1.25
Jul-22
4.43
6.57
8.97
Aug-22
4.66
6.39
4.49
Sep-22
3.97
8.03
5.05
Oct-22
1.39
3.88
Nov-22
1.70
4.18
Dec-22
2.48
4.42
**

Figure 5
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge GW-1
10
k,
v 0
U
U
C
-5
++
Q
N
0 -10
C7
20
-25
3
2.5
0.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
n
-i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
n
O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
-i
-i
\
\
\
\
\
\
qf
\
Ln
\
\
n
\
\
\
\
\
\
O
\
\
N
-i\
.-i
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
I,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
-1
-1
ci
-1
N
ci
N
ci
10
5
v 0
U
U
C
5
++
Q
N
-10
L
-15
c
o -20
(D
-25
Rainfall — Groundwater Depth — Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-2 (W4)
Hydrologic Criteria Met
3
2.5
2 v
U
U
C
1.5 42
0.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Lf
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
n
-i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
n
O
qT
00
N
Lf
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m
m
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Lr)
W
I,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
-1
-1
ci
-1
N
ci
N
ci
Rainfall
Groundwater
Depth
Ground Level
12"
Below Surface
Growing
Season

10
k,
v 0
U
U
C
-5
++
Q
N
0 -10
O 20
(D
-25
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-3 (W4a)
HvdroloRic Criteria Met
3
2.5
0.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
n
-i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
n
O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
-i
-i
\
\
\
\
\
\
qf
\
Ln
\
\
n
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\
\
O
\
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N
-i\
.-i
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
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I,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
-1
-1
ci
-1
N
ci
N
ci
10
5
v 0
U
U
C
5
++
Q
N
-10
L
-15
C
o -20
(D
-25
Rainfall — Groundwater Depth — Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-4 (W3)
Hvdroloeic Criteria Not Met
3
2.5
2 v
U
U
C
1.5 42
0.5
-30
LL'-
— .
0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
\i
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
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N
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N
N
.
Ln
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N
W
N
W
O\1
m
n
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0000
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W
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m
n
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qT
00
N
LnO\1
m
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In
\
\
n
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N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
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00
00
Ol
Ol
c-I
O
c-I
ci
ci
c-I
ci
N
c-I
N
c-I
Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season

10
5
v 0
U
U
C
-5
++
Q
N
0 -10
C7
20
-25
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-5 (W3a)
Hydrologic Criteria Met
3
2.5
2 v
U
U
C
1.5
C
0.5
-30
■�
. �.
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.
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.
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1 0
N
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N
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N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
r,.\i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
r,O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
.\i
ci
\
\
\
\
\
\
qf
\
Ln
\
\
n
\
\
\
\
\
\
O
\
\
N
\
\
.-i
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
r,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
ci
ci
ci
ci
N
ci
N
ci
10
5
v 0
U
U
C
5
++
Q
N
-10
L
-15
C
o -20
(D
-25
Rainfall — Groundwater Depth — Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-6 (W2)
Hydrologic Criteria Met
3
2.5
2 v
U
U
C
1.5 42
0.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
r,.\i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
r,O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
.\i
ci
\
\
\
\
\
\
qT
\
in
\
\
n
\
\
\
\
\
\
O
\
\
N
\
\
ci
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
r,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
ci
ci
ci
-1
N
ci
N
ci
Rainfall
Groundwater
Depth
Ground Level
12"
Below Surface
Growing
Season

Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-7 (W2a)
Hydrologic Criteria Met
10
k,
v 0
U
U
C
-5
++
Q
N
0 -10
C7
20
-25
3
2.5
0.5
-30
..
L IL
I
1 0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
r,.\i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
r,O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
.\i
ci
\
\
\
\
\
\
qf
\
Ln
\
\
n
\
\
\
\
\
\
O
\
\
N
\
\
.-i
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
r,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
ci
ci
ci
ci
N
ci
N
ci
Rainfall — Groundwater Depth — Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
Hollowell Groundwater Gauge WG-8 (W1)
Hydrologic Criteria Met
10
5
v 0
U
U
C
5
++
Q
N
-10
L
-15
C
o -20
(D
-25
3
2.5
2 v
U
U
C
1.5 42
0.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.\i
Ln
Oa)
N
W
N
W
O0)
m
r,.\i
�
0000
N
W
O
m
r,O
qT
00
N
Ln
0)
m
n
.\i
ci
\
\
\
\
\
\
qT
\
in
\
\
n
\
\
\
\
\
\
O
\
\
N
\
\
ci
.-i
N
N
m
m
qT
Ln
W
r,
n
00
00
m
m
ci
O
ci
ci
ci
ci
-1
N
ci
N
ci
Rainfall
Groundwater
Depth
Ground Level
12"
Below Surface
Growing
Season

Fiqure 5
Max
Consecutive Hydroperiod
Saturation within 12 Inches
of Soil Surface (Percent
of Growing
Season 3/21-11/6)
CRONOS Station:
GOLD - Cherry
Research Station
Monitoring Gauge Name MY1
2020
MY2 MY3
2021 2022
MY4 MY5
2023 2024
MY6 MY7
2025 2026
Mean
Groundwater Gauge 1
Wetland Gauge 2
Wetland Gauge 3
Wetland Gauge 4
Wetland Gauge 5
Wetland Gauge 6
Wetland Gauge 7
Wetland Gauge 8
Fails to meet 12% hydroperiod
Meets 12% hydroperiod

Appendix F: Macrobenthic Data
Table 8: Biotic Index Data and Scores
Macrobenthic Sampling Field Data Sheets
Biotic Sampling Photographs

/ Biotic Index Value
EPHEMEROPTERA
Table 8:
UT2-112
Biotic Index
UTI-112
Data and Scores
BioticTaxa
Taxa /
EPHEMEROPTERA
Family Baetidae
Family Baetidae
Barris pluto (3.4)
Barris intercalaris (5.0)
Family Ephemeridae
Barris pluto (3.4)
Ephemera sap (2.0)
Family Ephemeridae
Family Heptageniidae
Ephemera sap (2.0)
Maccaffertium modestum (5.7)
Family Heptageniidae
Stenacron carolina (1.3)
Maccaffertium modestum (5.7)
C
PLECOPTERA
Stenacron carolina (1.3)
Family Perlidae
Family Leptophlebiidae
Eccoptura xanthenes (4.7)
Paraleptophlebia sap (1.2)
TRICHOPTERA
PLECOPTERA
Family Hydropsychidae
Family Perlidae
Cheumatopsyche sap (6.6)
Amphinemoura (3.8)
Hydropsyche betteni (7.9)
Eccoptura xanthenes (4.7)
Family Philopotamidae
TRICHOPTERA
Chimarra sap (3.3)
Family Hydropsychidae
MISC DIPTERA
Cheumatopsyche sap (6.6)
C
Family Culicidae
Diplectrona modesta (2.3)
Anopholes sap (8.6)
R
Hydropsyche betteni (7.9)
Empididae
Family Limnephilidae
Family Simuliidae
Neophylax atla nta (1.6)
Simulium sap (4.9)
Pycnopsyche sap (2.5)
R
Family Tabanidae
MISC DIPTERA
Ch ryso ps (6.7)
Family Ceratopogonidae
Family Tipulidae
Atrichopogon sap
Hexatoma sap (3.5)
Family Simuliidae
DIPTERA; CHIRONOMIDAE
Simulium sap (4.9)
R
Ablabesmyia mallochi (7.4)
R
DIPTERA; CHIRONOMIDAE
Corynoneura sap (5.7)
Corynoneura sap (5.7)
C
Dicrotendipes neomodestus (7.9)
Cricotopus bicintus (C/O sp 1) (8.7)
Nanocladius (7.4)
Orthocladius carlatus: C/O sp 54 (4.4)
R
Rheota nyta rsus s p p (6.5)
Parakieferiella sap (4.8)
Ta nyta rs us s p p (6.6)
Parametriocnemus sap (3.9)
Thienemannimyia group (8.4)
Thienemaniella sap(6.4)
C
Tribelos sap (6.4)
Thienemannimyia group (8.4)
R
ODONATA
Tribelos jacundum (5.7)
Family Aeshnidae
COLEOPTERA
Boyeria vinosa (5.6)
Family Dryopidae
Family Calopterygidae
Helichus sap (4.1)
R
Ca In ate ryx s p p (7.5)
Family Dytiscidae
Family Coenagrionidae
Ilybius sap
R
Argia sap (8.3)
R
Neoporus sap (7.0)
R
Family Gomphidae
Family Elmidae
Gomphus sap (5.9)
R
Macronychus glabratus (4.7)
R
Ophiogomphus sap (5.9)
Family Haliplidae
Stylogomphus albistylus (5.0)
Peltodytes sap (8.4)
R
Family Libellulidae
Family Hydrophilidae
Plathymis lydia (9.8)
R
Hydrochus sap
R
OLIGOCHAETA
Laccobius sap (6.5)
R
Family Naidae
Tropisternus blachleyi (9.3)
C
Aulodrilus pleuriseta (5.6)
Tropisternus col la ris (9.3)
R
Nais sap (8.7)
Family Noteridae
Pristina sap (7.7)
Hydrocanthus sap
R
MEGALOPTERA
Family Ptilodactylidae
Family Corydalidae
Anchyta rsus bicolor(2.4)
Nigronia serricornis (4.6)
ODONATA
Family Sialidae
Family Aeshnidae
Sialis sap (7.0)
R
Boyeria vinosa (5.6)
C
Family Calopterygidae
Total Taxa Richness
6
Calopteryx sap (7.5)
R
E PT Taxa Richness
0
Family Coenagrionidae
EPTAbundance
0
Argia sap (8.3)
Biotic Index
7.92
Enallagma sp (8.5)
Key
R=Rare, C=Common, A=Abundant
Family Gomphidae
Gomphus sap (5.9)
R
Progomphus obscurus (8.2)
Family Libellulidae
Pachydiplax longipenis (9.6)
R
Family Macromiidae
Macromia sap (6.2)
R
OLIGOCHAETA
Family Lumbriculidae (7.0)
R
Family Naidae
Pristinella sap (7.7)
R
CRUSTACEA
Family Cambaridae
immature crayfish (7.5)
R
MOLLUSCA
Family Pleuroceridae
Elimia sap (2.7)
Family Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea (6.6)
R
OTHERTAXA
Family Corixidae
Sigara sap (8.7)
R
R
Family Hydrachnidae
Torrenticola sap (5.5)
R
Total Taxa Richness
21
9
EPT Taxa Richness
3
0
EPT Abundance
7
0
Biotic Index
6.06
8.69

Appendix C - Benthos Collection Card
DATE �1"oZOaa. COLLECTTIIME )O %5 fK^ COLLECTO1RSl VJ3(CbjUD CARD#
WATEMODY V I t—eli( VT A ,&V QIUlet)
STAT.LOC. RIVER BASIN NQ. fiP- -01 COMY AJ QU y\P,
Substrate
;�
rr��
Field
Parameter s
Boulder(101
V % Mcandepth
i
Bank Erasion
NMod_Sev
Cobble (2 1/2-10*3
=% Maxim. depth
�
Canopy
4SQTgpe
Gravel L1/12-2 1;'2")
j Width
y • o,
Aufwvdu
N Mod_Abund.
Sand (1/12-)
_%
% Current
ot-'ev
Podoste=m
iti Mod_Abund. h
SEt.finePartir,
10D % Recent Rain?
--Dr,5
TribsPresent?
\b
Other
Photo
(N)
InstremnHabitat (0,+,++)
$fig; (#)
Pools
Jr + BUdc=ters D .
Kicks
p
Temperature ('C) r
Ran
_Detritus !J
Sweeps
'2
Dissolved CbWgen (rM/L)
Snags
IZ) Aquatic Weeds r t LeafPada
Cooduetirity(µmbos/ae)
Uadercut Banks
_Other (Is
Rock -Log
o
pH
Root Mats
�' - --
Sand
i
Visuals
Other
Field Observations:
L
S+G S `!L. \Js�,M �
s
itAJkrXlYi(i�i"��
sireO+V%-
0
5o

Appendix C — Benthos Collection Card
DATE 5_ I? _ 13Z2 COLLECT
��Tim I V S D AM COLLECTORS W IEq% CAROM
WATERBODY �,�%i MR,L 11 uoq\
SCAT.LOC. RIVERBASIN COUNTY
Subst ate:
River -
Boulder (10')
fl % Mean depth
Cobble (21/2.101
=% Maxim depth
Crawl (1/12.21/2"]
% Width
Sand(1/12")
% Current
Scat. fine Partic
% Recent Rain ?
Other
rZ% Photos
Instream Habitat (0,+++)
Pools -4--4• Backwaters A"
Rifles
Detritus -t-
Snags
AquaticLVeeds -1
Undercut Banks +
Other D
Root Mats 4.
Field Observations
0
� Field
o .dal
Parameters
Hank Erosion
Campy
— Lp'
AufK,udu
MA
P Odostetn m
+ V
Tribs Present?
(R)
Kicks
S%eeps
LeafPacks f1
Rock -Log
Sand j
Visuals
Other 7
N Q Mod_ Sev
%Type M a-kJ`i.
N _Mod_�_Abuud.
N _Mod Abund.
SYat=Lh=9sWa
Temperature rn
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Canducti%ity (µ:rhos/ao)
PH
50

C,1 5,
LOO
a'x
N _
ly
r
N
N
Q
rl
4
N
':1

Appendix G: Correspondence
MY2 Credit Release Comment Response

WATER & LAND
SOLUTIONS
November 2, 2022
US Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Division, Wilmington District
Attn: Todd Tugwell
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27587
RE: WLS Responses to NCIRT Review Comments Regarding the WLS Neuse 01 Umbrella Mitigation Bank
(UMBI) Monitoring Year 2 Report for the Hollowell Mitigation Project, USACE AID# SAW-2017-00159,
Neuse River Basin, Cataloging Unit 03020201, Wayne County, NC
Dear Mr. Tugwell:
Water & Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) is pleased to provide our written responses to the North Carolina
Interagency Review Team (NCIRT) review comments dated December 14", 2021 regarding the Monitoring Year
2 Report for the Hollowell Mitigation Project. We are providing our written responses to the NCIRT's review
comments below. Each of the NCIRT review comments is copied below in bold text, followed by the appropriate
response from WLS in regular text:
Erin Davis, NCDWR:
• 1 appreciated the level of detail provided in the monitoring report narrative and on the CCPV. Also,
the photo comparisons were helpful both to show the veg establishment over time and infer what
the flow paths/channels looks like beneath the veg obstructing view. Response: Thank you.
• Regarding the UT2-R2 single -thread restoration, if channel maintenance is being considered to
manage any vegetation growing within the channel it should be proposed within the next year. In
general, DWR does not support channel maintenance beyond MY3 in order to evaluate the
trajectory of a feature's functions (stream vs. wetland). Response: No channel maintenance is being
proposed at this time.
• The number of gauge malfunctions was a bit concerning. DWR's glad corrective actions were taken,
as substantial data loss/gaps can affect our ability to properly review and support a proposed credit
release. Response: WLS will continue to monitor gauges closely and prevent malfunctions to the best
of our ability. WLS downloads and checks gauges a minimum of four times per year.
• The number and size of mowing encroachments is also concerning. In the MY3 report, please provide
photos of these easement boundary areas showing the corrective actions taken (planting and
signage/tape). Response: During MY2 the encroachment acreage was visually overestimated. During
MY3 replanting, encroachments were more accurately mapped with GPS. The total acreage of
encroachments found in MY2 is approximately 0.27 acres of the 72-acre easement. All areas of
waterlandsolutions.com 1 7721 Six Forks Rd, Ste 130, Raleigh, NC 27615 1 919-614-5111

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encroachment were planted with bare root trees (see MY3 report) and all were marked with additional
t-posts and flagging tape to prevent future encroachments. Encroachment in these areas has ceased
since planting and additional marking. Photos of the encroachments are provided in the report
appendices.
Casey Haywood, USACE:
• Appreciate the inclusion of the Problem Vegetation Treatment table for management of cattail and
privet. Response: Thank you.
• Photos of the stream problem areas look good. Response: Thank you.
• The comparison photos from MYO to MY2 helped with the review. Please keep in mind that it will
be important to provide photo documentation of channel formation for the headwater streams. If
some of the cross-section photos are impeded by vegetation it is recommended to add additional
photos as needed to show field indicators. Response: WLS will provide additional photo
documentation as needed for headwater channel formation.
Todd Tugwell, USACE:
• It appears that there are issues with vegetation growth within portions of project based on photos
of the site. Manipulation of channel reaches, including vegetation maintenance within the channel,
should be coordinated with the IRT prior to being conducted so that we may provide
comment/approval of proposed actions. Response: WLS did not find any vegetation growth issues on
site and no vegetation maintenance is being proposed at this time. Channels are stable and no
sedimentation is accumulating within pools.
• The encroachments into the site are concerning, and I would not consider a %: acre of mowing to be
a minor incident. The areas of encroachment should be replanted using containerized trees and
improved markings/bollards should be used to ensure the landowner has a visual boundary.
Response: Response: During MY2 the encroachment acreage was visually overestimated. During MY3
replanting, encroachments were more accurately mapped with GPS. The total acreage of
encroachments found in MY2 is approximately 0.27 acres of the 72-acre easement. All areas of
encroachment were planted with bare root trees (see MY3 report), and all were marked with
additional t-posts and flagging tape to prevent future encroachments. Encroachment in these areas
has ceased since planting and additional marking. Photos of the encroachments are provided in the
report appendices.
• Gauge WG7 in wetland W2a appears to have standing water most of the year based on the gauge
data, which explains the vegetation issue in this area. Is this a concern? How big is this area? Are
there cattails present here? Response: Prior to construction this area had consistent standing water
during wet seasons. The area is approximately 0.39 acres and WLS does not expect excessive tree
mortality issues, but tree vigor/height may be lower than typical. Cattails are present in small clumps
throughout W2a, however they are not affecting tree survival.
waterlandsolutions.com 1 7721 Six Forks Rd, Ste 130, Raleigh, NC 27615 1 919-614-5111

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Please contact me if you have any questions or comments.
Sincerely,
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
Emily Dunnigan
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 130
Raleigh, NC 27615
Office Phone: [phone]
Mobile Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
waterlandsolutions.com 1 7721 Six Forks Rd, Ste 130, Raleigh, NC 27615 1 919-614-5111