20180063 Ver 1_French_Broad_05_RES_Carolina_Bison_MY3_Monitoring_Report_20221027

ID#* 20180063
Select Reviewer:
Erin Davis
Initial Review Completed Date 10/31/2022
Mitigation Project Submittal - 10/27/2022
Version* 1
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?*
Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Daniel Dixon
Project Information
ID#:* 20180063
Existing ID#
Project Type: DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Carolina Bison
County: Buncombe
Document Information
O Yes O No
Email Address-*
[e-mail]
Version:* 1
Existing Version
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
File Upload: French Broad 05 RES Carolina Bison MY3 Mo... 19.79MB
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Signature
Print Name:* Daniel Dixon
Signature: *

3600 Glenwood Avenue. Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612

Corporate Headquarters
6575 West Loop South, Suite 300

Bellaire, TX 77401
Main: 713.520.5400

October 27, 2022
Mr. Steve Kichefski
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Division
151 Patton Ave. Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006

RE: Carolina Bison Year 3 Monitoring Report (SAW-2016-02357)

Dear Mr. Kichefski,

Please find attached the Carolina Bison Year 3 Monitoring Report.

In Monitoring Year 3, all nine vegetation plots met the 320 stems per acre success criteria. The
average planted stems per acre across the plots was 710 and the average planted stem height
was 4.3 feet. Fifteen bankfull events were recorded on the stage recorders with all three
documenting at least three events. Visual assessment of the site show no vegetation or stream
problems ,t he channel is transporting sediment as designed and will continue to be monitored
for aggradation and degradation. In-stream vegetation and invasive species such as Chinese Privet
and Multiflora rose were treated across the site in August 2022. Comments from the Monitoring
Year Two Credit Release Letter are located and italicized below with answers detailed in bold.

RES is requesting a 10% stream credit release (458.100 SMUs and 9.400 WQ SMUs) for the
completion of the Year 3 Monitoring Report. Please see enclosed the credit release timeline and
an updated credit ledger.

Thank you,

Daniel Dixon | Ecologist

res.us

1.Not all MY1 IRT project concerns were updated/addressed in the MY2 report suchas fencing,
rock swale sedimentation issues, the additional encroachment, etc. It is recommended that IRT concerns
and project problem areas are tracked with their own section and carried thru the entire monitoring
period for consistent tracking from yearto year. It would also be helpful if those project concerns were
noted on a project monitoring figure.
RES has included all issues on this yearsCurrent Conditions Plan View figure. All rock swales on site
are now vegetated and functioning. Cattle and bison do not have access to the conservation
easement, in-stream vegetation has been treated this year that should facilitate sediment transport
throughout the project streams, and the landowner has been paid to remove the fence posts that
encroach into the easement.
2.Continue to remove all black walnut throughout the site during the monitoring period, including
within vegetation plots.
RES has continued to remove black walnut.
3.Keep the IRT updated with the completion of the livestock exclusion fencing and the movement
of existing fencing that is encroaching in the easement.
RES has paid the landowner to remove existing fence posts that encroach into the easement. No
livestock are currently accessing the easement and the landowner is aware that they cannot move
livestock into any pastures that adjoin the easement without fencing.
4.IRT MY1 comments requested photos of rock swales and stream crossings which were not
included. Due to the adjacent land use, structures were added throughout the project and those along
PB1-A already required upgrades/repairs handle the sedimentation received. For this reason, track the
stability and sedimentation of the swales along PB1-A throughout monitoring as mentioned in comment
1.
The swale at PB1a has vegetated and stabilized. A picture is included in Appendix B.
5.The same area along UT1 had an encroachment for the second year in a row. Update the IRT
with a better description of the nature and extent of the encroachment. Provide pictures, what additional
measures are taken to address this issue and track in future monitoring reports/figures as mentioned in
comment 1.
No further encroachments have been recorded along UT1, due to the size of the area previously
encroachedRES doesn’t believe supplemental planting is necessary. Additional easement signs will be
added this winter of 2022/2023.
6.Some headcutting and a small length of parallel channel scour was noted along the lower
portion of UT1. Stabilize as needed and update with MY3 report.
The head cut on UT1 has stabilized with increased vegetation in the area, this area will continue to be
monitored and treated if necessary.
7.Some aggradation was noted on UT1 XS 13 & 14, as well as low diversity in VP 6 (two species)
and a BHR of 1.3 for Cross Section 4. Watch these features during MY3. Additionally, sycamores seem
2

plentiful onsite so please consider limiting their quantities in potential future supplemental planting
efforts.
The aggradation on UT1 XS 13 &14 was believed to be caused by excessive in-stream vegetation. In
stream vegetation was treated in August 2022 and RES believes channel conditions will return to as-
built dimensions. RES will treat this area if in MY4 conditions do not improve. Cross section four has a
BHR of 1.2 now and should continue to maintain itself. If supplemental planting is performed on the
site due to low stem density or diversity, RES will limit the number of sycamores planted.
3

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CAROLINA BISON
STREAMMITIGATION SITE
BUNCOMBECOUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
SAW-2016-02357
RES French Broad 05 Umbrella Mitigation Bank
YEAR 3MONITORING REPORT
Provided by:
Bank Sponsor: EBX-Neuse I, LLC,
An entity of Resource Environmental Solutions
3600Glenwood Ave, Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612
919-209-1055
October 2022

Table of Contents
1.0 Project Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Project Location and Description .............................................................................................. 2
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Project Success Criteria ............................................................................................................. 3
Stream Success Criteria ................................................................................................................... 3
Vegetation Success Criteria ............................................................................................................. 4
Water Quality ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Project Components .................................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Stream Design/Approach .......................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Construction and As-Built Conditions ...................................................................................... 6
1.7 Year 3 Monitoring Performance (MY3) .................................................................................... 7
Vegetation ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Stream Geomorphology ................................................................................................................... 8
Stream Hydrology ............................................................................................................................ 8
Water Quality ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.0 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.0 References ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Appendix A: Background Tables
Table 1: Project Mitigation Components
Table 2: Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3: Project Contacts Table
Table 4: Project Background Information Table
Figure 1: Site Location Map

Appendix B: Visual Assessment Data
Figure 2: Current Conditions Plan View
Vegetation Plot Photos
Monitoring Device Photos
Crossing and Swale Photos

Appendix C: Vegetation Plot Data
Table 5: Planted Species Summary
Table 6: Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary
Table 7a. Stem Count Total and Planted by Plot Species
Table 7b. Random Vegetation Monitoring Plot Data

Appendix D: Stream Measurement and Geomorphology Data
MY3 Cross-Section Overlay Plots
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 9. Cross Section Morphology Data Table

Appendix E: Hydrology Data
Table 10. 2022 Rainfall Summary
Table 11. Documentation of Geomorphically Significant Flow Events

Appendix F: Water Quality Data
Table 12. Annual Data Collection (MY3)
Table 13. Physical Water Quality Data Summary
Table 14. Nutrient/Bacteria Water Quality Data Summary
Table 15. Biological Water Quality Data Summary
Carolina Bison 1 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

1.0 Project Summary
1.1 Project Location and Description
The Carolina Bison Mitigation Site (“the Project”), a project within the RES French Broad 05 Umbrella
Mitigation Bank, is located in Buncombe County, North Carolina approximately two miles northeast of
Leicester. Water quality stressors currently affecting the Project include livestock production and lack of
riparian buffer. The Project presents 4,768 linear feet (LF) of stream restoration and enhancement,
generating 4,675 Cool Stream Mitigation Units (SMU) along Parker Branch and two unnamed tributaries,
supporting goals of the French Broad River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP).

The Project is in the French Broad River Basin within Cataloging Unit 06010105, targeted local watershed
(TLW) Newfound Creek Watershed (14-digit HUC 06010105090020). The proposed mitigation site will
restore and protect a catchment within the Newfound watershed, which discharges directly into the French
Broad River.

The Project’s total easement area is 10.92 acres within the overall drainage area of 457 acres. The Project
is currently used as a bison farm, where American Bison are raised for meat production alongside watusi,
camels, elk, and white-tailed deer. Grazing livestock have had access to all stream reaches within the
Project. The lack of riparian buffer vegetation, deep-rooted vegetation, and unstable channel characteristics
have contributed to the degradation of stream banks throughout the Project area.

The stream design approach for the Project combined the analog method of natural channel design with
analytical methods to evaluate stream flows and hydraulic performance of the channel and floodplain. The
analog method involved the use of a reference reach, or “template” stream, adjacent to, nearby, or
previously in the same location as the design reach. The template parameters of the analog reach were
replicated to create the features of the design reach. The analog approach is useful when watershed and
boundary conditions are similar between the design and analog reaches (Skidmore et al., 2001). Hydraulic
geometry was developed using analytical methods to identify the design discharge.

The Project will be monitored on a regular basis throughout the seven-year post-construction monitoring
period, or until performance standards are met. Upon approval for closeout by the Interagency Review
Team (IRT), the site will be transferred to Unique Places to Save (UP2S). This party shall serve as
conservation easement holder and long-term steward for the property and will conduct periodic inspection
of the site to ensure that restrictions required in the conservation easement are upheld. Endowment funds
required to uphold easement and deed restrictions will be finalized prior to site transfer to the responsible
party.

1.2 Project Goals and Objectives
Through the comprehensive analysis of the Project’s maximum functional uplift using a Function Based
Framework, specific, attainable goals will be realized by the Carolina Bison Mitigation Site. These goals
clearly address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major
watershed stressors in the 2009 French Broad RBRP.

The project goals are:
Reduce sediment inputs into streams;
Reduce nutrient and fecal coliform inputs into streams;
Improve aquatic and terrestrial habitat;
Improve floodplain connectivity;
Carolina Bison 2 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Restore and enhance appropriate riparian plant communities;
Assess water quality benefits of stream restoration and contribute to the IRTs developing water
quality dataset.

The project goals were addressed through the following project objectives:
Designed and reconstructed stream channels that convey bankfull flows while maintaining stable
dimension, profile, and planform based on modeling, watershed conditions, and reference reach
conditions;
Permanently excluded livestock from stream channels and their associated buffers;
Added in-stream structures and bank stabilization measures to protect restored and enhanced
streams
Installed habitat features such as brush toes, constructed riffles, woody materials, and pools of
varying depths to restored and enhanced streams;
Reduced bank height ratios and increased entrenchment ratios to reference reach conditions;
Increased forested riparian buffers to at least thirty feet on both sides of the channel along the
Project reaches with a hardwood riparian plant community;
Treated exotic invasive species;
Established a permanent conservation easement on the site;
Performed water quality measurements/sampling and reported results.

Limitations to achieving these watershed goals arise by remaining constrained to our project boundaries.
While we restored habitat and streams to stable and effective conditions that achieve our goals within the
project parcels, we are unable to influence the effect of poor riparian buffers and livestock impact in other
areas within the watershed.

1.3 Project Success Criteria
The Site follows the USACE 2003 Stream Mitigation Guidelines and the “Wilmington District Stream and
Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update” dated October 24, 2016. Cross section and vegetation plot data
will be collected in Years 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Stream hydrology data and visual monitoring will be reported
annually. Physical and chemical water quality parameters will be reported annually, while biological
parameters will be reported in Years 0, 3, 5, and 7.

Stream Success Criteria
Four bankfull flow events must be documented within the seven-year monitoring period. The bankfull
events must occur in separate years. Otherwise, the stream monitoring will continue until four bankfull
events have been documented in separate years.
There should be little change in as-built cross-sections. If changes do take place, they should be evaluated
to determine if they represent a movement toward a less stable condition (for example down-cutting or
erosion), or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability (for example settling, vegetative
changes, deposition along the banks, or decrease in width/depth ratio). Bank height ratio shall not exceed
1.2, and the entrenchment ratio shall be no less than 1.4 within restored riffle cross sections. Channel
stability should be demonstrated through a minimum of four bankfull events documented in the seven-year
monitoring period.

Digital images will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or degradation, bank erosion,
success of riparian vegetation, and effectiveness of erosion control measures. Longitudinal images should
not indicate the absence of developing bars within the channel or an excessive increase in channel depth.
Carolina Bison 3 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Lateral images should not indicate excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the banks over time. A
series of images over time should indicate successional maturation of riparian vegetation.
Vegetation Success Criteria
Specific and measurable success criteria for plant density within the riparian buffers on the site will follow
IRT Guidance. Vegetation monitoring plots will be a minimum of 0.02 acres in size and cover a minimum
of two percent of the planted area. Vegetation monitoring will occur annually between July 15 and leaf
drop and will include a combination of fixed and random plots. The interim measures of vegetative success
for the site will be the survival of at least 320 planted three-year old trees per acre at the end of Year 3,
260 five-year old trees with an average height of six feet at the end of Year 5, and the final vegetative
success criteria will be 210 trees per acre with an average height of eight feet at the end of Year 7.
Volunteer trees will be counted, identified to species, and included in the yearly monitoring reports, but
will not be counted towards the success criteria of total planted stems.

Water Quality
Water quality and macroinvertebrate indicators will be monitored to document and measure any changes
to physical, chemical, and biological metrics within the project area. These metrics are sensitive to changes
in the project watershed (e.g. land use change and pollutant inputs) and more localized modifications, such
as in-stream habitat improvements and riparian buffer restoration. However, because results might not
demonstrate a measurable improvement over pre-construction conditions, or measurable improvements
may occur slowly, the success of the project will not be tied to these metrics.
Physical water quality sampling was conducted prior to construction and will be for the duration of the
monitoring period using a sampling probe, and will include measurements of acidity (pH), temperature,
dissolved oxygen (DO), and conductivity (EC). Specifically, these measurements will be taken four times
per monitoring year. Additionally, once per year, fecal coliform, total nitrate/nitrite, Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus, and total ammonia samples will be collected. All these data will be
reported annually.

Macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted prior to construction and will be once per year during
monitoring Years 3, 5, and 7. A reference location was also sampled for comparison purposes, located on
a relatively stable reach in an undisturbed setting, located as close to the mitigation site as possible, and
within the same watershed. Results presented will include a list of taxa collected at each site for each
sampling event, as well as an enumeration of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa
and a Biotic Index (see the NCDWR Standard Operating Procedures for Collection and Analysis of Benthic
Macroinvertebrates). Each report will include a summary of the current results and all past monitoring
events in tabular format.

1.4 Project Components
The Project area is comprised of perennial streams, Parker Branch and two unnamed tributaries on a
working American Bison farm and is comprised of nine fenced easement sections, separated by easement
breaks. Descriptions of easement breaks are discussed below. There are six stream reaches, including Parker
Branch (PB1-A, PB1-B, PB1-C, and PB2) and two unnamed tributaries (UT1 and UT2), divided by
treatment type and/or changes in flow. The stream mitigation components are summarized below.
Mitigation credits presented below are based upon the Approved Mitigation Plan. To account for areas of
more or less than minimum 30-foot buffer widths, credits were adjusted using the USACE Wilmington
District Stream Buffer Credit Calculator.
Carolina Bison 4 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Although there are no specific success criteria metrics for water quality and macroinvertebrate monitoring,
both will be monitored and reported as specified in the 2016 Wilmington District Stream and Wetland
Compensatory Mitigation Update in order to generate an additional two percent credit. A proposed variation
on the protocols in the 2016 Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update
was provided to the IRT and agreed upon and was outlined in Section 1.3 above. This credit will be
generated on all restoration reaches (PB1, PB2, and UT1) and will not be generated on reach UT2.
Due to landowner and utility requirements, there are eight easement breaks within the project. One break
is for an existing utility easement; fencing will be installed across the utility easement in order to provide
contiguous livestock exclusion to the stream. The other seven are locations for current or future agricultural
crossings. These easement breaks will allow landowners to continue current land-use and access throughout
the property as needed.
Mitigation Plan Credits
Existing Proposed
Mitigation
Reach Mitigation Type Proposed Stationing Length Length SMUs
Ratio
(LF) (LF)
69
Restoration 0+11 to 0+90 791.0:1 79
514
PB1-A Restoration 1+34 to 6+54 520 1.0:1 520
421
Restoration 6+84 to 11+05 421 1.0:1 421
254
PB1-B Restoration 11+68 to 14+23 255 1.0:1 255
552
Restoration 14+23 to 20+30 607 1.0:1 607
PB1-C
342
Restoration 20+70 to 23+55 285 1.0:1 285
439
Restoration 23+55 to 27+34 379 1.0:1 379
PB2
498
Restoration 27+74 to 33+02 528 1.0:1 528
262
Restoration 1+35 to 4+15 280 1.0:1 280
809
Restoration 4+45 to 13+14 869 1.0:1 869
UT1
287
Restoration 13+44 to 16+42 298 1.0:1 298
157
Restoration 16+83 to 18+83 200 1.0:1 200
47
UT2 Enhancement II 0+89 to 1+36 472.5:1 19

Totals 4,651 4,768 4,740
*
Non-Standard Buffer Width Adjustment -159
†
Water Quality Monitoring Adjustment 94
Total Adjusted SMUs 4,675
* Credit adjustment for Non-standard Buffer Width calculation using the Wilmington District Stream Buffer Credit
Calculator issued by the USACE in January 2018. See section 6.6 of the Carolina Bison Final Mitigation Plan for
further information.
† Additional two percent credit on reaches conducting water quality and macroinvertebrate monitoring protocols
specified in the 2016 Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update. See section 6.7 of
the Carolina Bison Final Mitigation Plan for further information.

1.5 Stream Design/Approach
Stream restoration efforts at the Carolina Bison Site were accomplished through analyses of geomorphic
conditions and watershed characteristics. The design approach applied a combination of analytical and
reference reach-based design methods that meet objectives commensurate with both ecological and
geomorphic improvements. Treatment activities ranged from minor bank grading and planting to re-
establishing stable planform and hydraulic geometry. For full restoration reaches, natural design concepts
Carolina Bison 5 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

were applied and verified through rigorous engineering analyses and modeling. The objective of this
approach was to design and construct a channel with stable geomorphology that provides habitat
improvements and ties into the existing landscape. Specifically, treatments included Priority 1 Restoration,
Priority 2 Restoration, and Enhancement Level II.

The Carolina Bison Mitigation Site has been broken into the following reaches:

Reach PB1-A/B/C – These three reaches begin on the north end of the project, flowing south to join UT1
and create PB2, downstream of their confluence. PB1-A results in 1,020 linear feet of Restoration. This
reach was incised and did not have connectivity to the floodplain. Slopes were constructed between 1% to
1.3% with offline restoration and tied back into the bedrock outcroppings within the pre-existing channel.
PB1-B is 255 linear feet and was also incised and over widened pre-construction. Design and construction
constraints within this reach included the large livestock pen on the left bank and a path that was to be
retained on the right. Within reach PB1-B, design and construction included adding appropriate meander,
raising the bed, and cutting in a floodplain bench while maintaining the 1% grade. PB1-C, like PB1-A, had
less constraints for design and similar restoration activities were performed. PC1-C is 892 linear feet,
joining UT1, and flows east as PB2.
Reach PB2 - This reach begins downstream of the confluence of UT1, flowing east, eventually off the
project site. PB2 is 907 linear feet of Restoration. Prior to construction, this reach had very low bed and
bank stability due to direct livestock access and lack of riparian understory. The larger drainage area of
Reach PB2 had resulted in a wider channel. There is a path on both sides of Parker Branch, but they are just
outside the project easement.
Reach UT1 - This tributary begins just west of the project limits from a groundwater seep. Reach UT1
flows east to Parker Branch and totals 1,647 linear feet of Restoration. Sparse woodland and actively
managed pastures were located adjacent to the reach, and livestock had access to this reach. The channel
was designed and constructed to be around 2.25% grade. Additionally, there is a steep slope to the south of
the reach.
Reach UT2 – This reach begins in the middle of the project, flowing northeast into UT1. This reach totals
47 linear feet of Enhancement II. Prior to Project construction, UT2 had little to no livestock access but was
still oversized and incised. Actively managed pasture was located adjacent to the reach. Enhancement
activities included stable reconnection to UT1 and buffer re-establishment, and a rock sill grade control
structure was installed at the tie-in with UT1.

1.6 Construction and As-Built Conditions
Stream construction and planting was completed in March 2020 despite abnormally high rainfall that caused
delays. The Carolina Bison Mitigation Site was built to design plans and guidelines barring a few
deviations, including several crossing types changes, the substitution of riprap swales for diffused flow
structures, and the addition of stone toe bank protection. Also, notably, due to weather delays and setbacks,
the fencing was not completed during construction; however, all livestock have been removed from the
project area and do not have access to the Project streams or easement area. Notable changes at the Project
are discussed below.

Carolina Bison 6 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Easement Breaks and Crossings – Proposed vs. As-Built
Reach Stationing Proposed Mitigation Plan As-Built Condition
PB1-A 0+90 to 1+34 Utility Easement Utility Easement
PB1-A 6+54 to 6+84 24 LF of Double 54" RCP Riffle Grade Control installed
PB1-A 11+05 to 11+68 48 LF of 54" and 48" RCP 48 LF of Double 48" RCP
PB1-C 20+30 to 20+70 24 LF of Double 54" RCP No crossing installed
PB2 27+34 to 27+74 Future bridge location Future bridge location
UT1 4+15 to 4+45 Remove 30" RCP Removed 30" RCP
UT1 13+15 to13+45 24 LF of Double 36" RCP Ford installed
UT1 16+42 to 16+83 24 LF of Double 54" RCP Riffle Grade Control installed
Note: Entire easement boundary will be fenced.
The Diffuse Flow Structures proposed on reaches PB1-A and UT1 were substituted for Riprap Swales to
address erosional forces in these areas. In addition, several other small riprap swales were installed
throughout the Project upon discovery of rills and erosional areas resulting from concentrated runoff during
construction.

All areas mentioned above are identified on the as-built survey, which is included along with a redline
version of the as-built survey, in the As-Built Report. Project credits are based on design centerline, but as-
built stream lengths are shown on Appendix A, Table 1.

Also, there were several bare root planting changes compared to the mitigation plan due to bare root
availability. Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) and musclewood (Carpinus carolinia) were removed, while willow
oak (Quercus phellos), black walnut (Juglans nigra), southern crabapple (Malus angustifolia), eastern
redbud (Cercis canadensis), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), American
plum (Prunus Americana), and hazel alder (Alnus serrulata) were added. See Appendix C, Table 5 for the
complete as-built planted species list.

1.7 Year 3 Monitoring Performance (MY3)
The Carolina Bison Year 3 Monitoring (MY3) activities were performed in June and September 2022. All
MY3 Monitoring data is present below and in the appendices. The Site is on track to meeting vegetation
and stream interim success criteria.

Vegetation
Monitoring of the six permanent vegetation plots and three random plots was completed in September 2022.
Vegetation data can be found in Appendix C, associated photos are in Appendix B, and plot locations are
in Appendix B. MY3 monitoring data indicates that all plots are exceeding the interim success criteria of
320 planted stems per acre. Planted stem densities ranged from 324 to 1,133 planted stems per acre with a
mean of 735 across the six permanent plots, while planted stem densities ranged from 526 to 769 planted
stems per acre with a mean of 661 across the three random plots. An average of 710 planted stems per acre
were recorded across both permanent and random plots. A total of 13 species were documented within the
plots. Volunteer species were noted in six of the plots, with an average of 103 volunteer stems per acre. The
average stem height across all vegetation plots was 4.3 feet.

Carolina Bison 7 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Visual assessment of vegetation outside of the monitoring plots indicates that the herbaceous vegetation is
becoming well established throughout the project. Additionally, in MY3, RES continued removing black
walnut and crabapple stems throughout the site. Since these species make up such a small percentage of
species composition RES does not anticipate needing replanting in areas of removal. In August 2022, RES
treated invasives across the site including Chinese privet, multiflora rose and nuisance in-stream vegetation.
No further encroachments have been recorded along UT1, due to the size of the area previously encroached
RES doesn’t believe supplemental planting is necessary at this time. Additional easement signs will be
added this winter of 2022/2023.

Stream Geomorphology
Geomorphology data for MY3 was collected during June 2022. Summary tables and cross section plots are
in Appendix D. Overall, the Year 3 cross sections on the restoration reaches relatively match the as-built
conditions. The MY3 conditions show that shear stress and velocities have been reduced for all restoration
reaches. All reaches were designed as gravel bed channels and remain as such.

Visual assessment of the stream channel was performed to document signs of instability, such as eroding
banks, structural instability, or excessive sedimentation. The channel is transporting sediment as designed
and will continue to be monitored for aggradation and degradation. The rip rap swale on the left bank of
PB1-A, that was failing in MY1, has been fixed. The swale is heavily vegetated and continuing to maintain
its structure and is performing properly. Photo documentation can be found in Appendix B. Cross sections
13 and 14 appear to be filling in, these cross sections were heavily impacted by in-stream vegetation leading
to increased deposition. In-stream vegetation was treated in August 2022, these cross sections will be
monitored again next year and will determine whether any additional actions need to occur.

Stream Hydrology
In May 2020, one stage recorder was installed per restoration reach; PB1-C, PB2, and UT1, for a total of
three stage recorders. There were 15 total bankfull events recorded in MY3, seven on PB1-C, three on PB2,
and five on UT1. The stage recorder locations can be found on Figure 2, photos are in Appendix B, and
associated data is in Appendix E.

Water Quality
Physical water quality data (pH, temperature, DO, and conductivity) were collected during MY3 in the
winter (December 07, 2021), spring (May 11, 2022), and summer (June 14, 2022) on the restored tributaries
at the five sampling locations represented on Figure 2. Additional physical water quality data and
nutrient/bacteria was collected at the end of 2021 and again on September 13, 2022. All data collected so
far for the year as well as summaries of current results and all past water quality monitoring events are
presented in tabular format in Appendix F. Furthermore, RES expects to collect a full suite of data in the
coming monitoring years in accordance with the plan outlined in Section 1.3, above.

Nutrient and Bacteria data has been collected annually since monitoring year two, no samples were taken
at As-Built and during monitoring year one due to the affect construction would have. Across the site, Total
Nitrogen has decreased at all sampling stations. Total Kjeldahal Nitrogen, NO2 plus NO3, and Total
Phosphorus have decreased overall from pre construction (2019) to MY3 (2022). Fecal Coliform levels
have varied across the site through the monitoring years. As the riparian zones continue to mature, we hope
to see declines in nutrient and coliform levels. Nutrient and Bacteria sampling will be collected annually
for the remainder of the monitoring period. Overall, the data clearly illustrates improvements between sites
located lower in the watershed versus those sites near the headwater sections.
Carolina Bison 8 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

Benthic macroinvertebrates have been collected from three locations as part of the Carolina Bison
restoration project; preconstruction in 2019 and the first survey following construction in 2022. The stream
features are small and a modification of the full scale collection protocol was used at all locations. Data
from each location noted improvements in the benthic fauna following construction and wetland creation.
Most significantly the data from the upstream location (PB1a) improved from a Poor bioclassification to a
Good/Fair bioclassification resulting in ecological uplift. EPT taxa richness and abundance, as well as the
number of intolerant taxa all increased at each location. No seasonal correction has been applied since
collection timing has remained consistent across the monitoring period.
2.0 Methods
Stream geomorphology monitoring was conducted using a Topcon GTS-312 Total Station. Three-
dimensional coordinates associated with cross-section data were collected in the field (NAD83 State Plane
feet FIPS 3200). Morphological data were collected at 20 cross-sections. Survey data were imported into
®®
CAD, ArcGIS, and Microsoft Excel for data processing and analysis.

Hydrology is being monitored using stage recorders, which utilize automatic pressure transducers, and were
installed within the channels. The pressure transducers record frequency, duration, and stage of bankfull
events and are programmed to record readings at an hourly interval. A surveyed elevation was recorded at
the bed and top of bank at the stage recorder elevation, allowing for accurate bankfull events to be recorded.

Vegetation success is being monitored at six permanent monitoring plots and three random plots for a total
of nine plots. Locations of random plots will vary from year to year and will be shown in Figure 2, and
species and height will be recorded for all woody stems. Vegetation plot monitoring follows the CVS-EEP
Level 2 Protocol for Recording Vegetation, version 4.2 (Lee et al. 2008) and includes analysis of species
composition and density of planted species. Data are processed using the CVS data entry tool. In the field,
the four corners of each plot were permanently marked with PVC at the origin and metal conduit at the
other corners. Photos of each plot are to be taken from the origin each monitoring year.

For physical water quality monitoring, acidity (pH), temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity is
being measured using an ExStik DO 600 dissolved oxygen meter and an ExStik EC 500
Conductivity/TDS/Salinity/Temperature meter in accordance with the devices manufacturer’s
instructions/protocols.

For chemical water quality, fecal coliform, total nitrate/nitrite, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), total
phosphorus, and total ammonia is being collected by Penrose Environmental and delivered to the Pace
Laboratory in Asheville for analysis.

For macroinvertebrate monitoring, Penrose Environmental is collecting and analyzing samples. The
macroinvertebrate sampling is being conducted in accordance with the NCDWR Qual 4 macroinvertebrate
sampling protocol, which is described in the most current version of the Standard Operating Procedures
for Collection and Analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrates, February 2016 (Version 5.0). Sampling is being
conducted during the same time of year to minimize seasonal differences in the data from year-to-year.
Additionally, sampling will be conducted at the same time as water quality monitoring (pre-construction
and years 3,5,7), and within the index period referenced in the North Carolina Division of Water Resources
(NCDWR) document entitled Small Streams Biocriteria Development, dated May 29, 2009.
Macroinvertebrate samples are identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level (usually Genus) by a
qualified. Results presented include a list of taxa collected at each site for each sampling event, as well as
an enumeration of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa and a Biotic Index (see the
Carolina Bison 9 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

NCDWR Standard Operating Procedures for Collection and Analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrates). Each
report includes a summary of the current results and all past monitoring events in tabular format.
3.0 References
Harman, W., R. Starr, M. Carter, K. Tweedy, M. Clemmons, K. Suggs, C. Miller. 2012. A Function-
Based Framework for Stream Assessment and Restoration Projects. US Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Washington, DC EPA 843-K-12-006.

Lee Michael T., Peet Robert K., Roberts Steven D., and Wentworth Thomas R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol
for Recording Vegetation Level. Version 4.2

North Carolina Division of Water Resources. February 2016. Standard Operating Procedures for the
Collection and Analysis of Benthic Maroinvertebrates. North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality.

Peet, R.K., Wentworth, T.S., and White, P.S. (1998), A flexible, multipurpose method for recording
vegetation composition and structure. Castanea 63:262-274

Penrose Environmental. April 2019 (Revised April 2020) Benthic Insect Summary. Carolina Bison
Project.

Resource Environmental Solutions. 2019. Carolina Bison Stream Mitigation Site Final Mitigation Plan.

Rosgen, D. 1996. Applied River Morphology, 2nd edition, Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO.

US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2003. April 2003 NC Stream Mitigation Guidelines.

USACE. 2016. Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update.
Carolina Bison 10 Year 3 Monitoring Report
Stream Mitigation Site October 2022

g
Full Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation
EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent
Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock,
Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of
Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer,
Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementFull Channel Restoration, Planted
Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation EasementExclusion of Livestock, Permanent Conservation Easement, Supplemental Plantin
Non-RipCoastalWetlandMarsh
Components
and
Assets
RiverineNon-Riv
Mitigation
Bison
18.800
Carolina
4721.000
StreamRiparian Wetland
1.
94
331
-490
Table
orFootage orMitigationRestorationPriorityMitigationPlanFootage or
WarmCoolCold
4739.8004674.800
ExistingMitigation
FootagePlanMitigationAs-Built
Project SegmentAcreageAcreageCategoryLevelLevelRatio (X:1)CreditsAcreageComments
Restoration Level
Credits
Project
PB1-A6979CoolR11.0000079.00079PB1-A514520CoolR11.00000520.000520PB1-A421421CoolR11.00000421.000421PB1-B254255CoolR11.00000255.000255PB1-C552607CoolR11.00000607.000607PB1-C342285CoolR11.00000285.00028
5PB2439379CoolR11.00000379.000379PB2498528CoolR11.00000528.000528UT1262280CoolR11.00000280.000280UT1809869CoolR11.00000869.000869UT1287298CoolR11.00000298.000298UT1157200CoolR11.00000200.000200UT2474
7CoolEIINA2.5000018.80047 TotalCredit Loss in BufferCredit Gain in BufferCredit Gain for Water Quality MonitoringTotal Adjusted SMUs
RestorationRe-establishmentRehabilitationEnhancementEnhancement IEnhancement IICreationPreservation

Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site
Elapsed Time Since grading complete:1 year 9 months
Elapsed Time Since planting complete:1 year 8 months
1
Number of reporting Years:
2
Data Collection Completion or
Activity or DeliverableCompleteDelivery
Restoration PlanNAMar-19
Final Design Î Construction PlansNAAug-19
Stream ConstructionNAFeb-20
Site PlantingNAMar-20
As-built (Year 0 Monitoring Î baseline)May-20Jun-20
Year 1 MonitoringOct-20Dec-20
Supplemental PlantingNAFeb-21
Swale RepairNAFeb-21
XS: Jul-21
Year 2 MonitoringNov-21
VP: Oct-21
Invasive Vegetation TreatmentNAAug-22
Year 3 Monitoring
XS: Jun-22
Oct-22
VP: Sep-22
Year 4 Monitoring
Year 5 Monitoring
Year 6 Monitoring
Year 7 Monitoring
1 = The number of reports or data points produced excluding the baseline

Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site
RES / 3600 Glenwood Avenue, Suite 100, Raleigh, North
Designer
Carolina 27612.
Primary project design POCFrasier Mullen
Wright Contracting, LLC / 453 Silk Hope Liberty Rd, Siler City,
Construction Contractor
NC 27344
Construction contractor POCJoe Wright
Kee Mapping & Surveying / 88 Central Ave., Asheville, NC
Survey Contractor
28801
Survey contractor POCNick Haase
H&J Forestry
Planting Contractor
Planting contractor POCMatt Hitch
RES / 3600 Glenwood Avenue, Suite 100, Raleigh, North
Monitoring Performers
Carolina 27612.
Stream Monitoring POCDaniel Dixon [phone]
Vegetation Monitoring POCDaniel Dixon [phone]

Table 4. Project Background Information
Project NameCarolina Bison
CountyBuncombe
Project Area (acres) 10.92
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude)Latitude: 35.671107 N Longitude: -82.669235 W
Planted Acreage (Acres of Woody Stems Planted)10.23
Project Watershed Summary Information
Physiographic ProvinceMountains
River BasinFrench Broad
USGS Hydrologic Unit 14-digit06010105090020
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit6010105
DWR Sub-basin04-03-02
2
Project Drainage Area (Acres and Square Miles)
457 ac (0.714 mi)
Project Drainage Area Percentage of Impervious Area 1%
CGIA Land Use ClassificationAgriculture (58.3%), Residential (22.4%), Forest (18.2%), Impervious (1.1%)
Reach Summary Information
Parameters PB1-APB1-BPB1-CPB2UT1UT2
Length of reach (linear feet) (designed)
1020255892907164747
Moderately
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined, unconfined)
UnconfinedUnconfinedUnconfinedUnconfinedUnconfined
Confined
Drainage area (Acres)
23726327645712766
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
PPPPPP
NCDWR Water Quality Classification
CCCCCC
Stream Classification (existing)
C5E5E5B5cE5/6bF5/6b
Stream Classification (proposed)
C4C4B4cE4E4---
Evolutionary trend (Simon) (existing)
IVIVIVIIIIIIIII
FEMA classification
NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone
Regulatory Considerations
Supporting
ParametersApplicable?Resolved?
Docs?
SAW-2016-
Water of the United States - Section 404YesYes
02357
DWR # 18-
Water of the United States - Section 401YesYes
0063
USFWS
Endangered Species ActYesYes
(8/2/2018
Letter)
SHPO
Historic Preservation ActYesYes
(2/28/18
Letter)
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA or CAMA)NoN/A
N/A
FEMA Floodplain ComplianceNoN/A
N/A
Essential Fisheries HabitatNoN/A
N/A

Legend
Conservation Easement
Date: 3/31/2020
Figure 1 - Site Location Map
Drawn by: MDD
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site
©
Checked by: BPB
05001,000
Buncombe County, North Carolina
1 inch = 1,000 feet
Feet

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dxm.2202 3YM VPCC nosiB\\2202_3YM\\gnirotinoM\\DXM\\nosiB aniloraC\\CN\\stcejorP_BD\\stcejorPdlO_\\stcejorP\\sigtne\\sigseR\\:R :htaP tnemucoD

Carolina Bison MY3 Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos (09/13/2022)

Vegetation Plot 1 Vegetation Plot 2

Vegetation Plot 3 Vegetation Plot 4

Vegetation Plot 5 Vegetation Plot 6

Random Vegetation Plot 1 Random Vegetation Plot 2

Random Vegetation Plot 3

Carolina Bison MY3 Monitoring Device Photos (09/13/2022)

Stage Recorder (UT1)

Stage Recorder (PB1-C)

Stage Recorder (PB2)

Carolina Bison MY3 Crossing and Swale Photos (09/13/2022)

Culvert Crossing Upstream (PB1)

Culvert Crossing Downstream(PB1)

Ford Crossing (UT1)

Swale (PB1a)

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-A -Cross Section 1 -Pool -(Restoration)
2056
2055
2054
2053
Elevation (ft)
2052
2051
2050
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 1 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2051.912052.22052.2
2052.1
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
5.55.94.8
5.3
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
1.51.61.9
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.9
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
5.45.45.8
)6.6
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-A -Cross Section 2 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2056
2055
2054
2053
Elevation (ft)
2052
2051
2050
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
Low Bank Height 3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 2 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2052.012052.12052.3
2052.2
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.510.28.6
Bankfull Width (ft)8.9
1
>49.9>47.5>49.9
Floodprone Width (ft)>49.2
2
1.31.21.5
1.4
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2052.012052.12052.3
2052.3
22
5.95.96.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)6.5
1
>6.7>4.9>5.8
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>5.5
1
1.01.01.0
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1.0

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-A -Cross Section 3 -Pool -(Restoration)
2048
2047
2046
2045
Elevation (ft)
2044
2043
2042
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 3 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2044.722044.72044.5
2045.0
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.16.65.6
Bankfull Width (ft)5.7
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
2.52.52.6
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.8
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
9.09.011.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)10.7
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-A -Cross Section 4 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2048
2047
2046
2045
Elevation (ft)
2044
2043
2042
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 4 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2044.352044.32044.4
2044.4
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.47.35.0
Bankfull Width (ft)6.7
1
>36.4>36.7>37.6
>37.0
Floodprone Width (ft)
2
0.90.81.1
1.2
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2044.352044.62044.4
2044.7
22
3.73.73.8
5.7
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
1
>4.9>6.9>7.6
>5.5
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio
1
1.01.21.0
1.3
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-B -Cross Section 5 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2038
2037
2036
2035
Elevation (ft)
2034
2033
2032
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 5 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2034.472034.62034.7
2034.5
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
9.410.210.2
Bankfull Width (ft)9.2
1
>42.4>42.9>43.8
Floodprone Width (ft)>42.8
2
1.81.92.1
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2034.472034.52034.7
2034.6
22
9.49.49.6
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
10.6
1
>4.5>4.9>4.3
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>4.7
1
1.01.01.0
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1.1

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bridge -Reach PB1-B -Cross Section 6 -Pool -(Restoration)
2038
2037
2036
2035
Elevation (ft)
2034
2033
2032
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 6 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2034.462034.52034.7
2034.5
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
8.29.29.6
9.1
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
---
-
Floodprone Width (ft)
2
1.61.61.5
1.8
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
8.08.07.1
8.5
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
1
---
-
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio
1
---
-
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-C -Cross Section 7 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2035
2034
2033
2032
Elevation (ft)
2031
2030
2029
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 7 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2030.982031.12031.1
2031.2
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
8.28.68.0
8.8
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
>34.6>35.8>37.7
Floodprone Width (ft)>35.8
2
1.01.11.3
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.2
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2030.982031.22031.1
2031.3
22
5.55.55.3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)5.9
1
>4.2>5.8>4.7
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>4.1
1
1.01.01.0
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1.0

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB1-C -Cross Section 8 -Pool -(Restoration)
2034
2033
2032
2031
Elevation (ft)
2030
2029
2028
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 8 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2030.822031.02031.0
2031.1
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.58.27.1
Bankfull Width (ft)10.4
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)
-
2
2.32.42.4
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.4
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
10.010.09.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
9.3
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach UT1 -Cross Section 9 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2065
2064
2063
2062
Elevation (ft)
2061
2060
2059
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 9 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2061.772061.82062.2
2061.9
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
5.65.45.0
Bankfull Width (ft)6.0
1
>36.7>34.6>42.6
>32.2
Floodprone Width (ft)
2
1.91.81.8
1.7
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2061.772061.92061.9
2031.8
22
5.55.54.2
5.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
1
>6.6>9.3>8.5
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>5.4
1
1.01.00.9
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1.0

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach UT1 -Cross Section 10 -Pool -(Restoration)
2066
2065
2064
2063
Elevation (ft)
2062
2061
2060
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 10 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2061.612061.72061.9
2061.8
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
4.95.55.7
Bankfull Width (ft)6.4
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
1.00.90.8
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)0.8
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
3.03.02.1
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)2.5
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
-
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach UT1 -Cross Section 11 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2054
2053
2052
2051
Elevation (ft)
2050
2049
2048
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 11 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2049.232049.32049.3
2049.3
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
6.28.87.1
Bankfull Width (ft)7.6
1
32.331.533.1
Floodprone Width (ft)30.9
2
1.11.01.2
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2049.232049.32049.3
2049.2
22
4.44.44.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)4.0
1
5.25.74.7
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 4.0
1
1.00.91.0
0.9
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach UT1 -Cross Section 12 -Pool -(Restoration)
2053
2052
2051
2050
Elevation (ft)
2049
2048
2047
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 12 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2048.852048.92049.0
2048.9
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
6.36.97.3
Bankfull Width (ft)6.9
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
1.71.82.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.9
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
5.65.65.3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)5.5
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach UT1 -Cross Section 13 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2029
2028
2027
2026
Elevation (ft)
2025
2024
2023
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 13 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2025.132025.22025.9
2025.47
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
6.87.410.0
8.2
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
31.036.449.5
42.2
Floodprone Width (ft)
2
0.70.70.5
0.9
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2025.132025.22025.8
2025.6
22
3.23.21.9
4.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
1
4.66.85.0
5.1
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio
1
1.01.00.8
1.2
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach UT1 -Cross Section 14 -Pool -(Restoration)
2029
2028
2027
2026
Elevation (ft)
2025
2024
2023
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 14 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2025.242025.42026.0
2025.635
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.78.811.6
Bankfull Width (ft)12.4
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
1.31.40.6
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
5.65.62.5
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)4.6
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach PB2 -Cross Section 15 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2026
2025
2024
2023
Elevation (ft)
2022
2021
2020
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 15 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2021.872022.02022.1
2022.1
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
10.010.411.3
Bankfull Width (ft)10.1
1
>49.7>49.9>49.8
Floodprone Width (ft)>50.1
2
1.01.01.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2021.872022.12022.0
2022.073
22
6.96.95.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)6.5
1
>5.0>4.8>4.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>5.0
1
1.01.10.9
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1.0

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison -Reach PB2 -Cross Section 16 -Pool -(Restoration)
2025
2024
2023
2022
Elevation (ft)
2021
2020
2019
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 16 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2021.942022.12022.3
2022.25
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
9.610.311.1
Bankfull Width (ft)9.8
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
2.12.22.3
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
12.512.511.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)10.4
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach PB2 -Cross Section 17 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2023
2022
2021
2020
Elevation (ft)
2019
2018
2017
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 17 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2019.082019.22019.3
2019.3
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
11.612.311.5
12.4
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
>49.4>48.9>49.5
Floodprone Width (ft)>49.7
2
1.01.01.2
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2019.082019.12019.2
2019.2
22
8.78.78.4
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)7.7
1
>4.3>4.1>4.3
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio>4.0
1
1.00.91.0
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 0.9

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach PB2 -Cross Section 18 -Pool -(Restoration)
2022
2021
2020
2019
Elevation (ft)
2018
2017
2016
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 18 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2018.772018.92019.1
2018.9
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
7.98.210.2
Bankfull Width (ft)8.9
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
2.22.32.4
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.7
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
11.011.010.7
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)14.1
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach PB2 -Cross Section 19 -Pool -(Restoration)
2016
2015
2014
2013
Elevation (ft)
2012
2011
2010
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021MY3-2022Approx. BankfullLow Bank Height
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Cross Section 19 (Pool)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
2013.672014.02013.7
2014.1
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
1
9.310.77.6
Bankfull Width (ft)9.5
1
---
Floodprone Width (ft)-
2
2.93.02.9
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
2.7
Low Bank Elevation (ft)---
-
22
14.714.713.3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)11.6
1
---
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio-
1
---
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio
-

UpstreamDownstream
Carolina Bison-Reach PB2 -Cross Section 20 -Riffle -(Restoration)
2017
2016
2015
2014
Elevation (ft)
2013
2012
2011
036912151821242730333639424548
Distance (ft)
MY0-2019MY1-2020MY2-2021
MY3-2022Approx. BankfullFloodprone Area
3X Vertical Exaggeration
Low Bank Height
Cross Section 20 (Riffle)
MY0MY1MY2MY3MY5MY7MY+
1
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA
2013.402013.6 2013.525 2013.5
1
10.611.6 12.5 10.9
Bankfull Width (ft)
1
>46.5>45.9>46.1>47.5
Floodprone Width (ft)
2
1.61.5 1.5 1.7
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Low Bank Elevation (ft)2013.402013.6 2013.5 2013.6
22
11.011.0 10.3 11.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft)
1
>4.4>4.3>3.7>4.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio
1
1.01.0 1.0 1.0
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio

n
5
---------------
---------------
0.013---
6---174.813.18.854.811.1293---61.411.712.527.36.4278---3124.937.037.262.38.826
---------0.00080.02410.02110.06820.014629---------------------------
nMinMedMaxMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------------
------
261668
------------------------------
638
------

nMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------
------------
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site - Reach PB1-A
------------------------------------------------------------
C5E4 / E4bC4C4
993118 / 202993---
1.091.25 / 1.141.03
1079148 / 2301022---
0.01270.0210 / 0.0120
------------------------
------8.9---------7.0------17.5---------7.5---7.47.57.57.50.12------13.0---------25.0------>30---------30.0---36.443.243.249.99.52------0.8---------1.0------1.6---------1.0---------------------------
1.5---------1.2------2.5---------1.3---0.91.11.11.30.32------6.9---------7.0------27.7---------6.8---3.74.84.85.91.62------11.6---------7.0------11.1---------7.3---------------------------1.5--------
-3.6------4.3---------4.0---4.95.85.86.71.32------2.4---------1.8------1.0---------1.0---1.01.01.01.00.02------------------------------------------------20------85------20---30-----------------------
-------------7------54------7---15------------------------------------0.9------3.7------0.9---2.2------------------------------------33------105------33---49------------------------------------4.7---
---7.2------4.7---7------------------
l profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
e top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Regional CurvePre-Existing ConditionReference Reach(es) DataDesignMonitoring Baseline
---------------------------
LLULEq.MinMeanMedMaxSD
2
)22
2
Sinuosity (ft)
Pool Length (ft)
Riffle Length (ft)
Valley length (ft)
Pool Spacing (ft)
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)
Bankfull Width (ft)
Bank Height Ratio
Width/Depth Ratio
Biological or Other
1
Pool Max depth (ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
Entrenchment Ratio
Floodprone Width (ft)Meander Width Ratio
Channel Beltwidth (ft)
Rosgen ClassificationBankfull Velocity (fps)---------
Riffle Only
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Radius of Curvature (ft)
1
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)---------
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
Meander Wavelength (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ftChannel Stability or Habitat Metric
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m
ParameterGauge Dimension and Substrate - ProfilePatternTransport parametersAdditional Reach Parameters
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudina3.
Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from th4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding
based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of

n
5
---
------------------------
6---176.19.27.914.73.363---61.513.110.730.910.668---3120.550.060.966.819.55
---------0.01560.03890.03810.07400.02116---------------------------
nMinMedMaxMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------------
------
261668
------------------------------
638
------

nMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------
------------
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site - Reach PB1-B
------------------------------------------------------------
E5E4 / E4bC4C4
328118 / 202993---348148 / 2301022---
1.061.25 / 1.141.03---
0.01390.0210 / 0.01200.013---
------------------------
------9.0---------7.0------17.5---------7.5---------9.4------1------15.0---------25.0------>30---------30.0---------42.4------1------1.0---------1.0------1.6---------1.0---------------------------1.2
---------1.2------2.5---------1.3---------1.8------1------9.3---------7.0------27.7---------6.8---------9.4------1------8.6---------7.0------11.1---------7.3---------------------------1.7---------3.6
------4.3---------4.0---------4.5------1------4.8---------1.8------1.0---------1.0---------1.0------1------------------------------------------------20------85------20---30---------------------------
---------7------54------7---15------------------------------------0.9------3.7------0.9---2.2------------------------------------33------105------33---49------------------------------------4.7------7
.2------4.7---7------------------
l profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
e top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Regional CurvePre-Existing ConditionReference Reach(es) DataDesignMonitoring Baseline
---------------------------
LLULEq.MinMeanMedMaxSD
2
)22
2
Sinuosity (ft)
Pool Length (ft)
Riffle Length (ft)
Valley length (ft)
Pool Spacing (ft)
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)
Bankfull Width (ft)
Bank Height Ratio
Width/Depth Ratio
Biological or Other
1
Pool Max depth (ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
Entrenchment Ratio
Floodprone Width (ft)Meander Width Ratio
Channel Beltwidth (ft)
Rosgen ClassificationBankfull Velocity (fps)---------
Riffle Only
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Radius of Curvature (ft)
1
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)---------
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
Meander Wavelength (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ftChannel Stability or Habitat Metric
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m
ParameterGauge Dimension and Substrate - ProfilePatternTransport parametersAdditional Reach Parameters
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudina3.
Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from th4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding
based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of

n
5
---
------------------------
6---182.512.910.837.27.4233---125.213.812.536.37.5248---3319.338.834.468.713.723
---------0.00030.03410.02570.09310.025323---------------------------
nMinMedMaxMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------------
------
261668
------------------------------
638
------

nMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------
------------
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site - Reach PB1-C
------------------------------------------------------------
E5E4 / E4bB4cB4c
821118 / 202821---934148 / 230921---
1.141.25 / 1.141.12---
0.00940.0210 / 0.01200.01---
------------------------
------9.6---------7.0------17.5---------7.5---------8.2------1------15.0---------25.0------>30---------30.0---------34.6------1------1.2---------1.0------1.6---------1.0---------------------------1.7
---------1.2------2.5---------1.3---------1.0------1------11.1---------7.0------27.7---------7.7---------5.5------1------8.3---------7.0------11.1---------7.3---------------------------1.6---------3.
6------4.3---------1.3---------4.2------1------3.0---------1.8------1.0---------1.0---------1.0------1------------------------------------------------20------85------21---32--------------------------
----------7------54------7---16------------------------------------0.9------3.7------0.9---2.1------------------------------------33------105------35---53------------------------------------4.7------
7.2------4.4---6.5------------------
l profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
e top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Regional CurvePre-Existing ConditionReference Reach(es) DataDesignMonitoring Baseline
---------------------------
LLULEq.MinMeanMedMaxSD
2
)22
2
Sinuosity (ft)
Pool Length (ft)
Riffle Length (ft)
Valley length (ft)
Pool Spacing (ft)
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)
Bankfull Width (ft)
Bank Height Ratio
Width/Depth Ratio
Biological or Other
1
Pool Max depth (ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
Entrenchment Ratio
Floodprone Width (ft)Meander Width Ratio
Channel Beltwidth (ft)
Rosgen ClassificationBankfull Velocity (fps)---------
Riffle Only
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Radius of Curvature (ft)
1
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)---------
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
Meander Wavelength (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ftChannel Stability or Habitat Metric
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m
ParameterGauge Dimension and Substrate - ProfilePatternTransport parametersAdditional Reach Parameters
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudina3.
Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from th4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding
based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of

n
5
---
------------------------
4---195.315.811.346.210.7193---122.914.414.924.05.520
---------0.00250.03250.03110.08260.019219---------------------------
19---5025.445.745.089.017.819
nMinMedMaxMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------------
------
261668
------------------------------
638
------

nMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------
------------
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site - Reach PB2
------------------------------------------------------------
838E4 / E4bE4E4838118 / 202838---979148 / 230959---
1.171.25 / 1.141.14---
0.01180.0210 / 0.01200.0100---
------------------------
------8.6---------7.0------17.5---------10.6---10.010.710.611.60.83------17.0---------25.0------>30---------40.0---46.548.549.449.71.83------1.1---------1.0------1.6---------1.1----------------------
-----1.6---------1.2------2.5---------1.5---1.01.21.01.60.33------9.4---------7.0------27.7---------11.5---6.98.98.711.02.13------7.9---------7.0------11.1---------9.8---------------------------2.0--
-------3.6------4.3---------3.8---4.34.64.45.00.43------3.4---------1.8------1.0---------1.0---1.01.01.01.00.03------------------------------------------------20------85------26---62-----------------
-------------------7------54------10---39------------------------------------0.9------3.7------1---5------------------------------------33------105------49---77------------------------------------4.7
------7.2------6---10------------------
l profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
e top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Regional CurvePre-Existing ConditionReference Reach(es) DataDesignMonitoring Baseline
---------------------------
LLULEq.MinMeanMedMaxSD
2
)22
2
Sinuosity (ft)
Pool Length (ft)
Riffle Length (ft)
Valley length (ft)
Pool Spacing (ft)
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)
Bankfull Width (ft)
Bank Height Ratio
Width/Depth Ratio
Biological or Other
1
Pool Max depth (ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
Entrenchment Ratio
Floodprone Width (ft)Meander Width Ratio
Channel Beltwidth (ft)
Rosgen ClassificationBankfull Velocity (fps)---------
Riffle Only
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Radius of Curvature (ft)
1
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)---------
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
Meander Wavelength (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ftChannel Stability or Habitat Metric
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m
ParameterGauge Dimension and Substrate - ProfilePatternTransport parametersAdditional Reach Parameters
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudina3.
Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from th4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding
based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of

n
5
---
------------------------
4---112.37.96.135.66.1732---71.27.26.314.43.3655---218.425.821.1124.116.964
---------0.00210.03930.03350.12090.029373---------------------------
nMinMedMaxMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------------
------
261668
------------------------------
638
------

nMinMeanMedMaxSD
5
------------------------
------------
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site - Reach UT1
------------------------------------------------------------
1.061.25 / 1.141.14---
1535118 / 2021535---1627148 / 2301748---
E5/6bE4 / E4bE4E4
0.02380.0210 / 0.01200.022---
------------------------
------4.6---------7.0------17.5---------4.6---5.66.26.26.80.63------7.0---------25.0------>30---------30.0---31.033.332.336.73.03------0.8---------1.0------1.6---------0.6---------------------------0
.9---------1.2------2.5---------0.7---0.71.21.11.90.63------3.5---------7.0------27.7---------2.7---3.24.44.45.51.23------6.0---------7.0------11.1---------8.0---------------------------1.5---------3
.6------4.3---------6.5---4.65.55.26.61.03------6.7---------1.8------1.0---------1.0---1.01.01.01.00.03------------------------------------------------20------85------13---20-------------------------
-----------7------54------4---10------------------------------------0.9------3.7------1---3------------------------------------33------105------22---32------------------------------------4.7------7.2
------7---11------------------
l profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
e top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Regional CurvePre-Existing ConditionReference Reach(es) DataDesignMonitoring Baseline
---------------------------
LLULEq.MinMeanMedMaxSD
2
)22
2
Sinuosity (ft)
Pool Length (ft)
Riffle Length (ft)
Valley length (ft)
Pool Spacing (ft)
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)
Bankfull Width (ft)
Bank Height Ratio
Width/Depth Ratio
Biological or Other
1
Pool Max depth (ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
Entrenchment Ratio
Floodprone Width (ft)Meander Width Ratio
Channel Beltwidth (ft)
Rosgen ClassificationBankfull Velocity (fps)---------
Riffle Only
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)
Radius of Curvature (ft)
1
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)---------
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)
Meander Wavelength (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4
3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ftChannel Stability or Habitat Metric
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m
ParameterGauge Dimension and Substrate - ProfilePatternTransport parametersAdditional Reach Parameters
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudina3.
Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from th4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding
based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of

Table 10. 2022 Rainfall Summary
Asheville, NC Station 310301
Normal Limits
Leicester Station
MonthAverage
Precipitation
30 Percent70 Percent
January3.272.383.851.99
February2.952.213.464.65
March3.732.864.332.18
April3.602.714.202.94
May 3.923.004.557.65
June4.193.264.841.78
July 4.293.225.013.79
August3.722.404.471.02
September3.392.184.083.21
October2.371.302.89---
November2.731.703.29---
December3.262.233.89---
Total41.4229.4548.8629.21
Above Normal LimitsBelow Normal Limits

Table 11. Documentation of Geomorphically Significant Flow Events
Number of Bankfull Maximum Bankfull Height Date of Maximum Bankfull
Year
Events(ft)Event
Stage Recorder PB1-C
MY1 202010.777/31/2020
MY2 202151.968/17/2021
MY3 202271.825/27/2022
Stage Recorder PB2
MY1 202031.167/31/2020
MY2 202121.508/17/2021
MY3 202231.065/27/2022
Stage Recorder UT1
MY1 202010.557/31/2020
MY2 202151.158/17/2021
MY3 202250.785/27/2022

Reach UT1 (US)Reach UT1 (DS)PB1-APB1-CPB2

Table 14. Nutrient/Bacteria Water Quality Summary
Carolina Bison Mitigation Site
Spring
Fecal Coliform Total Nitrogen Total Kjeldahal Nitrogen NO2 plus Total Phosphorus
Monitoring Year
(CFU/100 ml)(mg/L)Nitrogen (mg/L)NO3 (mg/L)(mg/L)
Pre-construction (2019)
-----
MY1 (2020)
-----
MY2 (2021)
20NDND0.35ND
MY3 (2022)
9910.580.11ND0.24
MY4 (2023)
MY5 (2024)
Reach UT1 (US)
MY6 (2025)
MY7 (2026)
Pre-construction (2019)820.94ND0.52ND
MY1 (2020)
-----
MY2 (2021)
-----
MY3 (2022)
3400.46ND0.23ND
MY4 (2023)
MY5 (2024)
Reach UT1 (DS)
MY6 (2025)
MY7 (2026)
Pre-construction (2019)
-----
MY1 (2020)
-----
MY2 (2021)
68001.2ND1.1ND
MY3 (2022)
18000.93ND0.93ND
MY4 (2023)
PB1-A
MY5 (2024)
MY6 (2025)
MY7 (2026)
Pre-construction (2019)99002.81.21.70.24
MY1 (2020)
-----
MY2 (2021)
-----
MY3 (2022)
7641.2ND1.2ND
MY4 (2023)
PB1-C
MY5 (2024)
MY6 (2025)
MY7 (2026)
Pre-construction (2019)77002.81.41.40.22
MY1 (2020)
-----
MY2 (2021)
1406.0ND5.01.1
MY3 (2022)
5401ND0.83ND
PB2
MY4 (2023)
MY5 (2024)
MY6 (2025)
MY7 (2026)

Reach UT1 (DS)PB1-CPB2