NC0047597_Wasteload Allocation_19871022

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
October 22, 1987
MEMORANDUM
TO: Arthur Mouberry
THROUGH: Steve Tedder
FROM: Trevor Clements&
SUBJECT: Comments regarding City of Durham's permit modification requests:
Little Lick Creek WWTP (NC0026310)
Eno River WWTP (NC0026336)
Farrington Road WWTP (NC0047597)
I have reviewed the letters from the City of Durham regarding various permit
modifications and I offer the following comments:
1) Changing BOD5 limits to CBOD5 limits:
Durham has made this request for all three facilities. The City can receive
limits for CBOD5, however those limits will not be the same as their current
BOD5 limits. Our current allocation methodology relates model predictions of
allowable ultimate CBOD to BOD5 through the use of an empirically derived CBOD
to BOD5 ratio. Therefore, there is no double -counting and BOD5 is simply used
as a surrogate to CBOD-ult for ease of compliance monitoring. The same approach
can be used for CBOD5, however Durham will have to submit data that will allow a
CBOD-ult to CBOD5 ratio to be empirically determined.
EPA has done some research regarding differences between the two ratios. In
a study of 10 facilities in 1981, EPA found the CBOD-ult/CBOD5 ratio to exceed
the CBOD-ult/BOD5 ratio by as much as 79 percent and the average difference to
be 21 percent. Of these 10 facilities, 5 utilized activated sludge treatment
technologies. The CBOD-ult/CBOD5 ratio averaged 2.15 for these 5 facilities,
which represents a 43 percent increase over DEM's routine assumption (1.5) for
the CBOD-ult/BOD5 ratio. If this result were applied to a facility with a BOD5
limit of 5 mg/1, the corresponding CBOD5 limit would be 3.5 mg/1. My point in
providing this information is that Durham should recognize that, if they switch
to CBOD5, their limits will most likely become more restrictive.
As another point to consider, Durham should realize that APHA is developing
a standard method for long-term BOD measurement and the draft versions of that
protocol discourage the use of nitrogen inhibitors. Three problems are asso-
ciatied with the use of nitrogen inhibitors: 1) they can also inhibit CBOD
decay, 2) the effect of the inhibitor diminishes unpredictably with time, and
3) the inhibitor can become a substrate and artificially increase estimates of
CBOD. Granted, this is for long-term BOD tests, but it also has implications in
determining appropriate CBOD-ult to CBOD5 ratios.
2) Monitoring requirements Farrington WWTP for Ca, Cr, Ni, and Pb:
Current monitoring data submitted by Durham do not reflect detection levels
for these constituents as is prescribed by the APHA Standard Methods (16th Ed.)

or by the EPA "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," (1979). For
measurement of these metals using direct aspiration atomic absorption, detection
levels are listed as:
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium (Cr)
Nickel (Ni)
Lead (Pb)
EPA Standard
Methods Methods
5 ug/1 2 ug/1
50 ug/1 20 ug/1
40 ug/1 20 ug/1
100 ug/1 50 ug/1
Durham is currently using a level of 50 ug/1 for Cd, Cr, and Ni, and
100 ug/1 for Pb. Because they are more current and because they more closely
reflect our state standards, I would recommend that Durham use the levels from
the Standard Methods manual. If Durham provides monitoring data for 12 conse-
cutive months at these detection levels, then their request will be reevalu-
ated.
3) Mercury (Hg) limit for Farrington WWTP:
Per 15 NCAC 2B .0211, the freshwater standard for mercury is 0.2 ug/1. This
concentration has been established to protect aquatic life to the "no effect"
level. In fact, EPA has changed their criteria to 0.012 ug/1 and North Carolina
is likely to follow suit during this tri-ennial review period. New measurement
methods are being promoted to reach this level of detection.
With regard to interpretation of the measurement, in Durham's case, every
measurement in excess of the standard should be viewed as a violation of their
permitted daily (or weekly) maximum allowable concentration since there is no
appreciable dilution.
4) Toxicity limits for all three facilities:
(See attached comments from Ken Eagleson)
Please let me know if I can be of further assistance in this matter.
JTC:
CC: Ken Eagleson

40.
October 22,1987
To: Trevor Clemmens
From: Ken Eagleson \r)
Subject: Comments Regarding Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing in the
Durham Eno , Lick Creek and Farrington Road Permits
The use of effluent bioassay as a limit in an NPDES permit is considered to
be equivalent to other limited parameters with respect to responsibilities of the
discharger. The holder of the permit is responsible for meeting all limits even
when the constituent is discharged to a municipality by an indirect source. The
comment from the City of Durham states that "toxicity when present is
unexpected and not predictable and not created by the POTW" with further
implication that they should not be held accountable. If this logic is accepted then
most other permit parameters should also not be limited. It is important that
whole effluent toxicity testing remain as a limited parameter.
The City of Durham also contends that the State should identify a specific
toxic component and establish a limit for the specific compound. It is obvious the
State does not have the resources to perform these consultant services for all
dischargers. An additional comment by the City suggests that the primary
purpose of the Toxicity Limitation is for control of chlorine. This is incorrect.
The limit is utilized for control of all toxic constituents.
Another comment regards susceptibility of the Ceriodaphnia to minor
effluent effects such as hardness, alkalinity, salinity and ionic strength for
unacclimated test organisms. First, our laboratory has performed these tests in
surface waters from across the state and found them quite tolerant of normal
variability. With regard to acclimation, historically the viewpoint of toxicologists
has been that acclimation is not provided for in -stream and therefore not
accommodated in the testing. I suggest that the issue of acclimation is quite
complex and we should base our position on the fact that both effluent
fluctuations and natural movement of biological organisms do not allow
acclimation and our testing should not either. It is important to remember that
whole effluent toxicity is not any different than other numerical limits regarding
acclimation. If we allow some sort of accommodation for acclimation in whole
effluent testing then all our numerical standards will also have to reflect
acclimation. Our standards do not, nor do EPA's Criteria Documents reflect any
sort of acclimation other than that received during the testing period. In other

words, the use of whole effluent toxicity tests are treated in the same manner as
our other standards for toxic substances.
The City has suggested that the Fathead Minnow be utilized as a test
organism in place of the Ceriodaphnia. I would like to point out that a Fathead
Minnow Chronic test will cost approximately $2000.00 compared to the $350.00
Ceriodaphnia test. This may not be acceptable to the City of Durham. If however
the City would like to pursue the use of this test I would suggest that they perform
several side by side comparisons of the two protocols to judge relative
sensitivities. If the Fathead test is reasonably close to the Ceriodaphnia then the
Division might consider the alternate test protocol. This decision should be
considered with caution since our laboratory does not routinely perform this type
of testing. We do not currently have the staffing to maintain a quality assurance
program to monitor outside laboratories performing this type of test. I am
offering this as an option for use in negotiations although I feel that we should
remain with the Ceriodaphnia Test Protocol.
The City cites the regulation 15 NCAC 02B.0208 as requiring the State to
establish specific limits for specific compounds and restrict these numerically in
the permit. While I do not disagree with this approach I feel that another section
of our regulations 15 NCAC 02B.0211 L requires the use of whole effluent
toxicity testing using chronic techniques. 15 NCAC 02B.0206 3 specifies that the
toxicity limits be allocated at 7Q10. Attached are additional citations regarding
regulatory authority and toxicity testing for your review.
cc: Steve Tedder

.f
MEMORANDUM
TO:
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
January 22, 1987
Steve Tedder
Alan Klimek
Dennis Ramsey
Regional Water Quality Supervisors
Regional Supervisors
FROM: George T. Everett
cV:
SUBJECT: Water Quality Toxics Program
Over the past few years the aquatic toxicology program has proven
extremely valuable in our efforts to ensure protection of the surface
waters of North Carolina. The staff of both headquarters and the
regional offices have performed extremely well in the implementation of
this very important aspect of our program.
As each of you are aware, our approach, to date, has been to
address whole effluent toxics evaluations prior to chlorination. This
strategy was implemented with the understanding that chlorine (which
has toxic properties) would be addressed by a national policy and
possible water quality standards.
The divisional staff as well as EPA regional and headquarters
staffs have been evaluating whole effluent toxics strategies, as well
as the chlorine issue for several years. The national policy for tox-
ics control and the increased emphasis on toxics control during third
round permitting requires a modification to our activities within the
Water Quality Program relating to toxics control.
Therefore, effective immediately, the staff of the Water Quality
Program is directed to initiate the incorporation of whole effluent
toxic limitations into NPDES issued permits by the following crite-
rion:
A. All major industrial and major municipal permits issued will
contain appropriate whole effluent toxic limits and monitoring
requirements;
B. All facilities which have complex wastewaters, whether classi-
fied major or minor are to have whole effluent toxic limits,
incorporated into permit limits and monitoring requirements at
reissuance. Complex wastewaters include any waste other than
domestic waste and chlorine;

C. Domestic wastewaters (100%) with only chlorine as an additive
and not classified a major discharger will not, at this time,
receive whole effluent toxic limitations.
In addition to these directives, all limitations, monitoring,
etc., whether required by permit, administrative letter, or compliance
activities, will be applied to end -of -pipe treatment (post -chlorination).
All previously affected facilities that are currently conducting
self -monitoring for toxics will be notified that the sample collection
point is to be changed to post -chlorination. This notification will be
handled by the Technical Services Branch and regional staff will be
advised by copy. All consultants will be notified by the Technical
Services Branch as to these directives by letter.
All permits which have been issued with whole effluent toxic lim-
itations will be modified to reflect the changes individually.
Most of you are aware that the staff has been developing an
abbreviated mini -chronic bioassay test. This work has been completed
and the method approved by EPA as acceptable in NPDES permits. This
approval is very significant economically. The previously approved
full range chronic tests ranged in cost from $1000-$2000/per test. The
North Carolina abbreviated test is now being conducted by consultants
for costs as low as $250/test. All limits (chronic) to be incorporated
into permits will specify the abbreviated test procedure.
We view this as a major positive step in conducting our activities
to meet both state and federal laws and regulations. I urge each of
you to discuss this issue with your respective staffs to allow imple-
mentation by an informed staff.
Attached to this memorandum is a brief summary which discusses
national policy, third round permitting strategy and the statutes and
regulations which necessitate the actions detailed in this correspon-
dence.
If there are questions, please contact myself or Steve Tedder at
733-5083.
cc: R. Paul Wilms
L. P. Benton, Jr.
Arthur Mouberry
Ken Eagleson
Bob DeWeese
Larry Ausley

RE: Biomonitoring Requirements and Limitations
On March 9, 1984, EPA issued a national policy statement recom-
mending that state and federal regulatory agencies use biological
techniques as a complement to chemical -specific analysis when assessing
effluent discharges toxicity and use effluent toxicity as a control
parameter in writing permit limits. This statement of national policy
was published in the Federal Register/Volume 49, No. 48/Friday, March
9, 1984/Notices.
Section 101(a)(3) of the national Clean Water Act states "it is
the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic
amounts be prohibited;"
The national policy statement, which is entitled, "Policy for the
Development of Water Quality -Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pollu-
tants" further states "to control pollutants beyond Best Available
Technology (BAT) Economically Achievable, secondary treatment, and
other Clean Water Act technology -based requirements in order to meet
water quality standards, the EPA will use an integrated strategy con-
sisting of both biological and chemical methods to address toxic and
nonconventional pollutants from industrial and municipal sources. EPA
and the States will use biological techniques and available data on
chemical effects to assess. toxicity impacts and human health hazards
based on the general standard of no toxic materials in toxic amounts.
Under section 308 and section 402 of the Clean Water Act, EPA or the
State may require NPDES permit applicants to provide chemical, toxic-
ity, and instream biological data necessary to assure compliance with
standards. Where violations of water quality standards are identified
or projected, the State will be expected to develop water quality -based
effluent limits for inclusion in any issued permit. Where there is a
significant likelihood of toxic effects to biota in the receiving
water, EPA and the States may impose permit limits or effluent toxicity
and may require an NPDES permittee to conduct a toxicity reduction
evaluation."
The Environmental Protection Agency has also issued the Third
Round Permits Issuance Strategy. This strategy for the next generation
of NPDES permits, From FY87-FY91, is directed toward implementation of
the national policy. The principal goal of the Third Round Permit
Issuance Strategy is to eliminate toxicity in receiving waters that
results from point source discharges. Water quality -based controls for
toxics and toxicity will be routinely incorporated into third round
permits. Third round permits for all major industrial and municipal
dischargers should contain whole effluent toxicity testing requirements
and limitations. Toxicity testing requirements and limitations should
also be required for all minor permittees suspected of contributing to
receiving water problems.

To put the national policy in perspective to State laws, regula-
tions and statutes, one should refer to General Statute (G.S.) 143-211,
Chapter 143, Article 21 of the North Carolina Environmental Management
Laws. G.S. 143-211 is the declaration of public policy and states "It
is hereby declared to be the public policy of this State to provide for
the conservation of its water and air resources. Furthermore, it is
the intent of the General Assembly, within the context of this Article,
to achieve and to maintain for the citizens of the State a total envi-
ronment of superior quality." This same statute further states "Stan-
dards of water and air purity shall be designed to protect human
health, to prevent injury to plant and animal life, to prevent damage
to public and private property, to insure the continued enjoyment of
the natural attractions of the State."
General Statute 143-215(a) states "The Environmental Management
Commission is authorized and directed to develop, adopt, modify and
revoke effluent standards and limitations and waste treatment manage-
ment practices as it determines necessary to prohibit, abate, or
control water pollution. The effluent standards or limitations or
management practices may provide, without limitation, standards or
limitations or management practices for any point source or sources;
standards, limitations, management practices, or prohibitions for toxic
wastes or combinations of toxic wastes discharged from any point source
or sources; and pretreatment standards for wastes discharged to any
disposal system subject to effluent standards or limitations or manage-
ment practices."
To further correlate these statutes with the national policy, G.S.
143-215(c) further states "In adopting effluent standards and limita-
tions and management practices the EMC shall be guided by the same
considerations and criteria set forth in federal law for the guidance
of federal agencies administering the Federal Water Pollution Control
Program."
Monitoring requirements for discharges are also incorporated into
G.S. 143-215.66, which states "All persons subject to the provisions of
G.S. 143-215.1 who cause such discharges or emissions shall establish
and maintain adequate water and air monitoring systems and report the
data obtained there from the EMC."
The North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Title 15 Subchapter
2B, also provides guidance to the Division relating to toxics control.
Within this document a toxic substance is defined as "Any substance
or combination of substances including disease -causing agents, which
after discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimila-
tion into any organism, either directly from the environment or indi-
rectly by ingestion through food chains, will cause death, disease,
behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations, physiological
malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical
deformities in such organisms or their offspring."

NCAC 2B.0206 also establishes the flow design criteria for toxic
limitations as: "The governing flow criterion for water quality stan-
dards, including toxic substances, generally shall be the minimum
average flow for a period of seven consecutive days that has an average
recurrence of once in 10 years (7Q10) . "
NCAC 2B.0208 also addresses toxic substances as well as NCAC
2B.0211(L) which states: "Toxic substances - only such amounts, whether
alone or in combination with other substances or wastes (whole efflu-
ent) will not render the waters injurious to public health, secondary
recreation, or to aquatic life and wildlife (either through chronic or
acute exposure or through bioacummulation), or impair the waters for
any designated uses, .... acceptable levels of chronic exposure may be
determined by test procedures deemed appropriate by the director;
Additional reference materials relating to methods and procedures
involving whole effluent toxicity testing include the following:
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents
to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. EPA Document
600/4-85/013 (Third Edition) March, 1985
Short -Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater -Organisms. EPA Document 600/4-85/014
December 1985
North Carolina Ceriodaphnia Chronic Effluent
Bioassay Procedure (Revised December 1986)
Technical Support Document for Water Quality -
based Toxics Control. USEPA, September, 1985.

CITY OF DURHAM
NORTH CAROLINA
1)<�,urlr�Irrt� (1/ Ft(//(•/ /;(.'(,runes
CITY OF DIEI)ICINE
RECEIVED
OCT 6 187
DIV. of Environmental Mgt,
Raleigh, N. G.
October 5, 1987
CERTIFIED
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
Division of Environmental Management
North Carolnia Department of Natural Resources
and Community Development OCT 208Y
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Wilms:
Subject:
NPDES Permit #NC0047597
Farrington Road Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
Durham County
Pursuant to your letter dated September 10, 1987, (signed by
Arthur Mouberry) and received in this office on September 18,
1987, the City of Durham hereby requests a waiver or modification
under Regulation 15 NCAC 2B. 0508(b) of permit requirements for
Biological Oxygen Demand-5day (BOD5), Mercury, Chromium, Nickel,
Cadmium, Lead and Toxicity. These requirements and the reasons
for our request are discussed below.
With regard to Chromium, Nickel, Cadmium and Lead; the permit
contains a monitoring requirement. The City has been monitoring
these parameters on a weekly basis since the plant began opera-
tions in November, 1984, or almost three years. We have found
only two weekly occurrences of Chromium in concentrations above
the detection and then only marginally so. For Nickel, Cadmium
and Lead we have never detected any levels above the analytical
detection limits. We also have data going back many years ear-
lier on the Third Fork WWTP and New Hope WWTP which were the
predecessor plants of the Farrington facility. That data shows
little, if any, detectable level of those metals either. We
request that the monitoring requirements for Chromium, Nickel,
Cadmium and Lead be deleted from the permit.
With regard to Mercury, the permit limit is 0.2 ug/1. This is
also the published detection limit in the accepted analytical
procedures listed in the Federal Register. Having the permit
limit and the detection limit at the same level puts the facility
in an extremely difficult position. Any level above the detec-
tion level is a violation and technically places any average
above the permit limit since the best result we can report is
<0.2 ug/1. We request that this limit be changed to 2.0 ug/1
101 CITY HALL PLAZA, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA 27701
[phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER

Depurt►►►ent of Water Resource.,
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
October 5, 1987
Page Two
(Farrington Road WWTP)
which is the Maximum Contaminant Level as published in the North
Carolina Administrative Code, Title 10, Chapter 10. We are
unsure of the justification or rationale for the 0.2 ug/1 limit
but it seems excessively stringent to require a wastewater ef-
fluent to meet a limit which is ten times less than the drinking
water limit.
With regard to BOD5, we request that the permit be modified to
require Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD5) instead of
BODS. Recent laboratory results indicate that there is a
significant difference between BODS and CBOD5 in the range of the
BOD limits of this permit. It would seem reasonable to use CBOD5
since the stream model used by your staff to determine the waste
load allocation includes parameters for both carbonaceous
biochemical oxygen demand and nitrogenous oxygen demand. Without
this change in our permit, we could be penalized for the Ammonia
(NH3) remaining in our effluent, in both the limit for BOD5 and
NH3. The requirements of 15 NCAC 2B. 0500 appear to be out of
date on this issue. These regulations do not refer to the most
recent addition of "STANDARD METHODS" or 40 CFR Part 136 which
deal with this issue effectively. The 16th edition of "STANDARD
METHODS" , dated 1985, Page 526, includes the following
statement:
"Measurements of BOD that include both carbonaceous
oxygen demand and nitrogenous oxygen demand generally
are not useful; therefore, where appropriate, an
inhibiting chemical may be used to prevent ammonia
oxidation. With this technique, carbonaceous and
nitrogenous demands can be measured separately. The
inclusion of ammonia in the dilution water demonstrates
that there is no intent to include the oxygen demand of
reduced nitrogen forms in the BOD test. ---Currently,
many biological treatment plant effluents contain sig-
nificant numbers of nitrifying organisms. Because
oxidation of nitrogenous compounds can occur in such
samples, inhibition of nitrification is recommended
for samples of secondary effluent, for samples seeded
with secondary effluent, and for samples of polluted
waters."
It is interesting to note that the above quote is from Section
507 Oxygen Demand (Biochemical) of the 16th ediction of "STANDARD
METHODS" which is the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
approved method for (BOD5) as shown in Table IB of 40 CFR Part
136 as contained in the Federal Register, Vol. 51, No. 125, dated
June 30, 1986.

Department of Water Resource.,
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
October 5, 1987
Page Three
(Farrington Road WWTP)
With regard to toxicity, the permit appears to require toxicity
testing and compliance at a 99 percent level. We would like to
refer you to a recent article in the August, 1987, JOURNAL of the
Water Pollution Control Federation by Max M. Grimes titled, "The
Impact of EPA's BioMonitoring Policy on POTW's". (Article was
provided previously to you in our letter dated September 17,
1987, concerning Northside WWTP.) This article points out many
problems with applying toxicity testing limits to POTW's. We do
not object to toxicity testing as a monitoring requirement.
However, to subject the City to potential enforcement action due
to inability to achieve a specified toxicity limit when the City
has little control over the problem, does not seem appropriate.
Enforcement should be limited to failure to monitor, failure to
pursue a toxicity reduction evaluation and meet milestone dates,
or for deficient operations of an approved pretreatment program.
The permit shoud recognize that toxicity when present is unexpec-
ted and not predictable and not created by the POWT. In our
opinion, 15 NCAC 2B. 0208 requires the State to set a concentra-
tion limit on the "toxic substance" once identified by the State.
The emphasis should be on identifying the toxic substance with
the City and State working together rather than through enforce-
ment action. The Plant is not specifically designed to remove
toxicity and failure of a toxicity test does not reflect poor
design, poor operation, reluctance to build new facilities or a
willful act by the City.
If this limit on toxicityis intended to address chlorine
toxicity, then we feel that it would be better addressed through
a numeric standard and permit limit since chlorine analysis is
less expensive, easier, and can be performed at much greater
frequency than biomonitoring.
We also have concerns about the test procedure being required.
The Ceriadaphnia bioassay can be susceptible to many minor ef-
fects of otherwise harmless constituents such as hardness, alka-
linity, salinity and ionic strength changes for test organisms
that have not been acclimated. For example, we have observed
daphnia in the final clarifier at one of our plants at the same
time that the plant effluent failed the toxicity test. We would
like to have the option of using either Ceriodaphnia or the
Fathead minnow in carrying out this monitoring as a possible way
of avoiding some of the problems inherent in the test organisms.
Your consideration of these possible modifications of the pro-
posed permit would be appreciated. Also, although your letter
cited Regulation 15 NCAC 2B. 0508 (b) as being available to us to
pursue these modification requests, we have some concern that
that regulation may not be so broad as to cover waiver modifica-
tion in all of these areas discussed above. We defer to the

Department of Water Resource
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
October 5, 1987
Page Four
(Farrington Road WWTP)
Division of Environmental Management's interpretation of its own
regulations and therefore are utilizing the suggested procedure.
However, if this procedure is not available, we ask that these
requests for modifications also be considered requests for an
adjudicatory hearing in order to preserve our rights on all of
these issues.
Sincerely,
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
. T. Rolan, Director
ATR/WWTj r: hvl
cc Ms. Susan Rollins, United States Environmental.Protection
Agency, 345 Courtland Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30365
Mr. Robert Van Tilburg, Division of Environemental
Management, North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development, Post Office
Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Mr. Wilbur P. Gulley, Mayor of Durham, 101 City Hall Plaza,
Durham, North Carolina 27701
Mr. Orville W. Powell, City Manager, City of Durham, 101 City
Plaza, Durham, North Carolina 27701
Mr. Cecil A. Brown, Senior Assistant City Manager, City of
Durham, 101 City Hall Plaza, Durham, North Carolina
27701
Mr. William W. Telford, Jr., Superintendent of Plants,
Department of Water Resources, 101 City Hall Plaza,
Durham, North Carolina 27701

154
METALS (300)
TABLE 303:1. ATOMIC ABSORPTION CONCENTRATION RANGES WITH DIRECT ASPIRATION ATOMIC
ABSORPTION
Element
Wavelength
nm
Flame
Gases*
Detection
Limit
mg/L
Sensitivity
mg/L
Optimum
Concentration
Range
mg/L
Ag
Al
As t
Au
Ba
Be
Bi
Ca
Cd
Co
Cr
Cs
Cu
Fe
Hg
Ir
K
Li
Mg
Mn
Mo
Na
Ni
Os
Pb;
Pt
Rh
Ru
Sb
Set
Si
Sn
Sr
Ti
v
Zn
328.1
309.3
193.7
242.8
553.6
234.9
223.1
422.7
228.8
240.7
357.9
852.1
324.7
248.3
253.6
264.0
766.5
670.8
285.2
279.5
313.3
589.0
232.0
290.9
283.3
265.9
343.5
349.9
217.6
196.0
251.6
224.6
460.7
365.3
318.4
213.9
A-Ac
N-Ac
N-H
A-Ac
N-Ac
N-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
N-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
N-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
N-H
N-Ac
A-Ac
A-Ac
N-Ac
N-Ac
A-Ac
0.01
0.1
0.002
0.01
0.03
0.005
0.06
0.003
0.002
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.2
0.6
0.005
0.002
0.0005
0.01
0.1
0.002
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.1
0.5
0.07
0.07
0.002
0.3
0.8
0.03
0.3
0.2
0.005
0.06 0.1-4
1 5-100
0.002-0.02
0.25 0.5-20
0.4 l -20
0.03 0.05-2
0.4 I-50
0.08 0.2-20
0.025 0.05-2
0.2 0.5-10
0.1 0.2-10
0.3 0.5-15
0.1 0.2-10
0.12 0.3-10
7.5 10-300
8 -
0.04 0.1-2
0.04 0.1-2
0.007 0.02-2
0.05 0.1-10
0.5 1-20
0.015 0.03-1
0.15 0.3-10
1 0.5 I -20
2 5-75
0.3 -
0.5 -
0.5 1-40
0.002-0.02
2 5-150
4 10-200
0.15 0.3-5
2 5-100
1.5 2-100
0.02 0.05-2
• A-Ac = air -acetylene; N-Ac = nitrous oxide -acetylene; N-H = nitrogen -hydrogen.
t Gaseous hydride method.
$ The more sensitive 217.0 nm wavelength is recommended for instruments with background correction capabilities.
moval of large droplets. The burner may
be fitted with a conventional head contain-
ing a single slot; a three -slot Boling head, .
which may be preferred for direct aspira-
tion with an air -acetylene flame; or a spe-
cial head for use with nitrous oxide and
acetylene.
c. Recorder: Most instruments are
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROI
equipped with either a digital or i
readout mechanism. A good-qual
recorder with high sensitivity a
response time is needed to record
resulting from the determination
Se by aspiration of their gaseous
d. Lamps: Use either a hollo,
lamp or an electrodeless dischu
(EDL). Use one lamp for eacl
being measured. Multi -element
cathode lamps generally provide
sitivity than single -element lamp
termining As or Se by aspira
gaseous hydrides, use EDLs for 1
sitivity. EDLs take a longer timt
up and stabilize.
e. Pressure -reducing valves:
supplies of fuel and oxidant at
somewhat higher than the cont
erating pressure of the instrumen
suitable reducing valves. Use a st
ducing valve for each gas.
f Vent: Place a vent about 15
above the burner to remove fum
pors from the flame. This preca
tects laboratory personnel fr
vapors, protects the instrument
rosive vapors, and prevents flans
from being affected by room draf
per or variable -speed blower is de
modulating air flow and preven
disturbance. Select blower size t
the air flow recommended by t
ment manufacturer. In laborator
with heavy particulate air poll
clean laboratory facilities (!j 301
3. Precision and Accuracy
Some data typical of the pre'
accuracy obtainable with the Inc
cussed are presented in Table 31
4. Bibliography
COON, E., J.E. PETLEY, M.II. McMut
WIBERLEY. 1953. Fluorometric
tion of aluminum by use of 8 quin.
Chem. 25:608.
ALLAN, J.E. 1961. The use of organic

174
mined. The resultant ground -state atomic
vapor absorbs monochromatic radiation
from the source. A photoelectric detector
measures the decreased intensity of trans-
mitted radiation, which is a measure of
concentration.
b. Sensitivity detection limits, and opti-
mum concentration range: Estimated de-
tection limits and optimum concentration
ranges are listed in Table 304:I. These val-
ues may vary with the chemical form of
the element being determined, sample com-
position, or instrumental conditions.
For a given sample, increased sensitivity
may be achieved by using a larger sample
volume or by reducing flow rate of the
purge gas. Sensitivity can be decreased by
reducing sample volume, increasing purge -
METALS (300)
gas flow, or using a less sensitive wave-
length. Use of argon, rather than nitrogen,
as the purge gas generally improves sen-
sitivity and reproducibility. Hydrogen
mixed with the inert gas may suppress
chemical interference and increase sensi-
tivity by acting as a reducing agent, thereby
aiding in producing more ground -state at-
oms. Using pyrolytically coated graphite
tubes can increase sensitivity for the more
refractory elements. The optical pyrome-
ter/maximum power accessory available
on some instruments also offers increased
sensitivity with lower atomization temper-
atures for many elements.
Sensitivity changes with sample tube age.
Discard graphite tubes when significant
TABLE 304:I. DETECTION LEVELS, CONCENTRATION RANGES, AND MATRIX MODIFIERS FOR
ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY •
Element
Estimated
Wavelength Detection
nm Limit
pg/L
Optimum
Concentration
Range
µg/L
Suggested
Matrix
Modifiers't
Suggested Final
Concentration of
Matrix Modifier
mg/L
Al 309.3
Sb 217.6
As; 193.7
Ba§ 553.6
Be 234.9
Cd 228.8
Cr 357.9
Co 240.7
Cu 324.7
Fe 248.3
Pb283.3
Mn 279.5
Mo§ 313.3
Ni § 232.0
Set 196.0
Ag 328.1
Sn 224.6
3 20-200
3 20-300
1 5-100 Ni (NO,), • 6H2O
2 10-200
0.2 1-30
0.1 0.5-10 (NH.), HPO4
2 5-100 Ca(NO,), • 4H20
1 5-100
1 5-100
1 5-100
1 5-100 (NH4),Mo,O24 • 4H,0
H,PO4
0.2 1-30
1 3-60
1 5-100
100-1000 (Ni)
8000 [(NH.)2HPO4]
200 (Ca)
100 (Mo)
0.1-1.0% (v/v)
2 5-100 Ni (NO,), • 614,0 10-1000 (Ni)
0.2 1-25
5 20-300
• Use tabulated values and suggested matrix modifiers only as a guide. Values dependent on instrumental conditions,
sample matrix, and type of graphite tube used.
t Ammonium nitrate is a suitable matrix modifier when high concentrations of chloride are present.
$ Gas interrupt utilized.
§ Pyrolytic graphite tubes utilized.
lime more sensitive 217.0 nm wavelength is recommended for instruments with background correction capabilities.
ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC ABSORI
variations in sensitivity or poor rer
ibility are observed.
c. Interference: Electrothermal
zation determinations are subject
nificant interferences from me
absorption as well as chemical and
effects. Molecular absorption may
when components of the sample mat
atilize during atomization, result
broadband absorption. A con
source background corrector, avail:
most commercial units, can be used 1
pensate automatically for this inter,
Use background correction when an
samples containing high concentrat
acid or dissolved solids and in deter
elements for which an absorption
low 210 nm is used. At backgrot
sorbance levels greater than 0.1
ventional background correction
compensate totally for background
tion. In such cases, attempt to reduc
ground level by sample dilution,
modification, ramping, or variatiot
charring conditions. The polarized :
technique available on some insti
corrects for background absorbance
up to 1.5 units.
Matrix modification can be u:
minimizing interference. Accompl
directly in the graphite furnace by
various chemicals to the sample. Sc
trix modifiers reduce volatility of
ment being dcteirmircd o: Incr:
atomization efficiency by chant
chemical composition. This permit
higher charring temperatures to,v
interfering substances and increas,
tivity. Othermatrix modifiers incrc
atility of the matrix. Specific
modifiers are listed in Table 304:I
Temperature ramping, i.e., grads
ing, can be used to decrease bacl
interferences and permits analysis
pies with complex matrices. Ramr
mits programming a controlled,
uous increase of furnace temperatu
usual three -step te. iperature segue

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TO: Parties Interested In Long Term (Ultimate)
BOD Estimation
FROM: R. C. Whittemore, NCASI
DATE: May 6, 1987
SUBJECT: Attached Long Term BOD Method
Attached is another draft of the long term BOD
method for your review and comment. I would ask that
you send your comments and suggestions to my atten-
tion and a copy to Jim Young (Standard Methods BOD
Chairman). His address is:
Professor James Young
Department of Civil Engineering
4190 Bell Engineering Center
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
Your assistance is once again appreciated.
• RCW/gc
J
= Enc: Ultimate Oxygen Demand Paper
Log: I01
r
u
P
i
RECEIVEfl
ko4r 4. 1587
TECHNICAL SERVICES BRANCH

A PROCEDURE FOR THE ESTIMATION OR
ULTIMATE OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL)
1. Discussion
Like the 5 day test, the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand
(UBOD) determination is a test in which standardized laboratory
procedures are used to determine the total oxygen requirements
of wastewaters, treated effluents, and receiving waters. The
test estimates the oxygen required for the total biochemical
degradation of organic material (ultimate carbonaceous demand).
The test may also measure the oxygen necessary to totally oxi-
dize reduced forms of nitrogen (ultimate nitrogenous demand).
The ultimate oxygen demand values and appropriate kinetic
descriptions are most often used in water quality modeling
studies. There are three separate modeling needs: (a) ultimate
BOD to 5-day BOD ratios which are used for relating stream
assimilative capacity to NPDES and SPDES permits, (b) defini-
tion of river, estuary, or lake deoxygenation kinetics, which
is necessary for initial estimation of model parameters, and
(c) instream ultimate CBOD values used for model calibration.
The method consists of placing a sample or a diluted sample
in full, air -tight bottles and incubating under specified con-
ditions for a period of time that will vary depending upon
wastewater, effluent, river or estuary quality (1). Dissolved
oxygen (DO) is measured (with probes) initially and at differ-
ent times for the duration of the test. This DO time series is
used to compute the ultimate BOD by an appropriate curve fit-
ting analysis. A reservoir bottle of the same sample or the
diluted sample is maintained to provide sufficient quantities
for DO measurement, chemical analyses, and make-up to account
for minor spillage during measurement.
The bottle size and incubation time are of necessity flex-
ible to accommodate individual sample characteristics and
analytical laboratory limitations. Incubation temperature,
however, is specified at 20C. Most effluents and some natural-
ly occurring surface waters will contain more oxygen demanding
materials than the amount of DO available in air -saturated
water. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the sample or to
monitor the DO in the bottles frequently to ensure that low DO
or anaerobic conditions do not occur. When DO levels approach
low levels (2 to 3 mg/1), the sample is reaerated using a mini-
mum amount of air to elevate DO levels to values approaching
saturation.
Because bacterial growth requires nutrients such as nitro-
gen, phosphorus, and trace metals, these may be added to the
dilution water (if used), which is buffered to ensure that pH
of the incubated sample remains in a range suitable for bac-
terial growth. However, if the BOD test is being used to

estimate the rate of oxidation of naturally occurring surface
waters, then the addition of nutrients and seed would likely
accelerate the decay rate and produce misleading results. When
nutrients are used in a sample. they should also be used in the
dilution water blank so that their effect on DO is accounted
for in the analysis of the time series.
The extent of oxidation of nitrogenous compounds during the
long term incubation period depends upon the presence of micro-
organisms capable of oxidizing these chemical forms. Such
organisms may not be in waste or waters in numbers to oxidize
significant quantities of reduced nitrogen forms. This situ-
ation, however. may be reversed in naturally occurring surface
waters.
Adding inhibiting chemicals may not be the answer. Exper-
ience with nitrification inhibitors in long term BOD tests has
been erratic (2). Three separate effects have been noted: (a)
the inhibitor may also inhibit carbonaceous BOD decay, (b) the
effect of the inhibitor diminishes unpredictably with time re-
quiring the subsequent addition of fresh inhibitor, and (c) the
inhibitor can become a substrate upon repeated addition and may
increase the BOD.
The method included here specifies that nitrogen inhibitors
not be used unless prior experimental evidence on the particu-
lar sample in question suggests otherwise. It is recommended
that the nitrogen specie (NOa-N) be monitored with time to
compute the oxygen equivalency of the nitrification reaction.
When these values are subtracted from the DO time series, the
CBOD time series can be constructed (3).
2. Sampling and Storage
Samples for BOD analysis may degrade significantly during
storage between collection and analysis, resulting in low BOD
values. Minimize reduction of BOD by analyzing the sample
promptly or by cooling it to near -freezing temperature during
storage. However, even at low temperatures, keep the holding
time to a minimum. Warm the chilled samples to 20 C before
analysis; some storage time can be used to accomplish this
conveniently.
a. Grab samples: If analysis is initiated within 2 hours
of collection, cooling is unnecessary. If analysis is not
started within 2 hours of sample collection, keep sample at or
below 4 C from the time of collection. Begin analysis within 6
hours of collection; when this is not possible, i.e. because
the sampling site is distant from the laboratory, store at or
below 4 C and report length and temperature of storage with the
results. In no case start analysis more than 24 hours after
grab sample collection. When samples are to be used for regu-
latory purposes make every effort to deliver samples for analy-
sis within 6 hours of collection.

ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
Make blank measurements daily.
that may be required are:
system blank —Analyze organic -free
t water. The blank should have less
he minimum detectable concentra-
Use this blank to insure that the
Went and procedures are not contrib-
:o the TOX.
viethod blank —Analyze GAC that
nitrate -washed. Analyze duplicate
d blanks daily before sample analysis
ter each eight sample pyrolyses.
Standard blank —Analyze reagent
:o determine the blank for standards.
Purgeable organic halogen
-Analyze organic -free, pre -purged,
t water to determine the PDX blank.
zmple duplicates: To evaluate ran -
as analyze replicates of each sample.
sh acceptable control limits.
:elation
ulate the net organic chloride con-
:.) of each filtered replicate of each
and standard:
C,—C,+C2—C,
c, _
= organic Cl- on the first column or filter,
µg,
= organic Cl-, on the second column or
filter, µg,
= mean of method blanks on the same day
and same instrument, µg Cl-,
= uncorrected net organic Cl- of filtered
sample, µg organic CI-/L, and
_= volume of sample filtered, L.
plicable, calculate net purgeable or-
21- content (P3):
P, - P,
= sample purgeable organic Cl-, µg,
= blank purgeable organic Cl-, µg,
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL) 525
P, = uncorrected net purgeable organic Cl-,
µg CI-/L, and
V = volume of sample or standard purged,
L.
Determine the linear regression of in-
strument calibration standard curves for
each instrument configuration. Update this
linear regression daily by including the
standard points analyzed on that day. Cal-
culate the corrected organic chloride con-
centration for each replicate of each sample
by substituting the net organic chloride
content (C4 or P)) of each sample replicate
into the appropriate linear regression equa-
tion.
7. Bibliography
DRESSMAN, R. C. Total Organic Halide, Method
450.1—Interim. Drinking Water Research
Div., Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
JEKEL, M.R. & P.V. ROBERTS. Total organic hal-
1. Discussion
ogen as a parameter for the characterization
of reclaimed waters: measurement, occurence,
formation, and removal. Environ. Sci. Tech-
nol. 14:970.
KUHN, W. 1974. Thesis, Univ. Karlsruhe, West
Germany.
KUHN, W., F. FUCHS & H. SONTHEIMER. 1977.
Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung des organ-
isch gebundenen Chlors mit Hilfe eines neu-
artigen Anreicherungsverfahrens. Z Wasser-
Abwasser Forsch. 10:6:162.
DRESSMAN, R.C., B. A. NMAR & R. REDZI-
KOWSKI. 1979. The analysis of organohalides
(OX) in water as a group parameter. Proc.
7th Annual Water Quality Technology Conf.,
Philadelphia, Pa. American Water Works
Ass., Denver, Colo.
TAKAHASHI, Y., et al. 1980. Measurement of total
organic halides (TOX) and purgeable organic
halides (PDX) in water using carbon adsorp-
tion and microcoulometric detection. Proc.
Symp. on Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
of Water and Waste Water Intended for
Reuse, Houston, Tex. American Chemical
Soc., Washington, D.C.
DRESSMAN, R.C. & A. STEVENS. 1983. Analysis
of organohalides in water -- An evaluation
update. J. Amer. Water Works Ass. 75:431.
507 OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL)*
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
determination is an empirical test in which
standardized laboratory procedures are
used to determine the relative oxygen re-
quirements of wastewaters, effluents, and
polluted waters. The test measures the oxy-
gen required for the biochemical degra-
dation of organic material (carbonaceous
demand) and the oxygen used to oxidize
inorganic material such as sulfides and fer-
rous iron. It also may measure the oxygen
used to oxidize reduced forms of nitrogen
(nitrogenous demand) unless their oxida-
tion is prevented by an inhibitor.
The method consists of placing a sample
*Approved by Standard Methods Committee, 1981.
in a full, airtight bottle and incubating the
bottle under specified conditions for a spe-
cific time. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is meas-
ured initially and after incubation. The
BOD is computed from the difference be-
tween initial and final DO.
The bottle size, incubation temperature,
and incubation period are all specified.
Most wastewaters contain more oxyg;.n-
demanding materials than the amount of
DO available in air -saturated water. There-
fore, it is necessary to dilute the sample
before incubation to bring the oxygen de-
mand and supply into appropriate balance.
Because bacterial growth requires nutrients
such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace
metals, these are added to the dilution
water, which is buffered to ensure that the
pH of the incubated sample remains in a
i

526
range suitable for bacterial growth. Com-
plete stabilization of a sample may require
a period of incubation too long for practical
purposes; therefore, 5 d has been accepted
as the standard incubation period.
Measurements of BOD that include both
carbonaceous oxygen demand and nitro-
genous oxygen demand generally are not
useful; therefore, where appropriate, an in-
hibiting chemical may be used to prevent
ammonia oxidation.' With this technique
carbonaceous and nitrogenous demands
can be measured separately. The inclusion
of ammonia in the dilution water demon-
strates that there is no intent to include the
oxygen demand of reduced nitrogen forms
in the BOD test. If this ammonia were
oxidized, errors would result because the
oxygen use would not be due exclusively
to pollutants in the sample.
The extent of oxidation of nitrogenous
compounds during the 5-d incubation pe-
riod depends on the presence of microor-
ganisms capable of carrying out this
oxidation. Such organisms usually are not
present in raw sewage or primary effluent
in sufficient numbers to oxidize significant
quantities of reduced nitrogen forms in the
5-d BOD test. Currently, many biological
treatment plant effluents contain significant
numbers of nitrifying organisms. Because
oxidation of nitrogenous compounds can
occur in such samples, inhibition of nitri-
fication is recommended for samples of sec-
ondary effluent, for samples seeded with
secondary effluent, and for samples of pol-
luted waters.
The method included here contains both
a dilution water check (5b) and a dilution
water blank (5h). The dilution water check
is to determine the acceptability of a par-
ticular batch of dilution water before it is
used for BOD analysis. Seeded dilution
waters are checked further for acceptable
quality by measuring their consumption of
oxygen from a known organic mixture,
usually glucose and glutamic acid (5c).
The dilution water blank, made at the
ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
same time that samples are analyzed, pro-
vides a further quality control on dilution
water at the time of analysis as well as on
the cleanliness of apparatus such as BOD
bottles.
The procedure for determining imme-
diate oxygen demand (IDOD) has been
eliminated because: (a) it was not clear
whether IDOD should be reported in 5-d
BOD data; (b) the measurement was in-
accurate because of the small differences
between initial DO and DO after 15 min;
(c) arbitrary selection of 15 min for meas-
uring IDOD did not necessarily include all
short-term oxygen -consuming reactions;
and (d) the IDOD is, in some instances,
an iodine demand (during the DO deter-
mination) rather than a true DO demand.
The methods outlined here require deter-
mining initial DO immediately after mak-
ing the dilution. In this way all oxygen
uptake (including that occurring during the
first 15 min) is included in the BOD meas-
urement.
Although only the 5-d BOD is described
here, many variations of oxygen demand
measurements exist. These include using
shorter and longer incubation periods, tests
to determine rates of oxygen uptake, con-
tinuous oxygen uptake measurements by
respirometric techniques, etc.
2. Sampling and Storage
Samples for BOD analysis may degrade
significantly during storage between collec-
tion and analysis, resulting in low BOD
values. Minimize reduction of BOD by ana-
lyzing the sample promptly or by cooling
it to near -freezing temperature during stor-
age. However, even at low temperature,
keep the holding time to a minimum.
Warm the chilled samples to 20°C before
analysis; some storage time can be used to
accomplish this conveniently.
a. Grab samples: If analysis is begun
within 2 h of collection, cooling is unnec-
essary. If analysis is not started within 2 h
of sample collection, keep sample at or be -
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL)
low 4°C from the time of collectio
analysis within 6 h of collection; w
is not possible because the samplii
distant from the laboratory, store
low 4°C and report length and tem
of storage with the results. In no c
analysis more than 24 h after grat
collection. When samples are to
for regulatory purposes make eve
to deliver samples for analysis wi
of collection.
b. Composite samples: Keep sa
or below 4°C during compositin
compositing period to 24 h. Use 1
criteria as for storage of grab samp'.
ing the measurement of holding ti
the end of the compositing peri4
storage time and conditions as pe
results.
3. Apparatus
a. Incubation bottles: 250- to 30
pacity, with ground -glass stoppc
bottles with a detergent, rinse th<
and drain before use. As a p
against drawing air into the diluti
during incubation, use a water -se
satisfactory water seals by invertii
in a water bath or adding water to
mouth of special BOD bottles. PI
per or plastic cup or foil cap over
mouth of the bottle to reduce ev.
of the water seal during incubati
b. Air incubator or water ba
mostatically controlled at 20 ±
elude all light to prevent pos!
photosynthetic production of D(
4. Reagents
a. Phosphate buffer solution: Di
g KHZPO„ 21.75 g KZHPO.
Na,HPO.•7H2O, and 1.7 g NHS
500 mL distilled water and dilu
The pH should be 7.2 without fl
justment. Discard reagent (or a
following reagents) if there is a
biological growth in the stock b

ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
Lme time that samples are analyzed, pro -
des a further quality control on dilution
ater at the time of analysis as well as on
ie cleanliness of apparatus such as BOD
3ttles.
The procedure for determining imme-
ate oxygen demand (IDOD) has been
iminated because: (a) it was not clear
hether IDOD should be reported in 5-d
DD data; (b) the measurement was in -
curate because of the small differences
.tween initial DO and DO after 15 min;
) arbitrary selection of 15 min for meas-
ing IDOD did not necessarily include all
ort-term oxygen -consuming reactions;
id (d) the IDOD is, in some instances,
iodine demand (during the DO deter-
ination) rather than a true DO demand.
le methods outlined here require deter-
ining initial DO immediately after mak-
g the dilution. In this way all oxygen
take (including that occurring during the
st 15 min) is included in the BOD meas-
ement.
Although only the 5-d BOD is described
re, many variations of oxygen demand
:asurements exist. These include using
Drter and longer incubation periods, tests
determine rates of oxygen uptake, con-
uous oxygen uptake measurements by
pirometric techniques, etc.
Sampling and Storage
Samples for BOD analysis may degrade
nificantly during storage between collee-
n and analysis, resulting in low BOD
ues. Minimize reduction of BOD by ana-
ing the sample promptly or by cooling
o near -freezing temperature during stor-
:. However, even at low temperature,
.p the holding time to a minimum.
trm the chilled samples to 20°C before
Llysis; some storage time can be used to
omplish this conveniently.
r. Grab samples: If analysis is begun
hin 2 h of collection, cooling is unnec-
ary. If analysis is not started within 2 h
;ample collection, keep sample at or be -
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL)
low 4°C from the time of collection. Begin
analysis within 6 h of collection; when this
is not possible because the sampling site is
distant from the laboratory, store at or be-
low 4°C and report length and temperature
of storage with the results. In no case start
analysis more than 24 h after grab sample
collection. When samples are to be used
for regulatory purposes make every effort
to deliver samples for analysis within 6 h
of collection.
b. Composite samples: Keep samples at
or below 4°C during compositing. Limit
compositing period to 24 h. Use the same
criteria as for storage of grab samples, start-
ing the measurement of holding time from
the end of the compositing period. State
storage time and conditions as part of the
results.
3. Apparatus
a. Incubation bottles: 250- to 300-mL ca-
pacity, with ground -glass stoppers. Clean
bottles with a detergent, rinse thoroughly,
and drain before use. As a precaution
against drawing air into the dilution bottle
during incubation, use a water -seal. Obtain
satisfactory water seals by inverting bottles
in a water bath or adding water to the flared
mouth of special BOD bottles. Place a pa-
per or plastic cup or foil cap over the flared
mouth of the bottle to reduce evaporation
of the water seal during incubation.
b. Air incubator or water bath: Ther-
mostatically controlled at 20 ± 1°C. Ex-
clude all light to prevent possibility of
photosynthetic production of DO.
4. Reagents
a. Phosphate buffer solution: Dissolve 8.5
g KH2PO4, 21.75 g K2HPO4, 33.4 g
Na2HPO4.7H20, and 1.7 g NH4C1 in about
500 mL distilled water and dilute to 1 L.
The pH should be 7.2 without further ad-
justment. Discard reagent (or any of the
following reagents) if there is any sign of
biological growth in the stock bottle.
527
b. Magnesium sulfate solution: Dissolve
22.5 g MgSO4.7H20 in distilled water and
dilute to 1 L.
c. Calcium chloride solution: Dissolve
27.5 g CaC12 in distilled water and dilute
to 1 L.
d. Ferric chloride solution: Dissolve 0.25
g FeC13.6H20 in distilled water and dilute
to 1 L.
e. Acid and alkali solutions, 1N: For neu-
tralization of caustic or acidic waste sam-
ples.
f Sodium sulfite solution, 0.025N: Dis-
solve 1.575 g Na2S03 in 1000 mL distilled
water. This solution is not stable; prepare
daily.
g. Nitrification inhibitor: 2-chloro-6-
(trichloro methyl) pyridine.t
h. Glucose-glutamic acid solution: Dry
reagent -grade glucose and reagent -grade
glutamic acid at 103°C for 1 h. Add 150
mg glucose and 150 mg glutamic acid to
distilled water and dilute to 1 L. Prepare
fresh immediately before use.
5. Procedure
a. Preparation of dilution water: Place
desired volume of water in a suitable bottle
and add 1 mL each of phosphate buffer,
MgSO4, CaCl2, and FeCI, solutions/L of
water. Seed dilution water, if desired, as
described in 5d. Test and store dilution
water as described in 5b and 5c so that
water of assured quality always is on hand.
b. Dilution water check: Use this pro-
cedure as a rough check on quality of di-
lution water. If dilution water has not been
stored for quality improvement, add suffi-
cient seeding material to produce a DO
uptake of 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L in 5 d at 20°C.
Do not seed dilution water that has been
stored for quality improvement. Incubate
a BOD bottle full of dilution water for 5
d at 20°C. Determine initial and final DO
as in 5g and 5j. The DO uptake in 5 d at
tNitrification Inhibitor 2533, Hach Chemical Co., or
equivalent.

528 ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
20°C should not be more than 0.2 mg/L
and preferably not more than 0.1 mg/L.
If the oxygen depletion of a candidate
water exceeds 0.2 mg/L obtain a satisfac-
tory water by improving purification or
from another source. Alternatively, if ni-
trification inhibition is used, store the
seeded dilution water at 20°C until the ox-
ygen uptake is sufficiently reduced to meet
the dilution water check criteria. Storage
is not recommended when BODs are to be
determined without nitrification inhibition
because nitrifying organisms may develop
during storage. Check stored dilution water
to determine whether sufficient ammonia
remains after storage.
Before use bring dilution water temper-
ature to 20°C. Saturate with DO by shaking
in a partially filled bottle or by aerating
with filtered air. Alternatively, store in cot-
ton -plugged bottles long enough for water
to become saturated with DO. Protect
water quality by using clean glassware, tub-
ing, and bottles.
c. Glucose-glutamic acid check Because
the BOD test is a bioassay the results can
be influenced greatly by the presence of
toxicants or by use of a poor seeding ma-
terial. Distilled waters frequently are con-
taminated with copper; some sewage seeds
are relatively inactive. Low results always
are obtained with such seeds and waters.
Periodically check dilution water quality,
seed effectiveness, and analytical technique
by making BOD measurements on pure
organic compounds. In general, for BOD
determinations not requiring an adapted
seed, use a mixture of 150 mg glucose/L
and 150 mg glutamic acid/L as a "stand-
ard" check solution. Glucose has an ex-
ceptionally high and variable oxidation rate
but when it is used with glutamic acid, the
oxidation rate is stabilized and is similar
to that obtained with many municipal
wastes. Alternatively, if a particular waste-
water contains an identifiable major con-
stituent that contributes to the BOD, use
this compound in place of the glucose-glu-
tamic acid.
Determine the 5-d 20°C BOD of a 2%
dilution of the glucose-glutamic acid stand-
ard check solution using the techniques
outlined in 5d-j. If the 5-d 20°C BOD value
of the check is outside the range of 200 ±
37 mg/L, reject any BOD determinations
made with the seed and dilution water and
seek the cause of the problem.
d. Seeding: It is necessary to have present
a population of microorganisms capable of
oxidizing the biodegradable organic matter
in the sample. Domestic wastewater, un-
chlorinated or otherwise-undisinfected ef-
fluents from biological waste treatment
plants, and surface waters receiving waste-
water discharges contain satisfactory mi-
crobial populations. Some samples do not
contain a sufficient microbial population
(for example some untreated industrial
wastes, disinfected wastes, high -tempera-
ture wastes, or wastes with extreme pH
values). For such wastes seed the dilution
water by adding a population of microor-
ganisms. The preferred seed is effluent from
a biological treatment system processing
the waste. Where this is not available, use
supernatant from domestic wastewater
after settling at 20°C for at least 1 h but
no longer than 36 h.
Some samples may contain materials not
degraded at normal rates by the microor-
ganisms in settled domestic wastewater.
Seed such samples with an adapted micro-
bial population obtained from the undisin-
fected effluent of a biological process
treating the waste. In the absence of such
a facility, obtain seed from the receiving
water below (preferably 3 to 8 km) the
point of discharge. When such seed sources
also are not available, develop an adapted
seed in the laboratory by continuously aer-
ating a sample of settled domestic waste-
water and adding small daily increments
of waste. Optionally use a soil suspension
or activated sludge to obtain the initial mi-
crobial population. Determine the exist -
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL)
ence of a satisfactory population by
the performance of the seed in BO
on the sample. BOD values that i
with time of adaptation to a steel
value indicate successful seed ada)
In making tests, use enough seed tc
satisfactory numbers of microorl
but not so much that the oxygen c
of the seed itself is a major part
oxygen used during incubation.
Determine BOD of the seeding r
as for any other sample. This is t
control. From the value of the seed
and a knowledge of the seeding r
dilution (in the dilution water) de
seed DO uptake. To determine a
DO uptake subtract the seed DO
from the total DO uptake. The DO
of the seeded dilution water shoulc
tween 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L.
Techniques for adding seeding r
to dilution water are described for tl
ple dilution methods (¶ 5j).
e. Sample pretreatment:
1) Samples containing caustic al
or acidity —Neutralize samples to
to 7.5 with a solution of sulfur
(H,SO4) or sodium hydroxide (Na
such strength that the quantity of
does not dilute the sample by mo
0.5%. The pH of seeded dilution
should not be affected by the lowest
dilution.
2) Samples containing residual c
compounds —If possible, avoid
containing residual chlorine by s
ahead of chlorination processes. If t
ple has been chlorinated but no de
chlorine residual is present, seed t
tion water. If residual chlorine is
dechlorinate and seed the dilutio1
(5j). Do not test chlorinated/dechlc
samples without seeding the dilutio:
In some samples chlorine will c
within 1 to 2 h of standing in tt
This often occurs during sample tr
and handling. For samples in whit
rine residual does not dissipate it

ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
compound in place of the glucose-glu-
ic acid.
etermine the 5-d 20°C BOD of a 2%
tion of the glucose-glutamic acid stand -
check solution using the techniques
ined in 5d-j. If the 5-d 20°C BOD value
he check is outside the range of 200 ±
ng/L, reject any BOD determinations
le with the seed and dilution water and
the cause of the problem.
Seeding: It is necessary to have present
rpulation of microorganisms capable of
izing the biodegradable organic matter
he sample. Domestic wastewater, un-
rinated or otherwise-undisinfected ef-
ats from biological waste treatment
ts, and surface waters receiving waste-
r discharges contain satisfactory mi-
dal populations. Some samples do not
ain a sufficient microbial population
example some untreated industrial
es, disinfected wastes, high -tempera -
wastes, or wastes with extreme pH
es). For such wastes seed the dilution
r by adding a population of microor-
sms. The preferred seed is effluent from
ological treatment system processing
waste. Where this is not available, use
rnatant from domestic wastewater
settling at 20°C for at least 1 h but
roger than 36 h.
,me samples may contain materials not
aded at normal rates by the microor-
ims in settled domestic wastewater.
such samples with an adapted micro -
population obtained from the undisin-
d effluent of a biological process
ing the waste. In the absence of such
obtain seed from the receiving
r below (preferably 3 to 8 km) the
t of discharge. When such seed sources
are not available, develop an adapted
in the laboratory by continuously aer-
a sample of settled domestic waste-
r and adding small daily increments
aste. Optionally use a soil suspension
tivated sludge to obtain the initial ini-
al population. Determine the exist -
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL) 529
ence of a satisfactory population by testing
the performance of the seed in BOD tests
on the sample. BOD values that increase
with time of adaptation to a steady high
value indicate successful seed adaptation.
In making tests, use enough seed to assure
satisfactory numbers of microorganisms
but not so much that the oxygen demand
of the seed itself is a major part of the
oxygen used during incubation.
Determine BOD of the seeding material
as for any other sample. This is the seed
control. From the value of the seed control
and a knowledge of the seeding material
dilution (in the dilution water) determine
seed DO uptake. To determine a sample
DO uptake subtract the seed DO uptake
from the total DO uptake. The DO uptake
of the seeded dilution water should be be-
tween 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L.
Techniques for adding seeding material
to dilution water are described for two sam-
ple dilution methods (11 5)).
e. Sample pretreatment.:
1) Samples containing caustic alkalinity
or acidity —Neutralize samples to pH 6.5
to 7.5 with a solution of sulfuric acid
(H,SO4) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of
such strength that the quantity of reagent
does not dilute the sample by more than
0.5%. The pH of seeded dilution water
should not be affected by the lowest sample
dilution.
2) Samples containing residual chlorine
compounds —If possible, avoid samples
containing residual chlorine by sampling
ahead of chlorination processes. If the sam-
ple has been chlorinated but no detectable
chlorine residual is present, seed the dilu-
tion water. If residual chlorine is present,
dechlorinate and seed the dilution water
(5j). Do not test chlorinated/dechlorinated
samples without seeding the dilution water.
In some samples chlorine will dissipate
within 1 to 2 h of standing in the light.
This often occurs during sample transport
and handling. For samples in which chlo-
rine residual does not dissipate in a rea-
sonably short time, destroy chlorine
residual by adding Na2SO, solution. De-
termine required volume of Na,SO, solu-
tion on a 100- to 1000-mL portion of
neutralized sample by adding 10 mL of
1 + 1 acetic acid or 1 + 50 H,SO.,
10 mL potassium iodide (KI) solution
(10 g/100 mL), and titrating with 0.025N
Na,SO, solution to the starch -iodine end
point. Add to the neutralized sample the
volume of Na2SO, solution determined by
the above test, mix, and after 10 to 20 min
check sample for residual chlorine.
3) Samples containing other toxic sub-
stances —Certain industrial wastes, for ex-
ample, plating wastes, contain toxic metals,
Such samples often require special study
and treatment.
4) Samples supersaturated with DO —
Samples containing more than 9 mg DO/
L at 20°C may be encountered in cold
waters or in water where photosynthesis
occurs. To prevent loss of oxygen during
incubation of such samples, reduce DO to
saturation at 20°C by bringing sample to
about 20°C in partially filled bottle while
agitating by vigorous shaking or by aer-
ating with compressed air.
5) Sample temperature adjustment —
Bring samples to 20 ± 1°C before making
dilutions.
6) Nitrification inhibition —If nitrifica-
tion inhibition is desired add 3.33 mg 2-
chloro-6 (trichloro methyl) pyridine to
each bottle before capping or add sufficient
amounts to the dilution water to make a
final concentration of 10 mg/L. Samples
that may require nitrification inhibition in-
clude, but are not limited to, biologically
treated effluents, samples seeded with bi-
ologically treated effluents, and river
waters. Note the use of nitrogen inhibition
in reporting results.
f Dilution technique: Dilutions that re-
sult in a residual DO of at least 1 mg/L
and a DO uptake of at least 2 mg/L after
5 d incubation produce the most reliable
results. Make several dilutions of prepared

530 ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
sample to obtain DO uptake in this range.
Experience with a particular sample will
permit use of a smaller number of dilutions.
A more rapid analysis, such as COD, may
be correlated approximately with BOD and
serve as a guide in selecting dilutions. In
the absence of prior knowledge, use the
following dilutions: 0.0 to 1.0% for strong
industrial wastes, 1 to 5% for raw and
settled wastewater, 5 to 25% for biologi-
cally treated effluent, and 25 to 100% for
polluted river waters.
Prepare dilutions either in graduated cyl-
inders and then transfer to BOD bottles or
prepare directly in BOD bottles. Either di-
lution method can be combined with any
DO measurement technique. The number
of bottles to be prepared for each dilution
depends on the DO technique and the num-
ber of replicates desired.
When using graduated cylinders to pre-
pare dilutions, and when seeding is nec-
essary, either add seed directly to dilution
water or to individual cylinders before di-
lution. Seeding of individual cylinders
avoids a declining ratio of seed to sample
as increasing dilutions are made. When di-
lutions are prepared directly in BOD bot-
tles and when seeding is necessary, add seed
directly to dilution water.
1) Dilutions prepared in graduated cyl-
inders —If the azide modification of the ti-
trimetric iodometric method (Section
421B) is used, carefully siphon dilution
water, seeded if necessary, into a 1- to 2-
L-capacity graduated cylinder. Fill cylin-
der half full without entraining air. Add
desired quantity of carefully mixed sample
and dilute to appropriate level with dilution
water. Mix well with a plunger -type mixing
rod; avoiding entraining air. Siphon mixed
dilution into two BOD bottles. Determine
initial DO on one of these bottles. Stopper
the second bottle tightly, water -seal, and
incubate for 5 d at 20°C. If the membrane
electrode method is used for DO measure-
ment, siphon dilution mixture into one
BOD bottle. Determine initial DO on this
bottle and replace any displaced contents
with sample dilution to fill the bottle. Stop-
per tightly, water -seal, and incubate for 5
d at 20°C.
2) Dilutions prepared directly in BOD
bottles —Using a wide -tip volumetric pipet,
add the desired sample volume to individ-
ual BOD bottles of known capacity. Fill
bottles with enough dilution water, seeded
if necessary, so that insertion of stopper
will displace all air, leaving no bubbles. For
dilutions greater than 1:100 make a pri-
mary dilution in a graduated cylinder be-
fore making final dilution in the bottle.
When using titrimetric iodometric methods
for DO measurement, prepare two bottles
at each dilution. Determine initial DO on
one bottle. Stopper second bottle tightly,
water -seal, and incubate for 5 d at 20°C. If
the membrane electrode method is used for
DO measurement, prepare only one BOD
bottle for each dilution. Determine initial
DO on this bottle and replace any displaced
contents with dilution water to fill the bot-
tle. Stopper tightly, water -seal, and incu-
bate for 5 d at 20°C.
g. Determination of initial DO: If the
sample contains materials that react rap-
idly with DO, determine initial DO im-
mediately after filling BOD bottle with
diluted sample. If rapid initial DO uptake
is insignificant, the time period between
preparing dilution and measuring initial
DO is not critical.
Use the azide modification of the iodo-
metric method (Section 421B) or the mem-
brane electrode method (Section 42I F) to
determine initial DO on all sample dilu-
tions, dilution water blanks, and where ap-
propriate, seed controls.
For activated sludge samples use either
the membrane electrode method or the
CuSO,-sulfamic acid modification of the io-
dometric method (Section 421E). For muds
use either the membane electrode method
or the alum flocculation modification of the
iodometric method (Section 421D).
h. Dilution water blank: Use a dilution
01
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCI
water blank as a rough cf
of unseeded dilution wat
of incubation bottles. TI
batch of samples incu
unseeded dilution water.
and final DO as in
DO uptake should not
mg/L and preferably n
mg/L.
i. Incubation: Incubat
BOD bottles containing
seed controls, dilution
glucose-glutamic acid c
bottles as described in 5
j. Determination of fit
incubation determine D
tions, blanks, and check
6. Calculation
When dilution water
BOD, mg/L =
When dilution water
BOD, mg/L —
(D, —1
where:
D, = DO of diluted san
preparation, mg/
D, = DO of diluted s:
bation at 20°C, n
P = decimal volumes:
used,
B, = DO of seed cunt
mg/L,
B, = DO of seed con
mg/L, and
f = ratio of seed in sa
= (% seed in D
If more than one san
the criteria of a residua
mg/L and a DO depleti
L and there is no evid
higher sample concentr

ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (500)
and replace any displaced contents
sample dilution to fill the bottle. Stop-
ightly, water -seal, and incubate for 5
Dilutions prepared directly in BOD
s—Using a wide -tip volumetric pipet,
he desired sample volume to individ-
OD bottles of known capacity. Fill
s with enough dilution water, seeded
:essary, so that insertion of stopper
isplace all air, leaving no bubbles. For
ons greater than 1:100 make a pri-
dilution in a graduated cylinder be-
uiaking final dilution in the bottle.
using titrimetric iodometric methods
0 measurement, prepare two bottles
3i dilution. Determine initial DO on
Bottle. Stopper second bottle tightly,
-seal, and incubate for 5 d at 20°C. If
embrane electrode method is used for
ieasurement, prepare only one BOD
for each dilution. Determine initial
a this bottle and replace any displaced
its with dilution water to fill the bot-
:opper tightly, water -seal, and incu-
or 5 d at 20°C.
Determination of initial DO: If the
e contains materials that react rap-
vith DO, determine initial DO im-
tely after filling BOD bottle with
d sample. If rapid initial DO uptake
ignificant, the time period between
ing dilution and measuring initial
not critical.
the azide modification of the iodo-
: method (Section 421 B) or the mem-
electrode method (Section 421F) to
:tine initial DO on all sample dilu-
dilution water blanks, and where ag-
ate, seed controls.
activated sludge samples use either
lembrane electrode method or the
,-sulfamic acid modification of the io-
ric method (Section 421 E). For muds
:her the membane electrode method
alum flocculation modification of the
etric method (Section 421D).
)ilution water blank: Use a dilution
OXYGEN DEMAND (BIOCHEMICAL) 531
water blank as a rough check on the quality
of unseeded dilution water and cleanliness
of incubation bottles. Together with each
batch of samples incubate a bottle of
unseeded dilution water. Determine initial
and final DO as in 5g and 5j. The
DO uptake should not be more than 0.2
mg/L and preferably not more than 0.1
mg/L.
i. Incubation: Incubate at 20°C ± 1°C
BOD bottles containing desired dilutions,
seed controls, dilution water blanks, and
glucose-glutamic acid checks. Water -seal
bottles as described in 5f.
j. Determination of final DO.• After 5 d
incubation determine DO in sample dilu-
tions, blanks, and checks as in 5g.
6. Calculation
When dilution water is not seeded:
BOD, mg/L — D, — D,
When dilution water is seeded:
BOD, mg/L =
(D,—D,)—(B,—B,)f
where:
D, = DO of diluted sample immediately after
preparation, mg/L,
= DO of diluted sample after 5 d incu-
bation at 20'C, mg/L,
P = decimal volumetric fraction of sample
used,
B, = DO of seed control before incubation,
mg/L,
B. = DO of seed control after incubation,
mg/L, and
ratio of seed in sample to seed in control
= (% seed in D,)/(% seed in B,).
f=
If more than one sample dilution meets
the criteria of a residual DO of at least 1
mg/L and a DO depletion of at least 2 mg/
L and there is no evidence of toxicity at
higher sample concentrations or the exist-
ence of an obvious anomaly, average results
in the acceptable range.
In these calculations, corrections are not
made for DO uptake by the dilution water
blank during incubation. This correction is
unnecessary if dilution water meets the
blank criteria stipulated above. If the di-
lution water does not meet these criteria,
proper corrections are difficult and results
become questionable.
7. Precision and Accuracy
In a series of interlaboratory studies!
each involving 86 to 102 laboratories (and
as many river water and wastewater seeds),
5-d BOD measurements were made on syn-
thetic water samples containing a 1:1 mix-
ture of glucose and glutamic acid in the
total concentration range of 5 to 340 mg/
L. The regression equations for mean value,
X -, and standard deviation, S, from these
studies were:
X = 0.665 (added level, mg/L) — 0.149
S = 0.120 (added level, mg/L) + 1.04
For the 300-mg/L mixed primary stand-
ard, the average 5-d BOD was 199.4 mg/
L with a standard deviation of 37.0 mg/L.
8. References
1. YOUNG, J.C. 1973. Chemical methods for ni-
trification control. J. Water Pallut. Control Fed.
45:637.
2. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,
OFFICE OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT.
1978. Personal communication, D.W. Ballinger
to G.N. McDermott. Environmental Monitor-
ing & Support Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
9. Bibliography
THERIAULT, E.J., P.D. MCNAMEE & C.T. BUT-
TERFIELD. 1931. Selection of dilution water
for use in oxygen demand tests. Pub. Health
Rep. 46:1084.
LEA, W.L. & M.S. NIcHoIs. 1937. Influence of
phosphorus and nitrogen on biochemical oxy-
gen demand. Sewage Works J. 9:34.

NRECD - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT T15: 02B .0500
1502 North Market Street
Washington, North Carolina 278.89
9 19 /9 46 - 6 4 81
(G) Wilmington Regional Office
Regional Supervisor
Division of Environmental Management
7225 Wrightsville Avenue
Wilmington, North Carolina 28401
919/256-4161
(H) Winston-Salem Regional Office
Regional Supervisor
Division of Environmental. Management
8003 North Point Boulevard
Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106
919/761-2351
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 14 3- 215. 1 (b) ;
143-215.64; 143-215.65; 143-215.68;
Eff. February 1, 1976;
Amended Eff. December 1, 1984; November 1, 1978.
.0507 IMPLEMENTATION
History Note: Statutory Authority G.S. 143-215.68;
143-215.64 to 143-215.66;
Eff. February 1, 1976;
Amended Eft. November 1, 1978;
Repealed Eff. December 1, 1984.
.0508 • TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS APPLICABLE TO SICs
la) Determination of Type and Frequency of Tests and
Measurements
11) Introduction. The tables set forth in this Rule are
designed to indicate, for any particular water
pollution control facility or point source, the
standard tests and measurements which are to be
performed, the frequency with which the tests and
measurements are to be made, and the location and
mininimum number of sampling points that are required.
/2) Determination of Facility Class and 410 Numbers.
Before these tables may be used, the standard
industrial classification(s) of the activities
discharging to the water pollution control facility
must be determined from The Standard Industrial
Classification Manual (Superintendent of Document, U.S.
GDvern rent Printing Office) , 1972 or subsequent
editions. The classification of the facility as
NORTH CAROLI N A ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 01/02/85 28-69

NRFCD - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT T15: 02B .0500
determined by the wastewater Treatment Plant Operators
Certification Commission, must also be known.
1b) "codification of Test(s) or Measurement (s) Requirements
11) If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the
director that any of the tests and measurements,
sampling points, or frequency of sampling requirements,
as required in this Rule for a particular SIC group,
are not applicable to the discharge of a particular
water pollution control facility, or if it can be shown
that the objectives of this Section can be achieved by
other acceptable means, then such requirements may be
Waived or modified to the extent that the division,
determines to be appropriate.
_12) In addition to the tests and measurements as listei in
this Rule applicable to each of the SIC groups, persons
subject to this Section may be required to perform such
additional tests and measurements at such sampling
points and with such frequency as are determined by the
director to be necessary to adequately monitor
constituents of the waste discharge and their effect
upon the receiving waters.
Sc) Unclassified Activities
11) Any person owning or operating a water pollution
control facility who determines that a major SIC
group (s) is not listed in this Rule for an activity
subject to this Section shall so notify the division.
12) The director shall prescribe the number and location of
sampling points and the frequency with which tests and
measurements must be made for such pollutant or
pollutant effects as it shall deem necessary to
properly monitor the quality of waste discharges
resulting from any activity subject to this Section
which is not included in the major SIC groups set forth
in this Rule and to properly monitor effects of the
discharges upon the waters of this state.
(d) Index of Major Standard Industrial Groups
SIC Number
0200-0299
1400-1499
2000-2099
2100-2199
2200-2299
2400-2499
2500-2599
2600-2699
Major Products or Services
Agricultural Production -- Livestock
Mining
Food and Beverage Processing
Tobacco Processing
Textile Processing
Lumber and Wood Products Except Furniture
Manufacturing of Furniture and Fixtures
Paper and Allied Products
NORTH CAROLINA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 01/02/85 2B-70

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CITY OF DURHAM
NORTH CAROLINA
Uchartinent it'ater Resources
CITY OF MEDICINE
July 10, 1987
Mr. R. Paul Wilms. Director
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
REF: Farrington Road Wastewater
Treatment Plant
City of Durham
Dear Mr. Wilms:
In response to your letter of June 22, 1987, we would like to meet with you
one day next week to discuss requirements for a water quality assessment for
the Farrington Road Wastewater Treatment Plant. The timing of the meeting
is important to us to prepare for Council meetings the following week of
July 20th and also in maintaining our overall schedule.
Results of the water quality analysis may have a significant impact on the
project schedule, costs, and on our ongoing design of biological phosphorus
removal facilities. We need to establish as soon as possible the required
methods and approach for the water quality assessment, especially with respect
to the Corps of Engineers subimpoundment on New Hope Creek.
We would also like to discuss with you the possible need for an environmental
assessment or environmental impact statement for expansion of the Farrington
Road Plant to 15 mgd capacity. As you are aware, southern Durham is currently
experiencing rapid growth due to development of the Research Triangle Park
and Interstate 40. Any delay in expansion of the Farrington Plant could have
a major impact on the Durham area and the region. The requirement of an EIS
could delay construction of plant improvements and expansion to 15 mgd by
a year or more. A public hearing was held on the 201 Amendment for the Far-
rington Road Plant without anyone attending that included a presentation of
expansion to 15 mgd capacity.
We feel confident that the proposed project for the Farrington Road Plant
will improve the reliability of performance and will result in a permanent
and measurable improvement in water quality in New Hope Creek and Jordan Lake.
101 CITY HALL PLAZA, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA Z7701
[phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER

Department of Water Resource.
We would appreciate the opportunity to present the proposed improvements
to the Farrington Road Plant and effect on performance reliability and receiving
water quality.
We thank you for your involvement in the project and your understanding of
the importance of the schedule for the project. We look forward to meeting
with you to discuss the water quality assessment and possible EIS for the
Farrington Road Plant. Let us know if we can provide any information.
Sincerely,
DEPTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
.T. Rolan, Director
ATR/jm
cc: Hazen and Sawyer, P.C.
Orville W. Powell, City Manager
Cecil A. Brown, Sr. Asst. City Manager

CITY OP MFI)ICINI9
CITY OF DURHAM
NORTH CAROLINA
/)eparinirnl c ( Wale,' /;csnrrrc ec
June 12, 1987
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Dear Mr. Wilms:
Ra. ri-F¢ i - n
JIM1� t1.R
RE: Request for Effluent Limits
Farrington Road WWTP
Durham, North Carolina
This letter is to formally request effluent limits for the
Farrington Road Wastewater Treatment Plant expanded to 15 mgd
capacity. The City of Durham requests the following effluent
limits as monthly average values:
Flow
BOD, 5 Day, 20°C
Total Suspended Residue
NH3 as N
Dissolved Oxygen (minimum)
15 mgd
5 mg/1
30 mg/1
0.5 mg/1
7.5 mg/1
The City of Durham agrees to complete a Level C analysis of New
Hope Creek acceptable to the Division of Environmental Management
prior to allowing more than 12 mgd discharged from the plant.
The effluent phosphorus limit will be 2 mg/1 as a quarterly
average based on weekly samples effective January 1, 1990 or upon
completion of construction of facilities for the expanded flow
whichever comes first.
The dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.5 mg/1 is 97.4% of the
saturation concentration at 28°C. The theoretical saturation
concentration at 28°C at sea level is 7.8 mg/1. The theoretical
saturation concentration at the Farrington Road Plant at ele-
vation +240 is approximately 7.7 mg/1. An effluent temperature
of 28°C is based on a reported temperature of 28°C on July 22,
1986 and August 11, 1986 over the period January, 1985 through
January, 1987.
101 CITY HALL PLAZA, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA 27701
[phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER

Mr. R. Paul Wilms
Page 2
June 12, 1987
Diffused air is proposed for post aeration to supplement existing
cascade aeration capacity. Over the period January, 1985 through
January, 1987, the lowest monthly average effluent dissolved
oxygen concentration at the Farrington Road Plant was 7.1 mg/1 in
September, 1986.
We would appreicate your expedient review of the requested
effluent limits for the Farrington Road Plant. Please let us
know if we can provide additional information.
Very truly yours,
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
A. T. Rolan
Director
ATR/cgb
cc: -Mr. Trevor Clements, Water Quality Control Section, Division
of Environmental Management, Post Office Box 27687,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Mr. Curt Fehn, Environmental Protection Agency, Water
Management Division, 345 Courtland Street,
Atlanta, Georgia 30365

Request No. :3466 AB
WASTELOAD ALLOCATION APPROVAL FORM
Permit Number : NC0047597
Facility Name : FARRINGTON ROAD WWTP
Type of Waste : 94 % INDUSTRIAL, 6 % DOMESTIC
Status : EXISTING
Receiving Stream : NEW HOPE CREEK
Stream Class : C-NSW
Subbasin : 030605
County : DURHAM Drainage Area (sq mi) : 74.5
Regional Office : RALEIGH Average Flow (cfs) : 77
Requestor : S. BRIDGES Summer 7010 ((-fs) : 0.2
Date of Request : 9-23-86 Winter 7Q10 (cfs) : 2.
Quad : D 23 NW 30Q2 (cfs) :
RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITS
: Sum/Win
Wasteflow (mgd>: 15
5-Day BOD (mg/l): 5
Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/l): 0.5
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l>: 8.2
TSS (mg/l): 30
Fecal Coliform (#/10i",ml>: 1000
pH (SU>: 6-9
Total Phosphorus (mg/l>: 2
Mercury (ug/l): 0.2
Cyanide (ug/l>: 25
Lead (ug/l): 25
MONITORING
Upstream (Y/N): Y Location: RT 54
Downstream (Y/N): Y Location: SR 1107 AND OTHER DOWNSTREAM SITE (SEE MAP)
PERMIT SHALL REFLECT STAGED DEVELOPMENT IN FLOW IMPLEMENTATION. 1ST STAGE
SHALL BE 12 MGD. THIS FLOW SHALL STAY IN EFFECT UNTIL FACILITY FURNISHES
THE DATA AND RESULTS OF A LEVEL-C STUDY' STUDY REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING
STARTING DATE, ENDING DATE, METHODS, AND REPORTING) SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE
DIRECTOR OF DEM FOR APPROVAL BEFORE 12-1-87.
TOXIC TESTING REQUIREMENT (ATTACHED) PRECLUDES CU, ZN LIMITS BASED ON ACTION
LEVELS. RECOMMEND MONITORING FOR CU, ZN, NI, Cl-), AND CR.
Recommended by ... ... .... .... .... .... ........ Date _
Reviewed by:
Tech. Support Supervisor Date
Regional Supervisor Date
Permits & Engineering Date __________
Water Quality Section Chief Date
RETURN TO TECHNICAL SERVICES BY

----- MODEL RESULTS
Discharger : FARRINGTON ROAD WWTP
Receiving Stream :
SUMMER
15 M8D/5 BOD59 0.5 NH3-N
100 % DO SAT IN EFFLUENT
The End D.O. is 7.97 mg/l.
The End CBOD is 0.03 mg/l.
The End NBOD is 0.00 mg/l.
DO Min CBOD NBOD DO Waste Flow
(mg/l) Milepoint Reach # (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/1) (mgd)
Segment 1 4.84 1.20 2
Reach 1 7.50 2.25 8.11 15.00000
Reach 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000
Reach 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000
Reach 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000

*** MODEL SUMMARY DATA ***
Discharger„ u FARR I NGTON ROAD WW„I„F' 3ubb as i n
Receiving Stream w Stream Class:
Summer '7Q 1 O : 0.a Winter '7(1 {_} : 2.
!design Temperature: 26.
ILENGTHI SLOPE VELOCITY I DEPTH: Kd 1 Kd I K2 I K2 I KN I KN I KNR I KNR
1 mile 1 ft/mil fps l ft !design: 320° ldesign1 320° !design: 320° design1 320°
Segment 1 1 0.701 2.451 0.100 3.95. 0.27 1 0.20 0.36 1 0.32 0.48 1 0.30 0.48 0.00
Reach 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Segment 1 1 1.701 2.451 0.010 112.50 1 0.26 1 0.20 1 0.27 1 0.031 0.48 1 0.30 1 0.48 1 0.00
Reach 2 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Segment 1 I 4.501 2.451 0.100 3.96 0.27 1 0.20 0.36 1 0.32 0.48 1 0.30 0.48 0.00
Reach 3 1 •1 1 ! 1 !
Segment 1 1 7.001 1.401 0.050 5.61 0.26 1 0.20 0.27 1 0.09 0.48 1 0.30 0.48 0.00
Reach 41 11 1 1
! Flow ciw 1 (MOD 1 NBOD 1 D.O.
1 cf I mc:1/1 1 mg/1 1 mg/1
Segment 1 Reach 1
Waste I 23.250 1 7.500 I 2.25o 1 S.110
Headwaters; 0.200 ! 4.500 ! 0. 450 1 5..000
Tributary ! 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
• Runoff 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Segment 1 Reach 2
Waste 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 I 0.000
Tributary 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
• Runoff 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Segment 1 Reach 3
Waste 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Tributary 1 0.{_}0.0001 0.000 1 0.000 I 0.000* Runoff 1 0.020 1 4.500 1 0.450 1 5.000
Segment 1 Reach 4
Waste I 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Tributary 1 0.000 1 0.000 00 1 0.000 1 0.000
* Runoff 1 0.020 1 4.500 1 0.450 1 5.000
* Runoff flow is in c fs/ m i J. e

5e&&kc 04. fci'ivi
-
6 -
1.137A
3'
Ceeek. Cha44e/
•
males
4\
0.�
wrp0U.rt
Iop,
42-11A77
�.� Sc..u S`frean, ma•,,#vr,4
23o Coc&.'
2.8
Sul i10U14 Merit
:an. card-0 4r'_
0.3
. 4.
1. I
(3,7
4 r r. ,n -o v, kA 0. t�[ W tJUT P
0.7
Agprax 1.7
( m)) n .3+ re ct r &
0.4 n7oni l on S'�a"�i 0✓►
SR�lo7 i
2ao Ctr ou r �1
7.0
CCovt$ e G±t 0 ieN,
Aot)

1;roa.0773 , Os oo
-Fear= 7,-E•5"r..le.!—
S74co = D. Zo cfs
W7g1or- 2,a c-is
PA-= 77.aC-FS
�J Gln van C. 0 �a 1t r W L /4 TA V
r` A
slop= 2•4s
slope = I.4l o
/yr roX Sou r l o .S ; foof.C✓1 ✓i v2-
A fetoe, eof c-f .svbrmpouidint+1! OMfie))
Z 1 0 C,o J ou.r
e4
v doD$ C. aknf

St rec, (
#02-0173.Oso0
S7Qt:o= 0. Lo c+s
W76fln = c4S
4=: 17.0 c
E S 1 , ,)9 ctit s f ✓' `4c ler, a td r1 44. e 61-A
M :::7`F.4 ( 2.
,.57Qim = 6,20 cis
w 7QI.o: - 2 , o c-fs
404 r..77. et c-Fs
I R- 7 (0 ►M n t e,'-
S7 ciio = 0..20 c-fs
tu7Qto=2.0 cls
(? A- - 7 g ,.- c fs
L
11 L
"D4= 130 MtI
S74 t n = 0. 3 5 cis
w70to=3.5ocfs
Qv= (34,1cfs
)A = I go
S1Q1o= 6.48c-4s
w7q jo = *8'3 c;3
c-c,s
i�

rno .4 ✓� S rtor
P
fel *10404 /10i
GvL /9
VLe-t-C1._ I t.ea ct L eect_c_13 eefLA. 4
le„- ,,_ c ,1e) 0,7 1,7 •Li•j 70
10
Qu cm&0) IS _ -
S7Q io R.o. (�%lam) 0 0 0,02, 0,0L
Lu7 Q to ee.0. 6._--csAde) 0 0 0. 2 0 6. Lo
(,5, ,P.o. cf%,/e) 6.57 B. 65". l02.3o 7 3.7
.s 10 e_ ,lc� .2. S .2.ys �.'tS 1. ilo
V.1 o c' ( Cfr &/ ..) 0.1 0 .6 1 o . I 0 . l
J or
d,l

^
*
3K
Discharger
Receiving Stream
SUMMER
TEST/BOD/10 M8D
0.01 FPS THROUGH IMPOUNDMENT
---------- MODEL RESULTS ----------
x GTON ROAD WWTP FARRIN
:
The End D.O. is 8.26 mg/l.
The End CBOD is 0.12 mg/I.
WLA WLA WLA
DO Min CBOD NBOB DO Waste F1ow
(mg/I} Milepoint Reach # (mg/I (mg/l) (mg/l) (mgd)
-~--^--- --~~-~-~-- -~----- ---~-
Gegment 1 4.97 1.30 2
Reach 1 4.50 4.50 8.42 10.00000
Reach 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.O0000
Reach 3 0.00 0.00 0.00' 0"00000
Reach 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000

*** MODEL.. SUMMARY DATA ***
Discharger : FARRINGTON ROAD WWTP Subbasin
Receiving Stream Stream Class:
Summer 7Q 1 C> : 0.2 Winter 7010 : 2.
Design Temperature: 22.
!LENGTH: SLOPE VELOCITY 1 DEPTH! Kd I Kd : K2 : K2 I MN I IN I KNR I KNR 1
1 mile I ft/mil fps I ft !design: 320° !design! 320° ;design! 320° !design: 320° 1
Segment 1 1 0.70! 2.451 0.100 13.24 10.22 10,20 10.33 I 0.321 0.35 10.30 10.35 : 0.00 1
Reach 1 :
Segment 1 : 1.701 2.45! 0.010 110.23 1 0.22 ! 0.20 ! 0.22 1 0.03! 0.35 1 0.30 1 0.35 1 0.00 I
Reach 2: 1 1 1 1 1 1
Segment 1 1 4.501 2.451 0.100 13.24 ! 0.22 10.20 1 0.33 ! 0.321 0.35 10.30 10.35 1 0.00 I
Reach 3 I
Segment 1 1 7.00! 1.401 0.100 : 3.25 ! 0.22 1 0.20 10.22 1 0.181 0.35 1 0.30 1 0.35 10.00 I
Reach 4 1
I Flow
! cfs
Segment 1 Reach 1
Waste I 15.500
Heaciwaters 1 0.200
Tributary 1 0.000
* Runoff 1 0,000
rlA..r i+I D { NROD { D.O.
mg/1 ! mg/1 ! mg/1
4.500 I 4.500 : B.420
4.500 : 0.450 I 5.000
0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
0.000 1 0.000 I 0.000
(Segment 1 Reach 2
Waste 1 0.000 1 0„000 1 0.000 I 0„000
Tributary I 0.00:)0 1 0.000 1 0.000 ! 0.000
* Runoff : 0.000 I 0.000 ! 0.000 ! 0.000
Segment 1 Reach 3
Waste I 0„000 ! 0.000
Tributary 1 0,000 I C>.C>c">C>
* Runoff 1 0.020 1 4.500
Segment 1 Reach
4
Waste i 0.000 1 0.000
Tributary 1 0„000 1 0.000
* Runoff I 0.020 1 4.500
{
0.000 1 0.000
0.000 1 0.000
0.450 1 5.000
0.000 { 0.000
0„000 { 0.000
0„450 I 5,.000
* Runoff flow is in cfs/mile

3,1
MODEL RESULTS
Discharger : FARRIN8TON ROAD WWTP
Receiving Stream :
The End D.O. is 6.42 mg/l.
The End CBOD is 0.49 mi.--ill.
The End NBOD is 0.08-mg/l.
SUMMER
TEST/BOD/10 MGD
0.1 FPS THROUGH IMPOUNDMENT
WLA WLA WLA
DO Min Col BOD NBOD DO Waste Flow
(mg /l> Milr,�point Reach # (mg/1) (mg/l} (mg/1) (mgd)
------ ---~--- ---- ---- -- ---
BeQment 1 4.97 4.50 8
Reach 1 4.50 4.50 8.42 10.00000
Reach 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000
Reach 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000
Reach 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00000

*** MODEL.. SUMMARY DATA ***
Discharger « FARRINGTON R(JAD WWTP SubLiasi.n :
Receiving Stream Stream Class„
Summer 7Q10 : 0.2 Winter (7)10 : 2.
Design Temperature: 26
1LENGTH1 SLOPE! VELOCITY 1 DEPTH! Kd 1 Kd 1 K2 1 K2 1 KN KN 1 KNR 1 KNR 1
1 ii1e 1 ftimi1 fps 1 ft !design: 3204 design 3204 !design! 020° :design: 320° 1
Segment 1 1 0.70 2.451 0.100 1 3.24 1 0.27 1 0.20 1 0.36 0.321 0.48 1 0.30 1 0.48 1 0.00 1
Reach 1 1 1 1 1 1
Segment 1 1 1.70 2.45 0.100 1 3.24 1 0.27 1 0.20 1 0.36 0.321 0.48 1 0.30 1 0.48 1 0.00 1
Reach 2 1 1 1 1
Segment 1 1 4.50 2.45 0.100 1 3.24 1 0.27 1 0.20 1 0.36 0.321 0.48 1 0.30 1 0.48 1 0.00 1
Reach 3 1 1 1
Segment 1 1 7.00 1.40 0.100 13.25 1 0.27 1 0.20 1 0.27 0.181 0.48 1 0.30 1 0.48 1 0.00 1
Reach 4 i
1 Flo
I cfs
Segment 1 Reach 1
Waste 1 15.500
Headwaters: 0..200
Tributary 1 0.000
* Runoff f 0.000
CBOD
mg/1
4.500
4.500
0.000
0.000
NBOD
mg/1
4.500
0.450
0.000
0.000
f
1
D.O.
mg/ 1
8.420
5,.00()
4;3„000
0.000
Segment 1 Reach 2
Waste 1 0.000 1 0„cc0 i 0.000 1 0„000
Tributary 1 0,000 1 0.000 i 0.000 : 0.000
'W Runoff i 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Segment 1 Reach 3
Waste 1 0.000 1 0.000
Tributary 1 0.000 1 0.000
* Runoff 1 0.020 1 4.500
,
0.000 1 0.000
0.000 1 0.000
0.450 1 5.000
Segment 1 Reach 4
Waste 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000 1 0.000
Tributary 1 0.000 1 0.00() 1 0,000 1 0.000
* Runoff 1 0.020 1 4.500 1 0.450 1 5..000
* Rttnc+f'f flow 3.f: in c•fs/mi.1e

FARRINGTON ROAD WWTP
NC0047597
LIMITS
Existing
Flow: 10 MGD
RODS: 7 mg/1
NH3 : 2 mg/1
DO : 5 mg/1
MODELING DIFFERENCES
From Meg Kerr's Analysis
Flow: 10 MGD
ROD : 5 mg/1
NH3 : 1 mg/1
DO : 5 mg/1
Current Analysis
Late September July => October
(vet=0.01 fps) (vel=0.1 fps)
Flow=10 or 15 MGD
RODS: 3 mg/1 3 mg/1
NH3 : 1 mg/1 1 mg/1
DO : 8.42 mg/1 8.42 mg/1
S7Q 10=0. 1 c f s
Velocity=0.47 fps
Slope=3.6 fpm
k2=1.52/day
- -upstream--
CROD=S mg/1
NROD=2 mg/1
DO=7.4 mg/1
(9/85)
S7Q10=0.1 cfs
Velocity=0.31,0.01 cfs
Slope=3.6 fpm
k2=0.36/day
- -upstream--
ROD=2 mg/1
D0=7.56 mg/1
S7Q10=0.2 cfs
Slope=2.45, 1.40 fpm
k2:=0.36/day
- -upstream----
CROD=4.5 mg/I
NROD=0.45 mg/1
D0= 5 mg/1

.5..bv"41-6 k•5 Awriasztutsm
Cia2./S1
INPUT CONDITIONS
TEMP= 26.00 DEGREES C TEMP= 73.60 DEGREES F
VEL= 0.34 FT/SEC VEL= 29549 FT/DAY
SAT D.. O. =
INITIAL D.O. =
OXYGEN DEFICIT=
ULTIMATE BOD=
K1 (20) =
K2 (20) =
NG- Q M Le-vE:t. 13 wlo1 ...
�L)I,q 4c-p. 44=LI 71-n
w 111-1 e10 % 54-rL 9.-4yr-t oK!
8.09 m n / 1
6.50 mg/1
1.59 mn/1 (INITIAL)
10.45 mg/I (INITIAL)
0.52 /DAY
1.04 /DAY
KI (T)=
K2(T)=
0.68 /DAY
1.36 /DA Y
MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL IN RE_ACH= 5.00 m D / 1

DIST TIME K1*TIME K2*TIME DEFICIT D.O. POD
CURVE CURVE REMAINING
(tt) (days) (moll) (moil) (mo/1)
0 0. eel ec . 00 0.00 1.59 6. 50 i 0. 45
100 0.03 0.02 0.05 1.75 6.34 10.21
2000 0.07 0. 05 0.09 1.90 6.19 9.98
31.2100 0.10 0.07 0. 14 2.04 6.05 9.75
4000 0.14 O.09 121.18 2.17 5.92 9.52
51100 0.17 0. 12 0.23 2.28 5.81 9.31
6000 0.20 0.14 0.28 2.39 5.70 9.09
70E10 0. 24 0. 1) 0,32 2. 48 5.61 8. 88
8000 0.27 0. 19 0.37 2.57 5. 52 8.68
9000 0.30 0. 21 0.42 2.65 5.44 8. 48
10000 0. 34 0.23 O. 46 2.72 5.37 8.29
11000 0.37 0.25 0.51 2..7F_� 5. 31 6.10
12000 O. 41 0. 28 0.55 2. 84 9.25 7.91
13000 O. 44 0. 30 O. 60 2.89 5.20 7.73
14000 O. 47 0. 32 0.65. 2. 93 5.16 7.55
15000 e.51 O. 35 0.69 2.97 5.12 7..38
16000 0.54 O. 37 0.74 3.00 5. Of-3 7.2 1
17000 O. 58 0.39 O. 79 3.02 5. 0/ 7.05
18000 0.61 O.42 0.83 3.04 5.05 E...88
19000 0.64 0. 44 0.88 3.06 5.03 6.73
20000 O. 68 0. 46 0. 92 3. 07 5.02 6.57
21 000 0. 71 0.49 0.97 3.08 5.. 01 6. 42
22 000 v1.. 74 0.51 1.02 3.09 5. 00 6.28
23000 0.. 78 0.53 1.06 3.09 5.00 6. 13
24000 0. 81 • 0.56 1.11 3.09 5.00 5.99
250 /0. o 0.85 0.58 1.15 3.08 5. 01 5.85
26000 0.88 O. 60 1.20 3.07 5.02 5. 72
27000 0.91 0.63 1.25 3.06 5.03 5.59
28000 0.95 e. 65 1.29 3.05 5 5.04 5.46
29000 0.98 98 0.67 1.34 3. 03 5. 06 5. 34
30000 1. 02 OL . 70 1.39 3,02 5. 0'7 5.21
31000 1.05 0.72 1.43 3.00 5.09 5.09
32000 1. 08 O. 74 1.48 2.98 5. 1 1 4.98
3000 1..12 0.76 1.52 2.95 5.14 4..86
34000 1.15 0.79 1.57 2.93 5.16 4.75
35000 1.18 0.81 1. 62 2.90 5.19 4.64
36000 1. 22 0.83 1.6E 2. 88 5. 21 4.54
37000 1. 25 O. 86 1.71 2.85 5. 24 4.. 43
38000 1.29 0.88 1.76 2.82 5.27 4.33
39000 1.32 0..90 1.80 2.79 5. 30 4.23
40000 1.35 0.93 1.85 2.76 5.33 4.13
41 0i0o 1.39 0C . 95 1.89 2. 73 5.36 4.04
42000 1.42 0.97 1,94 2.69 5.40 3.95
43000 1.46 1.00 1.99 2.66 5.43 3.86
44000 1.49 1.02 2.03 2.63 5.46 3..77
45000 1. 52 I. 04 2.08 2.59 5.50 3.. 68
46V.►�lc 0 1. 56 1. 07 2.12 2.56 5. 53 3.60
47000 1.59 1.09 2. 17 2.52 5. 57 3. 52
48000 1.62 I. 11 2.22 2.49 5,60 3.43
49000 1.66 1.14 2.26 2.45 5.64 3.36
50000 1.69 1.16 2.31 2.42 5.67 3.28
51000 1.73 I. 18 2. 36 2.38 5.71 3.20
52000 1.76 1.21 2.40 2.34 5.75 3.13
53000 1.79 1. 23 2.45 2.31 5.78 3.06
5400121 1.83 1.25 2.49 2.27 5. BP 2.99

55000 1 . 86
56000 1.90
57000 1.93
58000 1.96
59000 2.00
60000zi 2. 03
61000 2. 06
620k00 2. 10
63000 2.13
64000 2.17
65000 2.20
66000 2. 23
67000 2.27
68000 2.30.
69000 2.34
70000 2.37
71000 2. 40
72000 2.44
73000 2.47
74000 2.50Zt
75001Zi 2.54
76000 2.57
77000 2. 61
78000 2.64
79000 2.67
80000 2.71
81 0000 2. 74
82000 2.78
63000 2.81
84000 2.84
85000 2. 88
86000 2.91
87000 2.94
88000 2.98
89000 6.01
901000 3. els
91 000 6. 08
92 000 3.11
93000 3, 15
94000 3.18
95000 3.22
96000 3.25
97000 3.28
98000 3.32
99000 3.35
100000 3.38
1. 27
1.30
1. 32
1. 34
1. 37
.3y
1. 41
1. 44
1.46
1. 48
1. 51
1.53
1. 55
{1. 58
1. 60
1.62
1.65
1.67
1. 6
1.72
1. 74
1. 76
1. 78
1.81
1.83
1.85
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.95
1.97
1.99
2. 02
2.04
2. 06
2. 09
2. 11
2. 13
2. 16
2.18
2, 20
2. 23
2.25
2.2_7
2. 29
2.32
2.54
2.59
2.63
. 63
2. 68
2. 72
2.77
2.. 82
2. 86
2.91
2.96
00 .J.
3.05
3. 09
3. 14
3.19
3.23
3.28
3. 37
3. 42
3.46
3. I. 1
•
.J ..J
3.60
3.65
3.69
3.74 74
3.79
3.83
3.
88
3.93
3.97
4.0L2
4.06
4. 11
4.16
4.2k.
4.25
4.30i
4.34
4.39
F
4. 43
4. 48
4.53
4. 57
4,62
2.24
2.20
2. 17
2.
2. 10
2. 06
2. 03
1.99
1.96
1.92
1. 89
1.86
1.62
1. 79
1.I6
1.73
1. 69
1. 66
1. 63
1. 60
1.57
1. 54
1.51
1.48
1. 45
1. 43
1.40C
1. 3/
• 1. 34
I. 32
1. 29
r
1.27
1.24
1. 22
1.19
1.17
1. 14
1.12
1. 10
1.008
1.0C 5
1
1. 3
1. 01
0. 99
0L . 97
0.95
5.85
5.89
5. 92
5.96
5.99
6.03
6.06
6. 10
6.13
6. 1J17
6.20�
6.23
6.27
6. 30
6.33
M �
6. 36
6. 40
6. 43
6. 4E,
6. 49
6w 52
6. 55
6. 58
6. 61
6.64
6. 66
6. 6J9
6. 72
6.75
6. 77
6.80
6.82
6. 85
6. 87
6. 90
6.92
6.95
6.97
6.99
7. 01
7. 04
7.06
7. 018
7. 10
7.12
7. 14
2w . L.
2.85
2. 79
2. 72
2. 6 6
2. 60
2. 54
2. 48
2. 43
.37
2.32
�r
L.• 2
2.21
2. 16
2. 11
2. 06
2.02
1.97
1. 92
1. 88
1. 84
1.79
1.75
1. 71
1. 67
1.64
1. 60
1.56
1..3
1. 49
1. 46
1. 42
1.,J
r
1. 36
1.33
1. 30
1.27
1. 24
1.21
1. 18
1.1E
1
1. 13
1. 10
1. 08
1.05
1. 03

0
0
r.)
0
NEW HOPE (:REEK BE LO W FA R R 1 N CTO N R D W WT P
Ft; 1 (20) ;: 0. 5? ;Imo. (0) =1. 04
r 1.—r._,.—.—..........._........•...
awat Or
f 1
f
//I
IS /
I /r
15.4 --tir Z ,r
or
f
\ u fr
6 to
r
f
5.8 - \ .1
rf
5 6 —. 5, i rr
\ /
5.4 - \ r
,.ram
5.2 -• .. ,''
r�
K,--T-1-rr-rr rr-ry-rr-rrn—rt-Zrir-rn-r-rrrr-rrr1 r r = r r Y r - rrr Y' r-rv-rl-r -r-rrr rr-rj-rr-rrrrrrrq-r-rrrrrrrrrr-r-rr•rrrl-
0 'I °COr 2(3000 30C X) 4 CO0 5C000 60300 7 0 100 MY30 9000() 'I 00C 0
15.8 -.
DIST I7.)tirt<NET 1`RPY1 OF Q TALL (FT)

INPUT CONDITIONS
TEMP= 26.00 DEGREES C
VEL= 0.34 FT/SEC
SAT D.O. =
INITIAL D.Q.
INITIAL BOD-5=
INITIAL NH3 --N=
8.09 mall
6.50 rna/1
5.00 mail
2.00 mg/I
I erg Ptc291 Fj c-p l\l 07 e-L.
4-r 401-11-4 -e- 2 v-► 04 C,
v\l %Ti-1 S OTo '4Tu [ -A ho
TEMP= 73.60 DEGREES F
VEL= 29549 FT/DAY
INITIAL NBOD- 9.14 rni /I
INITIAL CBOD= 7.50 mg/1
ULTIMATE BOD= 16.64 mr'/I
DECAY AND REAERATION CONSTANTS
i:d (20) = 0.22 /DAY Kd (T) = 0.29 /DAY
Kn (20) = 0.30 /DAY f:r, (T) = 0.40 /DAY
Ka (2 0) = 1.04 /DAY Ka(T) = 1.36 /DAY
MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATI GIN= 5. 12 mra /L

DIST TIME Kd*T Kn*T Ka*T D.O. CEQD NBOD
CURVE CONC CONC
(ft) (days) (mo/I) (mg/1) (moil)
0 0. 00 00. fz (0. 000 0. tree
1000 0. 03 0. 010 0. 0.13 0. 04E.
20100 O. 07 0. 020 O. 027 O. 092
3000 O. 10 0. 0310. 0. 040 0w 139
4000 O. 14 O. 040 0.12153 0. 185
5000 0.. 17 O. 049 O. 067 O. 231
6000 O. 20 0. 059 O. 080 0. 277
7000 0w 24 0. 069 O. 094 O. 323
8000 01. 27 O. 079 O. 107 7 O. 369
900.0C 0.30 0.0189 0.120 0.416
10000 '21.34 O.099 0.134 0.462
11000 O. 37 0. 109 el. 147 O. 508
12000 0.41 0.119 0.160 O.554
13000 0. 44 0. 129 O. 174 0. 600
i140�0j 0 al.
47 0. {13'Q9 O. �1f 87 (0. 6/4 7
1 J000 0. 51 O. 1 48 0. 201 0. 6✓ 1
16000 0.54 0.158 0.214 0.739
17000 O. 58 0. 168 0. 227 O. 781
18000 0, 61 0. 178 O. 241 0. 831
19000 0. 64 O. 188 0. 254 0. 878
20000 0.6E 0.198 0.267 0.924
21012)0. 0. 71 0w 208 O. 281 O. 970
22000 0.74 O.218 0.294 1.016
23000 O. 78 0.. 228 0. 308 1.. 062
24000 el. 7 O8 1 0. 238 0►. 321 1. 108
2500121 0, 85 O. 24 O. 334 1. 155
26000 O. 88 0. 257 O. 348 1. 201
27000 O. 91 0. 267 0. 361 1. 247
280002.1 0. 95 O. 277 O. 174 1.293
29000 0. 98 O. 287 O. 388 1.339
30000 1.
02 O. 297 O. 401 1. 386
31000 1. 05 0w 307 O. 415 1. 432
32000 1. 08 0. 317 O. 428 I.478
33000 1.12 0.327 0.441 1.524
34000 1. 15 O. 336 O. 455 1. 570
35000 1. 18 0. 346 0w 468 1. 616
36000 I. 22 . j0. 356 el. 481 1. 6E.3
37000 1.25 0.. 366 0..4 95 I.. 709
38000 I. 29 O. 376 O. 508 1. 755
3900121 1. 32 Ow 386 0. 522 1. 801
40000 1. 35 O. 396 0. 535 I.847
41000 1, 39 O. 406 0, 548 1.894
42000 1. 42 0. 416 O. 562 I.940
43000 1.46 0. 426 0. 575 1.986
44000 1. 49 O. 435 0. 588 2, 032
45000 1. 52 0. 445 0.602 2.078
46000 1. 56 0. 455 0. 615 2.125
47000 1.5 9 0. 465 0. 629 2. 171
48000 1. 62 O. 475 O. 642 2 .217
49000 1.66 0.485' 0.655 2.263
50000 1.69 0.495 0.669 2.309
51 000 1.73 0. 505 O.682 2. 355
52 000 1. 76 O. 515 0. 695 2.402
53000 1. 79 O. 525 0. 709 2. 448
54000 1. 83 O. 534 O. 722 2. 494
6. 50 7. 50
6. 38 7. 43
6, 27 7. 35
6. 17 7. 28
6./07 7.21 7 5. 8 7. 14
5.89 7.0t7
5. el 7. 00
5.74 6.93
5. 67 6. 86
5. 61 9 6. 7
J. ..}r.J 6. 73
5, 50 6. 66
5w 45 6. 59
5.41 6.53
5. 37 6. 47
5. 33 6. 411
5. 30 6. 34
5.•27 6. 28
5. 2 4 6. 21
5 `''' 6 15
5. 20 6. 09
5. 18 6. 03
5. 17 5. 97
5. 15 5. 91
5. 14 5. 86
5. 14 5, 80
5. 13 . 4
5. 12 5. 68
5. 12 5. 63
5. 12 5. 57
5�
v w 12 .c Jw �J5
G
5. 13 5. 46
5w13 5w41
5. 13 5. 36
5w 14 5. 30
5. 15
5. 16 5. 20
5. 17 5. 15
5.18 5.10
5. 195 . 05
5. 20 5. 00
5. 22 4. 95
5. 23 4. 90
5. 25 4. 85
5.26 4.80
5.28 4.76
5.30 4.71
5. 31 4. 6E6
5. 33 4w 62
5. 35 4. 57
5. 37 4. 53
5. 39 4. 48
5.41 4.44
5. 43 4. 40
9. 14
9. 02
8. 90
8. 76
8.66
8.55
8.44
S. 32
8.21
8. 10
8.00
7. 89
7. 78
7.68
7.58
7. 48
7.38
7.28
7.18
7.09
6.99
6. 70
6.81
6.72
6. 63
6.54
6. 46
6.37
6.29
6. 20
6. 12
6.04
5, 96
5. 88
5.80
5.72
5. 65
C' 7
5.50
w43
M
5.28
5.21
5. 14
5.07
5. 01
4. 94
4. 87
4. 81
4.75
4. 68
4.62
4. 56
4. 50
4. 44

55000 1.86 O. 544 121. 736 2.540 5.45 4.35 4.38
561210121 1.90 0.554 0.749 2.586 5.47 4.31 4.32
57001Z1 1. 93 O. 564 rtc .762 2. 633 5, 49 4. 27 4. 26
58000 1. '36 O. 574 O. 776 2. 679 5. 51 4. 22 4. 21
5900, etv1 1„ 584 tc , 789 2. 725 5. 5.j 4. 18 4. 15
6012100 2.1213 O. 594 O. 802 2. 771 5. 55 4. 14 4. 10
61000 2. 06 0. 604 1%. 816 2. 817 5. 57 4. 10 4. 04
62000 2. 10 0. 614 O. 829 2. 863 5. 60 4. 06 3. 99
63000 2. 13 0. 623 et. 84.E 2. 910 5. 62 4. 02 3, 94
64000 2. 17 0. 633 0. 856 2. 956 5. 64 3. 98 3. 88
65000 2.. 20 0. 643 O. 869 3. 002 5. 66 6. 94 3. 83
66000 2. 2.3 0, 653 O. 883 3. 048 5. 68 90 3. 78
67000 P. P7 0, 663 0. 896 3. 094 5. 70 3. 86 3.. 73
680idkl 2. 30 O. 673 0. 909 3.141 5. 73 3. 83 3. 68
6912100 2. 34 0. 683 O. 923 3. 187 5. 75 3. 79 3.. 63
70000 2. 37 O. 6 w 121. 936 3. 233 5. 77 3. 75 3. 58
71001,D 2., 40 O. 702., 0. 950 3. 279 5. 7 9 3. 71 3. 54
72121021 2. 44 0. 713 e"t. 963 3. 325 5. 81 3. 68 3. 49
730.00 2. 47 O. 722 0. 976 3. 371 5. 84 3. 64 3. 44
74000 2. 50 et. 732 L 0. 9902.1 3. 418 5. 86 3. 61 3. 40
75000 r . 54 0. 742 I. 003 3. 464 5. 88 3. 57 3. 35
76,0wo 2. 57 O. �752 1. 016 3. 510 5. /90 3. 543. 31
77000.1 2. EA 0/. 6! 1. 030 3. 556 J. 72 3. 50 J. 26
78000 2. 64 0. 772 1. 043 6� 3. 02 5. 955 3. 47 3. 22
79000 2.67 0. 782 1.057 3.649 5.97 3. 43 3. 18
80000 2. 71 O. 792 1. et 7k1 3. 695 5. 99 3. 40 3. 14
81000 2. 74 O. 802 1. 083 3. 741 6. G.111. 3. 36 3. 09
8200c 0 2. 78 0, 812 1. 097 3. 787 6. 03 3. 33 3. 05
83000 2. 81 O. 821 1. 110 3. 833 6. 05 3. 30 3. 01
84000 2.84 0.831 1.123 3.880 6.07 3.27 2.97
85000 2. 88 0. 841 1. 137 3. 926 6. 10 3. 23 2. 93
86000 2.91 O.851 1.150 ,3.972 6.12 3.20 2.89
87000 2.94 O. 861 1.164 4.016 6.14 3.17 2.86
88000 2. '38 O. 871 1. 177 4. 064 6. 16 3. 14 2. 82
89000 3. 01 O. 881 1. 190 4. 110 6. 18 3. 11 2. 78
90000 3. 05 et, 891 1. 204 4. 157 6. 20 3. kM 2. 74
91000 3. 08 111.. 901 1. 217 4. 203 6. 22 3.. 05 tom'. 71
92 000 3. 1 1 O. 911 1. 230 4. 249 6, 24 3. 02 2. 67
93000 3. 15 0.920 1.244 4.295 6.26 2. 99 2. 63
94000 3. 18 O. 930 1. 257 4. 341 6. 28 2. 96 2. 60
95000 3. 22 O. 940 1. 271 4. 388 6. 30 2. 93 2. 57
9601210. 3. 25 O. 950 1. 284 4. 434 6. 32 2. 90 2. 53
97v:+00 3. 28 0. 960 1. 297 4. 480 6. 34 2. 87 2. 50
9812100 3. 32 0, 9 7 0 1. 311 4. 526 6. 36 2. 84 2. 46
99000 3.35 0.980 1.324 4.572 6.37 2.82 2.43
100000 3. 38 0. 990 1. 33 7 4. 618 6. 39 2. 79 2. 40

NEW HOF E CREEK E3EL04ti' FARRI N CTON R D WWTP
6.4 —
6.3
} gyp
6.2
6.1
5.5
54
5.3
5.2
5.1
ti,
3
Krjr20a =0.2 ;Kn(90)=0.20;Ko(2C})=-1 .04
rrrrrrrrrr-rrTTrrrr-rr"rrrrl r r-rr-rrr -rrr-r,rr-rr-rrTrr r i- rrr rrr'n--rrrr'rrrrrr' rrrrr-rrrrr-r-r-rrs-rrrrrrl-
0 'I c00 20
30000 40000 50000 '50000700:00 3 CC00 9,C000 COC.4:.)0
LIST DO'tir NS-I-REAMri OF OUTFALL (FT)

INPUT CONDITIONS
TEMP= 14.00 DEGREES C TEMP= 54.40 DEGREES F
VEL= 0.34 FT/SEC VEL= 29549 FT/DAY
SAT D„ 0.. =
INITIAL D.0.=
OXYGEN DEFICIT=
ULTIMATE BCJD=
K1 (20) =
K2 (20) =
1,16. t-rA Lc,.9 S M0v1gt
,a-i wi 1.1 4.4. Gvt--p ►'A -'I S
v\l Irk e)o(Po 9 cvr .)r c3Q
10.29 ma/ 1
8.28 mi /1
2.01 mn/1 (INITIAL)
18.85 r / 1 (INITIAL)
0.52 /DAY
1.04 / DA Y
K1 (T)=
K2Cr) =
0. 3S /DAY
0.7S /DAY
MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL IN REACH= 5.00 ma/1

DIST TIME K1*TIME X2*TIME DEFICIT 0. 0w 80D
CURVE CURVE REMAINING
(ft) (days) (mg/1) (rns /1) (mg/1)
0 el. 00 0. Sella 0. 00 2. 01
{8� . 28 16. L8
10.00 O. 03 O. 01 el.t
. 703 2. 21 8. 08 18. 60
2000 0. 07 0. 03 0. 05 2. 39 7. 91Z1 18, 35
3000 Ow 10 0w 04 0w 08 2w 57 7. 72 18. 11
4000 0.14 O.05 0.11 2.74 7.55 17.87
5012)0 O. 17 0. 07 O. 13 2. 90 7. 39 17. 63
6000 0.20 O.08 O. 16 6.06 7.23 17.40
7000 O. 24 0. 019 0. 19 3...20 7n � 10 7. 17
8000 et. 27 O. 1 1 O. 21 3. 34 6. 516, 94
900.0 0. 30 Ow 12 0w 24 3. 48 6. 81 16. i
1130Q.10 O. 34 0. 13 0. 27 3. 61 6. 68 16, 49
11000 O. 37 0. 15 V.I. 2 9 3. 73 6. 56 16. 27
12000 O.41 0.16 0. 32 3.84 6.45 16.06
13000 0.44 O.17 O. 35 3.95 6.34 15.84
14000 0. 47 0. 19 0. 37 4. 05 6. 24 15. 63
15000 O. 51 0. 20 01. 40 4w 15 6w 14 15w 43
16000 0. 54 V.I. 21 V.I. 43 4. 25 6. 04 15. 2 2
17000 0., 58 0. 23 O. 45 4. 33 5.9E 15. 02
18000 e1. 61 0. 24 01. 48 4. 42 5. 87 14, 82
19000 O. E14 0. 25 0. 51 4. 49 5. 80 14. 62
20000 O. 88 O.2 7 O. 53 4. 57 5. 72 14. 43
21000 01. 71 V.I. 28 0. 56 4. 64 5. 65 14. 24
22000 O. 74 O. 29 0. 59 4. 70 5. 59 14. 05
23000 0. 78 vow 31 VI. 61 4. 76 5. 53 13. 86
24000 0 0. 81 O. 32 0. 64 4. 82 5. 47 13. 68
2�5000 (ZI. 85 0. 33 k. 67 4. 67 5w 42 13. 50
86OO13 0. 88 0, 35 0. 69 4. 92 5. 37 13. 32
27000 0. 91 0, 36 0. 72 4. 97 5. 32 13. 14
280O0 0.95 O.37 0.75 5.01 5.28 12.97
29000 0.. 98 V.I. 39 O. 77 5. 05 5. 24 12. 80
30000 1. k 2 O. 40 O. 80 5. 08 5. 21 12. 63
310001 1.05 O.41 0.83 5.11 ..18 12.46
32000 1. IZ18 O. 43 0, 85 5. 14 5. 15 12. 29
3 3 000w 1 1 1 2 0w 4 4 01w 8 6 2 15w l i 5w 1 /: 1«.n 13
34000 1. 15 O. 45 O. 90 5. 19 S. 10 11. 97
35000 1. 18 0. 47 O. 93 5w 2' 1 5. 06 11. 81
36000 1. 22 Ot, 48 IZt. 96 5. 2 3 5. 06 11. 65
37000 1. 25 O. 49 0. 98 5. 24 5. 05 11. 50
38000 1. 2.9 O. 51ee 1. 01 5. 26 5. 03 11. 35
..I 3000 1. 32 0, 52 1. 04 5..5..0 27 «' 11. 20
40000 1. 35 0. 53 1. 06 5. 28 5. 1711 11.0s
41000 1 w 39 0. 55 1. 09 5. 28 54,01 10. 90
42 01z10 1.42 0.56 1. 12 5.29 5.00 10.76
43000 1. 46 O. 57 1. 14 5. 2.9 5. 00 10. 61
440f0(.1 1.49 O.59 1.17 5.29 5.00 10.47
45000 1. 52 k . 60 1. 20 5. P 9 5. 0O 10. 33
46000 1. 56 0. GI 1. 22 5. 28 5. 01 10. 20
470007.1 1. 59 0. 63 1. 25 5. 28 5. 01 10n 06
481ZI00 1. 62 0. 64 1. 28 5. 27 5. 02 9. 93
49000 1. 66 0. 65 1.. 30 5. 26 5. 03 9. 80
50000 1.69 O.67 1.33 5.25 5.04 9.67
51000 1. 73 0. 68 1. 36 5. 24 5. 05 9. 54
52000 1. 76 0. 69 1. 38 5. `3• 5. 06 9. 41
530O0 1.79 0.71 1.41 5.21 5.08 9.29
54000 1. 83 0. 72 1. 44 5. 20 5., 09 9. 16

55000 In 86 0. 73 1. 46 5. 18 5. 1 1 . 04 -
56000 1. 90 0. 75 1. 49 5. 16 5, 13 8.92
57000 1. 93 0. 76 1. 52 5n 15 5. 14 8n 80
58000 1.9E 0, 771. 5^4� 5. 13 5. 16 8. 69
59000 2. 00 0. 79 1. 57 5. 10 5.1 9 8. 57
60O00 2. 0,3 O. 80 1. 607'0 5. 08 5. ►P 1 8. 46
6 1 k k o 2. 06 0. 81 1. 62 5. 06 5. 23 an 34
62O00 2. 100 O. 83 1. 65 5. 04 5, 25 8. 23
63000 O0 2. 13 O. 84 1. 68 5. 01 5. 28 8. 12
6400O 2.17 O.85 1.70 4.99 5.30 8.02
65000 2.20 O. 87 1. 73 4. 96 5. 33 7. 91
6600O 2.23 O.88 1.76 4.93 5.36 7.81
67000 2. 27 0.90 1. 78 4. 91 5. 38 7. 70
68i1.10O 2.30 0.91 1.81 4.88 5.41 7.60
690000 2. 34 O. 92 1. 84 4. 85 5. 44 7. 50
7V.I000 2.37 0.94 1.86 4.82 5.47 7.40
71000 2.40 0.95 1.89 4.79 5. 50 7. 30
72000 ;?. 44 0►. 96 1. 92 4, 76 5. `..)4 7. 20
73000 2. 47 0. 98 1. 94 4. 73 5. 56 7.11
740 0 2. 50 0. 99 1. 97 4. 70 59 7. 01
75O00 2. 54 in O0 2. 00 4. 67 5n 62 6. 92
76000 2. 57 1. O2 2. 02 4. 64 5, E.5 6. 8::
77000 2. 61 1. 03 2. 05 4. 60 5. 69 E.. 74
78000 2.64 1.04 2.08 4.57 5.72 6.65
79000 2. 67 1. 06 2. 10 4. 54 5. 75 6. 56
80000 2, 71 1. 07 2. 13 4.so 5. 79 6. 47
81000 2. 74 1. 08 2. 16 4. 47 5. 82 6.39
82000 2.78 1.10 2.18 4.44 5.85 6. 30
83 000 2. 81 1. 11 2.21 4. 40 5. 89 6. 22
84000 2. 84 1. 12 2. 24 4. 37 5, 92 6. 14
85000 2. 88 1. 14 2. 26 4. 33 5. 96 6. 06
86000 2. 91 1. 15 2. 29 4. 30 5. 99 5. 98
87000 2. 94 1. 16 2.32 4. 27 6. 02 5n 90
88000 2. 98 1.. 18 2. 34 4. 23 6. 06 5. 82
89000 3. 01 1. 19 2. 37 4. 20 6. 09 5. 74
90000 3. 05 1. 20 2. 40 4. 16 6. 13 5. 66
91 000 3. 08 1. 22 2. 42 4. 13 6. 16 5. 59
92000 3. 1 1 1. 23 2. 45 4. 09 6. 20 5. 51
93000 3. 15 In 24 2. 48 4. 05 E.. 24 5. 44
94O0O 3. 18 1. 26 2. 50 4. 02 6. 27 5. 37
95000 3. 22 1. 27 2 .. 3. 98 6. 31 5n 30
96000 3. 25 1. 28 2. 5E3. 95 6. 34 5. 23
/ 9 000 3. 28 1. 10 2. 56 3. 91 6. 36 5. 16
98000 3. 32 I. 31 2. 61 3. 88 6. 41 5. 09
9900O 3. 35 1. 32 2. 63 3. 84 6. 45 5. 02
iOO000 3.38 1.34 2.66 3.81 6.48 4.96

57i
4-
0
0
N E:w HOPE CREEK BE:Low FARRhN'STON RD WWTF
1<1('20) 0,52.;K2(20)=1. 4
8.4 -
CZ rl
8 --
7.8 -.
7.6 -.
7.4
7.2-.
1 -.
6.8 _.
6.6 -.
6.4 --•
6.2 -.
6 -.
5.8 —
5.6 -.
5,4 -.
5.2 —
1
to
rr
,ram
ram'
.r+
L rT- r r•rr Trrr-rrrr-r—rY-ti-rI•r•-rrnti-rtr-rilwiPr'iT"e'J`r`r• � t Iry To r. t r rrr-rim~rrrrTrr-i— rYTT r'rr-rr-r-r rIT* r-rrr-rrrr
0 10000 2 X30 30000 4•0000 50000 604300 7 0000 80(.)00 .90000 100000
CAST DO • TR EAM OF OU•T1=A LL (FT)

INPUT CONDITIONS
TEMP= 14.00 DEGREES C
VEL= 0.34 FT/SEC
SAT D.O. = 10.29 ma/1
INITIAL D.O. = 8.28 mg/1
INITIAL BOD—`J= 9.00 mo/ 1
INITIAL NHS—N= 3.60 mg/I
TEMP= 54.40 DEGREES F
VEL= 29549 F T/DAY
�-1 5 1•40(1 Fiks() Le-Vz 13
AT v`a I 6 g G— p MO I..15
of 1114 ?
4i2TU
INITIAL NBOD= 16.45 mn/1
INITIAL CBOD= 13.50 mg/1
ULTIMATE BOD= 29.95 mg/1
DECAY AND RE AE RAT I ON CONSTANTS
S
Kci (20) = 0.22 /DAY Kd (T) = 0.17 /DAY
Kn (20) = 0.30 /DAY Kr, (T) = 0.23 /DAY
Ka (220) = 1.04 /DAY Ka (T) = 0.79 /DAY
MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION= 5. 16 mg/L

DIST TIME Kd*T kn *T Ka*T D. O. CBOD NB(JD
CURVE CONC CONC
(ft) (days) (mg/1) (mg/1) (ma/1)
0 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 8.28 13.50 16.45
1000 O. 03 0.006 0.008 0.027 8.13 13.42 16.33
2000 0.07 0. 01 1 0.015 0.053 7.99 13.35
3:5 16.20
3000 O. 10 O. 017 0.023 0.080 7.85 y i 27 { r 08
1 � n 1r. � 1 tJ w Y.{
4000 0.14 0. 02=0. 031 0.106 7. 72 13.20 15.95
5000 0.17 0.028 0.039 0.133 7.60 13,12 15.83
6000 0.20 0.034 0.046 0.160 7.47 13.05 15.71
7000 0.24 0.040 O. 054 0,186 186 7.36 12.96 15,59
8000 0,27 0.045 0.062 0.213 7.24 12.90 15.47
9000 O. 30 0.051 0.069 0.240 7.13 12.83 15.35
10000 0.34 0.057 ��0►.'0a77 0,266
7.03 12.69
12. 76 15.11
1 S. {' a
1100 0.37 0.062 0. 0 85 0.293 6.93 12 . 69 1 5. 11
12000 O.41 0.068 0.092 O.319 6.83 12.61 15.00
13000 0.44 0.073 0.100 O . 346 6.74 12.54 14,88
14000 0.47 0.079 0. 108 O. 373 6.65 12.47 14.77
15000 0.51 0.085 O.116 0.399 6.56 12.40 14.66
16000 0.54 0.090 O. 123 0.426 6.48 12.33 14.54
17000 0.58 0.096 0. 13 1 0. 4 52 6.40 12.26 14,43
18000 0.61 0.102 0.139 0.479 6.33 12.19 14.32
19000 O.64 0.107 0.146 O.506 6.26 12.13 14.21
20000 0.68 0.113 0.154 0. 53P 6.19 12,06 14.10
21000 0.71 0.119 0.162 O. 559 6.12 11.99 18.99
22000 O. 74 0.124 0.170 0.586 6.06 11.92 13.89
23000 0.78 O.130 0.177 0.612 6.00 11.85 13.78
24000 0.81 0.136 0.18,5,E 0.639 5.94 11. 79 13.67
25000 0.85 0.141 0.193 0.665 5.88 11.72 13.57
26000 O. 88 O. 147 0.200 0.692 5.83 1 1 . 66 18.46
27000 0.91 0.153 0.208 0.719 5.78 11.59 13.36
28000 0.95 O.158 0.216 O.745 5.74 11. 52 13.26
29000 0.98 0.164 0.224 0.772 5.69 11.46 13.16
30000 1. 02 0.170 0.231 0.798 5.65 11.39 13,06
31000 1.05 0.175 0.239 O. 825 5.61 11.33 12.96
32000 1.08 0.181 0.247 0,852 5.57 11.27 12.66
33000 1.12 0.187 Ow 254 0.878 5. 5.3 11.20 12.76
34000 1.15 0.192 0.262 0. 90 5 5.50 11.14 12.66
35000 1.18 0.198 0.270 0.932 5.47 11.08 1 P. 56
3600+0 1.22 O. 203 0.277 0.958 5.44 11.01 12.47
37000 1. 25 0.209 O. 285 O. 985 5.41 10.95 12,37
:38+rVt 1.29 0.220
0.215
��. 21�5� 0.301
0��. 2�9y:3 {1.011 r} m.;. 38 10.89 12.28
39000 1.32 Ktw 220 Kew 1 1 w k�._!8 5. 36 10.83 12.18
400001.35
. 5 0.226 0.308 .1. 065 5.33 10.77 12.09
41000 1.39 0.232 v:�w{:l1T_! 1.091 5w 1 10.71 11.99
4200� 1. 42 �T+, 237 �. 32 4 1. 118 5. 29 10.65 1 1. 90
43000 1.46 Ow 243 0.331 1.144
5. 28 10.59 11.81
44000 1. 49 0.249 0.339 1,171 5.26 10.53 1 1. 72
45000 1.52 0.254 0.347 1,198 5. 24 10.47 11.63
46000 1.56 0.260 0.355 1.224 5. 23 10.41 11.54
47000 1.59 0.266 0.362 1.251 5. PP 10.35 11.45
48000 1.62 0.271 0.370 1.278 5. 21 10.29 11.38
49000 1.66 0.277 0.378 378 1.304 5. 20 10.23 11.28
50000 1.69 0.283 O. 385 1.331 5.19 10.18 11.19
51000 1.73 0.286 0.393 1.357 5.18 10.12 11.10
52000 1.76 0.294 0.401 1. 384 5.17 10.06 11.02
53000 1.79 O. 300 0.408 1. 41 1 5. 17 10.01 10.93
54000 1.83 0.305 0.416 1.437 5. 17 9.95 10.85

55000 1.86 0.311 0.424 1.464 5.16 9.89 10.77
56000 1. 90 0.317 0. 4 32 1.490 5.16 9,84 10.68
570(60 1.93 0.322 0. 439 1.. 517 5,16 9.78 10.60
58000 1.96 0, 328 0.447 1.544 5.16 9.73 10.52
59000 2 333 O. 455
1.5717.1 5.16 9.67 10.44
60000 2.03 0. 33'9 O. 462 1.597 5.16 9.62 10,36
610000 2.06 O. 345 O. 470 1. 62 4 5. 16 9.56 10.28
62000+ 2.10 0. 350< 0.478 1.650 5,17 9.51 10.20
63000 2.13 O. 356 O. 486 1.677 5.17 9.46 10.12
64000 2. 17 0,362 0.493 1.703 5.18 9. 40 10.05
65000 2.201 0.367 0.501 1.. 730 5.18 9.35 9.97
66V'(00 2 , C.. O. 3 13 O. 509 1.757 5,19 9.30 9.89
67000 2.27 0,379 0.516 1.783 5. 20 9w 24 9.82
68000 P.30 17.1.384 0.524 1.810 5.21 9.19 9.74
69000 2n 34 0. 390 0. 532 1,836 5.21 9.14 9.67
70000 2.37 0.396 Off. 540 1. 863 5,22 9.09 9.59
71000 2.40 0.401 0.547 1.890 5.23 9. 014 9.52
72000 2.44 0,407 0. 555 1.916 5. 24 8.99 9,45
73000+ 47 O. 413 0.563 1.943 5.25 8w 94 9.37
7400i7_t 2. 50 0. 418 0.570 1,970 5.27 8.89 '9. 317.1
75000 2.54 0. 424 0. 578 1.996 5.26 8. 84 9w 2
76e100 2. 57 0.430 0.586 2. 02 3 5.29 8.79 9.16
77000 2.61 0.435 O.593 2.049 5. 30 8.74 9.09
780001 .647 �O►. 441 t0. r601 2.. 0l76 5. 32 [8} . L69 9.02
79000 2. 6 / O.. 447 0. `:09 10 J . .J J 64 8.95
80000 2.71 0,452 O. 617 2.129 5,35 8.59 8, 12.8
81000 F. 74 0.458 O. 624 2. 156 5w 36 8.54 8.81
82000 2.78
8 0.463 0.632 2.182 `�. 38 8.49 8. 74
83000 2. 81 0.469 0.640 2.209 5.39 8.44 8w 66
84000 2.84 0. 475 O. 647 2.2 36 5.41 8.40 8.61
85000 2.88 0.480 0.655 2.262 5n 4 : 6.35 8. 54
86000 2.91 O. 486 0. 663 2.289 5. 44 8.30 8.48
87000 2.94 0.492 0.671 2.316 5.46 8.26 8.41
88000 2.98 0.497 O. 678 2.342 5.47 8,21 8,35
89000 J. 01 0.503 0.686 2.369 5.49 8.. 16 8.29
90+000 3.05 0. 509 O. 694 2. 3'95 5.51 8.12 8.22
91000 3.08 O. 514 0., 701 2.422 5. 53 8.07 8.16
92000 3.11 0.520 0.709 2.449 5,55 8.03 8. 10
9 3000 3.15 O. 526 0. 71 7 2.473 5.56 7.98 8.03
94000 3.18 O. 531 O. 724 2.502 5.58 7.94 7.97
95000 3.22 0„ 537 O. 732� 2.529 5.6►0 7 w89 7.91
96000 25 0.543 0, 740 0, 555 5. 62' 7.85 7.85
97000 3.28 0.548 0.748 2.582 5.64 7.80 7.79
98100 3.3P 0.554 O. 755 2,608 5.66 7.76 7. 73
h0 0.560 2.635 S
990��c �� 3w .�5 �w 7rJ.:, 5w �Jf3 7.71 7.67
100000 3.38 0.565 O. 771 2.662 5. 70 7.67 7.61

NEW HOPE CR EEK B E LO W FA RRINGON R D W WT F
rjr20a =0 . ;?;Kn (20)=0. 3D;Ka(20')= 1.04
8.4
88.2
7.8 -.
7.E= —
7.4
7.2
7
6.8
6.4
6.2
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
MIEN •
r 1. r r r ITTr"r rT1Trrl-T-
01 10000
20000
r f� ' r'r rrr 11 r i (r , rl`-rJ-.-r I-1"1'TT'rrT`rrr1-Tr-T- 1 r rr-rY"r l-.r'-r'riTTTTT'r'7"-rTTT -T1 1 C.l 1 1"
30000 4C (C} 50000 60300 70000 80000 4 0000 1001300
DIST IDO'WIIfs`TRE: tiM OF °L./TF..41_1_ (FT)