01_NCS000557_SWMP_20220922

Stormwater Management Program Report
Narrative for NPDES Phase II
ZEBULON
NORTH CAROLINA
Regulated Public Entity:
Town of Zebulon, North Carolina
Date: May 4, 2011
Revised: June 8, 2022

Table of Contents
l . Storm Sewer System Information..........................................................................................1
1.1. Population Served..............................................................................................................1
1.2. Growth Rate.......................................................................................................................1
1.3. Jurisdictional and MS4 Service Areas...............................................................................1
1.4. MS4 Conveyance System..................................................................................................1
1.5. Land Use Composition Estimates......................................................................................1
1.6. TMDL Identification..........................................................................................................I
2. Receiving Streams....................................................................................................................2
3. Existing Water Quality Programs..........................................................................................2
3.1. Local Programs..................................................................................................................2
3.2. State Programs...................................................................................................................3
4. Permitting Information...........................................................................................................3
4.1. Responsible Party Contact List..........................................................................................3
4.2. Organizational Chart ..........................................................................................................3
4.3. Signing Official..................................................................................................................4
4.4. Duly Authorized Representative........................................................................................4
5. Co -Permitting Information.....................................................................................................4
6. Reliance on Other Government Entity..................................................................................4
6.1. Name of Entity...................................................................................................................4
6.2. Element to be Implemented...............................................................................................4
6.3. Contact Information...........................................................................................................4
6.4. Legal Agreements..............................................................................................................4
7. Stormwater Management Program.......................................................................................4
7.1. Public Education and Outreach on Stormwater Impacts....................................................4
7.2. Public Involvement and Participation................................................................................7
7.3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination.......................................................................8
7.4. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control.................................................................12
7.5. Post -Construction Stormwater Management in New Development
andRedevelopment..........................................................................................................12
7.6. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations .............................15
Appendices
Appendix A - Interlocal Agreements Regarding Stormwater Ordinance .............................. 6 Pages
Appendix B - BMPs and Measurable Goals.......................................................................... 6 Pages
Appendix C — Interlocal Agreement Regarding Watershed Protection ................................. 7 Pages
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page i

1. Storm Sewer System Information
I.I. Population Served
The permanent population is 6,903 (North Carolina State Demographics Office, 2020
Certified Population Estimates). The Town of Zebulon does not experience a seasonal
population change.
1.2. Growth Rate
Per U.S. Census data, Zebulon's 2010 population was 4,433, and its 2020 population
was 6,903. The growth rate for Zebulon from 2010 to 2020 was 5.6% per year,
annualized by dividing the percent change over the time period by ten.
1.3. Jurisdictional and MS4 Service Areas
The Town of Zebulon's jurisdictional area including its extra -territorial jurisdiction is
13.84 square miles. The Town's MS4 service area is equal to its jurisdictional area,
which includes NCDOT rights -of -way.
1.4. MS4 Conveyance System
The Town of Zebulon currently owns and operates stormwater conveyances in the form
of pipes and ditches. In some cases the stormwater conveyances empty into level
spreaders which distribute the water as sheet flow over open land. Three detention
systems are part of the Zebulon stormwater conveyance system including a dry
detention basin at our community center and Yates Place, plus a sedimentation basin at
the public works office.
1.5. Land Use Composition Estimates
Land Use Type
Area (sq. mi.)
Percentage
Commercial
...................................................................:.......................................................:.................................................
0.75
5.4
Industrial
...................................................................:.......................................................:.................................................
1.22
8.8
OpenSpace...................................................2.88....................................20...g..................
Residential
8.77
63.4
...................................................................:.......................................................:.................................................
Other
0.22
1.6
Total
13.84
100.0
*Information provided by Town of Zebulon Planning Department for 2021 stormwater report.
1.6. TMDL Identification
No known Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations have been established for
any bodies of water or receiving streams receiving discharges from the Town. In
Section 2, there is a table of receiving streams which provides: 1) Stream Name, 2)
Stream Segment, 3) Water Quality Classification, 4) Use Support Rating, 5) Water
Quality Issues and 6) 303d list applicability.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 1

2. Receiving Streams
Below is a table of the receiving streams in the Town of Zebulon's jurisdictional area.
Neuse River Basin: Receiving Streams in Zebulon's Jurisdictional Area
Receiving Stream Name
Stream Segment or Intersection
Water Quality
Classification
Use Support
Rating
Water Quality
Issues
303(d) List
Beaverdam Creek
27-86-2-3
C NSW
ST
NP
N/A
Moving Downstream
Unnamed Tributary (1) to Beaverdam Creek
Pippin Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (2) to Beaverdam Creek
North Side, Between Pippin Rd. and Pearces Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (3) to Beaverdam Creek
South Side, Watsona Dr.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 4 to Beaverdam Creek
Tippett Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (5) to Beaverdam Creek
South Side, Downstream of Shepard School Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (6) to Beaverdam Creek
South Side, Downstream of Shepard School Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 7 to Beaverdam Creek
South Side, Downstream of Shepard School Rd.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Little Creek West Side 27-86-24 C NSW NS NP 27-43-12
Moving Downstream
Unnamed Tributary (1) to Little Creek (West Side)
At US-64
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (2) to Little Creek (West Side)
North Side, South of US-64
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (3) to Little Creek (West Side)
North Side, South of NMC Dr.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 4 to Little Creek(West Side
South Side, East of Horton St.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 5 to Little Creek West Side
South Side, North of Horton St.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (6) to Little Creek (West Side)
North Side, South of Old US-264
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (7) to Little Creek (West Side)
South Side, North of Horton St.
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (8) to Little Creek (West Side)
North Side, South of Old US-264
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (9) to Little Creek (West Side)
North Side, South of Old US-265
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 10 to Little Creek West Side
North Side, South of Old US-266
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 11 to Little Creek West Side
North Side, South of Old US-267
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (12) to Little Creek (West Side)
South Side, NC-39
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 13 to Little Creek West Side
North Side, Downstream of NC-39
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Moccasin Creek Bunn Lake
27-86-2
C NSW
ST
NP
N/A
Unnamed Tributary to Moccasin Creek Bunn Lake
East of Old Bunn Rd. and NC-39
C NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Little River (Tarpleys Pond 27-57- 8.5 WS-V NSW ST NP N/A
Moving Downstream
Unnamed Tributary 1 to Little River (Tarpleys Pond
East Side, North of US-64
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 2 to Little River (Tarpleys Pond
East Side, Green Pace Rd.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (3) to Little River (Tarpleys Pond)
East Side, South of Riverview Dr.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (4) to Little River (Tarpleys Pond)
East Side, South of Southland Dr.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Umrarned Tribu (5) to Little River (Tarpleys Pond)
East Side, West of Mack Todd Rd.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary (6) to Little River (Tarpleys Pond)
East Side, East of Mack Todd Rd.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Unnamed Tributary 7 to Little River (Tarpleys Pond
East Side, Moss Rd.
WS-V NSW
N/A
N/A
N/A
Little River 27-57- 7.5 WS-II; H W NSW CA I ST NP N/A
3. Existing Water Quality Programs
3.1. Local Programs
The following are existing water quality programs that have been implemented within
the Town of Zebulon's MS4 service area.
3.1.1. Stormwater Ordinance. On January 4, 2010 the Town of Zebulon adopted a
Stormwater Ordinance modeled after the Wake County Stormwater Ordinance;
therefore, requirements for the reduction of Nitrogen and attenuation of the 1-
yr 24-hr storm are included pursuant to the Neuse Nutrient Sensitive Waters
(NSW) Urban Stormwater Rule as Wake County is covered under the Rule.
Through an interlocal agreement, Wake County enforces the Town's
ordinance.
3.1.2. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Ordinance. Since 1985, Zebulon has
referenced Wake County's Erosion and Sedimentation Control ordinance as
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 2

their own. Wake County enforces Zebulon's Erosion and Sedimentation
Control Ordinance through an interlocal agreement.
3.2. State Programs
• The Town of Zebulon is required by the State to adhere to Neuse River Riparian
Area Protection and Maintenance Rule (15A NCAC 2B .0233) due to it being
located within the Neuse River Basin.
• The Town of Zebulon lies alongside the Little River Watershed, which is classified
as a WS-II watershed by the State of North Carolina. The Town of Zebulon, Wake
County, and other municipalities participate in the Little River Reservoir Water
Supply Watershed Protection Interlocal Agreement to control development density
(See Appendix C, Maps A & B).
4. Permitting Information
4.1. Responsible Party Contact List
Measure
Contact Name/Position
Phone
Fax
E-mail
1. Public Education and Outreach
Chris D. Ray. Zebulon Public Works Director
919-269-5285
919-269-2617
cray townr&ebulon.org
2. Public Involvement and Participation
Chris D. Ray-, Zebulon Public Works Director
919-269-5285
919-269-2617
cra townofzebulon.or
3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Shawn Springer. Wake County Stormwater Administrator
919-369-6135
919-743-4772
shawn.springer ake¢ov.com
4. Construction Site Stmrmwater Runoff Control
Shaw❑ Springer, Wake County 9tormwater Administrator
919-369-6135
919-743-4772
shawn.springer ,akezot-.com
5. Post Construction storm —ter Management
Shawn Springer. Wake County Stormwater Administrator
919-369-6135
919-743-4772
shawn.springerakegov.com
6. Pollution. Prevention/Good Housekeeping
Chris D. Ray, Zebulon Public Works Director
919-269-5285
919-269-2617
cray toW refzebulon.org
4.2. Organizational Chart
TOWN OF ZEBULON
ORGANIZATION CHART
Town of zebulon Citizens
Board of Adjustment
Town Attorney Board of
Commissioners Planning Board
Parks &Recreation Board
Town Manager
Administration
Budget &
Fire
Planning
Police
Parks & Recreation
Public Works
Department
Finance
Department
Department
Department
Department
Department
Dimeton
Diroclor
RR Dkeclor/Tmnr Clerk Department Chief
Director Chief
Deputy Town Clerk/RR'I'ech
Division Chief
Recreation Manager
Assi. Director
Deputy Police Cluef
Admia/Contracts Manager
IT Specialist
Dimmer
Captains
Parks Manager
Planner ll
Captains
Construction Inspections
Accountant ll
Liculennits
Program Coordinator
Planner
I Sergeants
Supervisor
Accountant
Fire MarshzUSafeny
Recreation Assistant
Planning Teclui6au
Detectives
Operations Manager
Recmiuncnt
Fimfighlerll
Crew Leader
Zoning/Code
Police Officere
Construction Inspector
Training
Firefighter I
Parks Maintenance Worker
Enforcement
Office Assistant
Crew Leader
Personnel Policy
Finance
Fleet Mechanic
Board Meeting ManagementSuppress
ion
Recreation
Patrol
Equipmem Ope�ator]I
Webute/Social Media
Payroll
Prevention
Athletics
Code Enforcement
Prevention
Equipment Opemtorl
Information Technolog,
Accouns Payable
Training
Parks & Playgrounds
Permitting
Investigations
Office Assistant
Accounts
Inspection
Greenways
Land Use
K-9Bike Teams
Receivable
Safety
Cemetery
Zoning
Traffic Enforcement
Building & Grounds
Special Events
GIs
Community Policing
Streets
Community Center
Sanitation
Stadium
Stomiwater
Stormwater Management
Program Report
Revised June
8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES
Phase II
May
4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC
Page 3

4.3. Signing Official
Joseph M. Moore, II, Town Manager, is the authorized signing official of the NPDES
Phase II Stormwater Permit Application. The manager oversees all personnel
responsible for implementing the program. As the Town Manager, Mr. Moore is the
principle executive officer of the municipality.
4.4. Duly Authorized Representative
The Town of Zebulon will not be delegating permit application responsibility to
someone other than the signing official.
Chris D. Ray, Director of Public Works, will be the person/position responsible for
day-to-day implementation and oversight of the stormwater program. The Zebulon
Public Works Director is authorized to make minor adjustments to BMPs to accomplish
the overall objectives and goals of the stormwater management program.
5. Co -Permitting Information
The Town of Zebulon will not be co -permitting with another entity in order to fulfill
the requirements of this permit.
6. Reliance on Another Government Entity
6.1. Name of the Entity: Wake County
6.2. Element to be Implemented
Wake County is currently administering and enforcing the Town of Zebulon's Erosion
and Sedimentation Control and Stormwater Ordinances. As a part of the NPDES Phase
II Stormwater Permit Requirements, Wake County will be responsible for enforcement
of the following program areas: Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination,
Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control, and Post -Construction Stormwater
Management in New Development and Redevelopment. If illicit discharge is reported
or detected during maintenance operations, Town of Zebulon will report the violation
to Wake County for enforcement of the ordinances.
6.3. Contact Information for the Responsible Party
Mr. Shawn Springer
Wake County Stormwater Administrator
P.O. Box 550
Raleigh, NC 27602
919-369-6135
6.4. Legal Agreement
The Town of Zebulon and Wake County have an interlocal agreement which provides
the legal mechanism for Wake County to both administer and enforce the Town of
Zebulon's Erosion and Sedimentation Control and Stormwater Ordinances. Copies of
the interlocal agreement and the 2019 renewal are included in Appendix A.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 4

7. Stormwater Management Program
7.1. Public Education and Outreach on Stormwater Impacts
The Town of Zebulon will implement a public education program to distribute
educational materials to the community and/or conduct equivalent outreach activities
about the impacts of stormwater discharges on water bodies and the steps that the
public can take to reduce pollution in stormwater runoff.
7.1.1. BMP Summary Table. See Appendix B.
7.1.2. Target Audience. Our public education program will target homeowners,
students, and business owners because Zebulon is primarily a residential
community with supporting commercial businesses. The Town believes if you
can educate the students, the message will be taken home to the parents.
7.1.3. Target Pollutant Sources. Given the fact that sediment and nitrogen are the
predominant pollutants in the Neuse River Basin, these are the pollutants which
we will concentrate on in our public education and outreach efforts. The public
education program will address household hazardous waste, pet waste, lawn
and gardening activities, vehicle washing, and illicit discharges.
7.1.4. Outreach Program. The stormwater education outreach program which the
Town plans to implement will be developed to address water resources
degradation in the Town of Zebulon jurisdictional area. The Town will partner
with Wake County, the Wake County Center of the NC Cooperative Extension,
Clean Water Education Partnership and the Wake County Department of
Environmental Services (DES) to deliver a targeted public education program
promoting environmental stewardship to conserve natural resources and to
foster an environmental ethic among citizens of Zebulon through
environmental education and science -based information. The education
objectives planned to be implemented include:
• Printing fliers on examples of how home and business owners impact water
quality and include them in utilities billing annually.
Adding a page to the Town website which provides links to the Wake
County Stormwater website, NC Cooperative Extension website for Phase
II Stormwater and the website for the Clean Water Education Partnership.
The website will include the contact information for the Town of Zebulon
Stormwater Administrator for the Phase 11 Program for answering specific
questions and for notifying the Town of potential illicit discharges and
ordinance violations. It will also direct after hours emergency calls to
Zebulon Public Works' after-hours emergency number.
Placing brochures in government facilities promoting best management
practices to handle household hazardous waste and pet waste using
resources from the NCDENR Stormwater and Runoff Pollution Tool Kit
and NC Cooperative Extension.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 5

• Holding presentations annually at schools in the jurisdiction to educate
students on stormwater and its impact on water quality.
• Including articles in our periodic newsletter to residents and businesses
promoting best management practices for vehicle washing, handling pet
waste, lawn and gardening activities, and proper disposal of household
hazardous waste.
• Running television announcements on Eastern Wake TV giving tips on
how to be an effective steward of the environment.
• Setting up a stormwater information booth at community -sponsored
festivals to inform citizens about how they can contribute to improving
water quality in the area.
The Town of Zebulon will join the Clean Water Education Partnership giving
the Town access to the education opportunities provided by them. The Town
will also appoint a representative to attend partnership meetings and bring back
ideas on how to further educate our citizens.
All of the above -mentioned activities will be implemented on the schedule
shown in Appendix B and will be continued throughout the extent of this
permit. It is anticipated that each of these activities will contribute to the
Town's ultimate goal of implementing a successful education and outreach
program to inform the public about the benefits of improving water quality in
their community.
7.1.5. Evaluation.
Informational Website:
• Record data from calls to the Zebulon Stormwater Administrator and act
on suggestions for improvement.
• Record the number of "hits" on the stormwater website.
Educational Fliers, Newsletters and Brochures:
• Record number of educational materials created and distributed through
billing to homeowners and businesses.
• Record the number of brochures distributed.
• Record number of newsletters sent out with stormwater information in
them.
Using the Media:
• Record the number of announcements made on TV.
• Record the number of stormwater related articles/advertisements published.
Classroom Education and Information Booth:
• Record number of educational materials distributed.
• Record number of schools, classes and students that participate in Town
sponsored presentations or activities.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 6

• Try to record the number of visitors to the information booth at events.
7.2. Public Involvement and Participation
To meet the minimum requirement for public involvement, this permit has been
available for public review on our website since March 24, 2011. An advertised Public
Meeting was held on April 20, 2011, at the regularly scheduled Town Meeting for the
purposes of taking public comments on the proposed stormwater program. No
comments were received.
An outreach program will be developed within the first two years of the permit in order
to reach out and engage all economic and ethnic groups and provide opportunities for
the public to participate in program development and implementation as well as
forming a citizen's volunteer action group for participating in stormwater improvement
activities.
7.2.1. BMP Summary Table. See Appendix B.
7.2.2. Target Audience. The Town of Zebulon's target audiences for its public
involvement program will actively involve all potentially affected stakeholder
groups, including, but not limited to commercial and industrial businesses,
trade organizations, environmental groups, homeowner associations,
developers, builders, and educational organizations.
7.2.3. Participation Program. The Town of Zebulon will provide activities for
public participation in stormwater management and opportunities for public
involvement/review of the stormwater program, including the following:
Activities/Public Participation:
Storm drain stenciling of storm drains within the jurisdiction.
Establish an ongoing advisory committee (stakeholder group)
Involvement/public Opinion:
• Hold public hearings on stormwater issues including approval of the Phase
II Permit Application and ordinance revisions (if needed).
• Facilitate public meetings as needed on specific stormwater related topics.
• Survey citizens as needed for research and targeted education programs.
The core of the public involvement program will be volunteer groups
participating in a storm drain stenciling program. This program will begin
during the first year of implementation with an annual goal of stenciling 10%
of all drains in the system. The Town's website will include postings of
volunteer opportunities for storm drain stenciling, provide information on how
to join the Stormwater Advisory Committee and provide the schedule for
Public Meetings where stormwater issues will be discussed.
7.2.4. Evaluation
Storm Drain Stenciling:
The number or proportion of drains stenciled.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 7

• The number of stenciling volunteers.
Public Meetings:
• The number of meetings held.
• The number of attendees.
• Actions taken as a result of stakeholder meetings.
• Number of write ups detailing stormwater related discussions during public
meetings.
• The number of stakeholder groups represented.
7.3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The Town of Zebulon will adopt, implement, and enforce a program to detect and
eliminate illicit discharges.
7.3.1. BMP Summary Table. See Appendix B.
7.3.2. Storm Sewer System Map. The Town of Zebulon is currently in the process
of mapping its stormwater infrastructure including outfalls, discharge points
and BMPs. This work will be completed by June 30, 2011. Mapping of
stormwater infrastructure will be updated as more infrastructure is added to the
system.
7.3.3. Regulatory Mechanism. The Town of Zebulon already has legal authority to
investigate illicit discharges as established in its stormwater ordinance. Wake
County is now and will continue enforcing Zebulon's illicit discharge
ordinance, although the Town will assist the County with inspecting,
identifying, and correcting illicit discharges. The Town will have its
stormwater ordinance reviewed by the Town Attorney, and if additional
authority is needed, it will be established through ordinance amendments with
collaboration with Wake County.
7.3.4. Enforcement. Town staff will be cross -trained to recognize, report,
investigate and correct illegal discharges. Staff to be trained includes the
maintenance staff of the Public Works Department. Initially, the current staff
of the Town will be responsible for identifying illicit discharges. If the need is
found for further personnel to investigate illicit discharges and administer the
program, Wake County will be contacted for support.
7.3.5. Detection and Elimination.
7.3.5.1. Locating Problem Areas. Illicit discharges and connections to the
Town's storm sewer system will be identified using the following
techniques:
• Water sampling data, water quality information and/or location
of the oldest sanitary sewer lines in the Town will be reviewed to
identify potential problem areas and to prioritize the need for
visual screening.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 8

• Town employees will be trained to conduct proper inspections,
screen, and test outfalls. All members of the maintenance staff
for the Public Works Department will be trained annually on
how to identify illicit discharges during their daily operations.
• Visual screening of 10% of the outfalls in the storm sewer
system that are under the control of the Town will be completed
annually.
• Dry weather field screening of outfalls will be conducted as
needed. Dry weather is defined as periods where there has not
been precipitation or snow melt for 2 days. The location
screened will be marked on the Town's stormwater infrastructure
map.
• Locations identified by visual screening, complaints, and water
quality data as requiring follow up will be prioritized and
revisited during dry weather periods. Outfalls potentially
discharging polluting material during dry weather periods will be
tested based on water quality problems found in the stream,
screening tests, odor, color and/or visual observations.
Assistance in sample collection and testing will be requested of
NCDWQ when a significantly unusual pollutant or complex
problem is found.
The Town of Zebulon will establish a complaint system to log
complaints, assign them for follow-up and document results of
investigations. A procedure to coordinate complaint response
and follow up will be developed in cooperation with Wake
County.
7.3.5.2. Finding the Source. The location and prioritization of the sources
that are illicitly discharging polluting materials into receiving
streams in the jurisdiction will be as follows:
Water quality problems that have been identified from past
sampling and inspections by the Town or NCDWQ will be
reviewed. A plan will be developed for further investigation and
correction.
Complaints related to the discharge of polluting materials will be
investigated as they are reported. Staff resources will be
allocated as needed in order to respond in a timely manner. A
system will be developed for follow up distribution of public
education materials regarding improper disposal into storm
sewer system for those associated with the illicit discharges.
Water sampling and testing will be conducted as necessary to
locate the source of the illicit discharge.
• Suspicious discharges will be prioritized based on the estimate of
their impact on the watershed.
Stormwater Management Program Report Revised June 8, 2022
Narrative for NPDES Phase II May 4, 2011
Town of Zebulon, NC Page 9

Investigation of suspicious discharges will be made by visual
inspection and/or testing of discharges within the storm drainage
system upstream and downstream of the suspicious discharge.
Other options that will be considered in locating illicit
connections or discharges include televising the storm sewer or
dye testing premises in the area where there is a discharge.
Notification will be placed on the doors of residents and
businesses alerting them to the problem that is under
investigation and to solicit their assistance in finding the source.
A building -by -building evaluation may also be used in areas
where a problem has been isolated to a small area.
7.3.5.3. Removing/Correcting Illicit Connections.
The Town of Zebulon will include the location of outfalls to
waters of the State on their stormwater infrastructure map.
Suspicious discharges identified from available water sampling
data, complaints and visual inspections will then be prioritized
for sampling. Investigations will be made to find the sources of
pollutants. Those responsible for discharges will be notified for
correction and followed up with to assure correction is
satisfactorily completed.
Existing ordinances will be used to address illicit discharges and
connections. Assistance may be requested from NCDWQ to
obtain correction. If current ordinances are not adequate to result
in correction of illicit discharges, amendments to the ordinance
will be prepared. If an ordinance change is needed to correct
illicit discharges, the changes will be presented to the Town
Commissioners within 9 months after it is determined that
existing ordinances are inadequate to require correction of the
illicit discharge.
Per Interlocal Agreement, Wake County will be in charge of
enforcing the illicit discharge ordinance for the Town of
Zebulon. The Town will assist the County by completing the
annual visual inspections, identifying illicit discharges, and
taking appropriate actions to have illicit discharges removed.
7.3.5.4. Non-Stormwater Discharges. The following categories of non-
stormwater discharges or flows (i.e., illicit discharges) will only be
investigated if found in an area that has been identified as having
polluted water:
• Water line flushing
• Landscape irrigation
• Diverted stream flows
• Rising ground waters
• Uncontaminated ground water infiltration
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• Uncontaminated pumped ground water
• Discharges from potable water sources
• Foundation drains
• Air conditioning condensation
• Irrigation water
• Springs
• Water from crawl space pumps
• Footing drains
• Lawn watering
• Individual residential car washing
• Flows from riparian habitats and wetlands
• De -chlorinated swimming pool discharges
• Street wash water
7.3.6. General Prevention.
Through coordination with Wake County, the Town of Zebulon will
monitor the installation of all new storm and sanitary sewers. Before the
County issues a certificate of occupancy for new facilities, the Town will
require a certification that no illicit connections will be made by the new
facility owner.
• The Town of Zebulon will send formal notification to the NCDWQ of new
proposed industrial facilities for follow-up to ensure compliance with the
NPDES program.
7.3.7. Outreach Program. The Town of Zebulon will be providing Stormwater
Public Education Programs for residents, businesses, and schools. These
programs will include specific information about illicit discharges and
connections. Discharges from potable water sources, irrigation water, lawn
watering, and individual residential car washing will be managed via the public
education program to reduce the number of potential illicit discharges.
7.3.8. Decision Process. The stormwater Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Program will emphasize prevention of illegal discharges through regulation and
education. The ordinance will be enforced as needed, but the emphasis when a
discharge is found will be education and elimination of the discharge. The
inventory of previous complaints and location of old sanitary sewer lines will
be the initial priority areas for visual inspection. Efforts will be made at cross -
training Town staff in recognition of illegal discharges.
7.3.9. Evaluation. All activities related to this Illicit Discharge Elimination
Program will be tracked and documented by the Town of Zebulon.
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Town of Zebulon, NC Page 11

In years 1 to 5 following the issuance of the NPDES stormwater permit, the
following will be accomplished on an annual basis:
• A summary report detailing complaints received, investigated and the
results of the investigation will be prepared.
• Suspicious outfalls that had a dry weather flow during visual screening will
be tested for suspected pollutants.
• A summary report of premises found to be improperly connected to the
storm sewer or sanitary sewer will be prepared.
• A list of outfalls, manholes tested (as appropriate), and test results will be
prepared.
7.4. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
Per Interlocal Agreement, The Town of Zebulon will rely on the Wake County Erosion
and Sedimentation Control Program to meet the requirements of this component of the
Phase II Program. The Town recognizes that sedimentation is a major pollutant of
stormwater in North Carolina and has designated it as one of the primary pollutants for
the public education programs and local initiatives for water quality along our major
streams.
The Town maintains a strong working relationship with Wake County Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Officials and keeps them informed of potential violations on
building sites.
See Appendix B for BMP Summary Table.
7.5. Post -Construction Stormwater Management in New Development and
Redevelopment
The Town of Zebulon currently has a stormwater ordinance in place which is generally
consistent with Wake County's stormwater ordinance. Wake County's stormwater
program complies with the State's Watershed Water Supply Protection requirements,
the Neuse NSW requirements for urban stormwater and the State's Phase II rules for
post -construction. The Town of Zebulon's current stormwater program addresses
stormwater runoff from new development and re -development projects that disturb an
area greater than or equal to 20,000 square feet, which is more restrictive than Wake
County's stormwater program. All subject projects must control peak flow and lower
nitrogen export amounts.
7.5.1. Regulatory Mechanism. The Town's stormwater ordinance addresses post -
construction runoff from new developments and redevelopments. Below is a
general outline of the Town's requirements which are generally more stringent
than minimum requirements of the NPDES Phase II program.
General Development and Redevelopment Standards:
• No development within 50 feet of any perennial or intermittent stream.
• No development within the FEMA designated 100-year floodplain.
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Low Density Projects Only (between 15 and 24% built upon area):
No net increase in the peak flow leaving the site from pre -development
conditions for the 1-year, 24-hour storm.
• Drawdown time for all flow reduction structural BMPs shall be between 48
and 120 hours.
High Density Projects Only (more than 24% built upon area):
• Control and treat runoff from the first inch of rain with a drawdown time of
between 48 and 120 hours.
• All structural stormwater treatment systems shall provide a Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) removal of 85%.
• No net increase in the peak flow leaving the site from the pre -development
conditions for the 1-year, 24-hour storm.
• Runoff volume drawdown time shall be between 48 and 120 hours.
The Town has an interlocal agreement with Wake County to administer and
enforce the Town's stormwater ordinance.
7.5.2. BMP Operation and Maintenance. Zebulon's program includes an operation
and maintenance component that ensures the adequate long-term operation of
the structural BMPs required by the program. As a part of the interlocal
agreement, Wake County is responsible for annually reviewing and approving
maintenance inspection reports of all structural BMPs from appropriate,
qualified licensed design professionals and those certified by the NC
Cooperative Extension Service for stormwater BMP inspection and
maintenance. Property owners must submit documentation to Wake County
for review. Wake County staff will communicate directly with the BMP
owners to facilitate needed maintenance or corrective actions.
7.5.3. On -Site Wastewater Systems. There are some existing on -site septic systems
located within Zebulon's jurisdiction. As a part of the minimum control
measures for this permit, Zebulon will incorporate all of the known locations of
on -site septic systems in its jurisdiction from the Wake County Environmental
Services database into its stormwater mapping to use for prioritizing visual
inspections of its MS4. On -site septic systems found to be experiencing
problems or failing, will be referred to the Wake County Environmental
Services Department. If public sanitary sewers are not available, short- and
long-term solutions for sewage disposal must then be devised. All new
construction is required to connect to municipal sewer. The entire municipal
sewer in the Town of Zebulon's jurisdictional area is owned and operated by
the City of Raleigh. If overflows of sanitary sewer manholes or cross
connections to a storm sewer are detected, the City of Raleigh will be notified
so the problem can be corrected.
7.5.4. Nutrient Sensitive Waters. The Town of Zebulon service area drains to
Nutrient Sensitive Waters in the Neuse River Basin. The Town of Zebulon's
stormwater ordinance requires all development and redevelopment projects to
provide permanent on -site BMPs to lower the nitrogen export amounts as part
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of the stormwater management plan and accompany the land disturbing plan
submittal. BMPs are to be in accordance with and as specified in the Design
Manual. Additionally, the Town is subject to 15A NCAC 0213.0233 Neuse
River Basin: Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategy: Protection and
Maintenance of Existing Riparian Buffers which establishes 50 foot wide
buffers directly adjacent to surface waters.
7.5.5. Comprehensive Watershed Protection Plans. The Town of Zebulon has an
interlocal agreement with other local municipalities and Wake County to
protect water supply watersheds in the area. (See Appendix C, Maps A&B)
7.5.6. BMP Summary Table. See Appendix B.
7.5.7. Non -Structural BMPs. The Town of Zebulon attempts to direct high density
growth to identified areas, protects sensitive areas such as wetlands and
riparian areas, maintains and/or increases open space, provides buffers along
sensitive water bodies, and minimizes disturbance of soils and vegetation
through adopted land use plans and by policy or ordinance.
• Land Use Plans — Growth is directed to specific areas through land use
plans that are developed with public input and adopted by Zebulon. These
plans provide guidance for the development community.
• Minimize soil and vegetation loss through the erosion and sedimentation
control program.
• Local Riparian Buffer requirements as provided in the stormwater
ordinance
• Open space program
• Tree preservation program
7.5.8. Structural BMPs. The Town of Zebulon allows the use of structural BMPs as
approved by the State of North Carolina in accordance with the BMP manual.
7.5.8.1. Wet ponds and extended detention outlet structures are approved
structural BMPs for stormwater use.
7.5.8.2. Filtration practices such as grassed swales, bioretention cells, sand
filters, and filter strips are approved structural BMPs for stormwater
treatment.
7.5.8.3. Infiltration practices such as infiltration basins and infiltration
trenches are not commonly used due to the predominance of clay
soils in Wake County; however, they have been used where
appropriate soils exist.
7.5.9. Regulatory Mechanism. Post -construction runoff is addressed through local
ordinance.
7.5.10. Operation and Maintenance. Long-term operation and maintenance (O&M)
of on -site BMPs is ensured through legal documentation filed with the Wake
County Register of Deeds and through financial bonds or sureties, which must
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be posted with Wake County for each project. These sureties usually originate
with the developer and financial responsibilities are passed on to the
landowners through the homeowner's association in residential developments.
Given our low density of residential development, we have not encountered a
subdivision, which had to provide BMPs, bonds or sureties to date. For
commercial developments we generally deal only with the landowner.
Maintenance manuals and inspection manuals are also required.
7.5.11. Decision Process. The Town of Zebulon's current programs and ordinances
appear to meet or exceed the post -construction stormwater management
requirements of NPDES Phase II. The Town of Zebulon's stormwater
ordinance is consistent with Wake County's stormwater ordinance. Wake
County will be administering and enforcing the Town's post -construction
stormwater management requirements. The Town will amend its ordinance as
necessary to be consistent with the County's requirements and to satisfy Phase
II requirements.
7.5.12. Evaluation. Wake County will maintain data for each construction project,
which includes pre- and post -loading conditions. An annual report will be
submitted to the Division of Water Quality each year by Wake County
summarizing new development.
7.6. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Town of Zebulon will develop and implement an operations and maintenance
program that includes a training component and has the ultimate goal of preventing or
reducing pollutant runoff from municipal operations including any Town owned or
operated portion of the stormwater conveyance system.
Using training materials that are available from EPA, other federal, state, and non-
profit organizations, Zebulon will train employees to prevent and reduce stormwater
pollution from activities such as park and open space maintenance, fleet and building
maintenance, new construction and land disturbances, and stormwater system
maintenance.
7.6.1. BMP Summary Table. See Appendix B.
7.6.2. Affected Operations. The following Town of Zebulon facilities and
operations are impacted by this operation and maintenance program. These
programs will be evaluated and revised to ensure that the programs minimize
pollutant loading. Facilities will be inspected to identify and eliminate
exposure to stormwater. Corrective actions will be taken or BMPs put in place
as needed.
Facilities/operations/new construction and land disturbances:
• Parks and open space maintenance
• Buildings and grounds maintenance
• Fleet maintenance and vehicle washing
• Stormwater system maintenance
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• New construction and land disturbances
• Parking lot maintenance
• Yard waste processing facility
• Materials and chemicals storage
• Street sweeping
• Bulk fueling station (has an Industrial Stormwater Permit)
7.6.3. Training. Employee training programs will be developed for preventing and
reducing stormwater pollution from activities including:
• Park and open space maintenance
• Buildings and grounds maintenance
• Fleet maintenance and vehicle washing
• Materials and chemicals handling
• Stormwater system maintenance
• Solid waste collection procedures
• New construction and land disturbances
• Parking lot maintenance practices
• Yard waste collection and processing practices
• Street sweeping
• Bulk fueling operation
7.6.4. Maintenance and Inspection. Maintenance of stormwater structures within
the road right-of-way (ROW) is conducted as needed by NCDOT for State
maintained roadways. There is no regular inspection program. Problems are
found usually due to flooding problems and/or citizen complaints. The Town
regularly maintains streets and other facilities within the MS4 through
regularly scheduled street sweeping and maintenance. The Town will establish
a goal of inspecting and cleaning 10% of infrastructure annually. Condition of
devices will be recorded, and deficiencies will be addressed in a timely
manner. Illicit discharge inspections and stenciling may be completed at the
same time.
7.6.5. Vehicle Operations. Zebulon will review its Town -owned and maintained
facilities with the intent of implementing controls for reducing or eliminating
the discharge of pollutants from Town owned and maintained parking lots,
maintenance and storage yards, yard waste processing centers, bulk fueling
station and fleet or maintenance shops with outdoor storage areas. The
majority of our fleet and maintenance facilities are already covered to prevent
exposure to rainfall. All vehicle washing activities will be reviewed as to their
effects on water quality.
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7.6.6. Waste Disposal.
MS4 Conveyance System and Municipal Operations
All leaves and yard debris removed from Zebulon owned and maintained MS4s
and municipal operations is properly collected and disposed of at the Town's
yard waste facility. All sediment collected from storm sewer cleaning is also
taken to the yard waste facility and placed in an erosion protected area to be
dried and subsequently added to the Town's soil stockpile. Litter removed
from storm sewer cleaning activities is disposed of in the litter collection area
at the yard waste facility and subsequently disposed of in the County landfill.
All water collected during vacuuming of the storm sewer system is filtered to
collect sediment and returned back to the storm sewer.
Yard Waste Processing Facility
The yard waste facility is outdoors but is completely fenced to prevent leaves
and debris from being blown into a nearby stream. A double silt fence and
check dams are in place to prevent sediment transfer from the processing area
and are inspected and maintained on a regular schedule. The site has a
maintained minimum 60' grassy buffer to control stormwater runoff of the
facility. Yard waste is collected in the Town of Zebulon year-round. The
grinding of yard waste into mulch is performed bi-annually to minimize the
amount of collected yard waste at the facility.
Street/ Parking Lot Sweeping
Street/parking lot sweeping is performed throughout the year in the Town. Our
annual goals are as follows:
• Main thoroughfares (Gannon Avenue, Arendell Avenue, Shepard School)
will be swept 26 times per year.
• Collector and all residential streets will be swept at least once month.
• The downtown business district will be swept weekly.
• Parking lots located at the Zebulon Municipal Complex, Zebulon
Community Center and Zebulon Public Works are swept weekly during
mowing season.
All material is disposed of properly at the County landfill.
7.6.7. Decision Process. The development of a pollution prevention/good
housekeeping program for municipal operations is required to minimize
pollutant loading from Town operations or facilities. By training staff and
evaluating programs and facilities, the Town of Zebulon can minimize
pollutant loading to the maximum extent practical.
7.6.8. Evaluation.
Fleet Maintenance and Vehicle Washing
The number of employees trained in preventing pollution from fleet
maintenance and vehicle washing activities.
• The number of spills reported and the resultant actions/solutions.
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Materials Management
• The number of facilities storing hazardous materials.
• The frequency of inspection and maintenance visits to storage facilities.
• The number of personnel trained in hazardous material handling and
storage.
• The amount of waste generated by Town operations.
• Whether or not an inventory of hazardous materials was created for each
storage facility.
Parking Lot and Street Sweeping
• Whether or not roads and parking lots were inventoried and prioritized for
sweeping.
• The number of scheduled road sweepings.
• The pounds of debris collected from street sweeping.
Storm Drain System Cleaning
• Whether or not areas with high pollutant loadings were inventoried and
prioritized for cleaning.
• The length of open channels cleaned annually.
• The number of catch basins and culverts cleaned annually.
• The amount of litter, sediment, and other pollutants removed during
cleaning.
Bulk Fueling Facility
• Number of employees trained in preventing pollution from fueling activity.
• The number of spills reported and the resultant action/solutions.
Road Salt Application and Storage
• The number of employees trained in road salt application.
• The quantity of salt applied to roadways.
• The quantity of alternative products used.
Spill Response and Prevention
• Whether or not an inventory of municipal facilities at risk for spills was
created.
• The number of leak detection devices installed at Town facilities.
• The number of preventative maintenance procedures performed on tanks,
valves pumps, pipes and other equipment.
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• Whether or not a spill response plan was developed for municipal facilities.
• The number of personnel trained in spill response.
• The number of regularly inspected high -risk facilities.
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