WQ0004797_Application_20010406

Aw-r
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc.
5400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
Phone: [phone]
. Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Application For:
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
Non -Discharge Permit Application Form
SPRAY IRRIGATION DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Completed For:
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
125 Industrial Park
Mountain Home, NC 28758
Completed By:
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc.
5400 Etta Burke Court
RECEIVEDRaleigh, NC 27606
Non -Discharge. Pennittng
April, 2001
"Concepts in Agricultural Byproduct Utilization"

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I- _� Agri Waste Technology, Inc.
5400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
Phone: [phone]
-, Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Mr. Roy Davis
Asheville Regional WQ Supervisor
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28801
RE: Application for Spray Irrigation Disposal System
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
Dear Mr. Davis;
April 6, 2001
Enclosed, please find information in support of an application for a Spray Irrigation Disposal
System (SIDS) permit. This application is being submitted on behalf on Northland Cranberries,
Inc. of Mountain Home, North Carolina (Northland). Currently, Northland operates a spray
irrigation disposal system permitted under Permit No. WQ0004797. The project location is in
Henderson County, North Carolina.
This SIDS application is a modification to the existing permit with the requested modification
being the inclusion of additional spray fields for land application purposes. The requested
modification will increase the available application land from 16.4 acres to total of 49.5 acres.
With the increased land area the loading rate will be reduced from 1.5 inches per week to 1.0
inches per week. The submitted modification does not request a change in the maximum
permitted flow. Consistent with the current permit, the maximum flow is permitted at 83,000
gallons per day.
In addition to the required application fee, the following material has been attached to this cover
letter:
Attachment A Spray Irrigation Disposal System Application
Attachment Al Facility Design Criteria for Other Than Single Family
Systems (Vl)
Attachment A2 Influent Water Sampling Monitoring Report Forms
- "Concepts in Agricultural Byproduct Utilization"

Attachment B Site Maps
- General Location Map
County Road Map
_ Aerial Map
- Topographic Map
- Site Map (locations of borings and infiltration tests)
Attachment C. Additional Reports/Evaluations
Attachment C1 Water Balance
Attachment C2 Soil Scientist Report
Attachment C3 Hydrogeologist Report
Attachment C4 Agronomist Report
Attachment C5 Proposal for Ground Water Monitoring
Attachment C6 Wastewater Analysis
Attachment D Existing Permit
Attachment E Irrigation System Summary
If there are any questions or comments during the review of this information, please feel free to
contact us by telephone at 919-859-0669 x 104 or via email at kdavidson(wagriwaste.com or
ivaughan(a�agriwaste.com. Thank you for your assistance in this project.
Sincerely;
Kevin D. Davidson, P.E., C.I.D. Jeff D. Vaugh P,Ph.D., L.S.S., CCA/CPAg
Senior Project Engineer Senior Agronomist and Soil Scientist
- cc: Mr. Blake Kehoe, Northland Cranberries, Inc.
i
Mr. Steve Klus, Northland Cranberries, Inc.
Mr. Don Deemer, Environmental Resources Management
Mr. Stu Ryman, The Fletcher Group
\\Serverlklient files\Northland\PennitApp.wpd
2

ATTACHMENT A
Spray Irrigation Disposal System Application

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management.
Non -Discharge Permit Application Form
-i (THIS FORM MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED FOR USE AS AN ORIGINAL)
. t i I V E D
SPRAY IRRIGATION DISPOSAL SYSTEMS W',��'i,)n� i ,����®�
I. GENERAL INFORMATION: APR ! / 2001
1. Applicant's name (please specify the name of the municipality, corporation, individual, etc.): Non -Discharge Permitting
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
2. Print Owners or Signing Official's name and title (the person who is legally responsible for the facility and its compliance):
-Mr. Bake ehoe - Plant Manager
3. Mailing address: PO Box 1009 125 Industrial Park P.oad
City: Mountain Home State: 21C Zip: 28758
Telephone Number. ( 828 ) 693-0711
` 4. Project Name (subdivision, facility, or establishment name should be consistent with project name on plans,
specifications, letters of flow acceptance, Operational Agreements, etc.):
Northland Cranberries, Inc. -- SPrayfield Addition
5. Location of Spray Irrigation Facility (Street Address): .125 Industrial Park Road
City: Mountain Home
State: NC Zip: 28758
6. Latitude: 35-3795 ;Longitude 82-4842
of Spicy Irrigation Facility
7. Contact person who can answer questions about application:
Name: Mr- Blake Kehoe Telephone Number. 82�� 693-0711
S. Application Date: x rc h 77 2nni
9. Fee Submitted S 400-00
(The permit processing fee should be as specified in 15A NCAC 2H .0205(c)(5).]
10. County(ies) where project is located: Henderson count
II. PERMIT INFORMATION:
1. Application No. (will be completed by DEM):
2. Specify whether project is: new; renewal"; x modification
For renewals, complete only sections L II, and applicant signature on page Submit only and three copies of each). Engineer's signature not required for renewal without other modifications,l, 2, and 9 (original
3. If this application is being submitted as a result of a renewal or modification to an existing permit, list the existing permit
number WQ0004797
and its issue daze September 20, 2000
4. Specify wb_,,ther the : pplitant is public or X ;,
_ fORM: SIDS 06194 Page I of 8

III. INFORMATION ON WASTEWATER:
1. Nature of Wastewater. % Domestic; 100 % Commercial; C°o Industrial;
— % Other waste (specify):
2. Please provide a one or two word description specifying the origin of the wastewater, such as school, subdivision, hospital,
commercial, industrial, apartments, etc.:
Fruit and Juice Processing Facility
3. If wastewater is not domestic in nature, what level of pretreatment has been provided to ensure.protection of the receiving
wastewater treatment facility: Process Haste water is, screened to remove solide material prior to temporary
storage in aerobic pond. Liquid is land applied to cropland_ -
4. Volume of wastewater generated by this project: 83,000 gallons per day
5. Explanation of how the wastewater volume was determined: Meter of flow to storage lagoon, average flow
is approximately 58,000 gpd. Permitted amount is 83,000 gpd.
6. Brief project description: Process water from fruit/juice processing facility. Process water temporarily
stored/treated in lagoon. Land applied to grass crop_
IV. FACILITY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SINGLE FAMILY SPRAY IRRIGATION
1. Number of bedrooms: x 120 GPD per bedroom = gallons (minimum 240 GPD design flow per home).
2. Dimensions of baffled septic tank ft by ft. by ft
3. Volume of baffled septic tank: (yallons.
i
4. Check .the categories that apply for the sand filter surface; subsurface; single; dual;
If
in series; in parallel; recirculating; pressure dosed.
5. a) Primary sand filter dimensions: ft by ft = square feet
b) Sand filter surface loading rate: GPD per square foot
6. a) Secondary sand filter dimensions (if applicable) ft by ft = square feet
b) Secondary sand filter surface loading rate (if applicable) GPD per square foot
7. Type of disinfection:
Volume of contact tank. gallons; and detention time: minutes
8. Volume of storage provided: gallons -'Storage time provided- days
NOTE: A minimum of 5 days storage must be provided in the pump/storage tank.
9. Volume of pump tank: gallons; number of pumps in pump tank
10. Capacity of pumps in pump tank: GPM
11. Specify which high water alarms have been provided: audible and visual; auto dial
FORM:. SIDS 06/94 Page 2 of 8

12. Specify the following information for the spray nozzles: psi; GPM
13. Specify the loading rate recommendation, as determined by the soils scientist:
inches per hour, inches per week; inches per year
14. Specify the square footage of the wetted irrigation area: square feet,
_f and the cover crop:
15. Specify the loading rate that will occur on the spray irrigation field:
inches per hour, inches per week; inches per year
16. The project must conform to the following buffers (and all other applicable buffers):
a) 400 feet between -wetted area -and any residence under separate ownership;
b) 150 feet between wetted area and property lines, 200 feet in coastal areas;
c) 100 feet between wetted area and a potable well;
d) 100 feet between wetted area and drainage ways or surface waters;
e) 50 feet between wetted area and public right -of -ways;
0 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and a potable well;
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.
17. If any of the buffers speed in No. IV.16 above are not being met, please explain how the proposed buffers will provide
equal or better protection of the Waters of the State with no increased potential for nuisance conditions:
18. NOTE: If excavation into bedrock is required for installation of the septic tank or sand filter, the respective pit must be
lined with at least a 10 mil synthetic liner. The engineer's signature and seal on this application acknowledges a
commitment to meet this requirement.
19. The spray irrigation field must be fenced with a minimum two strand barbed wire fencing. Briefly describe the fencing:
V. FACILITY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR OTHER_ THAN SINGLE FAMILY SYSTEMS
1. Provide a brief listing of the components of this ireaent and disposal system, including dimensions and capacities of
tanks, pumping facilities, nozzles, high water alarms, filters, lagoons, package treatment units, disinfection facilities,
irrigation system, etc.:
Please see attached sheet
I
2. Name of closest downslope surface waters: Mad Creek
3. Classification of closest downslope surface waters: c (as established by the Environmental Management
Commission and specified on page 6 of 8 of this application).
4. If a power failure at the pump station could impact waters classified as WS, SA, B, or SB, describe which of the measures
j are being implemented to prevent such impact, as required in 15A NCAC 2H .0200:
V No impacts anticipated due to power failure
FORM: SIDS 06/94 Page 3 of 8

5. Specify the loading rate recommendation. as determined by the soils scientist:
(measured) (target) (target) Two Infiltration Rates
10/47_4 inches per hour; l-0 inches per week; 52 inches per year measured, consistent with
2-6 in/hr (soil survey) upland and lowland soils
6. For industrial wastewater. an analysis of nutrients, heavy metals totals, and synthetic organics must be provided along -with
appropriate calculations showing the loading rate, based on the most limiting constituent. The chemical analysis must
include, but shall not be limited to: Total Organic Carbon, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand,
Chlorides, Phosphorus, Ammonia. Nitrates, Phenol, Total Trihalomedmes, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Analyses, Total Halogenated Compounds, Total Coliforms, and Total Dissolved Solids, N/A
- What is the limiting non -hydraulic constituent for this waste? N/A pounds per acre per year of N/A
7. Specify the square footage of the wetted irrigation area: 1,441,407 square feet,
and the cover crop: Tall Fescue and/or Reed Canary Grass
S. Specify the hydraulic loading rate that will occur on the spray irrigation field: -
0-20 inches per hour; 1_o inches per week; 52 inches per year, and
N/A lbs. per acre per year of. N/A -- hydraulically limited
(limi[ino� constituent)
9. Is hydraulics the limiting constituent? x Yes; No. .
10. Specify the storage volume required by the water balance: No addition to existla%allons; days
storage capacity
11. Volume of storage provided: = z-51 atillion gallons and yields: 43.1 Sys_
NOTE: Minimum thirty days required at the design flow rate.
Total lagoon depth @ avg. flow (58,000 gpd)
12. If any of the applicable buffers noted in rV.16 are not being met, please explain how the proposed buffers will provide
equal or better protection of the Waters of the State with no increased potential for nuisance conditions:
All buffers are considered in system design
13. The treatment and spray irrigation facilities must be posted and.secured in some fashion to prevent unauthorized entry.
Briefly describe the measures being taken: Posted signs and locked entry gates
14. Is the treatment facility capable of treating the wastewater to at least secondary limits prior to storage (BOD5 s 30 mg/L;
TSS , 30 mg/L; NH3 s 15 mg/L; Fecal Coliform S 200 colonies/100 ml)? Yes x No. If No, what level of
treatment can be achieved? Please see attached Influent Water Sampling Monitoring Report Forms for
2000_
15. Are treatment facility or spray fields located within 100-year flood plain? x Yes No. If Yes, briefly describe the
protective measures being taken to protect against flooding. No impacts expected to spragfield in the event of
100 yrs. flood
16. List the Field Number of any spray fields that are located in area where the seasonal high water table is less than 3 feet
below the surface? Based_ on soil type - lowland areas CodoSILS and Comus Soils
17. Describe the disinfection facilities that are being provided if domestic wastewater. N/A - Not domestic wastewater
FORM. SIDS 06/94 Page 4 of 8

THIS APPLICATION PACKAGE WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED BY THE DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNLESS ALL OF THE APPLICABLE ITEMS ARE
-- INCLUDED WITH THE SUBMITTAL
a. One original and four copies of the completed and appropriately executed application form. Attachment A
-- b. The appropriate permit processing fee, in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0205(c)(5).
c. Five (5) sets of detailed plans and specifications signed and sealed by a North Carolina Professional Engineer. The plans must
include a general location map, a topographic map, a site map which indicates where borings or hand auger samples were taken. a
map showing the land application site, buffers, structures, and property lines; along with all wells, surface waters (100-year flood
- elevation), and surface drainage features within 500 feet of the land application site. Each sheet of the plans and the first page of
the specifications must be signed and sealed. Attachment B
d. Five (5) copies of an Operational Agreement (original and 4 copies) must be submitted if the wastewater treatment and disposal
facilities will be serving single family residences, condominiums, mobile homes, or town houses and if the subject facilities will
be owned by the individual residents, a homeowners association, or a developer. N/A
e. Five (5) copies of all reports, evaluations, agreements, supporting calculations, etc. must be submitted as a part of the supporting
documents which are signed and sealed by the NC Professional Engineer. Although certain portions of this required submittal
must be developed by other professionals, inclusion of these materials under the signature and seal of a NC Professional Engineer
signifies that he has reviewed this material and has judged it to be consistent with his proposed design.
Attachment C
f. Five (5) copies of the existing permit if a renewal or modification.
g . For Single Family Systems (a through f above plus g. 1, 2, 3) N/A
1) A letter from the local health department denying the site for any permit that the health department has the authority to issue.
2) A soils scientist report (signed) which describes the soil type, color, texture through the B horizon, and recommended loading
rates with supporting calculations.
3) A signed and notarized Operation and Maintenance Agreement.
h . For Other Than Single Family (a through f above plus h. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
1) A water balance analysis showing annual amount of wastewater that will need to be applied and the amount of land necessary
to receive the wastewater at the given loading rate. Storage requirements must be addressed and supporting calculations
provided' Attachment C1
2) A soils scientist report (signed) which includes texture, color, and structure of soils down to a depth of seven feet, depth,
thickness and type of any restrictive horizons, hydraulic conductivity in the most restrictive horizon, Cation Exchange
Capacity (CEC), depth of seasonal high water table, soil pH, and soils map (if available).
Attachment C2
3) For systems treating industrial waste or any system with a design flow greater than 25,000 GPD a Hydrogeologic Report
providing the extent and lithologic character of the unconfined aquifer, transmissivity and specific yield of the unconfined
aquifer, thickness and permeability of the first confining bed, groundwater quality and direction of movement, and an
evaluation of impacts of the disposal system on water levels, movement and quality.
Attachment C3
4) An agronomist report (signed) which states the type of vegetation that is planned for the spray fields, along with management
and harvest schedules. Attachment C4
5) Proposal for groundwater monitoring. Attachment C5
6) An analysis of the wastewater, including heavy metals totals and synthetic organics, along with calculations for the most
limiting constituents. Attachment C6 - Hydraulically Limited
FORM: SIDS 06/94 Page 5 of 8

This form must be completed by the appropriate OEM regional office and included as a part of
ti the project submittal information.
INSTRUCTIONS TO NC PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER:
The classification of the downslope surface waters (the surface waters that any overflow from the' taciliry would flow toward)
in which this spray irrigation system will be constructed must be determined by the appropriate DEEM re-ional once.
Therefore, you are required, prior to submittal of the application package, to submit this form. with items 1
through 7 completed. to the appropriate Division of Environmeatal Management Regional Water Quality Supervisor (see
page 8 of 8). At a minimum, you must include an 8.5" by 1 V copy of the portion of a 7.5 minute USGS Topographic Map
Which shows the location of this spray irrigation system and the downslope surface waters in which they will he located.
Identify the closest downslope surface waters on the attached map copy. Once the regional office has completed the
`- classification, reincorporate this completed page and the topographic map into the complete
application form and .submit the application package.
1. Applicant (specify name of the municipality, corporation, individual, etc.):
Northlego Cranberries, Inc.
ti
i
2. Name & complete address of engineering firm.- Agriiiaate Tecbnoiogy, Inc.
S400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, tC 17606
Telephone number. ( 919 ) 859-0669
Project name: Northland Cranberries, Inc. - Sprayfluld Addition
Name of closest downslope surface waters: tsud Creek
Counry(ies) where the spray irrigation system and surface waters are located: Henderson County
Map name and date: Hendersonville, NC - 1965, P�rLtlana, HC - 1965, Skyland, HC - 1965, Horse shoe., NC 1965
NC Professional Eagineces Seal. Signature, and Date:
/i
E
—TO: REGIONAL WATER QUALITY SUPERVISOR
Please provide me with the classification of the watershed where these sewers will be con strucred. as identified on the attached
map segment: _
Flame of surface waters:
tlUTZ-5 l
E--C K
Classification (as established by the Environmental Management Coaimissiort): �.
Proposed classification, if applicable:
Signature of regional office personnel°
(All attachments must be signed)
Date:
FORM: SIDS 06194
Page 6 of 8

Name and Complete Address of Engineering Firm: Agri-ftaste Technology, Inc_
5400 Etta Burke Court C/O Kevin Davidson
City: Raleigh State: NC. Zip: 27606
Telephone Number. ( 919 859-0669
Professional Engineer's Certification:
j. Kevin Davidson attest that this application for Northland Cranberries, Inc- -
Sprayfield Addition
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I further attest that to the best of my knowledge
the proposed design has been prepared in accordance with the applicable regulations. Although certain portions of this submittal
package may have been developed by other professionals, inclusion of these materials under my signature and seal signifies that I have
reviewed this material and have judged it to be consistent with the proposed design.
North Carolina Professional Engineer's Seal. Signature, and Date:
ECE SEG ► i0N
Non -Discharge Permitting
Applicant's ' Certification:
I. Blake Kehoe attest that this application for Nortbland Crantx+rrip-
Sprayfield Addition
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that if all required parts of this
application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application package
will be returned to me as incomplete.
Signature
Date �/— /z — er/
THE COMPLETED APPLICATION PACKAGE, INCLUDING ALL SUPPORTING INFORMATION AND MATERIALS,
SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
_ WATER QUALITY SECTION
PERMITS AND ENGINEERING UNIT
POST OFFICE BOX 29535
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27626-0535
TELEPHONE NUMBER: '[phone]
FAX NUMBER: [phone]
j
FORM: SIDS 06194 Page 7 of 8

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REGIONAL OFFICES (11/93)
Asheville Regional WQ Supervisor
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28801
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Avery
Macon
Buncombe
Madison
Burim
McDowell
Caldwell
Mitchell
Cherokee
Polk
Clay
Rutherford
Graham
Swain
Haywood
Transylvania
Henderson
Yancy
Jackson
Fayetteville Regional WQ Supervisor
Wachovia Building, Suite 714
y Fayetteville, NC 28301
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Anson
Moore
Bladen
Robeson
Cumberland.
Richmond
Harnett
Sampson
_ _ § Hoke
Scotland
Montgomery
Winston-Salem Regional WQ Supervisor
8025 North Point Boulevard, Suite 100
Winston-Salem, NC 27106
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Alatnance Rockingham
Alleghany Randolph
Ashe
Stokes
Caswell
Surry
Davidson
Watauga
Davie
Wilkes
Forsyth
Yadkin
Guilford
Washington Regional WQ Supervisor
Post Office Box 1507
Washington, NC 27889
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Beaufort . Jones
Bertie
Lenoir
Camden
Martin
Chowan
Pamlico
Craven
Pasquotank
Currituck
Perquimans
Dare
Pitt
Gates
Tyrell
Greene
Washington
Hertford
Wayne
Hyde
Mooresville Regional WQ Supervisor
919 North Main Street
Mooresville, NC 28115
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Mecklenburg
Libarzus , Rowan
Catawba S tanly
Gaston Union
lredell Cleveland
Lincoln
Raleigh Regional WQ Supervisor
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 5714700
Fax [phone]
Chatham Nash
Durham Northampton ..
Edgecombe Orange -
Franklin Person
Granville Vance
Halifax Wake
Johnston Warren
Lee Wilson
Wilmington Region. WQ Supervisor
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Brunswick New Hanover
Carteret Onslow
Columbus Pender
Duplin
FORM: SIDS 06/94
Page 8 of 8

ATTACHMENT Al
Facility Design Criteria for Other Than
Single Family Systems (VI)

SECTION V: FACILITY DESIGN FOR OTHER THAN SINGLE FAMILY SYSTEMS
1. Provide a brief listing of the components of this treatment and disposal system,
including dimensions and capacities of tanks, pumping facilities, nozzles, high water
alarms, filters, lagoons, package treatment units, disinfection facilities, irrigation
systems, etc.
_ The following discussion pertaining to the existing system at the Northland Cranberries; Inc.
facility is based on information gathered from the "Operation and Maintenance Manual - Land
— Treatment System for Seneca Foods Corporation - Southern Division' prepared by Earth Systems
Associates, LTD. (dated February 27, 1987).
The following components are included in the system (existing): Flow Meter, Screen Separator,
Collection Tank, Holding Lagoon, Irrigation Pumping System, Irrigation Fields, and Monitoring
Wells.
Flow Meter: "An ultra -sonic flow meter is mounted on the force main running
from the plant to the treatment system. The meter is equipped with
a totalizer which records total flow in gallons."
Screen Separator "Process wastewater from the plant is screened through a drum
roto-strainer prior to being discharged to the [collection] tank."
Collection Tank "After screening, process wastewater is discharged to a wet -well
collection tank having a capacity of 5,000 gallons. Two 3-HP
submersible pumps equipped with high and low level sensors
deliver the wastewater to the holding lagoon."
Holding Lagoon "The holding lagoon is a square earthen dike structure with sides
that are approximately 220 feet along the center line of the dikes.
The maximum depth is eleven feet and maximum capacity_ is
approximately 2.5 million gallons."
Pumping System "A single 40-HP Ingersoll-Rand horizontal centrifugal pump
supplies wastewater to the irrigation fields. A low pressure cutoff
switch and a high pressure relief valve are provided to protect the
system from damage due to pressure extremes."
Irrigation Fields "Four irrigation zones totaling 16.4 acres are located in fields
adjacent to the. holding lagoon."
Monitoring Wells "Three monitoring wells are located around the spray irrigation
fields to monitor ground water quality."

The following components are being proposed for the irrigation spray field addition: Irrigation
Fields and Monitoring Wells.
Irrigation Fields Five additional irrigation fields totaling 33.1 acres are being
proposed in the spray field addition. Rainbird Model 70CW1H 1"
sprinkler with 1/4" nozzles have been selected for the spray field
addition. The increased land area will allow for resting phases for
-_ the application fields. This will also allow the hay to be cut, dried
and removed from the application fields. In turn the removal of the
harvested crop should improve the crop stand (as compared to non -
removal).
Monitoring Wells Three additional monitoring wells will be located around the spray
field addition to monitor ground water quality. One well will be
up -gradient of the spray field addition, with the remaining two wells
located in down -gradient locations.

ATTACHMENT A2
Influent Water Sampling Monitoring Report Forms

Page 1 of I
WATER SAMPLING MONITORING REPORT
FACILITY NAME: Northland Cranberry Corp.
Sample ID: INFLUENT
•
OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE (ORC) —
CHECK BOX IF ORC HAS CHANGED F-1 a
CERTIFIED LABORATORIES (1) Pace Analytical
Services
a PERSON(S) COLLECTING SAMPLES Mike Puttick
PHONE [phone]
(2)
x
(SIGNATURE OF OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE)
BY THIS SIGNATURE, I CERTIFY THAT THIS REPORT IS ACCURATE
AND COMPLETE TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

ATTACHMENT B
Site Maps

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HENDERSON COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
PREPARED BY
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS — PLANNING AND RESEARCH BRANCH North
IN COOPERATION WITH THE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
GRAPHIC SCALE LEGEND
1 0 .15 1 4
Northern Cranberries Site
I MILES

North GRAPHIC SCALE
1.000 0 500 1.000 . ' 2.900 4.000
( IN FM
SCALE 1:24,000
Contour Interval- 20 ft.
Contour Interval.• 40 ft.
Quadrangle Location
HE NDE RSONV I LLE, N.C. FRUI TLAND, N.C. SKYLAND, N.C.
35082-C4-TF-024 35082-D4-TF-024 35082-05=TF-024
1965 1965 1965
PHOTOREVISED 1990 PHOTOREVISED 1990 PHOTOREVISED 1990
DMA 4554 IV SW -SERIES V842 DMA 4454 IV NW -SERIES V842 DMA 4454 I NE -SERIES V842
HORSE SHOE, N.C.
35082-05-TF-024
1965
PHOTOREVISED 1990
DMA 4454 'I SE -SERIES V842

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ATTACHMENT C
Additional Report/Evaluations

ATTACHMENT C1
Water Balance

Northland Cranberries, Inc. Water Balance
For Sprayf field Addition
Precipitation 1
Average = 56.26"
Waste Water Inflow 1,546,635 gpy
Average Flow = 56,00 gpd
= 21,170,000 gpy
-Max Permitted Flow = 83,000 gpd
= 30.295,000 gpy
Evaporation 2
Average = 25.7"
602,956 gpy
Existing Storage Lagoon
2.5 Million • Gallons
(Max Capacity)
Seepages
93.51 gpd
34,131 gpy
1.) Precipltalon records from Hendersonville for historic period 1948 to 1996. Area of 44,100 fte - TIB.
2.) Evaporation records from Coweeta Exp. Station for historic period 1948. to 1980. Pan to Lake evaporation coefficeint. nu. 1' North]
of 0.78 has been assumed. Area of 37.636 fte - ULL nu..g Water F
3.) Seepage caculation based on estimated surface area at middle of lagoon, liquid depth- =9' w
Assumed liner permeabilty of 1.0x10-8 cm/sec (Sentonite Liner), liner thickness of 12".
4.) Based on 'max permitted flow of 83,000 gpd. AWT
NOT TO SCALE ©®®
Irrigate 4
31,204,548 gpy
1,149 ac—in 1yr.

ATTACHMENT C2
Soil Scientist Report

I , ly
Avirr
I I
� Agri WasteTechnology, Inc.
5400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Soil Scientist Report
For
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
Submitted by
Jeff Vaughan, L.S.S. #1227
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc. (AWT)
lit
A soils evaluation was conducted on November 20-21, 2000 for the property owned by
Northland Cranberries, Inc. An aerial map detailing the fields, soil types, soil auger boring
locations, and soil infiltration test locations can be found in Attachment A (all soil auger boring
and infiltration test locations were obtained using a Garmin GPS unit with differential correction
and antenna). The evaluation was predominately focused on the land areas not currently used by
Northland for wastewater application, i.e. Fields 1 through 7 on the map.
There are two distinct soil areas on the land owned Northland Cranberries, the lowlands
(bordering Mud Creek) and the uplands. The lowlands consist primarily of the Codorus loam
(Fine -loamy, mixed, mesic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts) and Comus fine sandy loam (Coarse -
loamy, mixed mesic, Fluventic Dystrochrepts) soil types while the uplands consist primarily of
Bradson gravelly loam (Clayey, oxidic, mesic Typic Hapludults) and a small area of Hayesville
loam (Clayey, oxidic, mesic Typic Hapludults) soil types. The slope, on the lowland soils is 0-
2% and the slopes on the upland soils is 2-7% and 7-15% according to the Soil Survey of
Henderson County, North Carolina. Typical profiles and other information for each soil type
found in the Soil Survey of Henderson County, North Carolina, are located in Attachment B.
Typical profiles of the borings obtained on November 20, 2000 for both soil areas are below.
Upland Areas
The upland areas were being used as a cow pasture at the time of the evaluation. The fields
located on the upland soils are 1 through 5 and 9 (see map in Attachment A).
-� "Concepts in Agricultural Byproduct Utilization"

Ap— 0 to 10 inches, brown (IOYR 4/3) gravelly silt loam; moderate fine -granular structure;
very friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; 20 percent smooth
subrounded quartz gravels; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 4.0 meq/100cm3
Btl— 10 to 32 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few continuous clay
films on all faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 2.9 meq/100cm3
Bt2— 32 to 84 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay loam; common medium distinct white
(IOYR 8/1) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly
sticky, slightly plastic; common fine flakes of mica; few discontinuous clay films on all
faces of peds; strongly acid.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 3.5 meq/100cm3
Saprolite was evident beginning at a depth of approximately 60 inches and consisted mainly of
weathered quartz. Cation exchange capacity and pH for each horizon was determined from soil
samples sent to the NCDA Agronomic Division Soil Testing Lab (Attachment Q. Permeability
in the most restrictive horizon is 0.6 to 2.0 inches/hour and depth to seasonal high water table is
greater than 6 feet according to Tables 13 and 14, respectively, in the Soil Survey of Henderson
County, North Carolina (Attachment D).
Lowland Areas
The lowland areas were being used as a cow pasture at the time of the evaluation. The fields
located on the lowland soils are 6 through 8 (see map in Attachment A).
Ap— 0 to 10 inches, dark brown (IOYR 3/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very
friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; common fine flakes of mica;
slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 6.3 meq/100cm3
Btl— 10 to 31 inches, dark yellowish red (10YR 416) clay loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; firm; sticky, plastic; few fine roots; common fine flakes of mica;
slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 5.8 meq/100cm3
Btg2-31 to 37 inches, gray (IOYR 5/1) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very
firm; very sticky, very plastic; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 4.7 meq/100cm3
2

Btg3-37 to 46 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; common medium distinct gray
(10YR 6/1) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky,
slightly plastic; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary..
Cation Exchange Capacity = 3.4 meq/100cm3
Cgl- 46 to 76 inches, gray (10YR 511) clay; massive; very firm; very sticky, very plastic; few
fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 5.1 meq/100cm3
Cg2- 76 to 84 inches, gray (10YR 511) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; very sticky, very
plastic; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid.
Cation Exchange Capacity = 1.7 meq/100cm3
Cation exchange capacity and pH for each horizon was determined from soil samples sent to the
NCDA Agronomic Division Soil Testing Lab (Attachment Q. Permeability in the most
restrictive horizon is 0.6 to 2.0 inches/hour and depth to seasonal high water table is 1 to 3.5 feet
according to Tables 13 and 14, respectively, in the Soil Survey of Henderson County,
North Carolina (Attachment D).
Infiltration Tests
Five infiltration tests were conducted on the land using a concentric ring infiltrometer (Turf-Tec
Infiltrometer). Three of the tests were conducted on the upland soils and two of the tests were
- conducted on the lowland soils (see map in Attachment A). The results are presented in the table
below.
Results ofTnfiltratinn TPctc nn T.ana 1k­ WT__,&_1__a nL_�__�__
Test Location
--
Depth of Water.
Infiltrated
Time Required
lV{.l 1 AVO.
Infiltration Rate
Steady State
Infiltration Rate(l)
for Infiltration
---inches---
---minutes---
-in/min-
--in/hr--
-in/min-
--in/hr--
U land
1.125
6.00
0.19
11.25
0.13
7.5
2.875
8.00
0.36
21.56
0.25
15.0
0.750
6.00
0.13
7.50
0.13
7.5
Average
---
---
0.23
13.44
0.17
10.0
3.750
3.75
1.00
60.00
/A(2)
N
N/A
3.500
6.00
0.58
34.80/A
Average
---
---
0.79
047.4
%_j---•---•+ ---- ---- u4 rYiva.a! i11111LLdL1U11 Ini mins constant per unit or time.
(2) Infiltration was too rapid to assess steady state infiltration rate.
The measured infiltration rates on the upland soils are similar to the permeability rates listed in
Table 13 of the Soil Survey of Henderson County, North Carolina (Attachment D), for the
surface horizons on the Bradson and Hayesville soil series'. In contrast, the measured infiltration
3

rates on the lowland soils are higher than the permeability rates listed in Table 13 of the Soil
Survey of Henderson County, North Carolina (Attachment D), for the surface horizons on the
Codorus and Comus soil series'.
Salt Conditions of the Soil
During the AWT site visit on November 20-21, 2000, Northland Cranberries personnel indicated
the possibility of high salt levels in the soils currently being using for wastewater application
(Zones 1 through 4). Soil samples were obtained for electrical conductivity analysis on _ .
November 21, 2000 due to the salt concern. The results of these analyses are in Attachment E.
Electrical conductivity levels were very low and do not present a problem for crop growth and
development.
A report copy of the NCDA evaluation conducted at Northland Cranberries on October 26, 2000
was provided to AWT on January 29, 2001 (Attachment F). The NCDA report indicates an
elevated level of sodium in the soil. Excess sodium levels in soil can cause deficiencies of
potassium, calcium, and/or magnesium in plants. No plant analyses were available to determine
nutrient deficiencies, if any. Furthermore, during the AWT site visit, the soil was too wet to
assess soil structure (which is also an indicator of excessive sodium levels) in the wastewater
application areas. Nevertheless, the gypsum application recommended by NCDA is sound
advice to alleviate any excess sodium conditions in the soil. Northland Cranberries records
indicate that 1.5 tons/ac of gypsum were applied on 11/13/00 and recent discussions with
Northland Cranberries personnel indicate additional gypsum applications will occur this spring.
4

ATTACHMENT A: Northland Cranberries Aerial Map

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ATTACHMENT B: Typical Profile and Other Information
for Each Soil Type from the Soil Survey of Henderson County,
North Carolina

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Ashe Series
The Ashe series consists of somewhat excessively
drained, moderately rapidly permeable, moderately steep
to very steep soils that formed in residuum weathered
dominantly from granite and gneiss but in some places
from arkose and graywacke. Slopes are 15 to 70 percent.
Typical pedon of Ashe stony sandy loam, 25 to 45 per-
cent slopes, about 2 miles east of Bat Cave, in a wooded
area, 1.1 miles south of N.C. Highway 9 and 50 feet east
of State Road 1609:
01-2 inches to 1 inch, fresh leaves and twigs.
02-1 inch to 0, black mat of live fine roots and decayed vegetation.
A11-0 to 1 inch, dark brown (10YR 4/3) stony sandy loam; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; 5
percent stones; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Al2-1 to 7 inches, yellowish brown GOYR 5/4) stony sandy loam; weak
fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 5 percent
coarse quartz fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
B2-7 to 21 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak medi-
um subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots;
few flakes of mica; about 10 percent coarse fragments; very
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C-21 to 30 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) saprolite that crushes to sandy
loam; rock controlled structure; friable; few fine roots; about 30
percent coarse fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boun-
dary.
R-30 inches, moderately hard granite -gneiss rock; hardness increases
with depth.
The solum is 20 to 36 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is 20 to 40 inches.
About 5 to 15 percent of the surface is covered with stones. The profile
is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, unless limed.
The A horizon is very dark grayish brown, grayish brown, dark
brown, brown, or yellowish brown loam or sandy loam.
The E2 horizon is yellowish brown, strong brown, or brownish yellow
loam or sandy loam.
The C horizon is gray, brownish yellow, or pale brown granite gneiss
saprolite that crushes to sandy loam and is 15 to 30 percent coarse frag-
ments.
Bradson Series
The Bradson series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, gently sloping to strongly sloping soils that
formed in colluvium and alluvium derived from a mixture
of crystalline rocks. Slopes are 2 to 15 percent.
Typical pedon of Bradson gravelly loam, 2 to 7 percent
slopes, in a field 0.5 mile southwest of Etowah Post Office
and 200 feet south of U.S. Highway 64 and State Road
1205 intersection, 50 feet west of State Road 1205:
Ap-0 to 6 inches, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly loam; weak coarse
and fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine flakes
of mica; 20 percent smooth rounded quartz gravel; medium acid;
abrupt smooth boundary.
B21t-6 to 24 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium subangular
blocky structure; firm; sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots;
thin continuous clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent smooth
quartz gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
B22t-24 to 40 inches, red (2.5YR 4/8) clay loam; moderate medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; sticky and slightly plastic; few
fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; thin continuous clay films on
faces of peds; few smooth gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
133-40 to 65 inches, red (2.5YR 4/8) clay loam; weak medium subangu-
lar blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; thin
33
discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; common soft fragments of
minerals; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
IIC-65 to 75 inches, reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) saprolite that crushes to
loam; rock controlled structure; friable; slightly sticky and plastic;
very strongly acid.
The Bradson soils have a solum that is 60 to 80 inches thick. Depth to
bedrock is more than 60 inches. Gravel covers 5 to 25 percent of the sur-
face. The profile is very strongly acid to strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed.
The A horizon is brown, dark brown, reddish brown, or yellowish red
gravelly loam or gravelly sandy loam.
The 131 horizon, if present, is red or yellowish red clay loam or sandy
clay loam. The 132t horizon is red or yellowish red clay loam, sandy clay,
or clay. The B3 horizon is red or yellowish red clay loam or sandy clay
loam. In some pedons the 133 horizon is underlain by a stone line or a B
horizon of an older land surface. The IIC horizon is variegated yellowish red, red, and reddish yellow
loamy alluvium.
Brevard Series
The Brevard series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, sloping to steep soils that formed in colluvium
and alluvium derived from a mixture of crystalline rocks.
Slopes are 7 to 45 percent.
Typical pedon of Brevard loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes,
about 12 miles northwest of Hendersonville, in a wooded
area in Pisgah National Forest, 0.3 mile north of Mills
River Recreation Area on Wash Creek Road, and 30 feet
east of road:
01-1 1/2 inches to 1/2 inch, fresh leaves and litter.
02-1/2 inch to 0, black mat of organic matter and live fine roots.
A1-0 to 4 inches, dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak fine and medium
granular structure; very friable; many fine and few medium roots;
few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A2-4 to 7 inches, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and few
medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
B1-7 to 12 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loam; weak medium suban-
gular blocky structure; friable common fine roots; common fine
flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
1321t-12 to 45 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sticky; few fine roots;
thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of
mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
B22t-45 to 58 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; thin continuous
clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; medium
acid; gradual smooth boundary.
B3-58 to 70 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) gravelly sandy clay loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable 60 percent angular
quartz gravel; common fine flakes of mica; medium acid; abrupt
smooth boundary.
IIC-70 to 90 inches, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) weathered mica gneiss
that crushes to fine sandy loam; very friable; medium acid.
The solum is 60 to 120 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 60
inches. The profile is strongly acid or medium acid throughout, unless
limed.
The Al horizon is dark brown, dark reddish brown, very dark grayish
brown, or dark grayish brown loam or sandy loam. The A2 horizon is
pale brown, brown, yellowish brown, or dark yellowish brown loam or
sandy loam.
The 131 horizon is sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam. The B2t horizon
is yellowish red or red sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The
B3 horizon, if present, is red or yellowish red sandy clay loam or loam.
The C horizon is unconsolidated loamy colluvial material containing
gravel or saprolite from gneiss or schist rock.

34
SOIL SURVEY
Chandler Series
The Chandler series consists of somewhat excessively
'.rained, moderately rapidly permeable, very steep soils
that formed in residuum weathered from mica schist,
mica gneiss, phyllite, and similar rocks. Slopes are 45 to
70 percent.
Typical.pedon of Chandler stony loam, 45 to 70 percent
slopes, in a wooded area about 15 miles northwest of
Hendersonville, 0.5 mile west of Bent Gap and 0.2 mile
southeast of Blue Ridge Parkway overlook, and 300 feet
southwest of Parkway along a logging road:
02-1 inch to 0, mat of decomposing organic material with many fine
roots, moss, and lichens.
Al-0 to 5 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) stony loam; weak fine granu-
lar structure; very friable; common fine and few medium roots;
common fine flakes of mica; 10 percent stones; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
132-5 to 26 inches, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak medium suban-
gular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots in upper
part and few in lower part; many fine flakes of mica; strongly acid;
clear wavy boundary.
C-26 to 54 inches, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) micaceous saprolite
that crushes to sandy loam; friable; very strongly acid.
R-54 inches, moderately hard schist rock. .
The solum is 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60 inches.
About 5 to 15 percent of the surface is covered with stones. The profile
is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, unless limed.
The A horizon is dark grayish brown, grayish brown, dark brown, or
brown stony loam, loam, or fine sandy loam.
The B2 horizon is strong brown or yellowish brown loam or sandy
loam.
The C horizon is micaceous saprolite that crushes to sandy loam or
am.
Clifton Series
The Clifton series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, moderately steep and steep soils that formed
in residuum weathered from rocks that are high in fer-
omagnesian minerals. Slopes are 15 to 45 percent.
Typical pedon of Clifton stony loam, 15 to 25 percent
--slopes, in an apple orchard about 2.5 miles south of Ot-
tanola Baptist Church, 20 feet north of a farm road and
).4 mile east of State Road 1714.
A1-0 to 4 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) stony loam; weak fine granu-
lar structure; friable; few fine flakes of mica; 10 percent stones;
medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
i2-4 to 9 inches, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) stony loam; weak fine
_ granular structure; very friable; few fine flakes of mica; 10 percent
stones and gravel; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary.
R1-9 to 13 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; weak medium sub -
angular blocky structure; few fine flakes of mica; 15 percent
stones and gravel; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
ts2t-13 to 36 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; thin discontinuous clay films on
faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; 25 percent gravel and stones;
medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
—3-36 to 42 inches, red (2.5YR 4/8) loam; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of
peds; many soft weathered coarse fragments and pockets of clay
loam; common fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; abrupt clear boun-
dary.
—42 inches, hard dark colored gneiss.
The solum is 20 to 48 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60 inches.
About 2 to 15 percent of the surface is covered with stones. The profile
is slightly acid or medium acid throughout, unless limed. It is 5 to 25
percent stones and gravel fragments.
The Al horizon is dark reddish brown, very dark brown, or dark
brown loam or fine sandy loam.
The 131 horizon is yellowish red, strong brown, or reddish brown loam
or clay loam. The 132t horizon is yellowish red or red clay loam or sandy
clay loam. The 133 horizon, if present, is red or yellowish red loam, sandy
clay loam or fine sandy loam.
The B horizon is underlain by hard rock or a C horizon of gneiss
saprolite.
Codorus Series
The Codorus series consists of moderately well drained
to somewhat poorly drained, moderately permeable,
nearly level soils that formed in alluvium containing medi-
um to large amounts of mica. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
Typical pedon of Codorus loam, about 1 mile east of
Hendersonville, in a pasture, 150 yards east of Tracy
Grove Road bridge and 200 feet south of Devil's Fork
creek, 0.4 mile south of U.S. Highway 64:
Ap-0 to 12 inches, brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine and medium
granular structure; friable; common fine flakes of mica; neutral;
clear smooth boundary.
B21-12 to 30 inches, dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak medium suban-
gular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; common fine flakes
of mica; medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
B22-30 to 45 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy clay loam;
common fine distinct yellowish brown mottles in root channels;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; common fine flakes of mica; medium acid; clear
smooth boundary.
C-45 to 60 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy sand with thin strata of
sand and gravel; medium acid.
The profile is 3 1/2 to 5 feet deep to stratified sand and gravel. Depth
to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The profile is medium acid or slightly
acid throughout, unless limed. Flakes of mica range from common to
many throughout the solum.
The Ap horizon is brown, dark brown, or dark grayish brown loam or
fine sandy loam.
The B21 horizon is brown or dark brown, and the B22 horizon is dark
grayish brown or grayish brown loam, fine sandy loam, or fine sandy
clay loam.
The C horizon commonly is gray or dark gray loam or loamy sand, but
is sandy or gravelly unconsolidated alluvial deposits in places.
Comus Series
The Comus series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, nearly level soils that formed in recent alluvi-
um containing moderate to large amounts of mica. Slopes
are less than 2 percent.
Typical pedon of Comus fine sandy loam in a cultivated
field about 1 mile south of Fletcher, 150 feet west of U.S.
Highway 25 and 200 feet south of Cane Creek:
Ap-0 to 10 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; very friable; common fine flakes of
mica; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Al2-10 to 20 inches, brown GOYR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; very friable; slightly sticky; common
fine flakes of mica; medium acid; gradual smooth boundary.
132-20 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; common fine
flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
35
C1-36 to 50 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) loam; common medium faint
grayish brown GOYR 5/2) mottles; massive; friable; slightly sticky;
- - common fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
.;2-50 to 70 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam with sand
and gravel pockets; common medium distinct yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; common fine flakes of mica; strongly
acid.
The solum is 24 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 72
-inches. The profile is strongly acid to medium acid throughout, unless
limed. Flakes of mica range from common to many throughout the
.__>olum.
The A horizon is brown or dark brown fine sandy loam or loam.
The B2 horizon is brown, dark brown, or yellowish brown loam or fine
;andy loam.
The C horizon is brown, grayish brown, or dark grayish brown
stratified sand, loam, and gravel alluvial deposits.
Delanco Series
The Delanco series consists of moderately well drained,
moderately permeable, nearly level to sloping soils that
'ormed in old alluvium containing moderate to large
amounts of mica. Slopes are.O to 7 percent.
Typical pedon of Delanco loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes, in
a cultivated field about 0.5 mile southeast of Fletcher,
1.25 mile southeast of intersection of State Roads 1006
Lnd 1539, and 150 feet south of tenant dwelling on north
side of State Road 1539:
1p-0 to 10 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium
granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
821t-10 to 20 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 514) clay loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; thin discontinuous clay
films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
$22t-20 to 30 inches, brown '(10YR 5/3) clay loam; common medium
- faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin
discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid;
gradual smooth boundary.
13g-30 to 40 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam;
common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak
coarse angular blocky structure; firm; very strongly acid; gradual
smooth boundary.
;-40 to 60 inches, gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; common medium
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; very firm;
very strongly acid.
The solum is 30 to 46 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 72
_aches. The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed.
The Ap horizon is brown, dark brown, yellowish brown, and dark yel-
iwish brown loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam.
The 132t horizon is yellowish brown and brown. The B3g horizon is
light brownish gray, brownish gray or grayish brown.
The C horizon is gray, light gray, or grayish brown unconsolidated al-
ivium of variable texture.
' I
Edneyville Series
The Edneyville series consists of well drained,
loderately permeable, sloping to steep soils that formed
,ai residuum weathered from granite and gneiss. Slopes
are 7 to 45 percent.
Typical pedon of Edneyville fine sandy loam, 15 to 25
ercent slopes, in a wooded area about 7 miles southwest
f Hendersonville; 1,000 feet north of Crab Creek Baptist
church on State Road 1133, and 30 feet east of road:
01-1 1/2 inches to 1/2 inch, fresh leaves and twigs.
02-1/2 inch to 0, black mat of fine live roots and decayed leaves.
A1-0 to 1 inch, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak
fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine
flakes of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A2-1 to 5 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; few
fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
131-5 to 10 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and
medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual
smooth boundary.
132t-10 to 25 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few
fine flakes of mica; thin discontinuous clay films _in pores and root
channels; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
133-25 to 30 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;
common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
C1-30 to 50 inches, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam;
rock controlled structure; very friable; common fine flakes of mica;
very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
C2-50 to 60 inches, light brownish gray (10.YR 6/2) fine sandy loam;
rock controlled structure; very friable; common fine flakes of mica;
very strongly acid.
The solum is 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 40
inches. The profile is very strongly acid throughout, unless limed.
The Al horizon is very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, or
dark brown. The A2 horizon is grayish brown, brown, or yellowish
brown.
The 131 horizon, if present, is yellowish brown or brown. The B2t
horizon is yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, strong brown, or
brownish yellow sandy clay loam or clay loam. The B3 horizon is yel-
lowish brown, strong brown, or brownish yellow.
The C horizon is granite -gneiss saprolite that crushes to sandy loam
or fine sandy loam.
Elsinboro Series
The Elsinboro series consists of well drained, moderate-
ly permeable, nearly level and gently sloping soils that
formed in unconsolidated old alluvium from areas of
crystalline rock that contains much mica. Slopes are 0 to 3
percent.
Typical pedon of Elsinboro loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,
in a cultivated field about 14 miles west of Henderson-
ville, 600 feet east of intersection of N.C. Highway 280
and State Road 1328, and 250 feet east of State Road
1328:
Ap-0 to 9 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium
granular structure; friable; 4 percent small pieces of gravel;
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
1321t-9 to 22 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine flakes of
mica; 3 percent small pieces of gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
B22t-22 to 32 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine flakes of
mica; 3 percent small pieces of gravel; strongly acid; gradual smooth
boundary.
133-32 to 38 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine flakes of
mica; 10 percent small pieces of gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
IIC-38 to 55 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy sand; single
grained; loose; common fine flakes of mica; 20 percent small pieces
of gravel; strongly acid.

36
SOIL SURVEY
The solum is 28 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 72
inches. The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed. Flakes of mica range from few to common throughout the
solum. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 20 percent on the surface and
throughout the solum.
The Ap horizon is brown or dark brown.
The 132t horizon is yellowish brown, brownish yellow, or strong brown
clay loam or loam. The B3 horizon is sandy clay loam or loam.
The C horizon is unconsolidated sandy and gravelly alluvial material.
Evard Series
The Evard series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, sloping to very steep soils that formed in
residuum weathered from granite or gneiss. Slopes are 7
to 70 percent..
Typical pedon of Evard sandy loam in an area of Evard
soils, 25 to 45 percent slopes, in a wooded area, 3/4 mile
south of the Buncombe County line, and on the north side
of a logging road 0.3 mile east of State Road 1423:
01-1 1/2 inches to 1/2 inch, partially decomposed leaves and twigs.
02-1/2 inch to 0, black mat of humus and fine live roots.
A1-0 to 2 inches, dark brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granu-
lar structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few fine flakes
of mica; 5 percent gravel fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth
boundary.
A2-2 to 6 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium
granular structure; very friable; many medium roots; common fine
flakes of mica; 5 percent gravel pieces; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
132t-6 to 18 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; com-
mon fine flakes of mica; 15 percent gravel fragments; strongly acid;
gradual wavy boundary.
133-18 to 30 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/8) sandy loam; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common
fine flakes of mica; 20 percent gravel fragments; strongly acid;
gradual wavy boundary.
C-30 to 53 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/8) saprolite that crushes to
sandy loam; rock controlled structure; about 50 percent hard coarse
fragments of gravel, cobble, and stone size; strongly acid.
R-53 inches, hard quartz mica gneiss that has small amounts of soil
material in fractures.
The solum is 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 48
inches. The profile is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed.
The Al horizon is very dark grayish brown or dark brown sandy
loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. The A2 horizon is dark brown, brown, or
yellowish brown sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The 132t horizon is yellowish red or red. The B3 horizon is yellowish
red or red sandy clay loam or sandy loam.
Fannin Series
The Fannin series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, sloping to steep soils that formed in residuum
weathered mainly from mica schist and mica gneiss, and
to a lesser extent from chlorite schist, phyllites, and other
rocks that have a high content of mica. Slopes are 7 to 45
percent. .
Typical pedon of Fannin silt loam, 7 to 15 percent
slopes, about 0.5 mile west of Fletcher, in a wooded area
0.3 mile west of U.S. Highway 25, 50 feet east of St. John
Road:
Al-0 to 6 inches, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium
roots; about 10 percent small platy fragments; strongly acid; abrupt
smooth boundary.
132t-6 to 27 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/6) silty clay loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; thin
continuous clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent small platy
fragments; many fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
133-27 to 36 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/8) silt loam; weak medium sub -
angular blocky structure; very friable; about 50 percent soft platy
fragments; many fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy
boundary.
C-36 to 60 inches, yellowish red (SYR 4/8) to strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
schist saprolite that crushes to loam.
R-60 inches, fragmental schist rock.
The solum is 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 60
inches. The profile is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed. Flakes of mica range from common to many throughout the
profile.
The A horizon is dark grayish brown, dark brown, brown, and strong
brown silt loam or loam.
The Bt horizon is yellowish red or red silty clay loam or clay loam. If
present, the 133 horizon is silt loam or loam.
The C horizon is schist saprolite.
Hatboro Series
The Hatboro series consists of poorly drained,
moderately permeable, nearly level soils that formed in
alluvium from schist, gneiss, and other metamorphic and
crystalline rocks. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
Typical. pedon of Hatboro loam about 1 mile east of
Hendersonville and 0.5 mile south of U.S. Highway 64,
and 100 feet east of Mud Creek in a field:
Ap-0 to 12 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine and
medium granular structure; friable; slightly sticky; medium acid;
clear smooth boundary.
B2g-12 to 36 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak medium and
coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; common
fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
IIC1-36 to 48 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; sin-
gle grained; loose; few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; gradual
smooth boundary.
IIC2-48 to 62 inches, grayish brown GOYR 512) sand; single grained;
loose few fine flakes of mica; slightly acid.
Depth to stratified sand and gravel ranges from 3 to 5 feet. The
profile is strongly acid to slightly acid throughout, unless limed. Flakes
of mica range from few to many throughout the soil.
The A horizon is dark grayish brown, very dark grayish brown, dark
gray, and very dark gray loam, fine sandy loam, and silt loam.
The B horizon is dark gray, very dark gray, and dark grayish brown
loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam.
The C horizon, is fdamy and sandy, gravelly, stratified alluvial
deposits.
Hayesville Series
The Hayesville series consists of well drained,
moderately permeable, gently sloping to moderately steep
soils that formed in residuum from rocks such as granite,
gneiss, and schist. Slopes are 2 to 25 percent.
Typical pedon of Hayesville loam, 7 to 15 percent
slopes, about 8 miles northwest of Hendersonville, in a
wooded area 125 feet south of the Fanning Bridge Road

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
37
opposite the driveway of the Mountain Horticultural Ex-
Derlment Station:
A1-0 to 4 inches, dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; moderate fine granular
structure; very friable; high in organic matter content; numerous
medium and fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
A2-4 to 8 inches, brown (7.5YR 414) loam; weak fine subangular blocky
structure; very friable; common medium and fine roots; many medi-
um and fine pores; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary.
B1-8 to 16 inches, yellowish red (5 YR 5/6) clay loam; weak medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; few
fine pores; few thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; few fine
flakes of mica; few quartz gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boun-
dary.
B21t-16 to 24 inches, yellowish red (5YR 416) clay loam; moderate
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium and fine
roots; few fine pores; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds;
few flakes of mica; few quartz gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth
boundary.
B22t-24 to 35 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium sub -
angular blocky structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; few
fine and medium pores; thin continuous clay films on faces of pads;
common medium and fine flakes of mica; common quartz gravel;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B31-35 to 39 inches, red (IOR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium
angular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; few fine roots; few
distinct clay films on faces of peds; common to many flakes of mica;
common bodies of saprolite; strongly acid; gradual irregular bounda-
ry.
B32-39 to 44 inches, red (IOR 4/6) sandy loam; weak medium angular
blocky and platy rock structure; very friable; few fine roots; few
thin patchy clay films and dark coatings on vertical faces of peds;
common flakes of mica; common quartz gravel; strongly acid;
gradual irregular boundary.
C1-44 to 72 inches, red (IOR 4/6) saprolite that crushes to sandy loam;
rock controlled structure; very friable; few fine roots; small
amounts of clay in cracks; common bodies of dark minerals; common
flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary.
C2-72 to 112 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) and light gray (10YR 7/1) soft
` saprolite that crushes to sandy loam; rock controlled structure; very
friable; few dark coatings on faces of structural units; few inter-
bedded ledges of mica schist; strongly acid.
The solum is 40 to 60 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 60
inches. The profile is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed.
The Al horizon is brown, dark brown, reddish brown, or dark reddish
brown loam or fine sandy loam. The A2 horizon is brown, dark brown, or
reddish brown loam or fine sandy loam.
The B1 horizon is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. The B2t horizon
'is yellowish red or red. The B3 horizon is red or yellowish red sandy
clay loam or sandy loam.
--- The C horizon is gneiss or schist saprolite that crushes to sandy loam
or loam.
The B1 horizon is clay loam, sandy clay loam,
-Kinkora Series
The Kinkora series consists of poorly drained,
moderately slowly permeable, nearly level soils that
--_.formed in old alluvium, mainly from areas of acid crystal-
line rocks. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent.
Typical pedon of Kinkora loam in an idle field in the
-Mills River Community along N.C. Highway 191, 1.2 miles
vest of the French Broad River and 1,000 feet north of
highway on field road, 30 feet east of field road:
Ap-0 to 7 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak medium and coarse
granular structure; friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many
fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
B21tg-7 to 16 inches, gray (10YR 511) clay loam; few fine distinct yel-
lowish brown mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
friable; sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; continuous
clay films on faces of peds and in channels; few fine flakes of mica;
very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
B22tg-16 to 33 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; few fine distinct yellowish
brown mottles; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky struc-
ture; firm; sticky and plastic; few fine roots; thin continuous clay
films on faces of peds and in channels; few fine flakes of mica; very
strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Cg-33 to 60 inches, gray (10YR 5/1) clay; few fine distinct yellowish
brown mottles; massive; firm; sticky and plastic; common fine flakes
of mica; very strongly acid.
The solum is 24 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is more than 72
inches. The profile is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout, un-
less limed.
The A horizon is dark gray, gray, or dark grayish brown loam or silt
loam.
The B2t horizon is gray or light gray clay loam, clay, silty clay, or
silty clay loam.
The C horizon is gray or light gray unconsolidated alluvial deposits.
Porters Series
The Porters series consists of well drained, moderately
permeable, moderately steep to very steep soils that
formed in material derived from rocks containing a rela-
tively large amount of ferromagnesian minerals. Slopes
are 15 to 70 percent.
Typical pedon of Porters stony loam, 25 to 45 percent
slopes, in a wooded area about 1.5 miles west of Bear
Wallow Mountain Fire Tower, 02 mile north of State
Road 1594, and 75 feet east of State Road 1596:
01-1 inch to 0, layer of leaves and green moss.
A1-0 to 6 inches, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) stony loam;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; slightly sticky and
slightly plastic; many fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; 10 percent
stones; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
B1-6 to 10 inches, dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak medium suban-
gular blocky structure; very friable; slightly sticky and slightly
plastic; common fine roots; few fine flakes of mica; medium acid;
clear §mooth boundary.
B2t-10 to 23 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak medi-
um subangular blocky structure; friable; sticky and slightly plastic;
few fine roots; few thin clay films on faces of peds; few moderately
hard and soft coarse rock fragments; few fine flakes of mica;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B3-23 to 32 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium sub -
angular blocky structure; very friable; slightly sticky-, few fine
roots; common moderately hard and soft rock fragments; few fine
flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
C-32 to 42 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) saprolite that crushes to sandy
loam; moderately hard rock in places; medium acid; clear irregular
boundary.
R-42 inches, hard gneiss with common fractures.
The solum is 20 to 40 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 72 inches.
Stones cover 5 to 15 percent of the surface. The profile is medium acid
or strongly acid throughout, unless limed.
The Al horizon is very dark grayish brown, dark brown, or very dark
brown.
The B1 horizon is dark brown or brown loam or sandy clay loam. The
B2t horizon is yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, or strong brown
loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The B3 horizon, if present, is yel-
lowish brown, dark yellowish brown, or brown loam or sandy clay loam.
The C horizon, if present, is brown or brownish yellow.

SOIL SURVEY
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
;o medium. Permeability is moderately rapid, and availa-
water capacity is low. Shrink -swell potential is low.
-action is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
he profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is 20
o 40 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth
of more than 6 feet.
Almost all areas of this soil are wooded. A few areas
ire used for pasture. A few summer cottages or vacation
abins have been built on sites that are accessible and
have esthetic value.
This soil has a low potential for cultivated crops,
jasture forages, and apples because of slope and stoni-
ess.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses because
f slope and depth to bedrock. Onsite evaluation and
lanning are needed when this soil is used for septic tank
absorption fields, roads, or dwellings.
This soil has medium potential for pines or other
onifers. Slope and surface stones are the major limita-
'ions to woodland use or management. Capability subclass
VIIs; woodland group 3x.
AhG—Ashe stony sandy loam, 45 to 70 percent
lopes. This somewhat excessively drained soil is on
-. ough sides of mountains. Areas are irregularly shaped
and are 10 to 90 acres in size. Stones cover 5 to 15 per-
ent of the surface.
Typically, the surface layer is stony sandy loam 7
inches thick. It is dark brown in the upper part and yel-
'-wish brown in the lower part. The subsoil is yellowish
awn sandy loam 14 inches thick. The underlying layer,
-o a depth of 30 inches, is gray saprolite that crushes to
sandy loam. Moderately hard granite -gneiss rock is at a
epth of 30 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few small areas
of Edneyville soils, a few small areas of Spivey soils in
drainageways, and some small areas of rock outcrop.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
o medium. Permeability is moderately rapid, and availa-
ble water capacity is low. Shrink -swell potential is low.
—,eaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
ie profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is 20
w 40 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth
of more than 6 feet.
This soil is wooded. A few isolated areas are used as
ative pasture or as sites for vacation homes.
This soil has low potential for row crops, hay, pasture,
nd apples because of slope and surface stones.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses because
slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock. Onsite evalua-
tion and planning are needed when this soil is used for
Bptic tank absorption fields, roads, or dwellings.
This soil has medium potential for pines or other
conifers. Slope and surface stones are the major limita-
*ions to woodland use or management. Capability unit
Us; woodland group 3x.
ArG—Ashe-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 70 percent
ipes. This complex consists of areas of Ashe soils and
Rock outcrop that are so intermingled that they could not
be separated at the scale selected for mapping. Most
areas are irregularly shaped and are 2 to 70 acres in size.
Ashe stony sandy loam makes up 65 to 80 percent of
the area. Typically, the surface layer is stony sandy loam
7 inches thick. It is -dark brown in the upper part and yel-
lowish brown in the lower part. The subsoil is yellowish
brown sandy loam 14 inches thick. The underlying layer,
to a depth of 30 inches, is gray saprolite that crushes to
sandy loam. Moderately hard granite -gneiss rock is at a
depth of 30 inches.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderately rapid, and availa-
ble water capacity is low. Shrink -swell potential is low.
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is 20
to 40 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth
of more than 6 feet.
Rock outcrop (figure 1) makes up 5 to 15 percent of the
area. Bedrock exposures are mainly granite -gneiss.
Included with this complex in mapping are some small
areas of soils that have loose stones on the surface. Also
included are a few areas of Edneyville soils.
This complex is wooded.
This complex has low potential for row crops, hay,
pasture, and apples because of slope, rock outcrop, and
surface stones.
This complex has low potential for most urban uses
because of slope, stoniness, and depth to bedrock. Onsite
evaluation and planning are needed when this soil is used
for septic tank absorption field, roads, or dwellings.
This complex has medium potential for pines or other
conifers. Slope, rock outcrops, and surface stones are the
main limitations to woodland use or management. Capa-
bility subclass VIIs; woodland group 3x.
BaB—Bradson gravelly loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on broad, smooth, high stream
terraces. Areas are somewhat elongated and are 6 to 30
acres in size. Gravel covers 5 to 25 percent of the surface.
Typically, the surface layer is reddish brown gravelly
loam 6 inches thick. The subsoil is red clay and clay loam
59 inches thick. The underlying layer, to a depth of 75
inches, is reddish yellow saprolite that crushes to loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam, a few
small areas of eroded soils, and some small areas of soils
that do not have gravel on the surface. Small areas of a
soil that has a strong brown or yellowish brown subsoil
are also included.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium to high. Shrink -swell potential is low.
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of more than 6 feet.
This soil is cleared and used mainly for crops.

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
This soil has high potential for production of row crops
such as corn, tobacco, cabbage, potatoes, beans, and
squash and for production of pasture and hay plants such
as Kentucky bluegrass, fescue, orchardgrass, sericea
lespedeza, and alfalfa. The hazard of erosion is moderate
if cultivated crops are grown. Minimum tillage, contour
farming, using cover crops such as grasses and legumes in
the cropping system, and grassing of waterways are prac-
tices that help to reduce runoff, control erosion, and main-
tain production potential. The potential for producing ap-
ples on this soil is high. Limitations to management are
minor, but frost. pockets are a hazard in places.
This soil has high potential for most urban uses, such as
dwellings and roads. Good performance and low main-
tenance can be expected. Permeability is a limitation for
septic tank absorption fields, but this limitation can be
overcome by modifying the field or increasing the size of
the absorption area.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. There are no significant limitations to
woodland use or management. Capability subclass IIe;
woodland group 2o.
BaC—Bradson gravelly loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on smooth, high stream terraces.
Areas are irregularly shaped and are 6 to 20 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is reddish brown gravelly
loam 6 inches thick. The subsoil is red clay and clay loam
59 inches thick. The underlying layer, to a depth of 75
inches, is reddish yellow saprolite that crushes to loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are some small areas
of a soil that has a surface layer of fine sandy loam, small
areas of eroded soils, and areas of soils that do not have
gravel on the surface. In some places soils that have a
strong brown or yellowish brown subsoil are also in-
cluded.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium to high. Shrink -swell potential is low.
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of more than 6 feet.
Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
for crops. A few areas are used for pasture.
This soil has medium potential for row crops such as
corn, tobacco, potatoes, squash, green beans, and cabbage.
The hazard of erosion is severe where this soil is cul-
tivated, but practices such as minimum tillage, using con-
servation cropping systems that include legumes and
grasses, contour farming, grassing of waterways, strip -
cropping, and constructing terraces and diversions help to
reduce runoff and erosion and maintain optimum produc-
tion. The production potential is high for hay and pasture
forages such as tall fescue, bluegrass, orchardgrass,
clover, and sericea lespedeza. Proper pasture management
helps to insure adequate protective cover. The potential
for apples is medium, but slope is a minor limitation.
This soil has moderate potential for most urban uses,
such as dwellings, septic tank absorption fields, and roads.
The limitation of slope can be reduced or modified by spe-
cial planning, design, or maintenance. Erosion is a hazard
where ground cover is removed.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. There are no significant limitations to
woodland use or management. Capability subclass IIIe;
woodland group 2o.
BrC—Brevard loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes. This well
drained soil is on smooth foot slopes or benches at the
base of high mountains. Areas are somewhat elongated
and are 6 to 25 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loam 4 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is dark yellowish brown loam
3- inches thick. The subsoil is 63 inches thick. It is yel-
lowish red loam in the upper part, yellowish red sandy
loam and red clay loam in the middle part, and red sandy
clay loam in the lower part. The underlying layer, to a
depth of 90 inches, is strong brown, weathered mica
gneiss that crushes to fine sandy loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam and
small areas of eroded soils. In places scattered stones and
gravel are on the surface. Small areas of Tusquitee, Tate,
and Bradson soils are also included.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is high. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reaction is
strongly acid or medium acid throughout the profile un-
less the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is commonly more
than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of more than 6 feet.
Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
for crops. A few areas are used for pasture.
This soil has medium potential for row crops such as
corn, tobacco, potatoes, squash, green beans, and cabbage.
The hazard of erosion is severe where this soil is cul-
tivated, but practices such as minimum tillage, using con-
servation cropping systems that include legumes and
grasses, contour farming, grassing of waterways, strip -
cropping, and constructing terraces and diversions help to
reduce runoff and erosion and maintain optimum produc-
tion. The potential production is high for hay and pasture
forages such as tall fescue, bluegrass, orchardgrass,
clover, and sericea lespedeza. Proper pasture management
helps to insure adequate protective cover. The potential
for apples is medium; but slope is a minor limitation.
This soil has moderate potential for most urban uses,
such as dwellings, septic tank absorption fields, and roads.
The limitation of slope can be reduced or modified by spe-
cial planning, design, or maintenance. Erosion is a hazard
where ground cover is removed.
This soil has high potential -for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. There are no significant limitations to
woodland use or management. Capability subclass IIIe;
woodland group 2o.

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
this soil is used for septic tank absorption fields, roads, or
dwellings.
This soil has medium potential for pines or other
conifers. Slope and stoniness are the significant limita-
tions to woodland use and management. Capability sub-
class VIIs; woodland group 3x.
CfE—Clifton stony loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on ridgetops. Areas are
somewhat elongated and are 6 to 35 acres in size. Stones
cover 2 to 15 percent of the surface.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown stony loam 4
inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark reddish brown
loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 33 inches thick. The
upper part is yellowish red clay loam, the middle part is
red clay loam, and the lower part is red loam. Hard, dark -
colored gneiss is at a depth of about 42 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Evard and Porters soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reac-
tion is slightly acid or medium acid throughout the profile
unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60
inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of
more than 6 feet.
Most areas of this soil are wooded or are reverting to
woodland. A few summer cottages or vacation cabins
have been built on sites that are accessible and have
esthetic value.
This soil has low potential for cultivated crops and ap-
ples because of steep slopes, stoniness, and rapid runoff.
This soil has medium potential for pasture plants such as
bluegrass and sericea lespedeza.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses because
of slope and stoniness. Onsite evaluation and planning are
needed where this soil is used for septic tank absorption
fields, roads, or dwellings.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. Slope and stoniness are the major limita-
tions to the use and management of this soil for
woodland. Capability subclass VIe; woodland group 2x.
CfF—Clifton stony loam, 25 to 45 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on sides of mountains. Areas are
irregular in shape and are 10 to 40 acres in size. Stones
cover 2 to 15 percent of the surface.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown stony loam 4
inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark reddish brown
loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 33 inches thick. The t
upper part is yellowish red clay loam, the middle part is
red clay loam, and the lower part is red loam. Hard, dark -
colored gneiss is at a depth of about 42 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of 1
Evard and Porters soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is h
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reac- o
tion is slightly acid or medium acid throughout the profile u
unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is 40 to 60 e
inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of
more than 6 feet.
Almost all areas of this soil are wooded. A few areas
are used'for pasture. A few summer cottages or vacation
cabins have been built on sites that are accessible and
have esthetic value.
This soil has low potential for the production of cul-
tivated crops, pasture forages, and apples because of
slope and stoniness.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses because
of slope. Onsite evaluation and planning are needed where
this soil is used for septic tank absorption fields, roads, or
dwellings. -
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. Slope and stoniness are the major limita-
tions to the use and management of this soil for
woodland. Capability subclass VIIs; woodland group 2x.
Co—Codorus loam. This moderately well drained to
somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soil is in slightly
depressional areas on wide flood plains and on narrow
flood plains. In many places this soil makes up an entire
flood plain. Areas are somewhat elongated and are 4 to 40
acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is brown loam 12 inches
thick. The subsoil is dark brown loam and mottled grayish
brown fine sandy clay loam 33 inches thick. The underly-
ing layer, to a depth of 60 inches, is dark gray loamy
sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam and a
few small areas of Comus, Rosman, Toxaway, and Hat-
boro soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reac-
tion is medium acid or slightly acid throughout the profile
unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is more than 60
inches. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to
2 feet for 2 to 6 months in most years. This soil is subject
to frequent flooding.
This soil has medium potential for the production of
water -tolerant row crops and hay and pasture forages,
but in places flooding damages these crops. Cabbage,
green beans, squash, and corn can be grown continuously,

-J
SOIL SURVEY
,Cu—Comus fine sandy loam. This well drained, nearly
trel soil is in slightly elevated positions commonly ad -
it to streams on wide flood plains (fig. 2). Areas are
somewhat elongated and are 4 to 25 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is brown fine sandy loam 20
:hes thick. The subsoil is yellowish brown loam 16
inches thick. The underlying layer, to a depth of 70
;^^hes, is mottled brown loam in the upper part and mot-
d grayish brown sandy loam in the lower part.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
foils that have a surface layer of loam and a few small
has of Codorus and Rosman soils.
The organic -matter. content of the surface layer is low
,a -medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
rapacity is medium. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reac-
n is strongly acid to medium acid throughout the
)file unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is more
.han 72 inches. The seasonal high water is at a depth of
-'-)ut 30 inches for 2 to 6 months in most years. This soil
subject to frequent, very brief flooding.
— ilost areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
or crops. A few areas are used for pasture.
Chis soil has high potential for the production of row
ps such as corn, cabbage, potatoes, squash, and green
Jeans -and for the production of hay and pasture plants
­h as clover, tall fescue, and orchardgrass. Flooding is a
yard during spring and summer. Row crops can be
-._wn continuously, but minimum tillage and cover crops
.elp to maintain tilth and production. The potential for
orchards is low because of the hazard of flooding
a seasonal high water table.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses, such as
wellings, roads, and septic tank absorption fields,
ause of a seasonal high water table and the hazard of
iding. These limitations are difficult and costly to over-
ome.
his soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
;r conifers. There are no significant limitations to
roodland use and management. Capability subclass IIw;
•oodland group lo.
!eA—Delanco loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This
Ierately well drained soil is on low stream terraces.
reas are somewhat irregularly shaped and are 4 to 25
�s in size.
ypically, the surface layer is brown loam 10 inches
,.dk. The subsoil is 30 inches thick. It is yellowish brown
ay loam and mottled brown clay loam in the upper part
mottled light brownish gray sandy clay loam in the
>r part. The underlying layer, to a depth of 60 inches,
mottled gray sandy clay loam.
Tncluded with this soil in mapping are small areas of
.cora and Codorus soils. Also included are a few small
—s of soils that are more clayey than this Delanco soil.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
tedium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
city is medium. Shrink -swell potential is moderate.
—7tion is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout
profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 72 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of about 30 inches for 2 to 3 months in most years.
This soil is subject to occasional, very brief flooding in the
low-lying areas.'
Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
for crops and pasture.
This soil has high potential for the production of row
crops such as corn, cabbage, potatoes, squash, and green
beans and for hay and pasture plants such as clover, tall
fescue, and orchardgrass. Flooding for short periods is a
hazard during spring and summer in the lower lying
areas. Row crops can be grown continuously, but
minimum tillage and cover crops help to maintain soil
tilth and reduce erosion. The potential for apple orchards
is low because of flooding and a seasonal high water
table.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses, such as
dwellings, roads, and septic tank absorption fields. The
limitations —a seasonal high water table and a hazard of
flooding —are difficult and costly to overcome.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and conifers.
Wetness is the main limitation to woodland use and
management. Capability subclass IIw; woodland group
2w.
DeB—Delanco loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes. This
moderately well drained soil is on somewhat elevated
stream terraces and at the head of small drainageways.
Areas are irregularly shaped and are 4 to 30 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is brown loam 10 inches
thick. The subsoil is 30 inches thick. It is yellowish brown
clay loam and mottled brown clay loam in the upper part
and mottled light brownish gray sandy clay loam in the
lower part. The underlying layer, to a depth of 60 inches,
is mottled gray sandy clay loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
wetter soils; small areas of soils that are more clayey
than this Delanco soil; and a few areas of eroded soils.
Also included are a few small areas of soils that are as
much as 10 percent gravel.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium. Shrink -swell potential is moderate.
Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 72 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of about 30 inches for 2 to 3 months in most years.
This soil is subject to occasional, very brief flooding in the
low-lying areas.
Most areas of this soil are cleared and used for crops.
This soil has high potential for production of row crops
such as corn, tobacco, cabbage, potatoes, beans, and
squash and pasture and hay plants such as Kentucky
bluegrass, fescue, orchardgrass, sericea lespedeza, and al-
falfa. Erosion is a hazard if cultivated crops are grown.
Minimum tillage, contour farming, using cover crops,
using a cropping system that includes grasses and
legumes, and grassing waterways are practices that help
to reduce runoff and erosion and maintain high produc-

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown loam
12 inches thick. The subsoil is dark gray loam 24 inches
thick. The underlying layer, to a depth of 62 inches, is
dark grayish brown loamy sand and grayish brown sand.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Toxaway and Codorus soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is high. Shrink -swell potential is low. Reaction is
slightly acid to strongly acid throughout the profile unless
the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.
The seasonal high water table is at or near the surface.
This soil is subject to frequent flooding.
Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
for crops or pasture. A few areas are wooded.
This soil has moderate production potential for water -
tolerant row crops and hay and pasture plants. Because of
flooding, however, these crops may be damaged. Cabbage,
green beans, squash, and corn can be grown continuously.
Minimum tillage, using cover crops, and including grasses
and legumes in the conservation cropping system help to
maintain soil tilth and production. The production poten-
tial for apples is low because of the hazard of flooding
and a seasonal high water table. Winter crops, such as
wheat, are commonly damaged by excessive wetness.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses, such as
dwellings, roads, and septic tank absorption fields. The
hazard of flooding and a seasonal high water table are
difficult and costly to overcome.
This soil has high potential for water -tolerant hard-
woods and pines. Wetness is the main limitation to
woodland use and management. Capability subclass IIIw;
woodland group 1w.
HyB—Hayesville loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes. This
well drained soil is on broad, smooth ridgetops at the
lower elevations in the county. Areas are somewhat elon-
gated and are 6 to 35 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loam 4 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is brown loam 4 inches thick.
The subsoil is 36 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish
red clay loam, the middle part is yellowish red and red
clay loam, and the lower part is red sandy clay loam and
sandy loam. The underlying layer is 68 inches thick. The
upper part is red saprolite that crushes to sandy loam,
the lower part is gray and light gray soft saprolite that
crushes to sandy loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam. Also in-
cluded are a few areas of eroded soils and a few small
areas of Evard, Bradson, and Fannin soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium to high. Shrink -swell potential is low.
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
depth of more than 6 feet.
Most areas of this soil have been cleared and are use,
for crops. Some areas are used as building sites and farm
steads.
This soil has high production potential for row crop:
such as corn, tobacco, cabbage, potatoes, beans, an(
squash and for pasture and hay plants such as Kentuck,
bluegrass, fescue, orchardgrass, sericea lespedeza, and al
falfa. Erosion is a hazard if cultivated crops are grown
Minimum tillage, contour farming, using cover crops, in
cluding grasses and legumes in the cropping system, an(
grassing of waterways are practices that help to reduce
runoff and control erosion. The production potential foi
apples is high on this soil (fig. 3). -
This soil has moderate potential for most urban uses
Permeability limits the performance of septic tank ab.
sorption fields, but this limitation can be reduced it
places by modifying the field or increasing the size of the
filter area. When this soil is used for dwellings or loca
roads, low shear strength limits performance and in-
creases maintenance needs.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. There are no major limitations tc
woodland use or management. Capability subclass IIe;
woodland group 2o.
HyC—Hayesville loam, 7 to 15 percent slopes. This
well drained soil is on broad, smooth, rolling foot ridges at
the lower elevations. Areas are irregularly shaped and
are 6 to 50 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loam 4 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is brown loam 4 inches thick.
The subsoil is 36 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish
red clay loam, the middle part is yellowish red and red
clay loam, and the lower part is red sandy clay loam and
sandy loam. The underlying layer is 68 inches thick. The
upper part is red saprolite that crushes to sandy loam.
and the lower part is gray and light gray soft saprolite
that crushes to sandy loam.
Included with this soil in mapping are areas of soils
that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam and a few
areas of eroded soils. Also included are small areas of
Bradson, Evard, and Fannin soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
medium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
capacity is medium to high. Shrink -swell potential is low
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at s
depth of more than 6 feet.
Almost all areas of this soil have been cleared and arE
used for crops or pasture. Some areas are used for build-
ing sites and farmsteads.
This soil has medium potential for row crops such as
corn, tobacco, potatoes, squash, green beans, and cabbage
Erosion is a hazard when this soil is cultivated, but prac-
tices such as minimum tillage, using a conservatior
cropping system that includes legumes and grasses, con•
tour farming, grassing of waterways, striperopping, anc
constructing terraces and diversions help to prevent ex-

i6
SOIL SURVEY
essive soil losses. The production potential is high for
-v and pasture plants such as tall fescue, bluegrass,
hardgrass, clover, and sericea lespedeza. The potential
tor apples is high, but slope is a limitation when the soil is
sed for this purpose.
This soil has moderate potential for most urban uses.
Permeability and slope limit the performance of septic
Lnk absorption fields, but this limitation can be reduced
i places by modifying the field or increasing the size of
-_ae filter area. Low shear strength and slope limit per-
formance and increase maintenance needs when this soil
used for dwellings or local roads.
,This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. There are no major limitations to
woodland use and management. Capability subclass IIIe;
oodland group 2o.
HyE—Hayesville loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes. This
well drained soil is on smooth ridges at the lower eleva-
)ns. Areas are irregularly shaped and are 6 to 30 acres
size.
—Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loam 4 inches
thick. The subsurface layer is brown loam 4 inches thick.
ie subsoil is 36 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish
d clay loam, the middle part is yellowish red and red
clay loam, and the lower part is red sandy clay loam and
ndy loam. The underlying layer is 68 inches thick. The
per part is red saprolite that crushes to sandy loam,
—d the lower part is gray and light gray soft saprolite
that crushes to sandy loam.
, zcluded with this soil in mapping are small areas of
,s that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam, and in
some places there are some small areas of eroded soils.
"'so included are small areas of Evard and Fannin soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is
__!dium. Permeability is moderate, and available water
=apacity is medium to high. Shrink -swell potential is low.
!action is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 60 inches. The seasonal high water table is at a
pth of more than 6 feet.
12ost areas of this soil have been cleared and are used
crops or pasture.
This soil has medium potential for most locally grown
ps such as corn, tobacco, beans, and cabbage, but the
;ard of erosion is very severe when the soil is cul-
ivated. Practices such as minimum tillage, using a conser-
ration cropping system that has long-term sod crops, con-
r farming, grassing of waterways, and establishing
ersions help to reduce soil losses, conserve moisture,
.nd maintain production. The production potential is
dium for hay and pasture plants such as tall fescue,
egrass, orchardgrass, clover, and sericea lespedeza.
..iper pasture management helps to insure adequate
,rotective cover. The potential for apples is medium, but
)e is a limitation to the operation of spraying and har-
ting equipment.
'his soil has low potential for most urban uses, such as
,tic tank absorption fields and dwellings and roads,
because of slope. Extensive modification of the soil or
major planning, special design, and intensive maintenance
are generally required to overcome the limitation of slope.
Erosion is a hazard where ground cover is removed.
Permeability and slope limit the performance of septic
tank filter fields.
This soil has high potential for hardwoods and pines or
other conifers. Slope is the main limitation to woodland
use and management. Capability subclass IVe; woodland
group 2r.
Ko—Kinkora loam. This poorly drained, nearly level
soil is on low terraces along the larger streams. Areas are
irregularly shaped and are 4 to 20 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray loam 7 inches
thick. The subsoil is mottled' gray clay loam or clay 26
inches thick. The underlying layer, to a depth of 60
inches, is mottled gray clay.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Hatboro and Delanco soils and a few areas of a soil that
is not so wet as Kinkora soils.
The organic -matter content of the surface layer is low
to medium. Permeability is moderately slow, and available
water capacity is high. Shrink -swell potential is moderate.
Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout
the profile unless the soil is limed. Depth to bedrock is
more than 72 inches. The seasonal high water table is at
or near the surface for 2 to 6 months each year. This soil
is subject to occasional, brief flooding.
Most areas of this soil are cleared and used for crops or
pasture.
This soil has medium production potential for corn and
water -tolerant plants such as tall fescue, clover, and reed
canarygrass. Production is limited because. of flooding and
a seasonal high water table.
This. soil is slow to warm up in spring. Management
practices such as minimum tillage, using cover crops, in-
cluding legumes and grasses in the conservation cropping
system, and draining the surface help to maintain soil
tilth and production potential. Wetness limits the use of
this soil for apple orchards. Winter crops, such as wheat,
are commonly damaged by excessive wetness.
This soil has low potential for most urban uses. Slow
permeability, a seasonal high water table, and flooding
limit the use of the soil for building sites, septic tank ab-
sorption fields, and roads. The limitation of flooding and
the moderate shrink -swell potential are difficult and
costly to overcome. Special design and intensive main-
tenance are needed for roads and dwellings.
This soil has high potential for water -tolerant hard-
woods and pines. Wetness is the main limitation to
woodland use and management. Capability subclass IVw;
woodland group 2w.
PoE—Porters stony loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes.
This well drained soil is on mountainsides. Areas are elon-
gated and are 6 to 25 acres in size. Stones cover 5 to 15
percent,of the surface.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
stony loam 6 inches thick. The subsoil is 26 inches thick.

ATTACHMENT C: NCDA Agronomic Division Soil Testing
Lab Analysis Results

... ..,... ,�. �Ulu
--�- - -- -
-
-
- �-
el J 9
-
Grower:
Northland Cranberries
Copies lo: Agri -Waste Technology Inc.
:i
attn:Blake Kehoe-
Po Box 1009
r�=-;:���
� Sou
TestReport
Mountain Home NC 28758
Agri -Waste Technology Inc.
Pann:
attn.-Jeff Vaughan
5400 Etta Burke Ct.
12/29/00 SERVING N.C. CITIZENS FOR OVER 50 YEARS
Henderson County
Raleigh, NC 27606
Agronomist Comments:
Field Information
Applied
Lime
Recommendations.,
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr T/A
Crop or Year Lime
N
A05 ICO
N19 Cu
Zn
B Aln See Note
UPAP1 Fes/OG/rim,M
lst Crop: Fes/0G/1'im,M .7T
120-200
60-80 40-60
0 0
0
0 12
Upland. Ap
2n(1 Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM% 1v/V CEC
BS%
Ac pH P-1 K-1 Ca% Mg%
Mic-1 Mn-AI (1) Mn-AI (2) Zn-]
Zn-AI
Cu-I
S I SS-1 Na-N NIL-N Na
MIN 0.81 1.14
4.0
70.0
1.2 5.2 28 43 50.0 14.0
210
143 58
58
33
146 0.1
Field-lnformation :> ; .:.,Applied
Lime
Recommendations:;;';
.Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr T/A
.Crop or Year Lime
N
h05 ICO
Mg Cu
Zn
B Mn See Note
UPBT1 Fes/OG/rim,M
1st Crop: Fes/OG/rim,M -5T
120-200
140-160 60-80
0 $
$
0 12 '
Upland .Btl
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM% IV/V CEC
BS%
Ac pH P-1 K-1 Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-AI (1)Mn-AI (2) Zn-I
Zn-AI
Cu-1
S-1 SS-1 NQ8-N NIL-N Na
MIN 0.0 1.17
2.9
72.0
0.8 5.2 0 34 46.0 22.0
33
37 8
8
8
273 0.1
Field Information
lied. Lime
Recommendations°-
"KO
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr T/A
Crop or Year lime
N
R05
Afg Cu
Zn
B Afn See Note
UPBT2 Fes/OG/rim,M
Ist Crop: Fes/OG/rim,M AT
120-200
140-160 70-90
0 $
$
0 12
Upland Bt2
2nd Cl'0
Test Results
Soil Class HM% W/V CEC
BS%
Ac p11 P-1 K-1 Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-A1(1) Mn-A1(2) . Zn-1
Zn-AI
Cu-1
S-1 SS-1 Ned-N NI&N Na
MIN 0.0 1.21
3.5
77.0
0.8 5.3 0 28 53.0 22.0
28
34 10
10
10
211 0.1
Field Information
Applied
Lime
Recommendations
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr T/A
Crop or Year Lime
N
AOs KO
Afg Cu
Zn
B hln See Note
BMAP1 Fes/OG/1'im,M
1st Crop: Fes/OG/rim,M 0'
120-200
0-20 90-110
0 0
0
0 12
Lowland AD
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM% W/V CEC
BS%
Ac pH P-I K-1 Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-AI (1) Mn-Al (2) Zn-I
Zn-AI
Cu-1
S-1 SS-1 N08-N NIL-N Na
MIN o.86 1.04 6.3
87.0
0.8 6.2 59 18 65.0 21.0
292
189 129
129
64
53 0.1

q
Puu y
r, �oap mig
AU IM '.265 �;roi" Nor'
---A Cil,
te--
R ef
lied Lime Recommendations
Sample No. Last Crop
o
Yr TIA
Crop or Year
Lime
N h05 1W
Mg Cis
Zn
B
Mis
See Note
BMBT1 Fes/OG/rim,M
Lowland Btl
1st Crop: Fes/OG/TIm,M
I
0
120-200 110-130 100-120
0 0
0
0
1
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM' IVIV CEC
BS916
Ac pH P-1 K-I
Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-AI (1)Mn-AI (2) Zn-1
Zn-AI
C11-1
S-1
SS-1
NQj-N AH-N Na
MIN 0.71 0.99.
5.8
90.0
0.6 6.3 10 14
67.0 21.0
263 170 40
40
56
37
0.1
Field Jfiformati6n-
Ap
P lied Lime .Recommendations:;-
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr TIA
Crop or Year
Lime
N A05 bO
Mg Cis
Zn
B
Alit
See Note
BMBY2 Fes/OG/rim,M
1st Crop: Fes/OG/Tini,M
0
120-200 70-90 120-140
0 0
$
0
12
Lowland Bt2
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM961 W/V CEC
BS%
Ac p1l P-1 K-1
Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-Al (1) Mn-Al (2) Zn-1
Zn-AI
Cu-1
S-1
SS-1
Na-N NU-N Na
MIN , 1.25 1.09
4.7
81.0
0.9 6.2 23 8
60.0 20.0
33 34 14
14
45
39
0.1
Field Information
lied Lime
Recommendations
Sample No. . Last Crop
Mo
Yr TIA
Crop or Year
Lime
N R05 KO Afg Cis
A
B
Milt
See Note
.,BMBY3 Fes/OG/Tim,M
1st Crop: Fes/OG/Tim,M
0
120-200 80-100 110-130
0 0
$
0
12
Lowland - BU
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HMYo W/V CEC
BSYo
Ac 'PH - P-I K-1
Ca% Mg%
Mn-1 Mn-Al (1) Mn-AI (2) A-1
Zn-AI
Cu-1
S-1
SS-1
Nes-N N&N Na
MIN 0.71 1.15
3.4
88.0
0.4 6.3 21 10
66.0 20.0
94 69 19
19
26
26
0.1
Field hifoklM gtiowq; '-,
lied;LimeRec6mmendations,-,:.-
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr TIA
Crop or Year
Lime
N A05 ko
Mg Cis
Zn
B
Mn
See Note
BMCG1 Fes/OG/Tim,M
1st Crop: Fes/OG/Tim,M
.8T
120-200 0-20 110-130
0 0
0
0
12
Lowland Cgl
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HM% IVIV CEC
BS016
Ae PH P-1 K-1
Ca% Mg%
Mn-1Mn-A1(1)Mn-AI (2) Zn-1
Zn-Al.
Cu-1
S-1
SS-1
Na-NAH-N Na
MIN 1.02 1.03
5.1
73.0
1.4 5.2 61 10
52.0 20.0
78 64 31
31
40
268
0.1
Field Information -I.
A PP
lied Lime
Recommendation
4,�,
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo
Yr TIA
Crop or Year .
Lime
N A05 KO
Afg Cis
A
B
Ain,
See Note
BMCG2 Fes/OG/Tim,M
1st Crop: I-esA)G/I'im,M
0
120-200 90-110 120-140
0 $
$
0
12
Lowland Cg2
2nd Crop:
Test Results
Soil Class HMYo IVIV 'CEC
BS?10
Ac pH P-1 K-1
Ca% M9%
M11-1 M11-41 (1) M?I-Al (2) Z11-I
Zn-Ai
Cu-1
S-1
SS-1
NQ3-N NI&N Na
MIN 0.18 1.36
1.7
82.0
0.3 6.1 17 8
58.0 21.0
86 67 17
17
13
33
0.1

ATTACHMENT D: Tables 13 and 14 from the Soil Survey of
Henderson County, North Carolina

SOIL SURVEY
TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
[Dashes indicate data were not available. The symbol C means less than; > means greater
than. Absence of an entry means data were not estimated]
{ { ; Available; I Shrink- I Risk of corrosion
Soil name and !•Depth! Permea- I water Soil I swell I Uncoated
I
map symbol { biIity ; capacity { reaction I potentials steel s Concrete
{ In { In/hr ; In/in 1 { I
{ { { I '
I of soil ! I
Arents, loamy:
!
Ae.
1 ! {
Ashe: I ! I
AhE, AhF, AhG-----1 0-7 1 2.0-6.0 1 10.13-0.18 14.5-5.5 !Low-------'
!Low ------- !High.
, 7-21 12.0-6.0 10.10-0.14 1 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- ' g
121-30 1 2.0-6.0 10 08-0.12 ' 4 !Low -_-__--,Hi h..
• ! .5-5.5 ILow------_{Low----___;High.
1ArG:
Ashe part ---_____{ 0-7 i 2.0-6.0 10.13-0.18 ! 4.5-5.5 {Low ------- 1 Low--- !
i 7-21 { 2.0-6.0 I0.10-0.14 ' 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Low ------- -(High.
121-30 { 2.0-6.0 10.08-0.12 { 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- =
;!High.
!Low ------!High.
Rock outcrop
part.
Bradson:'
BaB, BaC---------- 0-6 { 6.0-20 10.06-0.11 14.5-6.0 Low ------- h-----_'
{ 6-65 { 0.6-2.0 10.12-0.18 ' 4.5-5.5 {Low-----_-' g !Moderate.
65-75 { 0.6-2.0 ' � :!High
High------,Moderate.
{
' ' 10.12-0.18 4.5-5.5 ,Low------ g
i ! ! f1i h------
!Moderate.
Brevard:
BrC, BrE, BrF ----- 0-7 2.0-6.0 10.16-0.24 ; 5.1-5.5 ILow------_1 !
Moderate ,Moderate.
! 7-58 , 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20 { 5.1-6.0 ILow--_---_!Moderate,!Moderate.
158-70 1 6.0-20 10.04-0.08 ! 5.1-5.5 ILow----_--' !
� ,Moderate ,Moderate.
Chandler: ! { ! ! I {
CaG---------------! 0-5 { 2.0-6.0 10.12-0.18 i 4.'5-5.5 !Low-------' !
{ 5-26 12.0-6.0 '0.11-0. !LoN-------'High.
! 15 , 4.5-5.5 ,Low------_ 'High. ' 2.0-6 0 ' ! !Low -------
1 10.10-0.14 , 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Low ------- !High.
Clifton:
CfE CfF------_ ' ! '
� ! 0-9 , 5.6-6.20 5 !2.0-6.0 10.15-0! !Low ------- !Low ' 1
!Moderate
.! � !
1 9-36 ! 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20 { 5.6-6.5 lLow------- !Low ------- !Moderate.
136-42
2.0-6.0 1,0.11-0.15 15.6-6.5 ILow ------_!L
ow ------- '
Moderate.
Codorus:
i
Co----------------! 0-12 { 0.6-2.0 10.14-0.20 4.5-7.3 !Low !
112-45 { 0.6-2.0 , gh-----_,Moderate.
10.14-0.18 ! !Hi , 5.5-6.5 ,Low-------' !
145-60 { 2.0-20 10.04-0.08 15.5-6.5 ILow---_-__!High-__---!Moderate.
� !High ------ ,Moderate.
Comus: ! I ! ! ! ! !
Cu ---------------- 1 0-20 1 2.0-6.0 I0.11-0.15 15.1-6.0 !Low-----_-' !
' � � ,Low ---____,Moderate.
,20-36 , 0.6-2.0
10.15-0.20 , 5.1-6.0 ,Low ------- !Low ------- '
15.1-6.0 !Low-------' !Moderate.
136-70 , 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.18
! ,Low ----___ ,Moderate.
Delanco: !
!
!
DeA, DeB ---------- 1 0-10 ! 2.0-6.0 I0.15-0.20 ! 4.5-5.5 ILow-------1 !
' 0.6-2.0 , !Moderate ,
I10-40 High.
' 10.12-0.18 , 4.5-5.5 ,Moderate 'Moderate 'High.
h.
140-60 10.6-20 10.12-0.17 14.5-5.5 !Moderate (Moderate (High.
Edneyville:
EdC, EdE, EdF ----- 0-5 2.0-6.0 10.11-0.17 ! 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Low -- i
------- High.
1 5-30 1 0.6-2.0 10.14-0.16 { 4.5-5.0 !Low ------- !Low ------- '
130-60 , 2.0-6.0 10.08-0.12 ' 4.5-5.0 ' !High.
I , ! ILow-------ILow----_--;High.
Elsinboro:
{ ! 1
EnB--------------- 1 0-9 i 2.0-6.0 ' 1 ! ' ' ,0.15-0..20 , 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Low ------- !High.
{ 9-38 ! 0.6-2.0 10.12-0.20 ' 4.5-5.5 !Moderate ILow ------- '
I
138-55 1 2.0-6.10.05-0.08 ' 4.5-5.5 ' -!High.
0 ,Moderate , ! 'Low-_-____ '
, !High.
See footnotes at end of table.
X IN
I
r

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TABLE 13.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS --Continued
I I I Available[ I Shrink- I Risk of corrosion
Soil name and I Depth! Permea- 1 water I Soil 1 swell I Uncoated I
map symbol I I bility .' capacity i reaction ' potentiali steel. I Concrete
I In I In/hr I In/in 1 pH I I !
I I 1 of soil I I I !
Evard:
EvC, EwE, EwF, EwG1 0-6 12.0-6.0 10.10-0.14 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------- ILow------- !High.
1 6-30 1 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.17 1 4.5-5.5 !Low - Mod.IModerate !High.
130-53 1 2.0-6.0 10.10-0.14 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------- !Moderate !High.
Fannin: ;
FaC, FaE, FaF ----- 1 0-6 1 2.0-6.0 10.10-0.16 4.5-5.5 ILow-------' !
I ,Low -------,High.
1 6-36 1 0.6-2.0' 10.11-0.17 14.5-5.5 !Low ------- ILow------- !Hi h,.
136-60 1 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.15 14.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Low ------- !High.
Hatboro:
I ,
Ha----------------! 0-12 10.6-2.0 10.16-0.22 1 4.5-7.3 lLow------- !High ------ !Moderate.
112-36 ! 0.6-2.0 10.16-0.20 14.5-7.3 ILow------- !High ------ !Moderate.
136-62 1 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.14 15.6-6.5 !Low ------- !High ------ (Moderate.
Hayesville: ! ! I ! 1 ! !
HyB, HyC, HyE-----! 0-8 2.0-6.0 10.12-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Moderate --(Moderate.
8-35 ! 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20 1 4.5-5,.5 !Low ------- (Moderate !Moderate.
135-44 0.6-2.0 l0.12-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------- !Moderate (Moderate.
1
144-72 12.0-6.0 10.11-0.15 ! 4.5-5.5 !Low ------- !Moderate..IModerate.
Kinkora:
Ko----------------! 0-7 1 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20 14.5-5.5 !Low ------- !High ------ !High.
! 7-33 1 0.2-0.6 I0.12-0.20 ! 4.5-5.5 "!Moderate !High ------ !High.
133-60 1 0.2-0.6 10.12-01•18 ! 4.5-5.5 !Moderate !High ------ !High.
1 ! ! !
Porters:
PoE, PoF, PoG-----! 0-6 1 0.6-2.0 I0.16-0.20 ! 4.5-6.0 !Low ------- !Low ------- !High.
! 6-32 1 0.6-2.0 10.16-0.25 ! 4.5-6.0 !Low ------- !Low ------- !High.
132-42 1 2.0-6.0 10.10-0.20 4.5-6.0 !Low ------- !Low ------- High.
Rosman: ! ! 1 1 1 !
Ro----------------I 0-15 1 2.0-6.0 10.11-0.24 1 5.1-6.5 !Low ------- !Moderate '
115-48 1 6.6-20 10.08-0.12 ' 5.1-6.5 ILow------- 'Moderate !Moderate.
!Moderate.
148-70 1 2.0-6.0 10.10-0.14 ! 5.1-6.5 !Low------- !Moderate
, � - ,Moderate.
Spivey:
SpF---------------I 0-42 ! 0.6-6.0 10.05-0.12 ! 4.5-5.5 Low -------!Low-------!Moderate.
Suncook: ! ! ! ! ! ! 1
Su----------------! 0-9 ! >6.0 10.07-0.15 1 4.5-6.5 Mow ------- !Low ------- !High.
1 9-72 , >6.o 10.01-0.13 1 4.5-6.5 !Low ------- ' !
ILow-------(High.
See footnotes at end of table.
83

�.' HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TABLE 14.--SOIL AND WATER FEATURES
[Absence of an entry indicates the feature is not a concern. See text for descriptions of symbols
�• and such terms as "rare," "brief," and "perched." The symbol < means less than; > means
greater than]
Soil name and I �� , ni n water table
map symbol Frequency I Duration (Months I Depth I. Kind
I Months
Arents, loamy:
e_t
Ae. I
I
Ashe: I
AhE, AhF, AhG---- None------__�
i
>6.0
i
1ArG:
Ashe part ------- ! ,None- ------_
___ ,
Rock outcrop
I
part.
Bradson:
i
BaB BaC--------- '
,None--------� ---
! ---I
>6.0---
I ! I
Brevard:
BrC, BrE, BrF---- !None ------__i ___
; ,
>6.0
Chandler:
i
I
CaG-------------- !None----=---!
---
! --- I
>6.0
' --- I
I---
Clifton: I
CfE, !CfF--------- !None--------i ---
! --- !
>6.0
Codorus:
i
i
Cc --------------- !Common ------!
--- !
1.0-2.0
,Apparent ; Nov -Apr I
Comus:
I
Cu-------- '
-------'Frequent----(Very
brieflMar-May!
2.5-3.5
'
!Apparent I Dee -Apr ;
Delanco:
DeA, DeB--------- !Occasional '
� ,Very
brief,Mar-May,
2.5-3.5
I
!Apparent ; Feb -Apr !
Edneyville:
EdC, EdE, EdF---- None------_- I
>6.0
Elsinboro:
EnB-------------- !None I
-------- ---
I --- !
>5.0
Evard:
EvC, EwE, EwF,
EwG-------------- ! None--------�
---
! --- !
>6.0-
Fannin: I
I
FaC, FaE, FaF---- !None ----_-__I ---
I --- !
>6.0
Hatboro:
Ha --------------- !Common
,
------ !
---
0.5
'
!Apparent I Oct -May
Hayesville: i
HyB, HYC, HyE----!None--------i --- i --- ! >6.0 '
Kinkora:
Ko----------- ---- !Occasional !Brief i
! i ,Dec -Mar, 0-1.0 (Apparent I Jan -Apr I
Porters:
PoE, PoF, PoG---- None-----___! >6.0 i
I --- --
See footnotes at end of table.
Depth ; Hardness
f
In '
i
20-40 (.Rippable.
i
20-40 `Rippable.
i
!
>60 ! ---
i
!
>60 _ IRippable.
i
i
i
40-60
!
i
i
40-60 IRippable.
!
i
i
>60
i
i
i
>72 ! ---
!
!
>72 ! ---
!
!
>40 !Rippable.
i
i
i
>72 ! ---
!
!
>48 !Hard.
!
i
i
>60 IRippable.
!
!
>60
>60 !Rippable.
!
>72 I _--
!
!
40-72 !Hard.
I
85

ATTACHMENT E: Electrical Conductivity Results for Soil
Samples Obtained from Areas Currently Used for Wastewater
Application

TRITEST, INC.
3909 Beryl Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NC/WW Cert.#: 067
L a b o r a t o r y R e p o r t
--- Prepared for --- Page 1 of 4
JEFF VAUGHAN Report Date: 1/02/01
AGRI-WASTE TECHNOLOGY, INC. Date Received: 12/01/00
5400 ETTA BURKE COURT
RALEIGH, NC 27606 Work Order ##: a012-00016
Cust. Code: AG0669
Project ID: Cust. P.O.#:
Project Info: SOIL / ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
No.
Sample ID
Date Sampled
Time Sampled
Matrix
Condition
01
Z16 / ZONE 1
11/21/2000
9:00
S
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Specific Conductance EPA 120.1
Results Tech Analyzed Qual
132 umhos/cm KEB 12/04/00
Sample ID Date Sampled Time Sampled Matrix Condition
002 Z112 / ZONE 1 11/21/2000 9:00 S Ambient
Test Performed Method
Specific Conductance EPA 120.1
Results Tech Analyzed Qual
139 umhos/cm KEB 12/04/00
o: Sample ID Date Sampled Time Sampled Matrix Condition
03 Z124/ZONE 1 11/21/2000 9:00 S Ambient
Test Performed Method
Specific Conductance EPA 120.1
---- Continued on Next Page ----
Results Tech Analyzed Qual
27.2 umhos/cm KEB 12/04/00

'
TRITEST,
L a b o r a t o r
AGRI-WASTE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Project No.
INC.
y R
e p o r t
Report Date
Work Order No.
Page 2 of 4
1/02/01
0012-00016
,,o.
Sample ID
Z136/ZONE 1
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time
Sampled Matrix
9:00 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
25.0 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
No.
''05
Sample ID
Z26/ZONE 2
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time
Sampled Matrix
9:15 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
j,
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
108 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
006
Sample ID
Z212/ZONE 2
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time
Sampled Matrix
9:15 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
43.4 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
D.
___)7
Sample ID
Z224/ZONE 2
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time
Sampled Matrix
9:15 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
-
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
62.2 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
No.
'8
Sample ID
Z236/ZONE 2
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time Sampled Matrix
9:15 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
37.1 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
---- Continued on Next Page ----

TRITEST, INC. Page 3 of 4
L a b o r a t o r y R e p o r t
AGRI-WASTE TECHNOLOGY, INC. Report Date 1/02/01
Project No. Work Order No. 0012-00016
o. Sample ID Date Sampled Time Sampled Matrix Condition
09 Z36/ZONE 3 11/21/2000 9:30 S Ambient
Test Performed Method Results Tech Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
54.3 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
No. Sample ID
Date Sampled
Time Sampled Matrix
Condition
LO Z312/ZONE 3
11/21/2000
9:30 S
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech.
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
46.0 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
Sample ID
011 Z324/ZONE 3
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time Sampled Matrix
9:30 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
73.6 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
. Sample ID
;____2 Z336/ZONE 3
Date.Sampled
11/21/2000
Time Sampled Matrix
9:30 S.
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
33.5 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
,To. Sample ID
,3 Z46/ZONE 4
Date Sampled
11/21/2000
Time Sampled Matrix
10:00 S
Condition
Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
108 umhos/cm KEE
12/04/00
---- Continued on Next Page ----

TRITEST, INC. Page 4 of 4
L a b o r a t o r y R e p o r t
AGRI-WASTE TECHNOLOGY, INC. Report Date 1/02/01
ti'; Project No. Work Order No. 0012-00016
o. Sample ID Date Sampled Time Sampled Matrix Condition
`14 Z412/ZONE 4 11/21/2000 10:00 S Ambient
Test Performed
Method
Results Tech
Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance
EPA 120.1
18.1 umhos/cm KEB
12/04/00
No. Sample ID
Date Sampled
Time Sampled Matrix
Condition
15 Z424/ZONE 4
11/21/2000
10:00 S
Ambient
Test Performed Method Results Tech Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance EPA 120.1 14.3 umhos/cm KEB 12/04/00
o. Sample ID Date Sampled Time Sampled Matrix Condition
016 Z436/ZONE 4 11/21/2000 10:00 S Ambient
Test Performed Method Results Tech Analyzed Qual
Specific Conductance EPA 120.1 18.6 umhos/cm KEB 12/04/00
i
SEND BILL & REPORT TO NORTHLAND ALSO. AGRI-WASTE NEEDS A REPORT TOO
'SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED BY DILUTING lOg OF SAMPLE TO 100ml, DI water.
Report `certified by:
for Tritest, Inc.

ATTACHMENT F: NCDA Evaluation Report

yJ V Vl
i I
�i
-- James A. Grahamnrtl7rriYtnrz
c0 0°`7 PzpaT =r i of rult=2
ttnh amzsumier'9zrbi=5
- �
Thursdav, October 26, 2000 Post -it- Fax Note
-/� P.
CoJDept.
Mr. Blakc Kchoc, Plant Manager phone #
Northland Cranbcrry, Inc pax#
PO Box 1009
I14ountain Home, NC 28759
I�fr. Kchoc,
Dr. Richard C. Reich
Director
7671 Date
From
The follouling is a revie%v of an on -site investigation con dt:cted on October 26, 2000
and recommendations for the waste trcatmalt land application site for the Nortluand
plant by dill Yarborough and Steve Dillon, Regional Agronomists at the request of
Mr. Roy Davis, NC:DENR Environmental Engineer.1,dr. Davis was also present for
the fccie`%j7.
The land treatment area consists of appro,,dmately 16 acres divided into 4 fairly equal
irrib7azcd areas. About 50, 000 gallons of effluent is applied each day- to one of the four
areas on a rotated schedule. Thus effluent contains several nutrients, most of which
result in little ,to no environmental hazard. One of the constituents is sodium. Sodium
is not a environmental concern but can lead to problems with soil Physical properties.
Soil contaminated vnth sodium can prevent water from infiltrating the soil, This can
lead to surface water runoff and off site discharge- Sodium is also detrimental to plant
growth which can destroy permanent vegetation. Both of these problems were
observed at this site.
Water analysis presented to us had a sodium value of 140 mg\Liter. This would
equate to 58 lbs, of sodium per d,-&y application or 14lbs\acre for each 4 acre
application area. This rate also is represented in the latest soil samples with elevated
110
4300 Reedy Creek Road. Raleigh. North Carolina 27607-6465
[phone]• FAX [phone] _�

.. ..._ _ .. .. .. �... .tea,.. \••✓ V.\. l..L 1.♦\L\11.J W7• UV.:
I `
sodium levels. Levels of sodium equal to or greater than 15% of the CEC axe
documented to cause soil problems. Soil samples from this site had sodium levels of
neatly 30%.
Observations and evaluation of the hillside showed pondingwatcr and a total lack of
perm=cnt vegetation. Soil borings shbwcd evidence of a perched -water table. All of
these problems point to sodium contamination.
�i
Recommendations:
1. Utilize the new area adjacent to the site for waste treatment as soon as possible.
An application pc'=t for the nc'%, site may be required by DENR before
application is begun. I would suggest contacting iNIr. Davis for clarification.
2. Investigate the possibility of reducing sodium in the effluent by utilizing other
cleaning agents such as potassium hydroxide or equivalent.
3. Remove the annual weed residue from the hillside blocl;:,.plow the area, apply 1.5
tons per acre of gypsum, and disk the area. Apply 150lbs per acre of ammonium
nitratc,180lbs per acre of seed -wheat, and 201bs per acre of reeds canary grass.
Lightly run a cultipackcr over the area. Apply 1 inch of non -waste water per acre
for irrigation each week for three weeks (or equivalent from rain). This work
should be performed wirhin the next 3 weeks for best results. Harvest and rcrnove
the wheat residue next spring and evaluate stand of reeds canarygrass. Sodiuin
remediation is a difficult and slow process. Evaluation of the area should be
catcfally considexcd.bcforc cfflucnt'application is continued.
4. VTc would suggest an application of 1500 lbs. per acrc of gypsum over the entire
present site since .sonic other treated blocks had visual symptoms of poor
vegetation.
5. Consider increasing the acrcagc of the nc-v blocks to rcducc the volume of hater
applied each day. This would reduce the total sodium applied per acre and should
help reduce future problems.
We appreciate the opportunity to assist with this matter. If you have questions or
need clarification. plcase contact either of us. _
Bill Yarborough
828-456-3943
cc: Mr. Roy Davis, NCDENR
S4, -[�� -P ( ("
Steve Dillon
828-765-5537

:qAT.%PfPA 4-A.ww '.�_:Zjvv R1
AIZU11 HUHU UJIM18111 11b A I UV I -U11V:)■.
1! j4 1 i� ;!u o Aeport i4w, 142 E-111.1JU
rh-otver.-
Northland Cranberries
Copies to: Dillon, Sieve
•
t
Attn: Mike Pufflck
PO Hox 1009
Mountain Ilome, NG 28758
.......
so
lo/
est e o. �t
11/9/00 SERVING.N.C. CITIZENS FOR OVER 50 YEARS
Henderson County
Agronomist Comments:
A — 3
Sodium levels are high In both samples. Sodium is a bit lower In the 4 to 8 inch depth. Gypsum would be Ilie
most effective way to reduce sodium
in [fie sail. Gypsum Incorporated Into the
soli would be most effec(lye. M. Ray Tucker, AR onornist
Field Ifif6ruiai tidh.''!
Applied Lime
Recommendations
Sample No. Last Crop
Mo Yr TIA
Crop or Year Lime N
h05 A.0
Mg Cis
Zts B Mn See Note
0-4// Fes/OG/Tirn,M
1st Crop: Small Grains 0 80-100
0
0 0
0 0 3.
2nd Crop.
Test Results
S611 class 11M% IVIV (EC BS%
P11 P-1 K-1 Cd% Mg% Mn-! Mn-Al (1) Mit-Al (2) Zu-1
Zji-Al
Cu-1 S-1 SS-1 NQj-N ffih-N Na
MIh 0.86 1.18
8.1 94.0
0.5 7.0 232 436 48.0 t2-2 160.
gi. 861
861
180 62 44 1.9
Field hifohriatibn - i
lied Lime
Recommendations
1. !... .7
Sample No. last Crop
Ko Yr TIA
Crop or Year Lime N
R05 AO
Mg Ca
Zn B Mn ..See Nole
Fes/OG/rim,M
SI Crop: Small Grains 0 80.100
0 0
0 0
0 0 3
2nd Crop -
Test Results
Soil Class HH% . IVIV CE C BS%
Ac pH P-1 K-1 Ca% Mg% Mn-1 Mn-Al (1) Mu. -Al (2) Zu-1
Zn-Al
Cri-I S-1 SS-1 Na-N AT&N Na
MIN 0.86 1.34
4.5 91.0
0.4 7.1 127 211 52.0 15.0 166
93 205
205
89 38 26 1.1
t

ATTACHMENT C3
Hydrogeologist Report

Fletcher Group
OF NORTH CAROLINA
ENGINEERING A ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS
March 21, 2001
Mr. Blake Kehoe
Plant Manager
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
P.O. Box 1009
125 Industrial Park Road
Mountain Home, North Carolina 28758
FLETCHER GROUP, INC.
FLETCHER GROUP, INC.
OF NORTH CAROLINA
FLETCHER ENGINEERING
PIEDMONT INDUSTRIAL
WASTE SERVICES
PIEDMONT PRODUCTS
Subject: Hydrogeologic Assessment for
Spray Irrigation Waste Water Disposal Application
Northland Cranberries, Mountain Home, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Kehoe:
This letter presents the findings of the hydrogeologic assessment completed by the Fletcher Group in
association with the spray irrigation wastewater disposal application for the Northland Cranberries, Inc.
(Northland) facility .in Mountain Home, North Carolina (see Figure 1). The Fletcher Group understands
that. Northland has a Spray Irrigation System Permit (permit) issued by the North Carolina Department of
J Environment, and Natural Resources (DENR) and dated September 20, 2000. Recently, DENR required
that Northland expand the area on which wastewater is sprayed. This expansion requires a modification
to the existing permit.
BACKGROUND
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc. (AWT) is preparing the required application for modification of the permit.
A hydrogeologic study is required in association with the application. Northland contracted the Fletcher
Group to complete the hydrogeologic study and prepare this report in accordance with Title 15A, North
Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC), Subchapter 2H .0200.
The design flow rate for the spray irrigation system exceeds 25,000 gallons per day (gpd). As a result, the
hydrogeologic report must provide the following information, as specified in Subchapter 2H, .0205 (d) (7)
(B):
• A hydrogeologic and soils description of the subsurface to a depth of 20-feet or bedrock,
whichever is less,
• A sufficient number of borings within each major soil type to determine:
■ Significant changes in lithology underlying the site;
■ The vertical permeability of the unsaturated zone;
■ The hydraulic conductivity of the saturated zone,
■ Depth to the mean seasonal high water table (if definable from soil
morphology or from evaluation of other applicable available data) and,
781/2 Patton Avenue Asheville, NC 28801 [phone] Fax [phone] www.fietchergroup.com #d

Mr. Blake Kehoe
Page 2 of 5
March 21, 2001
A determination of the transmissivityy and specifie yield of the unconfined aquifer based
on a withdrawl or recharge test.
In addition, DENR form SIDS 06/94 specifies that, for systems treating industrial waste, or for any
system with a design flow greater that 25,000 gpd, a Hydrogeologic Report must be prepared providing
the following information:
• Extent and lithologic character of the unconfined aquifer,
• Transmissivity and specific yield of the unconfined aquifer,
• Thickness and permeability of the first confining bed,
• Groundwater quality and direction of movement, and
• Evaluation of impacts of the disposal system on water levels, movement, and quality.
METHODS
To complete the required assessment, the Fletcher Group completed the following tasks:
• Reviewed the Soil Scientist Report prepared by AWT.
• Reviewed existing water quality data as provided by Northland.
• Drilled four borings to depths of approximately 20-feet each and collected split spoon
samples at five-foot intervals during drilling to evaluate soil lithology.
• Conducted withdrawal tests (rising head slug tests) at each of the three existing monitoring
wells (MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4).
• Prepared this hydrogeologic assessment.
FINDINGS
Soils
The Soil Scientist Report for Northland, prepared by AWT on February 1, 2001, defined two distinct soil
areas within the area to be irrigated. These were defined as lowland soils and upland soils. The lowland
soils consist mainly of Codorus loam and Comus fine sandy loam while the upland soils consist primarily
of Bradson gravelly loam and a small area of Hayesville loam. AWT dug test pits to access each soil type
and conducted infiltration tests within each soil type.
AWT determined that the depth of soil in the lowland areas exceeded 80-inches. The nature of material
underlying the soil in the lowland area was not defined by AWT. Soil depth in the upland areas exceeded
60-inches. AWT identified saprolite in the upland test pits beginning at a depth of approximately 60
inches.

Mr. Blake Kehoe
Page 3 of 5
March 21, 2001
Soil permeability tests, completed by AWT determined that the most restrictive zone in the lowland area
has a permeability of 0.6- to 2.0-inches per hour. AWT also determined that the most restrictive zone in
the upland area has a permeability of 0.6- to 2.0-inches per hour.
The Fletcher Group expanded upon the soils evaluation completed by AWT by drilling one test boring in
each of the four soil types identified onsite (see Figure 2). Each test boring was drilled using a 6-inch
hollow stem auger drill rig. In each boring, soil samples were collected using a split spoon sampling
device at the following depth intervals below ground surface:
• 1.5 to 3.0 feet,
• 4.0 to 6.0 feet,
• 9.0 to 11.0 feet,
• 14.0 to 16.0 feet, and
• 19.0 to 21.0 feet.
The split spoon sample was driven into the soil using a 140-pound drop hammer. As the spoon was
driven, the Fletcher Group noted the number of blows required to drive the device through each 6-inch
interval. Boring logs were completed and are included as Attachment 1.
As shown on the boring logs, a well defined contact'was identified between soil and saprolite in both
borings drilled in the upland portion of the site. The contact with saprolite occurred at a depth of five -feet
in Boring 1 and 9.25-feet in Boring 2. The saprolite in both borings was of a uniform nature with a
texture of fine sandy silt to silty fine sand. The saprolite in Borings 1 and 2 was unsaturated to a depth of
17- and 22-feet, respectively.
In the lowland areas, fine grained, saturated soil prevented drilling beyond approximately nine -feet below
ground surface. In both borings, a gradational contact between silty clay (soil) and medium to fine sand
(saprolite) was encountered at approximately five -feet below ground surface. In Borings 3 and 4, the soil
was saturated below a depth of approximately three and five feet, respectively.
Hydrogeology
As discussed, groundwater was encountered at depths of approximately 17 - to 22 - feet below ground
surface in the upland areas of the site, and depths of three to five feet below ground surface in the lowland
areas. AWT reports that seasonal high water in the upland area is greater than six feet below ground and
between one and 3.5 - feet in the lowland area.
To assess the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the water table aquifer in the vicinity of the site, rising
head slug tests were completed in three pre-existing monitoring wells situated around the current spray
irrigation area operated by Northland (see Figure 2). Identification tags on the well casings indicate that
these wells are MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4.
Slug test data and analyses are included as Attachment 2. As shown, the calculated hydraulic
conductivity ranged from 3.94 x 10 -3 feet per minute (ft / min) in MW-4 to 4.02 x 104 ft / min in MW-2.
Expressed in gallons per day per square foot (gal/day/ft), the hydraulic conductivity ranges from a high
of 42.4 gaUday/ft2 in MW-1 to a low of 4.3 gal/day/ft2 in MW-2. These hydraulic conductivity values are

Mr. Blake Kehoe
Page 4 of 5
March 21, 2001
consistent with literature values for unconsolidated aquifers composed of silt to fine sand (Groundwater
and Wells, Driscoll, 1986).
The thickness of the aquifer in the vicinity of the existing monitoring wells (where the slug tests were
completed) was not defined during this study nor can it be determined from the boring logs for the
existing wells. However, based upon local topography and the presence of bedrock outcrops in nearby
Mud Creek, it is reasonable to assume that the water table aquifer is approximately 20 - to 40 - feet thick.
Using this range in the assumed aquifer thickness and the calculated hydraulic conductivities, the
transmissivity of the water table aquifer would be between 1,697 gallons per day (gpd) and 87 gpd.
Values of specific yield were obtained from literature (Groundwater and Wells, Driscoll, 1986). Typical
specific yield values for an aquifer comprised of fine grained material, such as that encountered at the
Northland site, range from five to 15 - percent.
The site is immediately adjacent to Mud Creek. Shallow, unconfined groundwater in the vicinity of major
surface water bodies in Western North Carolina typically flows toward and discharges to surface water.
To confirm the direction of groundwater flow, the depth to water was measured in the three existing
monitoring wells previously described (see Table 1). Survey information regarding the elevation of the
well heads was not available. Therefore, the well elevations were estimated by evaluating their
approximate locations on a USGS 7 '/z minute quadrangle map. Using the depth to water information in
conjunction with the approximate wellhead elevations, the direction of groundwater flow was estimated to
be to the west (toward Mud Creek). The approximate direction of groundwater flow is depicted on Figure
2.
Water Quality
Tables summarizing groundwater quality data for monitoring wells MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4 were
provided to the Fletcher Group by Northland. These tables are included as Attachment 3. The water
quality data were compared to water quality standards specified in the permit and to Title 15A, NCAC,
Subchapter 2L (2L) standards. Although the concentration of some monitored compounds appears to
increase between the upland and lowland monitoring wells (i.e., between MW-3 and MW-4) no
compounds were noted at concentration exceeding the water quality standards described above.
Based upon the historic water quality data presented to us by Northland, the Fletcher Group does not
anticipate that exceedance of 2L standards will occur as a result of the proposed spray irrigation system.
Some mounding of groundwater is expected in the vicinity of the irrigated area. The mounding will
locally alter the groundwater gradient during use of the irrigation system. The ability to irrigate in
lowland areas may be seasonally restricted due to high water table conditions.

Mr. Blake Kehoe
Page 5 of 5
March 21, 2001
The Fletcher Group appreciates this opportunity to provide services to Northland. Please call if you have
any questions or require additional information.
Sincerely,,,,,
.Ft(\A CAR
% .
�........� 1 --
SEAL -
16 4 _
Stuart A. Ryman, P.G.
Enclosures Figures 1 and 2
Attachments: Boring Logs
Rising Head Slug Test Data
Water Quality Data
Cc: Mr. Jeff Vaughan, Ph.D., Agri -Waste Technology, Inc.
LIM

FIGURE 1
SITE LOCATION MAP
NORTHLAND CRANBERRIES
MOUNTAIN HOME, NORTH CAROLINA
Fletcher Group FRUITLAND, HENDERSONVILLE, HORSESHOE & SKYLAND,
ENGINEER,,ING3ENVIR-NMENTALSCLUTICN5 NORTH CAROLINA U.S'.G.S. QUADRANGLES
78Y2 P, NORTH CAROLINA TON AVENUE
ASHEVILLENORDRAWN BY: JOHN CHASE DATE: 03-21-01 COUNTOUR INTERVALS: GRAPHIC SCALE
PROJECT MANAGER: STU RYMAN 20. 20, 40. 20 FT RESPECTIVELY
PHONE [phone] CLIENT: NORTHLAND CRANBERRIES 000 0 S00 t000 2000
www.tta tcherg Toup.com FILE: AVL/H:/PROJECTS/NORTHLAND/FIGURE I PHOTO REVISIONS: 1990 & 1991 IN FEET

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ATTACHMENT I
TEST BORING LOGS

Northland Cranberries March 12, 2001
Test Boring 1-
0 — 1 foot
(grab)
topsoil
1 — 3 feet
(split spoon)
Medium brown silty fine sand to fine sandy silt
2, 4, 7, 10
uniform to 3 feet
-
moist / not wet
4 — 6 feet
(split spoon)
As above to 5 feet.
5, 7, 8, 8
sharp transition to gray saprolite at 5 feet
silty fine sand
moist, not wet
9 — 11 feet
(split spoon)
As above
3, 4, 4, 5
uniform gray — light brown saprolite
moist, not wet
14'-16 feet
(split spoon)
Distinct gray fine sand lens at 14 to 14.75 feet
3, 4, 4, 4
sharp transition to black and white saprolite with horizontal layering at
14.75 .
moist, not wet
_ 19 — 21
(split spoon)
saprolite as above
2, 5, 6, 3
wet
cuttings wet at 17 feet
Test Boring 2
—
0 — 1 foot
(grab)
topsoil
1 — 3 feet
(split spoon)
Reddish brown clayey silt
2, 3, 5, 7
uniform throughout
moist, not wet
4 — 6 feet
(split spoon)
As above
3,6,6,7
9 — 11 feet
(split spoon)
As above to 9.25 feet
5, 7, 7, 8
sharp contact with gray saprolite (loose) at 9.25 feet
texture is fine sandy silt to silty fine sand
_
moist, not wet
Page 1 of 2

Northland Cranberries
Test Boring 2 (continued)
14 —16 (split spoon) Well formed saprolite
4, 6, 6, 8 moist, not wet
19 — 21 (split spoon) Very well formed saprolite
5, 7, 8 10 dense
moist, not wet
24.5 feet (grab) As above
moist cuttings — not wet
Test Boring 3
0 — 1 foot
1 — 3 feet
1,2,2,2
4 — 6 feet
1,1,2,1
9 feet
Test Boring 4
0 — 1 foot
1 — 3 feet
2, 4, 8, 6
4 — 6 feet
9 feet
March 12, 2001
(grab) Topsoil
(split spoon) Gray to black silty medium to fine sand
moist to wet
(split spoon) As above
(grab) As above - wet
(grab) Topsoil
(split spoon) Light brown silty clay — plastic
(split spoon) As above to 5 feet
sharp transition to light brown silty medium to fine sand at 5 feet
wet at contact
(grab) As above - wet
Page 2 of 2

ATTACHMENT 2
RISING HEAD SLUG TEST DATA

01 03/15 TAU 17:16 FAX [phone]
FLETCHER GROUP U OM
FLETCHER GROUP slug/ball test analysis Date: 15.03.2001 None, Page 1
Engineering and Environmental Solutions BOUWER-RICE's method Project: Northland Cranberries
Greenvl0e, South CaroAna
ph.[phone] Evaluated by. Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. MW-2 Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-2
t [min]
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 .24 27
10.1
° MW-2
Hydraulic conductivity [ft/min]: 4.02 x 104
°
----------
—�
---
---
---
---
— —
---
° o
— — —
— — — —
— — —
— — —
—
o
°
------
---
---
---
--
---
Qom—
— — —
---
0

'01 03/15 THU 17:16 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP U 003
FLETCHER GROUP
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
Greenvile. South Cardin
phAB62)4214999
slugfbail test analysis
BOUWER-RICE's method
Date: 16.03.2001
None, Page 2
Project: Northland Cranberries
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. MW-2
'test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-2
MW-2
Static water level: 8.19 ft below datum
Pumping test duration
[min)
Water level
[h]
Drawdown
IN
1
0.00
9.00
0.81
21
0.25
9.00
0.81
3
0.50
8.98
0.79
4
0.75
8.96
0.77
5
1.00
4.95
0.76
6
1.25
8.94
0.75
7
1.50
8.93
0.74
81
1.75
8.92
0.73
9
2.00
8.91
0.72
10
2.25
8.90
0.71
11
2.50
8.89
0.70
12
2.75
8.88
0.69
13
3.00
8.87
0.68
14 j
3.50
8.85
0.66
151
4.00
8.83
0.64
16
4.50
8.82
0.63
17
5.00
8.80
0.61
18
6.00
6.79
0.60
19
7.00
8.75
0.56
20
8.00
8.74
0.55
21 1
9.00
8.71
0.52
22
10.00
8.70
0.51
23
11.00
8.68
0.49
24
12.00
8.67
0.48
25
13.00
8.66
0.47
26
14.00
8.65
0.46
27
15.00
8.63
0.44
28
16.00
8.61
0.42
29
17.00
8.59
0.40
30
18.00
8.58
0.39
31
19.00
8.56
0.37
32
20.00
8.55
0.36
33
21.00
8.54
0.35
34
22.00
8.52
0.33
35
23.00
8.51
0.32
36
24.00
8.50
0.31
37
25.00
8.49
0.30

'01 03/15 THU 17:17 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP U 006
FLETCHER GROUP slug/ball test analysis Date: 15.03.2001 one, Page 1
Engineering and Environmental Solutions BOUWER-RICE's method Project: Northland Cranberries
Greenville, South Carolina
ph.[phone] Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. MW-3 Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-3
O
L
0
10°
10-1
o MW-3
Hydraulic conductivity [R/min]: 1.05 x 10-3
t [min]
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24. 27
-----------------------------------------
0
0
------
�o
---
---
---
---
---
--=
---
0
00
000
------
---
-- —
---
000
---
---
---
---
---
0
0
0
0 O
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

'01 03/15 THU 17:18 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP
U 007
FLETCHER GROUP
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
Greenvire, South Carolina
ph.[phone]
slug/bail test analysis
BOUWER-RICE's method
Date: 15.03.2001
None, Page 2
Protect: Northland Cranberries
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. MW-3
Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-3
MW-3
Static water level: 6.90 ft below datum
Pumping test duration
[min]
Water level
[ft]
Drawdown
[ft]
1
0.00
8.05
1.15
2
0.25
8.05
1.15
-
3
0.50
8.00
1.10
41
0.75
7.96
1.06
51
1.00
7.92
1.02
61
1.25
7.90
1.00
7
1.50
7.89
0.99
8
1.75
7.87
0.97
9
2.00
7.84
0.94
10
2.25
7.81
0.91
11
2.50
7.78
0.88
12
2.75
7.76
0.86
13
3.00
7.73
0.83
14
3.25
7.71
0.81
15
3.50
7.69
0.79
16
3.75
7.67
0.77
17
4.00
7.66
0.76
18
4.25
7.65
0.75
19
4.50
7.64
0.74
20
4.75
7.62
0.72
21
5.00
7.60
0.70
22
5.50
7.59
0.69
23
6.00
7.55
0.65
24
6.50
7.53
0.63
25
7.00
7.50
0.60
26
7.50
7.47
0.57
27
8.00
7.46
0.56
28
8.50
7.44
0.54
29
9.00
7.42
0.52
30
9.50
7.42
0.52
31
10.00
7.41
0.51
32
10.50
7.40
0.50
33
11.00
7.39
0.49
34
11.50
7.38
0.48
35
12.00 '
7.37
0.47
36
12.50
7.35
0.45
37
13.00
7.35
0.45
38
13.50
7.34
0.44
14.00
7.33
0.43
14.50
7.32
0.42
15.00
7.32
0.42
r
15.50
7.32
0.42
16.00
7.31
0.41
17.00
7.31
0.41
45
18.00
7.30
0.40
46
19.00
7.29
0.39
47
20.00
7.29
0.39
48
21.00
7.29
0.39

'01 03/15 THU 17:18 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP 16008
FLETCHER GROUP slug/bail test analysis Date: 15.03.2001 None, Page 3
Engineering and Environmental Solutions BOUWER-RICE'S method Project: Northland Cranberries
Gmanville. South Carolina
ph.[phone] Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. MW-3 Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-3
MW-3
Static water level: 6.90 ft below datum
Pumping test duration
[min]
Water level
[ft]
Drawdown
[ftl
51
24.00
7.28
0.38
521
25.00
7.28
0.38
531
26.00
7.28
0.38
54 1
27.00
7.27
0.37.
551
28.00
7.26 .
0.36
561
29.00
7.26
0.36
571
30.00
7.25
0.35

'01 03/15 THU 17:16 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP IA004
FLETCHER GROUP
slug/ball test analysis
Date: 15.03.2001
None, Page 1
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
BOUWER RICE's method
Project: Northland Cranberries
Greenvi le, South Carolina
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
ph.t862y421-9999.
. _Slug Test No! tm-W-4
Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
M W-4
t [min]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
o ..
10 ------ --- --- --- --- ---
----- --- --- --- --- ---
----- --- --- --- --- ---
- ---- --- --- --- --- ---
--- --- ---
----------
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
-- ---- --- --- --- --- ---
0
0
--- --- ---
0 0
------ -- --- --9-- --- ---
=--
10'2
o MW-1
Hydraulic conductivity [fUmin[: 3.94 x 10-3

'01 03/15 THU 17:17 FAX [phone] FL.ETCHER GROUP [d]005
FLETCHER GROUP
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
Greenvale, South Carolina
ph.[phone]
slug/bail test analysis
BOUWER-RICE's method
Date: 15.03.2001
None, Page 2
Project: Northland Cranberries
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. M W-4
Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-1
Static water level: 9.43 It below datum
Pumping test duration
[min]
Water level
[ft]
Drawdown
[ft]
1
0.00
10.39
0.96
2
0.25
10.39
0.96
3
0.50
9.95
0.52
4
0.75
9.75
0.32
5
1.00
9.68
0.25
6
1.25
9.61
0.18
7
1.50
9.58
0.15
8
1.75
9.57
0.14
9
2.00
9.55
0.12
10
2.25
9.54
0.11
11
2.50
9.52
0.09
12
2.75
9.52
0.09
13
3.00
9.51
0.08
14
3.50
9.51
0.08
15
4.00
9.49
0.05
16
4.50
9.48
0.05
17
5.00
9.48
0.05
18
5.50
9.47
0.04
19
6.00
9.47
0.04
20
6.50
9.47
0.04
21
7.00
9.46
0.03
22
7.50
9.46
0.03
231
8.00
9.46
0.03

'01 03/15 THU 17:16 FAX [phone] FLETCHER GROUP IA004
FLETCHER GROUP
slug/ball test analysis
Date: 15.03.2001
None, Page 1
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
BOUWER RICE's method
Project: Northland Cranberries
Greenvi le, South Carolina
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
ph.t862y421-9999.
. _Slug Test No! tm-W-4
Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
M W-4
t [min]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9
o ..
10 ------ --- --- --- --- ---
----- --- --- --- --- ---
----- --- --- --- --- ---
- ---- --- --- --- --- ---
--- --- ---
----------
--- --- ---
--- --- ---
-- ---- --- --- --- --- ---
0
0
--- --- ---
0 0
------ -- --- --9-- --- ---
=--
10'2
o MW-1
Hydraulic conductivity [fUmin[: 3.94 x 10-3

'01 03/15 THU 17:17 FAX [phone] FL.ETCHER GROUP [d]005
FLETCHER GROUP
Engineering and Environmental Solutions
Greenvale, South Carolina
ph.[phone]
slug/bail test analysis
BOUWER-RICE's method
Date: 15.03.2001
None, Page 2
Project: Northland Cranberries
Evaluated by: Chris Bruce
Slug Test No. M W-4
Test conducted on: March 12, 2001
MW-1
Static water level: 9.43 It below datum
Pumping test duration
[min]
Water level
[ft]
Drawdown
[ft]
1
0.00
10.39
0.96
2
0.25
10.39
0.96
3
0.50
9.95
0.52
4
0.75
9.75
0.32
5
1.00
9.68
0.25
6
1.25
9.61
0.18
7
1.50
9.58
0.15
8
1.75
9.57
0.14
9
2.00
9.55
0.12
10
2.25
9.54
0.11
11
2.50
9.52
0.09
12
2.75
9.52
0.09
13
3.00
9.51
0.08
14
3.50
9.51
0.08
15
4.00
9.49
0.05
16
4.50
9.48
0.05
17
5.00
9.48
0.05
18
5.50
9.47
0.04
19
6.00
9.47
0.04
20
6.50
9.47
0.04
21
7.00
9.46
0.03
22
7.50
9.46
0.03
231
8.00
9.46
0.03

Northland Cranberries
Mountain Home, North Carolina
March 12, 2001
uruAw,
Diameter:
Inches
4
Total Depth:
Feet
15.80
Water Level (Static).
Feet
8.19
Screen Interval:
Feet
No Data
Top of Casing from ground surface
Feet
2.00.
pH:
5.33
Conductivity:
µS
178.4
Temperature:
°C
14.8
Pulled two full bailers approximately I liter in volume each
Time Elapsed
Water Level
0.00
8.15
Static
0.25
9.00
0.50
8.98
0.75
8.96
1.00
8.95
1.25
8.94
1.50
8.93
1.75
8.92
2.00
8.91
2.25
8.90
2.50
8.89
2.75
8.88
3.00
8.87
3.50
8.85
4.00
8.83
4.50
8.82
5.00
8.80
6.00
7.79
7.00
7.75
8.00
7.74
9.00
7.71
10.00
7.70
11.00
7.68
12.00
7.67
13.00
7.66
14.00
7.65
15.00
7.63
16.00
7.61
17.00
7.59
18.00
7.58
19.00
7.56
20.00
7.55
21.00
7.54
22.00
7.52
23.00
7.51
24.00
7.50
25.00
7.49
Measured from TOC
Measured from TOC

Northland Cranberries
Mountain Home, North Carolina
March 12, 2001
MW-3
Diameter:
Inches
4
Total Depth:
Feet
25.90
Water Level (Static):
Feet
6.90
Screen Interval:
Feet
20-25
Top of Casing from ground surface
Feet
1.80
pH:
6.20
_ Conductivity:
µS
112.7
Temperature:
°C
15.7
Pulled two full bailers approximately
I liter in volume each
Time Elapsed
Water Level
0.00
7.00
Static
0.25
8.05
0.50
8.00
0.75
7.96
1.00
7.92
1.25
7.90
1.50
7.89
1.75
7.87
2.00
7.84
2.25
7.81
2.50
7.78 .
2.75
7.76
3.00
7.73
3.25
7.71
3.50
7.69
3.75
7.67
4.00
7.66
4.25
7.65
4.50
7.64
4.75
7.62
5.00
7.60
5.50
7.59
6.00
7.55
6.50
7.53
7.00
7.50
7.50
7.47
8.00
7.46
8.50
7.44
9.00
7.42
Measured from TOC
Measured from TOC

9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
15.50
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
7.42
7.41
7.40
7.39
7.38
7.37
7.35
7.35
7.34
7.33
7.32
7.32
7.32
7.31
7.31
7.30
7.29
7.29
7.29
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.27
7.26
7.26
7.25

Northland Cranberries
Mountain Home, North Carolina
March 12, 2001
MW-4
Diameter:
Inches
2
Total Depth:
Feet
18.61
Water Level (Static):
Feet
9.43
Screen Interval:
Feet
15-19
Top of Casing from ground surface
Feet
2.05
pH:
5.94
Conductivity:
µS
254
Temperature:
°C
15.8
Pulled one full bailer approximately 1 liter in volume
Time Elapsed
Water Level
0.00
9.43
Static
0.25
10.39
0.50
9.95
0.75
9.75
1.00
9.68
1.25
9.61
1.50
9.58
1.75
9.57
2.00
9.55
2.25
9.54
2.50
9.52
2.75
9.52
3.00
9.51
3.50
9.51
4.00
9.49
4.50
9.48
5.00
9.48
5.50
9.47
6.00
9.47
6.50
9.47
7.00
9.46
7.50
9.46
8.00
9.46
Measured from TOC
Measured from TOC

Northland Cranberries
Calculation Sheet
March 2001
Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Calculated Hydraulic Conductivity 4.02E-04 ft / min
to convert ft / min to ft / day multiply by 1440 0.6 ft / day
to convert ft / day to gal / min / ft2 multiply by 7.479 4.3 gal / min / ft2
MW-3
Calculated Hydraulic Conductivity 1.05E-03 ft / min
to convert ft / min to ft / day multiply by 1440 1.5 ft / day
to convert ft / day to gal / min / ft2 multiply by 7.479 11.3 gal / min / ft2
MW-4
Calculated Hydraulic Conductivity 3.94E-03 ft / min
to convert ft / min to ft / day multiply by 1440 5.7 ft / day
to convert ft / day to gal / min / ft2 multiply by 7.479 42.4 gal / min / ft2
Transmissivity Calculation (T)
T = hydraulic conductivity (K) times aquifer thickness (b)
assume thickness of 20 to 40 feet
low 87 gal / day
high 1697 gal / day

ATTACHMENT 3
WATER QUALITY SUMMARY TABLES
EXISTING MONITORING WELLS

i
Monitoring Well Test Results
Monitor Well # 2 P85 N16
MonthNr Month Fecal (MPN)
Total Coliform
Nov-91 November
0
Mar-92 March
2
Jul-92 July
17
Nov-92 November
60
Mar-93 March
2
Jul-93 July
8
23.
Nov-93 November
20
Mar-94. March
2
Jul-94 July
14
Nov-94 November
50
50
Mar-95 March
2
4ul-95 July
4
Nov-95 November
12
Mar-96 March
1.1
Jul-96 July.
1.1
Nov-96 November
1.1
Mar-97 March
1.1
Jul-97 July
2.2
Nov-97 November
1.1
Mar-98 March
1.1
Jul-98 July
1.1
N6v-98 November
1.1
Mar-99 March
1.1
Jul-99 July
16.1
Nov-99 November
1.1
Mar-00 March
1.1
Jul-00 July
>23
Nov-00 November
<1.1
DS TOC Chloride Total Ammonia Nitrate (NO3) TSS
4
50.3
1
2.83
214
98
3
16.1
1
4.47
133
90
4.
171.2
1
5.02
101
3.
12.8
1
6.13
60
54
2
13.9
1
5.35
96
90
-15
12:6
1
.5.5
70
.28
5
14.5
1
6.2
10
98
4
14.1
1
6.11
36
94
5
14.1
1
5.34
68
82
5
14.2
1
4.21
111
94
3
14.3
1
5.27
21
116
4
14.5
1
4.96
64
99
0.7
14.3
1
4.18
81
75
4
12.9
1
4.61
80
1.3
13
1
5
91
2.1
13
1
3.5
76
1
13
1
5.1
78
1.8.
14 .:
1
3.8
86
0.94
13
1
4.6
-70
1.5
15
1
4.5
110
1.2
15
1.
5.6
95
1.5
15
1
5.63.
0
0
17
1
2.34
91
2.9
17
1
4.73
94
12
16
1
5.1
78
0
18
1
5.4
96
10
21 nd
4.8
95
4
20 nd
4.8

Monitoring Well Test Results
Monitoring Well Test Results
Monitor Well # 3 P85 N17
Month/Yr Total Coliform Fecal (MPN)
TDS '
TOC
Chloride Total Ammonia
Nitrate (NO3)
TSS
Nov-91 27
78
2
17.6
1
1.28
17
Mar-92. 2
80
1
13.2
1
1.47
234
Jul-92 6
72
1
33
1
1.37
274
Nov-92 2
1
7.98
1
1.46
21
Mar-93 2
40
1
11.4
1
1.32
187
Jul-93 23 23
85
1
9.96
1
1.18
342
Nov-93 2
77
2
10.5
1
1.08
102
Mar-94 2
84
1
9.71
1
1.21
181
Jul-94 14
74
1
9.22
1
1:29
132
Nov-94 2
49
9.44
1
1.26
135
Mar-95 2
84
1
10.2
1
1.15
112
Jul-95 30
101
1
9.5
1
1.19
172
Nov795 11
118
0.1
9.5
1
1.24
289
Mar-96 1.1
73
3.4
8.44
1
1.12
- .
Jul-96 1.1
54
1.7
9.9
1
2.1 "
Nov-96 1.1
86
0.74
1.7
1
2.4
Mar-97 1.1
82
0.64
9
1
0.86.
Jul-97 1.1
74
1.4
8.7
1
1.7
Nov-97 1.1
84
0.99
9
1
1.8
Mar-98 1.1
66
0.83
8
1
1.7
Jul-98 1.1
89
0.94
7.8
1
2.3
Nov-98 1.1
92
2.4
10
1
1.63
Mar-99 1.1
52
0
10
1
1.92
Jul-99 1.1
82
5
9:6
1
1.88
Nov-99 1.1
78
2.5
8.7
1
2
Mar-00 1.1
10
0
10
1
2.4
Jul-00 1.1
67.
-2
10 nd
1.8
Nov-00 <1.1
73
nd
11 nd
1.8

Monitoring Well Test Results
Monitor Well # 4- P85 N18
Total Coliform Fecal (MPN)
TDS
TOC
Nov-91 0
158
7
Mar-92 2
156
9
Jul-92 2
144
8.26
Nov-92 4
12
Mar-93
98
6.76
Jul-93 2
124
5.36
Nov-93 1
102
5.49
Mar-94 2
126
6.14
Jul-94 8
128
8.04
Nov-94 2
118
9.03
Mar-95 2
106
6.06
Jul-95 8
162
7.25
Nov-95 13
166
7.9
Mar-96 1.1
103
8.6
Jul-96 1.1
100
5.4
Nov-96 1.1
140
8.2
Mar-97 1.1
110
7.2
Jul-97 1.1
120
6.2
Nov-97 1.1
130
5.5
Mar-98 1.1
100
5.1
Jul-98 1.1
130
4.8
Nov-98 1.1
160
5.2
Mar-99 1.1
0
2.98
Jul-99 1.1
170
4.8
Nov-99 1.1
180
18
Mar-00 1.1
120
5.9
Jul-00 >23
170
9
Nov-00 <1.1
200
5
Chloride Total Ammonia
Nitrate (NO3)
TSS
111 1
0.1
1920
121 1
0.184
2270
91 1
0.1
880
8 1
0.109
2340
6 1
0.1
691
7.28 1
0.11
275
8 1
0.11
376
5.83 1
0.32
865
8.68 1
0.13
461
9.44 1
0.46
291
6.13 1
1.05
511
8 1
0.22
1370
15 1
0.16
733
3.97 1
0.32
11 1
0
11 1
0
6.7 1
0.82
17 1
0.14
17 1
0.13
14 1
0.5
23 1
0
28 1
0.278
22 1
0.81
36 1
0
38 1
0
38 1
0
39 nd
nd
48 nd
0.1

ATTACHMENT C4
Agronomist Report

Agri -Waste Technology, Inc.
5400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Agronomist Report
For
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
I �
I
JI
C 9
i tI UG
i R D. ti
EVIF PROFESSIONAL
�\ AGRONOMIST/CERi1FIED,
\ ` \ jROP ADVISER
jai
Submitted by
Jeff Vaughan, CCA/CPAg #18251
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc. (AWT)
The following cropping plan is for Northland Cranberries, Inc. located in Henderson County,
North Carolina. The plan includes the crops to be grown, yield potential, fertility
- recommendations, and management considerations. An aerial map detailing the fields and soil
types can be found in Attachment A.
The crops that Northland Cranberries prefers to use are tall, fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) and
reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). These crops will be cut for hay and the hay
removed from the fields. The soil types located at this site are Bradson gravelly loam and
- Hayesville loam on the upland areas and Codorus loam and Comus fine sandy loam on the
lowland areas.
Tall Fescue Crop Information
An established tall fescue pasture can yield approximately 3-6 tons/ac/year. Specific yield
estimates for tall fescue can be found in Table 4 of the Soil Survey of Henderson County, North
Carolina (Attachment B), and in the Realistic Yield Expectations (R.Y.E.) portion of the
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual —Reference Section (Attachment Q. The table
-- below details the specific yield estimates for the soil types found at Northland Cranberries.
31WOc
"Concepts in Agricultural Byproduct Utilization"

Tall Fescue Yield Estimates for the Soil TVDes Found at Northland Cranberries
Landscape Position
Soil Type/Series
Yield Estimate
-------- tons/ac/yr--------
Soil Survey(l)
R.Y.E. Table
Upland
Bradson gravelly loam (BaB)(')
4.2
3.5
Bradson gravelly loam (BaC)
3.6
3.5
Ha esville loam C
4.2
3.3
Lowland
Codorus loam Co
5.4
4.2
Comus fine sandy loam Cu
4.8
5.3-
(1) "fable 4 ofthe Soil Survey of Henderson County, North Carolina, Grass -clover (Hay)
column.
(2) Realistic Yield Expectations (R.Y.E.) portion of the NCSU/NCCES Nutrient
Management Manual —Reference Section, Fescue Hay column.
(3) Map Symbol in Parentheses.
It is evident from the table above that tall fescue yield potential is greater in the lowland areas
than the upland areas. Based on the numbers presented above, a conservative yield of 3.75
tons/ac/yr and 5 tons/ac/yr should be expected on the upland and lowland areas, respectively. Of
course, as with all crops, actual yield depends upon climatic conditions (heat, precipitation),
fertility, pest management, soil pH, etc., that may affect crop productivity.
Established tall fescue requires approximately 40-501bs N/ton according to the Conservation
Practice Standard, Nitrogen Management Code 590-A document from the Natural Resources
Conservation Service (Attachment D). Therefore, approximately 150-190 lbs N/ac/yr are
required on the upland areas and approximately 200-250 lbs N/ac/yr are required on the lowland
{ areas. Other nutrients, including phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients, plus lime should be
applied according to soil test recommendations. However, actual nutrient requirements may be
significantly higher or lower depending on the conditions mentioned above and may need to be
modified as actual field experience is gained regarding the nutrient needs of tall fescue grown at
Northland Cranberries.
Nitrogen applications to tall fescue should primarily occur during the months of February,
March, August, and September according to Production and Utilization of Pastures and Forages
in North Carolina document developed by NCSU and NCARS (pages 33 and 34 in Attachment
E). Other nutrient applications and lime application should occur either in the fall or spring of
the year near or coinciding with nitrogen application.
Tall fescue can be cut for hay approximately 3-4 times per year. Cuttings should occur when tall
fescue is in full vegetative stage immediately prior to seed heading. Estimating yield and
nutrient uptake can be an important tool for determining nutrient removal from fields and
assessing optimum yield goals and nutrient application recommendations. Additionally, hay
analysis will indicate the nutritive value and any potential toxicity problems for animal
consumption. Yield can be estimated by recording the number of bales removed from each field
at each cutting and the average/estimated weight of each bale. Hay samples can be obtained for
plant analysis by sub -sampling hay from several bales in the field and compositing the samples.
2

Hay samples obtained for analysis should be stored and shipped in a paper bag or box, not in a
L plastic bag. Hay samples should be analyzed for moisture, crude protein, acid detergent fiber,
total digestable nutrients, net energy, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur,
sodium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc.
The fields at Northland Cranberries are currently established tall fescue pasture stands, so
µ seeding tall fescue will not likely be necessary. However, should seeding be necessary at some
point, Table 1 Forage Planting Guide for North Carolina found in Production and Utilization of
Pastures and Forages in North Carolina document developed by NCSU and NCARS (Attachment
F) details planting recommendations. The seeding rate should be 15-20 lbs/ac for broadcast
seeding and 10-15 lbs/ac for drill seeding. The planting depth should be between 0.25 and 0.5
inches. The planting dates should be between early March to mid -May or between mid -July to
mid -August.
Reed Canarygrass Cron Information
Reed canarygrass is not widely grown in North Carolina and, thus, little information is available
from North Carolina regarding its production- and management. Indeed, Dr. Jim Green,
Professor and Extension Specialist of Pastures and Forage Crops at NCSU, indicated in.a recent
email that there is no extension information available regarding reed canarygrass in North
Carolina (Attachment G). Dr. Green indicated that production and management for reed
canarygrass should be similar to tall fescue and that production is better on the wet bottomland
soils along streams in the mountains of North Carolina. The Codorus loam and Comus fine
sandy loam soil types found in the lowlands adjacent to Mud Creek at Northland Cranberries
would likely be better suited to reed canarygrass than tall fescue due to reed's tolerance to wet
soil conditions. General information on reed canarygrass developed by Penn State University
and Purdue University can be found in Attachment H.
The yield potentials, nutrient/lime requirements and application recommendations, harvest
management, and hay sampling for yield estimate and plant. analysis for tall fescue presented
above should be similar to those for reed canarygrass. However, a few specific
recommendations regarding reed canarygrass should be made. A variety with a low alkaloid
content and high palatability such as Venture or Palaton should be grown. Planting
recommendations for reed canarygrass in North Carolina can be found in Table 1 Forage
Planting Guide for North Carolina found in Production and Utilization of Pastures and Forages in
North Carolina document developed by NCSU and NCARS (Attachment F). The seeding rate
should be 5-10 lbs/ac for broadcast seeding and 4781bs/ac for drill seeding. The planting depth
should be between 0.25 and 0.5 inches. The planting dates should be between early March to
mid -May or between mid -July to mid -August.
3

ATTACHMENT A: Northland Cranberries Aerial Map

ATTACHMENT B: Table 4 from the Soil Survey of
Henderson County, North Carolina

HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLING
b6
TABLE 4.--YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE
[All yields were estimated for a high level of management in 1975. Absence of a yield figure indicates the
crop is seldom grown or is not suited]
Soil name and I Corn } Corn
map symbol I I silage
Arents, loamy:
Ae--------------- '
Ashe: }
AhE----------------------}
I
AhF, AhG-----------------}
2ArG---------------------1
Bradson: f
BaB----------------------1
BaC----------------------I
Brevard:
BrC----------------------}
BrF----------------------i
Chandler:
CaG----------------------}
i
Clifton:
CfE----------------------}
,
Codorus:
Cc-----------------------�
Comus: �
Cu-----------------------i
i
_- Delanco:
DeA------------------- '
DeB-------------- '
i
--- Edneyville: }
EdC----------------------}
}
EdE----------------------
Elsinboro: 1
EnB-------------- '
`-Evard: i
i
i
EwG------------- -----}
,Fannin:
FaC----------------------}
FaE, FaF-----------------i
�`iatboro: 1
Ha-----------------------}
See footnotes at.end of table.
I
}
}
}
I
i
85 '
I
75 1
}
85 1
70 '
}
90
100
110
100
80
70
90
17
15
17
14 I
I
I
I
}
i
}
26
i
i
i
20 '
i
22 '
20 1
}
}
16 '
14 ?
I
i
23
15 it
i
I
17 }
I
I
23 I
I
Cabbage it Snap beans I Grass -clover
j! i (Hay)
I
300
500
I
I
1
275
450
}
;
250
550
II
250
}I
375
}
1
�i
I
375
1
225
1
}
11
}
I'
}
450
}'
225
1
�i
li
}
500
is
250
}
500
'
�
250
450
}
300
1
400
I i
225
1
350
550
; ',
300
'
375
I
}
225
i
i
1
I
I
i
I
}
I
I
450
}
250
1
}
450
}
180
}
i
}
i
}
i
}
}
4.2
3.6 }
}
i
3.6 ;
3.3 I
}
}
}
5.4 1
}
4.8 '
}
i
4.8 }
i
4.5 }
i
i
3.6 }
I
3.3 }
}
3.9 ;
}
}
3.6 1
I
i
i
}
3.6 1
}
4.8 1
I
Pasture
4.o
7.0
6.o
6.o
5.5
4.o
9.0
8.0
8.0
7.5
6.0
5.5
4.o
6.5
6.0
4.5
6.o
4.0
8.0

56 SOIL SURVEY
TABLE 4.--YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE --Continued
Soil name and } Corn I Corn I Cabbage I Snap beans I Grass -clover{ Pasture
map symbol I I silage I 1 } (Hay) }
{ Bu I Ton Crate I Bu { Ton ; AUM
Hayesville:
HyB---------------------- }
100
I
20
1
500
1
275
I
4.5
1
7.5
I
HYC----------------------I
80
I
}
16
I
1
450
I
I
250
I
I
4.2
I
I
I
7.0
I
HyE----------------------I
I
---
f
I
I
---
I
I
I
375
I
I
t
---
I
{
I
3.3
f
I
5.5
Kinkora: I
I
I
I
I
f
Ko-----------------------I
I
80
I
I
16
I
I
375
I
I
180
I
I
3.6
;
I
6.o
Porters:
PoE----------------------I
---
I
---
I
---
I
---
I
3.3
I
5.5
PoF----------------------I
---
I
---
I
---
I
---
I
---
I
4.0
PoG----------------------f
---
f
---
I
---
I
---
f
---
f
---
I
I
I
f
f
f
- Rosman: I
I
I
I
I
f
Ro-----------------------f
I
110
1
I
22
}
I
550
f
I
300
f
I
5.0
}
f
8.5
�- Spivey: f
I
I
I
I
I
SpF--------- -------------f
---
I
---
I
---
I
---
i
---
}
---
Suncook: I
f
I
}
I
I
Su -----------------------I
70
I
14
}
375
{
200
I
3.0
{
5.0
Talladega: I
f
I
f
}
f
TaF----------------------f
---
}
---
f
---
}
---
f
---
f
---
Tate: I
f
f
}
f
f
` TeB---------------- =-----}
105
{
21
}
550
f
275
}
4.5
f
7.5 ,l
TeC----------------------}
85
}
17
f
500
f
250
i'
4.2
f
7.0�
Toxaway: }
{
}
}
}
}
` To-----------------------1
110
}
22
}
500
;
200
}
5.0
=
8.5
Tusquitee:
f
}
f
f
f
TsC, TuC-----------------}
90
}
18
}
550
;
275
}
3.6
1
6.0
TsE, TuE-----------------f
---
}
---
f
450
}
200
I
---
f
5.0
TuF----------------------f
---
}
---
f
---
1Animal-unit-month: The
amount of
forage
or feed
required
to feed one
animal
unit
(one cow,
one horse, one
mule five sheep, or five goats) for a
period
of 30
days.
This mapping unit is made
up of two
or more
dominant
kinds
of
soil.
See mapping
unit description
for the
composition, and behavior of
the whole
mapping
unit.
,

ATTACHMENT C: Realistic Yield Expectations (R.Y.E.)
Portion of the NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual —
Reference Section

Realistic Yield Expectations (R.Y.E.)
The following table is based on specially designed NRCS Soil Interpretation Records for North
Carolina. These statements should be used to guide you in determining R.Y. E. for a particular
site.
1. Yields shown are to be used on soils with slopes of 078 percent.
2. YieIds are to be.reduced.8 percent on slopes of 9 to 15 percent and reduced 13 percent on slopes
of greater that 16 percent.
3. On eroded phases of soils, yield are to be reduced 15 percent on slopes of 0 to 8 percent, 20
percent on slopes of 9 to 15 percent, and 25 percent on slopes equal to or greater than 16 percent.
4. For yield of soil of the Lloyd series, see the Hiwassee series.
5. The column labeled "graze" for both improved berrhudagrass and tall.fescue is for controlled
grazing situations. The yields would be further reduced in normal pasture situations. Nitrogen
should be reduced 50% from that developed by using the yield figures in the "Hay" column for
pastures. [NOTE : The 50% reduction ivi11 take effect June], 1996. A further effect of this
recommendation is that the columns for grazing should not be used at all. The hay columns
should be used, and the Nrate reduced accordingly. For mixed hay and pasture systems, the
full RYE N rate per ton of hay removed may be applied.]
v en aii'asterisk (*) occurs in .the.
ir3isoil: combination�s�Often this p
t
wiss:nvL commonry grown on these soils historically: =CRYou will have to'look fof Hiffilar=soils orb
.,�t� 5*!lues.on thelow:end'of thFRYE:range•if•prodi7cction iecords are"iibt-a`vailab16.1
7. Soils which include a "drained" modifier must be graded and drained so no ponding occurs.
Both subsurface,and surface drainage may be required. Land -not adequately drained is not
suitable for growing improved berniudagrass.
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manua( —Reference Section
63

•�--�������� 1—muni management Manual —Reference Section
64

rv�.aul►vl.l.tJ Nutrient Management Manual —Reference Section
65

x r! -I r r.
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual — Reference Section
66

w��urrv��ts Nutrient Management Manual — Reference Section
67

Re1111St1C Viela r.Ynnr•ilafinne }�<. C�..:1 .. . ] !�_
SOIL SERIES
Corn-
Grain
Corn
Silag
e
Sor-
glrum
Collor
Wheat
Oats
.
Barley
-------
Tob.
FC
.,-,,
Tob.
Bur.
...,..........
.....,l,
Soy-
bean
35
•
Demr
P
•
Berm
Hay
Fes
Pas
Fes
Hay
4.5
3.3
Pasture
4.5
3.5
3.3
Alfalfa
•
Over
Rye
.
Swnmcr
Ann
4
HARTSELLS
11ATDORO
FIAYESVILLE '
85
115
100
23
•
•
•
900
•
•
'
•
GO
75
•
7U
•
.
•
•
•
•
•
0
2400
IELENA GRAVELLY
IiELENA GRAVELLY GR-CL;
GR-SCL
8
80
'
'
•
•
S0
45
•
575
� 550
•
•
'
.
65
60
.
•
•
•
2800
1800
•
2000
1800
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
35-
•
•
•
•
3.4
3.4
3.4
•
•
•
4
•
4
4
•
•
'
.
3
3.8
3.8
•
•
•
,
3.5
3.6
4.5
4.5
3.6
3.4
2.6
3.6
3
•
5.4
4.8
•
.
•
,
,
,
IIGI.ENA SANDY SURFACE
HEMP DILL DRAINED
85
100
•
20
50
•
575
•
•
•
65
•
•
•
2000
2000
HERNDON
lIIiRNDONSY TON
HIWASSEE
HIWASSEE COBBLY
F115VASSGG GRAVELLY
JIOBCAW RARE
I IORNSBORORA DINED
iIORNSDORO UNDRAINED
95
70
110
85
100
110
120
•
•
17
•
•
•
SS
60
•
60
•
'
•
700
550
.
•
'
•
.
•
•
45
•
•
•
,
80
60
90
85
90
70
70
•
•
•
•.
•
•
•
•
2200
•
•
•
•
'
2200
•
•
•
•
•
•
40
45
•
3.4
4
3.8
4.5
5.1
3.8
•'
•
4.5
•'
3
3.5
6
5.4
4.8
4.2
'
!-A DR
ICARIA'DRAINERAINEU
IOTLAIREDE
I50
120
125
•
30
•
•
•
•
•
•
SS
50
•
'
•
75
'
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
50
35
•
3.4
3.8
4
3
3.5
4.5
3
3.5
IREDELL
IREDELL OR-L; ST•L
70
•
•
•
750
•
•
•
55
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2.4
•
•
•
4.8
4.8
'
2.8
2.5
3
4
IREDE•LLDEEP
IREDELL DEEP; GR-L; ST-L
70
•
•
•
•
•
750
•
•
•
55
•
•
•
•
,
'
•
•
•
2.4
•
•
2.8
2.5
3
4
'
JOHNS
JO NSTON UNDRAINED;
FREQ
120
'
'
•
•
650
•
50'
•
•
•
2700
•
27 00
•
45
•
3.7
•
4.3
•
•
'
4.2
5
'
2.5
3
,
JOHNSTON DRAINED; OCCAS
JUNALUSKA
KALMIA
KAI-MIA WET SUBSTRATUM
KE NER
80
75
I10
110
105
'
•
•
'
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
750
550
•
•
•
60
60
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2900
2900
•
•
•
2900
2900
2600
40
•
45
45
•
•
5,4
5.4
•
•
6.3
6.3
•
.
,
•
3.4
3.4
3.0
3.0
•
4
4
KENANSVILLE LS; LFS
KENANSVLLLE FS; S
KENANSVILLL FLOODED; LS;
LFS
85
70
85
•
•
•
•
•
•
550
•
550
•
•
'
•
'
•
•
•
•
2400
-2000
2400
2400
2000
2400
•
• •
•
4.7
•
4.7
•
5.5
•
5.5
•
3.5
3.5
•
•
•
,
,
.
,
,
•
•
,
•
•
.
,
KL•NANSVILLE FLOODED; FS;
S
70
•
•
•
•
•
•
2000
2000
•
•
•
•
•
.
KENANSVILLE WET
SUBSTRATUM
100
•
'
700
•
•
'
2G00
2600
33
4.7
5.5
•
•
,
.
KINKORA
KINSTON DRAINED100
KIRKSEY
KLEJ DRAINED
KURL'B
LAKELAND
LEAF
105
95
110
,
55
'
21
'
351
22
'
'
•
•
45
•
•
•
'
'
'
'
'
•
•
'
'
30
45
•
•
•
'
'
•
60
•
•
20 •
•
•
•
'
•
•
'
•
'
•
•
•
•
1700 1
•
•
•
•
•
•
1700
•
• •
40
•
30
•
20
35
•
3.7
•
4.9
3.4
3.8
7.4
•
4.3
3.9
5.8
4
4.5
4
•
3.8
•
•
•
•
2.5 L3
3.3
3.3
4.5
3.6
•
•
•
•
2
•
.
,
,
,
r
.
.
,
'
•
.
,
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual -Reference Section
68

S IL SERIES
Com-
Grain
Corn
Silag
e
Sor-
ghum
Realistic
Colton
Wheal
Yield
IS
Expectations
barley
Tob.
FC
by
Soil and
Crop
Tob,
Bur.
Soy-
bean
30
Denn
P
germ
flay
•
Fes
Pas
'
Fes
!1a y
'
Pasture
3.5
Alfalfa
Over
Rye
Summer
Ann
LEAKSVILLE
GS
+
40
•
•
LFNIOR NONE; RARE
LEN1OR OCCAS
1 00
•
•
•
•
•
525
•
45
35
.
•
•
2200
•
2200
•
•
40
35
•
45
35
4.5
•
3.4
3.4
•
2.5
5.3
4
4
•
3
3.8
2.9
3.8
.
2.S .
4.5
3.5
4.5
.
3
•
•
,
2
•
,
,
.
,
,
LEON
50
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LIDDEL UNDRAMED
•
•
•
.
•
,
•
•
+
LIDDEL DRAINED
120
•
•
5. 0
•
[G
LNUM
90
18
•
40
-40
•
,
LILLINGTON
LOC1CffART
LONON
80
40
95
•
19
•
'
650
400
• .
'
•
70
50
•
•
2100
•
2100
•
•
30
•
,
3.7
•
•
4.3
2.7
•
2,5
•
3
3.8
3.5
5
3.8
3.5
LONON GRAVELLY
90
18
•
•
.
+
•
•
•
LOUISA
LOUISDURG
LOUISBURG GRAVELLY
LOUISBURG STONY
LOUISBURG VERY STONY
40
55
20
'
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.
'
'
•
•
70
50
'
•
•
•
'
•
•
•
•
'
•
•
,
•
•
•
•
20
•
•
•
3
,
'
30
20
•
•
3
3.5
2.5
3
•
.
,
3
3.5
2.5
3
2.5
•
3
•
3
+
3.5
1.8
•
•
•
,
LUCY
LUMDEE DRAMED
LYNCHBURG
MADITYNN I(
ADISON
MARLBORO
MARLDORO WET
SUBSTRATUM
80
I 1p
IIS
70 90
100
100
'
+,
•
'
'
+
•
•
•
•
•
55
•
•l000500
650
•
675
•
700
1000
•
•
, Z !y
•
•
•
•
70
75
•
85Ef
+2500
•
•
•
•
•
•
2800
•
2100
•
•
2800
•
2100
2$00
33
45
45
•
•
40
40
4.7
3.8
4.7
3.4
3
5.16
5.5
5.5
4.5
3.8
4.5
•
5 .$
3.8
q.S
4
2.4
2.8
3.5
2.5
3
4.5
3.2
3.8
5.l
63.2
3.8
MARVYN
MASADA
MASADA GILAVFLLY
MASADA L•RODC•D-,
GRAVELLY; GR-SCL
75
120
115
90
•
24
22
2p
+
•
•
•
800•
•
•
,
SO
45
40
•
75
70
60
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
50
•
•
5.l
5,1
5.1
•
6'
32
6
3.2
3.8
l.8
4•5
6
3.2
3.7
3.8
'
4
2.7
•
2.7
29
'
3.8
MASADA STONY
MASCOTfE
MASONTOIVN UNDRAINGD;
FREQ
50
'
•
•
•
•
+
•
'
•
,
•
+
•
•
+
,
'
+
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
'
20
•
].4
4
3.8
4.5
4.5
3.4
•
4
•
•
3.4
2 5
4
3
•
,
.
,
,
MASONTOWN DRAINED;
FREQ
90
'
•
•
•
•
•
+
•
30
•
MAYODAN
MAYODAN STONY
95
•
'
•
S5
•
650
,
•
.
85
,
•
,
2100
2100
•
•
3.8
•
4.5
4
3.4
'
4
4.5
3.5
•
,
,
MCCOLL DRAINED
MECKLENBURG
MEGGETTNONE;RARF,
MEGGETT DRAINED
11 EMIEIMER
MOCKSVILLE
90
90
75
100
60
85
•
,
•
•
•
'
•
55
•
•
40
•
'
S50
'
•
•
•
•
+
•
•
30
50
65
70
'
•
•
•
+
•
+
,
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
35
40
q0
50
20
3.4
3.4
•
•
4
2.5
3
'
•
,
,
4
3.8
4.5
3.6
•
2.S
3
•
.
,
,
•
3
3
5.1
.
MONACAN llRAINED
120
•
•
+
60
80
•
•
•
35
•
,
'
'
MONACAN UNDRAINED
80
•
+
•
50
50
•
•
•
,
.
4
5
MONACAN OCCAS
80
•
•
50
SO
•
•
•
,
•
3.5
•
4,
MONACAN FREQ
80
'
•
50
50
•
•
•
, _
•
,
,
•
3.5 -
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual - Reference Section
69

R -A zf;r V;nlil ri .a a: ___ t___ n _ •1
SOIL SERIES
MONTONIA
MOOSIIAUNL'E
MUCKALEE
MUNDEN SL, FSL; L
MUNDEN LS US .
MURVILLE
MYATT NONE; RARE;
DRAINED
MYATT NONE; RARE; OCCAS.
NAHUNTA
NAKB4A DRAII4ED
NANKIN UNDRAINED
NANTAIIALA
85
.
130
105
,
I I5
140
lqp
gp
120
Corn
Silag
eMn
.
,
•
•
,
23
•
•
,
•
25
Sor-
ghum
•
•
•
, ,
• -
•
•
.
•
, ,
•
•
Cation
•
,
•
•
•
'
•
I
•
675
•
•
Wlwal
•
40
•
50
4S
•
,
°
40
,
•
--
Oals
•
•
•
•
70
•
•
• ...
•
•
-"t'-
barley
• �
°
•
»�-�••�
'rob.
FC
•
2300
•
u•)
Tob.
Bur,
•
2300
uwa
Soy-
bean
•
30
'
nsiu t,•
Berm
P
'
•
Ul)
Dorm
Hay
°
•
Fes
Pas
'
'
Fes
Hay
3.9
3.2
Pasture
4
4.3
Alfalfa
'
Ovcr
Rye
•
,
Summer
4.5
,
,
•
'
•
•
•
°
•
•
•
!
•
•
'
'
2800
• ..
2300
•
•
•
•
'
'
•
'
°
2800
.
2300
2300
•
•
•
'
°
40
30
35
•
45
Sp
35
30
30
25
30
40
35
50
3.8
5.1
•
3.4
3.8
•
4.7
4.2
5.4
3
3
•
,
3.8.
•
5.4
4.5
6
•
4
4.5
•
5.5
4.8
6.3
3.5
3.5
•
,
4.5
•
6.3
3.4
3.4
•
2.4
3.8
3.8
3
3.4
3.4
3.4
•
3.4
•
3.4
4
4
•
2.8
4.5
4.5
3.5
-4--
4.0
q
q
.
4.2
42
4
•
•
•
•
4.0
3
4.8
4
3.8
5.6
•
,
.
.
'
•
,
•
,
,
.
,
•
.
,
NASON
NASON GRAVELLY
NA SON GRAVELLY; GR-SICL
NEWFLAT
90
90
70
85
l g
18
I4
•
•
'
•
•
•
•
°
•
45
45
30
45
70
70
60
•
5
,
NIMMO L; FSL; SL; DRAINED
NIMMO LS; LFS; DRAINED
NIXONTON
130
11 0
140
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
50
4S
55
•
,
°
'
•
NOBOCO
NORFOLK
NORTHCOVE
115
lip
•
•
'
,
.
700
700
60
•
•
3000
3000
3000
3000
45
•
35
30
5.4
•
•
•
6.3
•
•
•
3.4
•
1.3
•
•
q
•
1.3
6
4.8
,
•
.
•
,
•
,
,
,
OAKDORO OCCAS
OAKBORO FREQ
100
80
.
,
90 .
SU
,
•
45
70
60
•
•
•
•
OCll LA
LUS'nsG
75
75
•
'
•
•
•
•
2600 .
2600
35
30
4.7
3.4
5.1
4
•
3.4
4
,
-
ONSLOW
ORANGE
01tANGG GRAVELLY
ORANGE STONY
115
80
80
•
•
16
16
.
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
45
45
•
50
50
•
°
•
•
2500
•
•
2500
•
'
40
25
25
•
5.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
6.5
3
3
2.8
3.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
4.3
2 8
2.8
3
3.1
3.1
3
,
,
ORANGEBURG
OItANGEBURG (OVERWASII
DRAINED
120
120
70
•
•
•
•
•
900
000OS1LR
•
•
•
2400
2400
.2400
45
5,4
6.3
3.4T
2400
45
•3.4
20
°
•
54
3.8
3
3
63
4
4.5
3.5
35
3.4
•
25L
2 5
3.4jPAMLIC0
•
70
•
•
,
•••Y
50
LET
LET GRAVELLY; GR-SL;
80
80
•
•
'
•
700
700
•
•
•
•
•
•002200
2200
2200.
ET GRAVELLY; GR-
70
•
•
. 500
•
•
•
1900
1900R-CL
CO
CO UNDRAINED
GS
•
'
•
•
• .
•
•
•
.
•
•
1800
1800
25
•
4.7
•
•
5.4
'
'
2.5
2.5
3
3
•
•
.
•
,
,
,
CO DRAINED
CO LOAMY
I IS
•
•
•
•
•
•40RATUM
Sp
°
,
•
•
NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual -Reference Section
70 ?"

SUILSERIES
PANTEGO DRAINED
PASQUOTANK DRAINED
1'AXVIl LE DRAINED
PEAI4ICK FSL; I.; SIL
PEAWICK CL; SICL
PERQUIMANS DRAINED
1'ETfIGREW DRAINED
PICTURE
' PIDGL•ONROOST
P1NKS7'ON
PINKSTON GRAVELLY
PINKSTON VERY STONY
PLUMMER UNDRAINED
Corn-
Grain
135
15p
110
90
70
335
150
70
80
80
.
•
Corn
Silag
e
•
r
•
•
•
•
•
•
16
16
,
•
Sor-
ghum
•
•
e
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
Cotton
•
,
•
•
•
•
,
•
•
•
,
141rcat
50
60
30 .
22 .
55
55
35
35
•
- -
Oats
70 '
••
•
•
•
•
80
80
•
--'i'-
Barley
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
'•'•"'••"
Tob.
FC •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
'
'
-j
Tob.
Bur.
'
'
,
,
'
•
,
•
'
'
"Uu 9111U
Soy -
b
bean
50
55
40
28
22
45
45
,
•
•
'
t
IIertn
P
4,1
3.4
3.6
'
3.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
3
3.4
3.4
1 Ulf
Benn
Hay
y
4.8
4
4
'
4.3
3
2.8
3
3
3.5
4
4
Fes
Pas
3
4.5
3
'
].8
2,5
3
3
2.5
3.4
3.4
Fes
Hay
3.5
3.8
3.5
5.1
4.3
4.5
3
3.0
3.S
3.5
3
4
Paslure
•
•
3.3
2.8
'
•
3.0
3
1.8
Alfalfa
.
•
O.•er
Rye
Summer
Ann
,
,
,
,
•
,
•
,
.
•
.
•
,
,
,
,
PLUMMER DRAINED
70
.
.
,
,
PLUMMER PONUED
POCALLA
.
.
,
,
•
•
,
75
•
•
600
•
•
,
2000
•
2000
,
'
2700
2500
•
•
,
2300
• �
30
30
•
45
•
•
45
•
40
�
4.7
•
3.8
•
•
•
•
3.8
•
'
•
-3
.8
'
•
5.5
4.5
'
•
•
•
4.5
'
'
'
4.5
'
•
•
2.5
•
•
•
3
•
'
'
3.8
'
4
•
3
'
•
4.0
3.8
3.5
1.8
1.3
1.5
4.5
S.3
.
3
•
3
,
8
7.S
1.8
1.1
1.5
10
•
5.3
,
,
.
,
.
,
•
•
,
2
POINDEXTER
60
12
•
•
50
55
•
LAWANA DRAINED
75
•
,
•
POLKTON
70
•
; ,
•
•
,
PONZER DRAINED
550
•
65
•
55
60
,
,
,
PORTERS
100
•
,
,
•
,
;
•
•
•
2300
•
PORTERS
85
,
•
•
•
•
PORTSMOUTII DRAINED
130
.
•
•
GO
'
•
POTOMAC FSL; SL; LFS
125
•
•
•
,
POTOMAC COBBLY
.
•
•
•
•
•
POTOMAC GRAVELLY
•
r
•
,
,
,
2.5
RA -UN
RAINS
RE-ED
120
110
•
•
•
•
450
•
•
70
•
•••,
2.5
,
REDDIES FREQ
RIMINI
110
•
•
•
,
.
•
•
,
,
•
•
•
,
•
'
'
3.4
4
•
5.0
•
5.0
•
,
RION
RION GRAVELLY
RIVERVIEW FREQ
85
75
80
'
•
•
'
•
,
700
600
,
40
35
•
•
•
,
2500
2500
35
3.4
4.2
3
4.2
2100
•
•
•
2100
•
.
30
30
40
40
3.4
•
5.l
3.4
4.0
4.8
G
4
3
'
].2
2.5
].9
•
l.8
3.8
4.]
5.4
3
•
RIVERVIEW OCCAS
ROANOKE DRAINED
I30
120
•.
18 �
•
'
.
'
55
45
90
70
•.
•
,
'
ROANOKE UNDRAINED
•
•
,
ROANOKEFREQ
UANOKEI'ONDED I•
.
,
•
•
,
,
•
,
•
•
•
•
�
•
�
�
•
•
•
�
�
45
25
•
4.7
'
•
5.5
•
2.5
•
,
3
•
2
2
,
,
.
MGU
IGO
•
•
•
S5
•
•
•
LS
100
90
•
•
.
•
30
25
•
•
'
•
•
•
'
PRUSTON
75
•
'
675
RAINED
80
15AVELLYI
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2700
r
,
2.5
2.5
4.0
4.0
r��.ovllVl.l,L'J Nutrient management Manual -Reference Section
71

Realictir ViPlrl P_vnnn+. d.: . tl_... Ll-!l __ -1 n
SUIL SERIES
Com-
Grain
Corn
Silag
Sor-
ghum
Collon
Wheal
Oals
---r------^
Darley
--.
Tob.
FC
•
•
•
•
•
2000
•
•
•
•
2500
3000
^-�
Tob.
Dur.
2800
2406
•
'
•
•
2000
2500
•
•
•
2500
3000
wrva. ••aau
Soy-
bean
•
30
25
30
35
30
35
35
40
•
2S
35
40
45
�.avl�
Benn
P
•
•
4.7
a
•
2.4
•
•
•
4.7
'
5.4
Denn
Hay
•
•
5.4
3.3
3.9
2.8
•
•
•
5.5
'
6.3
Fcs
Pas
•
•
•
•
2.5
•
'
•
3.7
'
3.4
Fcs
flay
4.4
3.5
•
•
•
•
3
4.5
5
2.8
3
•
4.3
4.9
4
Pasture
4.4
3.5
3.6
•
,
•
3.6
4.5
,
2.8
3
2 7
•
5.1
5.1
Alfalfa
•
•
e
•
•
•
•
5.1
Over
,
,
,
•
•
•
,
Summer
SAUNOOK
SAURATOWN
SAW SL; GR-SCL
SEABROOK
110
100
75
7S
25
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
•
,
65
•
35
•
•
•
•
•
•
,
,
S[sCREST
SECRES"r
SEDGEFIELD
StILLOCTA
SKYUICA FSL; SL L
100
105
90
110
120
•
•
•
•
20
•
,
•
•
•
•
•
573
•
•
45
•0
45
65
SO
40
65
•
,
•
•
•
•
4.S
SOCO
SPIVEY
70
•
$
•
•
•
•
,
•5
•
•
q•5
SPRAY
45
•
•
•
25
•
,
,
•
,
STALLINGS
100
•
•
550
•
•
•
STARR
STATE NONE; RARL'
STATE OCCAS
STATLER NONE, RARE
1I0
130
! 10
130
•
•
•
• .
•
• .
600
•
• .
•
GO
•
55
TS
•
•
'
'
2700
2700
2400
2300
35
45
45
�0
'
•
'
•
52
•
•
'
•
5.8
•
•
'
'
3
5
3.83.8STATLERFREQ
38
3.5
3.3
3.5SUFFOLK
4.6
3.8
3.5STOCKADE
3.3
•
•
•
,
STATLER OCCAS
125
100
!
•
•
•
•
•
,0
M.E
ECOAH
85
•
'
•
•
• •
'
•
GO
,
STONEYVILLE
LFS, LS
SUFFOLK FSL; SL; L
SUNCOOK
gp
IIS
125
75
•
•
12
•
•
•
• _
,
•
,
40
45
•
- 0
••
•
'
•
•
•
1600
2600
2800
•
1600
2600
2800
•
35
'
•
•
•
5.5
30
•
•
•
,
,
35
•
•
5.4
•
,
6.3
•
2.l
3.4
•
•
4
2
2.4
2
•
,
2.5
TALLAPOOSA
TARDORO
TATE
TATEGRAVELLY
TATUM
45
50
105
Ipp
90
•
•
•
•
18
•
•
•
,
•
350
•
•
.
e
•
•
GS
0
50
50
•
75
70
70
•
•
E.
•
•
•
•
•
2600
2500
20
•
3.8
•
4.5
•
e
•
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
•
•
•
,
,
TATUM GRAVELLY
TAIVCAW OCCAS
TAWCAW FREQ
UNDER
90
90
110
18
•
.
•.
e
•
.
•
•
•
,
•
45
•
•
e0
•
.• , .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
30
30
35
•
•
25
25
3.4
3.4
•
•
•
3.8
3.8
4
4
•
•
4.5
4.5
3
3
•
'
3
3
3.5
3.5
6
•
•
3.9
3.5
3.5
3
3
6
4
8
•
•
•
•
-3
3
-4
4
,
-
9
,
,
TOCCOA NONE; RARE;
OCCAS
90
•
65
000
•
•
•
•
•
TOCCOA FREQ
75
1'OISNOT DRAINED
75
•
•
•
•
•3.9
•
•
•
T1OSNO7 DRAINED (PONDED
TOMAl I
TOMOTLEY DRAINL•D
75
75
13p
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
500
,
•
•
•
►
•
70
•
,
•
•
2400
•
•
2400
25
4.5
5.3
3
4
,
TORHUN'rA DRAINEll
TOXAWAY DRARJED
120
110 .
e
20
•
•
•
•
45
•
70
•
•
,
•
•
•
•
•
40
40
•
•
,
3.8
3.8
,
•
4.5
4.5
•
•
3.8
2.5
,
•
4.5
3
S
3
4.3
5
3
4.3
3
3
4
4
TOXAWAY UNDRAINEU
•
•
• .
•
,
,
•
•
TRANSYLVANIA
125
24
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TREBLOC NONE; RARG
OCCAS
•
•
•
,
30
�� .
•
'
'
25
3.7
4.3
3.8
4.5
•
3
4
,
NC;SU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual- Reference Section
72

NCSU/NCCES Nutrient Management Manual —Reference Section
73

J
SOIL SERIES
Realistic Yield Expectations by Soil and Crop
Com- Com Sor CationWheatO
r.
Oats Barley Tob. Tob. Soy- T
ain
Sileg
ghum
enn
Henn
Fes
Fes
Pasture
Alfalfa
Ovcr
Summer
e
FC
Bur.
been
P
Hay
Pas
Hay
R e
Y
Ann
5
S
'
•
•
•
400
000
35
35
•
•
•
•
1700
1700
25
3
3.S
2.5
3
4.5
3
4
•
1700
1700
25
•
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3
q
5
•
'
700
45
•
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3.5
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q
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,
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•
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•
4.99
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2542
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38
455
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•
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;
NCSU/N'CCES Nutrient Management Manual Reference Section
74

ATTACHMENT D: Conservation Practice Standard,
Nitrogen Management Code 590-A from the Natural
Resources Conservation Service

{
590A-1
NATUR4L RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD
Nitrogen Management
Code 5 90-A (Interim
Standard)
DEFINITION
4.
All nitrogen rates for hay production are for
Managing the amount, form, placement, and
pure grass stands. Reduce all hay crop
timing of applications of nitrogen fertilizer.
nitrogen rates by 25 percent when grazing.
For each ton of hay harvested from A. pasture
PURPOSE
system the nitrogen application may be
returned to the R.Y.E. (N) application rate
To supply nitrogen for optimum forage and crop
for hay.
yields, minimize entry of nitrogen to surface and
groundwater, and to maintain or improve 5.
Loss of nitrogen from the soil is dependent
chemical and biological condition of the soil.
upon its form, climate, soil, and application
program. Normally, with adequate "soil
CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE
moisture, nitrogen loss potential can be
APPLIES
reduced by applying nitrogen fertilizer close
to the time of greatest crop demand.
On lands where nitrogen is applied. This
Nitrogen shall not be applied more than 30
- standard- applies to management of nitrogen
days prior to planting of the crop breaking
j associated with organic. waste commercial
dormancy. Split applications may be needed.
fertilizer, legume crops, and crop residues.
Of the various forms of nitrogen, nitrate is
i
most subject to leaching losses.
CRITERIA
6.
Section I-B of the Technical Guide, leaching
1. Nitrogen source, time, and method of
index maps, demonstrates the comparative
application shall be -planned to conform to
leaching potential of soils of North Carolina.
seasonal variation in plant uptake needs and
These examples provide the guidelines for
soil profile properties to minimize nutrient
assessing nitrate (NO3) leaching risk and
loss by leaching or surface transport.
recommended management programs.
2. Establish a Realistic Yield Expectation
Use Section I-B of the Technical Guide,
(R.Y.E.) for any crop to be fertilized., This is
leaching'index maps, along with soils
accomplished by averaging the best three
J
information for the field, to identify the
yields of the last five consecutive crop
potential hazard for nitrogen loss.
harvests. If this information is not available,
R.Y.E. can be established from the soil
a. Where high leaching hazard exists, and
survey, Farm Services Agency records,
where appropriate for the crop in
university trials, or inference from crop
performance on soil with very similar
question, nitrogen use efficiency and
environmental
'_- physical and chemical. features.
safety can be enhanced by
using fertilizers low in NO3 in
3. Soil pH affects the availability of nutrients.
combination with split applications.
Also, the use of nitrification inhibitors
Use soil tests to adjust soil pH to the level
best suited for the crops being For
with ammonium ) containing
grown.
most crops this is between 6.0-6.5.
fertilizers can reduce the risk of nitrogen
Conuervation practice standards are reviewed periodically and updated if needed.
To obtain the current version orthis standard, contact the Natural Resources Conservation Scrvice.
NRCS,NC
comp. File: sgSeoa.doc/dir:wu disk DECCMBER, 1996

r
590A-2
loss through leaching and denitrification
under some conditions.
11. Choose a Nitrogen application rate within
recommended ranges that considers local
b. On soils of intermediate leaching
water quality needs.
potential, split and side dress nitrogen
applications are highly recommended for
12. All animal waste products shall be analyzed
best efficiency. However, there are not
by the agronomic division of North Carolina
significant concerns for the use of NO3
Departmentof Agriculture (NCDA) or other
sources or the need for nitrification
acceptable laboratories and the
inhibitors on these soils.
recommendations used to develop and
implement a nutrient management program.
c. For soils with a leaching index (LI) of 2
Waste shall be tested within 60 days of
or less, there is little concern for nitrate
utilization and soil shall be tested at least
leaching losses.
annually at crop sites where waste products
are applied. Nitrogen shall be the rate-
7. Soil loss shall not exceed 5 tons per acre per
determining element. Zinc and Copper levels
year where this practice is applied. Trapping
in the soils shall be monitored and alternative
practices such as grassed waterways, filter
crop sites shall be used when these metals
strips, and riparian buffers, shall be in place
approach excess levels. The pH shall be
on the treatment unit where needed for a
adjusted for optimum crop production and
resource management system.
maintained.
8. Application rates for nitrogen shall not
— exceed R.Y.E.
9: All sources and forms of nitrogen including
animal waste being made available for plant
growth and production shall be considered in
developing a nitrogen management plan.
10. Equipment shall be calibrated to apply
recommended rates on the field. Special
precautions must be taken to avoid well
contamination when using fertigation.
13. Important considerations for nitrogen.
application include amount, source,
placement, and timing.. Nitrogen may be
applied as broadcast, starter, surface band or
injected band applications. Any one method
may have its advantages under a given set of
plant nitrogen demands, soil characteristics,
and fertilizer source.
14. Nitrogen for a spring -planted crop shall not
be applied in late fall or winter.
NRCS, NC

590A-3 /
Table 1. Nitrogen (N) Fertilization Rates by Cron Yield
A range is shown for N fertilization rates because N uptake is dependent on the available water holding
capacity (AWHC) of the soil. AWHC is primarily determined by the soil's texture, percent organic
matter and rooting depth. Make your selection from the chart based upon the soil's texture, inherent
ability to produce, the occurrence of necessary conservation practices to protect the resource base, and
the landuser's historical crop production.
Crop
Nitrogen Recommendation
Wheat
Barley
1.7 - 2.4 lbs. N/bu.
Oats
1.4 -1.6 lbs. Mu.
Rye .
1.0 -1.3 lbs. N/bu.
Triticale
1.7.- 2.41bs. N/bu.
Corn -grain
1.4-1.6lbs. N/bu.
Corn -silage
1.0 -1.25 lbs. N/bu.
10 - 12 lbs. Mon
Soybeans)
2.0 - 2.5 lbs. N/cwt.
Cotton
3.5 - 4 lbs. N/bu
0.06 - 0.12 lb. N/lb. lint
Tobacco -Burley - See current year Burley Tobacco Information Guide available from North Carolina,
Cooperative Extension Service.
Tobacco - Flue -cured - See current year Tobacco Information Guide available from the North Carolina
Cooperative Extension Service.
Sorghum -Sudan grass
Sudan grass
45-5 .5 lbs. Mon hay
Pearl Millen
45 - 551bs. Mon hay
45 - 55 lbs. Mon hay
Bermuda grass (all areas of state)
Tall fescue
40 - 50 lbs. Mon hay
Orchard grass
40 - SO lbs. N/ton hay
40 - 50 lbs. Mon hay
Timothy
Small
40 - 50 lbs. Mon hay.
50 - 60 lbs. Mon hay
Pine Trees
Hardwood Trees
40 - 60lbs . ac/yr
70-1001bs. ac/yr
NOTE: Reduce.all hay crop nitrogen rates by 25 percent when grazing. For each ton of hay harvested. from a
Pasture system the nitrogen application may be returned to the RY.E. (N) application rate for hay.
When waste is to be applied to soybeans, it should be applied between the 6-8 leaf stage and when
pods are full to maximize the utilization
of nitrogen in
the. animal waste.
NRCS, NC
n=r =X.(Or_n

590A-1
CONSIDERATIONS
the need for additional fertilizer
1. This practice would reduce the likelihood
applications.
that applied nitrogen would pollute surface
--t or ground water by limiting the amount
8.
Consider induced deficiencies.of nutrients
applied to only that needed for realistic
due to excessive levels of other nutrients,
crop yields. Evaluate the vulnerability of
and the effect of soil pH on the availability
-� environmentally sensitive areas and water
of both soil and applied sources of plant
supplies.
nutrients and the optimum pH range of the
crop to be grown.
2. Development and maintenance of good soil
tilth through the use of Conservation
9.
Consider waste storage volume when
practices will enhance plant nutrient uptake
animal waste is the nitrogen source so that
efficiency. This can improve yield p n
reliability.
application timing as well as land area
requirements canbe planned.
I 3. Cereal rye cover crop can be used as a
10.
Evaluate the effects of water table
- scavenger to take up excess plant nutrients
management or controlled drainage on
applied in the previous season to prevent
availability and movement of nitrogen.
their movement from of the root zone.
Consider this management practice when a
11.
Adequate erosion control is of particular
dry growing season has been experienced or
importance where soils contain high levels
when there has been an over application of
of phosphorus and nitrogen. Placing
nitrogen fertilizer. See practice standard-
nutrients in contact with the soil generally
340 (Cover and Green Manure Crop).
reduces the chance of runoff losses along
with erosion control.
4. Organic wastes can provide an important
`J p p
12.
.Annual soil testing is recommended.
source of nutrients. State and local
regulations, the MRCS Agriculture Waste
13.
The nitrogen content of crop residue in
— Management Field Handbook, North
conjunction with other factors will
. Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
influence the immobilization of Nitrogen
(NCCES) Crop Production Guides, the
by mineralizing bacteria. Nitrogen in
Agricultural Chemical Manual, and waste
addition to the amount specified for RYE
analysis reports will provide guidance
could be necessary. It has been suggested
concerning waste utilization.
,
that nitrogen concentrations in excess of
1.5 to 1.7 per cent of the plant residue dry
5. Sources of nitrogen may include residual
weight do not need supplemental nitrogen
amounts in the soil, crop residues, waste
products, and commercial fertilizer.
to offset the effect of immobilization. To
determine the supplemental amount of
Commercial fertilizers are those products.._
-
Nitrogen needed the following
h
with a guaranteed analysis under North
computation
computation can
canused:
Carolina law.
A = where
A = pounds of additional nitrogen
6. Forage plants being used for nitrogen
W = plant residue dry weight in
uptake should be selected based on their
adaptation to the soil. Plants not adapted to
o'
N = /o nitrogen of the plant residue
- a site will have a short life and maintaining
dry weight
a vigorous stand will be difficult.
14.
Deep soil testing (18 to 24 inches is
7. Plant tissue samples should be taken to
recommended for nitrate levels when there
j evaluate nutrient status and to determine
is a.shallow ground water. .
MRCS, NC

590A-5
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
I—
Guidelines and information in this standard
1. Establish realistic yield goals based on soil
will be the basis for recommended nitrogen
applications. The w•orksheet will show the
map unit, available moisture, historical
J yield data, climatic conditions, and level of
source of nitrogen to be used and the
management to optimize plant production
application rates and method will be
and to minimize potential nutrient loading
specified.
of surface water and groundwater.
—
9. Nitrogen application rates when using
2. Develop a nitrogen management plan for
animal waste on agricultural land should
the crops to be grown. Account for the
be based on R.Y.E. and waste analysis
_ residual amount of nitrogen in the soil and
from the NCDA. When waste analysis is
crop residue, add estimated nitrogen from
not available, follow Cooperative
anticipated organic waste applications, and
then determine the amount of commercial
Extension Service recommendations, the
fertilizer needed to meet the nitrogen needs
North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals
of the proposed crop and target yield.
Manual or information contained in
Specify the crop, crop rotation, and kind,
Standard 633, zatio
Utiliz
ation. t Wase t
..
source, and amount of nitrogen that will be
used to meet the crop needs.
10. Nitrogen rates shall be based on realistic
crop yield expectations and should
3. If non -farm organic waste is to be used, it
consider all sources of nutrients that may
shall be analyzed for content and applied as
be available as outlined 'in the attached
prescribed by federal, state, or local
nitrogen budget worksheet.
- regulations. Appropriate documentation of
- amounts applied should be maintained.
1.1. Those items marked with an asterisk will
be recorded as minimum documentation
4. Frequency of soil test, waste analysis, and
requirements.
plant tissue test. shall be specified.
* a. Location
* b. Extent in acres
5. Credit for nitrogen contributions from
* c. Nitrogen budget sheet
legume crops in rotation shall be consistent
d. Form of nitrogen
with land grant university recommendations.
'�-
* e. Nitrogen timing and placement
6. Use the "Leaching index for Soluble
f. Soil erosion control
g. Equipment operation and
Nutrients" procedure or other detailed
guidelines from land grant universities to
maintenance
evaluate groundwater pollution potential in
h. Safety
conjunction with the water budget for the
i• Receiving water body (EHNR-
Iocation.
DEM Stream Classification index
—'
number)
7. All specifications will be consistent with
j. Leaching Index and
state and local regulations.
recommendations
8. A nitrogen budget will be developed that
shows sources (soil residual, crop residues,
organic waste, chemical fertilizer, and
legume crops) and required amounts of
nitrogen for the crop to be grown. Use the
Nitrogen Budget Worksheet to document
recommendations. State Extension
MRCS. NC
nRr-,N--m=r) inn,

590A-6
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
1. Special precautions must be taken to avoid
well contamination when using fertigation.
2. Equipment should be cleaned after nitrogen
application. Waste water resulting from
flushing application equipment should be
kept away from wells, streams, ponds,
lakes, or other water bodies and out of high
runoff areas. Follow all state and local - =
regulations concerning storage of materials
and disposal of product containers.
3. Avoid unnecessary exposure to hazardous
chemical fertilizer and organic wastes. .
Protective clothing, including goggles, a
respirator, gloves and footwear should be
worn when handling potentially dangerous
materials.
4. Dispose of product containers in
accordance with local and/or state
regulations. Follow all local, state, and
federal regulations regarding the transport
of fertilizers.. In case of an accidental
fertilizer spill, call 911. The dispatcher.
will notify the County Emergency
Management Coordinator who will notify
the State Emergency Management
Coordinator.
NRCS, NC.

E.-debit 590A-1
NITROGEN BUDGET WORKSHEET
Land use: Field number:
Prepared by: County:
Dominant soil type: Leaching potential: 1/
Previous crop: Yield: Animal waste 2/
applied:
Planned crop: Realistic yield ` -
goal:
Crop Needs
E
- Nitrogen required for realistic yield goal
Recommendation from RYE determination '
or NCSU Cooperative Extension Service A
Nitrogen Credits
Legume credit
B
.Animal and organic waste'-' C
Rate
Total Credits D
Nitrogen Balance
Nitrogen needs (or surplus) for crop yield- E
E=A-D
Animal Waste
Animal waste -nitrogen content*
(kind)"lbs per ton or lbs per 1000 gal r
(Method of Application)
NOTES: Refer to Waste utilization Standard (633) or Section X in North Carolina Agricultural
Chemical Manual for livestock manure production rates and nitrogen content for broadcast or
incorporated. If available, use waste. analysis report from NCDA.
When the LI is medium or high you should consider alternatives that will reduce the potential for
leaching of soluble nutrients, consider timing of fertilizer application, split applications, and
alternative crops that require less nutrients.
NRCS, NC
DECEMBER, 1996

E-Jubit 590A-2
y Leaching Potential (High, Medium, Low) - Can be found in Section I-B of the Field office
Technical Guide.
v Yes or No - was animal waste applied to previous crop. part of the nutrients in animal waste from previous year will be available this year. See agricultural Waste Management Field
Manual for a guide if previous applied animal waste will be considered.
Type of Waste - Broiler litter, Hog Lagoon, Dairy Slurry, etc.
Not all nutrients from previously applied animal wastes are used each growing season. For a
great part mineralization rates depend on soil properties and climate. Remaining nutrients from
prior applications of animal wastes can be determined from chapter 11, table 11-6 in the
Natural Resources Conservation Service's Agricultural Waste Management Field Manual.
Nitrogen from legume cover crops such as hairy vetch or legume crops such as soybeans or
peanuts grown the previous year. Make a choice from the range offered considering the vigor
or the legume crop, elapsed time from harvest or burndown, and the leaching potential of the
residual nitrogen based on the season. and soil characteristics.
Cover Crops
Hairy Vetch 80-1001bs/acre
Crimson. Clover 60-75 lbs/acre
Previous Year's Crop
Soybeans 15-3 01bs/acre
Peanuts 20-40
tiff ::
Clover or Alfalfa Sod 80-100 lbs/acre
Documentation During Planning
MRCS, INC

ATTACHMENT E: Pages 33 and 34 from Production and
Utilization of Pastures and Forages in North Carolina
produced by NCSU and NCARS.

h
Hop Clovers —Large hop (Trifolium
agrarium) and small hop (Trifolium dubium)
Hop clovers have yellow flowers and grow through-
out the state on most well -drained soils. The seeds
have been widely distributed. They volunteer
Tequently and are much less productive than
crimson clover.
Arrowleaf Clover (Trifolium vesiculosum)
Arrowleaf clover produces_ growth four to six weeks
later in the spring than crimson clover. This legume
has performed poorly in North Carolina compared
with crimson or other legumes.
Subclover (Trifolium subterramum)
Subclover has been erratic in its performance in
North Carolina. Several successful plantings have
been made, but volunteering is not always depend-
able. Late summer showers cause germination, but
plants die during hot, dry periods in August and
September. It has an advantage in that it can be
closely grazed and still produce. seed for volunteer-
ing. Not as productive as crimson, but the advan-
tages for crimson will be fewer under close intensive
grazing. Mt. Barker is one of the better cultivars.
Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexaiidrinum)
;his legume has not proven dependable in its
performance in North Carolina.
Principal Forages of North Carolina
COOL -SEASON PERENNIAL GRASSES
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Figure 12)
Adaptation: Adapted throughout North Carolina on
all soils except the dryer sands. Grows well on soils
too wet for orchardgrass. The presence of endophyte
fungus (Acremoriium coenophialum), found in morn
than 90% of the old Kentucky 31 tall fescue pasta res
in North Carolina, has been associated with per!
tency, animal health disorders, and poor anima'
performance. Persistence of endophyte-free tat'
fescue cultivars is usually less and more variable
than endophyte-infected Kentucky 31. Endophyte-
infected stands have persisted more than 20 years.
We have observed endophyte-free tall fescue for
only 10 years. In observations to date, endophyte-
free stands have persisted three to 10 years in North
Carolina.
Habit and Season of Growth: Semi -erect bunch -
type grass, with short rhizomes. Spreads very slowly
by rhizomes. Remains green. throughout much of the
year in North Carolina. Peak production months are
March, April, May, September, October, and No-
vember. Tall fescue makes fair growth in mid-
summer when fertility and moisture are ample, but
frequently becomes dormant after 14 to 21 days of
no rain. Yields range from 3 to 5 tons per acre.
Figure 12. Tall fescue.
33

2
Production and Utilization of Pastures and Forages in North Carolina
Compatibility: Grows well with ladino clover and
red clover, but endophyte-infected Kentucky 31 is
too competitive with alfalfa.
Nutritive Value: High in quality (70 to 80%o digest-
ible) when immature and leafy, but declines (55 to
607o digestible) when allowed to head. Dry matter
intake is high. When compared with endophyte-free,
endophyte-infected Kentucky 31 tall fescue has
produced decreases in daily gain of 0.5 to 1.0 pound
when grazed throughout the spring and summer in
the southeastern United States. Daily performance of
beef cattle will not be as greatly reduced from
animals grazing infected fescue if they are moved to
warm -season species when maximum ambient air
temperatures consistently exceed 85°F (mid -June).
Fungus -free cultivars should be used if fed to
lactating dairy cows or pregnant mares.
Use: Grown alone or as a companion grass with ladino
clover or other legumes for grazing, hay, silage, and
erosion control. Suitable for fall accumulation for
winter grazing.
Fertility Requirements: When grown with ladino
clover, the lime and mineral nutrient requirements
recommended for ladino-grass mixtures are gener-
ally sufficient. Tall fescue is frequently used in pure
stand (apply about 600 pounds of 10-10-10 per acre
at time of establishment). Where legume composi-
tion is less than 20%, or when seeded in pure stand,
tall fescue cut one or more times for hay should be
fertilized with about 160 pounds (clay and silt
loams) to 200 pounds (sandy soils) of nitrogen per
acre annually in split applications. The range is to
allow for variation in desired yields and for soil
production potential (use higher rates on sandy soils
and about 20% less on clay and silt loams). When
applying 200 pounds of nitrogen, apply approxi-
mately 500 pounds per acre of a 0-10-20 on soils
medium in phosphorus and potasssium, and pro-
portionately less if less nitrogen is used. The rates of
nitrogen and other fertilizers applied should be
reduced about 25% when grazed throughout the
season. All forages produce less when grazed than
when cut -the optimum number of cuts for hay. Also,
some of the nutrients in the animal waste are effec-
tively returned to the sod. Apply nitrogen February
1 to March 1, and in August or September, using
equal amounts at each date. The phosphorus and
potassium fertilizers may be applied in February (or
later) at the same time as the first application of
nitrogen. In the piedmont and mountains, a good
target date ,for late summer is August 7. In the
coastal plain, this date should be delayed until
September 1.
Establishment and Management: See Chapter 11.
Fall is usually the best time for seeding, but a March
seeding in piedmont and mountain areas also can be
successful. To start vegetative regrowth, clip pas-
tures whenever grass heads. In pure stand, accumu-
late growth in August, September, and October on a
portion of the acreage. Graze heavily in November,
December, and January. Also graze in March, April,
and May, with light mid -summer grazing. Graze to
2-inch stubble. To reduce or eliminate toxicity
problems in existing endophyte-infected pastures of
tall fescue, add ladino clover, do not graze during
mid -summer (use warm -season alternatives), and do
not graze seedheads or below 2-inch stubble.
Cultivars: Use endophyte-free such as AU -Triumph,
Forager, Cajun, Phyter, and several others.
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata, Figure 13)
Adaptation: Requires medium- to well -drained soils.
Well adapted to piedmont and mountain areas. In
lower piedmont and coastal plain, stands usually
thin out after about three years. In upper piedmont
and mountains, stands are thinning by the fifth year
due to disease and lack of good grazing manage-
ment.
Habit and Season of Growth: It is a tall, erect,
bunch -type grass without rhizomes or stolons.
Grows from March to November. More than 60% of
production is during March to June and September.
Grows some throughout summer when moisture is
adequate. More susceptible than tall fescue to leaf
deterioration from frost. Yields an average of 3 to 5
tons per acre.
34

ATTACHMENT F: Table 1 Forage Planting Guide for North
Carolina found in Production and Utilization of Pastures and
.Forages in North Carolina document produced by NCSU and
NCARS

Table 1. FORAGE PLANTING GUIDE FOR NORTH CAROLINA
Seeding Rate
(Ib/acre)
5:broadcast
D: drill (4- to 9-
Mountains
inch rows)
Planting
(above 2,500 it elevation)'
R: row (30+ inches)
Depth
See footnote for below 2,500 ft
Piedmont and Tidewater'
Coastal Pialn2
Best Dates Possible Dates
Best Dates Passible Dates I
Beat Dates Possible Dates
Crop
PLS: pure live seeds
(inches)
PERENNIAL GRASSES
Bahiagrass
8:15-25; 0:10.20
V. - 'h
Not adapted
Not well adapted
Feb 15-Mar 15 Feb 1-Mar 31 d
Bermudagrass (Hybrid)
8:25-40;
1 -3
Not adapted
Mar 1-Mar 31 Feb 15-May 1 or
Mar 1-Mar 31 Feb 15-Apr 15 or .
Sprigs - bu. = 1.25 It'
R:5-15 bushels
thru Jul 9 irrigated
thru Jul if irrigated
Bermudagrass
8:6-8; 0:5-7
'/4 - 'h
Not adapted
Apr 15-May 15 Apr 1-Jun 15
Apr 1-May 15 Mar 15-Jun 7
(Common —seed only)
Big Bluestem
0:8-10 PLS;
'/4 - 1/2
May 25-Jun 15 May 7-Jun 30
May 7-May 20 May 1Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 15-Jun 30
8:10-12 PLS
Bluegrass
B:10-15; D:8-12
'/4
Jul 25 Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 25
Not well adapted
Not well adapted I
Caucasian Bluestem
0:2 PLS; 8:4 PLS
'A
May 25-Jun 15 May 7-Jun 30
May 7-May 20 May 1-Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 15-Jun 30
Dallisgrass
B:20.30; 0:15-20
1/4 '/2
Not adapted
Not well adapted
Mar 1-Mar 30 Feb 15-Apr 15 .
Eastern Gammagrass
D:8-10 PLS;
'/4 -1
May 25-Jun 15 May 7-Jun 30
May 7-May 20 May 1-Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 15-Jun 30
B: Do not broadcast
Flaccidgrass
D:2-4;
May 25-Jun 15 May 15-Jun 30
May 7-May 20 May 1Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 15-Jun 15
Sprig: 3-5/ft in 18'
'/4 - '/2
Mar 1-Apr 7 Feb 15-Apr 15
Feb 20-Mar 15 Feb 1-Mar 30
Feb 15-Mar 15 Feb 1-Mar 30
rows;
2-3
May 15-Jun 15 May 1-Jul 15
Apr 25-Jun 1 Apr 15-Jul 15
Apr 20-May 20 Apr 15-Jun 10 .
Tillers: "fit
root cove
Indfangrass
D:8-10 PLS;
'/4 'h
May 25-Jun 15 May 7-Jun 30
May 7-May 20 May 1 Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 15-Jun 30
8:10-12 PLS
Orchardgrass
8:12-15; D:8-12
'/4 - '/z
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 25
Not well adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Reed Canarygrass
B:5-10; D:4-8
'/4 - '/2
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 25
Not well adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Mar 1-Mar 31
{
Rescuegrass
D:20-25; B:25-35
'/2 3/4
Aug 20-Sep 7 Aug 15-Oct 1
Sep 1-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep 1-Sep 30 Aug 25-Oct 15 ,
Mar 15-Mar 30 Mar 1-Apr 30
Mar 1-Mar 30 Feb 15-Apr 30
'+
Smooth Bromegrass
8:10-20; D:8-15
'/4 'h
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Not well adapted
Not adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
:S
Switchgrass
D:6-10PLS
'/2
May 7-Jun 7 Apr 25-Jun 30
Apr 7-May 7 Mar 20-Jun 30
Apr 1-May 1 Mar 7-Jun 30 ry
Tall Fescue
B:15-20; 0:10-15
'/4 - '/z
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 25
Sep 1-Sep 30 Sep 1-Oct 31
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Feb 15-Mar 20 .
Timothy
B:10-12; 0:8-10
'/4 - '/2
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Not well adapted
Not adapted 1
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
MIXTURES
Orchardgrass + Alfalfa
B:5 + 20; D:3 + 15
'/.
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Not well adapted
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
`
Orchardgrass + Ladino
B:12 + 4; D:9 + 3
'/4
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Not well adapted
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Orchardgrass + Red
8:12 + 10; D:9 + 8
'/4
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Not adapted
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
Tall Fescue + Ladino
B:10 + 4; 0:8 + 3
'/4
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep 1-Sep 30 Sep 1-Oct 25 .i
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31
(heavy soils only) Feb 15-Mar 20
Tall Fescue + Red
B:10 + 8; D:8 + 6
'/4
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 20
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 25-Oct 15
Sep 1-Sep 30 Sep 1-Oct 25 5
Clover
Mar 20-Apr 20 Mar 1-May 15
Feb 15-Mar 31(heavy
soils on Feb 15-Mar 20 '
ANNUAL GRASSES
Barley
8:140; D:100
1 - 2
Aug 1-Aug 20 Aug 1-Oct 10
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 20-Oct 31
Not well adapted
Mlllet, Pearl (Cattail)
B:20-25; 0:15-20;
'/2 - 1 '/:
May 15-May 31 May 1 Jun 30
May 1-May 31 Apr 25-Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 20-Jun 30
R:6-10
Mlilet, Foxtail, and
D:10-15; R:5-7
'/z - 1 '/z
May 15-May 31 May 1-Jun 30
May 1-May 31 May 1Jun 30
May 1-May 15 Apr 20-Jun 30
Japanese (Not as
productive as Pearl)
Oats
B:130; D:100
1-2
Not well adapted
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 20-Oct 31
Sep 5-Sep 30 Sep 1-Nov 15 ,
Rye
B:120; D:100
1-2
Aug 1-Aug 20 Aug 1-Oct 10
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 20-Oct 31
Sep 5-Sep 30 Sep 1- Nov 15
Ryegrass
B:3040; D:20-30
'/4 - '/:
Jul 25-Aug 10 Jul 15-Aug 31
Aug 25-Sep 15 Aug 20-Oct 31
Sep 1-Sep 30 Sep 1-Oct 31
:.1

ATTACHMENT G: Email from Dr. Jim Green, Professor and
Extension Specialist of Pastures and Forage Crops at NCSU

Pagel of 2
`;eff Vaughan,
.Rrom: "Jim Green" <[e-mail]>
o: "'Jeff Vaughan"' <[e-mail]>
-gent: Friday, January 26, 2001 9:38 AM
Subject: RE: reed canarygrass
Jeff
-`:we have nothing of any real use to you on reedcanary grass. it will grow
__;�ere......... somewhat! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! but it is not as well adapted to the
piedmont as fescue. we have grown it here, but the hot weather just does not
;uit it. however, in the mountains it seems to do somewhat better,
',,specially on bottomland soils and along streams and drainage ditches.
is nutrient uptake would not be a great deal different than fescue at
'similar yields, however, i could only "guess" at the potential yield on such
sites. if one has a good stand and can maintain it, i would "estimate" that
,(ou might expect 3-5 tons/acre/year. however, there are many things that
affect that estimate.
what kind of yield experience is the producer having? i know it will
_:olerate some really wet conditions.
get back to me and we can talk about it some.
Jim green
http://forages.orst.edu/ <http://forages.orst.edu/>
httD://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/forageL/pubs—toc.htm
<http://www.agEy.purdue.edu/ext/forages/pubs toc.htm>
http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/agronomy/forage/fora eg s.html
- <http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdgpt/a onom, /y forage/f`orages.html>
http://www.wvu.edu/—agexten/foMlvst/index.htm
<http://www.wvu.edu/ agexten/forglvst/index.htm>
1/26/01

Page 2 of 2
lames T. Green, Jr.
!rofessor & Extension Specialist
tures & Forage Crops
',ampus Box 7620
'413 Williams Hall
North Carolina State University
taleigh, NC 27695-7620
-_, ioice.. 919. 515.23 90
fax..... [phone]
im—green(@,ncsu.edu
__ `.----Original Message -----
-From: Jeff Vaughan [[e-mail]]
Sent: Thursday, January 25, 2001 .11:56 AM
fo: -im rg een(c ncsu.edu
Subject: reed canarygrass
Dr. Green,
-We have a client in western NC that is growing reed canarygrass in some
floodplains. I have experience/information with reed canarygrass in other
+.es, but not as far south as NC. I checked the NCSU and NCCES website
some publications on reed canarygrass in NC, but found none. If there
--are any publications on reed canarygrass in NC, could you point me to them?
[f there are no publications, can you give me some idea of expected yields,
fertility requirements; ,pest management;..haying/grazing management, etc. As
always, I really appreciate your help.
-Jeff
ieff Vaughan, Agronomy/Soil Science Team Leader
Agri -Waste Technology, Inc.
- 5400 Etta Burke Court
Raleigh, NC 27606
7'1-919-859-0669 Phone
1-919-233-1970 Fax
1/26/01

ATTACHMENT H: Reed Canarygrass Information
Developed by Penn State University and Purdue University

Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a tall, leafy,
high -yielding perennial. It is a cool -season grass which is
greater in winterhardiness and more resistant to foliar
diseases than other cool -season grasses grown in
Pennsylvania. The plants spread and thicken from short
rhizomes, creating a dense sod. If not grazed or clipped,
plants will reach heights exceeding 6 feet under high
fertility conditions.
Reed canarygrass does well on most Pennsylvania soils
except droughty sands. It is a "natural" for poorly drained
soils because of its tolerance to flooding and standing
water (Table 1). In addition to its adaptation to wet sites,
reed canarygrass is one of the most drought -tolerant of the
cool -season grasses. Thus, under proper management this
species does well on upland sites.
ADAPTED VARIETIES
Older varieties (Common, Rise, Vantage) contain high
levels of alkaloids which make these reed canarygrasses
less palatable than other grasses. Newer varieties
(developed since 1976) contain lower levels of alkaloids
and are more palatable. Low -alkaloid varieties that have
performed well in Pennsylvania are Palaton and Venture.
Both varieties are high yielding, have good winter
hardiness, and can be used for pasture or in mixture with a
legume for hay and silage.
Agronomy Facts 26
canarygrass
ESTABLISHMENT
Spring seedings are most common. However, late -summer
seedings are often more successful because weeds are less
of problem. Reed canarygrass canbe slow to establish
and may fail when weed competition is severe during
establishment. Grass weeds are especially harmful.
Companion crops can be used for spring seedings, but
should not be used for late -summer seedings. Oats are the
most common companion crop, but early removal for silage
or by grazing is necessary to reduce competition for light
and moisture.
If a late -summer seeding is planned, prepare the seedbed
2 to 4 weeks ahead of seeding, if possible. This will allow
the soil to become firm and provide an opportunity to
accumulate moisture in the seedbed. Best seeding time is
before August 15 in northern Pennsylvania and September
1 in southern Pennsylvania.
Best stands of reed canarygrass are obtained when sown
not deeper than 1/2 inch in a well -prepared, firm seedbed.
This is best accomplished with band seeders equipped with
press wheels. Other seeding methods can be used, but
chances of obtaining thick stands and vigorous growth in
the seeding year are reduced. Cultipacker seeders and grain
drills work well if the seedbed is firm and the seed is
covered to a depth not exceeding 1/2 inch. Roll or cultipack
after seeding with grain drills not.equipped with press
wheels or after broadcast seeding: Caution must be used not
Table 1. Characteristics of perennial cool -season grasses in.Pennsylvania.
Seedling
Tolerance to soil limitations
Tolerance to
Relative
Grass Vigo&
Droughty Wet Low pH.b Persistence
frequent harvest
maturityc
Kentucky bluegrass M
L M M
H
H
Early
Orchardgrass H
M M M
M
H
Early -medium
Perennial ryegrass H
L. M M
L
H
Early -medium
Reed canarygrass L
H H H
H
H
Medium -late
Smooth bromegrass H
H M M
H
L
Medium -late
Tall fescue H
M M H
M
H
Medium -late
Timothy M
L L M
H
L
Late
a L = low, M = moderate, H = high
b pH below 6.0
Maturity characteristic refers to relative time of seed head appearance in the spring.
This will depend not
only on the
species but also on the variety.
PENNSTATE
College of Agricultural Sciences • Cooperativ6 Extension

to bury the seed after broadcast seeding.
Reed canarygrass should be seeded at 14 lb per acre
when seeded alone. This is a relatively high seeding rate
compared to orchardgrass or timothy; however, reed
canarygrass seed tends to have a low percentage of
germination which necessitates a high seeding rate.
Legume mixtures are recommended especially for hay or
silage production. When seeding reed canarygrass in a
mixture, decrease the seeding rate to 6 to 8 lb per acre for
reed canarygrass (Table 2).
Table 2. Seeding rates for reed canarygrass and a
single legume in mixture.
Species
Ib/A
Reed canarygrass
6-8
With any one of these legumes
Alfalfa
8-10
Birdsfoot trefoil
6-8
Red clover
6-8
HARVEST MANAGEMENT
Reed canarygrass can be used for pasture, hay or silage.
Recovery following defoliation is excellent in the spring
and early summer and is fair to good in late summer and
early fall. However, it is frost -sensitive and will turn brown
quickly after early fall frosts.
Reed canarygrass is high yielding when cut for hay or
silage (Table 3). Highest yield is obtained when harvested
at heading. In contrast, highest quality is obtained before
seed heads begin to appear and declines rapidly thereafter
(Table 4). This change in quality is primarily due to
increases in portions of the stem relative to the leaf. There
is not a close relationship between time of first harvest and
stand persistence (Table 3). Regrowth after harvesting reed
canarygrass will be leafy with stem elongation but no -seed,
heads will be produced.
When using reed canarygrass for pasture, excessive
forage growth must be avoided to maintain quality and
palatability. Animals who have a choice will often choose
grasses other than reed canarygrass. This is accentuated if
the reed canarygrass is a high alkaloid variety or is allowed
to become mature before grazing. Growth starts early in the
spring with grazing generally available by the third or
fourth week in April. Approximately 60 percent of
the total yield of reed canarygrass is produced by July.
Maintain the grass below 12 inches tall during the rapid
spring growth of May and June. Short duration rotational
grazing with a heavy grazing pressure will allow the best
utilization and greatest animal gains per acre. In addition,
rotational grazing is recommended to allow hay harvesting
ofthe ungrazed pastures during the spring. Reed
canarygrass should not be grazed closer than 3 to 4 inches
above the ground. A recovery period following grazing will
also improve productivity.
FERTILITY
Fertilization is important to take advantage of the high
yielding characteristics of reed canarygrass. Determine the
lime and fertilizer needs by soil testing before seeding. If
pH is below 6.0, apply lime. In the absence of a soil test,
assuming medium fertility soil, plow down 0-45-135 lb per
acre and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre at seeding. When
seeding with a legume, apply none or less than 20 lb per
acre of nitrogen at seeding. Nitrogen application in excess
of 20 lb per acre will stimulate reed canarygrass develop-
ment and inhibit legume establishment.
A soil test is the best guide for proper fertilization of
established reed canarygrass. In pure reed canarygrass
stands, apply nitrogen annually. Reed canarygrass responds
more to nitrogen fertilization than the other cool -season
grasses. Annual rates of N application may range from 80
to 240 lb per acre depending on soil condition and type and
consequently yield potential. Generally, about 40 lb of
nitrogen is required per ton of forage produced. Nitrogen
rates in excess of 120 lb per acre should be applied in split
applications. Fertilization systems which apply at least one-
half of the annual N in August can be utilized to take
advantage of the high -yielding characteristics of reed
canarygrass in the fall.
A productive stand of reed canarygrass will require
about 30 lb per acre of phosphorus annually for stand
maintenance. Potassium fertilization of reed canarygrass
for maintenance is more.variable than. phosphorus. Depend-
ing on the soil type and cropping: history; potassium rates. -
may range from none to 160-lb per acre per year. On higher
organic.matter soils, higher rates, would be necessary.:
SUMMARY
Reed canarygrass is a tall -growing, perennial grass which is
widely adapted to Pennsylvania conditions. It is particularly
well adapted to wet soils and soils with a pH below 6.0.
Reed canarygrass has unjustly gained a reputation as a low
quality, undesirable forage. This misconception is in part
due to the high alkaloid content of native varieties and the
practice of delaying harvest until reed canarygrass is
mature. However, newer varieties of reed canarygrass are
equal in quality to other cool -season grasses when har-
vested at similar stages of maturity. Yield of reed
canarygrass is closely related to the rate of N fertilization.

Table 3. Weld and persistence of perennial cool -season grasses when the first harvest was taken at different stages of
grass. development and fertilized at two rates of N, averaged over three production years.
Stage at Dry matter yield
Persistence after three years
first harvest N• OGb RCb SBb
Timb
OG RC SB
Tim
tons/acre
% ground cover
Pre -joint High 3.2 3.3 3.0
3.3
54 100 22
32
Low 2.2 2.1 2.3
2.5
58 100 30
47
Early -head High 3.5 3.5 3.9
3.4
49 100 23
32
Low 2.0 1.9 2.9
2.4
57 100 30
32
Early -bloom High 3.6 3.7 4.9
3.9
51 100 25
14
Low 2.4 2.0 3.7
2.8
55 100 35
35
Late -bloom High 3.6 3.8 5.1
4.0
42 100 30
13
Low 2.5 2.0 4.0
3.6
53 100 38
40
Means of harvest schedules
Pre -joint 2.7 2.6 2.7
2.9
.56 100 26
39
Early -head 2.8 2.7 3.4
2.8
57 100 27
32
Early -bloom 3.0 2.9 4.3
3.3
52 100 30
24
Late -bloom- 3.0 2.9 4.6
3.4
48 100 . ' 34
26
Means of N rates
High 3.5 3.6 4.3
3.6
48 100 25
22
Low 2.3 2.0 3.2
2.7
56 100 33
38
" High N treatments received 200 to 250 lb N per acre per year, low N treatment received 100. to 125 lb N per acre per
year.
b OG='Penniate' orchardgrass, RC = common reed canarygrass, SB ='Saratoga' smooth bromegrass, Tim ='Climax'
timothy.
Adapted from Northeast Regional Publications 550, 564, 557, and
570. Management and Productivity of Perennial
Grasses in the Northeast. West Virginia Agric. Exp. Stn.
Table 4. Nutritional value of perennial cool -season grasses at first harvest during spring and summer.
Stage at
first harvest°
OGb
Crude protein
RC SB
Tim
OG
Digestible dry matter
RC SB
Tim
Pre -joint
28.3
24.5 31.9
32.3
82
79 84
76
Early head
16.8
17.0 18.0
16.1
66
72 72
62
Early bloom
14.7•
15.4 14.1
11.3
63
71 67
59
Late bloom
12.5
11.1 8.6
8.8
57
60 54
55
a Grasses were fertilized with 200 to 250 lb N the previous year.
b OG = orchardgrass, RC = reed canarygrass, SB = smooth bromegrass, Tim = timothy
Adapted from Northeast Regional Publications 550, 554, 557, and 570. Management and Productivity of Perennial
Grasses in the Northeast West Virginia Agric. Exp. Stn.
Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, assistant professor of agronomy.
Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement by Penn State Cooperative Extension is implied.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of Congress May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department
of Agriculture and the Pennsylvania Legislature. L.F. Hood, Director of Cooperative Extension, The Pennsylvania State University.
The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to programs, facilities, admission, and
employment without regard to personal characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications as determined by University
policy or by state or federal authorities. The Pennsylvania State University does not discriminate against any person because of age,
ancestry, color, disability or handicap, national origin, race, religious creed, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. Direct all affirmative
action inquiries to the Affirmative Action Office, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Willard Building, University Park, PA 16802-
2801. RSM 693
3

i
i
i�
Ag
rono Ul
y_4 G de
Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service
FORAGES AY-60
Reed Canarygrass forForage or Erosion. Control
Keith D. Johnson
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University -
Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)
is a tall, perennial, cool -season grass with a
reputation as a marsh grass that makes poor
quality forage for livestock. While this reputation
was warranted in the past, new varieties of reed
canarygrass are now available that make this
forage an acceptable animal feed.
Reed canarygrass is a _ native of Asia and
Europe. It was first grown for forage in the
United States in the early 19th century. Because
of its tolerance of poorly drained or wet soils,
one of its primary uses has been for grass
waterways. Reed canarygrass is unusual in that
it is also drought tolerant. High yields can be
expected if this perennial ,grass is managed
properly, especially when grown under either
wet or dry environmental conditions.
Considered a sod -forming grass, reed ca-
narygrass spreads underground by short, thick
rhizomes. If stands are thin, reed canarygrass
will have a bunchy habit, growing in clumps that
represent individual plants or groups of a few
plants. Reed canarygrass flowers in late May or
early June in Indiana. The 3-mm long, light grey
to grey -black waxy seed shatters quickly after
ripening in .late June or early July. This seed -
shattering trait makes reed canarygrass seed
production difficult.
Choosing a Variety
Forage. If reed canarygrass is seeded for pri-
mary use as a forage, a low -alkaloid variety
should be selected to insure maximum animal
productivity (alkaloids are chemicals produced
by this species that reduce its palatability).
High- and low -alkaloid genotypes of reed ca-
narygrass were test -fed to grazing steers at the
University of Minnesota. The results of these
tests are shown in Table 1. Steers grazing low -
alkaloid reed canarygrass had significantly
higher _average daily gains compared to the
steers grazing high -alkaloid types.
There are two low -alkaloid varieties currently
available: Palatin and Venture. Contact
Research Seeds Inc., P.O.:Box 1393, St. Joseph,
Missouri 64502 for information on distributors of
these varieties. It is necessary to use one* of
these two varieties when sowing reed canary -
grass for use as a forage. Currently, existing
stands of reed canarygrass, other than these
two varieties, are all high -alkaloid types.
Table 1. Alkaloid content and average daily gains of
steers grazing high- and low -alkaloid reed canar-
ygrass.*
93 day Grazing Period
First 66 days Last 27 days Entire 93 days
Alkaloid concentration (% dry.
weight)
High Alkaloid
0.2 0.7
0:3
Low Alkaloid
0.1 0.3
0.1
Average daily gain (lbs./steer)
High Alkaloid
0.5 -0.1
0.3
Low Alkaloid
0.7 0.9
0.7
*Adapted from Marten et al., Agronomy Journal (1976)
68:909-914.
Conservation Uses.. Reed canarygrass can be
used in gullies and waterways for erosion con-
trol. Its vigorous, spreading growth prevents
erosion in stream channel banks and edges of
farm ponds. If, however, it is used in narrow gul-
lies and waterways and -not mowed, the large
amount of vegetativegrowth that accumulates
may clog a narrow waterway. Although reed ca-
narygrass tolerates a high-water table and can
survive where water stands in winter and spring,
it does not grow in stagnant water.
When not used for forage purposes, the
selection of'a reed canarygrass variety is not too
critical. Varieties which may be available include
Superior, loreed, Rise, Vantage, Castor, Flair,
and Commercial Common. All are high -alkaloid
types. Most of the seed available on the market
is Commercial Common.
! West Lafayette, Indiana

Establishment
Forage Use.. Reed canarygrass can be seeded
from Mar. 1 to May 1, or from Aug. 1 to Sept.
1—even though the spring seedings are best if
field conditions permit. If a summer seeding is
planned, moldboard or chisel plow the area 4 to
6 weeks ahead of seeding. If plowing is not pos-
sible, any means of .disturbing the soil surface
and incorporating fertilizer is encouraged.
Seeding rate is 6-8 pounds pure live seed
(PLS) per acre. The PLS content of a given lot
of seed can be calculated from information on
the seed tag:
% PLS = % purity x % germination.
Pounds of pure live seed in bulk quantity can be
calculated with the following equation:
Pounds bulk seed x % PLS = pounds PLS.
Use a cultipacker before seeding, if neces-
sary, to provide a firm seedbed. Do not cover
the seed more than '/4 inch on silt soils or 3/4 inch
on muck or sandy soils. Seedlings are slow to
establish and the seedling stage is a critical
period. Plants must be well established before
winter, because reed canarygrass seedlings are
susceptible to damage from cold temperatures.
Once established, this grass is very vigorous; it
will persist and spread if not mowed frequently.
Sod Use. For soil conservation uses, reed ca-
narygrass can be established during the early
spring or late summer when the soil is moist by
placing small pieces of sod embedded at inter-
vals of 1 to 2 ft.. Shoots from pieces of sod will
penetrate up to 7 inches- of sediment. Sod can
be loaded by using a manure scoop and remov-
ing the sod from established stands and hauled
to the area of. use.. Chopped pieces of mature,
green stems .can be imbedded.-.2 inches deep
into wet gullies. Under very wet conditions, this -.
may be a better method . than sod planting.
Green stems should be taken from stands that
are at least 3 years old. This grass should not be
used along slow -running, shallow streams or
drainage ditches,, becausesilting may occur and
the waterway can become clogged.
Fertilization. The best way to properly fertil-
ize reed canarygrass is through soil test recom-
mendations, which are based on representative
soil samples. Up to 50 lbs. of N may be applied
at seeding. Established reed canarygrass stands
will respond to as much as 200 lbs. N per acre
(Figure 1).
Reed canarygrass can be used for land utili-
zation of nutrients that are found in municipal
and industrial waste effluents. This grass has
the capacity to remove N from wastewater
effluent, even when temperatures are too cold.
for plant growth.
® Printed on Recycled Paper
4 _
3
a�
U
Q
Cn
c 2
0
"0.
5 1
•
FIGURE 1.
0 50 100 150: 200
Nitrogen Fertilizer (lbs. N/Acre)
Harvesting for Forage
Pasture. After it starts growing, reed canary -
grass is used primarily for grazing and can be
pastured the entire season. It starts growing in
early spring, with a majority of its dry matter
production occurring in the spring. It does pro-
duce a significant amount of dry matter in the
summer and fall. Reed canarygrass. should be
grazed when it is between 6 and 24 inches tall.
Pastures should be grazed rotationally for max-
imum utilization of this. grass. Short periods of
heavy grazing, followed by a rest period, will
maintain optimum palatability. If more pasture is
available in the spring than the available animals
can handle, a portion of the area can be cut for
hay, and the regrowth pastured.
. Hay or silage. For the best- possible quality
hay, the first crop should be cut before heading.
In Indiana; this will allow up to three cuttings of
good quality hay to be made annually. Although
reed canarygrass is very vigorous, it can be
grown in mixtures with either alsike 'clover,
ladino clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, or crown -
vetch. To keep a legume with this grass,
management must favor the legume by more
potassium fertilizer and more frequent cutting.
Reed canarygrass silage can be made by
harvesting at the same stage as for hay. It will
ensile well if proper ensiling techniques are
used, such as fine chopping at a proper mois-
ture for tight packing.
Related Publications
AY-253 Forage Selection and Seeding Guide for Indiana
I0-171 Maximizing the Value of Pasture for Sheep
ID-167 Maximizing the Value. of Pasture for Horses
PRINTED WITH
SOY I NK ,_ RR 3192 (2.54
Cooperative Extension work in Agriculture and Home Economics, state of Indiana, Purdue University, and U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture cooperating-, H.A. Wadsworth, Director, West Lafayette, IN. Issued in furtherance of the acts of May 8 and „une 30, 1914. The Pur.
due University Cooperative Extension Serviceis an affirmative action/equal opportunity institution.

ATTACHMENT C5
Proposal for Ground Water Monitoring

Proposal for Groundwater Monitoring
In summary, the proposed addition to the groundwater monitoring system includes the addition
of three additional monitoring wells. These wells will be located adjacent to the spray field
addition to monitor ground water quality. One well will be up -gradient of the spray field
addition, with the remaining two wells located in down -gradient locations. The proposed well
locations and designations (up -gradient or down -gradient) are consistent with the generalized
groundwater flow direction (southwest) as specified in the "Hydrogeologic Assessment for Spray
Irrigation Waste Water Disposal Application" prepared by the Fletcher Group of North Carolina.
This Assessment is contained in Attachment C3.
The existing monitoring wells and the proposed monitoring wells are displayed on the included
site map. Initial designations for the proposed monitoring wells are MW #5, MW #6, and MW
#7. Monitoring Well #5 is located in an up -gradient position and Monitoring Wells #6 and #7
are located in down gradient positions.
The installation of the monitoring wells will be performed by a licensed well driller. From the
- Hydrogeologic Assessment, depth to water (at time of field investigation) is approximately 17-22
feet below ground surface in the upland areas and between three to five feet below ground
surface in the lowland areas. Monitoring Well #5 is located in the upland areas and Monitoring
- Wells #6 and #7 are located in the lowland areas. These groundwater depths provide initial
insight as to the required depth of the monitoring wells and the location of the screened interval.
Consistent with the current permit, the following parameters and schedule for groundwater
testing are being proposed:
Proposed Monitoring Schedule: May and November
Proposed Monitoring Parameters:
- Nitrate Nitrogen - Ammonia Nitrogen
- TDS - TOC
- pH - Water Level
- Fecal Coliforms - Chloride
- Volatile Organic Compounds (in November Only)
The measurement of water levels must be made prior to sampling for the remaining parameters.

ATTACHMENT C6
Wastewater Analysis

WATER SAMPLING MONITORING REPORT
Pago_Lof 1
YEAR: 2000
FACILITY NAME: Northland Cranberrv'� .orn Sample ID EFFLUENT
OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE (ORC) _ PHONE $28-693-0711
CHECK BOX IF ORC HAS CHANGED ❑ c
CERTIFIED LABORATORIES (1) Pac AnaI)di al rviraa (2)
PERSON(S) COLLECTING SAMPLES Mike Puttick
X
(SIGNATURE OF OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE)
BY THIS SIGNATURE, I CERTIFY THAT THIS REPORT IS ACCURATE
AND COMPLETE TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

WATER SAMPLING MONITORING REPORT
Pago_Lof I .
FACILITY NAME: Northland Crnherrv'a QQrp
YEAR: teeg
Sample ID EFFLUENT
OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE (ORC) PHONE �28-693-0711
CHECK BOX IF ORC HAS CHANGED ❑ C
CERTIFIED LABORATORIES (1) PaceAnalvtical SPrvi ae (2)
PERSON(S) COLLECTING SAMPLES Mike Puttick
X
(SIGNATURE OF OPERATOR IN RESPONSIBLE CHARGE)
BY THIS SIGNATURE, I CERTIFY THAT THIS REPORT IS ACCURATE
AND COMPLETE TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

ATTACHMENT D
Existing Permit

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Asheville Regional Office
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Bill Holman, Secretary
Kerr T. Sevens, Director WATER QUALITY SECTION
Division of Water Quality
September 20, 2000
Mr. Blake M. Kehoe, Plant Manager
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
Post Office Box 1009
Mountain Home, North Carolina 28758
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Subject: Permit No. WQ0004797
Northland Cranberries, Inc.
Wastewater Spray Irrigation_
Henderson County
Dear Mr. Kehoe:
In accordance with your application received April 25, 2000, we
are forwarding herewith Permit No. WQ0004797, dated September 20,
2000, to Northland Cranberries, Inc. for the continued operation of
the subject wastewater treatment and spray irrigation facilities.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until
September 20, 2005, shall void Permit No. WQ0004797 issued March 1,
1999 to the Northland Cranberries, Inc., and shall be subject to the
conditions and limitations as specified therein. Please pay
particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit.
Failure to establish an adequate system for collecting and maintaining
the required operational information will result in future compliance
problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this
permit are unacceptable, you have the right to request an adjudicatory
hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt
of this permit. This request must be in the form of a written
petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General
Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, 6714
Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-6714. Unless such demands are
made this permit shall be final and binding.

Blake M Kehoe
September 20, 2000
Page Two
If you need additional information concerning this matter, please
contact Mr. Roy Davis at 828/251-6208, extension 242.
Sincerely,
rr T. Stevens
CC: Henderson -County Health Department
Roy'M. Davis, Asheville Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Asheville Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Groundwater Section, Central Office
Technical Assistance and Certification Unit
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit

NORTH CAROLINA
t �
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of Chapter 143,
General Statutes of North Carolina as amended, and other applicable
Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS.HEREBY GRANTED TO
NORTHLAND CRANBERRIES, INC.
HENDERSON COUTNY
FOR THE
continued operation of a 83,000-GPD spray irrigation treatment and
disposal facility consisting of a 100-GPM pump station, approximately
2,200 linear feet of 6-inch force main, a 2.5-MG aerated lagoon, a
475-GPM .spray irrigation pump, a 15.3-acre spray field, and all
associated piping, valvet, controls, spray heads and appurtenances to
serve Northland Cranberries, Inc. (35022130" N, 82028'53" W), with no
discharge of wastes to the surface waters, pursuant to the application
received April 25, 2000, and in conformity with. the project plan,
specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and
approved by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and
considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until
September 20, 2005,shall void Permit No.. WQ0004797 issued March 1,
1999 to the Northland Cranberries, Inc., and shall be subject to the
following specified conditions and limitations:
I. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
1. The spray irrigation facilities shall be effectively maintained
and operated at all times so that there is no discharge to'the
surface waters, nor any contamination of ground waters which
will render them unsatisfactory. for normal use. In the event-
-hat the facilities fail to perform satisfactorily, including
1 ..

the creation of nuisance conditions or failure of the
irrigation area to adequately assimilate the wastewater, the
Permittee shall take immediate corrective actions including
those actions that may be required by the Division of water
Quality (Division), such as the construction of additional or
replacement wastewater treatment and disposal facilities.
-- 2. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Permittee of
the responsibility for damages to surface or groundwaters
resulting from the operation of this facility.
3. The residuals generated from these treatment facilities must be
-- disposed in accordance with General Statute 143-215.1 and in a
manner approved by the Division.
4. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated wastewater from the
.treatment facilities is prohibited.
5. The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet between wetted area and any residence or places of publi
assembly under separate ownership,
b) 150 feet between wetted area and property lines,
c) 100-feet between wetted area and wells,
d) 100 feet between wetted area and drainage ways or surface
water bodies,
e) 50 feet between wetted area and public right of ways,
f) 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and wells, and
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property
lines.
Some of the buffers specified above may not have been included
in previous permits for this waste treatment and disposal
system. These buffers are not intended to prohibit or prevent
modifications, which are required by the Division, to improve
^performance of the existing treatment facility. These buffers
do, however, apply to modifications of the treatment and
disposal facilities which are for the purpose of increasing the
flow that is tributary to the facility. These buffers do apply
to any expansion or modification of the spray irrigation areas
and apply in instances in which the sale of property would
cause any of the buffers now complied with, for the treatment
and disposal facilities, to be violated. The applicant is
advised that any modifications to the existing facilities will
require a'permit modification.

II. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. The facilities shall be properly maintained and operated at all
times.
2. Upon classification of the facility" by the Water Pollution
Control System Operators Certification Commission (WPCSOCC),
the Permittee shall employ a certified wastewater treatment
plant operator to be in responsible charge (ORC) of the.
wastewater treatment facilities. The operator must hold a'
certificate of the type and grade at least equivalent to or
greater than the classification assigned to the wastewater
treatment facilities by the WPCSOCC. The Permittee must also
employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and
`l grade to comply with the conditions of 15A NCAC 8A .0202. The
ORC of the facility must visit each Class I facility at least
weekly and each Class II, III, and IV facility at least daily,
excluding weekends and holidays, and must properly manage and
..document .daily operation .and maintenance of the facility and .
must comply with all other conditions of 15A NCAC 8A .0202.
3. A suitable year round vegetative cover shall be maintained on
the spray field.
a. Irrigation shall not be performed during inclement weather or
when the ground is in a condition that will cause runoff.
5. Adequate measures shall be taken to prevent wastewater runoff
from the spray field.
6. The facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated as
a non -discharge system to prevent the discharge of any
wastewater resulting from the operation of this facility.
7. The application rate shall not exceed a cumulative loading of
78 inches over any twelve (12) month period at an instantaneous
application rate not to allow any spray field runoff.
8. No type of wastewater other than that from Northland
Cranberries, Inc. shall be sprayed onto the irrigation area.
3 -

9. No traffic or equipment shall be allowed on the disposal area
except while,installation occurs or while normal maintenance is
being performed.
Public access to the land application sites shall be controlled
during active site use. Such controls may include the posting of
signs showing the activities being conducted at each site.'
`- 10. Freeboard in the lagoon shall not be less than two feet at any......
time.
III. MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Any monitoring .(including groundwater, surface water, soil or
plant tissue analyses) deemed necessary by the Division to
insure surface and ground water protection will be established
and .an acceptable sampling reporting schedule shall be
followed.
I 2. Adequate records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking
the amount of wastewater disposed. These records shall
include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following
information:
a. date of irrigation,
b. volume of wastewater irrigated,
c.field irrigate4,
d.length of time field is irrigated,
e. continuous weekly, monthly, and year-to-date hydraulic
(inches/acre) loading for each field,'
f. weather conditions, and
g. maintenance of -cover crops.
3. The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored by
the Permittee at the point prior to irrigation every. March,
July, and November for the following parameters:
BOD5 TSS
Iron Nitrate as N
TKN Chloride
Total Coliform pH
NH3 as N Sodium
Magnesium Calcium
Sodium Adsorption Ratio by Calculation
4

= 4. Three (3) copies of all operation and disposal records (as
specified in Condition III. 2.) on Form NDAR-1 "shall be
submitted on or before the last day of the following month.
Three (3) copies of all effluent monitoring data (as specified
in Condition III. 3.) on Form NDMR-1 shall be submitted on or
before the last day of April, August, and December.' All
information shall be submitted to the following address:
NC Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Section
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit
1617 Main Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
5. A representative annual soils analysis (Standard Soil Fertility
Analysis) shall be conducted on each spray field and the
results maintained on file by the Permittee for a minimum of
five years. The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall
include, but is not necessarily limited to, the following
parameters:
Acidity Manganese Potassium
Calcium Percent Humic Matter Sodium
Copper pH Zinc
Magnesium Phosphorus
+, Cation Exchange Capacity Base
Saturation (by calculation)-
6. Non -Compliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to the Asheville
Regional Office, telephone number [phone], as soon as
possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the
occurrence'of any of the following:
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which
results in the treatment of significant amounts of wastes
which *are abnormal in quantity or characteristic, such as
the dumping of the contents of a sludge digester; the known
passage of a slug of hazardous substance through the
facility; or any other unusual circumstances.
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons,
that render the facility incapable of adequate wastewater
treatment such as mechanical or electrical failures of
pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.
c.Any failure of a pumping station,, sewer line, or treatment;.-'.._
facility resulting in a by-pass directly to receiving waters-_-
5

without treatment of all or any portion of the influent to
such station or facility.
d. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the
facility has gone out of compliance with its permit
limitations.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file
a written report in letter form within five (5) days following
first knowledge of the occurrence. This report must outline
the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the
problem does not recur.
IV. GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
1. The three (3) existing monitor wells (MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4) shall
- be sampled every May and November for the following parameters:
Nitrate Nitrogen Ammonia Nitrogen
TDS TOC
pH Water Level
Fecal Coliforms Chloride
Tr" Volatile Organic Compounds (in November only)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) by one of the following methods:
(A) Standard Method 6230D, PQL at 0.5 ug/L or less
(B) Standard Method 6210D, PQL at 0.5 ug/L or less
(C) EPA Method 8021; Low Concentration, PQL at 0.5 ug/L less
(D). EPA Method 8260, Low Concentration, PQL at 0.5 ug/L or less
(E) Another method with prior approval by the Groundwater Section
Chief
Any method used must meet the following qualifications:
(1) A laboratory must be DWQ certified to run any method used.
(2) The method used must, at a minimum, include all the
-- constituents listed in Table VIII of Standard Method 6230D.
(3) The method used must provide a pql of 0.5 ug/L or less must
be supported by laboratory proficiency studies as required by
the DWQ Laboratory Unit. Any constituents detected above the
MDL but below the PQL of 0.5 ug/L be qualified (estimated)
and reported.
The measurement of water levels must be made prior to sampling
for the remaining .parameters. The depth to water in each well
shall be measured from the surveyed point on the top of the
casing. _
6 _.

"'If TOC concentrations greater than 10 m
g g/-1 are"- "detected in any
downgradient monitoring well, additional ._sampling and analysis
must be conducted to identify the individual constituents
comprising this TOC concentration. If the TOC concentration as
measured in the background monitor well exceeds 10 mg/1, this
concentration will be taken to represent the naturally occurring
TOC concentration. Any exceedances of this naturally .occurring
TOC concentration in the downgradient wells shall be subject to
the additional sampling and analysis as described above.
If any volatile organic compounds are detected 'by the methods
listed, then the Asheville Regional Office groundwater
supervisor, Landon Davidson, at telephone_:, number 828/251-6208,
ext. 301 must be contacted immediately for further instructions
regarding any additional follow-up analyses required. The
results of all initial and follow-up analyses must be submitted
simultaneously.
The results of the sampling and analysis must be received on Form
GW-59:(Groundwater Quality Monitoring: Compliance Report Form) by
the Groundwater Section, Permits and .Compliance._. Unit, '.1636 Mail
Service Center,.. Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1636 on or before the last
working day.of the.month following the sampling month.
2. Any additional groundwater quality monitoring, as deemed
necessary by the Division, shall be provided.
3. The COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by
regulations in 15A NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and
Standards. The Compliance Boundary for a disposal system
individually permitted prior to December 31, 1983 is established
at either (1) 500 feet from the waste disposal area, or (2) at
the property boundary, whichever is closest to the waste disposal
area. An .exceedance of Groundwater Quality Standards at or
beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject to immediate
remediation action in addition to the penalty provisions
applicable under General Statute 143-215.6A(a)(1).
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2L, a REVIEW BOUNDARY is established
around the disposal systems midway between the Compliance
Boundary and the perimeter of the waste disposal area. Any
exceedance of standards at the Review Boundary shall require
remediation action on the part of the permittee.

- V. INSPECTIONS __._..
! 1. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be
q P g
provided by the Permittee to insure proper operation of the
subject facilities.
2. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater
treatment and disposal facilities to prevent malfunctions and
deterioration, operator errors and discharges which may cause
or lead to the release of wastes to the environment, a threat
to human health, or a nuisance. 2:7he Permittee shall keep an
inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs,
or corrective actions taken by the Permittee. This log of
inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period
of three years from the date of the inspection and shall be
made available upon request to the Division or other permitting
authority.
3. Any duly.authorized officer, employee, or representative of the
Division may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and
inspect any property., premises or place on or related to the
disposal site or facility at any reasonable time for the
purpose of determining compliance with this permit; may inspect
or copy any records that must be maintained under the terms and
conditions of this permit, and may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
VI. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are
constructed in accordance with the conditions of this permit,
_the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting
data.
2. This permit is effective .only with respect to the nature and
volume of wastes described in the application and- other
supporting data.
3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a
desire for the facilities to change ownership, or there is a
name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be
submitted to the' Division accompanied by_an application fee,
documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting:
materials as may be appropriate. The approval of this request
8

__ will be considered on i+ts� merits- and may or may not be
approved . w.. _ -..
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in
this permit may subject the Permittee to an enforcement action
by the Division in accordance with North Carolina General
Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C. '
S. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee
from complying with any and all statutes, rules, regulations,
or ordinances which may be imposed by.other government agencies
(local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
6. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject
project must be retained by the Permittee for the life of the
- project .
7. The annual.administering and compliance -fee must be paid by the
Permittee within thirty (30) days after being billed by the
Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause the
- Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified
by 15A NCAC 2H .0205 (c) (4) .
8. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration
of this permit, shall request its extension. Upon receipt of
the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the
permit for such period of time and under such conditions. and
-.- limitations as it may deem. appropriate ..—._-
9. On or before January 1, 2001, the domestic wastewater currently
being treated and disposed of by Northland Cranberries' spray
irrigation system will be removed from the waste stream and
.,rerouted to public sewers.
9 ..

Permit -..:issued this the 20th day of -September, 2000
NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
K6rr T. Stevens, Director
Division of Water�tlity/V)
By Authority of the -Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0004797
r
10

ATTACHMENT E
Irrigation System Summary

Summary of Irrigation Design
A solid set spray irrigation system is being proposed for the Northland Cranberries, Inc.
-_ (Northland) spray field addition. The spray field addition is adjacent to the existing spray field at
the Northland facility. The Northland facility is located in Henderson County, North Carolina
near Mountain Home.
Spray Fields
Five additional fields are being proposed for the spray field addition. The field configurations
consider the following buffers:
- 400 feet between wetted area and any residence under separate ownership
- 150 feet between wetted area and property lines
- 100 feet between wetted area and a potable well
- 100 feet between wetted area and drainage ways or surface waters
- 50 feet between wetted area and public right-of-ways
Based on the defined buffers and the proposed sprinkler layout, the wetted area of each field is as
follows:
- Field 1
7.06 acres
- Field 2
3.42 acres
- Field 3
1.44 acres
- Field 4
13.67 acres
- Field 5
7.50 acres
The total wetted area of the spray field addition is 33.1 acres. Combined with the existing spray
fields (16.4 acres), there will be a total of 49.5 acres permitted for irrigation.
Pumping System
Design of the proposed irrigation system has been based on utilizing the existing pump system.
Max pressure required at the pump to accommodate the new application fields is estimated at
87.1 psi. This may require the activation point of the current pressure relief valve to'be
increased. Modification to the existing piping system will be required to connect the new piping
system to the current pump and piping system. The modification will include the installation of
a "Tee" and two isolation valves to segregate the existing and proposed systems.
Pipe System
The piping system for the spray field addition is based on Class 160 IPS PVC pipe. Nominal
pipe sizes required for the spray field addition include 2", 311, 411, 6" and 8" pipe. The
approximate amount of each size pipe required is estimated as follows:
1

- 2 inch
7,000'
- 3 inch
6,600'
- 4 inch
2,700'
- 6 inch
2,400'
- 8 inch
4,200'
The total estimated length of pipe required to reach the five additional spray fields is 22,900'.
The smaller pipe sizes (2" - 4") will be joined using a solvent weld connection and the large pipe
sizes (6" and 8") will consist of bell and gasket pipe. The bell and gasket pipe will be supported
using poured concrete thrust blocks. Transitions between the bell and gasket pipe and the solvent
weld pipe will be accomplished using mechanical joint fittings.
Sprinkler Heads
Rainbird Model 70CVM 1" sprinklers with 1/4" nozzles have been selected for the spray field
addition. These sprinklers have a plugged rear spreader which has been selected to reduce the
precipitation rate of the sprinklers (reduce the potential for runoff). Operating pressures for the
sprinkler heads will range from approximately 40 psi to approximately 55 psi with the different
design pressures due to the extensive field elevation changes and the friction losses that will be
incurred in the irrigation pipelines. The design discharge flowrate for the sprinklers is related to
the pressure at the sprinkler nozzle. Estimated flowrates will range from approximately 11.5
gpm to 13.6 gpm. The nominal lateral spacing and the nominal sprinkler spacing have been set
at 80 feet. Some slight modifications to these spacings has been accounted for to consider field
boundaries and required buffers. The nominal lateral and sprinkler spacings are approximately
65% of the manufacturer's listed radius of throw.
Sprinkler heads will be elevated approximately 30" above the ground surface to provide for the
design throw radius. Galvanized pipe will extend from the underground line (approximately 24"
below ground surface) to support the sprinkler heads. A protective bollard will be positioned at
each sprinkler head to support the galvanized pipe and to reduce potential damage to the
sprinkler head.
A total of 206 sprinklers will be required to cover each of the five additional application fields.
The breakdown of sprinklers by field (number per field) is as follows:
- Field 1
45
- Field 2
20
- Field 3
8
- Field 4
86
- Field 5
47
Irrigation Zones
The five additional fields have been subdivided into a total of seven (7) irrigation zones. The
2

number of sprinklers per irrigation zone ranges from 20 sprinklers to 34 sprinklers. The
breakdown is as follows:
Irrigation Zone #1
31 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #2
34 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #3
28 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #4
33 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #5
33 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #6
21 sprinklers
Irrigation Zone #7
20 sprinklers
The different irrigation zones will be managed by the use of control/isolation valves.
Precipitation Rates
With the defined sprinkler and nozzle packages, the design precipitation rate can be calculated.
Assuming the worst case situation (highest sprinkler pressure and flowrate) the calculated
precipitation rate is 0.20 in/hr. This is calculated by the following equation:
Pr ecipitation Rate =
96.3 x Sprinkler Flowrate
Sprinkler Spacing x Lateral Spacing
The calculated precipitation rate of 0.20 in/hr is much less than the measured soil infiltration
rates. This will help to minimize the potential of surface runoff during application events.
With the design precipitation rate, (0.20 in/hr) the approximate application time to meet the
intended application depth (0.80 in) is calculated at 4 hours per week.
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