20090880 Ver 3_CAMA Application_20140923

NCDENR ter'
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Coastal Management
Pat McCrory 22 September 2014 John E. Skvarla, III
Governor RESPOND TO DAVID MOYE IN THE WASHINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE Secretary
MEMORANDUM
TO: Karen Higgins
Division of Water Quality D
�
FROM: David W. Moye, District Manager, DCM SEP232O14
DEN _
943 Washington Square Mall 401 & [3 ER RESOD
Washington, NC 27889 ER pERM►TRNES
SUBJECT: CAMA/DREDGE & FILL Permit Application Review
Applicant: NC Division of Marine Fisheries Go Craig Hardy
Project Location: In Pamlico Sound, 3.5 miles north of Silver Lake in Ocracoke, in Hyde
County, North Carolina
Proposed Project: The applicant proposes to expand the boundaries of the existing reef site
(AR -298) and add additional material in the Pamlico Sound, off Ocracoke.
Please indicate below your agency's position or viewpoint on the proposed project and return
this form by 13 October 2014. If you have any questions regarding the proposed project,
please contact David W. Moye at 252 -948 -3852. When appropriate, in -depth comments with
supporting data is requested.
REPLY: This agency has no objection to the project as proposed.
This agency has no comment on the proposed project.
This agency approves of the project only if the recommended changes
are incorporated. See attached.
This agency objects to the project for reasons described in the attached
comments.
SIGNED DATE
943 Washington Square Mall, Washington, NC 27889
Phone: 252 - 946 -64811 FAX: 252 - 948 -0478 Internet www.nccoastalmanagement.net
An Equal Opportunity lAffirmatneeAction Employer

DMSION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
FIELD INVFSTIGATItON REPORT
1. APPLICANT'S NAME: N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries c/o Dr. Louis B. Daniel III, Director
2. LOCATION OF PROJECT SITE: Pamlico Sound, 3.5 miles north of Silver Lake in Ocracoke in Dare
County, North Carolina
Photo Index — N/A
State Plane Coordinates - X: N/A Y: N/A GPS Rover File: N/A
3. INVESTIGATION TYPE: CAMA & D/F
4. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURE: Dates of Site Visit - N/A
Was Applicant Present - N/A
5. PROCESSING PROCEDURE: Application Received - 9/22/2014
6. SITE DESCRIPTION: Office - Washington
(A) Local Land Use Plans - Hyde County
Land Classification From LUPs - Conservation (Water)
(B) AEC(s) Involved: EW, PTA
(C) Water Dependent: YES
(D) Intended Use: Public /Government
(E) Wastewater Treatment: Existing - N/A
Planned - N/A
(F) Type of Structures: Existing - AR -298 reef structure and Oyster Sanctuary
Planned - 76.36 acres developed with recycled (crushed) concrete in
mounds, reef balls, and reinforced concrete pipe and boxes
(G) Estimated Annual Rate of Erosion: N/A
Source - N/A
7. HABITAT DESCRIPTION: [AREA)
Tn CT/"�r.T1 T7T T TT
(A) Vegetated Wetlands
s- 1.L.1.i+L
V 11ZGlt
om
LE(B)Non-Vegetated Wetlands
±114,301.4 ft2
Oyster reef
Material
(D) Total Area Disturbed: ±2.624 acres (±114,301.4 sq. ft.)
(E) Primary Nursery Area: No
(F) Water Classification: SA -HQW
Open: Yes
8. PROJECT SUMMARY: The applicant proposes to expand the boundaries of the existing reef site (AR -298)
and add additional material in the Pamlico Sound, off Ocracoke in Hyde County.

NC Division of Marine Fisheries
c/o Dr. Louis B. Daniel III, Director
Hyde County
Project setting
The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NC DMF) Artificial Reef Program
has an existing reef structure (AR -298) near Ocracoke, in the Pamlico Sound located ±3.5
nautical miles north of Silver Lake, in Hyde County, North Carolina. The existing reef was.
recognized by the Division of Coastal Management as a 10 acre site located wholly within
the authorized 28 acre Ocracoke Oyster Sanctuary site (one of 13 sites in the Pamlico
Sound complex) authorized under Major CAMA Permit No. 140 -09, issued to the NC DMF
on 3 November 2009. The existing reef site contains a 130' barge, a 104' barge, a 65' tug,
and 75 tons of concrete rubble, with a total footprint of 0.224 acre. The surrounding
Oyster Sanctuary is comprised of 70 limestone marl mounds (each 45' to 60' in diameter)
with a total footprint of 2.4 acres. The existing footprint of material is 2.624 acres or 0.09%
of the 28 acre site.
The navigation clearance over the structures was permitted for a minimum of 7' at
normal water level. The water depth at the site ranges from 16' to 22'. The site is located
in water classified SA -HQW by the Environmental Management Commission. The area
surrounding the reef is open to shellfishing. The Pamlico Sound at the project location is
Coastal Waters as classified by the N.C. Marine Fisheries and N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commissions.
Project description
The NC DMF proposes to expand the boundaries of the existing reef to encompass
76.36 acres (±3,326,300 ft2) of which ±2.624 acres ( ±114,301.4 ft2) will be filled with new
structure. The new boundaries will consist of a rectangle 1,850' by 1,798'. This expansion
will result in the reef area being the larger of the two sites with the aforementioned
permitted Oyster Sanctuary now located wholly within the boundaries of the newly
expanded reef (a reversal of the existing layout). The enlargement of the reef boundaries
includes a 90' wide buffer around the perimeter of the site that accounts for ±14.33 acres
or 18.8% of the total site. NC DMF proposes to add material to the expanded reef site as
described below;
1) Internment Reef Ball Field - located in the northeast corner of the proposed reef
boundaries within 12 grids, each 52' by 57', and encompassing an area of 0.74 acre.
This field will be located in the center of the current Oyster Sanctuary. A total of 120
internment reef balls are proposed and each grid has space for 10 reef balls. The
proposed reef balls are a mix of Bay, Pallet, and Ultra balls and each ball will contain a
small "pearl" of cremated ashes encapsulated within the concrete structure. The height
range of the reef balls is from 2' to 4.3'. This will result in a mean physical footprint of
0.04 acre (1,854 ft2) or 5% of this area. The water depth in the proposed location
averages 16' and a minimum navigation clearance of 11.7' above the internment balls
will be maintained. Figures 4 and 5 depict the location and material description of the
reef ball field.

NC Division of Marine Fisheries
c/o Dr. Louis B. Daniel III, Director
Hyde County
Page Two
2) Reef Ball Fields - located in`the northwest and southeast corners of the proposed
reef boundaries within 10 individual blocks, each 150' by 150', and encompassing
an area of 5.2 acres. 90 Reef balls are proposed in each block for a total of 900
reef balls, and each block will consist of 48 Bay balls, 24 Pallet balls, 12 Ultra balls,
and 6 Goliath balls. The height range of the reef balls is from 2' to 5'. This will
result in a physical footprint of 0.25 acre (10,986 fta) or 4.8% of this area. The
water depth in the proposed location averages 18' and a minimum navigation
clearance of 13' above the internment balls „will.be. maintained. Figures 4 and 6
depict the location and material description of the reef ball field.
3) Concrete Precast Fields — located in the southwest corner of the proposed reef
boundaries within 5 individual blocks varying in size, and encompassing an area of
4.575 acres. Approximately 110 tons of precast units will be deployed in each block
for a total of 550 tons. The concrete structures are rectangular units comprised of
waffle boxes, risers, catch basins, and solid boxes. The maximum height of the
boxes is 5'. This will result in a physical footprint of 4.575 acres (199,287 fta) or
100% of this area. The water depth in the proposed location averages 18' and a
minimum navigation clearance of 13' above the internment balls will be maintained.
Figures 4 and 7 depict the location and material description of the concrete precast
field.
4) Low Density Reinforced Concrete Pipe Fields — located on the west side (centered)
of the proposed reef boundaries within 2 L- shaped blocks, each encompassing an
area of 0.71 acre (1.42 acres total). Each site will contain 308 units of material
(230 tons) randomly placed within the area for a total of 616 units (460 tons). The
maximum height of the deployed pipe will be 3'. This will result in a physical
footprint of 0.52 acre (22,651.2 fta) or 37% of this area. The water depth in the
proposed location averages 18' and a minimum navigation clearance of 15' above
the internment balls will be maintained. Figures 4 and 8 depict the location and
material description'of the low density reinforced concrete pipe ball field.
5) High Density Reinforced Concrete Pipe Fields — located in the southeast corner of
the proposed reef boundaries within 4 individual blocks, each encompassing an
area of 0.57 acre (2.28 acres total). Each site will contain 424 units of material
(365 tons) randomly placed within the area for a total of 1,696 units (1,460 tons).
The maximum height of the'deployed pipe will be 5'. This will result in a physical
footprint of 1.72 acres (74,923.2 fta) or 75% of this area. The water depth in the
proposed location averages 18' and a minimum navigation clearance of 13' above
the internment balls will be maintained. Figures 4 and 8 depict the location and
material description of the high density reinforced concrete pipe field.
6) Oyster Sanctuary Marl Mounds — located in the northeast comer, of the proposed
reef boundaries wholly within the boundaries of the permitted Oyster Sanctuary site
authorized under Major CAMA Permit No. 140 -09. This site contains 70 circular
limestone mounds, each ±45' -60' in diameter containing ±150 tons of riprap

NC Division of Marine Fisheries
c/o Dr. Louis S. Daniel III, Director
Hyde County
Page Three
limestone that has been degraded by boring sponge. DMF proposes to add a total
of 600 tons of crushed concrete (4" — 6 ") over the existing mounds as a veneer to
create new surface area for oyster colonization. No new bottom area will be
impacted and the minimum navigation clearance of 7` will be maintained. Figures 4
and 9 depict the location and material description of the crushed concrete veneer.
Anticipated impacts
The project as proposed will result in the expansion of an existing Oyster Sanctuary
and Fishing reef from 28 acres (1,219,680 ft2) to 76.36 acres (±3,326,340 ft2) in Pamlico
Sound. The overall physical footprint of the materials proposed for the reef will be 2.624
acres (114,301.4 ft2). The project as proposed will result in localized turbidity as a result of
the material deployment. If successful, the project should result in additional shellfish and
finfish habitat in this area of the Pamlico Sound as well as additional area for oyster
recruitment. Depending on the success of materials used, the DMF will look to add
material to the other areas of the new reef boundaries through permit modification as
resources allow.
David W. Moye — 22 September 2014

Project Narrative
AR -298 Ocracoke Reef
NC Division of Marine Fisheries
Artificial Reef Program
Artificial Reef AR -298 is located in Pamlico Sound near Old House Channel in Hyde County,
approximately 3.5 nautical miles north of Silver Lake in Ocracoke. The reef site lies in approximately 16 to 22
feet of seawater, with authorized minimum vertical clearance of 7 feet at mean low water, as identified from
NOAA chart 11550(Figure 1). North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) is the permit holder for all
artificial reefs in North Carolina. In addition to the US Army Corp of Engineers General permit # 198500194,
and NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) permit # 140 -09. This proposed enhancement and boundary
expansion requires a DCM CAMA permit due to AR -298's location within North Carolina state waters.
The objectives of this permit are to: 1) Expand the reef site, 2) Bring past enhancements on the reef
site into compliance, and 3) Describe new enhancements.
The current artificial reef permitted reef site is 10 acres in size (Figure 2). Currently the NC DMF
maintains a 28 acre reef site with four buoys that encompass all material currently on the reef site, and was
permitted under the Division's Oyster Sanctuary Program (CAMA permit # 140 -09). Current materials on AR-
298 include: one 130' barge (0.1 acres), one 104' barge (0.07 acres), one 65' tug (0.014 acres), 75 tons of
concrete rubble (0.04 acres), and approximately 70 limestone marl mounds (2.4 acres), totaling 2.624 acres.
In the past, materials common to artificial reef construction were placed on AR -298 outside the permitted reef
site due to the unreliability of LORAN and early GPS units. Most material is located north of the artificial reef
permitted reef site (Figure 2), and within the 28 acre site. Therefore we propose to expand the current reef
site to accommodate the artificial reef permitted reef site, the existing material within permit #140 -09, and
allow for the proposed enhancements. The proposed expansion will increase the reef site to approximately
76 acres, which will place all existing material within the expanded reef site and allow for additional
enhancements. A 90 foot buffer has been established within the proposed 76 acre boundary. No material will
be intentionally placed within the buffer zone to assure that all enhancements will be within the proposed
boundary. The expansion of the reef site, in conjunction with an established 90' boundary described here, will
bring all permitted boundaries and existing materials into compliance and safeguard from these unintended
oversights from reoccurring.
The NC DMF proposes to enhance AR -298 with internment Reef Balls (Bay, Pallet, Ultra), standard
Reef Balls'"" (Bay, Pallet, Ultra, and Goliath), reinforced concrete pipe (various dimensions), precast concrete
units (various dimensions), and crushed concrete ( #4 and #6). All materials described are made of concrete,
common to artificial reef construction, clean and free of pollutants, and have been utilized extensively in
North Carolina artificial reef enhancements. All materials will be staged at the DMF South River Facility before
enhancements commence. Clearances for these materials will abide by the authorized minimum vertical
clearance of 7 feet as indicated on NOAA charts.
A 0.74 acre patch reef has been established for the deployment of 120 internment reef balls
contracted through Eternal Reefs, Inc (Figure 5). This patch reef lies entirely within the 28 acre site (CAMA
permit #140 -09). Eternal Reef internment balls contain a small "pearl" of cremated ashes that are
encapsulated within the concrete. The EPA has determined that this process utilizes the ashes as an inert
concrete additive and adheres to regulations regarding ocean dumping. Please refer to the Appendix A for
reference material and the accompanying Review of artificial reef sitting procedures for AR -298 for
additional information concerning reefing materials, essential fish habitat, species of note, and potential
impacts. Each 52'x57' grid has space available for 10 Eternal Reef BallsTM (Bay, Pallet and Ultra) to be deployed

during the permit timeframe. Individual footprint of each Reef BaIITM unit is: Bay (7.1ft2), Pallet (12.6ft2), and
Ultra (23.8ft2). Due to the unknown quantity of each unit to be deployed, a minimum, maximum and mean
footprint was calculated. The minimum footprint of 120 Bay Reef Balls"" is 852ft2 (3% of the 0.74 acre patch
reef), and the maximum footprint of 120 Ultra Reef Balls "' is 2,856ft2 (9% of 0.74 acre patch reef), with a mean
footprint of 1,854ft2 (5% of 0.74 acre patch reef).
An additional 900 Reef BallsT"' will be deployed in (10) 150'x150'; 0.52 acre patch reefs (Figure 6). Each
patch reef will consist of 48 Bay, 24 Pallet, 12 Ultra and 6 Goliath, for a total of 90 Reef Balls"' with a footprint
of 1,098.6 ft2 per patch reef (4.8% of the 0.52 acre patch reef). Only one of the 10 identified patch reefs will
be deployed within the 28 acre site (CAMA permit #140 -09).
Concrete precast materials will consist of rectangular units known as waffle boxes, risers, catch basins
or solid boxes, and piling cutoffs (Figure 7). These rectangular units vary in size and shape, with no units
greater than 5 feet in height and no more than 6,OOOlbs (3 tons). Approximately 550 tons of the precast units
will be deployed in 4.575 acres (Figure 7). Material will cover the entire acreage of each patch reef totaling
4.575 acres. Gag grouper and black sea bass are common inhabitants of inshore artificial reefs during their
juvenile life stages. Gag grouper are ambush piscivorous predators that use the overhanging ledges as
concealment.
Reinforced concrete pipe will be deployed in (4) 0.57 acre patch and (2) 0.71 acre patch reefs (Figure
8). The (4) 0.57 acre patch reefs are high density pipe fields, and the (2) 0.71 acre patch reefs are low density
fields. Each high density patch reef will consist of approximately 365 tons. Each low density patch reef
consists of approximately 230 tons. The concrete pipe will be deployed on two low density and four high
density fields. The high density concrete pipe patch reefs will cover approximately 75% (0.43 acres) of the
0.57 acre patch reefs. The low density concrete pipe patch reefs will cover approximately 37% (0.26 acres) of
the 0.71 acre patch reefs. The low density fields are designed to allow for sandy interstitial areas between
material clusters for ambush predators such as flounder who utilize the sandy substrate as concealment.
Other species such as Atlantic croaker, black seas bass and spot forage within these areas as well. The high
density fields provide profile which attracts pelagic species such as bluefish, Spanish mackerel and bait
species.
The existing 70 marl mounds are each approximately 150 tons of rip rap limestone that has been
degraded by the boring sponge Cliona celata. Approximately 600 total tons of crushed concrete will be
deployed over existing limestone marl mounds in varying amounts as a veneer to address the boring sponge
impact on high salinity limestone marl sites (Figure 9). The variable crushed concrete tonnage will provide
data to determine the minimum tonnage required to reduce the impact of the Cliona. The crushed concrete
will cover each of the marl mounds, burying the existing biofouling community and providing new substrate
that is unfavorable to Cliona growth. Approximate depth of the marl sites is 20 feet. Marl mounds range in
profile from 10 -12 feet, leaving 1 -3 feet of profile for the crushed concrete veneer. Adding the additional
material to the marl mounds will increase profile of these mounds, but NCDMF deployment methodology will
ensure that minimum vertical clearances will not be violated and ensure that each mound is successfully
covered. Divers, side scan sonar and depth measurement will be used to determine crushed concrete
coverage and the mound's new profile. Mounds will be selected based on dimensions, profile and location
within the reef site (black box, Figure 9). Finally, the crushed concrete will be deployed over existing mounds
and will not increase the footprint of proposed enhancements and will not disturb additional soft bottom
sediment.
Deployment of the internment Reef BallsT°" will be conducted by a contractor yet to be determined.
DM artificial reef staff will be on site for every deployment to ensure that materials are deployed within the
internment section described in Figure 4. DMF artificial reef staff will mark the intended area with high flyer
markers to provide a visible area on the water's surface. This area will be the intended target to deploy the
internment Reef BaIIsM . This deployment procedure has been utilized in the past with success. The remaining
materials (standard Reef BallsTM, reinforced concrete pipe, precast concrete units and crushed concrete), will

be deployed using the NC DMF;vessel M/V West Bay. This vessel is a 135' ex- military landing craft converted
to perform habitat enhancement for the artificial reef and oyster sanctuary programs. Material will be
deployed off the M/V West Bay via front end loader /fork lift and placed overboard within designated locations
described in this narrative. DMF artificial reef staff will be on site for each deployment to mark individual
patch reef boundaries, assist the M/V West Bay during deployment operations, and perform oversight to
insure adherence to the permit requirements. Side scan data will be collected during and after all
deployments to ensure that materials were deployed within the area specified.
In summary this permit proposes to: 1) Expand the reef site from its permitted 15 acres to 76 acres, 2)
Create a 90' buffer between all materials and the outer boundary, and 3) Deploy a footprint of approximately
619,205.4ft2 (14.215 acres) to increase the material footprint from 114,301.4ft2 (2.624 acres) to approximately
712,815.8ft2 (16.840 acres). This will fill the 76 acre proposed reef site to approximately 22% of capacity.
Figure 10 describes the buoying system used on estuarine artificial reef sites.
A public comment meeting was held on June 17,, 2014 in Ocracoke, NC to discuss the proposed
objectives with interested stakeholders. There were no objections voiced during the meeting concerning the
enhancement of this reef site.

UNITED STATES ENVIRONUENTAL P90TECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
ATLANTA M)tRALCENTER
01 FORSYTH STREET
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303-8960
Don Brawlev
Eternal Reefs, Inc. June 23, 1999
1066 Berkeley Road
Avondale Estates, CA 3000' .1
Dear Mr. Bruwley:
Than you for your June, 17, 1999 letter concerning the potential for
environmental -impacts due to the use ofcremated human remitins used is an ingredient in
concrete reef structures.
The use of any acceptable materials for the construction of artir JCW reef Structures
is considered to be fisheries enhancement and is, therefore, exempt from ocean'dumpmig.
regulations as per 40 Cwt S ubchapter 1A um
—Ocean D'*'
. ping, Part 20. "Artificial reef siting
and'c , onstiuction is permitted by the- U3. Arrivy Corps of Engineers and managed by the
'respective state, within whose watery the reef; are located.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not support the use of materials
for the creation . of fisheries habitat that have1the potential to release toxic substances in
conceniration,so,rainountisufficient-to,causeaji unacceptable adverse to Me
marine enVironmeht. The cremated human remains are used in small amounts "as an
additive to concrete reef structures tures and are relatively benign chemically. Mditionall'y, the
stability of the concrete structures results ' in a low probability that substances- therein will
b� available to the,inarine environment. As such we can find no reason to , believe that any
unacceptable environmental impact 9 likely as a, result of the use of cremate human
remains in concrete artificial reef structures.
If You have any additional questions or cotnirwnts please call me at (404) 56279387
or Chris McArthur at (404)' 562 - 9'391.
Si erel I r__
Oland E, Ferry
Coastal Programs
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Business Name
Project Name (if applicable)
Nc Division Of Marine Fisheries
AR -298 Ocracoke Reef
Applicant 1 � First Name
MI
Last Name
Harry
C
Hardy
Applicant 2: First Name
MI
Last Name
Gregory
W
Bodnar
If additional applicants, please attach an additional page(s) with names listed
Mailing Address
PO Box
City
State
3441 Arendell Street
769
Morehead City
NC
ZIP
Country
Phone No.
FAX No.
28557 0769
Carteret
252 - 808 - 8053 ext.
252 - 726 - 9218
Street Address (if different from above)
City
State
ZIP
Email
craig.hardy @ncdenr.gov, gregg.bodnar @ncdenr.gov
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Agent/ Contractor 1 First Name
MI
Last Name
Agent/ Contractor 2- First Name
MI
Last Name
Mailing Address
PO Box
City
State
ZIP
Phone No. 1
- ext.
Phone No. 2
— ext.
FAX No
Contractor #
Street Address (if different from above)
City
State
ZIP
Email
<Form continues on back>
252 -808 -2808 .. 1- 888- 4RCOAST .. www.necoastalmanagement.net

Form DCM MP -1 (Page 2 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
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Street Address
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Hyde
N/A
d. Approximate elevation of tract above NHW (normal high water) or
Subdivision Name
City
State
Zip
N/A
N/A
NC
27960-
Phone No.
Lot No.(s) (if many, attach additional page with list)
- - ext.
,
a. In which NC river basin is the project located?
b. Name of body of water nearest to proposed project
Tar - Pamlico
Pamlico Sound
c. Is the water body identified in (b) above, natural or manmade?
d. Name the closest major water body to the proposed project site.
®Natural ❑Manmade ❑Unknown
Pamlico Sound
e. Is proposed work within city limits or planning jurisdiction?
f. If applicable, list the planning jurisdiction or city limit the proposed
❑Yes ®No
work falls within.
State Waters
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a. Total length of shoreline on the tract (ft.)
b. Size of entire tract (sq.ft.)
N/A
3,326,131.4 sq ft (76 acres)
c. Size of individual lot(s)
d. Approximate elevation of tract above NHW (normal high water) or
NWL (normal water level)
(If many lot sizes, please attach additional page with a list)
-16 to -22 FSW ❑NHW or ®NWL
e Vegetation on tract
None
f. Man -made features and uses now on tract
Existing artificial reef material. Approximately 70 limestone marl mounds (2.4 acres), 130ft. barge (0.1 acres), 104ft. barge
(0.07 acres), 75 tons of concrete rubble (0.04 acres), 65ft. tug (0.014 acres). Please refer to the narrative for additional
information on material description.
g. Identify and describe the existing land uses adjacent to the proposed project site.
Residential and Commercial
h. How does local government zone the tract?
i Is the proposed project consistent with the applicable zoning?
N/A
(Attach zoning compliance certificate, if applicable)
❑Yes ❑No ®NA
j. Is the proposed activity part of an urban waterfront redevelopment proposal? ❑Yes ®No
k Hasa professional archaeological assessment been done for the tract? If yes, attach a copy. []Yes ®No ❑NA
If yes, by whom?
I. Is the proposed project located in'a National Registered Historic District or does it involve a ❑Yes ❑No ®NA
National Register listed or eligible property?
<Form continues on next page>
252 - 808 -2808 .. 9- 888.4RCOAST ., www.nccoastalmanagement.net

Form DCM MP -1 (Page 3 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
m. (i) Are there wetlands on the site? ❑Yes ®No
(ii) Are there coastal wetlands on the site? ❑Yes ®No
(iii) If yes to either (i) or (ii) above, has a delineation been conducted? ❑Yes ®No
(Attach documentation, if available)
n Describe existing wastewater treatment facilities.
N/A
o. Describe existing drinking water supply source
N/A
p. Describe existing storm water management or treatment systems.
N/A
- -s-` -r. - - .•= �'Y: *..5':' - •- *:.a- - rub =a*' -'s - _ :E:.' - "S':,„. \y.��titi ��^2;= 's°r;aYa��``t;.3::: :.rc'•`t�`v = ?_` a= � "';�.- `w"'..`- ;'.ix: o: }9.x��
a. Will the project be for commercial, public, or private use? ❑Commercial ®Public/Government
❑Private /Community
b Give a brief description of purpose, use, and daily operations of the project when complete
Provide habitat for recreationally and commercially important finfish species. These structures will provide essential fish
habitat for juvenile and adult life stages of finfish, crustaceans and invertebrates. Anticipated activities include recreational
fishing and scuba diving.
c. Describe the proposed construction methodology, types of construction equipment to be used during construction, the number of each type
of equipment and where it is to be stored.
Deployment of the internment Reef BaIISTM will be conducted by a contractor yet to be determined. DMF artificial reef staff
will be on site for every deployment to ensure that materials are deployed within the internment section described in Figure 4.
DMF artificial reef staff will mark the intended area with high flyer markers to provide a visible area on the water's surface.
This area will be the intended target to deploy the internment Reef BalISTM. This deployment procedure has been utilized in
the past with success. The remaining materials (standard Reef BallSTM, reinforced concrete pipe, and precast concrete
units), will be deployed using the NC DMF vessel MN West Bay. This vessel is a 135' ex- military landing craft converted to
perform habitat enhancement for the artificial reef and oyster sanctuary programs. Material will be deployed off the MN
West Bay via front end loader /fork lift and placed overboard within designated locations described in the narrative. DMF
artificial reef staff will be on site for each deployment to mark individual patch reef boundaries, assist the MN West Bay
during deployment operations, and perform oversight to insure adherence to the permit requirements. Side scan data will
be collected during and after all deployments to ensure that materials were deployed within the area specified.
d List all development activities you propose.
Request for major permit modification to create:
Expand the reef site from the current 15 acres to 76 acres
(1) 0.74 acre patch reef containing 120 Reef BallSTM
(10) 0.52 acre patch reefs containing 90 Reef BallsTm per patch reef
(2) 1.03 and (3) 0.815 acre patch reefs containing approximately 550 tons of concrete precast units
(2) 0.71 acre patch reefs containing approximately 115 tons of reinforced concrete pipe per patch reef
(4) 0.57 acre patch reefs containing approximately 365 tons of reinforced concrete pipe per patch reef
(5) Approximately 600 tons of 4 " -6" crushed concrete used to cover limestone marl mounds
e. Are the proposed activities maintenance of an existing project, new work, or both Both
f. What is the approximate total disturbed land area resulting from the proposed project? New 11.57 Existing 2.624
The crushed concrete veneer
described in the narrative and
Figure 9 will not disturb any
additional substrate as it will be
deployed onto prexisting marl
mounds.
❑Sq.Ft or ®Acres
252 -808 -2808 .. 1- 888- 4RCOAST .. www.necoastaI management. not

Form DCM MP -1 (Page 4 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
<Form continues on back>
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a. A project narrative.
b. An accurate, dated work plat (including plan view and cross - sectional drawings) drawn to scale. Please give the present status of the
proposed project Is any portion already complete? If previously authorized work, clearly indicate on maps, plats, drawings to distinguish
between work completed and proposed.
c. A site or location map that is sufficiently detailed to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the site.
d. A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other instrument under which the applicant claims title to the affected properties.
e The appropriate application fee. Check or money order made payable to DENR.
f. A list of the names and complete addresses of the adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners and signed return receipts as proof that such
owners have received a copy of the application and plats by certified mail. Such landowners must be advised that they have 30 days in
which to submit comments on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Management.
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g. A list of previous state or federal permits issued for work on the project tract. Include permit numbers, permittee, and issuing dates.
US Army Corp of Engineers general permit #198500194 Expires December 31, 2016
CAMA 140 -09
h Signed consultant or agent authorization form, if applicable.
i. Wetland delineation, if necessary.
j A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront and inlet areas. (Must be signed by property owner)
k. A statement of compliance with the N.0 Environmental Policy Act (N.0 G -S. 113A 1 -10), if necessary. If the project involves expenditure
of public funds or use of public lands, attach a statement documenting compliance with the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act.
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:�ti �.� -�_ x,�;,.��;�z���2��«a,�aat7�� ,r�^ ` .�- .,.,��<, i �ie�.�,'.r= �.� �, n�• .z�,... ° - .. , ,tea. _ ,. ., �.
I understand that any permit issued in response to this application will allow only the development described in the application
The project will be subject to the conditions and restrictions contained in the permit.
g. Will the proposed project encroach on any public easement, public accessway or other area
that the public has established use of?
®Yes
❑No
❑NA
h Describe location and type of existing and proposed discharges to waters of the state.
None
i. Will wastewater or stormwater be discharged into a wetland?
If yes, will this discharged water be of the same salinity as the receiving water?
❑Yes
❑Yes
❑No
❑No
®NA
®NA
j Is there any mitigation proposed?
If yes, attach a mitigation proposal.
❑Yes
❑No
®NA
<Form continues on back>
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a. A project narrative.
b. An accurate, dated work plat (including plan view and cross - sectional drawings) drawn to scale. Please give the present status of the
proposed project Is any portion already complete? If previously authorized work, clearly indicate on maps, plats, drawings to distinguish
between work completed and proposed.
c. A site or location map that is sufficiently detailed to guide agency personnel unfamiliar with the area to the site.
d. A copy of the deed (with state application only) or other instrument under which the applicant claims title to the affected properties.
e The appropriate application fee. Check or money order made payable to DENR.
f. A list of the names and complete addresses of the adjacent waterfront (riparian) landowners and signed return receipts as proof that such
owners have received a copy of the application and plats by certified mail. Such landowners must be advised that they have 30 days in
which to submit comments on the proposed project to the Division of Coastal Management.
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g. A list of previous state or federal permits issued for work on the project tract. Include permit numbers, permittee, and issuing dates.
US Army Corp of Engineers general permit #198500194 Expires December 31, 2016
CAMA 140 -09
h Signed consultant or agent authorization form, if applicable.
i. Wetland delineation, if necessary.
j A signed AEC hazard notice for projects in oceanfront and inlet areas. (Must be signed by property owner)
k. A statement of compliance with the N.0 Environmental Policy Act (N.0 G -S. 113A 1 -10), if necessary. If the project involves expenditure
of public funds or use of public lands, attach a statement documenting compliance with the North Carolina Environmental Policy Act.
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I understand that any permit issued in response to this application will allow only the development described in the application
The project will be subject to the conditions and restrictions contained in the permit.

Form DCM MP -1 (Page 5 of 5)
APPLICATION for
Major Development Permit
I certify that I am authorized to grant, and do in fact grant permission to representatives of state and federal review agencies to
enter on the aforementioned lands in connection with evaluating information related to this permit application and follow -up
monitoring of the project.
I further certify that the information provided in this application Is truthful to the best of my knowledge.
Date /!F ,e Print Name.
Signature�rl:.-
Please indicate application attachments pertaining to your proposed project.
®DCM MP -2 Excavation and Fill Information ❑DCM MP -5 Bridges and Culverts
❑DCM MP -3 Upland Development
❑DCM MP4 Structures Information
252- 808 -2$49 i- 808- 4RCOASii ��rx�vr� .�a�ca�s @��a?sa�aager�ueraf.��k

Form DCM MP -2
7 b711
(Except for bridges and culverts)
Attach this form to Joint Application for CAMA Major Permit, Form DCM MP -1. Be sure to complete all other sections of the Joint
Application that relate to this proposed project. Please include all supplemental information.
Describe below the purpose of proposed excavation and /or fill activities. All values should be given in feet.
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C
mx °:;- �a:r� -_ - .k.�;, _ ;'"� � •� <p .r:�..- e�,.�.s;,. �,r:a2;k �'7=x. ,ni�-s ��2,+�. �. :,;-'t.,2.4. s�»� -;x ... �_t. ;r�"z...- _s"'.�vr -�, .a - - ,,,C��_. ,., .,��
a. Amount of material to be excavated from below NHW or NWL in b Type of material to be excavated.
cubic yards.
c. (i) Does the area to be excavated include coastal wetlands /marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
(ii) Describe the purpose of the excavation in these areas.
d. High - ground excavation in cubic yards.
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=6-i Qisp a7/°7Bs. G/&K+i!' ,C�O =��` "li �'.` ��lP9B. --�`'° nr'n. "`' ,;;s, kF ,"? :;.w .,. - ,., °a' - �t�,�_ .: •; w' "� -�.:�; <; .r;c,
� - �.. _�.�� s,_�.,G .�;e�.,.,��,..�.�<,�.W �sw�� ��K�'�,�� �1'his'sectron�not:appticable•�
,.�t�i.,�: =H sa; :.�;.�`.^�"^' i.�:� - ,�n.,� -m,+�,a >:�",- _ t'S'�"�'.%�k _ �,I,'�;. :...^<..., t�. ,.;e•r;�c` -�" - �.� ^��. _ter „�`,�
a Location of disposal area. b Dimensions of disposal area.
c. (i) Do you claim title to disposal area?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If no, attach a letter granting permission from the owner.
e (i) Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands /marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
(ii) Describe the purpose of disposal in these areas-
d. (i) Will a disposal area be available for future maintenance?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, where?
f (i) Does the disposal include any area in the water?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, how much water area is affected?
252- 808 -2808 ;. 1- 888- 4RCOAS'f :; www.nccoastalmana-qement.net revised: 12126/06
Access
Other
Channel
Rock
(excluding
Canal
Boat Basin
Boat Ramp
Rock Groin
(NLW or
Breakwater
shoreline
NWL)
stabilization)
Length
1,850
Width
1,798
Avg. Existing
O
16 -22ft at
Depth
,. x °t- <t, ,.
, . -pry t,,
MLLW
'+? Fx�k .��w: y,': +�„�.;,.u,<•:�
sue" `<,:fr�:��z,`�'
Final Project
<9 -15ft
Depth'
IVA',` ;y=R`m`£
"51VA>h
navigational
4� *s4ry nr4,r
; `
clearance
T
.= ;:: 4." r r
n:i"t,x 'ST "!';� �✓`:"�" �w�- 5i ^� "+ >. %grR. :»��- 1�,•. "��3 ": "Y Z�.�� � iM.� ii'�,_. "H°n ":1�^�:. *'ciSa,� - � +`.* $^I�:
�a�a �,HeN\ rl'� `v'., .'Ft:.fw` ,Y- t:r <vl"G«.. .r, -x ..{i?:2 Y.•.`.: iy,4e.-.F- '3't:Y.. ..� .,'�,{.*'I' #,'#1e,t r;,;j'.'��l�aikY`y�..�`:. : "- ;N`t�.e.*'�"r»r3Y;?u',�++�`,: :'"�.— �`;: °.' -
C
mx °:;- �a:r� -_ - .k.�;, _ ;'"� � •� <p .r:�..- e�,.�.s;,. �,r:a2;k �'7=x. ,ni�-s ��2,+�. �. :,;-'t.,2.4. s�»� -;x ... �_t. ;r�"z...- _s"'.�vr -�, .a - - ,,,C��_. ,., .,��
a. Amount of material to be excavated from below NHW or NWL in b Type of material to be excavated.
cubic yards.
c. (i) Does the area to be excavated include coastal wetlands /marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
(ii) Describe the purpose of the excavation in these areas.
d. High - ground excavation in cubic yards.
�'.,{�,. - ;y-"a „�nx.- �n-n ti:-a, „r ';�;8^.;•.-n,= Y"r,,�` ,z�:�,•,y ..A. e • •ue„s..,.`t* ._.s >�.�.�'y -�. = .NFL', =` .tom .:,M`x �,�,k-,.�. ,.. ,..�.;,�; _is`.x �_�;;-
q gam+ g��gg t =��//a /�,/ ;@- g� Ap g .:.= "M-;, =���a ^'�v`..`s. .wr,,x?3s�,'t; .,.cyv,= -- _'_x`?_ =.� •-..; '4.< .'�`,
=6-i Qisp a7/°7Bs. G/&K+i!' ,C�O =��` "li �'.` ��lP9B. --�`'° nr'n. "`' ,;;s, kF ,"? :;.w .,. - ,., °a' - �t�,�_ .: •; w' "� -�.:�; <; .r;c,
� - �.. _�.�� s,_�.,G .�;e�.,.,��,..�.�<,�.W �sw�� ��K�'�,�� �1'his'sectron�not:appticable•�
,.�t�i.,�: =H sa; :.�;.�`.^�"^' i.�:� - ,�n.,� -m,+�,a >:�",- _ t'S'�"�'.%�k _ �,I,'�;. :...^<..., t�. ,.;e•r;�c` -�" - �.� ^��. _ter „�`,�
a Location of disposal area. b Dimensions of disposal area.
c. (i) Do you claim title to disposal area?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If no, attach a letter granting permission from the owner.
e (i) Does the disposal area include any coastal wetlands /marsh
(CW), submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB),
or other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ❑None
(ii) Describe the purpose of disposal in these areas-
d. (i) Will a disposal area be available for future maintenance?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, where?
f (i) Does the disposal include any area in the water?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, how much water area is affected?
252- 808 -2808 ;. 1- 888- 4RCOAS'f :; www.nccoastalmana-qement.net revised: 12126/06

Form DCM MP -2 (Excavation and Hill, Page 2 of 3)
a. Type of shoreline stabilization:
❑Bulkhead ❑ Riprap ❑Breakwater /Sill ❑Other:
c. Average distance waterward of NHW or NWL:
e Type of stabilization material:
g Number of square feet of fill to be placed below water level
Bulkhead backfill Riprap
Breakwater /Sill Other
i. Source of fill material.
b Length:
Width:
d. Maximum distance waterward of NHW or NWL:
f. (i) Has there been shoreline erosion during preceding 12
months?
❑Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, state amount of erosion and source of erosion amount
information
h. Type of fill material
'.,:�T �3^..�:,m _-`..?.- �k ,; ,.- ._. - zw ,�+<-,� �25�:x � r. x k'> �S-F - �«...:^� - - .� .'. �A ?=.sy;d: ^ : -�� -=;- ••= k *- .. .:q.;$43: �' � :i % . ..,:.V. ° .q:..m� sec #oa t Y a� - a
nnQt,a2 P:.cP r
s•Y - � �+4-t•u..- .x- i.�t�^•'0••• � i„ p,. lb':±e..+�v \t.
�� Exclutliri Shorelme,2Stabrtrra�ion �,.;� � ,, �. - r.g �. ��: �� �� __ �^ °�:.� -- � �,: tt�� ` ��� _ -� ;,� �:_,� �, #��• �_ =;f
a. (i) Will fill material be brought to the site? ®Yes El No El NA b. (i) Will fill material be placed in coastal wetlands /marsh (CW),
If yes,
(ii) Amount of material to be placed in the water Internment
Reef Ball dependant on size of Reef Ball. Bav Ball = 750lbs.
Pallet Ball = 2,200lbs and Ultra Ball = 4 500lbs. At 120 total
units of largest Reef Ball size (Ultra) = 540.000lbs (270 tons).
NE Reef Ball Group = 36 Goliath, 72 Ultra 144 Pallet and 288
Bay totalling 1,072,800 Ibs (536 4 tons).
Low density reinforced concrete pipe = Approximately
460.000 Ibs (230 tons)
High density reinforced concrete pipe = Approximately
730.000 Ibs (365 tons)
Concrete waffle box = Approximately 1100,000 Ibs. (550
tons
Reef Ball / Pipe Group = 24 Goliath, 48 Ultra 96 Pallet, 192 ,
Bay totalling 715,200 lbs. (357.6 tons)
Approximately 600 tons of 4 " -6" crushed concrete used to
cover limestone marl mounds
(iii) Dimensions of fill area
Proposed reef enlargement 15 acres existing + 51 acres net
enlargement = 76 total acres
Enternment Reef Ball patch reef= 0.74 acres (maximum
footprint 2,856ft2 or 9% of patch reef)
Reef Ball patch reefs = 5.20 acres (footprint 1,098.6ft2' 10
patch reefs = 10,986ft2 or 4.8% of patch reefs)
Low density concrete pipe patch reefs = 1 42 acres
(approximate footprint 11,325.6 ft2 ' 2 patch reefs = 22,651.2
ft2 or 37% of patch reefs)
High density concrete pipe patch reefs = 2.28 (approximate
footprint 18,730.8 ft2 ' 4 patch reefs = 74,923.2 ft2 or 75% of
patch reefs)
Concrete waffle box patch reefs = 4.575 acres (approximate
footprint 199.287 ft2 or 100% of patch reefs)
Crushed concrete will cover existing limestone marl mounds
and will not increase percent fill coverage
submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), shell bottom (SB), or
other wetlands (WL)? If any boxes are checked, provide the
number of square feet affected.
❑CW ❑SAV ❑SB
OWL ®None
(ii) Describe the purpose of the fill in these areas:
N/A
252 -808 -2808 :: 1- 888- 4RCOAST :: www.nccoastaimanagement.net revised: 12/26/06

Farm VCM P -2 (Excavation nrWIF11111, Pars i of 3)
E-711
Percent fill coverage ='14.194 acres of 76 acre expanded site
Average depth on site = 16 -22ft.
Approximate proiect depth = 16 -22ft.
Approximate material profile = 9 -15ft.
(iv) Purpose of fill
The goal of North Carolina's artificial reef program is to
develop, maintain, evaluate and administer a successful
system of artificial reefs as an integral part of North
Carolina's marine fisheries management program, so as to
enhance marine fisheries habitat and public fishing and
diving opportunities.
fill material be kept on
controlled?
Concrete weights approximately 2.5 times water, Fill material is
known to resist movement after deployment. Weight per unit
ranges from 750lbs to 6,0000lbs. These materials are common
to artificial reef construction and have proved durable and stable
and have been used in NC artificial reef enhancements within
ocean waters.
c. (i) Will navigational aids be required as a result of the project?
®Yes ❑No ❑NA
(ii) If yes, explain what type and how they will be implemented.
Site is currently marked with four yellow USCG class IV buoys.
Buoy is secured to bottom via chain and a concrete sinker.
Buoys are equipped with an internal radar reflector and reflective
tape. Buoy is marked with AR #, NC Division of Marine
Fisheries, 1- 800 -682 -2632, and a Sportfish Restoration Funding
logo. Buoy locations will reflect the enlarged 76 acre reef size
(see figure 3).
Whaftype of constriction equipment will be used (e.g., dragline,
backhoe, or hydraulic dredge)?
Material is lowered to water via an all terrain front end loader or
crane from deployment vessel. Deployment vessel is MN
West Bay or Private contractor as described in narrative.
d. (i) Will wetlands be crossed in transporting equipment to project
site? ❑Yes ®No ❑NA
(ii) if yes, explain steps that will be taken to avoid or minimize
environmental impacts.
252.808.2808 :; I- 588- 4RCOAS'f °12i26/06

M S Sh-- --
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0 0.275 0.55 1.1 Nautical Miles r ' ,,. oCIrACOM
I r i i I r i r I ♦�`��. f7-rt ISM
a�
Figure 1: AR -298 Ocracoke Reef Overview
Artificial Reef AR -298 is located off Ocracoke Island, approximatey 3.5 nautical miles north of Silver Lake
in 16 -22 feet of seawater. Authorized minimum vertical clearance as taken from the NOAA chart is 7 feet
of seawater at mean low water. Legend
NC DMFArtificial Reef Program '-00 iAR-298 Proposed Boundary Line
i
Date: 8/12/2014 trio.., Hyde
Pagel of our E :,'OE BCO,O, M al Geographic,
Carteret

Figure 2. AR -298 Ocracoke existing site
The current 10 acre permitted site (blue circle outlined in black) is south of the majority of the existing
material. The NC DMF maintains a 28 acre reef site through the CAMA permit # 140-09 that
encompasses all existing material (OS Boundary). Current material includes limestone marl , 2 barges
and 1 tug boat.
NC DMF Artificial Reef Program
Date: 9/102014 11 l ico
Page 2 of ttd�c
19 ources: Esri, GEBCO, rces: Esri, GEBCO,
OAA, National Geographic, AA, National Geographic,
Legend
- 28 acres

Figure 3. AR -298 Ocracoke Proposed Expansion
The current 10 acre permitted site (blue circle) is south of the majority of the
existing material. The NC DMF maintains a 28 acre reef site that encompasses
all existing material through CAMA permit #140 -09. The proposed expansion
creates a 76 acre reef site with a 90ft. material buffer zone.
NC DMFARtificial Reef Progam
Date: 9/10 /2014
Page of
ces: Esri, GEBC
A. National Geo
t lico
•
ttnd
Esri, GEBCO,
National Geographic,
Legend
Limestone Marl
- 130ft. Barge
104ft. barge
- Concrete Rubble
- 65ft. tug
28 acres
Proposed 76 acres
Buffer Zone

A
0 40 80
NoA
i i I
160 Yards
J eY
Figure 4. AR -298 Ocracoke Proposed Enhancement Overview
Proposed enhancements to the reef site includes; Internement reef ball field, (4) Legend
High density pipe fields, (5) Precast unit fields, (2) Low density pipe fields, and
(10) Reef Ball Fields. .74 acres (120 RB)
There are 2 patch reefs that encounter the 28 acre site through CAMA permit Precast Unit Fields
#140 -09 (designated A). Reef Ball Fields
NC DMFArtificial Reef Program
- High Density Pipe Fields
Date: 8/12/2014
Pi tt ctp � Low Density Pipe Fields
Page4of9 ,
rY <d ft t� 28 acres
ouroes: Esri, 0, EBC0, roes: Esri, GEBCO, Proposed 76 acres
yyyy OAA, National Geographio, AA, National Geographic,
s Buffer Zone

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a°
NC DMF Artificial Reef Program
KerAvAriew of Artificial Reef
Siting Procedures
A synopsis of objectives, methods and materials and impacts for sitting an estuarine
artificial reef in Pamlico Sound, near Ocracoke, North Carolina, AR -298
Gregory W. Bodnar
5/1/2014

NC DMF Artificial Reef Program
of A
Keview rL
lificial Reef
Siting Procedures
A synopsis of objectives, methods and materials and impacts for sitting an estuarine
artificial reef in Pamlico Sound, near Ocracoke, North Carolina, AR -298
Gregory W. Bodnar
5/1/2014

r
Table of Contents
Section 1
Background.......................................................... ..............................3
Section 2
SittingMethods ................................................... ..............................4
Section 3
Essential Fish Habitat.. Habitat Areas of Particular Concerns and
ManagedSpecies .................................................. ..............................6
Section 4
Reef Material Categories ................................... .............................14
LiteratureCited ............................................................ .............................18
This document is intended for use by multiple agencies and organizations as a reference
guide and therefore all sections may not be applicable. Frequent updates of this document are
expected to address individual reef site uniqueness.
Page 12

Section 1
Background
The re- drafted Magnuson- Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Public Law 94-
265) calls for direct action to stop or reverse the continued loss of fish habitat, stating that habitat is an
important component of comprehensive fishery management programs. Congress mandated that the
identification of habitats was essential to manage species and measures must be taken to conserve and
enhance the identified habitat. The Act requires cooperation among multiple agencies including
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the regional Fishery Management Councils to protect,
conserve, and enhance "essential fish habitat ". Congress defined essential fish habitat (EFH) for
federally managed fish species as "those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding,
feeding, or growth to maturity ". Locally, the State of North Carolina has noted in the Coastal Habitat
and Protection Plan (CHPP) that hard bottom, including artificial reefs, provides substrate for: sessile
organisms, spawning and feeding grounds, refuge, and are negatively impacted by anthropogenic
disturbances such as dredging, nutrient enrichment; and marine debris (Deaton et al. 2010). It is the
goal of the NC Artificial Reef Program to develop, maintain, evaluate and administer a successful system
of artificial reefs as in integral part of North Carolina's marine fisheries management program, so as to
enhance marine fisheries habitat and public fishing and diving opportunities.
Enhanced reef habitat (artificial reefs and oyster sanctuaries) can be wide ranging in materials
from concrete and shipwrecks to naturally occurring materials like shell and marl. These materials
provide suitable substrate for colonization of flora and fauna.
Currently the State of North Carolina maintains 41 ocean and 8 estuarine artificial fishing reef
locations (Figure 1). These reefs range from the SC /NC to NC /VA borders ranging from 1 to 30 nautical
miles (nm) from shore, in Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds and the Neuse, Pamlico and New Rivers. The
following information has been developed for a permitted estuarine reef herein referred to as AR -298
(Figure 2). AR -298 is centered 3.5 nm north of New Silver Lake, Ocracoke, NC in Hyde County.
Enhancements to this reef site are expected to provide increased habitat for important finfish and
invertebrates, and relieve recreational fishing pressure on nearby artificial reefs thereby increasing
overall user satisfaction. This reef as proposed is within North Carolina state waters in approximately
16 to 22 feet of seawater with minimum vertical clearance has been established by the United States
Coast Guard at 7 feet of seawater. All bottom is non - vegetated and without benthic sessile organisms.
For further information on location and specific enhancement plans for this proposed reef (AR -298),
please review the accompanying CAMA documentation.
Objectives
Maintaining a successful system of artificial reefs in the ocean waters has been a North Carolina
endeavor for nearly forty years. Currently, the use of appropriated state, federal Sport Fish Restoration
(SFR), and Coastal Recreational Fishing License (CRFL) funding is directed for the enhancement of
estuarine finfish and oyster resource needs. The construction of this reef site originates from these
Page 13

funding sources and uses donated materials through contributions from civic groups and businesses
throughout North Carolina and adjacent states.
The materials utilized for artificial reef construction in North Carolina are time tested and known
to provide suitable substrate for a future thriving ecosystem. Reef BaJIST"° have been used in nearshore,
offshore, and inshore NC waters with success for over 15 years (See Reef Material Categories). Concrete
reinforced pipe and precast units have the same reputation and service history as well. This estuarine
reef will provide accessible inshore opportunities to anglers and SCUBA divers, EFH to multiple life
histories of estuarine dependent finfish species sublegal estuarine dependent finfish species
immigrating to the ocean, and transient ocean species, as well as providing hard substrate for a variety
of sessile invertebrates. All necessary permits and compliance approvals will be obtained before
construction begins. This document outlines the expansion of the reef site, as well as current
enhancements.
Section 2
Sitting Methods
Artificial reef enhancement can be wide ranging in material types from concrete modules to
steel shipwrecks and naturally occurring materials like shell and marl. In this project the proposed
enhancement materials are four sizes of Reef BaIISTM (Bay, Pallet, Ultra and Goliath). Weights will range
from 750 to 6,000 Ibs (please refer to Figures 5 & 6 located in the Project Narrative for complete
specifications). Reef BallsT' are a prefabricated artificial reef module designed to be stable and durable,
with a proven record, and are a common material used artificial reef enhancement. Both standard Reef
BaIISTm and internment Reef BaIISTM will be deployed on the reef site. Internment Reef BaJISTm are
standard units modified as a memorial. Eternal Reefs is a company that produces these internment Reef
BallsTM for individuals wishing to be laid to rest in the marine environment. Eternal Reef internment balls
contain a small "pearl" of cremated ashes that are encapsulated within the concrete. The EPA has
determined that this process utilizes the ashes as an inert concrete additive and adheres to regulations
regarding ocean dumping. Please refer to Appendix A of this document for additional information
concerning the EPA's determination.
Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) is a unit of opportunity not specifically designed for artificial reef
enhancement, but when used correctly, can create habitat similar to prefabricated units. This
enhancement will utilize various sized RCP units. These units range from 792 to 5,450 Ibs (please refer
to Figure 8 located in the Project Narrative for complete specifications). The concrete pipe will be
deployed on two low density and four high density fields. The low density fields are designed to allow
for sandy interstitial areas between material clusters for ambush predators such as flounder who utilize
the sandy substrate as concealment. Other species such as Atlantic croaker, black seas bass and spot
forage within these areas as well. The high density fields provide profile which attracts pelagic species
such as bluefish, Spanish mackerel and bait species.
Another material of opportunity, precast units, will be utilized on the reef site. These units are
rectangular reinforced concrete units commonly known as waffle boxes, catch basins, and meter vaults.
These units range in weight and dimensions, and will provide ledge habitat for a variety of demersal
finfish. Gag grouper and black sea bass are common inhabitants of inshore artificial reefs during their
juvenile life stages. Gag grouper are piscivorous ambush predators that use the overhanging ledges as
concealment.
Page 14

The existing 70 marl mounds are each approximately 150 tons of rip rap limestone that has been
degraded by the boring sponge Cliona celoto. Approximately 600 total tons of crushed concrete will be
deployed over existing limestone marl mounds in varying amounts as a veneer to address the boring
sponge impact on high salinity limestone marl sites. The variable crushed concrete tonnage will provide
data to determine the minimum tonnage required to reduce the impact of the Cliona. The crushed
concrete will cover each of the marl mounds, burying the existing biofouling community and providing
new substrate that is unfavorable to Cliono growth. Adding the additional material to the marl mounds
will increase profile of these mounds, but NCDMF deployment methodology will ensure that minimum
vertical clearances will not be violated and ensure that each mound is successfully covered. Mounds will
be selected based on dimensions, profile and location within the reef site.
Prior to any construction plans a side scan SONAR mosaic of the site was performed and
reviewed to identify possible areas of natural live bottom or archeology interest, within the
proposed construction area. There were no indications of archeologically significant structures or
live bottom within the proposed expansion.
Particular interest has been given to the following criteria. 1) Proximity to existing EFH. The
main objective to reef construction is to supplement existing EFH with manmade materials. This would
be counter - productive if existing natural EFH was damaged during the process. All efforts will be made
to place material-and new reefs sites in acceptable areas by using the CAMA review process. 2)
Availability of suitable materials. Material selection is a process that takes into account all the criteria
mentioned here in addition to stability /durability and bottom type. Stability /durability is a concern in
any reef construction project. The most optimal site is one that satisfies the definition of EFH over the
longest timeframe possible. Events such as hurricanes, prevailing winds and current movement are
taken into account at each site. Bottom type is also crucial in that sitting a material on the wrong
bottom type will reduce its stability /durability and effectiveness as EFH. 3) Dominant finfish
composition. Materials that best fit certain metrics of habitat complexity could be identified for a
dominant species. 4) Water quality factors such as hypoxic /anoxic events and other events of poor
water quality can severely reduce the effectiveness of EFH. 5) Geographical location. Commercial
fishing interests, major waterways and other anthropogenic conflicts will shape the process of
enhancing /enlarging existing reefs and the sitting of potential new reef sites. A public comment
meeting was held on June 17, 2014 in Ocracoke, NC to review expansion, enhancement, and to identify
any potential user conflicts. No user conflicts were reported for the expansion identified in the CAMA
permit documentation.
Site Evaluation Methods
1. GIS will be utilized to develop a comprehensive data set of all existing and proposed
involvement
a. existing EFH will be documented
b. side scan pre- mission planning
c. production of visual references for regulation and permitting
Potential site, including surrounding bottom will be side scanned to create a
comprehensive mosaic of site area
a. items to be identified
L existing material
Page 15

ii. permitted reef site
iii. potential expansion dimensions
iv. unknown objects identified
3. Bottom identification will be utilized to create a mosaic of bottom type
4. Development of sampling matrix for site (not applicable)
a. sampling stations will be identified through side scan and GIS
i. unknown objects
ii. sediment type (depth and extent)
5. Visual confirmation through SCUBA and video (not applicable) .
a. divers or drop video will confirm all unknown objects and sediment type for each
sampling station identified
i. water quality at surface and bottom
1. salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, secchi disk
ii. object type
iii. water depth
iv. predominant sediment type
v. predominant sediment depth (up to 7 feet)
6. Materials will be identified based on
a. availability
b. sediment type
c. durability and stability
7. All data will be utilized in GIS to develop comprehensive map of proposed construction
Sitting methods
After a permit has been approved, sitting of reef materials will begin. All materials will be
transported to or fabricated at the NC Division of Marine Fisheries facility in South River, NC. As
previously mentioned, the primary construction will be performed by NC DMF and a marine contractor
(Internment Reef BallsT"'). Though no specific marine contractor has been identified for this section of
the project, similar projects have been successfully accomplished and are the standard operating
procedure. The process is outlined with examples.
• Site evaluations and /or side scan sonar mosaics of reef site are used to determine appropriate
patch reefs within reef site boundary
o GPS coordinates are identified to develop a patch reef boundary
• Support vessels use onboard GPS to deploy high profile visual marking floats to identify
deployment locations
• Artificial Reef personnel continually monitor location of deployment vessel to ensure accuracy
• The deployment support vessel may use onboard side imaging sonar or side scan sonar
equipment to accurately mark boundaries of patch reef and gather accurate GPS numbers to
add to material database
Page 16

The remaining materials (standard Reef Balls', reinforced concrete pipe, and precast concrete units),
will be deployed using the NC DMF vessel M/V West Bay. This vessel is a 135' ex- military landing craft
converted to perform habitat enhancement for the artificial reef and oyster sanctuary programs. Material
will be deployed off the M/V West Bay via front end loader /fork lift and placed overboard within designated
locations described in the project narrative. DMF artificial reef staff will be on site for each deployment to
mark individual patch reef boundaries, assist the M/V West Bay during deployment operations, and perform
oversight to ensure adherence to the permit requirements. Side scan data will be collected during and after
all deployments to ensure that materials are deployed within the area specified and adhere to the 7 foot
minimum vertical clearance identified on the NOAA charts.
Section 3
Essential Fish Habitat, Habitat Areas of Particular
Concerns and Managed Species
Table 1 shows the categories of EFH and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern (HAPC) for
managed species which are identified in the Fishery Management Plan Amendments of the South
Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) and which may occur in southeastern Atlantic states.
Table 2 lists fish species by life history stages which may occur in the vicinity of the project area and are
managed under SAFMC. Specific fish and invertebrate species likely associated with the reef site during
one or more of the species life history stages are listed in Table 3. These fish species and habitats
require special consideration to promote their viability and sustainability. The potential impacts of the
proposed action on these fish and habitats can be seen in Table 1 and are discussed below.
Nearshore Ocean Water Column
The nearshore ocean water column is defined as a medium of transport for nutrients, larvae and
migrating organisms between river systems and the open ocean. The impact of this project is expected
to be permanent and utilize space within the water column which may in turn alter currents and
velocities in the immediate vicinity. This project will not impede the flow of waters to or from wetland
areas nor the ocean waters. This project will add hard substrate on which multiple organisms, including
encrusting species (algae, oysters, mussels, tunicates, corals, etc), motile invertebrates (crabs) and
finfish (both transient and resident species) may utilize at multiple life stages from spawn through adult.
The addition of hard substrate will enhance the available habitat used by the finfish assemblages and
the associated encrusting community. Increasing the available habitat should help increase the
available stock of reef associated species. Any impacts on the epibenthic community are expected to be
minimal and short term.
Page 17

Table 1. Categories of Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern in Southeast United
States (l) (N /A= Not Applicable; NS = Not Significant)
ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT
Present within or
adjacent to
project area
Impacts from
enhancement of
estuarine artificial reefs
Estuarine Areas
1. Aquatic Beds
NO
N/A
2. Estuarine Emergent Wetlands
NO
N/A
3. Estuarine Scrub /shrub Mangroves
NO
N/A
4. Estuarine Water Column
Yes
Permanent
5. Intertidal Flats
NO
N/A
6. Oyster Reefs & Shell Banks
NO
N/A
7. Palustrine Emergent & Forested Wetlands
NO
N/A
8. Seagrass
NO
N/A
Marine Areas
9. Artificial /Manmade Reefs
YES
YES
10. Coral & Coral Reefs
N/A
N/A
11. Live /Hard Bottoms
N/A
N/A
12. Sargassum
N/A
N/A
13. Water Column
N/A
N/A
Page 18

Table 1 Cont. Categories of Essential Fish Habitat and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern in Southeast
United States (') (N /A= Not Applicable;iNS = Not Significant)
GEOGRAPHICALLY DENFINED HABITAT AREAS OF
PARTICULAR CONCERN
Present within or
adjacent to
project area
Impacts from
enhancement of
estuarine artificial reefs
Area -Wide
14. Council- designated Artificial Reef
Special Management Zones
NO
N/A
15. Hermatypic (reef- forming) Coral Habitat & Reefs
NO
N/A
16. Hard Bottoms
NO
N/A
17. Hoyt Hills
NO
N/A
18. Sargassum Habitat
NO
N/A
19. State - designated Areas Important for
Managed Species
NO
N/A
20. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation(SAV)
NO
N/A
North Carolina
21. Big Rock
NO
N/A
22. Bogue Sound
NO
N/A
23. Cape Fear, Lookout & Hatteras (sandy shoals)
NO
N/A
24. New River
NO
N/A
25. The Ten Fathom Ledge
NO
N/A
26. The Point
NO
N/A
'Areas shown are identified in Fishery Management Plan Amendments of the South Atlantic Fishery
Management Council and are included in Essential Fish Habitat: New Marine Fish Habitat Mandate for
Federal Agencies. February 1999. (Tables 6 and 7).
Page 19

Table 2. Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Species of Pamlico Sound and AR -298
Source: E = Eggs; L = Larval; J = Juvenile; A = Adult; N/A = Not Found
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Pamlico Sound
Pamlico Sound
Bluefish
J A
Gray triggerfish
LJA
Summer flounder
LJA
Yellow jack
LJA
Gag grouper
L J
Blue runner
LJA
Gray snapper
L J
Crevalle jack
L J A
Dolphin
L J
Barjack
LJA
Cobia
LJA
Greater amberjack
LJA
King mackerel
L J
Lesser amberjack
J A
Spanish mackerel
L J A
Almaco jack
J A
Black sea bass
L J A
Banded rudderfish
J A
Spiny dogfish
J A
Spadefish
LJA
Brown shrimp
E L J A
White grunt
LJA
Pink shrimp
E L J A
Hogfish
N/A
White shrimp
E L A
Puddingwife
LJA
Atlantic bigeye tuna
N/A
Blackfin snapper
N/A
Atlantic bluefin tuna
N/A
Red snapper
N/A
Ski pjacktuna
N/A
Cubera snapper
N/A
Yellowfin tuna
N/A
Silk snapper
N/A
Little tunny
N/A
Blueline tilefish
N/A
Shortfin mako shark
N/A
Sand tilefish
N/A
Blue shark
N/A
Bank sea bass
JA
Spinner shark
JA
Rock sea bass
JA
Page 110

Table 2 cont.. Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Species for Pamlico Sound and AR -298
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Pamlico Sound
Pamlico Sound
Swordfish
N/A
Grasby
N/A
Blue marlin
N/A
Coney
N/A
White marlin
N/A
Red hind
N/A
Sailfish
N/A
Goliath grouper
J
Calico scallop
N/A
Red grouper
N/A
Scalloped hammerhead shark
N/A
Misty grouper
N/A
Big nose shark
N/A
Warsaw grouper
N/A
Black tip shark
N/A
Snowy grouper
N/A
Dusky shark
N/A
Yellowmouth grouper
N/A
Night shark
N/A
Scamp
J
Sandbar shark
J A
Speckled hind
N/A
Silky shark
N/A
Sheepshead
E L J A
Tiger shark
JA
Red porgy
N/A
Atlantic sharpnose shark
JA
Longspine porgy
JA
Longfin mako shark
N/A
Scup
J A
Whitetip shark
N/A
Thresher shark
N/A
Page (11

Table 3. Species list and life history index for Pamlico Sound and AR -298
Source: NCDMF and NMFS, Beaufort, North Carolina, October 1999.
E = Eggs; L = Larval; J = Juvenile; A = Adult; N/A = Not Found
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
EFH Fish Species
Water Body
Pamlico Sound
Pamlico Sound
Striped bass
1 A
Largemouth bass
N/A
Yellow perch
N/A
Chain pickerel
N/A
White perch
N/A
Redfin pickerel
N/A
American shad
J A
Channel catfish
N/A
Alewife
J A
White catfish
N/A
Blue back herring
J A
Bull catfish
N/A
Atlantic menhaden
J A
Redear sunfish
N/A
Atlantic thread herring
JA
Pumpkinseed sunfish
N/A
Hickory shad
JA
Atlantic sturgeon
JA
Gizzard shad
JA
Shortnose sturgeon
JA
Spotted seatrout
JA
Sea lamprey
N/A
Weakfish
JA
Tarpon
JA
Red drum
JA
Ladyfish
JA
Black Drum
E L J A
Spotfin mojarra
E L J A
Spot
E L J A
Bay anchovy
E L J A
Atlantic croaker
E L J A
Creva Ile jack
JA
Banded killifish
N/A
Fat Sleeper
N/A
Atlantic silverside
JA
Freshwater goby
N/A
Inland silverside
N/A
Naked goby
JA
Longnose gar
N/A
American eel
J A
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Table 3 cont.. Species list and life history index for Pamlico Sound and AR -298
Bowfin
N/A
Bluefish
E L J A
Bay whiff
N/A
Spanish mackerel
E L J A
Hogchoker
E L J A
Spadefish
E L J A
Southern flounder
E L J A
Gray snapper
JA
Summer flounder
E L J A
Sheepshead
E L J A
Gulf flounder
E L J A
Pinfish (inshore)
E L J A
White shrimp
E L J A
Spottail pinfish
E L J A
Brown shrimp
E L J A
Striped mullet
E L J A
Pink shrimp
E U A
White mullet
E L J A
Atlantic stingray
J A
Bull shark
JA
Intertidal Flats
This proposed estuarine reef site is 3.5nm from Ocracoke Island in 16 -22 feet of seawater. AR-
298 is not in proximity to intertidal flats of Pamlico Sound and associated tributaries, thus no impacts
are anticipated.
Oyster Reefs and Shell Banks
Due to the depth of this reef site these natural habitat types are not present in the immediate
area of this project, thus no impacts are anticipated.
Seagrass and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)
Due to the depth of this reef site no seagrass /SAV is located within the proposed project area,
thus no impacts are anticipated.
State — Designated Areas Important for Managed Species
Primary and Secondary Nursery Areas are designated by the NC Marine Fisheries Commission
and are defined as tidal saltwater areas that provide essential habitat for the early development of
commercially important fish and shellfish. This project is located in subtidal estuarine waters and is
beyond both primary and secondary areas, thus this project will not have adverse impacts on these
areas.
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Cape Fear, Lookout & Hatteras (sandy shoals)
The Mid - Atlantic Fishery Management Council has designated the areas of Pamlico Sound
adjacent to Hatteras and Ocracoke Islands as important nursery and pupping grounds for the sandbar
shark. Sandbar sharks are known to seasonally migrate along the eastern coastal United States.
Juvenile sandbar sharks remain in shallow waters until late fall at which time they move south and
further offshore, and return in the summer months (FLMNH 2003). Though this reef site is within the
sand bar shark HPAC, the NC DMF will schedule all deployment activities during the winter months to
remove any impact on the species. Therefore, deploying materials on this reef site will not impact the
sandbar shark HPAC.
Unconsolidated Soft Bottom
Surface sediments of a soft bottom can act as habitat for a variety of microscopic plants and
benthic epifauna /infauna species. These organisms may serve as food sources for other organisms, and
in turn are prey items for larger, economically important fishery species such as red drum, summer and
southern flounder, spot, Atlantic croaker, weakfish, and striped bass. The project area consists of
subtidal hard /firm bottom with depth range of 16 -22ft MLLW.
The activities proposed have been demonstrated to have minimal affects overall on this EFH
type, but it is important to consider post - settlement growth that may occur in these areas. This habitat
serves many life history stages for a multitude of species. These and future reef construction activities
will allow for the majority of the site's area to remain as undisturbed bottom and allow for a
heterogeneous bottom that should increase diversity through the transition of two or more habitats
known as "edge effect" (See Impact Summary for Essential Fish Habitat). These organisms may be
indirectly and minimally affected by filling of the substrate. Given the mobility of the organisms and the
extensive areas of soft bottom, the area of disturbance is likely to have no significant adverse effects.
Additional Project Area Concerns
In addition to EFH species in Table 1, prey species such as spot, Atlantic croaker, bay anchovy,
Atlantic silverside, and pinfish may also occupy the waters of this site in Pamlico Sound estuarine waters
during these species different varying life stages. The proposed project will not adversely affect prey
species populations, and should benefit these populations as a result of the increase in hard substrate.
Impact Summary for Essential Fish Habitat
The objectives of this project are to enhance, expand 'and develop a reef site within Pamlico
Sound estuarine system of North Carolina for the restoration /conservation of essential fish habitat.
Artificial /manmade reefs are deployed to change habitats from a soft substrate to a hard
substrate system and /or to add vertical profile. These reefs are generally deployed to provide fisheries
habitat in a desired location that provides some measurable benefit to several different species as well
as humans. When manmade reefs are constructed, they provide new hard substrate similar in function
to newly exposed hard bottom (Goren 1985). Aside from the often obvious differences in the physical
characteristics and nature of the materials involved in creating a manmade reef, the ecological
succession and processes involved in the establishment of the encrusting assemblages (i.e. oysters,
barnacles, tunicates, coral, sponges, hydroids and alga) occur in a similar fashion on natural hard
substrates and man - placed hard substrates (Wendt et al. 1989). Finfish use natural and manmade hard
substrates in very similar ways and often interchangeably (Sedberry 1988). The changes in species
composition and local abundance of important species in a specific area are often seen as the primary
benefits of artificial reef enhancement activities.
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Additional benefits of artificial /manmade reefs placed on sandy or muddy soft bottoms are the
increase of diversity and edges. The increase of biotic diversity is accomplished by adding hard
substrate where none existed. This in turn will attract organisms that settle on hard bottom but.cannot
settle on a shifting sand bottom, and in turn attract predators that feed on these sessile organisms.
Edges can be described as areas of transition between habitat types. Edges can also create areas of high
diversity, more so than over continuous areas of one habitat type. This has come to be known as the
edge effect principle. The edge created by.deploying multiple patch reefs of hard substrate onto a soft
bottom habitat may also create a habitat of its own. The edge habitat is a culmination of the two
habitats (i.e. soft and hard substrates) because it is inhabited by a characteristic subset of species from
those habitats. This has been observed on reefs where reef fishes congregate to graze on algae and are
afforded the sense of security. Sheepshead, on the other hand, patrol the edge of the substrate
foraging out into the soft bottom habitat but continuously return to hard substrate. Therefore creating
these edge effects allows species from both /habitats to inhabit the area, increasing diversity at the
location.
The physical characteristics of manmade reef habitat may result in differences in the observed
behavior of fish species on or around such structures in contrast to behavior�observed on equivalent
areas of natural hard bottoms (Bohnsack 1989). Some reef structures, particularly those of higher
profile, seem to yield generally higher densities of managed and non - managed species than a more
widely spread, lower profile, natural hard bottom (Roundtree 1989).
The ecological role of the reef as structure, providing food and protection, contribute to its
value as a critical fisheries habitat. The three - dimensional reef provides more area for attachment of
oysters and other sessile organisms and creates more habitat niches than occur on the surrounding flat
or soft bottom habitat. Clams, mussels, anemones, polychaetes, amphipods, sponges, and many species
of crabs are part of the reef community. The invertebrates recycle nutrients and organic matter and are
prey for many finfish. Red and black drum, gag, black sea bass, sheepshead, pinfish, weakfish, spotted
seatrout, Atlantic spadefish, summer and southern flounder, oyster toadfish, and other finfish are
frequent members of the reef community.
Artificial /manmade reefs are known to promote extensive invertebrate communities and
enhance habitat for reef fish and other fish species, including cryptic, tropical, and recreational gamefish
species of significance. The success of a reef and its contributions to stock enhancement varies
geographically and is determined by a wide range of complex parameters, including existing habitat,
physical limitations, material design, reef configuration, reef management, and the health of the
targeted species complex, which in turn is reliant on effective fisheries management whether local,
regional or national. This potential is further enhanced since domestic reef programs today possess
better information, improved technology and are more focused in using these tools towards specific
stock enhancement and fishery management needs.
For species which may be to some degree habitat - limited, the establishment of additional
suitable habitat targeted to specific life- history stages may improve survival. Additional manmade
habitat designed specifically to promote survival of targeted species in "protected" areas could
potentially enhance existing ecosystems or create new ones to fill in gaps where essential fish habitat
had been damaged, lost, or severely over - fished. Enhancing estuarine habitat limited species during the
juvenile life stage can further increase stocks by increasing survival rates at these critical life stages.
Perhaps the most important contribution that manmade reef technology can provide for fisheries
management efforts would be to create additional habitat and fisheries to mitigate user groups for
perceived loses due to hurricanes, disease, overfishing, and habitat loss. ,
AR -298 Ocracoke is located in the sandbar shark HPAC. Sandbar pupping occurs around May
and June, with juveniles remaining in the nursery grounds until fall. AR -298 Ocracoke deployments will
be scheduled outside these times to negate impacts to the nursery/pupping grounds for the sand bar
shark. Other free swimming organisms will be able to avoid the area directly affected by project
Page 115

activities and move to other soft bottom habitat, thus minimizing direct impacts to these organisms.
Any temporary impacts to these organisms will be outweighed by the benefits of providing additional
hard substrate by increasing food resources, available hard substrate, potential spawning habitat, etc to
the system.
Some impacts to EFH will be permanent since the deployment of reef material onto bottom will
change the availability of the bottom directly under the material. The other impact is the loss of water
column due to the "profile" of the reefs being built, although permanent, water flow impediment will be
minimal.
In contrast to the permanent impacts to the existing EFH, the ecological functions of ocean reefs
are numerous and may become an essential component of the offshore hard bottom system. While a
few EFH types will be subject to temporary impacts and other EFH categories will have permanent
impacts, these disturbances are trade -offs that will increase biomass of finfish species to help restore
populations, create habitat in a hard substrate limited system and support high diversity and multiple
ecological functions. Enhancement of existing ocean reefs or development of new ocean reefs is not
expected to cause any significant adverse impacts to any managed species and in fact will hopefully
facilitate the revitalization of Onslow Bay and its beneficiaries.
Section 4
Artificial Reef Material Categories
Materials identified for use in artificial reef construction have been reviewed by the NC artificial
reef program to determine adequate stability and durability, are made of suitable materials that will not
pose a threat to wildlife, are deployed safely and effectively, and follow guidelines for suitable artificial
reef materials published by the Gulf and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commissions (Lukens & Selberg
2004). Materials identified here do not encompass the full range of potential materials, though the
materials described for this project are contained within this section. This is intended to be a living
document due to the dynamic nature of reef construction. Materials may be added or removed to this
list as views concerning what are "acceptable" material changes, and this does not constitute a
complete listing of all materials. This document is not intended to promote, encourage or exclude the
use of particular materials, rather to give a comprehensive classification of potentially acceptable
materials. All materials used are clean of contaminates prior to deployment following required
regulations specific to the type of material.
Page 116

Article I. Concrete and related
Section 1.01 Designed reef modules
(a) Reef BalIST"', Waffle Crete, Hex cones, Reefmaker Pyramids and Ecosystems, etc
(i) These materials are generally units weighing less than 1 ton, non - reinforced or fiber
reinforced, and have been designed for use in artificial reef construction.
Section 1.02 Pre -Cast
(a) Box culvert, waffle boxes, meter vaults, wet well sections, catch basins, knockout boxes, wing
walls, buoy sinkers (USCG and DMF), reinforced concrete pipe (RCP).
(i) These materials are generally units weighing less than 3 tons, can be reinforced with metal
rebar or wire mesh, and were designed for applications other than reef material.
Section 1.03 Scrap
(a) Rubble, slab, bridge railing, dock panels, curb, sidewalk, storm RCP, crushed concrete, and
ferro cement vessels
(i) Various dimensions and weights, may or may not be reinforced, and may have been
removed from a construction site. These maybe reduced in size or whole. These materials
are clean of any contaminates (hydrocarbons, etc) before deployment.
Article II. Fiberglass
(a) Boat molds have been uses in ocean and estuarine reef construction projects however are no
longer considered acceptable and are prohibited through ACOE permit.
Article III. Natural
Section 3.01 Rock
(a) Lime stone, marl, granite, stone dredge material
(i) Natural materials that are mined from the earth, these materials are stable and durable.
Section 3.02 Shell
(a) Mollusk (clam, oyster, whelk)
(i) Harvested from natural organisms made of calcium carbonate
Article IV. Metal
Section 4.01 Vessels
(a) Trawler, freighter, barge, tanker, crew boat, tug, military, motor vessel, sailboat, etc,
N Vessels are of various sizes and profiles, and will be noted for individual minimum vertical
clearance
Section 4.02 Military Equipment
(a) Tanks, armored personnel carrier
(i) Equipment of various sizes and profiles, and will be noted for individual minimum vertical
clearance. Military equipment is known to hold up well do to their rugged construction.
Page 1 17

Section 4.03 Bridge components
(a) Bridge span, etc
(i) Spans are typically obsolete swing bridge spans. Spans and other components have been
cleaned of hydrocarbons, asphalt, etc. These can be in whole components or reduced form.
Section 4.04 Aircraft
(a) Fixed wing, helicopter (Military and Civilian)
(i) Some aircraft construction is very rigorous due to the high stress tolerances of flight.
(H) Some aircraft construction is unsuitable, i.e. large cargo plane and helicopter airframes.
Page 118

Appendix A. EPA letter stating use of cremated remains through Eternal Reefs Inc.
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4
ATLANTA FEDERAL CENTER
61 FORSYTH STREET
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30303-060
Don, Brawley
Eternal Reefs, Inc. June 23, 1999
1066 Berkeley Road
Avondale Estates, GA 3OW2
Dear Mr, Brjwley:
Thank you for your June 17, 1999 later concerning the potential for
environmental impacts due "to the use of cremated human remains used as an ingredient in
concrete reef structures.
The use of any acceptable materials fok the construction of artificial reef structures
is considered to be fisheries enhancement and is, therefore, exempt from ocean dumping
regulations as per 40 CFK Subchapter H — Oceart Dumping, Part 220. Artificial reef siting
and construction is permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and managed by the
respective state within whose waters the -reef-, are located.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not support the use of materials
for the creation offisheries habitat that have the potential to release toxic substances in
concentrations or amounts sufficient to cause an unacceptable adverse impact to the
marine e environment The cremated human remains are used in striall amounts as an
additive to comiete,reef structures and are relatively benign chemically. Additionally, the
stability of the concrete structures results in a low probability that substances therein will
be available to the marine environment. As such we can find no reason to believe 'that, any.
unacceptable euvirotu-nentalimpact is1kely as a result of the use of cremate human
remains in concrete artifieW reef structures.-
If you have any additional questions or'comments please call me at (464) 5619397
or Chris McArthur at (4-04) 562-9391.
S* cerel , 0--
fe-- —)
Roland Roland E. Ferry
Coastal Programs
Intamet Adftss (UAL) - ht1p:ffwww.4Pa4W
RftY49*P*,r,y*Wbf* -P*0dWM V49M" Olt B&SW 100 on "cled Paw (Mirgafto 2S% PowAnmne*
Page 119

Figure 1' AR-298 Ocracoko
Legehd
Artificial Reef AR-298 is locat6d- off, Odiac,&6 Jsland approximately 3.5 nautical
miles nod of Silver Lake in 16-22 feefol' semaier. Buoys
0 12.5, 25 50 Nautical Miles Ocean'Basemap
a
NC DMFArjIfici'I Reef Program
Date: SA 12014 E
Page 1 of 4 ea
Page 120

f<
t,
Literature Cited
Bahr, L.M. and W.P. Lanier. 1981. The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South
Atlantic coast: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological
Service, Washington, D.C. 105pp.
Bohnsack, J. 1989. Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat limitation or
behaviorial preference? Bulletin of Marine Science 44(2): 631 -645.
Dame, R. F. and N. Dankers. 1988. Uptake and release of materials by a Wadden Sea mussel bed.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 118:207 -216.
Dame, R. F., J.D. Spurrier, and T.G. Wolaver. . 1989. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus processing by
an oyster reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 54: 249 -256.
Deaton, A.S., W.S. Chappell, K. Hart, J. O'Neal, B. Boutin., 2010. North Carolina Coastal Habitat
Protection Plan. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Division
of Marine Fisheries, NC. 639 pp.
Florida Museum of Natural History. 2003 (FLMNH). http: / /www.flmnh.ufl.edu
Goren, M. 1985. Succession of benthic community on artificial substratum at Elat (Red Sea). Journal
of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 38: 19 -40,
Grabowski, J.H., D. Pettipas, M.A. Dolan, A.R .Hughes, and D.L.Kimbro. 2000. The economic and
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Sea Grant, Morehead City, NC, FRG # 97 -EP -6, 29p.
Harding, J.M., R. Mann. 2001. Oyster reefs as fish habitat: opportunistic use of restored reefs by
transient fishes. Journal of Shellfish Research 20(3):951 -959.
Lehnert, R.L., D.M. Allen. 2002. Nekton use of subtidal oyster shell habitat in Southeastern U.S.
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Lenihan, H.S., C.H. Peterson, J.E. Byers, J.H. Grabowski, G.W. Thayer, and D.R. Colby. 2001.
Cascading of habitat degradation: oyster reefs invaded by refugee fishes escaping stress.
Ecological Applications 11(3):764 -782.
Lukens, R.R. and Selberg, C. February 2004. Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef Materials, Second
Edition. GSMFC.iOcean Springs, MS.198pp.
Orlando, S. P. Jr., C. J. K. P.H. Wendt, M.E. Pattillo, K.C. Dennis, and G.H. Ward. 1994. Salinity
characteristics of South Atlantic estuaries. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Office of Ocean Conservation and Assessment, Silver Springs, MD, 117p.
Roundtree, R.A. 1989. Association of fishes with fish aggregation devices: effects of structure size on
fish abundance. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:960 -972.
Sedberry, G. R. 1988. Food and feeding of Black Sea Bass, Centropristis striato, in live bottom
habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 104:35-
50.
Wendt, P. H. , D. M. Knott , and R. F. Van Dolah . 1989. Community structure of the sessile biota on
five artificial reefs of different ages. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1106 -1122.
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