NC0024970_Wasteload Allocation_19900227

NPDES DOCUMENT SCANNING; COVER SHEET
NC0024970
McAlpine Creek WWTP
NPDES Permit:
Document Type:
Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Complete File - Historical
Engineering Alternatives (EAA)
Correspondence
Owner Name Change
Meeting Notes
Instream Assessment (67b)
Speculative Limits
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Document Date:
February 27, 1990
This document is printed Girt reuse paper - igriore arty.
content Girt the re'erse wide

e CAree.4._
PERMIT NO.: NCOO,24q 70
FACILITY NAME: aft)C'.v of it e
6ii5�7
Oral/ vmrf 1-Hodcafioh
Facility Status:
Permit Status:
Major '7
Pipe No.: _ 100
Minor
Design Capacity: J()
Domestic (% of Flow): 9/
Industrial (% of Flow): 9 /,1
Comments:
NPDES WASTE LOAD ALLOCATION
aseed rneefl cv%CNw)
PLOTTED
RECEIVING STREAM: MAO//Ie Cato
Class: C
Sub -Basin: Q3D$34
Reference USGS Quad: 5/55LC
County: freak/Ai/3
Regional Office: /n,Qo
Requested by:
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
42 1 ,
(please attach)
Date:
Date: 0./07,12 /90
Date: z(2 777b
Modeler
Date Rec.
•/ee ula,
Drainage Area (mi2 ) 92. c/ Avg. Streamflow (cfs): /39
7Q10 (cfs) /, 3 Winter 7Q10 (cfs) 5, 30Q2 (cfs) 7 V
Toxicity Limits: IWC cj$ % Acute hronic
Instream MonitorincT:
ormhophopne us 043, TZN NOX Tip/
Parameters I • ,
0 Jot-abo,ie oul-ra a
Upstream Y Locationcz ts Plakoo4
(s) i-k +o„AQ c Q a SC 21.01
Downstream Y Location tij(c qs', r' ofSr, iced
cSummet: 3w/wK Por Qo temp c0/X1 PH • -Ixl4xed eo' Fecal. Homily"*. al! a c.5
Effluent 1
Characteristics
Summer
Winter
N!•(3 (mca)
2
4
a) Cm6CI.P)
Le
t:-S (I / A)
3o
,30
f. (a. (t/ico, i)
20o
zoo
pH ou)
19-5'
(9-9
Cadm1om 061-6
a• b
Chitynaim /,ajaJ
5 1
Alic&.1 (i 0 )
Led (Ai?)
24
Comments: kfe fal,' d Toy charge due, i uplatal 7Q(O.
Fecal Co fiivm i
d recl )1c51L ma4) i 1a
J 4d.

RECEIVED
IliteSPN Of ENVADNIAWAl MANI�EYEM�
FEB13 1990
WASTELOAD ALLOCATiO APPROVAL
Facility Name:
NPDES No.:
Type of Waste:
Status:
Receiving Stream:
Classification:
Subbasin:
County:
Regional Office:
Requestor:
Date of Request:
Quad:
Fecal
usiwAmom
Charlotte - Mcalpine
NC0024970
91% domestic
Existing
McAlpine
C
030834
Meckle
MRO
Harfis -
12/19/88
G15SE
Creek
urg
orig.
Request No.:5016 Update
FORM
Creek WWTP
Drainage
Summer
Winter
Average
RECOMMENDED EFFLUENT LIMITS
Cadmium (ug/1) :
Chromium (ug/ 1) :
Nickel (ug/1) :
Lead (ug/l) :
Cyanide (ug/1) :
Coliform (/100m1):
Toxicity Testing Req.:
Dly Max
2.0
51
90
26
5.1
clog
O
C5o)
c5o)
(a5)
(.5)
art:
7Q 0:
7Q10:
flow:
30Q2:
FE0 2 a�yu
PERMITS & E,:GIN€[ iN
92.4
1.3
5.8
139
7.4
Mo Avg d r h
200 0000)
Chronic/Ceriodaphnia/Quarterly at
Upstream (Y/N): Y
Downstream (Y/N): Y
MONITORING
Location:
Location:
COMMENTS
98%
This approval form shows changes in draft permit based on updated
7Q10 information. Fecal coliform change based on new standard.
Recommended by:
Reviewed by
Tech Support Supervisor:
Regional Supervisor:
Permits & Engineering:
RETURN TO TECHNICAL SERVICES BY:
6
Date: a/5/4'a
Date:
Date:
Date:
MBAR 10 1990
Qin VW
zdq,

•
10/89
Facility Name
lof'e - � IDtn� C k rp
Permit # W1/CbO,2gQ 7d
CHRONIC TOXICITY ThS PING REQUIREMENT (QRTRLY)
The effluent discharge shall at no time exhibit chronic toxicity in any two consecutive toxicity tests,
using test procedures outlined in:
1.) The North Carolina Ceriodaphnia chronic effluent bioassay procedure (North Carolina Chronic
Bioassay Procedure - Revised *September 1989) or subsequent versions.
The effluent concentration at which there may be no observable inhibition of reproduction or
significant mortality is qg 9b (defined as treatment two in the North Carolina procedure
document). The permit holder shall perform quartcr/y monitoring using this procedure to establish
compliance with the permit condition. The first test will be performed after thirty days from
issuance of this permit during the months of Mai Jun Sep, Dec. . Effluent
sampling for this testing shall be performed at the WPDES permitted final effluent discharge below
all treatment processes.
All toxicity testing results required as part of this permit condition will be entered on the Effluent
Discharge Monitoring Form (MR-1) for the month in which it was performed, using the parameter
code TGP3B. Additionally, DEM Form AT-1 (original) is to be sent to the following address:
Attention: Environmental Sciences Branch
North Carolina Division of
Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, N.C. 27611
Test data shall be complete and accurate and include all supporting chemical/physical measurements
performed in association with the toxicity tests, as well as all dose/response data. Total residual
chlorine of the effluent toxicity sample must be measured and reported if chlorine is employed for
disinfection of the waste stream.
Should any single quarterly monitoring indicate a failure to meet specified limits, then monthly
monitoring will begin immediately until such time that a single test is passed. Upon passing, this
monthly test requirement will revert to quarterly in the months specified above.
Should any test data from this monitoring requirement or tests performed by the North Carolina
Division of Environmental Management indicate potential impacts to the receiving stream, this
permit may be re -opened and modified to include alternate monitoring requirements or limits.
NOTE: Failure to achieve test conditions as specified in the cited document, such as minimum
control organism survival and appropriate environmental controls, shall constitute an invalid test
and will require immediate retesting(within 30 days of initial monitoring event). Failure to submit
suitable test results will constitute noncompliance with monitoring requirements.
7Q10 /,3 cfs
Permited Flow '40 MGD Recommended by:
IWC% Q7.9
Basin & Sub -basin Cr63y
Receiving Stream fricRtptne Cry f C . ,stocu,(11_
County llksc'VenDate 215P0
**Chronic "Toxicity (Ceriodaphnia) P/F at qg %, /t?arJun &p Da , See Part , Condition .
gv13ed Lad 04 Maine e Get. '70/0 ebi7.4 .

TOXICS REVIEW
Facility: Charlotte - McAlpine Creek WWTP
NPDES Permit No.: NC0024970
Status (E, P, or M): E
Permitted Flow: 40.00 mgd
Actual Average Flow: 27.30 mgd
Subbasin: 030834
Receiving Stream: McAlpine Creek
Stream Classification: C
7Q10: 1.30 as
INC: 97.9 %
02/03/90
ver 3.0
=s.=aa=..=._.._..====o P R E T R E A T M E N T EFFLUENT DATA _==
I ACTUAL ACTUAL PERMITTED I
I or Ind. + Ind. + I ACTUAL ACTUAL
I Default ACTUAL Domestic PERMITTED Domestic 1 Maximum Weekly
Standard Acute I Removal Allowable Domestic Industrial Total Industrial Total 1 Daily Average
Pollutant AL Criteria I Eff. Load Load Load Load Load Load 1 Value Value
(ug/1) (ug/1) I t (#/d) (#/d) (#/d) (#/d) (#/d) (#/d) 1 (ug/1) (ug/1)
Cadmium S 2.0 1.79 I 92% 5.87 1.99 0.30 2.29 1 12.00
Chromium S 50.0 984 I 76% 48.92 1.99 19.87 21.86 1 79.00
Copper AL 7.0 9.2 I 82% 9.13 5.78 26.70 32.48 1 120.00
Nickel S 88.0 789 I 32% 30.39 5.98 0.95 6.93 1 293.00
Lead S 25.0 34 I 81% 30.90 9.76 8.74 18.50 1 252.00
Zinc AL 50.0 65 I 77% 51.05 29.89 20.36 50.25 1 360.00
Cyanide S 5.0 22.0 I 59% 2.86 3.99 0.21 4.20
Mercury S 0.012 2.4 I 86% 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Silver AL 0.060 1.2 I 94% 0.23 1.00 0.33 1.33 1 30.00
Selenium S S.0 20 I 80% 5.87
Arsenic S 50.0 360 I 80% 58.71
Phenols S NA I I
___-___==_M=_==_====i__.r_..... A N A L Y S
IS RE
S U L T S....=
I I Monitor / Limit / Special Condition*
I Allowable Allowable' Predicted Predicted I
I Effluent Effluent I on ACTUAL on PERMIT.' Actual Actual I INSTREAM MONITORING
Bkg I Conc. Conc. 1 Influent Influent 1 ACTUAL PERMITTED Daily Max. Wk. Avg. I Based on Based on
Pollutant Conc. I CHRONIC ACUTE I Data Data 1 Influent Influent Effluent Effluent I Actual Actual
(ug/1) I (ug/1) (ug/1) I (ug/1) (ug/1) 1 Loading Loading Data Data I Daily Max. Wk. Avg.
I I I I
Cadmium S I 2.042 1.828 I 0.804 0.000 I Limit Limit I Monitor
Chromium S 4.50 I 50.954 1004.865 I 23.029 0.000 1 Limit Limit I Monitor
Copper AL 8.40 I 6.971 9.237 1 25.663 0.000 1 Monitor Special I Monitor
Nickel S 1 89.845 805.544 1 20.685 0.000 1 Limit Limit I Monitor
Lead S I 25.524 34.488 1 15.429 0.000 1 Limit Limit I Monitor
Zinc AL 8.80 I 50.864 66.219 1 50.731 0.000 1 Monitor Special I Monitor
Cyanide S 1 5.105 22.461 1 7.559 0.000 1 Limit I
Mercury S 1 0.012 2.450 1 0.000 0.000 1 I
Silver AL 1 0.061 1.256 1 0.350 0.000 1 Monitor Special I Monitor
Selenium S 1 5.105 20.419 1 0.000 0.000 1 I
Arsenic S 1 51.048 367.548 1 0.000 0.000 1 I
Phenols S 1 0.000 0.000 1 0.000 0.000 1 I

Attention: Mr. Trevor Clements
January 3, 1990
Page 2
I.C. A Reasonable Compliance Schedule Should Be Provided
for New Permit Requirements: CMUD informed DEM that federal
Clean Water Act ("CWA"), 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq., requirements
allow for a reasonable compliance schedule to be included in a
permit if a new water -quality permit requirement is imposed
upon a permittee (even if the underlying water quality standard
has been in existence for over three years), and that EPA Office
of General Counsel opinions, EPA regulations and preamble reflect
such interpretation. DEM indicated that it would confirm such
interpretation with EPA.
DEM's November 22, 1989 letter reflected that DEM is still
investigating the possibility -of including a compliance schedule
in the permit. When DEM agrees to a compliance schedule, CMUD
will provide information to DEM regarding appropriate dates.
If DEM does not agree to a compliance schedule, 1his i, u +S J�
remains unresolved. cJ
II. EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
II.A. BOD, 5-Day Effluent Limitation And Monitoring f
Requirement Should Be Changed to CBOD: CMUD proposes to use
the CBODu test set forth in the enclosed draft section of the
new edition of Standard Methods. This would provide for twenty -
day CBODu testing of four different daily composites.
Also enclosed are articles that discuss the effect of
nitrogen -inhibiting substances that may be added to the CBOD
test. We propose to use TCMP as an inhibitor, however, we plan
to also measure ammonia, nitrate and nitrite at 5-day intervals
over the testing period.
II.B. Metal Limits: DEM has agreed to review the 7Q10 flow
statistics at the gage upstream of the plant and to change the
nickel limit to 88 ug/1 to reflect the change to the state
water quality standard.
DEM's November 22, 1989 letter, however, does not address
the discussions pertaining to the analytical detection limit
for cyanide. Inasmuch as the 5 ug/1 cyanide limit is below
current analytical detection, DEM indicated at the meeting that
it will consider providing permit language which allows CMID to
use split samples and, if one sample result is below detection
and the other split sample result is above detection, for
purposes of compliance the sample indicating cyanide below
detection would be used (as long as appropriate testing protocols
were followed). DEM response to this issue is necessary.

iNa
4
CAL OXYGEN DEMAND
Lice the 5 day test, the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand
(UBOD) determination is an empirical test in which standardized
laboratory procedures are used to determine the total oxygen
requirements of wastewaters, effluents, and river or estuarine
waters. The test estimates the oxygen required for the total
biochemical degradation of organic material (ultimate carb-
onaceous biochemical demand CBOD). The test may also measure
the oxygen necessary to totally oxidize reduced forms of
nitrogen (ultimate nitrogenous oxygen demand NOD) .
ULTIMATE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
1. General Discussion
The ultimate oxygen demand values and appropriate kinetic
descriptions are needed in water quality modeling studies.
There are three separate modeling needs: (a) ultimate BOD to 5-
day BOD ratios which are used for relating stream assimilative
capacity to - •ES )ar sPDESYpermits, (b) definition of river,
estuary, or lake deoxygenation kinetics, which is necessary for
initial estimation of model parameters, and (c) instream
ultimate CBOD values used for model calibration.
The method consists of placing a sample of single dilution
in full, air -tight bottles and incubating under specified

-2-
conditions for a period of time that will vary depending upon
wastewater, effluent, river or estuary quality (1). Dissolved
oxygen (DO) is measured (with probes) initially and at different
times for the duration of the test. This DO time series is used
to compute the ultimate BOD by an appropriate statistical
analysis.
The bottle size and incubation time are of ner7pssity flex-
ible to accommodate individual sample characteristics and
analytical laboratory limitations. Incubation temperature,
however, is specified at 20C. Most effluents and some naturally
occurring surface waters will contain more oxygen demanding
materials than the amount of DO available in air-saturatr-T3
water. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the sample or to
monitor the DO in the bottles frequently to ensure that low DO
or anaerobic conditions do not occur. When DO concentrations
approach low levels (2 to 3 mg/1), the sample is reaerated to
elevate DO concentrations to values approaching but not
ex
111.411111
saturation.
Because bacterial growth requires nutrients such as nitr-
ogen, phosphorus, and trace metals, these may be added to the
dilution water (if used), which is buffered to ensure that pH of
the incubated sample remains in a range suitable for bacterial
growth. However, if the BDD test is being used to estimate the
rate of oxidation of naturally occurring surface waters, then
the addition of nutrients and seed would likely accelerate the

- 3-
decay rate and produce misleading results. However, if only the
UHOD is desired, it may be advantageous to add supplemental
nutrients which could acrPlerate the decay rate and reduce the
duration of the test. When nutrients are used in a sample, they
should also be used in the dilution water blank so that their
effect on DO is accounted for in the analysis of the time
series.
The extent of oxidation of nitrogenous mounds during the
long term incubation period depends upon the presence of micro-
organisms capable of oxidizing these forms. Such organisms may
not be in waste waters in numbers to oxidize significant
quantities of reduced nitrogen forms. This situation, however,
may be reversed in naturally occurring surface waters. Some
analysts have obtained erratic results when utilizing
nitrification inhibitors in long tern E<JD tests (2) . Three
pec:rtC
separate effects have been noted: (a) the inhibitor may also 0
inhibit carbonaceous HOD des -ay, (b) the effect of the inhibitor n t) ( P CL pt -
diminishPr7 unpredictably with time requiring ring the subsequent
addition of fresh inhibitor, and (c) the inhibitor can become a ._A� r lr� Nf S t S r--'6
o
OJ�
substrate upon repeat addition and increase the BCD. However, S�.e
r'
others have not observed these effects and have suesfully
a.
used 2-chlora-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine
(8)
��e method included here specifies that nitrogen inhibitors
not be used unless prior experimental evidence on the particular i

-4-
sample in question suggests otherwise. It is recommended that
the nitrogen specie (NO3-N) (Section 418) be monitored with time
to compute the oxygen equivalency of the nitrification reaction.
When these values are subtracted frum the DO time series, the
CBOD time series can be constructed (3).
2. Sampling and Storage
Samples for BOD analysis may degrade significantly during
storage between collection and analysis, resulting in low BOD
values. Minimize reduction of BOD by analyzing the sample
promptly or by cooling it to near -freezing temperature (4C)
during storage. However, even at low temperatures, keep the
holding time to a minimum. Warm the chilled samples to 20 C
before analysis; some storage time can be used to accomplish
this conveniently.
(a) Grab samples: If analysis is initiated within 2 hours
of collection, cold storage is unnPc ssary. If analysis is not
started within 2 hours of sample collection, keep sample at or
below 4 C from the time of collection. Begin analysis within 6
hours of collection; when this is not possible, because the
sampling site is di stant fLuln the laboratory, store at or below
4 C and report length and temperature of storage with the
results. In no case start analysis more than 24 hours after
grab sample collection. When samples are to be used for

-5-
regulatory purposes make every effort to deliver samples for
analysis within 6 hours of collection.
(b) Composite samples: Keep samples at or below 4C during
ccanpositing. Limit ccanpositing period to 24 hours. Use the
same criteria as for storage or grab samples, starting the
measurement of holding time frcan the end of the c meriting
period. State storage time and conditions as part of the
results.
3. Apparatus
(a) Incubation bottles: Option 1 2 liter (or larger)
capacity glass bottles with ground glass stoppers are desirable.
Glass serum bottles in sizes 4 to 10 liters are commercially
available at a reasonable cost. Note that a bottle is also
necessary for the sample reservoir. Reservoir top 2 liter
bottles are also available froaa Wheaton Scientific as a custoaa
order. Excellent results, however, have been obtained with non -
ground glass bottles using non -biodegradable plastic caps used
as a plug insert. The plugs should not be reused when removed
from the bottle at the conclusion of a test since discoloration
occurs with continued use over long term. The plugs should be
replaced every 7 to 14 days. Do not use rubber stoppers since
they may exert an oxygen demand. Clean bottles with a
laboratory grade detergent and acid wash with dilute (3M)
hydrochloric acid, and rinse thoroughly before use. It is also

-6-
advisable to cover the top of bottles with paper after rinsing
to prevent dust from collecting in the bottle. As a precaution
against drawing air into the sample bottle during incubation, a
water seal is needed. One can be constructed by making a water
tight dam around the stopper (or plug) and refilling with the
reservoir water as necessary. The dam should be covered with
clean aluminum foil to retard evaporation. If the 2 liter
Wheaton reservoir top BOD bottles are used, fill the reservoir
with *sample and cover with a polyethylene cap prior to
incubation.
A clean magbar should be placed in each bottle to
thoroughly mix the contents prior to DO measurement and removal
of sample for nitogen series measuremnts. Each magbar should
be dedicated to a sample and not removed until the test is
conpleted. A self stirring electrode ccaald also be used.
Option 2 300 ml BOD bottles can also be used if larger
bottles are not readily available or incubation space is
limited. In this option, six (6) or more, depending upon the
length of the study, 300 ml HOD bottles are filled with the raw
or diluted samples as necessary. Make-up water (for spillage
during DO measurenmt and nitrate analysis) is taken from the
sixth bottle as necessary. If more make-up is needed, the fifth
bottle is sacrificed, etc. When reaeration is needed, all of
the sample is poured into a clean vessel, aerated, and the
bottles refilled.

-7-
In either option, if dilution is required, a separate blank
sample should be run to properly account for the BOD of the
dilution water and added nutrients.
(b) Reservoir bottles: A one gallon or larger glass
bottle is required. A secure screw plastic cap or non -rubber
plug is acceptable. For Option 2, the 300 ml BOD bottles are
used as necessary.
(c) An incubator or water bath: thermostatically con-
trolled at 20C ± 1C. Exclude all light to prevent the possi-
bility of photosynthetic production of DO.
Scarce analysts have used cleaned glass marbles in lieu of
makeup water. Marbles can be a source of carbon if not properly
cleaned. If marbles are used to displace water following sample
removal for nitrate analysis, the magbar should be omitted.
Mixing can be accomplished by inverting the bottles, or by using
a self stirring electrode. This technique is applicable to
either bottle option selected.
4. Procedure - River Water Samples
(a) Fill large BDD bottles (or alternate 300 ml BOD
bottles) with sample at 20C. No nutrients, seed, or nitri-
fication inhibitor should be used if the in -bottle decay rates
are desired to estimate in -stream rates. The sample should not

be diluted unless it is ]clown to have a high ultimate BOD (>20
mg/1) . Larger incubation bottles should be used if possible to
minimize surface effects.
(b) Bacterial seed is not necessary and should not be
used.
(c) Measure the DO in each bottle, stopper, and make an
air tight seal. Incubation should be at 20 C in the dark.
(d) Measure the DO in each bottle at intervals of at least
3 to 5 days over a period of at least 30 days (nuninaua of 6 to 8
readings). The DO concentration should not fall below 2 to 3
mg/l. The sample lost by the cap and DO probe displacement can
oP
be replaced by adding 1 to 2 ml jat sample from the reservoir
bottle or by adding 1 or 2 clean glass marbles.
(e) When the DO concentration in the bottle approaches 2
to 3 mg/1, reaeration is necessary. Pour a small mount of
sample into a clean vessel and reaerate the remaining sample
directly in the bottle. Vigorous shaking or bubbling purified
air (medical grade) into the bottle can be used for reaeration.
The bottle is then refilled and the DO concentration of the
bottle measured. This concentration becomes the initial DO for
the next measurement.

-9-
(f) Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (NO3 N + NO2-N) (Section
418, 419) analyses are performed on day 0,5,10,15,20,30, and
at the end of the test. If the ultimate dew occurs at a time
significantly greater than 30 days, additional analyses at 30
day intervals may be appropriate. The sample for these analyses
is prepared by removing 10-20 ml from the bottle. Displace the
volume created by removing sample by adding sample from the
reservoir bottle or by adding a few clean glass marbles. The
sample is preserved with sulfuric acid to pH <2 until the
analysis can be performed. If the purpose of the test is only
to assess the ultimate BOD, the analyst has the option of
measuring the nitrate nitrogen concentration at day 0 and on the
last day of the test. In this case, kinetic rate estimates are
not useful since the progression of the nitrification reaction
is not followed.
(g) Oxygen consumption during each time interval are
calculated. Appropriate corrections are made for the
nitrogenous oxygen demand. Most analysts use 4.57 times the
nitrate nitrogen produced.
(h) When a dilution water blank is used, the DO uptake of
the blank should be subtracted frro n the total DO consumed. High
quality distilled, deionized water without nutrients will
typically constirme a maximum of 1 mg/1 DO in a 30 to 90 day
period.

-10-
(i) When the weekly CO consumption drops below 1 to 2 % of
the total accumulative consumption, calculate the ultimate BOD
using a non -linear regression method. This procedure will
require that the analyst monitor the results of each test to
determine if this criterion is met.
5. Procedure - Waste Water Treatment Plant Samples.
• (a) High quality distilled-,deionized water is used for
dilution water. No nitrification inhibitors should be used if
bottle decay rates are desired. If the analyst judges that seed
and nutrients are necessary, then the same amounts of each
should be added to the dilution water blank.
(b) The sample should not be overly diluted. As a general
rule -of -thumb, the ultimate BOD of the diluted sample should be
in at least the 20 to 30 mg/1 range. Dilution at this level
will require 2 or 3 sample reaerations during the incubation
period.
(c) Use 2 L or larger BOD bottles (or alternate 300 ml BOD
bottles) for each dilution to be used. Add the desired volume
of sample to each bottle and fill with dilution water to
displace all air.

-11-
(d) Fill a BM bottle with dilution water to serve as a
dilution water blank. The blank should be treated the same as
all samples.
(e) Measure the DO in each bottle, stopper, and make an
air tight seal. Incubation should be at 20 C in the dark.
(f) Measure the DO in each bottle at intervals .of at least
3 to 5 days over a period of at least 60 days (minimum of 10 to
15 readings). The DO concentration should not fall balm 2 to 3
mg/l. The sample lost by the cap and DO probe displacement can
be replaced by adding 1 to 2 ml of sample from the reservoir
bottle or by adding 1 to 2 clean glass marbles.
(g) When the CO concentration in the bottle approaches 2
to 3 mg/1, reaeration is necessary. Pour a small amount of
sample into a clean vessel and reaerate the remaining sample
directly in the bottle. Vigorous shaking or bubbling purified
air (medical grade) into the bottle can be used for reaeration.
The bottle is then refilled and the CO concentration of the
bottle measured. This concentration becomes the initial CO for
the next measurement.
(h) When a dilution water blank is used, the DO uptake of
this sample should be subtracted from the total DO consumed.
High quality distilled, deionized water without nutrients will

• -12-
v
typically consume a maximum of 1 mg/1 DO in a 30 to 90 day
period.
(i) Nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen (NO3 N + NON) (Section
418, 419) analyses are performed on day 0,5,10,15,20,30,60 and
at the end of the test. The sample for these analyses is
prepared by removing 10-20 ml from the bottle. Displace the
volume created by removing sample by adding sample from the
reservoir bottle or by adding a few clean glass marbles. The
sample is preserved with sulfuric acid to pH <2 until the
analysis can be performed. If the purpose of the test is only
to assess the ultimate BOD, the analyst has the option of
measuring the nitrate nitrogen concentration at day 0 and on the
last day of the test. In this case, kinetic rate estimates are
not useful since the progression of the nitrification reaction
is not followed.
(j) Oxygen consunnption during each time interval are
calculated. Appropriate corrections are made for the
nitrogenous oxygen demand. Most analysts use 4.57 times the
nitrate nitrogen produced.
(k) When the weekly DO consumption drops below 1 to 2 % of
the total accumulative consumption, calculate the ultimate BOD
using a non -linear regression method. This procedure will
require that the analyst monitor the results of each test to
determine if this criterion is met.

-13-
5. Sample Data Set and Analysis Procedure
Example Analysis
Wastewater sample, undiluted, no seed, no nutrient.
Day DO Blank DO Accmwlated NO3-N NBOD CBOD
(mg/1) (mg/1) DO Consulted (mg/1) (mg/1) (mg/1)
By Sample
_(1)___(2)____(mg/1) (3) _ !4j a5}_. 6)
0 8.1 - 0 0.0 0 0
3 5.6 - 2.5 - 0 2.5
5 3.5/8 - 4.6 0.0 0 4.6
7 6.2 - 6.4 - 0.23 6.2
10 3.2/8/2 - 9.4 0.10 0.46 8.9
15 • 4.3 - 13.3 - 0.58 12.7
18 2.7/8.1 - 14.9 0.15 0.69 14.2
20 6.6 - 16.4 - 0.80 15.6
25 5.4 - 17.6 0.20 0.92 16.7
30 2.6/8.2 - 20.4 - 0.92 19.5
40 5.3 - 23.3 0.20 0.92 22.4
50 3.1/8.0 - 25.5 - 0.92 24.6
60 4.5 - 29.0 - 0.92 28.1
70 3.3/8.1 - 30.2 - 0.92 29.3
90 5.4 - 32.9 0.20 0.92 -32.0
NODES: (1) Average DO in bottles, / represents reaeration
(2) Average DO in dilution water blank [in this
cage, none was used]
(3) Columm (1) - blank correction (in this case, none
is needed).
(4) Average nitrate nitrogen concentration (mg/1 as
Nj
(5) Column (4) X 4.57 (linear interpolation between
values)
(6) [Column (3) - Column (5)] x dilution factor
Ultimate MOD - 34.5 mg/1
CBOD Decay Rate - 0.03/day
The analysis was performed with a non -linear regression
technique applied to a first order model (6) . The use of
a first order kinetic model, however, is not always the best
choice. Significantly better statistical fits are usually
obtained with alternative kinetic models including s1.un of two
first order and logistic function models (1,2,3). Analysts

. -14-
are encouraged to pursue these options since computer
software is commercially available to assist in these
analyscz. At least one state agency currently employs this
analysis procedure (7).
6. Precision and Accuracy
• The precision of the long term BOD test was assessed
with a series of replicate tests summarized below. This
approach was taken because formal inter -laboratory studies
have not been conducted.
Study Replicate Ultimate BOD Precision Summary
(ma/1)
A(2) 1 154 Mean 151 mg/1
2 154 Coefficient
3 145 of Variation 3.5%
B(4) 1 10.3
2 11.1
3 -9.6 Mean 10.0 mg/1
4 9.9 Coefficient
5 9.8 of Variation 5.8%
6 9.6
C(5)
1 12.8 Mean 12.4 mg/1
2 12.6 Coefficient
3 12.6 of Variation 4.4%
4 11.6
Measurement accuracy was assessed by determining the BOD of
a known concentration of glucose and glutamic acid. The
ultimate carbonaceous BOD of the control was made up of 150 mg/1
glucose and 150 mg/1 glutamic acid. This solution has an

-15-
c
ultimate BOD of 321 mg/1 to 308 mg/1 depending on the extent of
the oxidation of nitrogen. The results of the study conducted
in triplicate was (1):
Estimate Theoretical Percent
of BOD (mg/1) BOD (mg/1) Difference
276 308/321-10/-14
310 308/321 +1/-3
303 308/321 -2/-6
(1) Marton, C.H. , "Studies Related to the Determination of
Bio-degradability and Long Term BOD", M.S. Thesis, Tufts
University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Medford,
Massachusetts (June, 1976).
(2) National Council of the Paper Irilustry for Air and Stream
Inprovement, Inc., "A Review of the Separation of
Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous BOD in Lang -therm BOD
Measurements, Technical Bulletin No. 461 (May, 1986).
National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement, Inc., "A Review of Ultimate BOD and Its
Kinetic Fonmalation for Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents",
Technical. Bulletin No. 382 (October, 1982) .
(4) National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement, Inc., "A Proposal to Examine the Effect of
Mixing or Long Tenn BOD Test", NE82-01 (May, 1982).
(5) National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement, Inc., " A Study of the Selection, Calibration,
and Verificationof Mathematical Water Quality Models",
Technical Bulletin No. 367 (March, 1982).
(6) Barnwell, T., "Least Squares Estimates of BOD Parameters",
ASCE, EE6 (1980) .
(3)
(7) Private Communication, Roy Burke, Georgia EPD, Atlanta,
Georgia (January, 1987) .
(8) PrivateCommunication, B. Fenske and D. Patterson;
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison,
Wisconsin (November, 1987).

1~
MCALP%NE (mo/L) AVERAGE DETECTION
INFLUENT 11,19/89 2/6/89 3/13/89 4/3/89 5/1/89 6/27/89 7/10/89 8/14/Bg 9/11/99 LIMITS
Cooper 0.043 0.065 0.030 0.213 0.088 0.063 0.058 0.105 0.070 0.1391 <O.OlO
Chromium 0.075 0.015 0.013 0.043 0.025 0.008 0.010 0.028 0.005 0.088 <0.010
Zinc 0.060 0'093 0.045 0.320 0.048 0.093 0.340 0.230 0.135 0.311 <0.050
Nickel 0.078 0.003 0.060 0.030 0.040 0.293 0.018 0.038 0.023 0.042 <O.UGO
Lead 0.023 0'014 0.013 0.035 0.013 0.024 0.015 0.025 O.O%B 0.094 <0.050
Cadmium 0.01--13 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.010 0.008 0.015 <0.030
Silver 0.003 0.005 0.0134 0.030 0.001 0.004 0.008 0.0213 0.005 0.010 <O.O1O
Aluminum 0.800 1.760 0.400 2.250 0.375 1.530 2.140 2.470 1.933 1.545 <O,lOO
EFFLUENT %EFFICIE/\'
Copper 0.028 0.015 0.010 0.023 0.053 0.088 0.098 0.018 0.012 0.022 <O.OlO 76.0
Chromium 0.032 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.000 0.008 0.013 0.003 0.024 <O.O%O 71.8
Zino 0.055 0.060 0.055 0.100 0.043 0.050 0.048 0.045 0.123 0.101 <0.050 67.5
Nickel 0.055 0.013 0.023 0.018 0.038 1.260 0.018 0.013 0.025 0.062 <0.050 0.0
Lead 0.032 0.019 0.015 0.020 0.018 0.028 0.008 0.005 0.018 0'1345 <0.050 51.8
Cadmium 0.003 0'008 0.003 0.003 0.008 O.O[B 0.005 0.003 0.008 0.006 <0'030 62'2
Silver 0.01114 0'004 0.004 0.008 0.002 .0.001 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 <O.OlO 62.0
Aluminum 13.250 0.180 0.100 0.500 0.260 0.030 0.170 0.220 0.103 0.235 <O'lOO 84'0

MCALpINE Cn�^��
"/ �
INFLUENT 3/3/07 3/11/87 3/25/87 5/20/87 6/9/87 7/14187 8/4/87 9/2/87 10/6/87 11/4/87 12/1/87
Copper 13.095 0.138 0.075 0.058 0.105 0.063 0.138 0.090 0.120 0.100 0.185 0.130
Chromium 0.219 0,143 0.055 0'035 0.092 0.313 0.130 0.093 0.010 0.270 0.815 0.055
Zinc 0'344 0'493 0.178 0.275 0.348 0.373 0.298 0.348 0.900 0.318 0'460 0.200
Nickel 0.035 0.035 0'013 0.010 0.038 0.060 0.068 0.0513 0.073 0.025 0.043 0.018
Lead 0.178-1 0.276 0.058 0.122 0.082 0.084 0.108 0.184 0.054 0.279 0.128 0.056
Cadmium 0.015 0.010 0.000 0.003 0'010 0'019 0.012 0.013 0.003 0.008 0.213 0.010
Silver
Aluminum
EFFLUENT
Copper 0.015 0.018 0.055 0.025 0.023 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.018 O.O%O 0.013 0'010
Chromium 13.02O 0.028 O.055 13.0113 0.000 0.028 0.028 0.018 0.002 0.015 0.035 0.030
Zino 0.274 0.136 0.135 0.121 0.083 13.070 0.115 0.1513 0.073 0.000 0'103 0.085
Nickel 0'015 0.008 O'O1B 0-023 0.020 0.028 0.063 0.053 0.025 0.013 0.018 0'015
Lead 0.060 0.044 0.056 0.070 0.044 0'027 0.113 0.146 13.060 0'149 0'034 0.034
Cadmium 0'003 0.000 0.0135 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.013 O.00B 0'003 0'008 0'005 O'OOQ
Silver

MCALPINE
INFLUENT 1 / 12/88 2/3/8O 3/ 1 O/88 4 /6/88 5/12/88 6/9/88 7/ 11 /88 8/8/88 9/7/88 10/4/88 11/7/88 12/5/88
Copper 0.058 0.130 0.123 0.093 0.075 0.080 0.063 0.045 0.120 0.013 0.068
Chromium 0.075 0.045 0.185 0.123 0.098 0.053 0.045 0.040 0.079 0.058 0.015
Zinc 0.270 0.400 0.680 0.450 0.453 0.613 0.258 0.703 0.348 0.360 0.115
Nickel 0.023 0.010 0.023 0.003 0.043 0.045 0.025 0.030 0.023 0.028 0.020
Lead 0.063 O.O85 0.127 0.140 0.213 0.064 0.051 0.017 0.252 0.180 0.046
Cadmium 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.005 0.008 0.043 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.005
Silver
Aluminum 1.79O
EFFLUENT
Copper 0.023 0.010 0.018 0.028 0.020 0.028 0.035 0.018 0.013 O.0.02 0.020 0.018
Chromium 0.020 0.030 0.053 0.063 0.005 0.055 0.058 0.020 0.024 0.035 0.023 0.015
Zinc 0.028 0.063 0.230 0.105 0.083 0.245 0.030 0.258 0.053 0.044 0.093 0.083
Nickel O.018 0.O13 0.018 0.030 0.018 0.043 0.023 0.015 0.025 0.018 0.023 0.023
Lead 0.039 0.059 0.040 0.049 0.045 0.046 0.047 0.013 0.028 0.041 0.046 0.045
Cadmium 0.1000 0.005 0.008 0.005 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.000
Silver
Aluminum 0.428 0.340