WI0300476_Application_20220817

List of Attachments
Attachment 1 Injection Zone
Attachment 2 Hydrogeologic Evaluation
Attachment 3 Injectant Information
Attachment 4 Injection Procedure
Attachment 5 Fracturing Plan
Attachment 6 Well Construction Details
Attachment 7 Monitoring Plan
Attachment 8 Well Data Tabulation
Attachment 9 Maps and Cross-Sections
List of Tables
Table 1 Summary of Groundwater Elevation Measurements
Table 2 Summary of Groundwater Analytical Data
Table 3 Summary of Groundwater Natural Attenuation Data
Table 4 Summary of Soil Analytical Data (January 2016)
Table 5 Summary of Soil Analytical Data (January 2017)
Table 6 Active Groundwater Remediation Performance Monitoring Plan
List of Figures
Figure 1 Site Location Map
Figure 2 Site and Cross-Section Location Map
Figure 3 Proposed Phase II ERD Injection Map
Figure 4 Potentiometric Map Î Shallow Wells (November 2021)
Figure 5 Potentiometric Map Î Deep Wells (November 2021)
Figure 6 Temporary Well Diagram and Typical Injection Equipment Schematic
Figure 7 Shallow Groundwater PCE Concentrations Map (November 2021)
Figure 8 Deeper Groundwater PCE Concentrations Map (November 2021)
Figure 9 Soil PCE Isoconcentration Map
Figure 10 Generalized Cross-Section A-AÓ
Figure 11 Generalized Cross-Section B-BÓ

List of Appendices
Appendix A Slug Testing Results and Hydraulic Conductivity Summary Table
Appendix B Safety Data Sheets (for Injection Components)
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North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality – Division of Water Resources

APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT AND/OR USE A WELL(S) FOR INJECTION
Groundwater Remediation (15A NCAC 02C .0225)
Do not use this form for UIC wells Permitted by Rule (ref. 15A NCAC 02C .0217)
Permit Number (to be completed by DWR for new projects): WI
I. APPLICATION INFORMATION
1. Project is: \[x\] New \[ \] Modification \[ \] Renewal without modification \[ \] Renewal with modification
2. If this application is being submitted for Renewal and/or Modification to an existing permit, provide:
Existing permit number WI Issued Date: & Expiration Date:
For all Renewals, attach an updated site map and status report including monitoring results of all injection activities
to date.
For Renewal withoutmodificationonly, fill out sections I & II only, sign the certification on the last page of this form,
and obtain the property owner’s signature to indicate consent (if the applicant is not the owner).
II. WELL OWNER(S)/PERMIT APPLICANT (generally the responsible party)
1. Name(s):Mohican Mills, Inc.
2. Signing Official’s Name*: James E. Baxter Title: Vice President
* Signing Official must be in accordance with instructions in Part XII.
3. Mailing address of Permittee/Applicant: is PO Box 190
City: Lincolnton State: NC Zip: 28093
4. Telephone number: 704-735-2573 Email: [e-mail]
5. Status (choose one): Individual X Business/Org. Federal State County Municipality
III. PROPERTY OWNER(S) (if different than well owners)
1. Name(s): Same
2. Mailing address:
City: State: Zip:
3. Telephone number: Email:

IV. PROJECT CONTACT – (generally the environmental/engineering consultant).
1. Name: Matt Bramblett, PE Title: Principal
2. Company: Hart & Hickman, PC
3. Address: 2923 South Tryon Street, Ste 100
4. City: Charlotte State: NC Zip: 28203
5. Telephone number: 704-887-4620 Email: [e-mail]
Groundwater Remediation Application Rev. 2-17-2020 Page 1 of 8

V. FACILITY INFORMATION
1. Facility name: Former Knitronics Facility Phone No. (if available): N/A
2. Physical address: 1515 W. Academy Street
3. City: Cherryville County: Gaston Zip Code: 28021
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3. Geographic Coordinates: Latitude: 35 Longitude: -81
Reference Datum: Building Accuracy: <2m
Method of Collection (i.e., Google Earth, GPS, etc.): Google Earth
4. Brief description of business: Former textile dyeing and finishing facility
VI. INCIDENT DESCRIPTION
1. Source and date of contamination:The site was originally operated as a textile facility by Knitronics, Inc. then later by
Travis Knits, Inc. until textile operations ceased in 2001. The cause of the site contamination is associated with the
historical use of the site as textile facility. In July 2015, Phase II Environmental Site Assessment soil and groundwater
samples were collected by others for a potential purchase to assess for subsurface impacts in the eastern portion of
the developed property. The results of the soil analyses indicated that tetrachloroethene (PCE) was detected above
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Soil-to-Groundwater Maximum Soil Contaminant
Concentration (MSCC). Additionally, PCE, trichloroethene (TCE), cis,1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE), chromium,
and lead were detected in groundwater above the DEQ 15A NCAC 2L Groundwater Quality Standards (2L
Standards). The dissolved metals were later determined to be naturally occurring.
2. List all contaminants present in soils or groundwater at the site (contaminants may be listed in groups, e.g., gasoline,
diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, chlorinated ethenes, chlorinated ethanes, metals, pesticides/herbicides, etc):
Contaminants present in soils and groundwater at the site include the chlorinated ethene PCE and its degradation
daughter products TCE, cis-1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride (VC).
3. Has LNAPL or DNAPL ever been observed at the site (even if outside the injection zone)?
\[ \] Yes If yes, list maximum measured separate phase thickness: feet
\[X\] No If no, list maximum concentration of total VOCs observed at site: ~279,000 ppb
4. Agency managing the contamination incident:
\[ \] UST Section \[ \] Superfund Section (including REC Program and DSCA sites)
\[ \] DWR Aquifer Protection Section \[ \] Solid Waste Section
\[\] Hazardous Waste Section \[X\] Other: Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites Program
5. Incident manager’s name: George Adams Phone No.: [phone]
6. Incident number or other incident mgmt. agency tracking number: NONCD0002787
Groundwater Remediation Application Rev. 2-17-2020 Page 2 of 8

VII. PERMITS
List all applicable permits or construction approvals issued for the facility or incident:
1. Previous or other UIC permits issued by DWR (e.g., NOIs) NOIs: WI0300400 & WI0300443
2. Other Non-Discharge or NPDES permit issued by DWR: N/A
3. County or DEH subsurface wastewater disposal permits: N/A
4. Hazardous waste management or other environmental permits required by state or federal law:
Small Quantity Generator NCR000167015
VIII. INJECTION SUMMARY
1. List all proposed injectants/additives.
NOTE: Only injectants approved by the epidemiology section of the NC Division of Public Health, Department of
Health and Human Services can be injected. Approved injectants can be found online at
http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-
protection/ground-water-approved-injectants.All other substances must be reviewed by the DHHS prior to use.
Contact the UIC Program for more info if you wish to get approval for a different additive. However, please note
it may take 3 months or longer. If no injectants are to be used use N/A.
Injectant: SRS®-SD Total Amt. to be injected (gal)/event: 1,590
Injectant: sodium bicarbonate Total Amt. to be injected (gal)/event: ~13,100 lbs. (dissolved)
Injectant: calcium carbonate Total Amt. to be injected (gal)/event: ~1,350 lbs. (dissolved)
Injectant: sodium ascorbate Total Amt. to be injected (gal)/event: ~96 lbs. (dissolved)
Injectant: bioaugmentation culture Total Amt. to be injected (gal)/event: ~164 liters
Total Amt. to be injected (gal/event): ~18,260
No. of separate injection events: 1 to 3 Total Amt. to be injected (gal): ~18,260
Source of Water (if applicable): Cherryville City Water
2.Estimated Injection rate per well:~2(avg)GPM
3. Estimated Injection pressure: ~28 (avg) pounds/square inch (PSI)
o
4. Temperature at point of injection: ~70 F
5. Injection will be via:
Existing well(s)- Total No.: ; Well Type (DPT, Permanent, etc.):
Proposed well(s)- Total No.: 73-77 ; Well Type (DPT, Permanent, etc.): DPT

6. NC Certified Well Drilling Contractor’s Name (if known): Geologic Exploration
NC Well Contractor Certification No.: TBD
7. Date to be constructed if proposed: ~September 2022 (attach well construction records \[GW-1s\] for existing
injection wells)
8. Screened interval/Injection interval of injection wells:
Depth from 28-30 to 44-46 feet below land surface (BLS)(if multiple intervals, indicate shallowest to
deepest depth)
Groundwater Remediation Application Rev. 2-17-2020 Page 3 of 8

®
9. Well casing (leave blank if Geoprobes):
Type (PVC, stainless steel, other):
Casing depth: ________to________ ft. BLS
Type PVC, stainless steel, other):
Casing depth: ________to________ft.BLS

10. Grout (leave blank if Geoprobes):
Type (cement, bentonite, other):
Grout depth: ________ to ________ ft. BLS
Type (cement, bentonite, other):
Grout depth: ________ to ________ ft. BLS

IX. ATTACHMENTS – provide the following information in separate attachments. The attachments should be clearly
identified and presented in the order below to expedite review of the permit application package.
1. INJECTION ZONE – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(3),specify the horizontal and vertical portion of the subsurface within
which the proposed injection activity will take place and beyond which no violations of groundwater quality standards shall
result from the injection as determined by an approved monitoring plan. The determination shall be based on the hydraulic
properties of the specified zone. Provide any supporting documentation in a separate attachment.
15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(4), provide a hydrogeologic evaluation of the injection
2. HYDROGEOLOGIC EVALUATION – Per
zone that includes all of the following:
(A) Regional and local geology and hydrology;
(B) Changes in lithology underlying the facility;
(C) Depth to bedrock;
(D) Depth to the mean seasonal high water table;
(E) Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity, of the injection zone based on tests of site-specific material,
including a description of the test(s) used to determine these parameters;
(F) Rate and direction of groundwater flow as determined by predictive calculations or computer modeling;
(G) Lithostratigraphic and hydrostratigraphic logs of any existing test and injection wells; and
(H) For systems re-injecting treated on-site contaminated groundwater only- evaluation of infiltration galleries or
injection wells.

3. INJECTANT INFORMATION – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(6),provide information on each injectant as indicated below:
(A) MSDS, concentration at the point of injection, and percentage if present in a mixture with other injectants;
(B) The source of fluids used to dilute, carry, or otherwise distribute the injectant throughout the injection zone. If any
well within the area of review of the injection facility is to be used as the fluid source, then the following information
shall be submitted: location/ID number, depth of source, formation, rock/sediment type, and a chemical analysis
of the water from the source well, including analyses for all contaminants suspected or historically recognized in
soil or groundwater on the site;
(C) A description of the rationale for selecting the injectants and concentrations proposed for injection, including an
explanation or calculations of how the proposed injectant volumes and concentrations were determined;
(D) A description of the reactions between the injectants and the contaminants present including specific breakdown
products or intermediate compounds that may be formed by the injection;
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(E) A summary of results if modeling or testing was performed to investigate the injectant’s potential or susceptibility
for biological, chemical, or physical change in the subsurface; and
(F) An evaluation concerning the development of byproducts of the injection process, including increases in the
concentrations of naturally occurring substances. Such an evaluation shall include the identification of the specific
byproducts of the injection process, projected concentrations of byproducts, and areas of migration as determined
through modeling or other predictive calculations.

4. INJECTION PROCEDURE – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(7),submit a table with a detailed description of the proposed
injection procedure that includes the following:
(A) The proposed average and maximum daily rate and quantity of injectant;
(B) The average maximum injection pressure expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi); and
(C) The total or estimated total volume to be injected.

5. FRACTURING PLAN (if applicable) – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(9),submit a detailed description ofthe fracturing plan
that includes the following:
(A) Material Safety Data Sheets of fracturing media including information on any proppants used;
(B) a map of fracturing well locations relative to the known extent of groundwater contamination plus all buildings,
wells, septic systems, underground storage tanks, and underground utilities located within the Area of Review;
(C) a demonstration that buildings, wells, septic systems, underground storage tanks, and underground utilities will not
be adversely affected by the fracturing process;
(D) injection rate and volume;
(E) orientation of bedding planes, joints, and fracture sets of the fracture zone;
(F) performance monitoring plan for determining the fracture well radius of influence; and
(G) if conducted, the results of geophysical testing or pilot test of fracture behavior conducted in an uncontaminated
area of the site.

6. WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(10), submit the following information in tabular or
schematic form as appropriate for each item:
(A) number and depth of injection wells;
(B) number and depth of borings if using multi-level or “nested” well systems;
(C) indication whether the injection wells are existing or proposed;
(D) depth and type of casing;
(E) depth and type of screen material;
(F) depth and type of grout;
(G) indication whether the injection wells are permanent or temporary “direct push” points; and
(H) plans and specifications of the surface and subsurface construction details.

7. MONITORING PLAN – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(11),submit a monitoring plan that includes the following:
(A) target contaminants plus secondary or intermediate contaminants that may result from the injection;
(B) other parameters that may serve to indicate the progress of the intended reactions;
(C) a list of existing and proposed monitoring wells to be used; and
(D) a sampling schedule to monitor the proposed injection.
Monitoring wells shall be of sufficient quantity and location to detect any movement of injection fluids, injection process byproducts, or
formation fluids outside the injection zone. The monitoring schedule shall be consistent with the proposed injection schedule, pace of
the anticipated reactions, and rate of transport of the injectants and contaminants.

8. WELL DATA TABULATION – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(12),provide a tabulation of data on all existing or abandoned
wells within the area of review of the injection well(s) that penetrate the proposed injection zone, including monitoring
wells and wells proposed for use as injection wells. Such data shall include a description of each well's type, depth, and
record of construction or abandonment.
9. MAPS AND CROSS-SECTIONS – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(13), provide scaled, site-specific site plans or maps
depicting the location, orientation, and relationship of facility components including the following:
(A) area map based on the most recent USGS 7.5’ topographic map of the area, at a scale of 1:24,000 and showing the
location of the proposed injection site;
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(B) topographic contour intervals showing all facility related structures, property boundaries, streams, springs, lakes,
ponds, and other surface drainage features;
(C) all existing or abandoned wells within the area of review of the wells listed in the well data tabulation that penetrate
the proposed injection zone;
(D) potentiometric surface map(s) that show the direction of groundwater movement, existing and proposed wells;
(E) contaminant plume map(s) with isoconcentration lines that show the horizontal extent of the contaminant plume in
soil and groundwater, and existing and proposed wells;
(F) cross-section(s) to the known or projected depth of contamination that show the horizontal and vertical extent of
the contaminant plume in soil and groundwater, major changes in lithology, and existing and proposed wells; and
(G) any existing sources of potential or known groundwater contamination, including waste storage, treatment, or
disposal systems within the area of review of the injection well or well system.

X.UIC SYSTEMS RE-INJECTING TREATEDON-SITE CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER ONLY
1.FEES–Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(m), submit/attachfeesfor new permits or modifications(refer to fee schedule
at https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/ground-water-
protection/non-discharge-groundwater-remediation
2. SOILS EVALUATION - Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(2), for systems with proposed discharge within seven feet
of land surface and above the seasonal high water table, a soil evaluation of the disposal site shall be provided to the
Division by the applicant. If required by G.S. 89F, a soil scientist shall submit this evaluation. This evaluation shall be
presented in a report that includes the following information:
(A) Field description of soil profile. Based on examinations of excavation pits or auger borings, the following
parameters shall be described by individual horizons to a depth of seven feet below land surface or to bedrock:
thickness of the horizon; texture; color and other diagnostic features; structure; internal drainage; depth, thickness,
and type of restrictive horizons; pH; cation exchange capacity; and presence or absence of evidence of any seasonal
high water table. Applicants shall dig pits when necessary for evaluation of the soils at the site.
(B) Recommendations concerning annual and instantaneous loading rates of liquids, solids, other wastewater
constituents and amendments. Annual hydraulic loading rates shall be based on in-situ measurement of saturated
hydraulic conductivity in the most restrictive horizon.

3. ENGINEERING PLANNING DOCUMENTS – Per 15A NCAC 02C .0225(f)(8), the following documents shall
be provided to the Division by the applicant (Note: if required by G.S. 89C, a professional engineer shall prepare
these documents):
(A) engineering plans for the entire system, including treatment, storage, application, and disposal facilities and
equipment, except those previously permitted unless they are directly tied into the new units or are critical to the
understanding of the complete process;
(B) specifications describing materials to be used, methods of construction, and means for ensuring quality and integrity
of the entire groundwater remediation system;
(C) plans that include construction details of recovery, injection, and monitoring wells and infiltration galleries;
(D) operating plans that include:
(i) the operating schedule including any periodic shut-down times;
(ii) required maintenance activities for all structural and mechanical elements;
(iii) a list of all consumable and waste materials with their intended source and disposal locations;
(iv) restrictions on access to the site and equipment;
(v) provisions to ensure the quality of the treated effluent and hydraulic control of the system at all times when
any portion of the system ceases to function, such as standby power capability, complete system-off status,
or duplicity of system components; and
(E) Completed, signed, and sealed Professional Engineer’s Certification for new permit applications (form attached).

Groundwater Remediation Application Rev. 2-17-2020 Page 6 of 8

same as above

Professional Engineer's Certification (for new permit application for UIC systems re-injecting treated on-site
contaminated groundwater only):
Permit No.: WI_____________
Typed or Printed Name of Professional Engineer: _______________________________________________________
License Number: ____________
Name of Engineering Firm (if applicable): ________________________________________ ____________________
Mailing Address: _________________________________________________________________________________
City: __________________________________ State: ______________ Zip: __________________
Office Number: (_______) ______________________ Mobile Number: (_______)_______________
Email Address: _______________________
I, _________________________________________ , attest that this application for
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I further attest that to the best
of my knowledge the proposed design has been prepared in accordance with the applicable regulations. Although
certain portions of this submittal package may have been developed by other professionals, inclusion of these materials
under my signature and seal signifies that I have reviewed this material and have judged it to be consistent with the
proposed design.
North Carolina Professional Engineer's Seal, Signature, and Date:
Groundwater Remediation Application Rev. 2-17-2020 Page 8 of 8

ATTACHMENT 1
INJECTION ZONE
1.1 Previous ERD Injections
2019 ERD Pilot Test
H&H conducted enhanced reductive dichlorination (ERD) pilot test activities at the former
Knitronics Facility to evaluate the viability of using Terra Systems, Inc. (TSI) SRS®-SD Small
Droplet Emulsified Vegetable Oil (EVO) Substrate to reduce PCE groundwater concentrations in
the vicinity of the former wastewater treatment basin and to evaluate the use of SRS®-SD
injection on a larger scale in other portions of the groundwater PCE plume. H&H submitted a
Notice of Intent (NOI) for a deemed permitted injection activity to the DEQ Underground
Injection Control (UIC) group on January 9, 2019. DEQ issued Injection Permit WI0300400 for
the pilot test.

H&H conducted the ERD pilot test at the site between February 22 and 27, 2019. The pilot test
was performed by injecting SRS®-SD into eight injection points near the former wastewater
treatment basin (Figure 2). The SRS®-SD concentrate was mixed with water prior to injection at
a ratio of 1:10 (SRS®-SD:water). A total of approximately 165 gallons of SRS®-SD
concentrate (mixed with approximately 1,650 gallons of potable water), 17 liters of Terra
®
SystemsÓ Dehalococcoides (DHC) bioaugmentation culture (TSI DC), and sodium bicarbonate
for pH buffering were injected into the subsurface. Additionally, five gallons of anaerobic chase
water were injected prior to and immediately after the SRS®-SD solution injection at each
injection point location.
The Remedial Action Plan (RAP) submitted on June 12, 2020 included the results of ERD pilot
testing and a description of the design for the soil and groundwater remediation proposed for the
site. For soil, the RAP proposed a source area soil vapor extraction (SVE) system to mitigate on-
going contaminant contributions to groundwater via leaching from the overlying soil and to
reduce the VOC mass that may contribute to vapor intrusion. The SVE system was installed and
started up on January 17, 2022. For groundwater, treatment was proposed using two ERD
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injection phases to reduce contaminant mass in the groundwater source area such that natural
attenuation can proceed for the non-source/downgradient areas of the plume. The goal of the
contaminant mass reduction is to reduce source area groundwater concentrations by an order of
magnitude. The RAP was approved by the DEQ in a letter dated July 24, 2020.

2020 Phase I ERD
From November 3, 2020 to November 21, 2020, H&H conducted Phase I ERD groundwater
injection activities in accordance with the approved RAP and the October 2020 NOI to Construct
or Operate Injection Wells. DEQ issued Injection Permit WI0300443 for the Phase I ERD
®
injection activities at the site. The Phase I ERD event was performed by injecting TSI SRS-SD
EVO Substrate into 40 injection points near the former wastewater treatment basin (Figure 3).
The SRS®-SD concentrate was diluted in the field prior to injection using potable municipal
water at a ratio of 1:10 (SRS®-SD:water). Approximately 50 pounds of sodium ascorbate was
added to the water to render it anaerobic prior to injection. Additionally, approximately 85 liters
®
of TSI DC, 2,545 pounds of sodium bicarbonate, and 2,545 pounds of calcium carbonate were
injected to help augment the aquifer for ERD. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate were
be added to the injection solution as a pH buffer to keep subsurface pH above 6 Standard Units.
A total of approximately 825 gallons of SRS®-SD concentrate (plus 8,250 gallons on anaerobic
dilution water) was injected into the subsurface. Additional, five gallons of anaerobic chase
water was injected prior to and immediately after the SRS®-SD solution injection at each
injection point to clear the injection well and piping, and push the substrate into the formation.

1.2 Proposed Phase II ERD Injection Zone
For the Phase II ERP, H&H proposes to inject TSIÓs SRS§-SD EVO via injection points in
additional areas of high chlorinated solvent concentrations at the site. The proposed injection
well network extends from immediately upgradient of MW-6S for a distance of approximately
270 ft to the northeast to MW-9S. The proposed injection well network is approximately 130 ft
wide. The objective of the injection is to reduce shallow chlorinated solvent concentrations in
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this area, specifically targeting a 16-ft thick vertical zone starting at the water table which is
typically approximately 28 to 30 ft below ground surface (bgs) and extending to approximately
44 to 46 ft bgs. Please note that due to the building foundation, the depth to groundwater
beneath the building is approximately 4 to 5 ft deeper than outside the building. As a result, the
interior injection points may be slightly deeper.

Seventy-seven temporary injection points will be installed throughout the injection area. It is
assumed that each injection well will affect an initial radius of influence (ROI) of approximately
20 to 25 ft. As such, the injection wells will be installed approximately 15 ft apart within rows
and approximately 20 ft apart between rows. However, spacing will be modified near former
pits, building walls, etc. The approximate locations of the injection points are shown on Figure
3. Additional construction details for the injection wells are provided in Attachment 6.
TSI indicates SRS®-SD substrate can produce bio-available hydrogen for a period of 3 to 5 years
depending on site conditions. Following the pilot test and Phase I ERD, H&H calculated the
longevity of the SRS®-SD substrate to be approximately 3 years based upon first order
exponential decay of aqueous total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations measured in source area
well MW-9S. Using an estimated 3-year residence time and a groundwater velocity of
approximately 5 ft/yr in the saprolite zone (see Section 2.2), the SRS®-SD injection zone may
extend approximately 15 ft before it is consumed. However, the effects of the injection on
groundwater geochemistry and concentrations may extend approximately 150 ft downgradient of
the injection points. The anticipated injection zone is depicted on Figures 2, 3, 10, and 11. The
monitoring plan outlined in Attachment 7 below will verify that no violation of groundwater
quality standards resulting from the injection is occurring outside the injection zone.
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ATTACHMENT 2
HYDROGEOLOGIC EVALUATION
A description of the regional and site geology and hydrogeology is provided below. The
summary provided below incorporates information obtained from published materials and field
activities conducted during site assessment.
2.1 Regional Geology/Hydrogeology
According to the Geologic Map of North Carolina (1985), the subject property is located in the
Inner Piedmont Belt of the Piedmont Physiographic Province of North Carolina. In the site area,
underlying bedrock is composed of metamorphic rock consisting mainly of mica schist. The
land surface of the area is generally characterized as gently sloping, which may become
moderately steep where intersected by streams.

In the Piedmont, the bedrock is overlain by a mantle of weathered rock termed saprolite or
residuum. The saprolite consists of unconsolidated clay, silt, and sand with lesser amounts of
rock fragments. Due to the range of parent rock types and their variable susceptibility to
weathering, the saprolite ranges widely in color, texture, and thickness. Generally, the saprolite
is thickest near interstream divides and thins toward streambeds. In profile, the saprolite
normally grades from clayey soils near the land surface to highly weathered rock above the
competent bedrock.

The occurrence and movement of groundwater in the Piedmont is typically within two separate
but interconnected water-bearing zones. A shallow water-bearing zone occurs within the
saprolite, and a deeper water-bearing zone occurs within the underlying bedrock.

Groundwater in the shallow saprolite zone occurs in the interstitial pore spaces between the
grains comprising the saprolite soils. Groundwater in this region is typically under water table or
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unconfined conditions. Groundwater movement is generally lateral from recharge areas to small
streams that serve as localized discharge points.
The occurrence and movement of groundwater in the underlying crystalline bedrock is controlled
by secondary joints, fractures, faults, and dikes within the bedrock. On a regional scale, the
direction of groundwater flow is typically from uplands to major streams and groundwater sinks
which is similar to the saprolite groundwater flow direction. The saprolite has a higher porosity
than the bedrock and serves as a reservoir that supplies water to a network of fractures in the
bedrock.

2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology

The geology below the site consists of three layers: the saprolite zone, the partially weathered rock
(PWR) zone, and the bedrock zone. These geologic layers are interconnected and no confining
units are present. The saprolite zone is characterized as described above. The PWR zone, also
termed the transition zone, contains highly weathered bedrock that is typically characterized as a
zone of high permeability. The bedrock zone is competent but fractured parent rock. The
underlying bedrock is composed of mica schist at the site as previously discussed.

Soils encountered at the site generally consist of red/brown to tan sandy silt to approximately 55
to 89 ft below ground surface (bgs). PWR was encountered at a depth of 55 to 89 ft bgs.
Competent bedrock was not encountered during previous assessment activities, but it is likely
present just below the PWR zone. Hard saprolite resulting in DPT refusal was encountered at
approximately 40 to 45 ft below grade during the previous Phase I ERD and pilot test injections.

Groundwater levels were most recently gauged in site monitoring wells on November 16, 2021.
Depth to groundwater below top-of-casing for the shallow groundwater monitoring wells ranged
from approximately 24.43 ft at monitoring well MW-5S to approximately 34.30 ft at monitoring
well MW-6 (both wells downgradient of proposed injection area). Groundwater levels in deeper
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monitoring wells ranged from approximately 22.33 ft in monitoring well MW-2D to
approximately 30.70 ft in monitoring well MW-3D.
An estimated shallow groundwater potentiometric map is provided as Figure 4, and an estimated
deeper groundwater potentiometric map is provided as Figure 5. The groundwater flow
directions in the shallow and deeper aquifers are generally to the east or east-southeast toward an
unnamed tributary of Muddy Fork Creek located approximately 700 ft southeast of the southeast
corner of the site (Figure 1). Monitoring well construction data and recent groundwater levels
are summarized in Table 1.
Four monitoring well pairs (MW-2S/MW-2D, MW-4S/MW-4D, MW-5S/MW-5D, and MW-
11S/MW-11D) are located at the site that provide an indication of vertical gradients (Table 1).
Only well pair MW-11S/MW-11D is located in the source area near the former wastewater
treatment basin. Utilizing the November 2021 groundwater elevation data, the vertical gradients
for monitoring well pairs MW-2S/MW-2D and MW-11/MW-11D were upward and the vertical
gradients for well pairs MW-4S/MW-4D and MW-5S/MW-5D were downward.

During the Phase II Remedial Investigation (RI), aquifer characterization tests using rising head
slug tests were performed to allow a determination of estimated groundwater flow velocity. Slug
tests were performed in shallow wells MW-2S, MW-4S, and MW-5S, and in deeper PWR wells
MW-2D, MW-3D, and MW-5D. A slug of water was removed from each well using
submersible pump, and the water level recovery in the well was monitored using a water level
data logger. The test data were analyzed using the Bouwer and Rice method.

The results of the slug test analysis indicated calculated hydraulic conductivity values ranging
from 0.19 ft/day to 0.39 ft/day for the shallow wells and from 0.79 ft/day to 18 ft/day for the
PWR wells. The geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity is approximately 0.35 ft/day for
the saprolite aquifer and 3.1 ft/day for the PWR aquifer. A slug test summary sheets are
included in Appendix A.
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As presented in the Phase II RI, based on the shallow aquifer hydraulic gradient of 0.01 ft/ft,
geometric mean hydraulic conductivity of 0.35 ft/day, and assumed effective porosity of 0.25,
the calculated average groundwater velocity for the shallow aquifer is approximately 0.014
ft/day or about 5 ft/yr. Based on the PWR aquifer hydraulic gradient of 0.01 ft/ft, geometric
mean hydraulic conductivity of 3.1 ft/day, and assumed effective porosity of 0.05, the calculated
average groundwater velocity for the deeper PWR aquifer is approximately 0.62 ft/day or about
225 ft/yr. A summary table of hydraulic conductivities from the Phase II RI is included in
Appendix A.
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ATTACHMENT 3
INJECTANT INFORMATION
3.1 Fluid Composition
This project will involve injecting SRS®-SD into the aquifer to stimulate in situ biodegradation.
SRS®-SD is an emulsified vegetable oil substrate consisting on food grade soybean oil, lactate,
nutrients, emulsifiers, and preservatives. It is designed to rapidly generate reducing conditions
and provide carbon and hydrogen to support biodegradation of chlorinated solvents. SRS®-SD
is an approved DEQ UIC injectant.

The SRS®-SD concentrate will be mixed with water prior to injection at a ratio of 1:10 (SRS®-
SD:water). Additionally, five gallons of chase water will be injected prior to and immediately
after the SRS®-SD solution injection at each injection point location. The chase water clears the
well and pushes the substrate into the formation; the chase water also limits the potential for
biofouling of the injection well. The dilution water and chase water will be anaerobic through
the addition of sodium ascorbate at a concentration of 0.7 grams per liter (g/L). A total of
approximately 1,590 gallons of SRS®-SD concentrate mixed with approximately 15,900 gallons
of potable water will be injected into the subsurface during the Phase II injection.

Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate will also be added to the injection solution as a pH
buffer to help maintain subsurface pH above 6 SU. Approximately 13,100 lbs of sodium
bicarbonate and 1,350 lbs of calcium carbonate will be mixed with the injection solution during
the Phase II injection.

®
TSI DC will also be added to the injection solution to bioaugment the aquifer. Approximately
®
164 liters of TSI DCwill be added to the injection solution during the Phase II injection.
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the various injection components are provided in Appendix B.
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3.2 Injection Rationale
The goal of the proposed injection project is to stimulate in situ biodegradation of chlorinated
solvents in near source area groundwater to increase the speed of natural attenuation. The
constituents of concern (COCs) at the site are amenable to anaerobic biodegradation. The
primary mechanism for natural attenuation of the COCs is reductive dechlorination. Reductive
dechlorination is a process that is dependent on both an adequate supply of electron acceptors
(chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons) and electron donors (natural organic carbon) (USEPA,
1998). During the process of reductive dechlorination, the chlorinated hydrocarbon is used as an
electron acceptor (USEPA, 1998). As an electron acceptor, the chlorine atom is released and
replaced by a hydrogen atom. As reductive dechlorination progresses, PCE is reduced to TCE,
then to DCE isomers, then to vinyl chloride, and finally to the non-toxic endpoint ethene
(USEPA, 1998).

Depending on environmental conditions, the sequential first order degradation process may be
limited by a lack of electron donors or may be interrupted by other mechanisms acting upon the
degradation products (USEPA, 1998). Theoretically, all three isomers of DCE, cis-1,2-DCE,
trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-1,2-DCE), and 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) can be produced.
However, under the influence of biodegradation, cis-1,2-DCE is the more common intermediate.

The Phase II ERD will involve injecting and distributing SRS®-SD throughout the targeted
treatment zone using DPT installed injection wells. The SRS®-SD provides a continuous source
of dissolved organic carbon (i.e., fermentation products) to the native and injected microbial
communities to stimulate microbiological consumption of oxygen and production of hydrogen.
The hydrogen itself then drives the desired anaerobic biological metabolism of the target
®

contaminants by the native and injected TSI DCmicrobes.
Implementation of ERD bioremediation can also cause changes in the geochemistry of the
aquifer. Secondary water quality can be degraded as a result of mobilization of formerly
insoluble forms of metals (e.g., iron and manganese) that occur naturally in the aquifer.
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Additionally, the metals are precipitated and immobilized downgradient of the treatment zone
when conditions return to the background oxidizing state. Biodegradation of the injected SRS®-
SD also results in increases in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand
(BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfides that can affect taste and odor. The elevated
levels of these parameters are typically observed in the anaerobic reactive zone, and levels
typically return to near-background as substrate is consumed and groundwater migrates out of
the treatment zone (AFCEE, 2004). Groundwater will be routinely monitored within and
downgradient of the injection area to evaluate changes in groundwater geochemistry, as
discussed in Attachment 7.

Because the proposed injection activities are limited to the near source area, the geochemistry
changes should pose no significant human or environmental health risks. The nearest supply
well (WSW-1) is located approximately 800 feet southwest and upgradient of the injection zone
(Figure 2). This well is monitored annually as part of the ongoing monitoring program for the
site. The nearest off-site surface water body is an unnamed tributary of Muddy Fork Creek
located approximately 700 ft southeast of the site (Figure 1).

3.3 References

USEPA. September 1998. Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated
Solvents in Groundwater. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC,
EPA/600/R-98/128
AFCEE. 2004. Principals and Practices of Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated
Solvents.
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ATTACHMENT 4
INJECTION PROCEDURE
®
The SRS-SD solution will be injected into 73 to 77 temporary injection points within the
building where the dye house was located and areas between the former dye house and the
wastewater basin (Figure 3). Injection points will generally be spaced approximately 15 ft apart
within rows and approximately 20 ft apart between rows. However, spacing will be modified
near former pits, building walls, etc.
The substrate will be shipped to the site in 264-gallon intermediate bulk containers (IBC) totes.
The SRS®-SD solution will be batch-mixed in a small, portable tank, and then pumped into the
injection points utilizing an injection pump. The SRS®-SD concentrate will be mixed with
water prior to injection at a ratio of 1:10 (SRS®-SD:water). During the injection process,
pressures, flow rates and injected volumes will be measured with meters and gauges. A pressure
gauge will be utilized to monitor and maintain the injection pressure at or below 35 pounds per
square inch (psi), if possible, to mitigate/reduce hydraulic fracturing of the formation which
could create preferential pathways and limit the effectiveness of the SRS®-SD pilot test. A
general injection equipment schematic is provided as Figure 6.
Based the 2020 Phase I ERD injection at the site, the anticipated average injection rate will be 2
gallons per minute (gpm) at an average of 28 pounds per square inch (psi). Using the anticipated
injection rate, the average and maximum daily quantities of SRS®-SD to be injected are 1,000 to
1,500 gallons, respectively. During the injection process, mounding of the water table around
the injection wells will be monitored by measuring the depth to water in nearby monitoring wells
and comparing the readings with pre-injection measurements.

Due to elevated cis-1,2-DCE concentrations near MW-9S, 4 injection points in this area will
receive twice as much injectant, if possible.

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Please note that some lateral displacement of groundwater (and dissolved contaminants) due to
injection is possible. Displacement is relative to the injection radius of influence, which will
vary from well to well. The plume displacement is not expected to be significant. The area of
influence from each row of injection wells is anticipated to overlap and intercept the core of the
plume, should it be displaced.
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ATTACHMENT 5

Fracturing is not proposed for this project.

ATTACHMENT 6
WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Seventy-seven temporary injection points will be advanced using direct push technology (DPT)
drilling equipment to a depth of approximately 44 to 46 ft, depending on DPT refusal depth. A
four-ft long, 1 3/4-diameter stainless steel sheath with a detachable drive point will be driven to
inject in the proposed 16 ft depth interval. The injection interval will start near the top of the
water table and extend downward. The rods and sheath will be retracted up the borehole at up to
four ft intervals to allow injection of a predetermined volume of injectant through each four ft
interval. This process will continue until the total 16 ft treatment interval is completed.
Following each injection, the borehole will be abandoned with a bentonite-grout slurry. The
concrete surface will be patched for injection points installed through the concrete slab in the
building. No drill cuttings are expected. A temporary injection well diagram is provided on
Figure 6.

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ATTACHMENT 7
MONITORING PLAN

7.1 Baseline Monitoring

H&H proposes to use the November 2021 comprehensive groundwater monitoring event to
establish baseline conditions for the Phase II ERD injection. The November 2021 sampling
event was the fourth quarter sampling event since the Phase I ERD injection.

In November 2021, groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2S,
MW-2D, MW-3S, MW-3D, MW-4S, MW-4D, MW-5S, MW-5D, MW-6S, MW-7S, MW-8S,
MW-9S, MW-10S, MW-11S, and MW-11D. Field measurements, including dissolved oxygen
(DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH, specific conductivity, ferrous iron, and
temperature, were recorded during purging activities at each of the monitoring well locations.
Groundwater samples were submitted to a North Carolina certified laboratory for analysis of
Contaminants of Concern (COC) VOCs by EPA Method 8260 and the natural attenuation
parameter total organic carbon (TOC).

Seven monitoring wells (MW-3S, MW-6S, MW-7S, MW-9S, MW-10S, MW-11S, and MW-
11D) were also analyzed for dissolved gases using RSK 175 and Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) metals. The dissolved gas analysis was to check for ethene which
provides evidence of complete PCE reduction. The metals analysis was to check for metal
solubilization due to changes in geochemistry.

Due to elevated compound concentrations near the source area, purge water generated during the
groundwater sampling of monitoring wells MW-3S, MW-3D, MW-7S, MW-9S, MW-10S, MW-
11S, and MW-11D were containerized in a 55-gallon drum. In addition, based on relatively high
prior detections, purge water from MW-5D and MW-6S also were drummed. A sample will be
collected from the drum for waste disposal purposes. The drum sample was analyzed for
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) VOCs and TCLP RCRA metals. The IDW
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drum was characterized as non-hazardous water, profiled, and properly disposed at a permitted
facility.
November 2021 groundwater sample results are summarized on Table 2, and groundwater field
parameters are summarized in Table 3. PCE concentrations detected in the shallow and deeper
monitoring wells are shown on Figures 7 and 8, respectively.
7.2 Semi-Annual Performance Monitoring
Based on the amount of groundwater data collected to date that indicate ERD is effectively
treating the groundwater PCE plume, semi-annual post-injection performance monitoring will be
conducted instead of quarterly monitoring. Semi-annual monitoring will start 3 months after the
Phase II ERD injection. The semi-annual monitoring is a reduction over the quarterly
monitoring proposed in the RAP. During the first post-injection semi-annual sampling event,
groundwater samples will be collected from MW-3S, MW-4S, MW-4D, MW-5S, MW-5D, MW-
6S, MW-7S, MW-9S, MW-10S, MW-11S, and MW-11D. Please note that following the first
post-injection semi-annual sampling event, downgradient monitoring wells MW-4S, MW-4D,
MW-5S, and MW-5D will only be sampled during the annual sampling events. However,
because the annual event will follow the first semi-annual event, these four downgradient wells
will be sampled twice in the first year after the injection. A matrix showing the proposed
injection performance monitoring is provided as Table 6.

Field measurements, including DO, ORP, pH, specific conductivity, ferrous iron, and
temperature, will be recorded during purging activities at each of the monitoring well locations.
Groundwater samples will be submitted to a North Carolina certified laboratory for analysis of
COC VOCs by EPA Method 8260, the natural attenuation parameter TOC, dissolved gases using
RSK 175, and RCRA metals. For quality assurance purposes, one duplicate sample and one trip
blank will also be submitted for analysis of COC VOCs by EPA Method 8260.
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Every other semi-annual sampling event, or annual event, will include more comprehensive
groundwater sampling data similar to the November 2021 baseline sampling event.
Groundwater samples will be collected from the same monitoring wells sampled during the
baseline sampling event and for the same parameter list as the baseline sampling event. For
quality assurance purposes, one duplicate sample and one trip blank will also be submitted for
analysis of COC VOCs by EPA Method 8260.
After two years following the Phase II ERD injection, H&H will review the groundwater results
to evaluate if additional injections are warranted to spot treat areas if significant concentration
rebound is observed. Once concentrations have been reduced by the ERD injections by an order
of magnitude or more or if conditions are stable, groundwater performance monitoring will be
reduced to an annual basis.

As previously noted, purge water from wells MW-3S, MW-3D, MW-7S, MW-9S, MW-10S,
MW-11S, and MW-11D will be drummed and characterized for proper off-site disposal. H&H
anticipates that the TCLP results will indicate that the drum can be managed as non-hazardous.
7.3 Reporting
In accordance with the UIC permit, an Injection Event Record will be submitted to the UIC
Program within 30 days of completing the Phase II ERD injection event. In addition, monitoring
reports will be completed within approximately 90 days of each post-injection semi-annual
sampling event. The monitoring reports will also serve as Remedial Action Progress Reports
(RAPRs). The first monitoring report will summarize the first post-injection semi-annual
groundwater data, Phase II ERD injection activities, management of wastes, manifests, well
construction completion records, laboratory analytical data, and other documentation of the
Phase II ERD implementation activities. Laboratory analytical data will include the laboratory
results, QA/QC results, and chain of custody documentation. Please note that the reports may
also include SVE data for recently installed system. The monitoring reports will be prepared
under the supervision of a NC Professional Engineer or Licensed Geologist.
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The monitoring reports will be utilized to evaluate the continued reduction of VOC
concentrations in groundwater in the Phase I ERD injection area and the effectiveness of the
Phase II ERD injection. After one to two years following the Phase II ERD injection, H&H will
review the groundwater results to evaluate if additional injections are warranted to spot treat
areas if significant concentration rebound is observed.
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ATTACHMENT 8
WELL DATA TABULATION
Available information on existing or abandoned on-site monitoring wells within the area of review
of the injection wells that penetrate the proposed injection zone is provided in Table 1.
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ATTACHMENT 9
MAPS AND CROSS-SECTIONS
Site maps are included as Figures 1 through 5 and Figures 7 through 9. Geologic cross-sections
are provided as Figures 10 and 11.
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Hart & Hickman, PC

Hart & Hickman, PC

Hart & Hickman, PC

Hart & Hickman, PC

Hart & Hickman, PC

Hart & Hickman, PC

SITE
APPROXIMATE
TITLE
4000
SITE LOCATION MAP
02000
N
PROJECT
FORMER KNITRONICS
SCALE IN FEET
1515 WEST ACADEMY STREET
CHERRYVILLE, NC
U.S.G.S. QUADRANGLE MAP
WACO, NORTH CAROLINA, 1976
DATE:
--202
0
REVISION NO:
QUADRANGLE
7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
JOB NO:
MOH-01
FIGURE:1

FIGURE NO. 4
REVISION NO. 0
ADJACENT PROPERTY BOUNDARY
SITE PROPERTY BOUNDARYSURFACE WATER FEATURESHALLOW MONITORING WELLWATER SUPPLY WELL LOCATIONGROUNDWATER ELEVATION (FT MSL)
LEGENDLOCATIONBEDROCK MONITORING WELLLOCATIONDEEPER MONITORING WELL LOCATIONESTIMATED GROUNDWATERELEVATION CONTOUR (FT MSL)INFERRED GROUNDWATER FLOWDIRECTION
)
(NOVEMBER 2021)
863.86
(
1515 WEST ACADEMY STREET
FORMER KNITRONICS FACILITY
CHERRYVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
BASE MAP OBTAINED FROM SURVEY CONDUCTED BY JIMHAINES SURVEYORS, JANUARY 2018.MONITORING WELLS GAUGED ON 11/16/21.
POTENTIOMETRIC MAP - SHALLOW WELLS
2.JOB NO. MOH-013
NOTES:
1.DATE: 5/5/22
LANDFILL AREA
PRE-REGULATORY
)
MW-8S
863.86
(
WOODED
)
MW-4D
871.37
MW-5S
(
)
MW-4S
872.37
(
SB-2
MW-5D
WOODED
SB-3
)
)
CONCRETE WASTEWATERTREATMENT BASIN (EMPTY)
879.02
MW-10S(
WOODED
FUEL OIL AST(TREE FARM)
878.89
(
MW-3D
MW-11S
)
879.15
MW-9S(
MW-11D
)
WOODED
879.17
)
(
MW-3S
881.00
MW-6S
(
)
885.73
MW-7S(
)
(881.88
MW-2S
FACILITY
MW-2D
FORMER KNITRONICS
WSW-2
WSW-1
)
SB-1
886.88
(
MW-1
S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Figures.dwg, FIG 4, 5/9/2022 1:18:33 PM, akairy

FIGURE NO. 5
REVISION NO. 0
ADJACENT PROPERTY BOUNDARY
SITE PROPERTY BOUNDARYSURFACE WATER FEATURESHALLOW MONITORING WELLWATER SUPPLY WELL LOCATIONGROUNDWATER ELEVATION (FT MSL)
LEGENDLOCATIONBEDROCK MONITORING WELLLOCATIONDEEPER MONITORING WELL LOCATIONESTIMATED GROUNDWATERELEVATION CONTOUR (FT MSL)INFERRED GROUNDWATER FLOWDIRECTION
)
(NOVEMBER 2021)
872.26
(
1515 WEST ACADEMY STREET
FORMER KNITRONICS FACILITY
CHERRYVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
POTENTIOMETRIC MAP - DEEP WELLS
BASE MAP OBTAINED FROM SURVEY CONDUCTED BY JIMHAINES SURVEYORS, JANUARY 2018.MONITORING WELLS GAUGED ON 11/16/21.
2.JOB NO. MOH-013
NOTES:
1.DATE: 5/5/22
LANDFILL AREA
PRE-REGULATORY
MW-8S
WOODED
)
872.26
MW-4D
(
MW-5S
)
MW-4S
MW-5D867.47
(
WOODED
)
CONCRETE WASTEWATERTREATMENT BASIN (EMPTY)
MW-10S
WOODED
FUEL OIL AST(TREE FARM)
876.95
MW-3D
(
MW-11S
)
MW-9S
879.36
(
MW-11D
WOODED
MW-3S
MW-6S
MW-7S
MW-2S
)
FACILITY
885.41
(
MW-2D
FORMER KNITRONICS
WSW-2
WSW-1
MW-1
S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Figures.dwg, FIG 5, 5/9/2022 1:19:16 PM, akairy

S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Well Diagram.dwg, FIG 6, 5/16/2022 12:35:23 PM, akairy

FIGURE NO. 7
REVISION NO. 0
ADJACENT PROPERTY BOUNDARY
SITE PROPERTY BOUNDARYSURFACE WATER FEATURESHALLOW MONITORING WELLWATER SUPPLY WELL LOCATION
LEGENDLOCATIONBEDROCK MONITORING WELLLOCATIONDEEPER MONITORING WELL LOCATIONPCE CONCENTRATION PCE ISOCONCENTRATION CONTOURNOT DETECTED
)
ND
(NOVEMBER 2021)
68.5
(
CONCENTRATIONS MAP
1515 WEST ACADEMY STREET
FORMER KNITRONICS FACILITY
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER PCE
CHERRYVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
BASE MAP OBTAINED FROM SURVEY CONDUCTED BY JIMHAINES SURVEYORS, JANUARY 2018.MONITORING WELLS SAMPLED NOVEMBER 2021.
2.
NOTES:1.
JOB NO. MOH-013
DATE: 5/5/22
LANDFILL AREA
PRE-REGULATORY
)
MW-8S
<0.220
(
WOODED
)
MW-4D
20.8
(
MW-5S
)
68.5
(
MW-4S
MW-5D
WOODED
)
)
TREATMENT BASIN (EMPTY)
CONCRETE WASTEWATER
232
(
MW-10S
WOODED
FUEL OIL AST(TREE FARM)
<2.20
(MW-3D
MW-11S
)
410
(
MW-9S
MW-11D
)
WOODED
MW-3S
13,700
)
(
(1,560
MW-6S
)
0.726
MW-7S(
)
<0.220
(
MW-2S
FACILITY
MW-2D
FORMER KNITRONICS
WSW-2
WSW-1
)
<0.220
(
MW-1
S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Figures.dwg, FIG 7, 5/9/2022 1:22:10 PM, akairy

FIGURE NO. 8
REVISION NO. 0
ADJACENT PROPERTY BOUNDARY
SITE PROPERTY BOUNDARYSURFACE WATER FEATURESHALLOW MONITORING WELLWATER SUPPLY WELL LOCATION
LEGENDLOCATIONBEDROCK MONITORING WELLLOCATIONDEEPER MONITORING WELL LOCATIONPCE CONCENTRATION PCE ISOCONCENTRATION CONTOURNOT DETECTED
)
(NOVEMBER 2021)
ND
4.42
(
DEEPER GROUNDWATER
PCE CONCENTRATIONS MAP
1515 WEST ACADEMY STREET
FORMER KNITRONICS FACILITY
CHERRYVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
BASE MAP OBTAINED FROM SURVEY CONDUCTED BY JIMHAINES SURVEYORS, JANUARY 2018.MONITORING WELLS SAMPLED IN NOVEMBER 2021.
2.
NOTES:1.
JOB NO. MOH-013
DATE: 5/5/22
LANDFILL AREA
PRE-REGULATORY
MW-8S
WOODED
)
0.270 J
MW-4D
(
MW-5S
)
MW-4S
673
(
MW-5D
WOODED
)
CONCRETE WASTEWATERTREATMENT BASIN (EMPTY)
MW-10S
WOODED
FUEL OIL AST(TREE FARM)
262
(
MW-3D
MW-11S
)
MW-9S
605
(
MW-11D
WOODED
MW-3S
MW-6S
MW-7S
MW-2S
)
FACILITY
MW-2D4.42
(
FORMER KNITRONICS
WSW-2
WSW-1
MW-1
S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Figures.dwg, FIG 8, 5/9/2022 1:23:11 PM, akairy

S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-013 Phase II ERD and SVE O&M\\Phase II Injection\\UIC Permit\\Figures\\MOH-013 Soil PCE.dwg, FIG 9, 5/9/2022 1:55:52 PM, akairy

APPENDIX A

SLUG TESTING RESULTS AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY SUMMARY TABLE

10.
1.
Displacement (ft)
0.1
0.01
0.400.800.1.2E+31.6E+32.0E+3
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-02S.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:29:34
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-02S
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-02S)
Initial Displacement:1.85ftStatic Water Column Height:3.86ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:3.86ftScreen Length:3.86ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 0.385ft/dayy0 = 1.627ft

1.
0.1
Displacement (ft)
0.01
0.180.360.540.720.900.
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-04S.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:30:50
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-04S
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-04S)
Initial Displacement:0.87ftStatic Water Column Height:5.85ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:5.85ftScreen Length:5.85ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 0.5829ft/dayy0 = 0.6784ft

10.
1.
Displacement (ft)
0.1
0.400.800.1.2E+31.6E+32.0E+3
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-05S.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:31:14
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-5S
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-05S)
Initial Displacement:2.82ftStatic Water Column Height:3.5ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:3.5ftScreen Length:3.5ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 0.1859ft/dayy0 = 2.593ft

10.
1.
Displacement (ft)
0.1
0.01
0.400.800.1.2E+31.6E+32.0E+3
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-02D.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:31:47
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-02D
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-02D)
Initial Displacement:9.96ftStatic Water Column Height:92.01ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:90.86ftScreen Length:5.ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.3333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 0.7899ft/dayy0 = 9.588ft

10.
1.
Displacement (ft)
0.1
0.80.160.240.320.400.
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-03D.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:32:31
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-03D
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-03D)
Initial Displacement:5.ftStatic Water Column Height:67.35ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:67.35ftScreen Length:5.ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.3333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 2.139ft/dayy0 = 5.128ft

10.
1.
Displacement (ft)
0.1
0.16.32.48.64.80.
Time (sec)
WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Data Set:S:\\...\\MW-05D.aqt
Date:09/20/17Time:08:32:53
PROJECT INFORMATION
Company:Hart and Hickman
Client:Mohican
Project:MOH.005
Location:Cherryville, NC
Test Well:MW-5D
Test Date:09/06/2017
AQUIFER DATA
Saturated Thickness:20.ftAnisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr):1.
WELL DATA (MW-5D)
Initial Displacement:2.29ftStatic Water Column Height:59.49ft
Total Well Penetration Depth:53.49ftScreen Length:5.ft
Casing Radius:0.08333ftWell Radius:0.3333ft
SOLUTION
Aquifer Model:UnconfinedSolution Method:Bouwer-Rice
K = 17.64ft/dayy0 = 2.286ft

6935
58
153227
(ft/yr)
1,314
Velocity
Seepage
Table 6 (Page 1 of 1)
Hart & Hickman, PC
0.250.250.250.050.050.05
Porosity
Effective
0.010.01
0.010.010.010.01
(ft/ft)
Gradient
Hydraulic
555
151515
(ft)
Length
Screen
).
e
28
332884
120102
Well Depth (ft)
Table 6
H&H Job. No. MOH-005
Former Knitronics Facility
Cherryville, North Carolina
Bouwer-RiceBouwer-RiceBouwer-RiceBouwer-RiceBouwer-RiceBouwer-Rice
Solution Method
Hydraulic Conductivity Data Summary
18
2.13.1
0.19
0.390.580.790.35
(ft/day)
Hydraulic
Conductivity
9/6/2017
9/5/20179/5/20179/5/20179/6/20179/6/2017
Date Conducted
MW-2SMW-4SMW-5S
MW-2DMW-3DMW-5D
Identification
Monitoring Well
Shallow Wells (Saprolite)Intermediate Wells (Partially Weathered Rock)Geometric Mean Shallow WellsGeometric Mean Intermediate WellsAssumptions:Effective porosity assumed
based on Domenico and Schwartz, 1990 (silt) and Freeze and Cherry, 1979 (fractured crystalline rock).Hydraulic gradient based on potentiometric surfaces for shallow and deep wells on
January 6, 2017.Seepage velocity calculated by Hydraulic Conductivity (k) x Hydraulic Gradient (i)/Effective Porosity (n
S:\\AAA-Master Projects\\Mohican Mills - MOH\\MOH-005 Phase II RI\\Phase II RI Report\\Tables\\Phase II Tables

APPENDIXB

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

®
Patented Injection Ready 60% SRS-SD Small
Droplet Emulsified Vegetable Oil (EVO) Substrate
for Maximum Radius of Influence
United States Patent #RE40,448
SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. Product Identification
®
Synonyms: 60% Small Droplet Slow Release Substrate (SRS-SD)
Emulsified Vegetable Oil Substrate (EVO)
Recommended Use: Treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated
solvents and other anaerobically degradable compounds.
Supplier: Terra Systems, Inc.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1
Claymont, Delaware 19703
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
www.terrasystems.net

2. Hazards Identification
Emergency Overview
Caution: May cause eye irritation.
Health Rating: 1 - Slight
Flammability Rating: 1 - Slight
Reactivity Rating: 1 - Slight
Contact Rating: 1 - Slight
Protective Equipment: Goggles; Proper Gloves
Storage Color Code: Green (General Storage)
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation: Not expected to be a health hazard. If heated, may produce
vapors or mists that irritate the mucous membranes and
cause irritation, dizziness, and nausea. Remove to fresh air.
Ingestion: Not expected to be a health hazard via ingestion. Large
doses may produce abdominal spasms or diarrhea.
Skin Contact: No adverse effects expected. May cause irritation or
sensitization in sensitive individuals.
Eye Contact: May cause mild irritation, possible reddening.
Chronic Exposure: No information found.
Aggravation of Pre-existing
Conditions: No information found.

130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

3. Composition/Information on Ingredients

Ingredient Synonyms CAS # Percent Hazardous
Soy bean oil Soya oil 8001-22-7 60% No
Emulsifiers and proprietary
nutrient package containing
Mixture 7.5 - 10% No
nitrogen, phosphorus and
vitamin B
12
2-
Sodium lactate hydroxpropionic 72-17-3 5.5% Yes
acid sodium salt
Water 7732-18-5 Difference No
The emulsifiers and nutrient package mixture is a trade secret and consists of ingredients of
unknown acute toxicity.

4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Not expected to require first aid measures. Remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty.
Ingestion: If large amounts were swallowed, give water to drink and get
medical advice.
Skin Contact: Not expected to require first aid measures. Wash exposed area
with soap and water. Get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Get
medical attention if irritation persists.

5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire: Flash point: >200 C (>392 F). Not considered to be a fire
hazard. Isolate from heat and open flame.
Explosion: Not considered to be an explosion hazard. Closed containers
may explode if exposed to extreme heat.
Fire Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Water spray may be
ineffective on fire but can protect fire-fighters and cool closed
containers. Use fog nozzles if water is used.
Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-
approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face
piece operated in the pressure demand or other positive
pressure mode.

6. Accidental Release Measures
Clean-up personnel may require protective clothing. Absorb in sa
other inert material. Scoop up and containerize for disposal. Flush trace residues to sewer with
soap and water. Containerized waste may be sent to an approved waste disposal facility.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

7. Handling and Storage
Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Do not store in sunlight or above 32 C (90 F). Keep
container tightly closed and upright when not in use to prevent leakage. Observe all warnings
and precautions listed for the product. Protect against physical damage.

If container begins to bulge, open cap slowly to release carbon dioxide from biological activity
on the SRS-SD and call TSI.

Containers of this material are not hazardous when empty since they do not contain vapors or
harmful substances; if drum or tote is observed to bulge, keep cap off as pressurization can occur
on empty container with caps in place unless container is thoroughly rinsed.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits: None established.
Ventilation System: Not expected to require any special ventilation.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH
Approved): Not expected to require personal respirator usage.
Skin Protection: Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing.
Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full-face shield where
splashing is possible. Provide readily accessible eye wash
stations and safety showers.
Slips, Trips, and Falls: Material is slippery when spilled. Clean up with sand, paper

9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: White liquid.
Odor: Vegetable oil.
Solubility: Miscible in water.
Specific Gravity (water=1): 0.95-0.98. 8.09 pounds per gallon.
pH: 6-7 (40% aqueous solution)
% Volatiles by volume
@ 21C (70F): Negligible.
Boiling Point: > 100C (> 212F)
Melting Point: No information found.
Flash Point (F): No information found.
Autoignition Temperature: No information found.
Decomposition Temperature: No information found.
Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found.
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): < 1.0 @ 20C (68F).
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.
Viscosity @23 C (73 F): 213 centipoises (1.2 centipoises diluted 1:10)
Partition Coefficient
(octanol/water): No information found.

130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Reactivity: Not reactive under ordinary conditions.
Hazardous Decomposition
Products: Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when
heated to decomposition.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, acids.
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatibles. Isolate from heat and open flame.

11. Toxicological Information
Soybean Oil: No information found on toxicology. It is not a carcinogen
listed by IARC, NTP, NIOSH, OSHA, or ACGIH.
Emulsifier/Nutrient Mixture: No information found on toxicology. It is not a carcinogen
listed by IARC, NTP, NIOSH, OSHA, or ACGIH.
Sodium Lactate: Oral rat LD50: 2,000 mg/kg. 100 mg caused mild irritation to
rabbit eye in Draize test. This compound is not listed as a
carcinogen by IARC, NRP, NIOSH, OSHA, or ACGIM.
SRS-SD: The toxicity of the mixture has not been measured.

12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate: No information found.
Environmental Toxicity: No information found.
Degradability: This product is completely biodegradable under both aerobic
and anaerobic conditions.
Soil Mobility: This compound will move with groundwater until the adsorbed
onto the soil. Degradation products may be mobile.
Bioaccumulation Potential: No information found.

13. Disposal Considerations
Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and
approved waste disposal facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change
the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal
disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state
and local requirements.

14. Transport Information
Not regulated.

15. Regulatory Information

130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

OSHA STATUS: This product is not hazardous under the criteria of the Federal OSHA hazard
Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200. However, thermal processing and decomposition
fumes from this product may be hazardous as noted in Section 10.

TSCA STATUS: No component of this product is listed on the TSCA inventory.

CERCLA (Comprehensive Response Compensation, and Liability Act): Not reportable.

SARA TITLE III (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act)
Section 312 Extremely Hazardous Substances: None
Section 311/312 Hazard Categories: Non-hazardous Under Section 311/312
Section 313 Toxic Chemicals: None

RCRA STATUS: If discarded in its purchased form, this product would not be a hazardous waste
either by listing or by characteristic. However, under RCRA, it is the responsibility of the
product user to determine at the time of disposal, whether a material containing the product or
derived from the product should be classified as a hazardous waste. (40 CFR 261.20-24)

CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65: The following statement is made in order to comply with the
California safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. The product contains no
chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer.

16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 1 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 1
Date Prepared: September 11, 2019
Revision Information: SDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document
include: Updated Section 3 Composition/Information on
Ingredients.
Disclaimer: Terra Systems, Inc. provides the information contained herein
in good faith but makes no representation as to its
comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended
only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the
material by a properly trained person using this product.
Individuals receiving the information must exercise their
independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a
particular purpose. TERRA SYSTEMS, INC. MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET
FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE
INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, TERRA
SYSTEMS, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE
UPON THIS INFORMATION.
Prepared by: Terra Systems, Inc.
Phone Number: [phone] (U.S.A.)

130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

TERRA SYSTEMS, INC DECHLORINATING
BIOAUGMENTATION CULTURE (TSI-DC)
SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. Product Identification
Synonyms: Dehalococcoides or DHC Microbial Consortium (TSI-DC)
Recommended Use: Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with
chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethene and
trichloroethene.
Supplier: Terra Systems, Inc.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1
Claymont, Delaware 19703
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
www.terrasystems.net

2. Hazards Identification
The available data indicates no known hazards associated with exposure to this product.
Nevertheless, individuals who are allergic to enzymes or other related proteins should avoid
exposure and handling. Health effects associated with exposure to similar organisms are listed
below.
Emergency Overview
Caution: May cause eye irritation or discomfort if ingested or
inhaled or allergic reaction to sensitive individuals.
Health Rating: 1 - Slight
Flammability Rating: 0 - None
Reactivity Rating: 0 - None
Contact Rating: 1 - Slight
Protective Equipment: Goggles; Proper Gloves
Storage Color Code: Green (General Storage)
Potential Health Effects
Inhalation: Not expected to be a health hazard. Hypersensitive
individuals may experience breathing difficulties after
inhalation of aerosols.
Ingestion: Not expected to be a health hazard via ingestion. Ingestion
of large quantities may result in abdominal discomfort
including nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, and fever.
Skin Contact: No adverse effects expected. May cause irritation or
sensitization in sensitive individuals upon prolonged
contact.
Eye Contact: May cause mild irritation, possible reddening unless
immediately rinsed.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

Chronic Exposure: No information found.
Aggravation of Pre-existing
Conditions: No information found.

3. Composition/Information on Ingredients

Ingredient Synonyms CAS #Percent Hazardous
Non-hazardous ingredientsDHC Not 100% No
applicable

4. First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Not expected to require first aid measures. Remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty or if allergic
symptoms develop.
Ingestion: Thoroughly rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting
unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Get immediate
medical attention. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious or convulsing person.
Skin Contact: Not expected to require first aid measures. Wash exposed area
with soap and water. Get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Get
medical attention if irritation persists.
Note to Physicians: All treatments should be based on observed signs and
symptoms of distress in the patient. Consideration should be
given to the possibility that overexposure to materials other
than this material may have occurred.

5. Fire Fighting Measures
Fire: Non-flammable. Flash point and flammable limits are not
available.
Explosion: Not considered to be an explosion hazard.
Fire Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water.
Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-
approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face
piece operated in the pressure demand or other positive
pressure mode.

6. Accidental Release Measures
Clean-up personnel may require protective clothing and avoid skin contact. Absorb in sand,
paper towels, or other inert material. Scoop up and containerize for disposal. Flush trace residues
to sewer with soap and water. Containerized waste may be sent to an approved waste disposal
facility. After clean-up, disinfect all cleaning materials and storage containers that come in
contact with the spilled liquid.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

7. Handling and Storage
Avoid breathing breathe aerosol. Avoid contact with skin. Use personal protective equipment
recommended in Section 8. Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated area. The
DHC microbial consortium (TSI-DC) can be supplied in stainless steel kegs designed for
maximum working pressure of 130 psi and equipped with pressure relief valves. The kegs are
pressurized with nitrogen gas up to the pressure of 15 psi. Do not exceed pressure of 15 psi
during transfer of DHC microbial consortium (TSI-DC
the keg is under pressure. DHC microbial consortium (TSI-DC) may be stored for up to 3 weeks
at temperature 2-4C without aeration. Avoid freezing.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Airborne Exposure Limits: None established.
Ventilation System: Not expected to require any special ventilation. Provide
adequate ventilation to remove odors.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH
Approved): Not expected to require personal respirator usage. If aerosols
might be generated, use N95 respirator.
Skin Protection: Wear protective rubber, nitrile, or vinyl gloves and clean body-
covering clothing.
Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where
splashing is possible. Provide readily accessible eye wash
stations and safety showers.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: Light greenish, murky liquid.
Odor: Musty.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Specific Gravity (water=1): 1.0. 8.34 pounds per gallon.
pH: 6-8
% Volatiles by volume
@ 21C (70F): Negligible.
Boiling Point: 100C (212F)
Melting Point: 0C (32F)
Flash Point (F): No information found.
Autoignition Temperature: No information found.
Decomposition Temperature: No information found.
Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found.
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): 24 mm @ 25C (77F).
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.
Viscosity @23 C (73 F): 1 centipoises
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

Partition Coefficient
(octanol/water): No information found.

10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Reactivity: Not reactive under ordinary conditions.
Hazardous Decomposition
Products: None.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, acids, water reactive materials.
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatibles. Isolate from heat and open flame.

11. Toxicological Information
TSI-DC No information found on toxicology. It is not a carcinogen
listed by IARC, NTP, NIOSH, OSHA, or ACGIH. It has tested
negative for pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillus
cereus, Listeria monocytogens, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas
sp., fecal coliform, total coliform, yeast, and mold.

12. Ecological Information
Environmental Fate: No information found.
Environmental Toxicity: No information found.
Degradability: This product is completely biodegradable under both aerobic
and anaerobic conditions.
Soil Mobility: This compound will move with groundwater until the adsorbed
onto the soil.
Bioaccumulation Potential: No information found.

13. Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal Method: No special disposal methods are required. The material is compatible
with all known biological treatment methods. To reduce odors and permanently inactivate
microorganisms, mix 100 parts (by volume) of TSI-DC consortium with 1 part (by volume) of
bleach. Dispose of in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.

14. Transport Information
DOT Classification: N/A
Labeling: NA
Shipping Name: Not regulated

15. Regulatory Information

OSHA STATUS: This product is not hazardous under the criteria of the Federal OSHA hazard
Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200.
130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

TSCA STATUS: No component of this product is listed on the TSCA inventory.
CERCLA (Comprehensive Response Compensation, and Liability Act): Not reportable.

SARA TITLE III (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act)
Section 312 Extremely Hazardous Substances: None
Section 311/312 Hazard Categories: Non-hazardous Under Section 311/312
Section 313 Toxic Chemicals: None

RCRA STATUS: If discarded in its purchased form, this product would not be a hazardous waste
either by listing or by characteristic. However, under RCRA, it is the responsibility of the
product user to determine at the time of disposal, whether a material containing the product or
derived from the product should be classified as a hazardous waste. (40 CFR 261.20-24)

CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65: The following statement is made in order to comply with the
California safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. The product contains no
chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer.

16. Other Information
NFPA Ratings: Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0
Date Prepared: March 26, 2014
Revision Information: SDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document
include: None.
Disclaimer: Terra Systems, Inc. provides the information contained herein
in good faith but makes no representation as to its
comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended
only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the
material by a properly trained person using this product.
Individuals receiving the information must exercise their
independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a
particular purpose. TERRA SYSTEMS, INC. MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET
FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE
INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, TERRA
SYSTEMS, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE
UPON THIS INFORMATION.
Prepared by: Terra Systems, Inc.
Phone Number: [phone] (U.S.A.)

130 Hickman Road, Suite 1 Claymont, DE 19703 Telephone [phone] www.terrasystems.net

Version 6.6
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Revision Date 10/07/2020
Print Date 05/14/2022

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
1.1 Product identifiers
Product name :
Calcium carbonate

Product Number : 239216
Brand : SIGALD
CAS-No. : 471-34-1
1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
3050 SPRUCE ST
ST. LOUIS MO 63103
UNITED STATES

Telephone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
1.4 Emergency telephone
Emergency Phone # : [phone] CHEMTREC (USA) +1-703-
527-3887 CHEMTREC (International) 24
Hours/day; 7 Days/week

SECTION 2: Hazards identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard (Category 3), H402
For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.
2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram none

Signal word none

Hazard statement(s)
H402 Harmful to aquatic life.

Precautionary statement(s)
P273 Avoid release to the environment.
P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal
SIGALD - 239216 Page 1 of 9

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plant.

2.3 Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) or not covered by GHS - none

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
Formula : CCaO
3
Molecular weight : 100.09 g/mol
CAS-No. : 471-34-1
EC-No. : 207-439-9

Component Classification Concentration
calcium carbonate
Aquatic Acute 3; H402 <= 100 %

For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.

SECTION 4: First aid measures
4.1 Description of first-aid measures
If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air.
In case of skin contact
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. Remove contact lenses.
If swallowed
After swallowing: make victim drink water (two glasses at most). Consult doctor if feeling
unwell.
4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section
2.2) and/or in section 11
4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
5.1 Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Use extinguishing
measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
SIGALD - 239216 Page 2 of 9

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Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.For this
substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Calcium oxide
Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.
5.3 Advice for firefighters
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
5.4 Further information
none

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Advice for non-emergency personnel: Avoid inhalation of dusts. Evacuate the danger
area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
For personal protection see section 8.
6.2 Environmental precautions
No special precautionary measures necessary.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Observe possible material restrictions (see sections 7 and 10). Take up dry. Dispose of
properly. Clean up affected area. Avoid generation of dusts.
6.4 Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Keep in a dry place. hygroscopic
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids
7.3 Specific end use(s)
Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Ingredients with workplace control parameters
SIGALD - 239216 Page 3 of 9

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Component CAS-No. Value Control Basis
parameters
calcium carbonate 471-34-1 PEL 10 mg/m3 California permissible exposure
limits for chemical
contaminants (Title 8, Article
107)

PEL 5 mg/m3 California permissible exposure
limits for chemical
contaminants (Title 8, Article
107)

Remarks The concentration and percentage of the particulate used
for this limit are determined from the fraction passing a size
selector with the following characteristics: Aerodynamic
Diameter in Micrometers (unit density sphere).................
Percent Passing Selector 0
.................................................. 100 1
.................................................. 97 2
.................................................. 91 3
................................................... 74 4
................................................... 50 5
................................................... 30 6
................................................... 17 7
................................................... 9 8
................................................... 5 10
.................................................... 1

TWA 5 mg/m3 USA. NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits

Occurs in nature as as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite,
aragonite, calcite & oyster shells.

TWA 10 mg/m3 USA. NIOSH Recommended
Exposure Limits

Occurs in nature as as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite,
aragonite, calcite & oyster shells.
8.2 Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
Change contaminated clothing. Wash hands after working with substance.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate
government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Safety glasses
Skin protection
This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet,
supplied by us and for the designated use. When dissolving in or mixing with other
substances and under conditions deviating from those stated in EN374 please
contact the supplier of CE-approved gloves (e.g. KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell,
Internet: www.kcl.de).
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

SIGALD - 239216 Page 4 of 9

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This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet,
supplied by us and for the designated use. When dissolving in or mixing with other
substances and under conditions deviating from those stated in EN374 please
contact the supplier of CE-approved gloves (e.g. KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell,
Internet: www.kcl.de).
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

Respiratory protection
required when dusts are generated.
Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following
standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to
the used respiratory protection system.

Control of environmental exposure
No special precautionary measures necessary.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
b) Odor No data available
c) Odor Threshold No data available
d) pH 8.0
e) Melting Melting point/freezing point: 800 °C (1472 °F) - Decomposes on
point/freezing point heating.
f) Initial boiling point 800 °C 1472 °F
and boiling range
g) Flash point ()No data available
h) Evaporation rate No data available
i) Flammability (solid, The product is not flammable. - Test N.1: Test method for
gas) readily combustible solids
j) Upper/lower No data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapor pressure No data available
l) Vapor density No data available
m) Relative density 2.93 g/cm3 at 25 °C (77 °F)
n) Water solubility 0.017 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F) - OECD Test Guideline 105 - slightly
soluble
o) Partition coefficient: Not applicable for inorganic substances
n-octanol/water
p) Autoignition not auto-flammable
SIGALD - 239216 Page 5 of 9

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temperature
q) Decomposition No data available
temperature
r) Viscosity No data available
s) Explosive properties No data available
t) Oxidizing properties No data available
9.2 Other safety information
No data available

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
No data available
10.2 Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
No data available
10.4 Conditions to avoid
Exposure to moisture may affect product quality.
no information available
10.5 Incompatible materials
Strong oxidizing agents, Acids, Magnesium, Aluminum
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
Other decomposition products - No data available
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Calcium oxide
In the event of fire: see section 5

SECTION 11: Toxicological information
11.1 Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - Rat - female - > 2,000 mg/kg
(OECD Test Guideline 420)
LC50 Inhalation - Rat - male and female - 4 h - > 3 mg/l
(OECD Test Guideline 403)
LD50 Dermal - Rat - male and female - > 2,000 mg/kg
(OECD Test Guideline 402)
No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin - reconstructed human epidermis (RhE)
Result: No skin irritation - 15 min
(OECD Test Guideline 439)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes - Bovine cornea
Result: No eye irritation - 4 h
SIGALD - 239216 Page 6 of 9

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(OECD Test Guideline 437)
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Local lymph node assay (LLNA) - Mouse
Result: negative
(OECD Test Guideline 429)
Germ cell mutagenicity
Ames test
Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhimurium
Result: negative
Mutagenicity (mammal cell test): chromosome aberration.
Human lymphocytes
Result: negative
In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test
mouse lymphoma cells
Result: negative
Carcinogenicity
IARC: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
NTP: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as a known or anticipated carcinogen by NTP.
OSHA: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
cinogens.
Reproductive toxicity
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
No data available
Aspiration hazard
No data available
Additional Information
Repeated dose toxicity - Rat - male and female - Oral - 48 Days - NOAEL (No observed
adverse effect level) - 1,000 mg/kg
RTECS: FF9335000

To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not
been thoroughly investigated.

Hazardous properties cannot be excluded but are unlikely when the product is handled
appropriately.
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.

!

SECTION 12: Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity

Toxicity to fish semi-static test LC50 - Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) - > 100
mg/l - 96 h
SIGALD - 239216 Page 7 of 9

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(OECD Test Guideline 203)

Toxicity to daphnia static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - > 100 mg/l - 48 h
and other aquatic (OECD Test Guideline 202)
invertebrates

Toxicity to algae static test ErC50 - Desmodesmus subspicatus (green algae) - 14
mg/l - 72 h
(OECD Test Guideline 201)

Toxicity to bacteria static test EC50 - activated sludge - > 1,000 mg/l - 3 h
(OECD Test Guideline 209)
12.2 Persistence and degradability
Biodegradability aerobic - Exposure time 28 d
Result: 90 % - Readily biodegradable.
(OECD Test Guideline 301B)
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
Bioaccumulation is unlikely.
12.4 Mobility in soil
No data available
12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not
conducted
12.6 Other adverse effects
No ecological problems are to be expected when the product is handled and used with due
care and attention.

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Waste treatment methods
Product
Waste material must be disposed of in accordance with the national and loc No mixing
with other waste. Handle uncleaned containers like the product See
www.retrologistik.com for processes regarding the return of chemicals and containers, or
contact us there if you have further questions.

SECTION 14: Transport information
DOT (US)
Not dangerous goods

IMDG
Not dangerous goods

IATA
Not dangerous goods

Further information
Not classified as dangerous in the meaning of transport regulations.

SIGALD - 239216 Page 8 of 9

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operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

SARA 302 Components
This material does not contain any components with a section 302 EHS TPQ.
SARA 313 Components
This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that
exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section
313.
SARA 311/312 Hazards
No SARA Hazards
Massachusetts Right To Know Components
No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.

No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.
Pennsylvania Right To Know Components
calcium carbonate CAS-No. Revision Date
471-34-1

New Jersey Right To Know Components
calcium carbonate CAS-No. Revision Date
471-34-1

SECTION 16: Other information
Further information
The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive
and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the
present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to
appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of
the product. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any
damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See
www.sigma-aldrich.com and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional
terms and conditions of sale.

Copyright 2020 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies
for internal use only.
The branding on the header and/or footer of this document may temporarily not visually
match the product purchased as we transition our branding. However, all of the
information in the document regarding the product remains unchanged and matches the
product ordered. For further information please contact [e-mail].

Version: 6.6 Revision Date: 10/07/2020 Print Date: 05/14/2022

SIGALD - 239216 Page 9 of 9

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Version 6.8
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Revision Date 04/29/2021
Print Date 05/14/2022

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
1.1 Product identifiers
Product name :
(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate

Product Number : A7631
Brand : Sigma
CAS-No. : 134-03-2
1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
3050 SPRUCE ST
ST. LOUIS MO 63103
UNITED STATES

Telephone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
1.4 Emergency telephone
Emergency Phone # : [phone] CHEMTREC (USA) +1-703-
527-3887 CHEMTREC (International) 24
Hours/day; 7 Days/week

SECTION 2: Hazards identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Combustible dust,
Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard (Category 3), H402
For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.
2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram none

Signal word Warning

Hazard statement(s)
May form combustible dust concentrations in air.
H402 Harmful to aquatic life.

Sigma - A7631
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Precautionary statement(s)
P273 Avoid release to the environment.
P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal
plant.

2.3 Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) or not covered by GHS
Combustible dust
May form explosible dust-air mixture if dispersed.

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
Synonyms : Vitamin C sodium salt
L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt

Formula : CHNaO
676
Molecular weight : 198.11 g/mol
CAS-No. : 134-03-2
EC-No. : 205-126-1

Component Classification Concentration
sodium ascorbate, L-
; Aquatic Acute 3; , H402 <= 100 %

For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.

SECTION 4: First aid measures
4.1 Description of first-aid measures
If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air.
In case of skin contact
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. Remove contact lenses.
If swallowed
After swallowing: make victim drink water (two glasses at most). Consult doctor if feeling
unwell.
4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section
2.2) and/or in section 11
4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available

Sigma - A7631
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SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
5.1 Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder
Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides
Sodium oxides
Combustible.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.
Risk of dust explosion.
5.3 Advice for firefighters
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
5.4 Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet. Prevent fire
extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Advice for non-emergency personnel: Avoid inhalation of dusts. Evacuate the danger
area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
For personal protection see section 8.
6.2 Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills. Observe possible material restrictions
(see sections 7 and 10). Take up dry. Dispose of properly. Clean up affected area. Avoid
generation of dusts.
6.4 Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage conditions
Tightly closed. Dry.
Light sensitive.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids
7.3 Specific end use(s)
Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated
Sigma - A7631
Page 3 of 8

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operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Ingredients with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
8.2 Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
Change contaminated clothing. Wash hands after working with substance.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate
government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Safety glasses
Respiratory protection
required when dusts are generated.
Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following
standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to
the used respiratory protection system.

Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: light yellow
b) Odor odorless
c) Odor Threshold Not applicable
d) pH 7 - 8 at 100 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F)
e) Melting Melting point/range: 220 °C (428 °F)
point/freezing point
f) Initial boiling point No data available
and boiling range
g) Flash point No data available
h) Evaporation rate No data available
i) Flammability (solid, May form combustible dust concentrations in air.
gas)
j) Upper/lower No data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapor pressure No data available
l) Vapor density No data available
m) Relative density 1.88 at 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) - OECD Test Guideline 109
Sigma - A7631
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n) Water solubility 642.6 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F) - OECD Test Guideline 105 -
completely soluble
o) Partition coefficient: log Pow: < -4.2 at 22 °C (72 °F) - Bioaccumulation is not
n-octanol/water expected.
p) Autoignition No data available
temperature
q) Decomposition 232 °C (450 °F) -
temperature
r) Viscosity No data available
s) Explosive properties No data available
t) Oxidizing properties No data available
9.2 Other safety information
Surface tension 74 mN/m at 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) - OECD Test Guideline 115

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures: in
correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally
be assumed.
10.2 Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
Violent reactions possible with:
Oxidizing agents

10.4 Conditions to avoid
Light.
no information available
10.5 Incompatible materials
No data available
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
In the event of fire: see section 5

SECTION 11: Toxicological information
11.1 Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - Rat - 11,900 mg/kg
Remarks: (calculated on the free acid)(RTECS)
Inhalation: No data available

Dermal: No data available
No data available
Sigma - A7631
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Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin - Rabbit
Result: No skin irritation - 4 h
(OECD Test Guideline 404)
Remarks: (in analogy to similar products)
The value is given in analogy to the following substances: ascorbic acid
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes - Rabbit
Result: No eye irritation
(OECD Test Guideline 405)
Remarks: (in analogy to similar products)
The value is given in analogy to the following substances: ascorbic acid
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Local lymph node assay (LLNA) - Mouse
Result: negative
(OECD Test Guideline 429)

Germ cell mutagenicity
No data available

Carcinogenicity
IARC: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.

NTP: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as a known or anticipated carcinogen by NTP.
OSHA: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is

Reproductive toxicity
No data available

Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
No data available
Aspiration hazard

11.2 Additional Information
RTECS: CI7671000

To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not
been thoroughly investigated.

This substance is an essential part of the human diet.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.

Sigma - A7631
Page 6 of 8

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operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

SECTION 12: Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity

Toxicity to fish static test LC50 - Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) - > 1,020
mg/l - 96 h
(OECD Test Guideline 203)

Toxicity to daphnia semi-static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - 74 mg/l - 48 h
and other aquatic (OECD Test Guideline 202)
invertebrates

Toxicity to algae static test ErC50 - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata - > 74 mg/l - 72
h
(OECD Test Guideline 201)
12.2 Persistence and degradability
Biodegradability aerobic - Exposure time 28 d
Result: > 99 % - Readily biodegradable.
(OECD Test Guideline 301A)
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
No data available
12.4 Mobility in soil
No data available
12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not
conducted
12.6 Other adverse effects
No data available

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Waste treatment methods
Product
Waste material must be disposed of in accordance with the national and local regulations.
Leave chemicals in original containers. No mixing with other waste. Handle uncleaned
containers like the product itself. See www.retrologistik.com for processes regarding the
return of chemicals and containers, or contact us there if you have further questions.

SECTION 14: Transport information
DOT (US)
Not dangerous goods

IMDG
Not dangerous goods

IATA
Not dangerous goods

Sigma - A7631
Page 7 of 8

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Further information
Not classified as dangerous in the meaning of transport regulations.

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

SARA 302 Components
This material does not contain any components with a section 302 EHS TPQ.
SARA 313 Components
This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that
exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section
313.
SARA 311/312 Hazards
No SARA Hazards
Massachusetts Right To Know Components
No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.

No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.
Pennsylvania Right To Know Components
sodium ascorbate, L- CAS-No. Revision Date
134-03-2

New Jersey Right To Know Components
sodium ascorbate, L- CAS-No. Revision Date
134-03-2

SECTION 16: Other information
Further information
The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive
and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the
present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to
appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of
the product. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any
damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See
www.sigma-aldrich.com and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional
terms and conditions of sale.

Copyright 2020 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies
for internal use only.
The branding on the header and/or footer of this document may temporarily not visually
match the product purchased as we transition our branding. However, all of the
information in the document regarding the product remains unchanged and matches the
product ordered. For further information please contact [e-mail].

Version: 6.8 Revision Date: 04/29/2021 Print Date: 05/14/2022

Sigma - A7631
Page 8 of 8

The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

Version 6.4
SAFETY DATA SHEET
Revision Date 02/08/2022
Print Date 05/14/2022

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
1.1 Product identifiers
Product name :
Sodium bicarbonate

Product Number : S5761
Brand : Sigma
CAS-No. : 144-55-8
1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Synthesis of substances

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
3050 SPRUCE ST
ST. LOUIS MO 63103
UNITED STATES

Telephone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
1.4 Emergency telephone
Emergency Phone # : [phone] CHEMTREC (USA) +1-703-
527-3887 CHEMTREC (International) 24
Hours/day; 7 Days/week

SECTION 2: Hazards identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not a hazardous substance or mixture.
2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Not a hazardous substance or mixture.
2.3 Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) or not covered by GHS - none

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
3.1 Substances
Synonyms : Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Formula : CHNaO
3
Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

Molecular weight : 84.01 g/mol
CAS-No. : 144-55-8
EC-No. : 205-633-8

No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations.

SECTION 4: First aid measures
4.1 Description of first-aid measures
If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air.
In case of skin contact
In case of skin contact: Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. Remove contact lenses.
If swallowed
After swallowing: make victim drink water (two glasses at most). Consult doctor if feeling
unwell.
4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section
2.2) and/or in section 11
4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
5.1 Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Nature of decomposition products not known.
Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.
5.3 Advice for firefighters
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
5.4 Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet. Prevent fire
extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Advice for non-emergency personnel: Avoid inhalation of dusts. Evacuate the danger
area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
For personal protection see section 8.
6.2 Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills. Observe possible material restrictions
(see sections 7 and 10). Take up dry. Dispose of properly. Clean up affected area. Avoid
generation of dusts.
6.4 Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage
7.1 Precautions for safe handling
For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Storage conditions
Tightly closed. Dry.
Storage class
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids
7.3 Specific end use(s)
Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1 Control parameters
Ingredients with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
8.2 Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
Change contaminated clothing. Wash hands after working with substance.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate
government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Safety glasses
Skin protection
This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet,
supplied by us and for the designated use. When dissolving in or mixing with other
substances and under conditions deviating from those stated in EN374 please
contact the supplier of CE-approved gloves (e.g. KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell,
Internet: www.kcl.de).
Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet,
supplied by us and for the designated use. When dissolving in or mixing with other
substances and under conditions deviating from those stated in EN374 please
contact the supplier of CE-approved gloves (e.g. KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell,
Internet: www.kcl.de).
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 741 Dermatril® L

Respiratory protection
required when dusts are generated.
Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following
standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to
the used respiratory protection system.

Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
b) Odor odorless
c) Odor Threshold Not applicable
d) pH ca.8.6 at 50 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F)
e) Melting Melting point/range: 270 °C (518 °F)
point/freezing point
f) Initial boiling point Not applicable
and boiling range
g) Flash point ()Not applicable
h) Evaporation rate No data available
i) Flammability (solid, The product is not flammable. - Flammability (solids)
gas)
j) Upper/lower No data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapor pressure 0.669 hPa at 20 °C (68 °F) - Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008,
Annex, A.4
l) Vapor density No data available
Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

m) Density 2.160 g/cm3
Relative density 2.2220 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
n) Water solubility 93.4 g/l at 20 °C (68 °F) - OECD Test Guideline 105
o) Partition coefficient: - Not applicable for inorganic substances
n-octanol/water
p) Autoignition No data available
temperature
q) Decomposition > 50 °C (> 122 °F) -
temperature
r) Viscosity No data available
s) Explosive properties No data available
t) Oxidizing properties none
9.2 Other safety information
No data available

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
10.1 Reactivity
No data available
10.2 Chemical stability
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions
Violent reactions possible with:
Alkali metals
acids
Generates dangerous gases or fumes in contact with:
ammonium compounds

10.4 Conditions to avoid
Exposure to moisture.
no information available
10.5 Incompatible materials
No data available
10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
In the event of fire: see section 5

Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

SECTION 11: Toxicological information
11.1 Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - Rat - male and female - > 4,000 mg/kg
(US-EPA)
LC50 Inhalation - Rat - male and female - 4.5 h - > 4.74 mg/l - dust/mist

(US-EPA)
Dermal: No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin - Rabbit
Result: slight irritation - 4 h
(US-EPA)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes - Rabbit
Result: slight irritation
(US-EPA)
Respiratory or skin sensitization
No data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
No data available
Carcinogenicity
IARC: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
NTP: No ingredient of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
identified as a known or anticipated carcinogen by NTP.
OSHA: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is
s list of regulated carcinogens.
Reproductive toxicity
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
No data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
No data available
Aspiration hazard
No data available
11.2 Additional Information
RTECS: VZ0950000
Exposure to large amounts can cause:, Gastrointestinal disturbance, Heavy or prolonged
skin exposure may result in the absorption of harmful amounts of material.
To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not
been thoroughly investigated.

However, when the product is handled appropriately, hazardous effects are unlikely to
occur.

Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.

SECTION 12: Ecological information
12.1 Toxicity

Toxicity to fish flow-through test LC50 - Lepomis macrochirus - 7,100 mg/l - 96 h
(US-EPA)

Toxicity to daphnia flow-through test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - 3,100 mg/l -
and other aquatic 48 h
invertebrates (US-EPA)
12.2 Persistence and degradability
The methods for determining biodegradability are not applicable to inorganic substances.
12.3 Bioaccumulative potential
No data available
12.4 Mobility in soil
No data available
12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not
conducted
12.6 Endocrine disrupting properties
No data available
12.7 Other adverse effects
No data available

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
13.1 Waste treatment methods
Product
Waste material must be disposed of in accordance with the national and local regulations.
Leave chemicals in original containers. No mixing with other waste. Handle uncleaned
containers like the product itself. See www.retrologistik.com for processes regarding the
return of chemicals and containers, or contact us there if you have further questions.

SECTION 14: Transport information
DOT (US)
Not dangerous goods

IMDG
Not dangerous goods

IATA
Not dangerous goods

Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada

Further information
Not classified as dangerous in the meaning of transport regulations.

SECTION 15: Regulatory information

SARA 302 Components
This material does not contain any components with a section 302 EHS TPQ.
SARA 313 Components
This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that
exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section
313.
SARA 311/312 Hazards
No SARA Hazards
Massachusetts Right To Know Components
No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.

SECTION 16: Other information
Further information
The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive
and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the
present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to
appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of
the product. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation and its Affiliates shall not be held liable for any
damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See
www.sigma-aldrich.com and/or the reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional
terms and conditions of sale.

Copyright 2020 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. License granted to make unlimited paper copies
for internal use only.
The branding on the header and/or footer of this document may temporarily not visually
match the product purchased as we transition our branding. However, all of the
information in the document regarding the product remains unchanged and matches the
product ordered. For further information please contact [e-mail].

Version: 6.4 Revision Date: 02/08/2022 Print Date: 05/14/2022

Sigma - S5761
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The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada