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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20080868 Ver 2_Cover and TOC 2021 PCS Creeks Report_20220605ANNUAL CREEKS REPORT 2021 DATA COLLECTION YEAR PCS PHOSPHATE COMPANY, INC.* Prepared for: PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. Environmental Affairs Department Aurora, NC Prepared by: CZR Incorporated, Wilmington, NC 4709 College Acres Drive Suite 2 Wilmington, NC 28403 Dr. Suelen Tullio Principal Investigator (Water Quality) Dr. Sid Mitra Contributor (DOC/TDN) East Carolina University Greenville, NC Mr. Larry Eaton Contributor (Macroinvertebrates) Eaton Scientific, LLC Raleigh, NC J U LY 2022 * Effective January 1, 2018, PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. is an indirect subsidiary of Nutrien Ltd. PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. remains the legal operating entity and permittee. ANNUAL CREEKS REPORT FOR 2021 DATA COLLECTION YEAR PCS PHOSPHATE COMPANY, INC.* Prepared for: PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. Environmental Affairs Department Aurora, North Carolina Prepared by: CZR Incorporated Wilmington, North Carolina and Dr. Suelen Tullio, Principal Investigator (Water Quality) Dr. Sid Mitra, Contributor (DOC, TDN) East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Mr. Larry Eaton, Contributor (Macroinvertebrates) Eaton Scientific LLC Raleigh, North Carolina July 2022 Cover photos (upper right top to lower left bottom): Trawling in Jacks Creek, May 2021 Benthos sweep collection downstream Jacks Creek, May 2021 SCUT1 upstream Aqua TROLL pier (SC1S1), May 2021 DCUT11 view upstream from DC11W1B, May 2021 * Effective January 1, 2018, PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. is an indirect subsidiary of Nutrien Ltd. PCS Phosphate Company, Inc. remains the legal operating entity and permittee. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES xxv LIST OF APPENDICES xxxi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xxxii I. INTRODUCTION I-A-1 A. BACKGROUND I-A-1 1.0 Drainage Basin Acreage Adjustments 1-A-2 2.0 Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L Year Data Set Revisions 1-A-3 B. CREEKS MONITORED IN 2021 I-B-1 C. CUMULATIVE AND 2021 MINING, MINE -RELATED ACTIVITIES, AND DRAINAGE BASINS I-C-1 D. DROUGHT I-D-1 E. EXTREME EVENTS OR STORMS I-E-1 F. RAINFALL I-F-1 G. TAR RIVER DISCHARGE I-G-1 II. CORPS PERMIT SPECIAL CONDITION S - SIX QUESTIONS II-A-1 A. QUESTION 1-HAS MINING ALTERED THE AMOUNT OR TIMING OF WATER FLOWS WITHIN THE CREEKS? II-A-1 1.0 History of Flow Monitoring II-A-1 2.0 Requests from the 2019 Science Panel Meeting II-A-2 a. 2021 Flow Videos, Observations, and Summary II-A-3 b. Unobserved flow II-A-5 i. Jacks Creek Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L II-A-5 ii. Drinkwater Creek Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L II-A-6 iii. Porter Creek Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L II-A-6 iv. DCUT11 Creek Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L II-A-6 B. QUESTION 2-HAS MINING ALTERED THE GEOMORPHIC OR VEGETATIVE CHARACTER OF THE CREEKS? I I-B-1 C. QUESTION 3- HAS MINING ALTERED THE FORAGE BASE OF THE CREEKS? I I-C-1 1.0 Fish II-C-1 2.0 Fish Guilds II-C-3 a. Pre -Mod Alt L Creek I I-C-4 i. Broomfield Swamp Creek II-C-4 b. Post -Mod Alt L Creeks I I-C-4 i. Jacks Creek I I-C-4 ii. Jacobs Creek I I-C-4 iii. Drinkwater Creek II-C-5 iv. Tooley Creek I I-C-5 v. Huddles Cut II-C-5 vi. Porter Creek I I-C-6 vii. DCUT11 II-C-6 c. Mod Alt L Control Creeks I I-C-6 i. SCUT1 I I-C-6 ii. Little Creek II-C-6 iii. PA2 II-C-6 iv. Long Creek I I-C-7 v. Muddy Creek II-C-7 vi. DCUT19 II-C-7 vii. Duck Creek II-C-7 3.0 Grass Shrimp II-C-8 4.0 Penaeid Shrimp and Blue Crab II-C-8 5.0 Macroinvertebrates II-C-8 6.0 Macroinvertebrate Guilds II-C-10 D. QUESTION 4- HAS MINING ALTERED THE USE OF THE CREEK BY MANAGED FISH? II-D-1 E. QUESTION 5- HAS MINING INCREASED CONTAMINATE [SIC] LEVELS WITHIN CREEK SEDIMENTS TO LEVELS THAT COULD IMPACT FISH OR INVERTEBRATES? II-E-1 F. QUESTION 6-HAS MINING ALTERED OVERALL WATER QUALITY WITHIN CREEKS? II-F-1 III. ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION OF SUMMARY RESULTS BY PARAMETER III-A-1 A. SALINITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES III-A-1 1.0 Environmental Variables III-A-1 a. Salinity and Tar River Discharge III-A-1 b. Salinity and Water Depth III-A-2 c. Salinity and Rainfall III-A-2 d. Salinity and Wind III-A-2 2.0 Interannual and/or Monthly Comparisons III-A-4 a. Broomfield Swamp Creek and SCUT1 (control) III-A-4 3.0 Pre -/Post- Mod Alt L Comparisons III-A-4 a. Jacks Creek III-A-4 b. South Creek (SS1) (control) III-A-5 c. Little Creek (control) III-A-6 d. Jacobs Creek III-A-6 e. PA2 (control) III-A-7 f. Drinkwater Creek III-A-7 g. Long Creek (control) III-A-8 h. Tooley Creek III-A-8 i. Pamlico River (PS1) (control) III-A-9 j. Huddles Cut III-A-9 k. Porter Creek III-A-10 I. Durham Creek DCS1 (control), DCUT11, and DCUT19 (control) III-A-11 m. Duck Creek (control) III-A-12 4.0 Summary and Conclusions III-A-12 B. WETLAND HYDROLOGY III-B-1 1.0 Wetland Hydroperiods by Creek III-B-1 a. Broomfield Swamp Creek III-B-1 b. SCUT1 III-B-1 c. Jacks Creek III-B-1 d. Jacobs Creek III-B-2 e. Drinkwater Creek III-B-2 f. Long Creek (control) III-B-3 g. Tooley Creek III-B-3 h. Huddles Cut III-B-3 i. Main Prong III-B-3 ii. West Prong III-B-4 i. Porter Creek III-B-4 j. DCUT11 III-B-5 k. DCUT19 (control) III-B-5 I. Duck Creek (control) III-B-5 2.0 PCS Deep Wells and Water Levels in CZR Wetland Level TROLLs III-B-6 a. Porter Creek III-B-6 b. DCUT11 III-B-7 c. Conclusions III-B-7 C. WATER QUALITY III-C-1 1.0 History III-C-1 a. Description of Analysis Techniques III-C-1 2.0 Results III-C-3 a. Temporal variability (2012-2021) in all creeks III-C-3 i. Broomfield Swamp Creek water quality station BSCWQ1 III-C-4 ii. Broomfield Swamp Creek water quality station BSCWQ2 III-C-4 iii. Broomfield Swamp Creek water quality station BSCWQ3 III-C-4 iv. SCUT1 water quality station SC1WQ1 III-C-4 v. SCUT1 water quality station SC1WQ2 III-C-4 vi. SCUT1 water quality station SC1WQ3 III-C-4 vii. Jacks Creek water quality station JWQ1 III-C-4 vii. Jacks Creek water quality station JWQ2 III-C-4 viii. Little Creek water quality station LCWQ1 III-C-5 ix. Little Creek water quality station LCWQ2 III-C-5 x. Jacobs Creek water quality station JCBWQ1 III-C-5 xi. Jacobs Creek water quality station JCBWQ2 III-C-5 xii. PA2 water quality station PA2WQ1 III-C-5 xiii. PA2 water quality station PA2WQ2 III-C-5 xiv. Drinkwater Creek water quality station DWWQ1 III-C-5 xv. Drinkwater Creek water quality station DWWQ2 III-C-6 xvi. Long Creek water quality station LOCWQ1 III-C-6 xvii. Long Creek water quality station LOCWQ2 III-C-6 xvix. Tooley Creek water quality station TWQ1 III-C-6 xx. Tooley Creek water quality station TWQ2 III-C-6 xxi. Tooley Creek water quality station TWQ3 III-C-6 xxii. Huddles Cut water quality station HWQ1 III-C-6 xxiii. Huddles Cut water quality station HWQ2 III-C-6 xxiv. Huddles Cut water quality station HWQ3 III-C-7 xxv. Huddles Cut water quality station HWQ4 III-C-7 xxvi. Porter Creek water quality station PCWQ1 III-C-7 xxvii. Porter Creek water quality station PCWQ2 III-C-7 xxviii. DCUT11 water quality station DC11WQ1 III-C-7 xxix. DCUT19 water quality station DC19WQ1 III-C-7 xxx. Duck Creek water quality station DKCWQ1 III-C-7 xxxi. Duck Creek water quality station DKCWQ2 III-C-7 b. Spatial variability (2012-2021) in all creeks III-C-8 i. Depth III-C-8 ii. Temperature III-C-8 iii. Salinity III-C-8 iii. Conductivity III-C-9 iv. Turbidity III-C-9 v. Dissolved oxygen III-C-9 vi. pH III-C-9 vii. NH4 (ammonium) III-C-9 viii. NO3 (nitrate) III-C-9 ix. DKN (dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen) III-C-9 xi. PN (particulate nitrogen) III-C-9 xii. Total dissolved nitrogen III-C-9 xiii. PO4 (orthophosphate) III-C-9 xiv. TDP (total dissolved phosphate) III-C-10 xv. PP (particulate phosphate) III-C-10 xvi. Chlorophyll a III-C-10 xviii. DOC (Dissolved organic carbon) III-C-10 c. Interannual Variability (Pre- and Post -Mod Alt L Creeks) III-C-10 i. Jacks Creek III-C-10 ii. Jacobs Creek III-C-10 iii. Drinkwater Creek III-C-10 iv. Tooley Creek III-C-11 v. Huddles Cut III-C-11 vi. Porter Creek III-C-11 vii. DCUT11 III-C-11 iv 3.0 Summary and Conclusions III-C-11 a. Temporal variability III-C-11 b. Spatial variability III-C-11 D. METALS III-D-1 1.0 Sediment Metals III-D-1 2.0 Water Column Metals III-D-3 E. VEGETATION III-E-1 1.0 Results and Discussion III-E-1 a. Broomfield Swamp Creek III-E-1 b. SCUT1 (control) III-E-2 c. Jacks Creek III-E-2 d. Jacobs Creek III-E-2 e. Drinkwater Creek III-E-2 f. Tooley Creek III-E-3 g. Long Creek (control) III-E-3 h. Huddles Cut Main Prong III-E-3 i. Huddles Cut West Prong III-E-4 j. Porter Creek III-E-5 k. DCUT11 III-E-6 I. DCUT19 (control creek) III-E-6 m. Duck Creek (control creek) III-E-6 2.0 Summary and Conclusions III-E-7 F. FISH III-F-1 1.0 Results and Discussion III-F-1 a. Pre -Mod Alt L Creeks III-F-1 i. Broomfield Swamp Creek III-F-1 b. Post -Mod Alt L Creeks III-F-2 i. Jacks Creek III-F-2 ii. Jacobs Creek III-F-4 iii. Drinkwater Creek III-F-5 iv. Tooley Creek III-F-7 v. Huddles Cut III-F-9 vi. Porter Creek III-F-10 vii. DCUT11 III-F-11 c. Mod -Alt L Control Creeks III-F-12 i. SCUT1 III-F-12 ii. Little Creek III-F-13 iii. PA2 III-F-14 iv. Long Creek III-F-14 v. Muddy Creek III-F-15 vi. DCUT19 III-F-16 vii. Duck Creek III-F-16 2.0 Summary and Conclusions III-F-17 G. BENTHOS III-G-1 1.0 Results and Discussion of Sweep and Ponar Data III-G-1 a. Pre -Mod Alt L Creeks Sweep and Ponar Grab Data III-G-2 b. Post -Mod Alt L Creeks Sweep and Ponar Grab Data III-G-3 i. Jacks Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-3 ii. Jacks Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-4 iii. Jacks Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-4 iv. Jacks Creek Downstream Ponars III-G-5 i. Jacobs Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-6 ii. Jacobs Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-6 iii. Jacobs Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-7 iv. Jacobs Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-7 i. Drinkwater Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-8 ii. Drinkwater Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-8 iii. Drinkwater Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-9 iv. Drinkwater Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-9 i. Tooley Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-10 ii. Tooley Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-10 iii. Tooley Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-11 iv. Tooley Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-11 i. Huddles Cut Upstream Sweeps III-G-12 ii. Huddles Cut Downstream Sweeps III-G-13 iii. Huddles Cut Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-13 iv. Huddles Cut Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-14 i. Porter Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-14 ii. Porter Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-15 iii. Porter Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-16 iv. Porter Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-16 i. DCUT11 Upstream Sweeps III-G-17 ii. DCUT11 Downstream Sweeps III-G-17 iii. DCUT11 Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-18 iv. DCUT11 Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-18 c. Control Creeks Sweep and Ponar Grab Data III-G-18 i. Little Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-19 ii. Little Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-20 iii. Little Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-20 iv. Little Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-20 i. PA2 Upstream Sweeps III-G-21 ii. PA2 Downstream Sweeps III-G-21 iii. PA2 Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-22 iv. PA2 Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-22 i. Long Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-22 ii. Long Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-23 iii. Long Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-23 iv. Long Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-23 i. Muddy Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-24 ii. Muddy Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-24 iii. Muddy Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-25 iv. Muddy Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-25 i. DCUT19 Upstream Sweeps III-G-25 ii. DCUT19 Downstream Sweeps III-G-26 iii. DCUT19 Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-26 iv. DCUT19 Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-26 i. Duck Creek Upstream Sweeps III-G-27 ii. Duck Creek Downstream Sweeps III-G-27 iii. Duck Creek Upstream Ponar Grabs III-G-27 iv. Duck Creek Downstream Ponar Grabs III-G-28 2.0 Ponar Grabs Benthic Feeding Guild and Trophic Level Results III-G-28 a. Post -Mod Alt L Creeks Guild Data from Ponar Grabs III-G-29 i. Jacks Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-29 ii. Jacks Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-30 iii. Jacobs Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-30 iv. Jacobs Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-31 v. Drinkwater Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-31 vi. Drinkwater Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-32 vii. Tooley Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-32 viii. Tooley Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-33 ix. Huddles Cut Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-34 x. Huddles Cut Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-34 xi. Porter Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-35 xii. Porter Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-35 xiii. DCUT11 Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-36 vi xiv. DCUT11 Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-36 b. Control Creeks Guild/Trophic Level Data from Ponar Grabs III-G-37 i. Little Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-37 ii. Little Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-37 iii. PA2 Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-37 iv. PA2 Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-38 v. Long Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-38 vi. Long Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-38 vii. Muddy Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-38 viii. Muddy Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-39 ix. DCUT19 Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-39 x. DCUT19 Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-39 xi. Duck Creek Upstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-39 xii. Duck Creek Downstream Guilds/Trophic Levels III-G-40 3.0 Summary and Conclusions III-G-40 IV. LITERATURE CITED IV-1 vii SECTION I — INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND Figure I -Al LIST OF FIGURES Page Vicinity map of creeks monitored in the PCS creeks study I-A-6 B. CREEKS MONITORED IN 2021 Figure I-B1 Figure I-B2 Figure I-B3 Figure I-B4 Figure I-B5 Figure I-B6 Figure I-B7 Figure I-B8 Figure I-B9 Figure I-B10 Figure I-B11 Figure I-B12 Figure I-B13 Figure I-B14 Figure I-B15 Figure I-B16 Figure I-B17 Figure I-B18 Data collection locations in Broomfield Swamp Creek Data collection locations in SCUT1 (Control) Data collection locations in Jacks Creek Data collection locations in South Creek (Control) Data collection locations in Little Creek (Control) Data collection locations in Jacobs Creek Data collection locations in PA2 (Control) Data collection locations in Drinkwater Creek Data collection locations in Long Creek (Control) Data collection locations in Tooley Creek Data collection locations in Muddy Creek Data collection location in Pamlico River (Control) Data collection locations in Huddles Cut Data collection locations in Porter Creek Data collection location in Durham Creek (Control) Data collection locations in DCUT11 Data collection locations in DCUT19 (Control) Data collection locations in Duck Creek (Control) C. CUMULATIVE DRAINAGE BASIN REDUCTION Figure I-C1 Figure I-C2 D. DROUGHT No figures I-B-2 I-B-3 I-B-4 I-B-5 I-B-6 I-B-7 I-B-8 I-B-9 I-B-10 I-B-11 I-B-12 I-B-13 I-B-14 I-B-15 I-B-16 I-B-17 I-B-18 I-B-19 Mine continuation through 2021 I-C-2 Drainage areas impacted by mine activities within monitored creek study basins I-C-3 viii Page E. EXTREME EVENTS OR STORMS No figures F. RAINFALL Figure I-F1 Rainfall summary across years of creek study: monthly totals I-F-3 at station Gaylord Bay and 30-year WETS rainfall Figure I-F2 Annual rainfall for 2021 as determined by the USACE's 1-F-4 Antecedent Precipitation Tool (APT) G. TAR RIVER DISCHARGE Figure I-G1 Average daily Tar River discharge at Greenville, NC and daily rainfall at Aurora Plant Site during the years of the creek study SECTION II -CORPS PERMIT SPECIAL CONDITION S -SIX QUESTIONS Q1-FLOW No Figures Q2-CHARACTER Figure II-B1 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of Drinkwater Creek vegetation survey years based on the presence/absence of all species I-G-2 II-B-13 Figure II-B2 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of Long Creek II-B-13 (control) vegetation survey years based on the presence/absence of all species Figure II-B3 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of Huddles Cut II-B-14 main prong vegetation survey years based on the presence/absence of all species Figure II-B4 Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions II-B-14 on the main prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B5 Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions II-B-15 at each transect on the main prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B6 Linear regression for percent of dominant brackish intolerant species every year at HMW8 that was significantly different on the main prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L II-B-15 ix Figure II-B7 Linear regression for percent of dominant brackish intolerant species every year at HMW9 that was significantly different on the main prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Page II-B-16 Figure II-B8 Number of dominant species in the herb layer on the main II-B-16 prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B9 Number of pre- vs post -Mod Alt L dominant species in the herb II-B-17 herb layer at each transect on the main prong of Huddles Cut Figure II-B10 Number of pre- vs post -Mod Alt L dominant shrubs at each II-B-17 transect on the main prong of Huddles Cut Figure II-B11 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of vegetation II-B-18 survey years for presence/absence of all species at the west prong of Huddles Cut. Figure II-B12 Number of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions on the west prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B13 Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions at each transect on the west prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B14 Linear regression for percent of dominant brackish intolerant species every year at HWW2 that was significantly different on the west prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B15 Linear regression for percent of dominant brackish intolerant species every year at HWW8 that was significantly different on the west prong of Huddles Cut pre- vs post -Mod Alt L II-B-18 II-B-19 II-B-19 II-B-20 Figure II-B16 Number of dominant species on the west prong of Huddles Cut II-B-20 pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Figure II-B17 Number of pre- vs post -Mod Alt L dominant herbs at each II-B-21 transect on the west prong of Huddles Cut Figure II-B18 Number of pre- vs post -Mod Alt L dominant shrubs at each II-B-21 transect on the west prong of Huddles Cut Figure II-B19 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of II-B-22 vegetation survey years based presence/absence of all species at Porter Creek x Page Figure II-B20 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of II-B-22 vegetation survey years based presence/absence of all species at Duck Creek (Control) Figure II-B21 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of II-B-23 vegetation survey years based presence/absence of all species at DCUT11 Figure II-B22 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity of II-B-23 vegetation survey years based presence/absence of all species at DCUT19 (Control) Figure II-B23 Percent of species in three categories of wetland status II-B-24 documented in vegetation surveys in three impact creeks compared to control creek vegetation for the same survey years Figure II-B24 Longest combined pre- and post -Mod Alt L hydroperiod for II-B-26 each well in Drinkwater Creek relative to location in the creek system Figure II-B25 Longest combined pre- and post -Mod Alt L hydroperiod for II-B-26 each well in Tooley Creek relative to location in the creek system Figure II-B26 Longest combined pre- and post -Mod Alt L hydroperiod for II-B-27 each well in the main prong of Huddles Cut relative to location in the creek system Figure II-B27 Longest combined pre- and post -Mod Alt L hydroperiod II-B-27 and mean rainfall for each period in Huddles Cut Figure II-B28 Longest combined pre- and post -Mod Alt L hydroperiod for II-B-28 each well in DCUT11 relative to location in the creek system Q3- FORAGE BASE Figure II-C1 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish II-C-14 community abundance and composition among all fish species for trawl creeks and years sampled Figure II-C2 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish II-C-15 community abundance and composition among all fish species for fyke creeks and years sampled Figure II-C3 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-16 data among all fish species for trawl creeks and years sampled Figure II-C4 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-17 data among all fish species for fyke creeks and years sampled xi Page Figure II-05 Fish guilds of all creeks from 1999 to 2021 II-C-18 Figure II-C6 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-19 data among all trawls in Jacks Creek Figure II-C7 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-19 data among all trawls in Jacobs Creek Figure II-C8 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-20 data among all trawls in Drinkwater Figure II-C9 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-20 data among all trawls in Tooley Creek Figure II-C10 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-21 data among all fyke nets in Huddles Cut Figure II-C11 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-21 data among all fyke nets DCUT11 Figure II-C12 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-22 data among all trawls in Little Creek Figure II-C13 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-22 data among all trawls in PA2 Creek Figure II-C14 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-23 data among all trawls in Long Creek Figure II-C15 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-23 data among all trawls in Muddy Creek Figure II-C16 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish guild II-C-24 data among all trawls in Duck Creek Figure II-C17 a - d Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate taxa richness and abundance II-C-25 in upstream sweeps for all creek -years Figure II-C18 a - d Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate taxa richness and abundance II-C-26 in downstream sweeps for all creek -years Figure II-C19 a - c Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate taxa richness and abundance II-C-27 in upstream ponar grabs for all creek -years Figure II-C20 a - d Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate taxa richness and abundance II-C-28 in downstream ponar grabs for all creek -years xii Figure II-C21 a - f Six major components/axes generated from fuzzy correspondence analysis (FCA) of trophic level and functional feeding guilds designations for every species found in ponar grabs in study creeks across all years Page II-C-29 Figure II-C22 a - e Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate guilds assigned to II-C-30 upstream ponars for all creek -years Figure II-C23 Pre -/post -Mod Alt L upstream ponar benthic guilds FCA II-C-31 comparisons: between Porter Creek and Duck Creek and Porter Creek and Little Creek Figure II-C24 a - e Dendrogram for macroinvertebrate guilds assigned to II-C-32 downstream ponars for all creek -years Figure II-C25 Pre -/post -Mod Alt L upstream ponar benthic guilds FCA II-C-33 comparisons: between Drinkwater Creek and Long Creek, as well as Drinkwater Creek and PA2 Figure II-C26 Q4-MANAGED FISH Pre -/post -Mod Alt L downstream ponar benthic guilds FCA comparisons: between Tooley Creek and PA2 and Tooley Creek and Long Creek, as well as Tooley creek and Muddy Creek Figure II-D1 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish community abundance and composition among managed fish species for all trawl creeks and years sampled Figure II-D2 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for fish community abundance and composition among managed fish species for all fyke creeks and years sampled Q5-METALS II-C-34 II-D-5 II-D-6 Figure II-E1 Average sediment metals (Al and Fe) for all impact creeks II-E-5 with pre- and post -Mod Alt L data Figure II-E2 a - d Average sediment metals for all control creeks combined II-E-6 across years and creeks with both pre- and post -Mod Alt L data Figure II-E3 Sediment metal and TOC means combined into four categories: II-E-7 all years, all pre -Mod Alt L years, all post -Mod Alt L years, and all control creek years Figure II-E4a Combined pre -Mod Alt L water column metals concentrations compared to combined post -Mod Alt L values with all detected values and any <LOQs as detected values II-E-8 Figure II-E4b Combined pre -Mod Alt L water column metals concentrations compared to combined post -Mod Alt L value with only detections at or above LOQ Page II-E-8 Figure II-E5a Water column metal means for all years for all creeks by II-E-9 classification Figure II-E5b Water column metal means compared for all years by II-E-9 classification without Fe shown Figure II-E6 a - e Sediment selenium values for individual impact creeks II-E-10 and control creeks where significant increases were found pre- vs post -Mod Alt L Q6- WATER QUALITY Figure II-F1 Conceptual diagram to show temporal and spatial patterns II-F-3 among impact and control creeks SECTION III — ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION OF SUMMARY RESULTS BY PARAMETER A. SALINITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES Figure III -Al Tar River discharge from 1998 to 2021 III-A-14 Figure III-A2 Tar River discharge for all years of study and for each impact III-A-15 creek grouped by pre- and post -Mod Alt L Figure III-A3 Total annual rainfall at four long-term rain gauges over the III-A-16 years of the PCS creeks study Figure III-A4 Salinity boxplots for Broomfield Swamp Creek stations, III-A-17 compared to SCUT1 stations on annual basis with all years representing Broomfield Swamp Creek pre -Mod Alt L years Figure III-A5 Figure III-A6 Figure III-A7 Salinity box plots for Jacks Creek, South Creek, Little Creek, and PA2 stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre- and post -Mod L years for Jacks Creek Salinity box plots for Jacobs Creek stations compared to Long Creek, Little Creek, South Creek, and PA2 stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre - post -Mod Alt L years for Jacobs Creek Salinity box plots for Drinkwater Creek stations compared to Long Creek, Little Creek, South Creek, and PA2 stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre- and post -Mod Alt L years for Drinkwater Creek III-A-18 III-A-19 III -A-20 xiv Figure III-A8 Figure III-A9 Salinity boxplots for Tooley Creek stations compared to Long Creek and South Creek stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre- and post -Mod Alt L years for Tooley Creek Salinity boxplots for Huddles Cut stations compared to Duck Creek stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre- and post -Mod Alt L years for Huddles Cut Page III -A-21 III -A-22 Figure III-A10 Salinity boxplots for Porter Creek stations and the DCUT11 III-A-23 station compared to Durham Creek stations and Duck Creek stations on annual basis with control creek data arranged to match pre- and post -Mod Alt L years for Porter Creek and DCUT11 Figure III-Al1 Monthly salinities at non -control Aqua TROLLs: Jacks Creek, III-A-24 Jacobs Creek, and Drinkwater Creek Figure III-Al2 Monthly salinities at non -control Aqua TROLLs: Tooley Creek III-A-25 Figure III-A13 Monthly salinities at non -control Aqua TROLLs and two YSI III-A-26 Stations : Huddles Cut, Porter Creek, and DCUT11 Figure III-A14 Monthly salinities at control Aqua TROLLs: Little Creek, South III-A-27 Creek, PA2, and Long Creek Figure III -Al 5 Monthly salinities at control Aqua TROLLs: Duck Creek, Durham III-A-28 Creek, DCUT19, and Pamlico River B. WETLAND HYDROLOGY Figure III-B1 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Jacks Creek by year with III-B-8 total annual rainfall for each year Figure III-B2 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Jacobs and Drinkwater III-B-8 creeks by year with total annual rainfall for each year Figure III-B3 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Long Creek by year with III-B-9 total annual rainfall Figure III-B4 Longest hydroperiod for each well by year in Tooley Creek III-B-9 and total annual rainfall for each year Figure III-B5 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Huddles Cut main prong III-B-10 by year with total annual rainfall Figure III-B6 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Huddles Cut west III-B-10 prong by year with total annual rainfall xv Page Figure III-B7 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Porter Creek by year with III-B-11 total annual rainfall Figure III-B8 Longest hydroperiod for each well in DCUT11 by year with III-B-11 total annual rainfall for each year Figure III-B9 Longest hydroperiod for each well in DCUT19 by year with III-B-12 total annual rainfall Figure III-B10 Longest hydroperiod for each well in Duck Creek by year with III-B-12 total annual rainfall Figure III-B11 Locations of deep wells and Level TROLLs in Bonnerton area III-B-13 Figure III-B12 Hydrology of Level TROLLs in Porter Creek and times of deep III-B-14 well pump operation C. WATER QUALITY Figure III-C1 Principal Components Analysis biplot of interrelationships III-C-13 among all water quality variables Figure III-C2 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-14 Principal Component 2 over time at Broomfield Swamp Creek Station BSCWQ1 Figure III-C3 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-14 Principal Component 2 over time at Broomfield Swamp Creek Station BSCWQ2 Figure III-C4 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-14 Principal Component 2 over time at Broomfield Swamp Creek Station BSCWQ3 Figure III-05 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-15 Principal Component 2 over time at SCUT1 Station SC1WQ1 Figure III-C6 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-15 Principal Component 2 over time at SCUT1 Station SC1WQ2 Figure III-C7 Intra-annual variability of Principal Component 1 and III-C-15 Principal Component 2 over time at SCUT1 Station SC1WQ3 Figure III-C8 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-16 Component 2 over time at Jacks Creek Station JWQ1 Figure III-C9 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-16 Component 2 over time at Jacks Creek Station JWQ2 xvi Page Figure III-C10 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-17 Component 2 over time at Little Creek Station LCWQ1 Figure III-C11 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-17 Component 2 over time at Little Creek Station LCWQ2 Figure III-C12 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-18 Component 2 over time at Jacobs Creek Station JCBWQ1 Figure III-C13 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-18 Component 2 over time at Jacobs Creek Station JCBWQ2 Figure III-C14 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-19 Component 2 over time at PA2 Station PA2WQ1 Figure III-C15 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-19 Component 2 over time at PA2 Station PA2WQ2 Figure III-C16 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-20 Component 2 over time at Drinkwater Creek Station DWWQ1 Figure III-C17 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-20 Component 2 over time at Drinkwater Creek Station DWWQ2 Figure III-C18 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-21 Component 2 over time at Long Creek Station LOCWQ1 Figure III-C19 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-21 Component 2 over time at Long Creek Station LOCWQ2 Figure III-C20 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-22 Component 2 over time at Tooley Creek Station TWQ1 Figure III-C21 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-22 Component 2 over time at Tooley Creek Station TWQ2 Figure III-C22 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-22 Component 2 over time at Tooley Creek Station TWQ3 Figure III-C23 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-23 Component 2 over time at Huddles Cut Station HWQ1 Figure III-C24 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-23 Component 2 over time at Huddles Cut Station HWQ2 Figure III-C25 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-23 Component 2 over time at Huddles Cut Station HWQ3 xvi i Page Figure III-C26 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-23 Component 2 over time at Huddles Cut Station HWQ4 Figure III-C27 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-24 Component 2 over time at Porter Creek Station PCWQ1 Figure III-C28 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-24 Component 2 over time at Porter Creek Station PCWQ2 Figure III-C29 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-25 Component 2 over time at DCUT11 Station DC11 WQ1 Figure III-C30 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-25 Component 2 over time at DCUT19 Station DC19WQ1 Figure III-C31 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-26 Component 2 over time at Duck Creek Station DKCWQ1 Figure III-C32 Interannual variability of Principal Component 1 and Principal III-C-26 Component 2 over time at Duck Creek Station DKCWQ2 Figure III-C33 Agglomerative, hierarchical cluster analysis of annual means III-C-27 of each water quality parameter at each water quality station Figure III-C34 Comparison of mean depth for each group of water quality III-C-28 stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C35 Comparison of mean temperature for each group of water III-C-28 quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C36 Comparison of mean salinity for each group of water quality III-C-29 stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C37 Comparison of mean conductivity for each group of water III-C-29 quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C38 Comparison of mean turbidity for each group of water quality III-C-30 stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C39 Comparison of dissolved oxygen for each group of water III-C-30 quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C40 Comparison of mean pH for each group of water quality III-C-31 stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C41 Comparison of mean ammonium for each group of water III-C-31 quality stations identified by cluster analysis xvi i i Page Figure III-C42 Comparison of mean nitrate for each group of water quality III-C-32 stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C43 Comparison of mean dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen for each III-C-32 group of water quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C44 Comparison of mean particulate nitrogen for each group of III-C-33 water quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C45 Comparison of mean total dissolved nitrogen for each group III-C-33 of water quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C46 Comparison of mean orthophosphate for each group of water III-C-34 quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C47 Comparison of mean total dissolved phosphate for each III-C-34 group of water quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C48 Comparison of mean particulate phosphate for each group of III-C-35 water quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-C49 Comparison of mean chlorophyll a for each group of water III-C-35 quality stations identified by cluster analysis Figure III-050 Comparison of mean total dissolved organic carbon for each III-C-36 group of water quality stations identified by cluster analysis D. METALS Figure III-D1 Total organic carbon values in each study creek each year III-D-4 since 2013 Figure III-D2 a - d Reported sediment metals for Jacks Creek pre- and post -Mod III-D-5 Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D3 a - d Reported sediment metals for Jacobs Creek pre- and post -Mod III-D-6 Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D4 a - d Reported sediment metals for Drinkwater Creek pre- and III-D-7 post -Mod Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D5 a - d Reported sediment metals for Tooley Creek pre- and post -Mod III-D-8 Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D6 a - d Reported sediment metals for Huddles Cut pre- and post -Mod III-D-9 Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D7 a - d Reported sediment metals for Porter Creek pre- and post -Mod III-D-10 Alt L through 2021 xix Figure III-D8 a - d Reported sediment metals for DCUT11 pre- and post -Mod Alt L through 2021 Figure III-D9 a—d E. VEGETATION Figure III-E1 Figure III-E2 Figure III-E3 Figure III-E4 F. FISH Average water column metals for all control creeks combined across years and creeks with pre- and post -Mod Alt L data combined across creeks and years Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions at Huddles Cut transects arranged by distance from mouth of creek for pre- and post -Mod Alt L years III-E-9 Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions III-E-9 for Huddles Cut main prong transects by year Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions III-E-10 at Huddles Cut transects arranged by distance from mouth of creek for pre- and post -Mod Alt L years Percent of dominant species intolerant of brackish conditions III-E-10 for Huddles Cut west prong transects by year Figure III-F1 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Jacks Creek Figure III-F2 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in Jacks Creek with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F3 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Jacobs Creek Figure III-F4 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in Jacobs Creek with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F5 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Drinkwater Creek Figure III-F6 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in Drinkwater Creek with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years III-F-19 III-F-20 III-F-21 III-F-22 III-F-23 III-F-24 xx Figure III-F7 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Tooley Creek Figure III-F8 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species at Tooley Creek with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F9 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all fyke nets in Huddles Cut Figure III-F10 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in Huddles Cut with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F11 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in Porter Creek with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F12 Catch -per -unit -effort for commonly captured fish species in DCUT11 with statistically significant differences between pre -Mod Alt L and post -Mod Alt L years Figure III-F13 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Little Creek Figure III-F14 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in PA2 Figure III-F15 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Muddy Creek Figure III-F16 Dendrogram of hierarchical clusters of similarity for annual fish community abundance and composition among all trawls in Duck Creek G. BENTHOS Page III-F-25 III-F-26 III-F-27 III-F-28 III-F-29 III-F-30 III-F-31 III-F-32 III-F-33 III-F-34 Figure III-G1 a - d Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-43 abundance for all years in Jacks Creek Figure III-G2 Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-44 abundance for all years in Jacobs Creek xxi Page Figure III-G3 a - c Dendrogram of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-45 abundance for all years in Drinkwater Creek Figure III-G4 a - d Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-46 abundance for all years in Tooley Creek Figure III-G5 a - d Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-47 abundance for all years in Huddles Cut Figure III-G6 a - c Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-48 abundance for all years of in Porter Creek Figure III-G7 a - b Dendrograms of clusters based on benthic taxa richness and III-G-49 abundance for all years in DCUT11 Figure III-G8 a - d Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-50 abundance for all years in Little Creek Figure III-G9 a - c Dendrograms of clusters based on taxa richness and III-G-51 abundance for all years in PA2 Figure III-G10 a - b Dendrograms of clusters based on benthic taxa richness and III-G-52 abundance for all years in Long Creek Figure III-G11 a - d Dendrogram of clusters based on benthic taxa richness and III-G-53 abundance for all years in Muddy Creek Figure III-G12 Dendrogram of clusters based on benthic taxa richness and III-G-54 abundance for all years in DCUT19 (control) Figure III-G13 a — c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal III-G-55 and abundance for all years in Duck Creek (control) Figure III-G14 a - c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal III-G-56 depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Jacks Creek Figure III-G15 a - c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Jacobs Creek Figure III-G16 a - c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Drinkwater Creek Figure III-G17 Pre- and post -Mod Alt L boxplots of six axes of FCA scores for Drinkwater Creek years compared to same years in Long Creek and PA2 III-G-57 III-G-58 III-G-59 Figure III-G18 a - c Dendrogram of Tooley Creek clusters of FCA scores, temporal depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species, and pre- and post -Mod Alt L comparisons to control creeks Figure III-G19 Pre- and post -Mod Alt L boxplots of six axes of FCA scores for Tooley Creek years compared to same years in Muddy and Long creeks and PA2 Figure III-G20 a - c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Huddles Cut Page III-G-60 III-G-61 III-G-62 Figure III-G21 Pre- and post -Mod Alt L boxplots of the six axes of FCA scores III-G-63 for Huddles Cut years compared to same years in Muddy Creek Figure III-G22 a - c Six axes of FCA scores, pre- and post -Mod Alt L comparisons III-G-64 to control creeks, and dendrogram of clusters of FCA scores in Porter Creek Figure III-G23 Pre- and post -Mod Alt L boxplots of the six axes of FCA scores for Porter Creek years compared to same years in Duck Creek and Little Creek III-G-65 Figure III-G24 a - c Dendrogram of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction III-G-66 of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in DCUT11 Figure III-G25 Pre- and post -Mod Alt L boxplots of the six axes of FCA III-G-67 scores for DCUT11 years compared to same years in DCUT19 and Duck Creek Figure III-G26 a — c Dendrogram of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction III-G-68 of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Little Creek Figure III-G27 a — c Six axes of FCA scores and dendrogram of clusters of FCA III-G-69 scores in PA2 Figure III-G28 a — b Dendrogram of clusters of FCA scores and temporal III-G-70 depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Long Creek Figure III-G29 a — c Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Muddy Creek III-G-71 Figure III-G30 a — c Dendrogram of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in DCUT19 Page III-G-72 Figure III-G31 a - b Dendrograms of clusters of FCA scores and temporal depiction III-G-73 of those scores weighted by relative abundance of each species in Duck Creek xxiv SECTION I A. BACKGROUND Table I -Al Table I-A2 LIST OF TABLES Page All data collected by parameter and by creek I-A-8 Monitored parameters, equipment, and frequency of data collection I-A-13 B. CREEKS MONITORED IN 2021 No tables C. Cumulative and 2021 Mining, Mine -related Activities, and Drainage Basins Table I-C1 Estimated historic and current drainage basin of each control and I-C-4 impact creek in the study as described in CZR 2011 and CZR 2017 D. DROUGHT Table I-D1 Drought conditions for the years 2000-2005 and 2007-2021 1-D-2 E. EXTREME EVENTS OR STORMS Table I -El Extreme events or storms for the years 1998-2005 and 2007-2021 I-E-2 F. RAINFALL Table I-F1 Monthly and annual rainfall totals across the years 1998-2005 and I-F-5 2007-2021 for WETS Station Aurora 6N Table I-F2 Annual rainfall totals, maximums, minimums, and averages collected at I-F-6 rain gauges in study creeks and from WETS Station Aurora 6N Table I-F3 Evaluation results of APT and WETS to determine monthly rainfall I-F-7 Conditions at the Aurora plant site in 2021 SECTION II- CORPS PERMIT SPECIAL CONDITION S - SIX QUESTIONS Q1-FLOW Table II -Al Observed flow events conducted in conjuction with hydrology and II-A-8 salinity monitoring 2012-2021 Table II-A2 Number of days in a year flow was inferred based on obsevations II-A-9 and well data at the time of observation Q2-CHARACTER Table II-B1 a Percent of the dominant non -wetland and brackish intolerant plant II-B-29 species in vegetation trainsects in seven impact creeks by year xxv Table II-B1 b Percent of dominant non -wetland and brackish intolerant plant species in vegetation transects in four control creeks by year Table II-B2 Table II-B3 Page II-B-31 Total numbers and percentages of total species assigned a National II-B-32 Wetlands Plant List wetland rating category at each creek on annual basis for each creek surveyed through 2021 Summary of pre- to post -Mod Alt L differences in parameters used to discuss changes in character for each impact creek as of 2021 collection year Q3-FORAGE BASE Table II-C1 Table II-C2 Table II-C3 Table II-C4 Table II-05 Table II-C6 Average catch -per -unit -effort for the most abundant fish species captured across 13 clusters identified by cluster analysis performed for all PCS fish collections in fyke and trawl creeks Guild designations of all fish caught in trawl nets or fyke nets Summary of trawl and fyke net shrimp and blue crab catch frequency and score data from 2011 through 2021 Trophic level and functional feeding guild designations for benthic species identified in the ponar grabs of the PCS creeks Calculated averages of three different benthic parameters for pre - and post-Modl Alt L years for each creek Calculated averages of four different benthic parameters for pre - and post-Modl Alt L years for each creek Q4-MANAGED FISH Table II-D1 Q5-METALS Table II-E1 Table II-E2 Catch -per -unit -effort average for managed fish species in the five clusters identified by cluster analysis of all PCS fish collections separated by net type Average sediment metal concentration of pre- and post- Mod Alt L years and results of t-test between pre- and post -Mod Alt L years Means and standard deviations by year for six sediment metals for which Effects Range Low and Effects Range Medium have been determined II-B-32 II-C-35 II-C-36 II-C-38 II-C-39 II-C-43 I I-C-46 II-D-7 II-E-11 II-E-12 Table II-E3 Percent of samples for each creek where metals were not detected II-E-13 in sediment or the water column xxvi Q6-WATER QUALITY Table II-F1 Differences in water quality parameters between five study creeks impacted by Mod Alt L and five creeks unimpacted by Mod Alt L Page I I-F-4 Table II-F2 Differences in water quality parameters between three study creeks II-F-6 impacted by Mod Alt L SECTION III ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION OF SUMMARY RESULTS BY PARAMETER A.SALINITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES Table III -Al Monthly average, maximum, minimum and yearly salinity in 2021 at III-A-29 Aqua TROLL stations in the study Table III-A2 Correlations between 2021 salinity and several climatic variables: Tar III-A-33 River discharge, water depth, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction B. WETLAND HYDROLOGY Table III-B1 Wetland hydroperiods during the 2021 growing season at Level III-B-16 TROLLs in 12 study creeks Table III-B2 Longest wetland hydroperiod from 2021 compared to average pre-, III-B-18 post-, and all years of data Table III-B3 Operation data for the pumps within deep water wells in proximity III-B-20 to the Level TROLLS in Porter Creek and DCUT11 C. WATER QUALITY Table III-C1 Water quality data record for all years for all study creeks III-C-37 Table III-C2 Loading for each water quality variable on each principal component III-C-38 Table III-C3 Average of water quality parameters across the five groups identified III-C-38 by the cluster analysis on 2012-2021 data Table III-C4 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt L conditions for Jacks Creek III-C-39 Table III-05 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt L conditions for Jacobs Creek III-C-39 Table III-C6 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt L conditions for Drinkwater III-C-40 Creek Table III-C7 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt-L conditions for Tooley Creek III-C-40 Table III-C8 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt-L conditions for Huddles Cut III-C-41 xxvii Page Table III-C9 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt L conditions for Porter Creek III-C-41 Table III-C10 Comparison of pre- and post -Mod Alt L conditions for DCUT11 III-C-42 D. METALS Table III-D1 Sediment metal concentrations by year for each monitored creek III-D-13 Table III-D2 Water column metals concentrations by year for each monitored creek III-D-15 E. VEGETATION Table III-E1 a Relative importance values of dominant herbaceous species III-E-11 surveyed in vegetation transects in seven impact creeks through 2021 Table III -El b Relative importance values of dominant herbaceous species in III-E-19 vegetation transects in four control creeks from 2011-2021 Table III-E2a Relative importance values for dominant shrub and woody vine III-E-20 species surveyed in vegetation transects in seven impact creeks through 2021 Table III-E2b Relative importance values by year for dominant shrub and woody vine III-E-25 species in four control creeks through 2021 Table III-E3 Cumulative list of dominant species at monitored creeks since 1998, III-E-26 their tolerance to brackish conditions, and wetland indicator status through 2021 F. FISH Table III-F1 Comparison of fish community structure for all creeks in Mod Alt L III-F-35 Sample years Table III-F2 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in III-F-36 Broomfield Swamp Creek through 2021 Table III-F3 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Jacks III-F-37 Creek collection years through 2021 Table III-F4 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Jacobs III-F-39 Creek collection years through 2021 Table III-F5 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Drinkwater III-F-40 Creek collection years through 2021 Table III-F6 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Tooley III-F-41 Creek collection years through 2021 xxvi i i Table III-F7 Table III-F8 Table III-F9 Table III-F10 Table III-F11 Table III-F12 Table III-F13 Table III-F14 Table III-F15 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish Cut collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish Creek collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in DCUT11 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in SCUT1 collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Little Creek collection years through 2021 collection years through 2021 caught in Huddles caught in Porter Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in PA2 collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Long Creek collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Muddy Creek collection years through 2021 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in DCUT19 collection years through 2021 Table III-F16 Average catch -per -unit -effort by species for fish caught in Duck Creek collection years through 2021 G. BENTHOS Table III-G1 Table III-G2 Table III-G3 Table III-G4 Cumulative list of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and assigned sensitivity values of species collected in study creeks in May 1998 through 2005 and 2007 through 2021 Dominant benthic macroinvertebrate species for sweep samples collected in monitored creeks during May of Mod Alt L sample years 1998-2005 and 2007-2021 Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure data for sweep samples collected in monitored creeks during May of Mod Alt L sample years 1998-2005 and 2007-2021 Dominant benthic macroinvertebrate species for ponar grab samples collected in monitored creeks during May of Mod Alt L sample years 1998-2005 and 2007-2021 Page III-F-43 III-F-45 III-F-46 III-F-47 III-F-48 III-F-49 III-F-50 III-F-51 III-F-53 III-F-54 III-G-74 III-G-76 III-G-84 III-G-89 Table III-G5 Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure data for ponar grab samples collected in monitored creeks during May of Mod Alt L sample years 1998-2005 and 2007-2021 Table III-G6 Highest Shannon -Weiner diversity score and highest EBI score by creek per year, highest Shannon -Weiner diversity score and highest EBI score for each year among all creeks, and summary of ranges and averages by creek Page III-G-96 III-G-101 xxx LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A History and Methods by Parameter Appendix B Flow Observations 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix C Salinity Graphs 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix D Hydrology Graphs, Tables, and Water Level Trends 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix E Water Quality 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix F Metals 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix G Vegetation 2021 - data and transect photos (Flash Drive only) Appendix H Fish 2021 (Flash Drive only) Appendix I Benthos 2021 (Flash Drive only)