NC0021547_201 Facilities Plan_20020826

NPDES DOCUMENT 5CANNIN` COVER SHEET
NPDES Permit:
NC0021547
Franklin WWTP
Document Type:
Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Complete File - Historical
201 Facilities Plan
Speculative Limits
Instream Assessment
(67b)
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Permit
History
Document Date:
August 26, 2002
This document is printed on reuse paper - iiguore any
content on the resrerise side

AJCOO2(5'f 7
TOWN OF FRANKLIN
Technical Review Comments
For Franklin 201 Facilities Plan Update
Project No. CS370524-02
August 26, 2002
General
1. The report should include an updated "Executive Summary" which should at a minimum
provide; a description of the proposed project; an estimate of project cost; and a summary of
funding sources. The project cannot be approved without this section.
2. Reimbursements from a loan under the SRF program may not be issued until the user charge
system and sewer use ordinance have been approved.
3. A loan from the North Carolina Water Pollution Control Revolving Loan Fund is contingent
on the review and approval of the proposed loan by the Local Government Commission.
4. Please note that approval of the facilities plan does not constitute approval of sole source
procurement. Plans and specifications must comply with N.C. General Statute Chapter 133,
Section 3, prior to their approval.
5. It is assumed that all property necessary for this expansion is currently owned by the town,
however if a portion of it is not, be aware that all real property associated with the project
must be acquired in accordance with the Uniform Relocation and Real Property Assistance
Act of 1970. The following costs are not eligible for funding under the Act:
a. The costs of acquisition of sewer rights -of -way (i.e., legal, administrative, and
engineering).
b. Any amount paid by the recipient for eligible land in excess of just compensation based
on appraised value, negotiation or condemnation proceedings.
6. Note that if yearly user charges exceed 1.5% of yearly income, the project will be considered
by EPA to be an "expensive" project and will warrant further evaluation of alternatives.
7. The owner and consulting engineer should be advised that after approval of the 201 Facilities
Plan/PER there are several construction project permits, approvals, certifications, etc. that
must be obtained before the project plans and specifications can be approved and the project
is advertised for bids. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that preliminary work to obtain
the following items, if applicable, begin as soon as possible:
a. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Permit, from the Division of Land Quality, or a letter
from them stating that no permit is required for this project.
1

b. A reasonable subsurface investigation that must be made available to the contractor. If it
is not included in the specifications, the specifications must advise where a copy of the
report can be observed. Typically CG&L expects a boring about every 500 feet and at
each road crossing for linework and at all major structures like pump stations aeration
basins, and clarifiers.
c. NPDES Permit when the project involves a new discharging facility or expansion to an
existing one.
8. It is our understanding that the McGill Associates is in conversation with the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service in order to resolve any outstanding questions concerning their review of this
project. Please provide an update of these discussions.
I. Section 2
1. (Reference page 6) Provide some additional discussion concerning the existing and the
proposed wastewater treatment plant including not only the capacity but the size and type of
each unit in the liquid and the sludge train. For example the description of the oxidation ditch
should include the total volumn of the basin, and the description of the clarifiers should
include the overflow rate as well as the type feed and type take off.
2. (Reference page 6) The new headworks are to be in an enclosed building to prevent freezing.
Could the existing headworks be enclosed? If the existing headworks are under sized, they
could be expanded.
3. (Reference page 6) Additional capacity in the chlorine contact chamber is recommended.
Will dechlorination be provided? Were alternative means of disinfection such as ultraviolet
evaluated? Please discuss.
4. (Reference page 6) Provide calculations that demonstrate that the liquid train as proposed
has the ability to meet anticipated NPDES effluent limits.
5 Please provide information concerning the proposed sludge treatment and disposal that
addresses how sludge management will comply with the 40 CFR 503 Regulations including
the following:
a. Sludge production calculations at the design flow and a discussion of the methods that
will be used to comply with pathogen and vector attraction reduction.
b. Discuss the adequacy of the ultimate sludge disposal site(s) at the design flow for the 20-
year planning period.
c. Confirmation from the Macon County landfill that the landfill has is capable of handling
the sludge for the 20-year design period and is willing to accept the sludge.
d. Discuss the means of transporting the sludge to the landfill. Is this done by the town or is
this a contract service? Provide confirmation that the town or the contract hauler has the
capability of handling the increase in sludge upon plant expansion.
2

6. (Reference page 6) The proposed plan includes the renovation of the existing digestor and
the construction of a new digestor. Could a cost savings be realized by building one new and
larger digestor and abandoning the existing one?
7. Please confirm that the proposed project design will comply with NCAC 2H.0219 -Minimum
Design Requirements, and NCAC 2H.0124 - Reliability Requirements. (A copy of .0219 &
.0124 is attached for reference).
8. (Reference page 6) Typically, wastewater treatment plants in North Carolina are designed
based on a peak flow of 2.5 times average daily flow. Confirm that this plant will be
designed based on a peak factor of 2.5.
9. No renovation is noted for the plant effluent line or any internal piping. Confirm that these
lines will be capable of handling the increase in flow.
— H. I. Section 3
1. (Reference page 8) The plant design capacity includes 521,650 gallons per day (gpd) from
the sources listed in Table 3-2. Correspondence from these sources should be used to verify
the need for this reserve capacity.
2. (Reference page 8) Table 3-3 projects a year 2021 population of 8,357 for the Town of
Franklin. This exceeds our estimate for growth in the town which is based on projected
county growth and the historical relationship between the town population and the county
population. This increase in population should be justified or the estimated increase reduced.
If the town is in a high growth area, it is pemissable to use the town's growth over the last
10-year period to project future growth. If the town desires to use population growth numbers
in excess of those approved by this office, our funding will be limited to that growth which
we find justifiable. A reserve capacity cost ratio will be established and used to determine our
level of participation.
3. (Reference page 11) The projected future flow in Table 3-5 should be revised to reflect the
following:
a. Future industrial flow should be based on 10% of current flows excluding I/I, plus a letter
of intent from any additional industrial users.
b. Future commercial flow should be based on 15 gpd per capita of projected growth.
c. Future residential flow should be based on 70 gpd per capita of projected growth.
d. No increase for future UI is allowable. Future UI should be based on existing VI.
3

III. Section 4
1. The revised report should examine the alternative of optimum operation of the existing plant.
Based on the 20-year design flow as noted in Section 3 above comments, a combination of
infiltration/inflow rehabilitation and a rerating of the plant could avoid the cost of expansion.
2. (Reference page 13) Alternative Number 3, No Action, documents that a 5% conservation
reduction will result in a flow of 2.0 million gallons per day (mgd). Is this correct?
3. (Reference page 13) Note that the current discount rate is 6.125% as of October 1, 2002.
The present worth analysis should be revised to reflect this.
4. In performing the present analysis, was credit given for salvage value? If not, a deduction for
salvage value should be included in the revised present worth analysis. A useful life of 15
years for equipment, 50 years for structures, and 20 years for all other facilities should be
used for salvage value present worth calculations.
IV. Section 5
1. Please provide a summary and a breakdown of all proposed sources of funding for the project
that indicates how all of the project costs will be funded. (User charges must be sufficient to
repay the SRF loan. General funds may not be used for repayment.) Provide narrative that
addresses the impacts that the project will have on user charges.
a. Provide both current and expected user charges for the typical residential customer
using 5,000 gallons per month.
b. The user charges must be sufficient to repay any loan that is required for the project
capital and operation & maintenance costs. Expected revenue from user charges
should be based on the first year's billable flow.
c. Anticipated disbursements should include the first year's principal and interest
payments, and the first year's operation and maintenance cost. Itemize these costs and
provide a basis for the expected user charges.
4

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Table 3-5 tabulates the projected flows for the future sewer service area for the Town of
Franklin's Wastewater Treatment Plant. Based on historical wastewater treatment plant flows, a
maximum daily flow peaking factor of 1.6 is anticipated. Table 3-5 indicates that the projected
average daily wastewater flow for the 20-year planning period is 3.3 mgd.
Classification
Residential
Commercial/
Institutional
Industrial
Infiltration/Inflow
TOTAL
Table 3-5
Projected Average Daily Wastewater Flows (Gallons per Day)
Town of Franklin Wastewater Treatment Plant
Year -Vet�
2001 2006 2011
Flow Projection Notes 161.0° s
ty
y'r
d
�o
�4
336,150 015� 386,300 '
,359,28 ,i�70 _826,363 i•
-
55,580% 1'q �°,60,000
N,��Sz� v:o
298,98 -- -,I-490,000 --
1,050,000 6.39' .1,762,663 \
112 (9(D3
474,530
1,015,101
73,704
610,000
2016 2021` j
582,911 116,046�
1,246,947 1,531,744;
90,538 111,217 L
740,000
2,173,335 2,660,396 3,279,009 v
a d
200G 2cy►
•
1. As stated previously in this Section of the report, Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) has been assumed to be
approximately 28% of the total flow. This figure is the estimated average la for the entire sewer
collection system over the planning period.
2. Total flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is assumed to be the entire flow allocation of 521,650
gpd as shown in Table 3-2.
3. Residential flow increase between 2001 and 2006 includes flow allocations from Table 3-2 for
the following properties: Holt-Dowdle Mountain Road (15,000 gpd), Ochsener Property (21,150
gpd), Macon County Housing Project'(11,500 gpd), and Trampis Dowdle-Old Murphy Road
(2,500 gpd). The total residential flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is, therefore, estimated to
be 50,150 gpd.
4. Since all the properties listed in Table 3-2 have not yet been developed, it is assumed that a small
portion of the flow generated by these properties will be light industrial wastewater. The amount
of industrial flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is estimated to be 4,420 gpd.
5. Commercial/Institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is the balance of the flow
allocations in Table 3-2 that are non-residential and non -industrial. The amount of
commercial/institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is;467,080 gpd.
6. Flow increases between 2006 and 2021 are estimated at 4.2% per year as previously stated in this
Section of the report.
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Table 3-5 tabulates the projected flows for the future sewer service area for the Town of
Franklin's Wastewater Treatment Plant. Based on historical wastewater treatment plant flows, a
maximum daily flow peaking factor of 1.6 is anticipated. Table 3-5 indicates that the projected
average daily wastewater flow for the 20-year planning period is 3.3 mgd.
Table 3-5
Projected Average Daily Wastewater Flows (Gallons per Day)
Town of Franklin Wastewater Treatment Plant
Classification
Residential
Commercial/
Institutional
Industrial
Infiltration/Inflow
TOTAL
Flow Projection Notes
1. As stated previously in this Section of the report, Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) has been assumed to be
approximately 28% of the total flow. This figure is the estimated average I/I for the entire sewer
collection system over the planning period.
2. Total flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is assumed to be the entire flow allocation of 521,650
gpd as shown in Table 3-2.
3. Residential flow increase between 2001 and 2006 includes flow allocations from Table 3-2 for
the following properties: Holt-Dowdle Mountain Road (15,000 gpd), Ochsener Property (21,150
gpd), Macon County Housing Project (11,500 gpd), and Trampis Dowdle-Old Murphy Road
(2,500 gpd). The total residential flow increase between ?001 and 2006 is, therefore, estimated to
be 50,150 gpd.
4. Since all the properties listed in. Table 3-2 have not yet been developed, it is assumed that a small
portion of the flow generated by these properties will be light industrial wastewater. The amount
of industrial flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is estimated to be 4,420 gpd.
5. Commercial/Institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is the balance of the flow
allocations in Table 3-2 that are non-residential and non -industrial. The amount of
commercial/institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is ' 67,08 gp .
6. Flow increases between 2006 and 2021 are estimated at 4.2% per year as previously stated in this
Section of the report.
cf U off,
2001,
336,15.O
- 359,28
20.06
386.30.0,
826,363
55,580/; 60,000
298,987 N 490 00
1,050,000 1,762,66
ear
Y
2011
474,530
1,015,101
7.3,704
610,000
2,173,335
2016
582,9.11
1,246,947
90,538
740,000
2,660,396
v,\4 0
2021
716,046
1,531,746
111 217
3,279,009
11

McGffl
ASSoci.-\ rrs
May 14, 2002
Mrs. Teresa Rodriguez
North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality / NPDES Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
RE:
Dear Mrs. Rodriguez:
nE 6 E U d\11:
fin
200 0 2
MAY 2
MAY 0 2002
L - WATER QUALITY
T SOURCE BRANCH
Additional Information Request
Town of Franklin
NPDES Permit No. NC0021547
Modification to 3.3 MGD
Macon County, North Carolina
This letter is in response to your letter dated March 26, 2002 in which you
requested additional information regarding the wastewater flow projections included in
the Engineering Alternatives Analysis for the above referenced application.
Commercial, institutional and industrial development is expected to occur at a rate
necessary to support the residential customer base, and to provide adequate economic
opportunities for the residents. The Town of Franklin/Macon County service area is
experiencing significant growth. The annual residential growth rate has been estimated at
4.2%, and the commercial, institutional and industrial growth is expected to mirror this
rate.
The Town of Franklin and Macon County have identified major capital
improvements projects in their recently completed master plan that are expected to result
in significant commercial, institutional and industrial growth to support the estimated
annual growth rate stated above. Specifically, the Town of Franklin wastewater
treatment plant must be expanded to support the commercial, institutional and industrial
growth generated from planned extensions of their sewer system for the following five
(5) projects and adjacent areas:
• Little Tennessee River/Cartoogechaye Creek and U.S. 64 West Area
• U.S. 441 North and South Corridor
• Airport and Highway 28 North Area
• Macon Middle School and Cullasaja River Area
• Cullasaja Elementary School/U.S. 64 East Area
Engineering • Planning • Finance
McGill Associates, P.A. • P.O. Box 2259, Asheville. NC 28802 • 55 Broad Street, Asheville. NC 28801
828-252-0575 • FAX [phone]

Mrs. Teresa Rodriguez
May 14, 2002
Page 2 of 4
The "Recommended Sewer Improvements" map included in the Engineering Alternatives
Analysis shows the plans to expand the service area to these areas. A copy of this map
has been attached to this letter for your reference. The projected development of each
area is discussed briefly below.
Little Tennessee River/Cartoogechaye Creek and U.S. 64 West Area
Macon County has recently secured grant funds for the construction of a large
sewer interceptor along the Little Tennessee River and Cartoogechaye Creek in the
western portion of the future service area. This project will extend existing industrial
park, which will allow for additional development and expansion of the industrial park.
The project will also provide service to the Cartoogechaye Elementary School 'and the
Britt Haven Nursing Home. A major portion of the growth in this area is expected to be
institutional, with potential facilities including schools, campgrounds, recreational
vehicle parks, nursing homes, golf club and resorts. Commercial development is also
anticipated.
U.S. 441 North and South Corridor
U.S. Highway 441 south and north of Franklin is a four and five -lane highway
that is a major thoroughfare into Franklin. This corridor has tremendous potential for
commercial, institutional and industrial growth. Anticipated development includes
business offices, manufacturing facilities, restaurants, motels, resorts, campgrounds and
golf courses. Several small industrial facilities are also expected.
Airport and Highway 28 North Area
Extension of the sewer system to serve the airport northwest of Franklin is also
planned. Future anticipated development in this area includes restaurants, motels,
manufacturing facilities and small industrial facilities.
Macon Middle School and Cullasaja River Area
The County is also in the planning stages of extending sewer service to the Macon
Middle School southeast of Franklin. In addition to providing sewer service to the
school, other anticipated developments to be served include motels, service stations and
other businesses.
Cullasaja Elementary School and U.S. 64 East Area
The master plan also includes extension of sewer service to the Cullasja
Elementary School east of Franklin near U.S. 64. Other developments to be served
include motels, restaurants, service stations and other businesses along U.S. 64.

Mrs. Teresa Rodriguez
May 14, 2002
Page 3 of 4
All of the above projects are expected to spur significant commercial and
industrial growth in and around their respective corridors. Please find attached for your
review a table showing wastewater flows that could reasonably be expected to occur
within the planning period as a result of these projects. You stated in your letter that the
flow allocations previously provided in the Engineering Alternatives Analysis are
adequate for projecting the flow through the year 2006. Development of the project areas
listed above would be anticipated between 2006 and 2021, with development occurring
constantly during this period. As you requested in your letter, commercial and
institutional flows have been estimated based on the guidelines included in North
Carolina Administrative Code 15A NCAC 2H.0200.
With regards to infiltration and inflow (I/I), the current quantity of I/I in the Town
sewer system is approximately 31 % of the total flow, as stated on page 9 of the
Engineering Alternatives Analysis. We agree that for new sewer system extensions, I/I
should initially be at a low rate and increase over the planning period. However, the
condition of older sewer lines within the service area can be expected to deteriorate,
resulting in increases in I/I over the planning period. In addition, a certain portion of I/I
in any system can be expected to originate from sewer laterals or unauthorized system
connections, such as roof drains and basement sumps, and is, therefore, unrelated to the
condition of the municipal sewer system. It is also noted that current State regulations
allow for up to 100 gpd of infiltration per mile per inch of pipe diameter in new sewer
lines. Since gravity sewer lines are typically installed along streams and in low lying
areas, they are susceptible to high water tables and flooding that can contribute to
infiltration and inflow. One of the major upcoming projects, the Little Tennessee
River/Cartoogechaye Creek sewer interceptor, will include over 8 miles of large diameter
sewer lines installed adjacent to streams. We have estimated an average I/I rate of 28%
for the Town of Franklin current and future service area. Based on our experience, this is
considered a reasonable I/1 rate for a system of this size in this region of western North
Carolina. Please find attached for your review a table showing the I/I contribution over
the 20-year planning period, with I/I increasing over time. The figures shown in the
attached table support those shown in the Engineering Alternatives Analysis.
You also requested additional effluent test data for the wastewater treatment plant.
As we discussed during our telephone conversation, the Town did not have the test data
because their current permit does not require testing for most of the parameters listed in
the new application form. As you requested, the Town will submit the additional effluent
test results after the testing has been completed.

Mrs. Teresa Rodriguez
May 14, 2002
Page 4 of 4
We hope this additional information will be helpful as you complete your review
of the NPDES permit application. If you have any questions regarding this letter, please
do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
McGILL ASSOCIATES, P .
/rZ f
MIKE WARESAK, P.E.
Project Engineering Manager
Enclosures
Cc: David E. Henson, Mayor, Town of Franklin
Mike Decker, Town Administrator, Town of Franklin
Joel Storrow, McGill Associates
98740/tr14may02.doc

SUMMARY OF PROJECTED WASTEWATER FLOWS
COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL
AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
15-YEAR PERIOD BETWEEN 2006 AND 2021
TOWN OF FRANKLIN
SEWER SYSTEM SERVICE AREA
Proiect
Little Tennessee River/
Cartoogechaye Creek Sewer
U.S. 441 North and South
Sewer System Projects
Airport Sewer Extension
Macon Middle School
Sewer Extension
Cullasaja Elementary School
Sewer Extension
TOTAL
MAY 14, 2002
Frbrn o?oo( +0 aval
PROJECTED WASTEWATER
FLOW THROUGH 2021 (GPD)
Estimated Estimated Estimated
Commercial Institutional Industrial
39,150 167,500 30,000 D' (°, 'v
238,500 - 138,000 10,000 'A>v , 3
36,525 25,500 11,200 73, 2
15,000 13,500 0 a S , cO v
18,200 13,500 0 , l 7 °
347,375 358,000 51,200
TOTAL COMBINED COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL FLOW: 705,375 GPD •
TOTAL COMBINED INDUSTRIAL FLOW: 51,200 GPD
)56,

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
Little Tennessee River/Cartoogechaye Creek Sewer Interceptor
Anticipated Commercial Growth Wastewater Flow
Beauty Shops 10 booths @ 125 gpd/booth = 1,250 gpd
Bars 20 seats @ 20 gpd/seat = 400 gpd
BowlingAlleys 15 lanes 50 gpd/lane = 750 gpd
Y @ gp
Businesses 200 employees @ 25 gpd/employee = 5,000 gpd
Factories 100 employees @ 25 gpd/employee = 2,500 gpd
Restaurants 200 seats @ 40 gpd/seat = 8,000 gpd
Laundries 10 machines @ 500 gpd/machine = 5,000 gpd
Meat Markets/ 20,000 SF @ 50 gpd/100 SF =10,000 gpd
Grocery Stores 100 employees @ 25 gpd/empl = 2,500 gpd
Offices 50 persons @ 25 gpd/person = 1,250 gpd
5 Service Stations 10 water closets @ 250 gpd/w.c. = 2,500 gpd
Total Anticipated Commercial Wastewater Flow 39,150 gpd
Anticipated Institutional Growth
Churches 1000 seats @ 3 gpd/seat = 3,000 gpd
Country Club 300 members @ 60gpd/ea = 18,000 gpd/
100 non-members @ 20 gpd/ea = 2,000 gpd -
Campgrounds 200 sites @ 60 gpd/campsite = 12,000 gpd
,✓LBJ Job Corps 100 persons @ 60 gpd/person = 6,000 gpd
expansion
RV Park 300 sites @ 120 gpd/site = 36,000 gpd
School 500 students @ 15 gpd/student = 7,500 gpd
Day Care Facilities 200 persons @ 15 gpd/person = 3,000 gpd

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
Little Tennessee River/Cartoogechaye Creek Sewer Interceptor (con't)
Anticipated Institutional Growth Wastewater Flow
Britt Haven
Nursing Home
Expansion
200 beds @ 120 gpd/bed = 24,000 gpd .
Nursing Homes 200 beds @ 120 gpd/bed = 24,000 gpd
Swimming Pool 200 persons @ 10 gpd/person = 2,000 gpd
Resorts 100 rooms @ 200 gpd/room = 20,000 gpd
Stadium/Auditorium 2000 seats @ 5 gpd/seat = 10,000 gpd
Total Anticipated Institutional Wastewater Flow 167,500 gpd
Anticipated Industrial Growth
Industrial Park Expansion
3 industries @ 10,000 gpd each = 30,000 gpd
Total Anticipated Industrial Wastewater Flow 30,000 gpd

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
U.S. 441 North and South Sewer System Projects
Anticipated Commercial Growth
Beauty Shops
Bars
Bowling Alleys
Businesses
Factories
Restaurants
Laundries
Meat Markets/
Grocery Stores
30 booths @ 125 gpd/booth
200 seats @ 20 gpd/seat
15 lanes @ 50 gpd/lane
Wastewater Flow
= 3,750 gpd,--
= 4,000 gpd
= 750 gpd
2,000 employees @ 25 gpd/employee =50,000 gpd
2,000 employees @ 25 gpd/employee =50,000 gpd
1,000 seats @ 40 gpd/seat = 40,000 gpd-'
500 machines @ 500 gpd/machine
100,000 SF @ 50 gpd/100 SF
100 employees @ 25 gpd/empl
Offices 300 persons @ 25 gpd/person
10 Service Stations 20 water closets @ 250 gpd/w.c.
Total Anticipated Commercial Wastewater Flow
Anticipated Institutional Growth
Churches
Country Club
Campgrounds
Day Care Facilities
Motels/Hotels
Nursing Homes
Resorts
1000 seats @ 3 gpd/seat
300 members @ 60gpd/ea
100 non-members @ 20 gpd/ea
200 sites @ 60 gpd/campsite
200 persons @ 15 gpd/person
300 rooms@ 120 gpd/room
200 beds @ 120 gpd/bed
200 rooms @ 200 gpd/room
Total Anticipated Institutional Wastewater Flow
= 25,000 gpd -"
= 50,000 gpdf
= 2,500 gpd
= 7,500 gpd.
= 5,000 gpd
238,500 gpd
= 3,000 gpd.--
= 18,000 gpd
--
= 2,000 gpd
= 12,000 gpd
= 3,000 gpd
= 36,000 gpd
= 24,000 gpd
= 40,000 gpd
138,000 gpd

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
U.S. 441 North and South Sewer System Projects (con't)
Anticipated Industrial Growth
2 Small Industries @ 5,000 gpd each
Total Anticipated Industrial Wastewater Flow
= 10,000 gpd
10,000 gpd

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
Airport Sewer Extension Project
Anticipated Commercial Growth Wastewater Flow
✓Airport
Beauty Shops
Bars
Businesses
Factories
Restaurants
Laundries
Meat Markets/
Grocery Stores
Offices
3 Service Stations
500 passengers @ 5 gpd/passenger
3 booths @ 125 gpd/booth
20 seats @ 20 gpd/seat
100 employees @ 25 gpd/employee
= 2,500 gpd E--
= 375 gpd f
= 400 gpd ./
= 2,500 gpd
100 employees @ 25 gpd/employee = 2,500 gpd
200 seats @ 40 gpd/seat = 8,000 gpd -
10 machines @ 500 gpd/machine = 5,000 gpd
20,000 SF @ 50 gpd/100 SF
100 employees @ 25 gpd/empl
50 persons @ 25 gpd/person
6 water closets @ 250 gpd/w.c.
Total Anticipated Commercial Wastewater Flow
Anticipated Institutional Growth
Churches 500 seats @ 3 gpd/seat
Motels/Hotels 200 rooms @ 120 gpd/room
Total Anticipated Institutional Wastewater Flow
Anticipated Industrial Growth
Small Industries
Total Anticipated Industrial Wastewater Flow
= 10,000 gpd —
= 2,500 gpd
= 1,250 gpd
= 1,500 gpd-
36,525 gpd
= 1,500 gpd /
= 24,000 gpd
25,500 gpd
=11,200 gpd
11,200 gpd

Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
Macon Middle School Sewer Extension Project
Middle School 900 students @ 15 gpd/student = 13,500 gpd
Motel/Hotels 100 rooms @ 120 gpd/room = 12,000 gpd
Service Station 2 water closets @ 250 gpd/w.c. = 500 gpd -�
Businesses 100 employees @ 25 gpd/employee = 2,500 gpd
Total Anticipated Commercial & Institutional Wastewater Flow 28,500 gpd
Estimated Commercial, Institutional and Industrial Growth through 2021
Cullasaja Elementary School Sewer Extension Project
Elementary School 900 students @ 15 gpd/student = 13,500 gpd
Motel/Hotels 100 rooms @ 120 gpd/room = 12,000 gpd
Service Station 2 water closets @ 250 gpd/w.c. = 500 gpd ---
Businesses 100 employees @ 25 gpd/employee = 2,500 gpd
Restaurants 80 seats @ 40 gpd/seat = 3,200 gpd —
Total Anticipated Commercial & Institutional Wastewater Flow 31,700 gpd

INFILTRATION / INFLOW PROJECTIONS
PROPOSED SEWER SYSTEM PROJECTS
TOWN OF FRANKLIN/ MACON COUNTY
May 14, 2002
The current sewer system has a total of 227 in -miles of sewer lines, and an estimated
infiltration/inflow rate of 1,674 gpd/in-mile. As future customers connect to the existing
system, I/I into private sewer laterals is expected to increase. Also, unauthorized
connections of roof drain, basement sumps, and other storm drainage lines will
undoubtedly occur, increasing the infiltration and inflow into the existing system. Also,
even though the Town will attempt to decrease I/I through the sewer maintenance system,
it will be assumed that these lines continue to degrade in condition over the 20-year
planning period, further increasing the quantity of I/I into the system. For these reasons,
an estimated future infiltration/inflow rate of 2,000 gp_d/in-mile is assumed for the
existing sewer system at the end of the planning period, which is still significantly less
that the 3,000 gpd/in-mile threshold that NCDWQ recognizes as excessive I/I.
The Macon County Master Plan identifies capital projects with new sewer lines totaling
approximately 450 in -miles to extend sewer service. It is estimated that an additional 150
in -miles of sewer lines will be necessary to serve customers within the sub -basins after
the main extensions are installed. Although this figure is greater than the current sewer
system, it is justified due to the long lengths required to extend the service area out into
the County. Some of the lines are also larger interceptor lines, which increases the in -
mile quantity.
It will be assumed that the construction of the 600 in -miles occurs gradually over the 20-
year planning period. It will also be assumed that the initial infiltration into the new lines
is equal to 100 gpd/in-mile according to State design criteria, and the infiltration/inflow
increases gradually over the planning period to a figure of 1,000 gpd/in-mile. (Note: The
rate of infiltration/inflow into the current system is estimated to be 1,674 gpd/in-mile).
The attached table provides I/I projections for the 20-year planning period for both
existing and newly constructed sewer lines.

INFILTRATION / INFLOW PROJECTIONS
PROPOSED SEWER SYSTEM PROJECTS
TOWN OF FRANKLIN/ MACON COUNTY
May 14, 2002
2001
2006
2011
2016
2021
Existing Sewer System
Length of Sewer (in -miles)
227
227
227
227
227
Estimated I/I (GPD)
380,000
398,499
416,999
435,500
454,000
Constructed Sewer System
Length of Sewer (in -miles) —
constructed during 5-yr period
0
250
200
100
50
Estimated I/I (GPD)-2006 Constr
0
81,250
137,500
193,750
225,000
Estimated I/I (GPD)-2011 Constr
65,000
110,000
155,000
Estimated I/1 (GPD)-2016 Constr
32,500
77,500
Estimated I/I (GPD)-2021 Constr
16,250
Total I/1 (GPD)-Constructed Sys.
81,250
202,500
336,250
473,750
TOTAL I/I (GPD)
479,749
619,499
771,750
927,750
Notes
1. Estimated I/I for existing sewer system begins at 1674 gpd/in-mile in year 2001
and increases to 2000 gpd/in-mile in year 2021.
2. Estimated I/I for constructed sewer system assumes an average of 325 gpd/in-mile
for lines constructed during their respective 5-year period, 550 gpd/in-mile for
lines between 5 and 10 years in age, 775 gpd/in-mile for lines between 10 and 15
years in age, and 900 gpd/in-mile for lines between 15 and 20 years in age.
98740/misc/I-I projections.doc

LEGEND
S-1 WEST FRANKLIN 30" TRUNK SEWER
LBJ JOB CORPS SEWER
INDUSTRIAL PARK PUMP STATION REHABIUTA11ON
BAIRD COVE ANNEXATION AREA
TOWN MOUNTAIN ESTATES SEWER-KINGSWOOD
TOWN MOUNTAIN ESTATES SEWER -LAMPLIGHTER
TOWN MOUNTAIN ESTATES SEWER-GREENBRIAR
TOWN MOUNTAIN ESTATES SEWER-FOXFIRE, SKYLARK, STARFIRE
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EXPANSION TO 3.3 MGD
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EXPANSION TO 4.0 MGD
LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER TRUNK SEWER
PALMER STREET SEWER UNE REPLACEMENT
ULCO DRIVE AND LAKESIDE DRIVE SEWER UNE REPLACEMENT
HOLLY SPRINGS SEWER
US 441 NORTH SEWER -PHASE 1
NC 28 NORTH SEWER UNE EXTENSION
AIRPORT SEWER LINE EXTENSION
CARTOOGECHAYE CREEK SEWER UNE EXTENSION
S-2
S-2A
S-3
S-4A
S-4B
S-4C
S- 4D
S-5
S-5A
S-6
S-7A
S-7B
S-8
S-9
S-10
S-11
S-12
S-13A MACON COUNTY MIDDLE SCHOOL SEWER
S-13B CULLASAJA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SEWER
S-14 US 441 SOUTH/OTTO SEWER
S-15 FOX RIDGE SEWER IMPROVEMENTS
TO LBJ JOB
CORP. _CENTER
6'F.M.
6•F.M.
RECOMMENDED
SEWER IMPROVEMENTS
TOWN OF FRANKLIN
MACON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLNA
= 3500'
CULLASAJA
ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL
MACON COUNTY
MIDDLE SCHOOL
McGill
ASSOCIATES
ENGINEERING • PLANNING • FINANCE
55 BROAD ST. • ASHEVILLE, NC • [phone]

PUMP
STATION
(TYP.)
RECOMMENDED
SEWER IMPROVEMENTS
TOWN OF FRANKLIN
MACON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
McGi11
ASSOCIATES
ENGINEERING • PLANNING •FINANCE
55 BROAD ST. • ASHEVILLE, NC • [phone]

Michael F. Easley, Governor
WAIF
„Q William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
} r 7 Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Acting Director
Division of Water Quality
March 26, 2002
Honorable David E. Henson, Mayor
Town of Franklin
188 West Main Street
Franklin, NC 28734
Subject: Additional Information Request
Engineering Alternative Analysis
Permit No. NC0021547
Town of Franklin
Dear Mr. Henson:
The NPDES Unit has completed a preliminary review of the subject Engineering Alternatives Analysis
and the Table for Projected Average Daily Flows that was resubmitted. The Division is concerned
about the flow projections presented in the Engineering Alternative Analysis, particularly the high
amount of Infiltration and Inflow projected for the planning period.
The Town of Franklin is experiencing rapid growth. The Division recognizes that the planning phase
involves assumptions especially about growth rates. The flow allocations approved provide a good
estimate for the next four years. The growth rate of 4.2 % for estimating residential wastewater flows
is a reasonable amount. The rationale for using a 4.2 % increase per year for industrial and
commercial flow projections should be explained. When developing commercial and institutional flow
projections the guidelines for developing daily flows contained in 15A NCAC 2H .0200 should be
followed.
The infiltration and inflow for the existing system was calculated as 28%. The town plans to build new
sewer collection lines during the planning cycle. The infiltration and inflow for this new portion will
not be as high as 28 %. For a new collection system the I/I should start as minimal and increase over
the life of the project. This distinction is not accounted for in the flow projections. Please explain the
rationale behind increasing the infiltration and inflow by 28% per year. Infiltration and inflow are
dependent on rainfall, groundwater table and the condition of sewers, not on the total wastewater flow.
Even though by Construction Grants & Loans guidelines the infiltration appears to be non excessive,
the Town may benefit from investigating further the sources of I/I and possible reductions. This will
improve the operation of the treatment system and reduce the need for additional wastewater
treatment capacity to manage wet weather flows.
Please reevaluate the flow projections and provide the requested information by May 3, 2002.
If you have any questions concerning this request, please call me at [phone], extension 595.
Sincerely,
/ c
Teresa Rodfiguez
NPDES Unit
cc: NPDES Files
Mike Waresak, P.E. - McGill Associates
P.O. Box 2259
Asheville, North Carolina 28802
N. C. Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 [phone]
Customer Service 1 800 623-7748

McGffl
A SSOC I .A [ ES
March 6, 2002
Mrs. Teresa Rodriguez
North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality / NPDES Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
RE:
Dear Mrs. Rodriguez:
PE!'IR _ VAIER QU,4LITY
POINT SOURCE BRANI,H
Town of Franklin
NPDES Permit No. NC0021547
Modification to 3.3 MGD
Macon County, North Carolina
Please find enclosed three (3) copies of revised page 11 for the Engineering
Alternatives Analysis recently submitted to support the Town of Franklin's NPDES
permit modification request. As we discussed, Table 3-5, Projected Average Daily
Wastewater Flows, has been revised to include the line item for Infiltration/Inflow. In
addition, notes which detail the determination of the flow projections have been added at
the bottom of page 11 to accompany Table 3-5.
Please replace this revised page 11 with the sheet included in the previously
submitted analysis. If you have any other questions during your review, please contact
us.
Sincerely,
McGILL ASSOCIATES, P.A.
MIKE WARESAK, P.E.
Project Engineering Manager
Enclosures
Cc: David E. Henson, Mayor, Town of Franklin
Mike Decker, Town Administrator, Town of Franklin
Dan Blaisdell, NCDWQ, Construction Grants and Loans Section
Joel Storrow, McGill Associates
98740/tr06mar02.doc
Engineering • Planning • Finance
McGill Associates, P.A. • P.O. Box 2259, Asheville, NC 28802 • 55 Broad Street, Asheville, NC 28801
828-252-0575 • FAX [phone]

Table 3-5 tabulates the projected flows for the future sewer service area for the Town of
Franklin's Wastewater Treatment Plant. Based on historical wastewater treatment plant flows, a
maximum daily flow peaking factor of 1.6 is anticipated. Table 3-5 indicates that the projected
average daily wastewater flow for the 20-year planning period is 3.3 mgd.
Table 3-5
Projected Average Daily Wastewater Flows (Gallons per Day)
Town of Franklin Wastewater Treatment Plant
Year
Classification 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021
Residential 336,150 386,300 474,530 582,911 716,046
Commercial/ 359,283 826,363 1,015,101 1,246,947 1,531,746
Institutional
Industrial 55,580 60,000 73,704 90,538 111,217
Infiltration/Inflow 298,987 490,000 610,000 740,000 920,000
TOTAL 1,050,000 1,762,663 2,173,335 2,660,396 3,279,009
Flow Projection Notes
1. As stated previously in this Section of the report, Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) has been assumed to be
approximately 28% of the total flow. This figure is the estimated average I/I for the entire sewer
collection system over the planning period.
2. Total flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is assumed to be the entire flow allocation of 521,650
gpd as shown in Table 3-2.
3. Residential flew increase between 2001 and 2006 includes flow allocations from Table 3-2 for
the following properties: Holt-Dowdle Mountain Road (15,000 gpd), Ochsener Property (21,150
gpd), Macon County Housing Project (11,500 gpd), and Trampis Dowdle-Old Murphy Road
(2,500 gpd). The total residential flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is, therefore, estimated to
be 50,150 gpd.
4. Since all the properties listed in Table 3-2 have not yet been developed, it is assumed that a small
portion of the flow generated by these properties will be light industrial wastewater. The amount
of industrial flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is estimated to be 4,420 gpd.
5. Commercial/Institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is the balance of the flow
allocations in Table 3-2 that are non-residential and non -industrial. The amount of
commercial/institutional flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is 467,080 gpd.
6. Flow increases between 2006 and 2021 are estimated at 4.2% per year as previously stated in this
Section of the report.
11

MEMO From:
To: Subject:
D 5 chaA +z .co *v O tWt o/ Qc - —
(4/1 Q, t.v trio ►u-4-or t n dzott
Rp� .Por rnd-cis -
Division of Water Quality
Date:
au_ten cLo
0, LttLL tc -- (uppliu
/ CCJo- �i1�c2AV )
`=--Aick-(to gts,kticf,_ rax„„zajapp-ac (-02/9)
C-4P`o- ()A
(tndanned 0,,
ATA
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
PO Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 / Phone: [phone]

Q3/06/2002 15 FAX [phone]
UcGILL ASSOCS.�
li
1 [Zoo
Table { ► tabulates the projected flows for the fiturr s wer
Fr s Wastewater Treatment Plant. Based on bistor'
m daily flow peaking factor of 1.6 is anticipated.
avera = aily wastewater flow for the 20-year planning pieri
Table 3-5
Projected Average Daily Wastewater
Town of Franklin Wastewater
Clan : tion �, -°' 2001
22L 1
Reside 'al ; u ()')
Comm cial/ o �v
Institut i nal
359,2
2006
a 15 9,
386,300�1'
3 , 30 '1° 826,363
Indu m 4 =t 55,580 1et2 60,000
Infiltra on/Inflow 29a,987, »1.490,000
TOT
Flow
1.
1,050,000 1,762,663
ejection Notes
s stated previously in this Section of the repo
pproxunately28%o of the total flow, This fi
ollection system overlie planning period.
otal flow increase between 2001 and 2006 is
d as shown in Table 3-2.
esidential flow increase between 2001 and 20
he following properties: Holt: llowdle Moun
d), Macon County Housing Project (11,500
2,500 gpd). The total residential flow inereas
e50,150gpd.
ince all the properties listed in Table 3-2 hay
ortion of the flow generated by those properti
f industrial flow increase between 2001 and 2
ommerciallinstitutional flow increase between
allocations in Table 3-2 that are non-residential and po
commercial/institutional flow increase between 00
Flow increases between 2006 and 2021 are estimate
Section of the report.
11
seAfice
for
wastewater tr$atment
ble 3-5 , indicates that
is 3.3 iigd.
s (Gall ns p
tment lant
2011
74,530 82,9
,015,101 1,246
3,704 90,538
i10,000 740.0001
,173,335 2,660,396.
ltra1'on/Inflow (I/I) has been
mated average I/I for
be the entire flow alloca
s flow allocations from T
5,000 gpd), Ochsener Pr
d), tid1Frampis Dowdle-Old M
etween,001 and 2006 is, therefor
of yet been developed, it is assum
will be light industrial wastewate!
6 is estimated to be 4,420 gpd,
2001 and 2006 is the balance of th
industrial. The amount of
2006 is 467,080 gpd.
4.2% per year as previously stated in this
e Town of
tfl'I,ws,a
e pro�ected
2021
716,046
1,531,746
3,279,009
sumed to be
entire sewer
on of 521,650
ble 3-2 for
party (21,150
shy Road
, estimated to
d that a small
. The amount
flow
06�' �-
1_(s ���r}s.
G
Iv(
2
�)
1

- en U I ron merr a /sSQAd,± — gagcat
`xkm d /7z 2 6/ 1 I 1 .5 oa r .e .
SECTION II NEED
The Town of Franklin's Wastewater Treatment Facility currently has an NPDES permit
to discharge 1.65 MGD into the Tennessee River (see Appendix B)}. The plant is
currently operating at an average daily flow of approximately 1.05 MGD. When the
plant influent reaches 1.32 MGD (80% of the permit limit), the Town will be required to
submit a plan of action to the State of North Carolina. Due to a population growth of
15.7% over the most currently recorded six -year period (State Population Figures from
1990 to 1996, see Appendix C), it is estimated that this 80% mark will be reached within
the next 5 years, and the currently plant capacity will be exceeded in around 2011 (see
table below). Based on population and flow projections that include future annexations
and extension in the 20-year planning period, coupled with the fact the plant regularly
experiences peak flows above 1.65 MGD, it is recommended that the Town increase the
treatment facility capacity by 1.65 MGD to a design capacity and NPDES permit limit of
3.3 MGD. Due to the extended period of time required to secure funding, prepare design
documents and obtain regulatory approvals, it is recommended that the Town proceed
immediately with the process of expanding the wastewater treatment plant.
The proposed project will involve the construction of one (1) additional oxidation ditch
and one (1) clarifier as the main treatment process at the facility. In light of the statewide
trend toward nutrient reductions in the waters of North Carolina, the addition of the
above units to the treatment plant will allow for nutrient removal if required in the future.
The units can also achieve high levels of treatment that could allow the facility to meet
potential stringent discharge limits in the future..
Town of Franklin Projected Wastewater Flows
YEAR
PROJECTED AVERAGE
FLOWS (MGD)
PROJECTED PEAK
FLOWS (MGD)
2000
2005
1.05 (actual known flow)
1.33
1.68
2.13
2010
1.60
2.56
2015
2020
1.87
2.13 v r.
2.99
3.41 I

SECTION III ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
A complete alternatives analysis for the Franklin WWTP project is included in Section
IV of this report. Upgrading the existing treatment plant (Alternative #1) was analyzed
along with the alternative of spray irrigation (Alternative #2) and a no action alternative
(Alternative #3). The recommended alternative is to upgrade the existing wastewater
treatment plant (Alternative #1), which involves the construction of one (1) oxidation
ditch and one (1) clarifier as the primary treatment units, as well as the additional
supporting equipment mentioned in Section I.
Cost estimates for all alternatives are included at the end of Section IV of this report. In
addition, a present value analysis for Alternative #1 and Alternative #2 is included in
Section IV following the cost estimates.
Water Conservation
The Town currently promotes water conservation on an as -needed basis to preserve water
supplies. Although increased water conservation may slightly decrease wastewater
flows, it is not practical to expect water conservation measures to eliminate the need to
expand the wastewater treatment plant. A decrease in wastewater flow of 5% due to
water conservation would decrease the 20-year projected wastewater flow to only
approximately 2.0 MGD. Therefore, water conservation alone is not a feasible solution
to meet the Town's projected wastewater needs.