20051216 Ver 3_Biological Assessment REV3_20140625

BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
Micaville Wastewater Treatment Plant and Collection System
USACE Action Number 2010 -00378
USFWS Log Number 4 2 04 307
Prepared for:
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801 5006
Prepared by:
Harry B. Buckner, PE
McGill Associates, PA, Consulting Engineers
55 Broad Street
Asheville, North Carolina, 28804
January 17, 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
PROJECT HISTORY
1
1.1.1 Previous Studies
2
1.2
FEDERAL NEXUX
3
1.3
CONSULTATION HISTORY
4
2.0
DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION AND THE ACTION AREA
9
2.1
ACTION AREA
9
2.1.1 Project Location
9
2.2.2 Existing Water and Sewer Utilities
9
2.2.3 Topography and Site Information
11
2.2
ACTION DESCRIPTION
11
2.2.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant
11
2.2.1.1 Wastewater treatment Plant Operations
14
2.2.2 Access Road
15
2.2.3 Pump Station and Force Main
17
2.2.4 Gravity Collection System
17
2.3
AREAS OF INDIRECT IMPACTS
18
3.0
LISTED SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITAT
20
3.1
APPALACHIAN ELKTOE (ALASMIDONTA RAVENELIANA)
20
3.1.1 Characteristics
20
3.1.2 Habitat
21
3.1.3 Range
21
3.1.4 Threats to the Species
23
4.0
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS
26
4.1
WATERSHEDS AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED ACTION
26
4.2
SOUTH TOE RIVER -NORTH TOE RIVER HYDROLOGIC UNIT (0601010802)
26
4.2.1 General Description
26
4.2.2 Best Usage Classification in the Nolichucky Basin
27
4.2.3 Bioclassification Results in the Nolichucky River Basin
29
4.2.4 Impaired Subwatersheds in the South Toe River -North Toe River
Hydrologic Unit
32
4.2.5 Point Source Permit Holders in the Nolichucky Basin
33
4.2.6 Non -Point Source Pollution
34
4.2.7 Ecological Significance
35
5.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF PROPOSED ACTION 36
5.1 DIRECT IMPACTS 36
5.1.1 Construction Activities 41
5.1.1.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant and Access Road 41
5.1.1.2 Pump Station and Force Main 42
5.1.1.3 Gravity Collection System 42
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
5.1.2
Decreased Riparian Buffer
43
5.1.3
Operational Effects
44
5.1.3.1 Flows
44
5.1.3.2 Temperature
44
5.1.3.3 Nutrients
44
5.1.3.4 Organic Contaminants
45
5.1.3.5 Metals
45
5.1.3.6 Unregulated Contaminants / Microconstituents
46
5.1.3.7 Summary of Operational Effects
47
5.2
INDIRECT
IMPACTS
48
5.2.1
Impervious Surface and Land Cover Alteration Associated
with Wastewater Treatment Plant Construction
48
5.2.2
Indirect Effects on Land Use
50
5.2.2.1 Wastewater Capacity Available to Induce Growth
53
5.2.3
Potential of Toxic Spills
54
5.2.3.1 Sludge Disposal Quantities and Vehicle Trip Assessment
54
6.0
PROPOSED AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION MEASURES
56
6.1
STANDARD MEASURES
56
6.1.1
Erosion Control Measures
56
6.1.2
Design Approach
55
6.1.3
Agency Coordination
57
6.2
PROJECT SPECIFIC MEASURES
57
6.2.1
Preconstruction Surveys
57
6.2.2
Modifications to the Proposed Treatment Process
57
6.2.3
Guard Rail Installation
57
6.2.4
Access Road Drainage System
57
6.2.4.1 Access Road Drainage Pipe Plunge Pool and Stabilization Efforts
58
6.2.4.2 Access Road Maintenance Plan
58
6.2.5
Treatment Plant Stormwater System Design
58
6.2.6
Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan
58
6.2.7
Relocation of the Influent Pump Station
59
6.2.8
Mandatory Connection of Identified Failed Systems and New Systems
59
6.2.9
Participation in Public Education and Awareness Activities
59
6.2.10
Assistance with Stream Restoration Efforts — Peterson/Boone Tracts
60
7.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS
61
7.1 DIRECT IMPACTS
- APPALACHIAN ELKTOE
61
7.1.1
Erosion Sedimentation from Construction Sites
61
7.1.2
Decreased Riparian Buffers
61
7.1.3
Operational Effects
62
7.2
INDIRECT
IMPACTS - APPALACHIAN ELKTOE53
62
7.2.1
Impervious Surface and Land Cover Alteration Associated
with Wastewater Treatment Plant Construction
62
7.2.2
Indirect Effects on Land Use
63
7.2.3
Potential for Toxic Spills
63
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

7.3
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS - APPALACHIAN ELKTOE
64
7.4
DIRECT IMPACTS- CRITICAL HABITAT
65
7.5
INDIRECT IMPACTS - CRITICAL HABITAT
65
7.6
CUMULATIVE IMPACTS - CRITICAL HABITAT
66
7.7
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS: CONCLUSIONS
66
8.0
OTHER FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
67
9.0
LITERATURE CITED
70
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3 -1 Threats to Appalachian elktoe in Nolichucky River
Table 4 -1 Land Cover in the Nolichucky River Basin
Table 4 -2 Land Cover in the South Toe River Watershed Above South Toe RM 5
Table 4 -3 Best Usage Classifications in the Nolichucky River Basin
Table 4 -4 Waterbodies monitored in HUC 06010108 in the French Broad River
basin for basinwide assessment, 2002 and 2007
Table 4 -5 NPDES Permitted Dischargers in Nolichucky River Basin
Table 4 -6 Rare Aquatic Species in the Nolichucky River Basin in North Carolina.
Table 5 -1 Impacts to the South Toe River and Its Tributaries
Table 8 -1 Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Federal Species of Concern,
and Candidate Species, Yancey County, North Carolina
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2 -1 EYWSD Boundary Map
Figure 2 -2 Project Location Map
Figure 2 -3 EYWSD Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Development Plan
Figure 2 -4 Proposed EYWSD Boundary and Treatment Plant Location Relative
to the South Toe River/North Toe River HUC
Figure 4 -1 Benthic and Fish Sampling sites in HUC 06010108 in the Nolichucky
River basin.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Mussel Surveys for Appalachian Elktoe at EYWSD WWTP
25
27
27
28
32
33
35
38
67
10
12
13
19
31
74
94
103
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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Site - South Toe River
APPENDIX B
NPDES Permit for the EYWSD South Toe River Discharge
APPENDIX C
EYWSD Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater
Spillage Response Plan
APPENDIX D
2002 On -Site System Community Surveys
APPENDIX E
Access Road Maintenance Plan
APPENDIX F
Yancey County Building Inspections Department
Connection Requirement Letter
25
27
27
28
32
33
35
38
67
10
12
13
19
31
74
94
103
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Biological Assessment (BA) addresses potential impacts to federally protected species
associated with providing sewer service to the East Yancey Water and Sewer District ( EYWSD),
a unit of local government established by Yancey County. The mission of the EYWSD is to
provide public sewer service to the area contained within the defined District boundary,
primarily the unincorporated communities of Micaville and Windom. The District is comprised
of almost 4,000 acres and contains approximately 524 residences, small businesses, and
industrial and institutional facilities. Significant industries and businesses include Hickory
Springs Manufacturing, the now closed Taylor Togs factory building, Micaville Elementary
School, East Yancey Middle School, Burnsville Elementary School, High Pastures Christian
Retreat, several small commercial developments, and numerous small churches.
All properties located within the District have privately owned wastewater disposal systems
consisting of traditional on -site systems, large on -site systems, directly discharging systems, or
private collection systems. The vast majority of the businesses and residents in the District
receive their water supply from private wells. However, the western edge of the District along
Highway 19E to East Yancey Middle and Burnsville Elementary School does receive public
water from the Town of Burnsville. The Town of Burnsville does plan to extend public water
service to larger portions of the District, primarily along the Highway 19 corridor to Micaville.
In order to achieve the stated mission of the District, the District plans to construct a new
125,000 gallon per day advanced, tertiary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a main influent
pump station, approximately 4,900 linear feet of 8 -inch force main, and approximately 34,000
linear feet of gravity collection sewers. While not providing service to the entire District, this
project represents the most feasible areas to immediately serve within the District boundary.
There are no plans by the District in the foreseeable future to extend service beyond the area
proposed to be served by this project.
1.1 PROJECT HISTORY
The overall East Yancey wastewater project has a long and complicated history. The original
need for this project was identified in 1989 by Yancey County and Town of Burnsville leaders.
The community of Micaville was home to a small industry in need of expansion, but was unable
to expand due to their limited ability to treat the wastewater generated from their facility. The
industry originally approached the Town of Burnsville to discuss the possibility of abandoning
their existing wastewater treatment facility and connecting to a proposed publicly owned
treatment facility with the capability of serving not only their industry, but the larger community
as well. Several attempts were made over the following 10 years or so to secure public funding
for the project, none of which were successful. Ultimately the industry located in Micaville was
forced to close its doors; however, all of the planning efforts performed during the evaluation
processes searching for funding clearly identified the broader need for a centralized public sewer
system in this area of the county. Through these previous studies, it has been identified that the
availability of public sewer will directly address water quality issues related to existing
wastewater sources in the Little Crabtree Creek watershed.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

In order to address these water quality issues, the Town of Burnsville partnered with Yancey
County and the County created the EYWSD, which covers the greater Micaville community.
The purpose of the District is to facilitate the development of infrastructure to serve the existing
District boundary area with public wastewater service. Applications were made to the North
Carolina Division of Water Quality's (NCDWQ) High Unit Cost program (designed to provide
funding to economically challenged and environmentally needy communities) and to the North
Carolina Rural Economic Development Center's (The Rural Center) Unsewered Communities
Program (designed to provide funding to areas not served by any public wastewater systems and
with documented environmental problems). Both applications were ultimately approved and
resulted in a total commitment of State funds in the amount of $6,000,000 along with a local
contribution of $340,100. These funds are in addition to substantial, earlier expenditures of both
time and money preparing earlier planning efforts and funding applications for the project.
With all permits and easements in hand in mid 2011, the project was advertised and bids were
received in August 2011. Contracts with the lowest responsive responsible bidders were
executed in January, 2012 and construction activities began in February 2012 on both the waste
treatment plant and the collection system.
1.1.1 Previous Studies
In order to secure permits and obtain outside funding for the project, several documents have
been prepared over the past ten -plus years about the project. Due to its small size and limited
scope, by definition, the proposed project does not fall under the requirements of the State
Environmental Protection Act (SEPA) or the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA)
environmental reporting requirements. However, an Engineering Alternatives Analysis (EAA)
was performed in 2004 in an attempt to define the various alternatives to achieving the goal of
improving the water quality of the Little Crabtree Creek watershed by eliminating pollutant
discharges while comparing the relative costs of each viable alternative. This document was
reviewed and ultimately approved by the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR) as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permitting process. It is important to note that these early documents focused on the
water quality of the Little Crabtree Creek basin, not the entirety of the Nolichucky River Basin.
We also note that the EAA (as well as all of the other earlier project justification documentation)
was prepared in the 2000 to 2005 time period. Western North Carolina was in the middle of one
of the largest economic expansions that it had ever experienced. Upon a current review of this
documentation, and when compared to the information in this document, the projected
population growth estimates do not appear to concur with one another, and they, in fact, do not.
In 2007 and 2008, the real estate market underwent a massive correction effectively ending the
tremendous run -up experienced in the early 2000's. Growth rates from the first five years of the
2000's showed double digit growth, but after about 2007, those growth rates actually reversed
slightly before returning to long -term historical levels of approximately one to two percent. Of
course, this was unforeseeable in the early and mid 2000's when all of the planning and
permitting efforts for this project were originally completed.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

We do note that even thought the growth projections changed quite dramatically since the
original preparation of the engineering documents, this document continues to show that this
individual project will not by itself support uncontrolled growth within the District, and in fact
supports only limited new growth along the specific corridor along the proposed main line. A
further discussion about the potential for additional growth is provided in Section 5.2.2.1.
Lastly, applications for funding containing Preliminary Engineering Reports and other
documents and scoping information were prepared for The Rural Center and NCDWQ as the two
major funders of the project. This information was prepared and ultimately accepted by these
agencies to support the justifiable water quality need for the project. More specifically, The
Rural Center also required that specific documentation be provided on the status of the existing
on -site systems in the proposed service area. As a result, seventy -two (72) individual properties
within the District were visually reviewed and data sheets taken outlining the physical location of
the properties and any identified deficiencies with the existing wastewater disposal or water
supply systems. A copy of these community surveys is available in Appendix D for review.
Additionally, seven (7) total and fecal coliform tests were performed on Little Crabtree Creek,
Ayles Creek, and Georges Fork Creek within the District to verify the presence of total and fecal
coliform in the surface waters. Copies of these tests are also included in Appendix D.
1.2 FEDERAL NEXUS
The District is providing this BA to facilitate review of the proposed action as required by
section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). This BA has been prepared to facilitate
coordination between the federal action agency and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS), referred to as the Service. Section 7 of the ESA requires that, through consultation
(or conferencing for proposed species) with the Service, federal actions do not jeopardize the
continued existence of any threatened, endangered, or proposed species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of critical habitat. The District is in the process of securing a
Nationwide 12 Permit from the United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) for the
proposed EYWSD Sewage Collection and Treatment System, which is the federal nexus for this
project, and the USACE has agreed to be the federal action agency.
This BA evaluates the potential effects of the proposed EYWSD Sewer Collection and
Treatment System project on species and habitats that are federally listed under the ESA. This
study has the following objectives:
• To review information on species within the Action Area.
• To conduct a review of the project area to observe species habitat and site - specific
conditions.
• To discuss direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of the proposed action and effects
to the species and habitats.
• To discuss permit conditions and additional impact avoidance and minimization
measures.
• To provide a recommendation with regard to effect determinations.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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The BA describes baseline conditions and potential effects to ESA regulated fish and wildlife
and critical habitat that may be present in the vicinity of the action. This document describes
potential direct and indirect effects of the proposed action as well as the effects of interrelated
and interdependent actions upon listed species, critical habitat, and the environmental baseline
within the project area related to the construction of the proposed wastewater treatment facility
and wastewater collection lines, and operational impacts with respect to the discharge of highly
treated wastewater to the South Toe River.
1.3 CONSULTATION HISTORY
Since funding was secured in 2002, the project progressed to the detailed design phase,
beginning with hiring a consulting engineering firm to develop detailed design documents and
assist with the acquisition of all regulatory permits. One of the several permits required to be
obtained to construct the project was a Federal Section 404 (section of the Federal Clean Water
Act (CWA)) Nationwide Permit (NWP) Number 12 issued by the USACE. The early design
process identified thirteen (13) subaqueous and three (3) aerial crossings of jurisdictional waters
with the gravity collection system.
An additional permitting process that resulted in consultation with the Service was the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination Permit ( NPDES) required under the CWA. The District had
applied for the discharge permit in 2004 and based on comments and concerns about the
potential effect of the treated effluent on the Appalachian elktoe mussel (Alasmidonta
raveneliana), from the Service and the NC Wildlife Resource Commission, the NC Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, Water Quality Program, convened meetings in early
2005 to discuss the permit conditions. Based on these meetings, several significant changes to
the treatment process were included in the plant design and the permit was modified to include
these changes as conditions of the permit. The NPDES permit was also modified to include
monitoring requirements and an elktoe mussel survey. The changes to the treatment process
included the removal of chlorine as the disinfection method and replacement by ultraviolet (UV)
disinfection and requirements for tertiary treatment and final filtration of the treated effluent
before UV treatment and discharge. The NPDES permit was issued in April 2005.
During the initial NWP 12 permitting process in mid -2005, the Service reviewed the application
package and provided comments and concerns to Mr. Steve Chapin with the USACE. In
addition to the original application, an Environmental Alternatives Analysis prepared for the
subject project was also provided and reviewed by the Service. On September 30, 2005, McGill
Associates responded to the concerns enumerated by the Service. On October 27, 2005, the
Service sent another letter to the USACE stating that they did not believe the indirect and
cumulative effects had been adequately addressed or mitigated. In that letter the Service also
informed the USACE that they believed the indirect and cumulative effects of the project would
result in adverse effects to the Appalachian elktoe mussel and its designated critical habitat in the
South Toe River, downstream of the project site. Following the USACE's review and
consideration of the Service's comments, however, a permit for the project, with a determination
of "no effect," was issued by the USACE on November 10, 2005.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Following this initial permitting action, substantial delays were encountered by the District
during negotiations and securing the necessary private easements for the proposed project.
Because of these delays in moving the project forward to construction, the previously issued
NWP expired in 2007. After most easements were obtained in 2010, a request to renew the
previously issued permit was submitted.
As is customary for engineering projects of this magnitude, the detailed design drawings were
continually under review and being refined during the negotiation of easements and as other
details of the project were being worked out. As a result, modifications to the design were made
during this 5 -year delay in the project. One of these changes included the redesign of the access
road to follow the abandoned railroad grade along the South Toe River. This decision was made
following the development and review of several prospective road designs providing access from
Wyatt Town Road down into the site from above. It was decided at that time that this road
location was not cost effective and did not provide a functional and safe design for access into
the site. It was also concluded that by relocating the access road along the abandoned railroad
grade, that the amount of clearing, grading, and earthwork required, as well as potential
construction related impacts, could be substantially minimized as compared to a new access road
from Wyatt Town Road. Because the corridor along the main influent sewer line is required to
be accessible under North Carolina sewer collection system rules, having the road follow the
sewer alignment would allow the District to observe, maintain, and access the sewer line within
the road location.
A second change to the original design concept was to move the influent pump station from the
treatment plant site to an upstream location in order to eliminate a very deep segment of gravity
line (in excess of 22 feet deep) along the proposed railroad grade adjacent to the South Toe
River. At the time of the adjustments to the design, these modifications were thought to have no
material effect on the 404 permitting. There were three existing culverts along the original
railroad grade that required replacement and it was believed by the District and its consultant that
under USACE procedures in place at that time that these replacements would not be "impacts"
under the 404 program. While this point was verbally discussed with the USACE, formal
notification regarding these design adjustments was not provided to the USACE or the Service as
they were not believed to impact 404 permitting action for the project.
In April 2010, the applicant, through its consultant, submitted a new application to reapply for
the previously issued NWP. In addition to the original sixteen (16) temporary stream impacts for
the installation of the gravity sewer line, the application was expanded to include anticipated
impacts associated with the proposed WWTP outfall. The Service again provided comments and
recommendations based on the renewal application, and they reiterated their objection to the
previous "no effect" determination made by the USACE. In that letter the Service also
recommended that a "may affect, likely to adversely affect" determination be made on the
project as proposed, that additional surveys for the Appalachian elktoe be conducted in the
project area, and that formal consultation with their office be initiated. On June 25, 2010, the
USACE issued a letter stating the following:
"We have determined that the proposed construction of the outfall structure
within designated critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe "may affect" the
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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species, which requires section 7 consultation with your office. Our findings and
determinations from the original project, regarding permit area and indirect,
secondary, and cumulative impacts, with the exception of the outfall construction
impacts, remain unchanged. Accordingly, we feel that informal consultation to
arrive at appropriate measures for protection of the species and the designated
critical habitat is appropriate. "
This informal consultation on the location of the outfall line led to modification of the outfall
design and the performance of a new elktoe mussel survey. The outfall design was modified to
include an effluent diffuser for effective mixing in the South Toe and to minimize potential
zones of higher effluent concentrations as the discharge enters the River. Additionally, it was
determined that a new elktoe mussel survey should be performed in the proposed vicinity of the
discharge to establish a location that would minimize any potential impact to existing mussel
populations. This consultation effort was concluded with a letter from Service dated April 5,
2011, and the NWP for the project was granted on April 21, 2011. The permit action required
that a focused elktoe survey be conducted just before placement of the outfall structure and
diffuser is installed to make sure that the construction would not impact any elktoe found in the
proposed disturbed area. The Service will be present during this survey and would guide any
actions needed before outfall installation.
The project was advertised and bids were received in August 2011. Contracts with the lowest
responsive responsible bidders were executed in January 2012 and construction activities began
in February 2012 on both the WWTP and the collection system. One of the first activities
performed was the required work to provide access to the plant site. This activity included
limited grading along the abandoned railroad grade and the replacement of the three existing
culverts.
On April 12, 2012, Mr. Bryan Tompkins of the Service visited the site to monitor construction
activities. He immediately contacted the District's engineer, McGill Associates, to express his
concerns over some of the construction activities surrounding the replacement of the three
culverts carrying the three unnamed tributaries to the South Toe River along the old railroad
alignment. Subsequently, Mr. Tompkins met on the site with Mr. Forrest Westall of McGill
Associates on May 9, 2012, to discuss the proposed access road plans and expressed the
Service's concerns regarding this portion of the project, and emphasizing that they had not been
notified of this location of the access road as a part of the overall project. After updating and
coordinating with the USACE, it was determined that impacts related to the replacement of the
three culverts would have to be covered under the project 404 Permit. The USACE directed the
District to submit a permit modification request as soon as possible.
McGill Associates prepared a new NWP 12 application requesting an amendment to include the
replacement of the culverts and submitted it on May 21, 2012. As a part of this new submittal,
the package included the plan sheets showing the location of the main plant influent line as a
force main instead of a gravity line as originally planned in 2005.
Following several conversations between the USACE, the Service, and McGill Associates in an
attempt to clarify the situation and address concerns expressed by the Service the USACE issued,
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

on June 4, 2012, to the EYWSD a suspension notice on activities related to impacts permitted
under the NWP 12 previously issued for the project. Subsequently, the Service provided a
lengthy list of comments to the USACE, which was forwarded to the EYWSD and their
consultant describing their concerns and recommendations regarding the proposed amendments
to the NWP for the access road. A meeting was held with representatives from the Service,
USACE, McGill Associates, and the EYWSD on June 18, 2012. The main objective of this
meeting was to secure a better understanding of the steps necessary to resolve the issues,
complete permitting, and allow the project to move forward.
At that time, the Service's position was that the proposed access road and change of the plant
influent line from gravity service to pressurized service constituted a substantial change in the
scope of the project and had the potential to significantly impact the critical habitat of the elktoe
mussel in the adjoining reach of the South Toe River. During the several meetings and
interactions on this project, the USACE asked the District to submit additional project
information related to the access road location.
To more fully discuss and review the potential impacts of the access road, Mr. Tompkins from
the Service and Ms. Amanda Jones and Ms. Tasha McCormick from the USACE attended a
meeting with McGill Associates on July 20, 2012, to discuss the possibility of providing
proposed plan changes to implement stormwater "best management practices" (BMPs) for the
construction of the access road at the currently proposed location as well as to evaluate proposed
alternative locations for the access road. Following that meeting and the Service review of the
substantial amount of information provided at that meeting, representatives from the Service,
USACE, McGill Associates, and the EYWSD attended a meeting on August 17, 2012, to discuss
the Service's determinations and recommendations concerning the proposed access road.
The primary result of that meeting was the description of two options to the District that would
allow them to move toward securing an updated 404 approval. The District could either relocate
the access road through the middle of the site from Wyatt Town Road and continue with an
informal consultation process; or petition to leave the access road in its existing location along
the previously abandoned railroad grade and be required to enter into formal consultation with
the Service. Based upon the projected additional costs associated with relocating the road and
the Engineer's determination that a relocated road would likely not decrease, and may actually
increase, the environmental impact of the project, it was determined that formal consultation
would be pursued to attempt to permit the access road in its originally proposed location.
Proceeding with formal consultation required that this Biological Assessment be prepared, and
all previously discussed and settled issues surrounding all the impacts of the project, not just
those related to the access road, including secondary and cumulative impacts, be re- evaluated
and presented within this document.
After the August 17, 2012 meeting, officials from the District and the District's consultant have
continued to work with officials from the Corps and the USFWS on the preparation of this
document. McGill Associates has met and communicated about the project with officials from
the Corps and USFWS several times to confirm and inspect the existing field conditions, discuss
potential mitigative efforts that may be acceptable to the Agencies, and to review various
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

iterations of this document. Consultation meetings were held with the Corps on January 23,
2013 and September 18, 2013, with substantial correspondence throughout the year, and
consultation meetings were held with the USFWS on December 10, 2013 and December 12,
2013. Draft versions of this document have been submitted on December 19, 2012, August 30,
2013, and this final version submitted January 17, 2014.
Page 8 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTION AND THE ACTION AREA
2.1 ACTION AREA
The ESA requires that potential effects to listed and proposed endangered and threatened species
be evaluated in relation to the complete range of area influenced by the proposed action (the
Action Area) (50 CFR Part 402.02). The Action Area encompasses the complete extent where
measurable direct and indirect effects resulting from the proposed action are foreseeable and are
reasonably certain to occur.
For the purpose of this assessment, the Action Area of direct impacts generally includes the
specific locations where construction activities are planned to occur. The Action Area of indirect
impacts is defined to generally include the entire area within the EYWSD service area boundary.
This area defines the extent of potential sewer collection system expansions into the District.
2.1.1 Proiect Location
The service area for this project consists of the EYWSD service boundary, which is comprised of
almost 4,000 acres of land located in Yancey County just East and South of Burnsville, North
Carolina. A map of the District is shown in Figure 2 -1. The communities of Micaville and
Windom are both generally located inside the district. Within the District, there are
approximately 524 potential customers. Of those parcels that are developed, approximately 490
are residential, while the remaining approximately 34 are industrial, commercial, and
institutional properties.
Currently, the East Yancey Water and Sewer District consists primarily of a mix of residential
homes and commercial businesses along Highway 19E, and in the Micaville Community, with
lower density residential and development along Highway 80 and in the surrounding areas. Some
of the land within the service area lies within the 100 -year flood plain of Little Crabtree Creek
and its associated tributaries. This District also contains several larger institutions including the
now closed Taylor Togs facility, formerly a child's clothing manufacturer; Hickory Springs
Manufacturing, a maker of bedsprings; Mountain View Commercial Center; Micaville
Elementary School; East Yancey Middle School; and Burnsville Elementary School; and two (2)
Yancey County Solid Waste Recycling and Transfer Stations. There are also numerous churches
located within the District boundary.
2.1.2 Existing Water and Sewer Utilities
The vast majority of the businesses and residents in the District receive their water supply from
private well systems. However, the western edge of the District along Highway 19E to East
Yancey Middle and Burnsville Elementary Schools does receive water from the Town of
Burnsville.
All existing development in this area have wastewater disposal systems consisting of privately
owned systems that are either traditional on -site subsurface disposal systems, large on -site
systems, discharge systems or private collection systems. During a survey of the existing on -site
Page 9 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Insert Figure 2 -1
EYWSD Boundary Map
YANCEY COUNTY J I
BORDER
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A S S O C I A T E S
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FIGURE 2 -1
PROJECT LOCATION MAP
EAST YANCEY
WATER & SEWER DISTRICT
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Page 10 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

sewer systems performed in 2002, a total of five (5) suspected cases of straight piping of black
water were identified and an additional twenty -five (25) homes that were surveyed had
confirmed instances of straight piping of gray water from their sinks and washing machines.
There were another five (5) homes that were surveyed in which straight piping of gray water was
suspected but could not be confirmed, and there was one confirmed septic system failure in
progress. A detailed copy of this information is contained in Appendix D. There are two (2)
privately owned NPDES permitted dischargers located within the District boundary.
2.1.3 Topography and Soils Information
The topography of the area is typical of western North Carolina, with steep slopes, narrow
valleys and little bottomland. Little Crabtree Creek and Ayles Creek are the primary waterways
in the District along with several smaller and unnamed creeks that ultimately feed into the South
Toe River. Elevations inside the District range from approximately 2,450 feet mean sea level to
approximately 4,850 feet mean sea level.
The soils information in this report is based on data provided by the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), National Resource Conversation Service (MRCS). Based on a review of
this data, it is estimated that approximately 70 percent of the District contains soils that are either
unsuitable or marginally suitable for reliable operation of septic system drain fields. Unsuitable
areas are particularly dominant in low -lying areas along creeks, and in rocky, steep mountainous
areas within the District. While some areas do exist that appear suitable for septic systems,
septic system operation in the majority of the area is severely restricted due to the soil
characteristics.
2.2 ACTION DESCRIPTION
The District plans to construct a new 125,000 gallon per day (gpd) advanced, tertiary WWTP
and accompanying access road, a main influent pump station, approximately 4,900 linear feet of
8 -inch force main, and approximately 34,000 linear feet of gravity collection sewers. This
correlates to four (4) distinct areas of work and types of construction: the treatment plant site; an
access road to the treatment plant; the pump station site and force main; and the gravity
collection system. A general location map of the proposed improvements is attached in Figure 2-
2, and a brief description of each section follows.
2.2.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant
The EYWSD proposes to construct a new advanced tertiary 125,000 gpd WWTP on an 8.25 acre
site owned by Yancey County adjacent to the South Toe River at river mile 5. The construction
of the treatment facility includes the development of approximately 2.0 acres of the site. There is
a remnant of previous development on the site, as well as remnants of the now abandoned
Yancey railroad, but the site is generally overgrown and in a forested state. The western portion
of the site is also transected by Wyatt Town Road. A site development plan for construction of
the WWTP and associated infrastructure is shown in Figure 2 -3.
Page 11 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Insert Figure 2 -2
Project Location Map
Page 12
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Insert Figure 2 -3
EYWSD Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Development Plan
PROPOSED WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
EAST YANCEY
WATER $ SEWER DISTRICT
YMCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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Page 13 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Al
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Page 13 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

The primary potential direct impact from the construction of the treatment plant site is the
construction of the effluent outfall line into the South Toe River. A mussel survey and dye tracer
study was conducted along approximately 550 feet of the South Toe River in the vicinity of the
treatment plant site and outfall line on June 21, 2006, and an update to that survey was conducted
on February 17, 2011. The results of the studies were used to field locate the actual outfall
location during informal consultation with the Service as documented earlier and are attached in
Appendix A.
Also of concern is the possibility of sediment to leave the site during construction. The site has
an approved sedimentation and erosion control plan issued by the Division of Land Resources
(recently changed to the Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources (NCDEMLR) that
incorporates BMP's from the State Erosion Control Manual. This includes the installation of
temporary sedimentation basins, utilization of "super silt fence" along the project boundaries,
and continual monitoring and maintenance of the measures.
2.2.1.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations
The EYWSD facility includes raw wastewater screening (primary treatment), Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD) and nitrogen removal (advanced secondary treatment), filtration
(tertiary treatment), and UV disinfection prior to discharge through a diffuser to the South Toe
River.
The liquid stream treatment process will consist of passing raw wastewater through four stages:
• Fine screening;
• BOD, nitrogen removal, and solids removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor process;
• Polishing of the effluent through mechanical filtration; and
• UV disinfection.
The treatment process will generally take place as follows. The proposed gravity collection
system and main pump station will deliver wastewater to the treatment plant. Upon entering the
plant the wastewater would be routed through the headworks where fine screening of influent
would occur to remove large and small solids from the liquid stream that may damage the
downstream equipment or otherwise collect at the bottom of the downstream processes.
After fine screening, the wastewater would be piped to another series of tanks where the
biological (advanced secondary) treatment process would take place. In this process, aerobic
bacteria will oxidize BOD and covert ammonia into nitrite and nitrite into nitrate.[We do not
have BNR in this process.] This process effectively reduces oxygen demand and will greatly
reduce ammonia nitrogen in the waste stream. Following this step the wastewater will go to the
effluent filters, a set of cloth media filters that effectively remove any solids not captured during
the settling process.
After passing through the cloth media filters the water will be subjected to a final treatment step,
disinfection. The purpose of disinfection is to kill remaining pathogens in the treated effluent to a
level that complies with discharge permit conditions. From the filters, process water will be
Page 14 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

disinfected with ultraviolet light. This highly treated effluent will then be discharged to the
South Toe River through a diffuser that evenly distributes flow into the deepest and most rapid
flowing part of the river. Biosolids will be trucked from the WWTP to the Town of Burnsville
WWTP for further processing into a beneficial compost material with their program.
As noted earlier in this evaluation, the District modified its original proposed treatment process
to reflect resource agency concerns about the potential impact of the discharge on the biological
life in the South Toe River. The treatment provided by this plant will result in an effluent that
will consistently be of higher quality than required by the NPDES permit.
2.2.2 Access Road
The proposed access road alignment follows a very gentle grade along an alignment that was
previously established as a rail line for the Yancey Railroad (originally constructed in 1907 as
the Black Mountain Railway) between the communities of Kona and Micaville. Ultimately the
rail line was extended on to the Town of Burnsville to the west and the Bowditch community to
the south. The rail line operated continuously until the rail crossing at the North Toe River was
damaged during severe flooding in 1977. The trestle at the North Toe River was never repaired,
service was discontinued, and all major assets were eventually sold off between 1977 and 1984.
All remaining assets, including the actual lines, were auctioned or surrendered in 1985.
The access road is designed to connect the District's 8.25 acre site to Wyatt Town Road in order
to allow safe and reliable worker, operational, and maintenance access into the property. In
order to construct the proposed roadway, the existing railroad tracks and ties have been removed
along the approximately 2,000 foot long access road, the existing rail bed and ballast shaped and
graded in- place, and additional stone brought in to widen and define the final road grade. The
proposed access road required minimal additional disturbance to widen the route from an
existing 8 to 10 feet of width to approximately 15 feet of width, which is the width of the
permanent easement. Conservatively assuming that the entire width of both the permanent 15-
foot wide and additional 10 -foot wide temporary construction easement is disturbed (a total of 25
feet wide by 2,000 feet long), this totals approximately 50,000 square feet (1.15 acres) of land
disturbed in establishing the alignment. The distance from the proposed roadside to the South
Toe River ranges from approximately 15 feet at its narrowest point to approximately 80 feet
along the majority of the route.
The roadway installation also includes the replacement of three existing culvert crossings of
unnamed tributaries to the South Toe River. These pre- existing culverts have been replaced to
their original alignments, diameters, and lengths, with one crossing remaining at its original
length, one being extended approximately 7 feet and another being extended 10 feet to
accommodate the additional width required for the roadway.
The access road has an approved sedimentation and erosion control plan issued by the Division
of Land Resources that incorporates BMP's from the State Erosion Control Manual.
Implementation of this plan has effectively eliminated the migration of any sediment from the
site during construction activities.
Page 15 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

At the request of the Service and the USACE, multiple alternative routes into the site were
identified, with one alternative being pursued to approximately 90 percent of final design stage.
This alternate access is approximately 1,000 feet long, but winds down a naturally occurring
1.5:1 to 2:1 slope partially through a power line right of way and undisturbed forestland. Due to
the naturally occurring steep topography along the alternative alignment, the disturbed area of
this alternative access road is approximately 1.7 acres, which is approximately 48 percent greater
than the estimated 1.15 acres of the recommended access road. This alternative alignment is also
inferior with regard to all- weather access and safety due to the necessarily steeper and curvier
roadway alignments. The steeper slopes also mean that stormwater cannot be handled through
roadside ditches, but is required to be hard -piped through a stormwater collection system and
sent to a single stormwater basin for treatment and attenuation. There are also serious concerns
with regards to stabilizing the large cut and fill slopes with vegetation in a reasonable time frame
to minimize erosion. Additionally, the alternative roadway alignment is estimated to cost
approximately $275,000 more than the original roadway alignment, based on feedback from the
District's contractor. Adding this amount of cost to the project causes it to exceed the funds
available, making it cost prohibitive.
In addition to the alternative access road alignment evaluation, it was also suggested and
proposed to install stormwater BMPs along the alignment to mitigate any effects of the increased
runoff. Two specific BMPs were suggested; one being the installation of an infiltration gallery
installed linearly along the roadway alignment to collect any runoff from the roadway and direct
it into the ground; and a secondary system that involved the construction of three (3)
skimmer /retention cells located between the proposed road and the South Toe River to collect
runoff that cannot be immediately absorbed by the infiltration gallery and overflows it.
The Service expressed some concerns about these BMPs, and we also share those concerns.
Specifically, the Service identified the following potential issues surrounding the BMP
installation:
1) The construction of three additional skimmer basins within 25 feet of the river, which
will eliminate additional riparian buffer area;
2) The fact that the road and associated BMP infrastructure will be constructed within the
100 year floodplain;
3) Maintenance issues, costs, and responsibilities for the BMPs;
4) The possibility of subsurface water intrusion into the skimmer basins, reducing their
functionality.
The District believes that, while an offer to install these measures was made in good faith as an
attempt to mitigate runoff impacts, the expanded construction impacts and cost of these BMPs
outweigh any theoretical benefits. While the BMPs may, conceptually, mitigate the potential
negative effects of increased runoff from the proposed road, the actual permanent impacts to the
riparian buffer from their own installation (particularly the skimmer basins) from a practical
standpoint outweigh any potential benefit of their existence. Maintenance will also be an issue
and will result in periodic disturbance by bringing in and operation equipment to perform the
work. Considering these issue and the estimated $75,000 to $95,000 cost to install as provided by
Page 16 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

the District's contractor, we believe that this money could be effectively utilized in other
components of the project and these funds are needed as contingency.
Another important consideration relative to the potential of the existing road to impact the
critical habitat area is that the placement of the road over the pre- existing rail line was a minor
impact to the area as it existed prior to the road being built. The general condition of the area
along the road was not substantially impacted by the project and the runoff characteristics of the
area have not been significantly affected. Observation of the areas along the road outside of the
stream crossings shows that runoff from precipitation events from the roadway is entering into
the drainage system along the South Toe essentially as it has since the rail line was constructed.
In much of the area along the road on the river side provides a highly permeable buffer between
the road and the river.
For these reasons, it is our conclusion that the road without the installation of BMP's is the most
appropriate way to access the treatment plant site. A careful and objective review of the road as
it exists today yields the conclusion that the road has minimal impacts to the South Toe River. In
fact, a close examination of the area where the road and the related sediment and erosion control
practices have been installed provides no evidence that any runoff from the limited grading and
construction activity has entered into the South Toe River. Also, because of the alignment and
slope of this road location the pre- existing drainage patterns are maintained.
2.2.3 Pump Station and Force Main
A wastewater pump station is proposed to be located near the intersection of Wyatt Town Road
and US Highway 19E, behind the Silver Bullet gas station and convenience store (which is
currently closed) inside an existing parking lot. The station will pump wastewater through an 8-
inch ductile iron force main northward along the west shoulder of Wyatt Town Road and then
along the proposed access road to the wastewater treatment plant site. During informal
consultation, the originally proposed pump station was relocated to remove it from a previously
unidentified wetland area.
A total of two (2) stream crossings have been identified along the force main route; one under an
unnamed tributary to Little Crabtree Creek, and one under an unnamed tributary to the South Toe
River. The force main will also cross under the three (3) culverts replaced as part of the access
road construction.
The pump station site and force main route has an approved sedimentation and erosion control
plan issued by the Division of Land Resources that incorporates BMP's from the State Erosion
Control Manual. Implementation of this plan will effectively eliminate the migration of any
sediment from the site during construction activities.
2.2.4 Gravity Collection System
Feeding the proposed pump station is a collection system composed of approximately 34,000
linear feet of 8 and 12 -inch gravity sewer line. Approximately 22,000 linear feet of 12 -inch
interceptor is located generally parallel to Little Crabtree Creek from the proposed pump station
Page 17 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

site westward nearly to the Town of Burnsville town limits. Additionally, approximately 12,000
linear feet of 8 -inch interceptor generally parallels Ayles Creek and Highway 80 southward from
Micaville to the Hickory Springs Manufacturing facility.
The selected collection system design cross - section consists of a 15 -foot wide permanent
easement and a 10 -foot wide temporary construction easement along all segments of the
proposed collection system (a total of a 25 -feet wide easement during construction). In areas
where the alignment is parallel with any waterways, the temporary construction easement is
placed away from the waterway opposite of the trenching activities occurring during the
placement of the line. This prevents runoff from the excavated material from being able to reach
the waterways. In all cases, "super silt fence" is placed at the edge of the right of way between
the construction activities and any down gradient waterways. All areas of the collection system
route are proposed to be restored to natural conditions.
Due to the existing topography along the collection system route, a substantial portion of the
project is located within the state established 25 -foot trout buffer along waters designated as trout
waters by the Division of Water Resources (DWR). All waters located within the project
boundary are designated as trout waters. A trout buffer waiver was applied for and issued for
this work, which included the addition of advanced erosion control measures, such as the "super
silt fence" detail, providing special silt fence overflows on a 300 -foot spacing along the super silt
fence, and the use of a special polymer injection system with silt bags in areas where the trenches
have to be dewatered and pumped down during the installation of the pipeline.
2.3 AREAS OF INDIRECT IMPACTS
The Action Area of Indirect Impacts is defined to generally include the entire area within the
EYWSD service area boundary adjacent to the proposed improvements. This area defines the
extent of potential sewer collection system expansions into the District. A map showing the
relationship of the District boundary relative to the surrounding area is include as Figure 2 -4.
Page 18 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Insert Figure 2 -4
Proposed EYWSD Boundary and Treatment Plant Location Relative to the South Toe
River/North Toe River HUC
Page 19 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
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Page 19 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

3.0 LISTED SPECIES AND CRITICAL HABITAT
The Service has indicated that the proposed project will occur within the range of and potentially
impact the federally- endangered Appalachian elktoe mussel and its designated critical habitat.
A detailed description of characteristics and habitat requirements for the Appalachian elktoe is
provided in this section. Information was primarily obtained from the USFWS website at the
following address: http: / /www.fws.gov /asheville/ htmis / listedspecies /Appalachian_elktoe.html.
3.1 APPALACHIAN ELKTOE (ALASMIDONTA RA VENELIANA)
Status: Endangered
Family: Uniondae
Listed: September 3, 1992
3.1.1 Characteristics
The Appalachian elktoe has a thin, kidney- shaped shell, extending to about 10 centimeters (4
inches). Juveniles generally have a yellowish -brown periostracum (outer shell surface), while
the periostracum of the adults is usually dark brown to greenish -black in color. Although rays
are prominent on some shells, particularly in the posterior portion of the shell, many individuals
have only obscure greenish rays. The shell nacre (inside shell surface) is shiny, often white to
bluish - white, changing to a salmon, pinkish, or brownish color in the central and beak cavity
portions of the shell; some specimens may be marked with irregular brownish blotches.
The reproductive cycle of the species is similar to other native mussels. Males release sperm
into the water, and the eggs are fertilized when the sperm are taken in by the females through
their siphons during feeding and respiration. Females retain the fertilized eggs in their gills until
the larvae (glochidia) fully develop. The glochidia are released into the water and must attach to
the gills or fins of the appropriate fish species. They remain attached to their "fish host" for
several weeks, drawing nourishment from the fish while they develop into juvenile mussels.
They do not hurt their "fish host." The juvenile mussels then detach from the fish host and drop
to the bottom of the stream where they continue to develop, provided they land in a suitable
place with good water conditions. This dependence on certain species of fish increases the
mussels' vulnerability to habitat disturbances. If the fish host is driven off or eliminated because
of habitat or water quality problems, the mussels can't reproduce and will eventually die out.
The banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) was identified as a host species for glochidia of the
Appalachian elktoe at the time the elktoe was listed, and the mottled sculpin (c. bairdi) was
identified as a host species soon after the listing (Service 2002). Dr. Jim Layzer (Tennessee
Technological University, unpublished data) has recently identified eight additional species of
fish that successfully transformed glochidia of the Appalachian elktoe into juveniles under
laboratory condition. These eight species include the wounded darter (Etheostoma vulneratum),
greenfin darter (E. chlorobranchium), greenside darter (E. blenniodes), river chub (Nocomis
micropogon), northern hogsucker (Hypentilum nigracans), central stoneroller (Campostoma
anomalum), longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae), and rosyside dace (Clinostomus
Page 20 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

funduloides). The life span and many other aspects of the Appalachian elktoe's life history are
currently unknown.
3.1.2 Habitat
The species has been reported from relatively shallow, medium -sized creeks and rivers with
cool, clean, well- oxygenated, moderate- to fast - flowing water. The species is most often found
in riffles, runs, and shallow flowing pools with stable, relatively silt -free, coarse sand and gravel
substrate associated with cobble, boulders, and/or bedrock. Stability of the substrate appears to
be critical to the Appalachian elktoe, and the species is seldom found in stream reaches with
accumulations of silt or shifting sand, gravel, or cobble. Individuals that have been encountered
in these areas are believed to have been scoured out of upstream areas during periods of heavy
rain, and have not been found on subsequent surveys.
The following constituent elements are part of the critical habitat designation and are essential to
the conservation of the Appalachian elktoe:
1. Permanent, flowing, cool, clean water;
2. Geomorphically stable stream channels and banks;
3. Pool, riffle, and run sequences within the channel;
4. Stable sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder or bedrock substrates with no more than
low amounts of fine sediment;
5. Moderate to high stream gradient;
6. Periodic natural flooding; and
7. Fish hosts, with adequate living, foraging, and spawning areas for them.
3.1.3 Range
The Appalachian elktoe is known only from the mountain streams of western North Carolina and
eastern Tennessee. Although the complete historical range of the Appalachian elktoe is
unknown, available information suggests that the species once lived in the majority of the rivers
and larger creeks of the upper Tennessee River system in North Carolina. In Tennessee, the
species is known only from its present range in the main stem of the Nolichucky River. The
areas designated as critical habitat for the Appalachian elktoe total 144.3 miles of various
segments of rivers in North Carolina and one river in Tennessee.
Currently, the Appalachian elktoe has a very fragmented, relict distribution. The species still
survives in scattered pockets of suitable habitat in portions of the Little Tennessee River system,
Pigeon River system, Mills River, and Little River in North Carolina, and the Nolichucky River
system in North Carolina and Tennessee. In the Little Tennessee River system in North
Carolina, populations survive in the reach of the main stem of the Little Tennessee River,
between the Town of Franklin and Fontana Reservoir, in Swain and Macon Counties; and in
scattered reaches of the main stem of the Tuckaseigee River in Jackson and Swain Counties,
from below the town of Cullowhee downstream to Bryson City. The species also occurs in the
Cheoah River, from the Santeetlah Dam, downstream to its confluence with the Little Tennessee
River in Graham County.
Page 21 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

In the Pigeon River system in North Carolina, a small population of the Appalachian elktoe
occurs in small scattered sites in the West Fork Pigeon River and in the main stem of the Pigeon
River, above Canton, in Haywood County. The species has been recorded from the Mills River
(upper French Broad River system) in Henderson County; and the Little River (upper French
Broad River system) population of the species in Transylvania County, North Carolina, is
restricted to small scattered pockets of suitable habitat downstream of Cascade Lake.
In the Nolichucky River system, the Appalachian elktoe survives in a few scattered areas of
suitable habitat in the Toe River, Yancey and Mitchell Counties, North Carolina; Cane River,
Yancey County, North Carolina; and the main stem of the Nolichucky River, Yancey and
Mitchell Counties, North Carolina, extending downstream to the vicinity of Erwin in Unicoi
County, Tennessee. It has also been found in the North Toe River, Yancey and Mitchell
Counties, North Carolina, below the confluence of Crabtree Creek, and in the South Toe River,
Yancey County, North Carolina. The majority of the surviving occurrences of the Appalachian
elktoe appear to be small to extremely small and restricted to scattered pockets of suitable
habitat.
During August and September of 2004, significant flooding from Hurricanes Frances and Ivan
occurred in the Nolichucky River drainage. The NCWRC surveyed sites in the Nolichucky River
drainage for federally listed and state - listed mussels after the hurricanes and compared the results
to survey results prior to the hurricanes. As stated previously, based on the results in 2000 and
2003, prior to the 2004 floods, Appalachian elktoe populations in the Nolichucky basin were
found to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. The 2004 flooding resulted in
stream -bank erosion and stream - channel scour in several areas in the upper Nolichucky River
system, significantly reducing the species' numbers and distribution at several sites throughout
this river system (Fraley and Simmons 2006). Fraley and Simmons (2006) reported decreases in
numbers of the Appalachian elktoe at nearly all of the sites they surveyed. They also reported
that they failed to detect the Appalachian elktoe in the Cane and South Toe Rivers at sites that
represented the upstream limit of their distribution prior to the flooding; however, they noted that
only a single individual had been found at each of these sites during previous surveys and these
individuals may have been lost or may have not been detected during surveys after the flooding.
Currently, the Nolichucky population appears to be a relatively large (at least in terms of spatial
distribution) metapopulation that is more or less contiguous, with at least the opportunity for
some level of gene flow throughout the basin (Fraley and Simmons 2006).
Extirpated Sites
Historically, the Appalachian elktoe has been recorded from Tulula Creek (Tennessee River
drainage), the main stem of the French Broad River at Asheville, and the Swannanoa River
(French Broad River system) (Clarke 1981), but it has apparently been eliminated (except from a
small section of the main stem of the French Broad River at the confluence of the Little River)
from these streams (Service 1994, 1996). There is also a historical record of the Appalachian
elktoe from the North Fork Holston River in Tennessee (S. S. Haldeman collection); however,
this record is believed to represent a mislabeled locality (Gordon 1991). If the historical record
for the species in the North Fork Holston River is accurate, the species has apparently been
eliminated from this river as well.
Page 22 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

3.1.4 Threats To The Species
Available information indicates that several factors adversely affect water and habitat quality of
our creeks and rivers and have contributed to the decline and loss of populations of the
Appalachian elktoe and threaten the remaining populations. These factors include pollutants in
wastewater discharges (sewage treatment plants and industrial discharges); habitat loss and
alteration associated with impoundments, channelization, and dredging operations; and the run-
off of silt, fertilizers, pesticides, and other pollutants from poorly implemented land -use
activities.
Freshwater mussels, especially in their early life stages, are extremely sensitive to many
pollutants (chlorine, ammonia, heavy metals, high concentrations of nutrients, etc.) commonly
found in municipal and industrial wastewater effluents. Activities such as impoundments,
channelization projects, and in- stream dredging operations eliminate mussel habitat. These
activities can also alter the quality and stability of the remaining stream reaches by affecting the
flow regimes, water velocities, and water temperature and chemistry.
Agriculture (both crop and livestock) and forestry operations, mining activities, highway and
road construction, residential and industrial developments, and other construction and land -
clearing activities that do not adequately control soil erosion and stormwater run -off contribute
excessive amounts of silt, pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals, and other pollutants. These
pollutants suffocate and poison freshwater mussels.
The run -off of stormwater from cleared areas, roads, rooftops, parking lots, and other developed
areas, which is often ditched or piped directly into streams, not only results in stream pollution
but also results in increased water volume and velocity during heavy rains. The high volume and
velocity cause channel and stream -bank scouring that leads to the degradation and elimination of
mussel habitat. Construction and land - clearing operations are particularly detrimental when they
result in the alteration of flood plains or the removal of forested stream buffers that ordinarily
would help maintain water quality and the stability of stream banks and channels by absorbing,
filtering, and slowly releasing rainwater. When storm water run -off increases from land - clearing
activities, less water is absorbed to recharge ground water levels. Therefore, flows during dry
months can decrease and adversely affect mussels and other aquatic organisms.
The introduction of exotic species such as the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) and zebra
mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has also been shown to pose significant threats to native
freshwater mussels. The Asiatic clam is now established in most of the major river systems in
the United States (Fuller and Powell 1973), including the Nolichucky Basin, where it is abundant
in some areas (Tim Savidge, TCG personal observations). Concern has been raised over
competitive interactions for space, food, and oxygen between this species and native mussels,
possibly at the juvenile stages (Neves and. Widlak 1987, Alderman, 1997). When the
Appalachian elktoe was listed it was speculated, that due to its restricted distribution, it "may not
be able to withstand vigorous competition" (USFWS 1996).
Page 23 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

The zebra mussel, native to the Black, Caspian and Aral Seas, is an exotic freshwater mussel that
was introduced into the Great Lakes in the 1980s. Since its introduction, this species has rapidly
expanded its range into the surrounding river basins, including those of the South Atlantic slope
(O'Neill and MacNeill 1991). This species competes for food resources and space with native
mussels and is expected to contribute to the extinction of at least 20 freshwater mussel species if
it becomes established throughout most of the eastern United States ( USFWS 1996). The zebra
mussel is not currently known from any river supporting Appalachian elktoe populations.
Another exotic species that has the potential to adversely impact aquatic species, including the
Appalachian elktoe, is Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica). The plant is considered to be an
invasive species that can reproduce from its seed or from its long stout rhizomes. It can tolerate
a variety of conditions such as full shade, high temperatures, high salinity, and drought. It can be
spread by wind, water, and soil movement to an area where it quickly forms dense thickets that
excludes native vegetation and greatly alters the natural ecosystem. This species has become
established in riparian habitats throughout western North Carolina, including sections along the
Cane, South Toe and North Toe Rivers (Tim Savidge, TCG personal observations). The species
has a very shallow root system, and because of this shallow root system, and its preclusion of
other vegetation, areas where this species has been established may be susceptible to erosion
during flood events. Several areas where dense mats had been established were severely scoured
during the flood events of 2004 discussed earlier. Although not measured, the severity of scour
in these areas appeared to be comparatively greater than in areas that had established native
vegetation (Marella Buncick, USFWS personal communication).
Although it appears that many of the previous threats to the Nolichucky River population of the
Appalachian elktoe have lessened in recent years as a result of improving land use practices and
subsequent water quality improvement, numerous potential threats to this population still exist.
A summary of these threats are provided in Table 3 -1 on the following page.
Page 24 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Table 3 -1 Threats to Appalachian elktoe in Nolichucky River.
Threat /Concern
Specific Problems
Potential Sources
Fecal coliform
Ammonia
Wastewater treatment facilities
Nitrate/Nitrite
Agricultural runoff
Water Quality
Chlorine
Golf course runoff
Degradation
Phosphorus
Lawn care chemicals
Dissolved oxygen
Urban runoff
Copper
Fertilizer applications
Pesticides
Isolated spills
Toxic plumes
Changes in stream flow
Sediment
Increased stormwater runoff
Total suspended solids
Construction
Habitat
Riparian buffer loss
Land development
Degradation
Stream scour
Recreational use (ATV)
Stream/bank instability
Poor land management practices
Habitat fill /disturbance
In- stream construction (bridges,
stream relocation, etc.)
Increased stormwater volume /velocity
Water Quantity
Mussel dislodgement
Reduced infiltration and ground water
Degradation
Drought mortality
recharge
Increased impervious cover
Uncertain, but likely competition for food
Invasive Species
and space resources (Asian Clam)
Asian clam
Instability of riparian habitats (Japanese
Japanese knotweed
knotweed)
Many of these threats are magnified by, or are the result of, urbanization of the watershed.
Although portions of this watershed are expected to develop in the future, primarily in areas of
sewer and water services, the overall slow anticipated growth rate in this area may allow for
conservation of this species and its Critical Habitat.
Page 25 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS
4.1 WATERSHEDS AFFECTED BY PROPOSED ACTION
This section of the BA provides additional detail on the watershed that the proposed action is
located within. The proposed WWTP and collection system is located entirely within the South
Toe River — North Toe River Hydrologic Unit (0601010802), which is a subbasin of the
Nolichucky Hydrologic Unit (06010108) within the French Broad River Basin (060101).
The proposed WWTP is located at South Toe River Mile 5, and the proposed collection system
generally follows the Little Crabtree Creek watershed above its confluence with the South Toe
River and Ayles Creek above its confluence with Little Crabtree Creek.
4.2 SOUTH TOE RIVER — NORTH TOE RIVER HYDROLOGIC UNIT (0601010802)
4.2.1 General Description
The South Toe River — North Toe River Hydrologic Unit (0601010802), includes the South Toe
(ST), North Toe (NT), and Nolichucky Rivers and their tributaries, and is 142.7 square miles in
size. The headwaters of the South Toe River arise in Mt. Mitchell State Park in Yancey County
and the river forms at the confluence of the Right and Left Prongs of the South Toe River (ST
river mile (RM) 32). The river generally flows north through Hamrick (ST RM 22) and Newdale
(ST RM 6) until the confluence with the North Toe River (NT RM 22 /ST RM 0).
The North Toe River originates in central Avery County approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers)
northeast of Newland. From Newland the river flows west for approximately 4 miles (6
kilometers) to Minneapolis (NT RM 64). The river generally flows in a southwest direction from
Minneapolis through the city of Spruce Pine in Mitchell County (NT RM 32) until the
confluence with the South Toe River (NT RM 22 /ST RM 0; near Kona in Mitchell/Yancey
County) to form the Toe River. The Toe River (North Toe River) continues to flow northwest
along the Mitchell/Yancey County border through Toecane (NT RM 14) and Relief (NT RM 4)
until the confluence with the Cane River near Huntdale, where it forms the Nolichucky River
(NTRM 0 /Cane RM 0/Nolichucky RM 111). The Nolichucky River flows into Unicoi County
Tennessee at Nolichucky RM 101 and eventually into the French Broad River near White Pine,
Tennessee.
The majority of this hydrologic unit lies within the Southern Crystalline Ridges and Mountains
ecoregion although sections of the High Mountain Region are present in the southwestern
portion of the HUC. The dominant land use throughout the Nolichucky basin is forested at 84.0
percent with agricultural land being second at 7.8 percent. Much of the land area is also
protected due to its location within the Pisgah National Forest. Agricultural land is generally
located along the river corridors and is sparse in the northern portion of the watershed and more
intense near the Towns of Spruce Pine and Burnsville. Additionally, small urban communities
are scattered within this area of which Spruce Pine and Burnsville are the largest. Several large
active industrial mining facilities are present on the North Toe River as well.
Page 26 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

The overall Nolichucky River subbasin has the lowest overall population, and lowest population
density in the French Broad River basin. It is also growing at a slower pace than the rest of the
basin.
The land cover of the Nolichucky River Hydrologic Unit is detailed in the following Table 4 -1
Table 4 -1
Land Cover in the Nolichucky River Basin
Type
HUC 06010108
( Nolichucky Basin)
Year
2001
2006
Developed, Open Space
5.1
5.2
Developed, Low Intensity
0.4
0.4
Developed, Medium Intensity
0.1
0.1
Developed, High Intensity
0.0
0.0
Developed
5.6
5.7
Forest, Deciduous
78.3
78.9
Forest, Evergreen
3.2
3.2
Forest, Mixed
0.1
1.9
81.6
84.0
Cultivated Crops
0.2
0.1
Pasture / Hay
8.3
7.7
Agriculture
8.5
7.8
Grassland
1.0
1.1
Scrub /Shrub
1.2
1.1
Wooded Wetlands
0.1
0.1
Bare Earth/Transitional
0.1
0.1
Tutwiler, Michael and Clark, Paul. April 2011. French Broad River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan. NCDENR -DWQ, Raleigh, NC.
Table 4 -2
Land Cover in the South Toe River Watershed
Above South Toe RM 5
Type
Portion of HUC 0601010802
(Portion of South Toe River Basin)
Year
2001
2006
Developed (All Intensities)
5.6
5.7
Forest (All Types)
85.7
85.7
Agriculture (All Types)
5.9
5.8
Grassland
0.3
0.7
Scrub /Shrub
1.0
1.0
Wooded Wetlands
0.1
0.1
North Carolina Streamstats. (January 17, 2013). Retrieved from
http://streamstats.usjzs.gov/north carolina.html
Page 27 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

4.2.2 Best Usage Classification in the Nolichucky River Basin
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission (EMC) assigns a best usage
classification to all waters of North Carolina. These classifications provide a level of water
quality protection to ensure that the designated usage of that water body is maintained. The
minimum designation of Class C waters are defined as waters that are suitable for aquatic life
propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation and agriculture. Class C
imposes a minimum standard of protection for all waters of North Carolina. The Best Usage
classifications of the major tributaries of the South Toe River Basin above the location of the
proposed project are shown in Table 4 -3 (NCDENR -DWQ 2011).
Table 4 -3
Best Usage Classifications in the Nolichucky River Basin.
River
Location
Classification
Date
Index #
North Toe
From 0.2 miles upstream of
WS -IV; Tr
08 -01 -98
7-2(21.5)
Pyatt Creek to a point 0.5
miles of US Hwy 19E
North Toe
0.5 miles upstream of US
WS -IV; Tr,
11 -01 -95
7-2(27.3)
Hwy 19E to Town of
CA
S ruce Pine Intake
North Toe
From Spruce Pine intake to
C; Tr
08 -01 -02
7-2(27.7)
Mitchell County SR 1187
Nolichucky
From source to NC /TN
B
08 -01 -02
7
State Line
South Toe
From source to US Hwy 19
B; Tr, ORW
05 -01 -87
7- 2- 52 -(1)
Left prong of South Toe
From source to South Toe
C; Tr, ORW
05 -01 -87
7- 2 -52 -3
Right prong of South Toe
From source to South Toe
B, Tr, ORW
05 -01 -87
7- 2 -52 -4
South Toe
From US Hwy 19E to N
C, Tr
07 -01 -73
7 -2 -52 (30.5)
Toe River
Cane
From source to 1.0 mile
WS -II; Tr,
08 -03 -92
7 -3 (0.5)
upstream of Burnsville
HQW
intake
Cane
From 1,0 mile upstream of
WS -II; Tr,
08 -03 -92
7-3(13.3)
Burnsville intake to
HQW, CA
Burnsville intake
Cane
From Burnsville intake to
C; Tr
07 -01 -73
7-3(13.7)
Nolichucky River
NC Waterbody Classifications:
• WS- II-- Waters used as sources for drinking, culinary, or food processing purposes for
those users desiring maximum protection for their water supply where a WS -I
classification is not feasible. WS -II waters are generally in predominantly undeveloped
watersheds.
• WS -IV -- Waters used as sources for drinking, culinary, or food processing purposes for
those users where a WS -I, II or III classification is not feasible. WS -IV waters are
generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds or Protected Areas.
Page 28 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

• Class B (B) -- Waters used for primary recreation and other uses suitable for Class C.
Primary recreational activities include swimming, skin diving, water skiing, and similar
uses involving human body contact with water where such activities take place in an
organized manner or on a frequent basis. There are no restrictions on watershed
development activities. Discharges must meet treatment reliability requirements such as
backup power supplies and dual train design.
• Class C (C) -- Waters protected for secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic
life propagation and survival, agriculture and other uses. Secondary recreation includes
wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where such
activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. There are no
restrictions on watershed development activities.
• Outstanding Water Resource (ORW) -- Supplemental classification intended to protect
unique and special waters having excellent water quality and being of exceptional state or
national ecological or recreational significance.
• High Quality Waters (HQW) -- Waters rated as excellent based on biological and
physical /chemical characteristics.
• Trout Waters (Tr) -- Supplemental classification intended to protect freshwaters for natural
trout propagation and survival of stocked trout. Affects wastewater discharges but there
are no watershed development restrictions except stream buffer zone requirements of the
NC Division of Land Resources.
• Critical Areas (CA) - Critical area means the area adjacent to a water supply intake or
reservoir where risk associated with pollution is greater than from the remaining portions
of the watershed. The critical area is defined as extending either 1/2 mile from the normal
pool elevation of the reservoir in which the intake is located or to the ridge line of the
watershed (whichever comes first); or 1/2 mile upstream from and draining to the intake
(or other appropriate downstream location associated with the water supply) located
directly in the stream or river (run -of -the- river), or to the ridge line of the watershed
(whichever comes first).
4.2.3 Bioclassification Results in the Nolichucky River Basin (NCDENR -DWQ 2011)
Water quality monitoring programs have been implemented by the DWQ to assess water quality
trends in North Carolina Waters. One method used is the monitoring of benthic
macroinvertebrates, or benthos, to assess water quality by sampling for selected organisms. The
species richness and overall biomass, as well as the presence of various groups intolerant of
water quality degradation, are reflections of water quality. A biodiversity rating is given to a
water body sampled, based on the taxa richness of the stream and a qualitative sampling for
intolerant forms such as mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies
(Trichoptera), collectively referred to as EPT. Stream biodiversity can be rated as Excellent,
Good, Good -Fair, Fair and Poor. Excellent and Good ratings indicate that the best usage
classification for that stream is being supported (S). A rating of Good -Fair indicates that the
usage is supported, but is threatened (ST). A Fair rating relates to a partial support (PS) of the
best usage, and a Poor rating indicates that the best usage classification for that stream is not
being supported (NS).
Page 29 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Benthic macroinvertebrate samples have been collected at 36 sites in HUC 06010108 (25 in
subbasin 06, 11 in subbasin 07) since 1983. Eight sites were sampled in 2007 and one in 2006 as
part of the basin assessment program and rated Good or Excellent (Table 4 -4). Although no
serious habitat or physical - chemical problems, independent of exceptional drought, were
prevalent throughout the basin, lack riparian vegetation was the most common deficiency shared
by the majority of streams sampled. No streams in this HUC are listed on the NC impaired
streams 303(d) list.
The Nolichucky River has consistently received a Good bioclassification since 1986. Small scale
fluctuations in community composition and overall tolerance over the last 15 years have been
documented but otherwise water quality remains stable.
Water quality in the North Toe River has remained relatively stable with a Good rating since
basinwide monitoring began, with the exception of the sampling site at SR 1162 in Mitchell
County. The latter site has historically varied between Fair (6 ratings) and Good (3 ratings). The
most recent Fair rating, received during the last basinwide assessment, was attributed to a
petroleum spill into the river a short time before sampling. The site returned to Good in 2007.
This site is also downstream of five major NPDES dischargers and the Town of Spruce Pine
which likely contribute to the variable ratings not seen at the other benthic stations on the North
Toe River.
The South Toe River, classified as ORW, maintained its Excellent rating since it received a
Good rating in 1983. Additionally, the secondary tributaries to the Nolichucky, Big Mountain
Creek and Big Rock Creek, retained their Excellent bioclassifications indicating stable
conditions within their catchments.
Benthic samples have been collected in the Cane River and its tributary Bald Mountain Creek
since 1992. The Cane River has remained Excellent since 1992. Bald Mountain Creek has shown
improvements in water quality as indicated by the bioclassification increase from Good -Fair
(1992) to Good (1997) to Excellent (2002- 2007).
Fish community samples were collected at seven streams (Table 4 -4) within the Nolichucky
watershed.
The North Toe River has maintained a Good -Fair rating since it was last sampled in 1997 though
fewer fish species were collected in 2007. The moderately rich community was dominated by
mottled sculpin and the river supported populations of both large wild and hatchery supported
trout.
A regional reference site, Big Crabtree Creek has retained its Excellent bioclassification for over
10 years. Also, a hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), a species of special concern in NC,
was noted in this stream.
Cane Creek and Big Rock Creek, both tributaries to North Toe River, received a Fair and Good
Page 30 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

bioclassification, respectively. These ratings and the respective biotic indices have remained the
same for each stream since they were last sampled (1997 for Cane Creek, 1998 for Big Rock
Creek) indicating stable water conditions.
The rating for Pigeonroost Creek fell from the Excellent received in 2002, to Good for 2007. The
Good rating for 2007, however, is borderline in that it may have scored an Excellent rating had
one more intolerant fish species been collected.
Big Creek, a Cane River tributary, rated Good and Hollow Poplar Creek, a tributary to the
Nolichucky River, received a Not Rated bioclassification. While Hollow Poplar Creek was Not
Rated, the water quality is typical of a high elevation, high gradient trout stream. Both streams
were sampled for the first time in 2007.
There was one fish kill reported between 2002 and 2007 in this HUC. The kill occurred on White
Oak Creek, near Bakersfield, on May 1, 2007. This die -off is most likely attributed to pesticide
use within the catchment.
Figure 4 -1
Benthic and Fish Sampling Sites in HUC 06010108 in the Nolichucky River Basin.
AIMIM
Page 31 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Table 4 -4
Waterbodies Monitored in HUC 06010108 in the French Broad River Basin for Basinwide
Assessment, 2002 and 2007.
Map #1
Waterbody
County
Location
2002
2007
B -1
Nolichucky R
Mitchell
SR 1321
Good
Good
B -2
North Toe R
Avery
US 19E
Good
Good
B -3
North Toe R
Mitchell
SR 1162
Fair
Good (2006)
B -4
North Toe R
Yancey
SR 1314
Good
Good
B -5
Big Crabtree
Cr
Mitchell
US 19E
Excellent
Excellent
B -6
South Toe R
Yancey
SR 1167
Excellent
Excellent
B -7
Big Rock Cr
Mitchell
NC 197
Excellent
Excellent
B -8
Cane R
Yancey
US 19W
Excellent
Excellent
B -9
Bald Mountain
Cr
Yancey
SR 1408
Excellent
Excellent
F -1
N Toe R
Avery
SR 1121
- --
Good -Fair
F -2
Big Crabtree
Cr
Mitchell
SR 1002
- --
Excellent
F -3
Cane Cr
Mitchell
SR 1211
- --
Fair
F -4
Big Rock Cr
Mitchell
NC 226
- --
Good
F -5
Pigeonroost Cr
Mitchell
SR 1349/NC
197
Excellent
Good
F -6
Big Cr
Yancey
SR 1444
- --
Good
F -7
Hollow Poplar
Cr
Mitchell
NC 197
- --
Not Rated
'B = benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring sites; F = fish community monitoring sites.
4.2.4 Impared Subwatersheds in the South Toe River — North Toe River Hydrologic Unit
(0601010802)
The following subwatersheds of the South Toe River — North Toe River Hydrologic Unit are
listed as Impared in the 2011 French Broad River Basinwide Water Quality Plan:
Upper and Lower South Toe River Subwatersheds (060101080201 and 060101080203)
The South Toe River [AU # 7- 2- 52 -(1)] is currently Impaired due to low pH at AMS site
E8200000. Over 90 percent of the area draining to the sampling site is in conservation.
Normally, pH in French Broad River Basin should be 6 -9 s.u. The cause of low pH is not yet
determined. The pH meter was replaced in April 2010 and samplers received additional training.
It is still too early to determine if low pH values were result of sampling errors or some other
cause. Acidic atmospheric deposition has been shown to be greatest in the southern Appalachian
Mountains in areas with the highest elevations, thus atmospheric deposition could contribute to
low pH. A TMDL is currently being developed by the TDEC for low pH in the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park resulting mainly from acidic atmospheric deposition. This TMDL may
reduce atmospheric deposition in North Carolina by reducing the amount of atmospheric
pollution from Tennessee. It is uncertain whether the low pH in the South Toe River is the result
Page 32 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

of atmospheric acid deposition or some other source. Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling site
EB294 at this same location rated Excellent in 2007.
Cane Creek Subwatershed (060101080204)
Cane Creek [AU # 7 -2 -59] is Impaired for biological integrity due to a Fair rating at fish
community sampling site EF14. In May 2007, a fish kill of approximately 250 fish occurred in
Whiteoak Creek [AU # 7- 2- 59 -9], near Bakersville. After sampling, DWQ determined that a DO
sag related to heavy rainfall likely caused this fish kill.
The Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) currently has two projects in the Cane Creek
watershed: the Dog Bite Creek Project and Elk Branch Project. The Dog Bite Creek Project
consists of stream enhancement of 1,156 linear feet and stream restoration of 2,580 linear feet.
The Elk Branch Project consists of the preservation of 950 linear feet and restoration of 2,458
linear feet of Elk Branch.
Pigpen Creek - North Toe River Subwatershed (060101080205)
The EEP has initiated a project to restore 5,257 linear feet of Sink Hole Creek and three
unnamed tributaries to Sink Hole Creek. Also included as part of the project is the preservation
of 1,076 linear feet on an unnamed tributary to Sink Hole Creek.
4.2.5 Point Source Permit Holders in the Nolichucky Basin
Point source pollution is defined as pollutants that enter surface waters through a pipe, ditch or
other well - defined conveyance. These include municipal (city and county) and industrial
wastewater treatment facilities; small domestic discharging treatment systems (schools,
commercial offices, subdivisions and individual residents); and stormwater systems from large
urban areas and industrial sites. The primary substances and compounds associated with point
source discharge include: nutrients, oxygen demanding wastes, and toxic substances such as
chlorine, ammonia and metals.
Under Section 301 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (CWA) discharge of pollutants into surface
waters' is prohibited without a permit by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Section
402 of the CWA establishes the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ( NPDES)
permitting program, which delegates permitting authority to qualifying states. In North Carolina,
the DWQ of the DENR is responsible for permitting and enforcement of the NPDES program.
The following facilities have been issued discharge permits for the Nolichucky River watershed
in North Carolina (Table 4 -5) (NCDENR NPDES Wastewater Permitting & Compliance
Program. (June 13, 2013). Retrieved from: http: / /portal.ncdenr.org /web /wq /swp /ps /npdes ). .
Table 4 -5 - NPDES Permitted Dischargers in Nolichucky River Basin.
Permit #
Facility
County
Type
(mFl w
Waterbody
NC0082767
Spruce Pine WTP
Mitchell
Minor
none
Beaver Creek
NC0025461
Bakersville WWTP
Mitchell
Minor
0.075
Cane Creek
NC0023566
I Micaville Loop, LLC
I Yancey
Minor
1 0.010
1 Little Crabtree Creek
NC0073695
I Silver Bullet, Inc.
I Yancey
I Minor
1 0.0015
1 Little Crabtree Creek
Page 33 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

NC0000175
Unimin Corp. /Quartz
Mitchell
Major
3.6
N. Toe River
NC0000353
Feldspar Corp. /Spruce Pine
Mitchell
Major
3.5
N. Toe River
NC0000361
Unimin Corp. /Schoolhouse
Quartz
Avery
Major
2.16
N. Toe River
NC0000400
K -T Feldspar Corp.
Mitchell
Major
1.73
N. Toe River
NCO021423
Spruce Pine WWTP
Mitchell
Major
2.00
N. Toe River
NCO021857
Newland WWTP
Avery
Minor
0.32
N. Toe River
NCO084620
Unimin Corp. Crystal
Operation
Mitchell
Minor
0.36
N. Toe River
NCO085839
Unimin Corp -Red Hill Quartz
Mitchell
Minor
0.682
N. Toe River
NCO066729
Mitchell Co School Board —
Ti ton Hill Elementary
Mitchell
Minor
0.005
Raccoon Creek
NCO027685
DOC -Avery Correctional
Center
Avery
Minor
0.0206
Three Mile Creek
NCO075965
Burnsville WTP
Yancey
Minor
none
UT Little Crabtree Creek
NCO033685
Avery Development Corp. —
Mountain Glenn GC
Avery
Minor
0.006
Whiteoak Creek
NCO020290
Burnsville WWTP
Yancey
Minor
0.800
Cane River
NCO087891
EYWSD -South Toe River
WWTP
Yancey
Minor
0.125
South Toe River
* Million gallons per day
NCDENR NPDES Wastewater Permitting & Compliance Program. (June 13, 2013). Retrieved
from: http: / /portal.ncdenr.or_ web /wq /swp /ps /npdes
4.2.6 Non -Point Source Pollution
Non -point source (NPS) pollution refers to runoff that enters surface waters through storm water
or snowmelt. There are many types of land use activities which contribute to non -point source
pollution, including land development, construction activity, animal waste disposal, mining,
agriculture and forestry operations, as well as impervious surfaces such as roadways and parking
lots. The effects of NPS pollution, particularly from mining and agricultural practices, on water
quality in the Nolichucky River Basin, were discussed above. Various NPS management
programs have been developed by a number of agencies to control specific types of NPS
pollution (e.g. forestry, pesticide, urban and construction related pollution etc.). Each of these
management plans develops BMPs to control the specific type of non -point source pollution.
The Sedimentation and Erosion Control Program (SECP), established and authorized under the
Sedimentation Pollution Control Act of 1973, applies to construction activities, such as those
activates associated with the construction of this project. This act delegates the responsibility of
administration and enforcement to the Division of Land Resources (DLR) (Land Quality
Section) of DENR (recently changed to the Division of Energy, Minerals, and Land Resources
( DEMLR). The SECP requires the submission and approval of erosion control plans on all
projects disturbing one or more acres prior to construction. On -site inspections during
construction by DEMLR are conducted to determine compliance with the plan and to evaluate
the effectiveness of the BMPs being used. The EYWSD has developed a sedimentation control
plan for this project, which has been approved by the DEMLR.
Page 34 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

4.2.7 Ecological Significance
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) maintains a database of rare plant and
animal species, as well as significant natural areas, for the state of North Carolina. The NHP
compiles the DENR priority list of "Natural Heritage Areas" as required by the Nature Preserves
Act (NCGS 113A -164 of Article 9). Natural areas (sites) are inventoried and evaluated on the
basis of rare plant and animal species, rare or high quality natural communities, and geologic
features occurring in the particular site. These sites are rated with regard to national, state, and
regional significance. This list contains those areas which should be given priority for protection;
however, it does not imply that all of the areas currently receive protection (NCDENR 2005).
The North Toe River/Nolichucky River Aquatic Habitat is considered to be of "National
Significance ", and the Cane River Aquatic Habitat is considered to be of "Statewide
Significance ". In addition to the Appalachian elktoe, several other rare aquatic species have been
recorded in the Basin (Table 4 -6) (Steve Fraley, WRC, personal communication).
Table 4 -6 - Rare Aquatic Species in the Nolichucky River Basin in North Carolina.
Scientific Name
Common Name
NC Status
Federal Status*
Alasmidonta ravendiana
Appalachian elktoe
E
E
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Hellbender
SC
FSC
Etheostoma acuticeps
Sharphead darter
T
FSC
Etheostoma vulneratum
Wounded darter
SC
FSC
Lam silis asciola
Wavy-rayed lam mussel
E
Noturus flavus
Stonecat
E
Percina burtoni
Blotchside logperch
E
FSC
Percina squamata
Olive darter
SC
FSC
E Endangered.
FSC Federal Species of Concern.
T Threatened.
SC Special Concern.
Does Not Carry a Federal Status
Page 35 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

5.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF PROPOSED ACTION
The ESA requires that where a discretionary federal action may adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat, federal agencies must analyze the direct and indirect effects that actions will add
to the environmental baseline, together with the effects of future state or private actions
reasonably certain to occur in the Action Area (50 CFR 402.02, 402.03, 402.14).
Under the ESA "direct effects" result from an agency action and include the action's immediate
effects on a species or its habitat (50 CFR 402.02; USFWS and NMFS, 1998, p. 4 -25). The
ESA's regulations define "indirect effects" as those that are caused by the proposed action and
are later in time, but still are reasonably certain to occur (40 CFR 1508.8; 50 CFR 402.02). A
federal action's indirect effects may include the stimulation or inducement of growth or
development activities carried out by other persons or entities (National Wildlife Federation v.
Coleman, 529 F.2d 359; 5th Cir. Miss. 1976).
The ESA's implementing regulations also require a federal agency to analyze certain
environmental impacts caused by the actions of others, not by the agency's proposed action.
ESA regulations define these "cumulative effects" as including only the effects of future state or
private activities, not involving federal activities, that are reasonably certain to occur within the
Action Area of the federal action subject to consultation (40 CFR 402.02). The ESA's
regulations establish a separate category —the "environmental baseline" —for the past or present
impacts of all federal, state or private actions and other human activities in the Action Area, the
anticipated impacts of all proposed federal projects in the Action Area that have already
undergone Section 7 consultation, and the impact of state or private actions which are
contemporaneous with the consultation in process (50 CFR 402.02).
The impacts of future private, local, or state development are properly analyzed as cumulative
effects if there is no causal relationship between the development and the federal action under
consideration (see 40 CFR 1508.7; 50 CFR 402.02). If a causal relationship exists between a
federal action and future private, local, or state development, the development's environmental
impacts should be discussed as an indirect effect of the underlying federal action (see 40 CFR
1508.8; 50 CFR 402.02; National Wildlife Federation v. Coleman, above; and USFWS and
NMFS, 1998, p. 4 -28). Where future private, local, or state development is subject to federal
discretion, it is not analyzed as part of an ongoing Section 7 consultation, because it will be
addressed in a separate future Section 7 consultation (see 50 CFR 402.02 and USFWS and
NMFS [1998], pp. 4-25,4-28,4-30).
5.1 DIRECT IMPACTS
Direct impacts refer to consequences that can be directly attributed to the project. Direct impacts
associated with any type of construction include, but are not limited to, land clearing, loss of
habitat, stream re- channelization, hydrologic modification, and erosion. Potential direct impacts
to aquatic species, especially freshwater mussels, associated with construction projects include:
siltation, substrate disturbance, alteration of flows, and introduction of toxic compounds.
Page 36 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

The highest potential for direct impacts to the Appalachian elktoe will occur during the
construction at the outfall location, along the proposed access road and force main alignment,
and at the treatment plant site itself. This portion of the proposed project is adjacent to or closest
to the South Toe River, which is both occupied by and designated Critical Habitat for the
species.
Direct impacts to the species and its designated critical habitat may also occur from construction
activities at the individual sewer collection system pipeline crossings of the upstream tributaries
to the South Toe River. The severity of potential impacts at these crossings decreases with
increasing distance from the receiving water body and decreasing size of the actual impact.
Conversely, multiple impact sites on the same water body increases the potential for downstream
impacts.
There are a total of thirty -two (32) individual stream impact sites identified, and two (2)
temporary impacts to identified wetlands. A total of six (6) of the stream impacts are less than
0.5 miles upstream of occupied habitat, and one (1) of those (the outfall itself) is located directly
within the Critical Habitat. The remaining twenty -eight (28) impacts range from 0.64 miles to
4.46 miles upstream from the designated critical habitat.
The location of all direct construction impacts and their respective distance to the occupied and
critical habitat of the South Toe River is shown in 5 -1, located on the following pages.
Page 37 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Table 5.1 - Impacts to the South Toe River and Its Tributaries
Page 38
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Plan Sheet
Station Number
Latitude
Longitude
Type of Impact *
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name **
Line Segment
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
UT to South
C17
Sta. 16 +58
Culvert
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
N 35.916360
W 82.211313
replacement &
70 feet
3
30
10
extension
UT to South
C18
Sta. 23 +56
Culvert
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
N 35.915891
W 82.211990
replacement
85 feet
3
20
0
UT to South
C18
Sta. 31 +22
Culvert
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
N 35.915127
W 82.213347
replacement &
20 feet
2
27
7
extension
UT to South
C19
Sta. 36 +00
N 35913907
W 82212901
Sub aqueous
50 feet
2
10
0
Toe River
(WWTP)
Force Main
..
pipeline crossing
UT Little
C20
Sta. 54 +50
Sub aqueous
0.35
Crabtree
(WWTP)
Force Main
N 35.910450
W 82.212693
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
6
UT Little
C2
Sta 79 +52
N 35
W 82.219105
Sub aqueous
0.79
3
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
.908030
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C3
Sta. 87 +40
N 35.908273
W 82.221303
Sub aqueous
0.97
20
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Sta. 87 +55 to
Underground
N/A
C3
Sta. 91 +50
N 35.908831
W 82.221869
wetland
N/A
960 Sq Ft
0
(Collection)
miles le
s
Line 1
crossing
UT Little
C4
Sta. 94 +40
Culvert
1.11
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
N 35909084
..
W 82223298
replacement
miles
2
18
0
UT Little
C4
Sta. 98 +25
N 35.909767
W 82.224285
Culvert Removal
1.19
2
18
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
miles
UT Little
C4
Sta. 106 +25
N 35.910130
W 82.226880
Ditch Stabilization
1.40
2
120
36
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
miles
UT Little
C6
Sta. 122 +25
N 35.910316
W 82.231636
Sub aqueous
1.67
2
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
C6
Sta 127 +46
Sub aqueous
1.77
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
N 35.910959
W 82.233282
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
0
Little Crabtree
C9
Sta 174 +77
N 35.915690
W 82.246872
Sub aqueous
2.67
22
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Page 38
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Page 39
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Station Number
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name **
Plan Sheet
Line Segment
Latitude
Longitude
Type of Impact *
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
Shoal Creek
C10
Sta 179 +47
N 35.915729
W 82.248543
Sub aqueous
2.77
12
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C10
Sta. 183 +72
N 35.915529
W 82.249806
Sub aqueous
2.84
20
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C10
Sta. 190 +05
N 35.916180
W 82.250911
Sub aqueous
2.92
24
10
0
(Collection)
Line 1
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Little
C 11
Sta. 204 +47
Sub aqueous
3.22
Crabtree
Collection
Line 1
..255097
N 35918231
W 82
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
0
UT Little
C12
Sta. 212 +40
Sub aqueous
3.38
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
N 35.918484
W 82.257718
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
0
UT Little
C14
Sta. 237 +83
Sub aqueous
3.85
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
N 35.915144
W 82.262973
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
0
UT Little
C15
Sta. 258 +32
Sub aqueous
4.25
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
N 35 .915105
W 82.269209
pipeline crossing
miles
2
10
0
UT Little
C16
Sta. 267 +45
N 35915976
W 82
Sub aqueous
4.43
8
10
0
Crabtree
(Collection)
Line 1
..272000
pipeline crossing
miles
Little Crabtree
C18
Sta. 10 +48
N 35.907864
W 82.216586
Sub aqueous
0.64
21
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 26 +00
N 35.904283
W 82.214910
Sub aqueous
0.87
17
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Ayles
C19
Sta. 33 +75
N 35.902877
W 82.213537
Culvert
1.00
2
20
0
(Collection)
Line 2
replacement
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 35 +85
N 35 .902265
W 82.213570
Aerial pipeline
1.05
30
8
8
(Collection)
Line 2
crossing
miles
Ayles
C19
Sta. 37 +15
N 35 .901982
W 82.213567
Aerial pipeline
1.07
20
8
8
(Collection)
Line 2
crossing
miles
Ayles
C20
Sta. 41 +00
N 35.900846
W 82.213831
Aerial pipeline
1.17
13
8
8
(Collection)
Line 2
crossing
miles
Sta. 55 +90 to
Underground
N/A
C21
Sta. 60 +74
N 35.897289
W 82.215618
wetland pipeline
n/a
4840 Sq Ft
0
(Collection)
miles
Line 2
crossing
UT Ayles
C21
Sta. 61 +20
N 35.896797
W 82.215828
Sub aqueous
1.59
5
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Page 39
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Page 40
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014
Distance
Average
Length of
Length of
Stream
Plan Sheet
Station Number
Latitude
Longitude
Type of Impact *
from
Stream
Temporary
Permanent
Name **
Line Segment
Critical
Width
Impact
Impact
Habitat
(feet)
(feet)
(feet)
Ayles
C24
Sta. 95 +60
N 35.888499
W 82.216667
Sub aqueous
2.18
21
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
UT Ayles
C24
Sta. 101 +50
N 35.886425
W 82.216820
Sub aqueous
2.35
6
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
Ayles
C25
Sta. 111 +00
N 35.884118
W 82.217926
Sub aqueous
2.55
18
10
0
(Collection)
Line 2
pipeline crossing
miles
South Toe
C2 & C11
WWTP Outfall
N 35
W 82. 207933
Effluent diffuser
0 feet
75
20
6
River
(WWTP)
Line
.917508
installation
Page 40
Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

5.1.1 Construction Activities
Activities necessary to construct the proposed project will result in direct effects to the Action
Area. These include effects related to construction activities for the proposed wastewater
treatment plant, and access road, the collection system, and pump station. The primary impacts
potentially occur during the excavation, grading and potential dewatering efforts during
installation of the proposed improvements, but can also occur during utilities installation,
concrete pouring, building construction, paving, and landscaping activities.
The proposed action will include the temporary disturbance of soils during grading and
excavating activities and potential construction dewatering activity. Grading and excavating
could result in erosion from disturbed soils and increase the sediment load in runoff potentially
entering the South Toe River and its tributaries.
The detrimental effects of siltation on freshwater mussels have been discussed earlier. Excessive
suspended solids in the water column, sedimentation and turbidity result in reduced biodiversity
as well as a decline in productivity at all trophic levels (Gilbert 1989). Because of the
topography and the erodible nature of the soils in the project area, all construction activities have
the potential to release sediment into receiving waters. Sedimentation coming from the project
area closest to the South Toe River including the outfall line, treatment plant site, access road,
and two crossings of unnamed tributaries by the proposed force main have the highest potential
to adversely impact habitat occupied by the Appalachian elktoe.
Site specific erosion control measures are required to comply with the rules implemented by the
DEMLR, and an erosion and sediment control plan has been approved by the DEMLR for this
project. Because of the implementation of BMPs, sedimentation and turbidity within the South
Toe River resulting from construction activities is expected to be minimal.
5.1.1.1 Wastewater Treatment Plant and Access Road
The primary potential direct impact from the construction of the treatment plant site is the
construction of the sewer outfall line into the South Toe River. A mussel survey and dye tracer
study was conducted along approximately 550 feet of the South Toe River in the vicinity of the
treatment plant site and outfall line on June 21, 2006, and an update to that survey was conducted
on February 17, 2011. The results of the studies were used to field locate the actual outfall
location during informal consultation with the Service as documented earlier. Due to this
intensive study early in the design process, installation of the outfall is anticipated to have a
minimal or potentially no impact.
All treatment facility improvements, with the exception of the outfall line, will be established at
least 50 feet away from the South Toe River. No other surface water features occur in proximity
to the treatment plant site and construction at the treatment plant site will not directly alter
aquatic habitats that may be utilized by listed species.
The access road consists of minimal grading activities and varies from 20 feet away at its
narrowest point to as much as 110 feet away from the South Toe River. The existing railroad
Page 41 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

grade was modified by removing the existing ties and rails, reshaping the ballasted subgrade, and
widening it from 6 -8 feet to approximately 15 feet wide. The access road corridor is limited to a
permanent width of 15 feet and a temporary construction width of 25 feet. Three existing
culverts transporting small unnamed tributaries to the South Toe have been replaced as a part of
the access road construction, and two of them extended by a total of 17 feet. While this does
result in a direct impact to these unnamed tributaries, the overall effect is anticipated to be
minimal. The new culvert pipes will be installed in the same location of the previously existing
pipes, and the small channels will be left as close to their original condition as possible. As
noted in previous sections describing this road, the modifications to the existing railroad grade
has resulted in some additional temporary disturbance, but general drainage characteristics
present prior to placement of the road have remained essentially as they were. Additionally,
there are planned stabilization efforts to the outfall from the first culvert located along the access
road. These improvements include the placing of boulders along the existing steep gradient to
create a plunge pool and substantially reduce the existing erosion at this point location.
5.1.1.2 Pump Station and Force Main
A wastewater pump station is proposed to be located near the intersection of Wyatt Town Road
and US Highway 19E, behind the Silver Bullet gas station and convenience store (which is
currently closed) inside in the location of existing gravel parking lot. The station will pump
wastewater through an 8 -inch ductile iron force main northward along the west shoulder of
Wyatt Town Road and then along the proposed access road to the wastewater treatment plant
site. During informal consultation in mid -2013, the originally proposed pump station was
relocated to remove it from a previously unidentified wetland area.
A total of two (2) stream crossings have been identified along the force main route; one under an
unnamed tributary to Little Crabtree Creek, and one under an unnamed tributary to the South Toe
River. Impacts at these small crossings are anticipated to be minimal, as the proposed lines will
be well below the natural stream bottom. The force main will also cross under the three (3)
culverts replaced as part of the access road construction.
5.1.1.3 Gravity Collection System
Feeding the proposed pump station is a collection system composed of approximately 34,000
linear feet of 8- and 12 -inch gravity sewer line. Approximately 22,000 linear feet of 12 -inch
interceptor is located generally parallel to Little Crabtree Creek from the proposed pump station
site westward nearly to the Town of Burnsville Town Limits. Additionally, approximately
12,000 linear feet of 8 -inch interceptor generally parallels Ayles Creek and Highway 80
southward from Micaville to the Hickory Springs manufacturing facility.
The selected collection system design cross - section consists of a 15 -foot wide permanent
easement and a 10 -foot wide temporary construction easement along all segments of the
proposed collection system (a total of a 25 -feet wide easement during construction). In areas
where the alignment is parallel with any waterways, the temporary construction easement is
placed away from the waterway opposite of the trenching activities occurring during the
placement of the line. This prevents runoff from the excavated material from being able to reach
Page 42 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

the waterways. In all cases, "super silt fence" is placed at the edge of the right of way between
the construction activities and any down gradient waterways. All areas of the collection system
route are proposed to be restored to natural, preconstruction conditions.
Due to the existing topography along the collection system route, a substantial portion of the
project is located within the state established 50 -foot trout buffer along waters designated as trout
waters by the DWQ. All waters located within the project boundary are designated as trout
waters. A trout buffer waiver was applied for and issued for this work, which included the
addition of advanced erosion control measures, such as the "super silt fence" detail, providing
special silt fence overflows on a 300 -foot spacing along the super silt fence, and the use of a
special polymer injection system with silt bags in areas where the trenches have to be dewatered
and pumped down during the installation of the pipeline.
5.1.2 Decreased Riparian Buffers
The role forested riparian buffers play in protecting aquatic habitats is well documented
( NCWRC 2002 and references therein). Riparian buffers provide many functions including
pollutant reduction and filtration, a primary source of carbon for the aquatic food web, stream
channel stability, and maintenance of water and air temperatures. Numerous studies have
recommended a range of buffer widths needed to maintain these functions. These recommended
widths vary greatly depending on the parameter or function that was evaluated. Wide contiguous
buffers of 100 -300 feet (30 -91 meters) are recommended to adequately perform all functions
( NCWRC 2002 and references therein). The NCWRC recommends a 200 foot (61 meter) native,
forested buffer on perennial streams and a 100 foot (30 meter) forested buffer on intermittent
streams in watersheds that support federally endangered and threatened aquatic species
( NCWRC 2002). The Recovery Plan for the Appalachian elktoe (USFWS 1996) identifies the
establishment of stream buffer zones as a major Recovery Task (Task 1.4).
While these suggested buffer widths can certainly be considered ideal for protecting water
quality, in the area of the proposed action, and in fact in most of western North Carolina which is
typified by steep slopes, narrow valleys and little bottomland, buffer widths of this dimension
become practically infeasible. Most valleys within the watersheds of the action area are less than
200 feet in width. Imposing buffer widths of this size effectively eliminates the small amount of
useable land from any beneficial use to the land owners.
As such, during the construction of the proposed project, there will be some reduction in riparian
buffers. The largest impacts will occur at the treatment plant where approximately 3.15 acres of
forested land will be cleared to construct the plant and access road. We do note that a minimum
50 -foot wide vegetated buffer will be maintained between the plant site and the South Toe River.
The access road construction also creates a minimal loss of riparian buffer however, it is
important to note that the alignment of the road was selected to minimize disturbed land and to
take advantage of the existing previously disturbed railroad corridor. Because of the narrow
width of the permanent easement in this area, the surrounding tree canopy continues to mostly
overarch the proposed roadway. Also because of the narrow width of the permanent easement,
the amount of riparian buffer within the control of the District remains quite small.
Page 43 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Along the gravity collection system alignment, the route was selected to align with the existing
abandoned railroad grade where practical primarily to aid construction efforts but also to
minimize disturbance to previously undisturbed land. For substantial segments of the project,
impervious rail ties and lines have been actually removed and the alignment restored to a
vegetated state, thus effectively improving the riparian buffer quality. Areas with heavy
underbrush or wooded vegetation are estimated to be approximately 6,000 feet. Approximately
4,370 feet of impervious railroad ties and tracks are estimated to be removed from the project as
well. The remainder of the approximately 34,000 foot long gravity sewer corridor (or
approximately 23,630 feet) consisted of pasture, boxwoods, or other open agricultural land; or
lawns and other maintained areas such as driveways or road shoulders. None of the 34,000 foot
gravity sewer line corridor is proposed to be converted to impervious area but will be revegitated
with grass and native planting mixes.
5.1.3 Operational Effects
The primary operational effects of the proposed action would occur in relation to the discharge
of highly treated effluent to the South Toe River. The potential effects to water quality
associated with wastewater discharge are generally related to flow, temperature, bacteria and
viruses, nutrients, turbidity, and chemical contamination. All discharges are governed by the
DWQ through the NPDES permitting program. A copy of the District's permit is included in
Appendix B
5.1.3.1 Flows
The WWTP will treat and discharge approximately 0. 125 million gallons per day (MGD)
maximum monthly flow (0.19 cubic feet per second (cfs)) to the river at its maximum build -out.
This is roughly equivalent to 0.53 percent of the 7Q10 stream flow (35.96 cfs) and 0.10 percent
of the summer mean flow (198 cfs) at the discharge site. Due to the small relative flow of the
discharge to the receiving waters, any effects due to changes in flow rate in the river are
anticipated to be negligible.
5.1.3.2 Temperature
Elevated temperature can have a variety of effects in aquatic systems. Species intolerant of
heated water may disappear, while other species that are rare in cooler water may thrive, so that
the structure of the community changes (Mason 1991). However, fish are often able to acclimate
to temperature changes, and as a result, large -scale mortalities of fish due to thermal pollution
are infrequent (Mason 1991). Due to the large dilution factor at the discharge location,
temperature fluctuations are not anticipated to be an issue.
5.1.3.3 Nu trien is
Excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) can artificially stimulate plant growth, resulting in
algal blooms which speed up the aging process of aquatic systems in addition to contributing to
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

low dissolved oxygen levels. In addition, ammonia at high enough levels is toxic to many
species.
Calculations of the potential effect of the effluent on ammonia nitrogen in the River showed that
with the dilution available and the diffuser that the discharge would not increase ammonia levels
in the River to levels anywhere near the concentrations expected to adversely affect elktoe below
the discharge point. The expected level of ammonia nitrogen in the plant effluent will be well
below the concentrations assumed for the evaluation used to issue the NPDES permit. The
proposed wastewater treatment plant includes nitrification which will significantly lower
ammonia levels in the discharge. In addition, the NPDES permit does include the requirement to
test the effluent for ammonia as well as monitor the upstream and downstream waters for
ammonia as well. There is also a "reopener" clause in the permit to allow a limit to be added in
the event there is any recorded impact to the listed species or critical habitat. Likewise,
phosphorus, while not limited by the NPDES permit, is required to be monitored in the effluent.
Excessive phosphorus concentrations are not anticipated to be an issue in the effluent due to the
use of tertiary filtration.
Due to the relatively large flow of the South Toe River as compared to the proposed discharge
amount under low flow conditions, the assimilative capacity of the River will significantly
minimize and dilute concentrations of nutrients discharged to the South Toe River.
5.1.3.4 Organic Contaminants
The new facility will utilize a Sequencing Batch Reactor treatment technology with tertiary
filtration. This represents one of the highest levels of treatment, achieving greater removal of
contaminants than ordinary secondary treatment systems that would be capable of meeting the
NPDES permit limits assigned to this site. This technology, however, does not remove all
constituents of concern to aquatic life in the receiving water.
Organic chemicals may be either naturally occurring or human -made. Organic chemicals
biodegrade over time into their component elements; however, some persistent organic
chemicals may not break down for decades. Organic chemicals include hydrocarbons and
solvents. These compounds are frequently found at low levels in residential effluent. Because
they are not part of the typical residential waste stream, these compounds enter the system in
small quantities associated with disposal of paint, cleaning materials, or automotive wastes.
There are currently no surface water quality standards for these compounds, and the District's
existing Sewer Use Ordinance explicitly prohibits the disposal of these materials to the sewer
collection system. In addition, the facility will only be accepting and treating domestic
(residential and commercial) strength wastewater which will greatly limit the potential for these
types of contaminates. Impacts from this class of pollutants are not expected to significantly
impact the water quality of the South Toe.
5.1.3.5 Metals
Metals, including copper, lead, arsenic, and zinc may be present in treated water. They do not
break down and are considered persistent chemicals. In general, metals bind to sediment or
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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particulates suspended in water, but they may also dissolve in water and accumulate in surface
sediments or bioaccumulate in the tissues of aquatic life. Metals discharged to the South Toe
River may cause a variety of effects on biological resources. The types of effects would vary
depending upon the particular metal and the level of exposure. At high enough exposures,
metals may cause immediate health risks, including death, to plants and animals. At lower levels
long -term effects, such as those associated with reproduction or growth, may potentially occur.
In general, the acute toxicity levels of most metals for aquatic organisms are considerably higher
than the levels that would be allowed by state and federal water quality standards (WHO 1998).
Exposure to concentrated effluent on fish species is highly dependent upon the species exposed
and their movement patterns. However, adverse effects attributable to the proposed action are
not expected due to the overall dilution that will occur.
In the evaluation of the potential impact to the receiving waters by the NC Water Quality
Program in consideration of the issuance of an NPDES permit, the agency determined that the
potential for metals from this system is minimal. Therefore, the potential for adverse impacts to
threatened and endangered species from dissolved metals are anticipated to be very low because
of the expected characteristics of the wastewater that will be treated by the facility, high
dilution /assimilation effect from the receiving waters and the high quality of the effluent.
5.1.3.6 Unregulated Con tam inants/Microconstituents
Municipal wastewater can contain numerous chemicals generated from the daily use of products
disposed of via the sewer system and industrial process discharges. Wastewater effluent has been
implicated as a source of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); pharmaceuticals and personal
care products (PPCPs); persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs); polybrominated
diphenyl ethers (PBDE's); and other compounds of anthropogenic origin in surface waters
around the world. Wastewater treatment plants have been a focus of research because they
represent a point - source target for investigation, and not because they have been implicated as
the most important, or significant, source of these substances in the environment.
There are currently no water quality standards or effluent requirements for these compounds.
Regardless, there is some limited potential for the listed species to be exposed to these
contaminants. While the chemical concentrations are in most cases quite low, discharges occur
on a continuous basis and include mixtures of compounds that may interact with each other
under certain conditions. The potential toxicity effects of these mixtures can thus be both
complex and additive.
Wastewater treatment plants are designed to remove conventional pollutants. These processes
also remove many types of EDCs. Plants designed for secondary treatment and disinfection can
remove over 90 percent of the most common EDCs entering a treatment plant, according to
published research (WERF 2005). Higher removal rates have been achieved with other treatment
technologies, which include ozonation, granulated or powdered activated carbon, and membrane
technology (for some high molecular weight undissolved chemicals) (Ternes et al. 2003). These
more advanced treatment processes are more costly and are primarily used in the treatment of
drinking water. The proposed facility will employ the use of tertiary treatment.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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Unregulated chemicals detected in wastewater include pharmaceuticals, personal care products,
plasticizers, disinfectants, detergent metabolites, flame retardants, antioxidants, trace metals, and
others. Many of these chemicals are ubiquitous and typically generated from non -point sources;
sewage and domestic waste are the primary sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care
products in the aquatic environment. However, at the present time municipal dischargers are not
required to measure these emerging chemicals in their discharges, even though they are
environmentally active and may adversely affect wildlife. These chemicals are addressed here as
"unregulated" chemicals.
Although data is not available to definitively demonstrate the chemical composition of the
WWTP effluent, it is reasonable to assume that some of these chemicals will be present in the
effluent. These chemical groups are common to most wastewater effluents and are frequently
measured in surface waters that receive wastewater effluent. The proposed District discharge to
the South Toe, as noted, is a relatively small percentage of the flow of the River, even at very
low flow conditions. The presence of any of these chemicals that may be present are expected to
be extremely low below the point of discharge /mixing.
Effects of Common Unregulated Contaminants /Microconstituents
The review of studies has shown that endocrine disruption is undoubtedly adversely affecting
wild fish populations all over the world through a variety of pathways including hormone
receptor interactions, interference with biosynthesis of sex steroids, and disruption of hormonal
control by the pituitary or reproductive and adrenal processes. However, in most cases the exact
process or mode of action are poorly understood and the data that has been collected is largely
confined to a few select species. Chemical compounds responsible for the adverse effects may
be due to both synthetic and natural compounds (WHO 2002).
Specific effects documented in teleost fish (bony fishes) exposed to estrogens and androgens
include the following: kidney, liver and gonadal cell death; intersex; altered breeding behavior;
fibrosis and inhibition of testicular development; ovarian follicle growth; and changes in the
timing of maturation.
It has also been demonstrated that low concentrations (0.025 µg/L) of environmental estrogens
can affect reproductive behavior (Martinovic et al. 2003). Abnormal breeding behavior is
considered a sub - lethal effect of exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds. Clotfelter et al.
(2004) have compiled a summary of the variety of behavioral effects noted in numerous fish
species exposed to endocrine disrupting chemical.
Other wastewater - related chemicals known to cause endocrine disruption in fish are more
commonly detected in surface waters, including those in North Carolina. These include
plasticizers, fire retardants, and detergent metabolites such as nonylphenol (which has been
banned in Canada). In general and with the exception of nonylphenol (Servos 1999), the
majority of toxicity testing focuses on reproductive steroids. While we do not have a
characterization of non - regulated chemicals discharged that could be potentially discharged from
the proposed WWTP, we anticipate that the composition of the effluent would be similar to
municipal wastewater discharged in other areas.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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The question with respect to the proposed facility is really one of exposure potential. The
proposed WWTP will discharge highly treated effluent to a receiving stream with a large
background flow relative to the design discharge flow. If exposure does occur, it is likely they
are experiencing sublethal effects as noted above resulting in reduced reproductive success. It's
also possible that any aquatic species present may experience other sublethal effects as a result of
repeated exposure to municipal wastewater, but we are unable at this time to determine to what
extent effects related to unregulated compounds, if any, would result in a significant impairment
or disruption of behavioral patterns such as foraging, reproduction, or migration.
5.1.2.7 Summary of Operational Effects
The WWTP will produce a high quality effluent. The expected low concentrations of pollutants
in highly treated water from the WWTP and dilution and assimilation by the background flow of
the South Toe River will minimize any effects of the proposed discharge while and allowing for
the discontinuation of septic systems, which currently serve the project Action Area.
The District is required to monitor both effluent and final receiving waters to ensure that impacts
due to the above concerns are not occurring.
The presence of nutrients, metals, or elevated temperatures resulting from operation of the
proposed WWTP is not expected to result in significant adverse effects to threatened or
endangered species or their critical habitats. The discharge from the proposed facility is required
to meet the water standards outlined in the existing NPDES permit.
Relative to the potential for impact from unregulated and microconstituents present in the
discharge, the dilution and assimilation capacity of the South Toe River and the level of
treatment will greatly limit the possibility of significant effect. When regulatory requirements
are developed for monitoring and control of these chemicals for the type of discharge from the
District's system, the NPDES permit can be modified in future renewals of the permit to include
these requirements.
5.2 INDIRECT IMPACTS
Indirect impacts are those effects that are caused by or will result from the proposed action and
are later in time, but are still reasonably certain to occur (50 CFR 402.02). These types of
impacts can include natural responses to the proposed action's direct impacts, or can include
human induced impacts associated with the proposed action.
5.2.1 Impervious Surface and Land Cover Alteration Associated with Wastewater
Treatment Plant Construction
The correlation of increasing development within a watershed and decreasing water quality is
well documented (Lieb 1998, Crawford and Lenat 1989, Garie and McIntosh 1986, Lenat et al
1979) and is often a result of increases in impervious surface area. Although the increase in the
amount of impervious surface area is a direct consequence associated with project construction,
it will not directly impact the adjacent water bodies or the Appalachian elktoe. However, the
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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increases in impervious surface area can indirectly impact water quality in a variety of ways,
particularly with regards to stormwater impacts.
One of the most common concerns regarding impervious surface and land cover conversions is
decreased baseflows and increased storm flows. Even medium -sized flood events in moderately
urbanized watersheds are found to have peak -flow increases of two to three times the amount of
runoff from non - urbanized watersheds (Booth et al. 2000). Increases in peak flow are more
apparent as smaller, more frequent floods relative to larger floods (Booth et al. 2000).
Peak discharge affects channel stability (or instability) which is one of the identified action area
threats (Section 4.3.1). Increases in peak discharge equates to higher velocity, which in turn
increases the scouring effect (erosion) of the runoff. Accordingly, sedimentation will increase as
erosion rates increase. In a recent study of the Goose Creek Subbasin, which is occupied by
another endangered mussel species, the Carolina heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata), and is
undergoing urbanization throughout the watershed, Allan (2005) documented dramatic increases
in sediment and nutrient concentrations during high flow events.
Increases of peak discharge rates coupled with deforestation, has been shown to result in stream
narrowing and incision and subsequent loss of ecosystem function (Sweeney et al. 2004). If peak
discharge velocities are high enough, mussels can become dislodged resulting in mortality if the
mussels are deposited in unsuitable habitat or in the floodplain. As discussed in Section 3.2.3, the
Appalachian elktoe was susceptible to being dislodged during the flood events of 2004.
Increases of impervious surface can also lead to decreases in infiltration and base flow within
adjacent streams. This can result in the following:
• During periods of reduced base flow, there is more stream bottom surface area with less
water to cover it.
• Widened streams (less tree cover) are exposed to more sunlight resulting in increased
water evaporation and heating, especially in areas with shallower water.
• If base flow is reduced, yet WWTP discharge remains constant or increases, it takes
longer for the stream to dilute the nutrients and toxins in the effluent, thereby extending
the WWTP "plume" further downstream.
• During dry or drought conditions is the most critical time for agricultural operations and
golf courses; as such this is when water is pumped out of the streams, exacerbating the
already low flow conditions.
In addition to changes in stream hydrology, the constituents of runoff from some impervious
surfaces can contain nutrients, metals, and other pollutants if not properly treated using
appropriate stormwater BMPs. Common pollutants in urban areas include nutrients such as
phosphorus and nitrogen, pesticides, bacteria, and miscellaneous contaminants such as PCBs and
heavy metals. Impervious surfaces collect and concentrate pollutants from different sources and
deliver these materials to streams during rain storms. In general, concentrations of pollutants
increase in direct proportion to total impervious area (May et al. 1997).
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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There are also concerns over impacts of thermal pollution from urban runoff on aquatic systems.
Elevation of stream temperature can raise Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), lower dissolved
oxygen (DO) and can alter faunal composition (Roa- Espinosa et al. 2003, Poole et al. 2001).
Stormwater runoff from the treatment plant site and access road can increase in temperature due
to the removal of the existing vegetation and the proposed impervious areas. Typically, runoff
from a developed impervious area will have a temperature similar to the temperature of the
impervious area. During the hot summer months, this could potentially make the stormwater
runoff reach temperatures up to and above 90 °F, which could be detrimental to the aquatic life
downstream of the site. Various stormwater BMPs have been shown to be effective in
ameliorating temperature effects (NC State Cooperative Extension 2006a). Bioretention devices
were shown to reduce runoff temperature by 5 -10 degrees Fahrenheit in Greensboro, North
Carolina (NC State Cooperative Extension 2006b).
Based on 2006 data, the watershed above South Toe River Mile 5.0 (the location of the proposed
WWTP) covers approximately 53,500 acres of which approximately 0.63 percent or 33,700
acres, is impervious surface coverage (North Carolina Streamstats. (August 9, 2013). Retrieved
from http: / /streamstats.usgs.gov /north_ carolina.html). This does not reflect the recent
construction of the Highway 19E roadway widening project currently under construction. The
proposed action will add approximately 1.2 acres of impervious surface area to the South Toe
River drainage basin (includes the WWTP, access road, and pump station site). This change in
total impervious surface area within the South Toe River drainage basin does not alter the
measureable percent impervious area beyond 0.63 percent.
It is unlikely that the small amount of additional impervious surface that will occur in
conjunction with the construction of the WWTP, access road, and pump station will result in any
measurable indirect effects. The proposed treatment plant, access road and pump station
footprint is insignificant in comparison to the overall size of the watershed. No new impervious
surface will occur as a result of construction of the gravity collection pipelines.
5.2.2 Indirect Effects on Land Use
The proposed project will provide sewer service generally to property adjacent to the US
Highway 19E corridor between Micaville and the Town of Burnsville and along NC Highway 80
from Micaville south to the Hickory Springs Manufacturing facility. The project was developed
and funded with the primary objective of providing service to existing residences, business,
institutional, and industrial users. As noted, this objective was based on eliminating water
quality impacts from the discharge of raw and partially treated domestic wastewater from
residential activity in the service area and to eliminate exiting discharging systems in the District.
Since this project is occurring simultaneously with the widening of US Highway 19E between
the Town of Burnsville and Micaville, a limited amount of highway- oriented commercial
development may be anticipated through the Highway 19E corridor. Although slight declines in
the permanent population have occurred in the project study areas in recent years, additional new
growth that is likely to occur may be related to second home and retiree development and the
associated tourism sectors of the economy, as the number of new home starts has grown in recent
years (NCDOT 2007).
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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Yancey County and the Town of Burnsville have a Land Development Plan adopted in 2001,
which directs intensive urban development away from environmentally sensitive areas and
promotes cluster development adjacent to US 19/19E, where sewer and water services exist and
some development already exists ( NCDOT 2007). Yancey County does not have a zoning
ordinance, but it should be noted that the development pressures along the highway are more
driven by access, the upgrade to US 19/19E, and economic opportunities. The wastewater
treatment capacity of the District's system was specifically limited to provide service for existing
sources and capacity for only the expected population growth projected from normal activity in
the in the service area. The vast majority of the watershed is composed of the drainage above
US 19E in the Newdale community (approximately 58.5 square miles of the 83.5 square miles
above the discharge point, or 70 %). This drainage is covered by NC's Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW) designation which included specific regulatory controls for any new
development. In addition, the drainage above US 19E includes a substantial amount of the area
as US Forest Service land.
The proposed sewer project is consistent with regional goals to improve environmental condition
through the elimination of failing and undersized septic systems within the most environmentally
sensitive areas, while enhancing wastewater service to existing residences and businesses along
the corridor. The land use plan discourages strip commercial development along the corridor
( NCDOT 2007).
At the time the Engineering Alternatives Analysis (EAA) was completed in 2005, the primary
data used for determining anticipated growth in the area was census data from the period of
1990 -2000. During this period, Yancey County experienced a 15.3 percent growth rate, or an
effective 1.43 percent per year. Population growth records released by the Office of State
Management and Budget (OMB) indicate that the growth rate of Yancey County from 2000-
2009 was 0.78 percent, and actually decreased 0.57 percent between 2008 and 2009 alone.
Current projections by the OMB continue to predict essentially zero growth in Yancey County
until 2029. When compared to the statewide projected growth of 9.9 percent from 2010 -2019,
Yancey's projected growth rate of 0.63 percent is substantially lower.
The difference in growth rate of Yancey County compared to that of North Carolina appears to
be due in part to distance from interstate highways and large metropolitan areas, the shortage of
easily developable lands in the Appalachian region, and limited water and sewer services.
However, development pressures do exist within this region. Tourism, an increasingly important
part of the local economy is assisting the market for second home development. Regionally, the
proposed improvements to US 19E, in combination with other area projects, will strengthen the
link between the Asheville and Boone areas and will make the area more accessible to a greater
number of tourists, enhance truck access to I -26 and I -40, and shortened the commute to
metropolitan Asheville ( NCDOT 2001).
Tourist- oriented businesses which provide goods and services for through travelers would likely
locate along US 19E, where both water and sewer services are available or proposed. This could
result in linear sprawl, with associated congestion and safety concerns. NCDOT is using
medians with their proposed highway improvements which should minimize this possibility
( NCDOT 2001).
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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Development trends in Yancey County indicate that upscale residential communities of second
homes and small scale commercial uses (HNTB North Carolina 2004) are becoming more
prevalent (NCDOT 2007). Additionally, the improved highway may make commuting to areas
outside of the demographic area more attractive bringing new permanent residents to the area.
Substantial industrial development is not considered likely due to the steep topography of the
area. Local officials, however, have stated that there are some available industrial sites and that
"the communities have a desire to grow the manufacturing employment base" and are hopeful
that the improved accessibility provided by the widened roadway and improved access to sewer
service will encourage future businesses and industries to locate in the area. The District system
is not approved under its NPDES permit to accept process industrial wastewater. Manufacturing
or industrial activity in the service area would have to develop other treatment /disposal methods
in order to operate process wastewater producing operations. There are no known plans for any
redevelopment of the closed industrial and manufacturing facilities, or new plants for future
manufacturing. If they are redeveloped, the wastewater system as designed and permitted cannot
accommodate process wastewater. Small, tourist- related commercial or light manufacturing
activities are more likely to locate in this area than large -scale industry.
There has been some discussion that the existing Hickory Springs Manufacturing facility could
add additional employees once sewer service becomes available, primarily within their
warehouse facility, but a major facility expansion is not anticipated. There have also been
preliminary discussions that the existing Micaville Elementary School, constructed in 1936, may
be replaced within the next 10 to 20 years. The County has an option to purchase property off of
NC Highway 80 within the District boundary adjacent to the proposed sewer project should the
need for a new school arise. It should be noted that a decision on the school is not related to the
availability of public sewer. The Yancey County School Board will have to consider issues of
student need and utility of the existing structure. There are no known other plans for additional
substantial development within the District boundary.
The various probable induced land -use impacts discussed above can potentially result in adverse
impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat. As discussed above, the
most likely induced land use impact is small -scale residential community and commercial
developments. This residential development is expected to follow the current approach for new
or second homes in the area. This approach typically results in the use of larger lots with limited
impervious area. Development activities like those above can result in various adverse impacts
to water quality, such as sedimentation/erosion while the sites are being developed, increased
storm -water impacts from an overall increase in impervious surface area, and the potential for
increases in point source and non -point source pollution as the population expands and the
watershed is developed.
While large -scale development of the area is not anticipated to occur, and thus large -scale water
quality degradation is not expected throughout the Nolichucky River Basin, the anticipated
small -scale development activities can cause localized water quality impacts, which in turn could
result in adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat. This is
especially true in areas which lack development controls. Quantifying the degree of indirect
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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water quality degradation is difficult to project and will be dependent on the location of the
future development activities, the amount of impervious surface area associated with future
development and any stormwater and buffer controls that are put in place.
5.2.2.1 Wastewater Capacity Available to Induce Growth
The EYWSD was required to prepare an EAA as a part of their process of securing a discharge
permit from the DWQ for the proposed treatment plant. The initial EAA estimated potential
flows within the entire District boundary, and originally requested permission for a 400,000 gpd
permit. During the evaluation of the EAA by the agency, modifications were made to the design
flow request that resulted in limiting the flow to 125,000 gpd based on the service area that could
reasonably be connected to the system. The understanding was that if the District actually
reached this capacity and needed to expand its service area to connect other existing users,
including a growth factor, an expansion to the plant would require a modified permit
necessitating a new alternatives analysis at that time. This will result in a new permit review
process and a decision on a federally required NPDES permit. As such, this evaluation primarily
considers the potential of the existing 125,000 gallon per day flow to induce development within
the District boundary.
The existing potential larger users within the District boundaries include the Taylor Togs facility,
Hickory Springs Manufacturing, and the Micaville Elementary, Burnsville Elementary, and
Burnsville Middle Schools. These users account for 28,238 gpd of the original 125,000 gpd
design flow. Subtracting this allocated flow out leaves a total of 96,762 gpd for existing and
future residential and commercial use throughout the District. In the original flow calculations, it
was anticipated that approximately 50 percent of the 260 potential users in close proximity to the
proposed gravity collection system would connect. Using the NCDENR design criteria of 120
gallons per day (gpd) per bedroom connected (assuming an average three bedroom home), the
average allocation per residential connection is 360 gpd. Using the anticipated 130 connections,
an additional 43,200 gpd of flow is also allocated to existing users in the basin.
The remaining 53,562 gpd of currently unallocated capacity is available for future connections of
existing residences (since it is assumed only 50 percent will connect initially) or is available for
future development. Using the same NCDWQ guideline of 120 gpd per bedroom and an average
of three bedrooms per connection, or 360 gpd per connection, equates to a potential 149
available residential connections to the system. This could be any combination of existing
residences that do not connect at project completion and new development or redevelopment of
existing properties. If it is assumed that over the planning period an additional 50 percent of
those users that did not connect originally ultimately connect, this leaves an estimated 75
connections, or 27,000 gallons, available for new activity in the service area.
The construction of an additional 75 to 150 new homes or an equivalent amount of commercial
or industrial development, within the proposed District boundary is not considered to constitute a
substantial impact on the water quality of the watershed. The potential additional impervious
area from this development would not significantly increase the existing level of runoff in the
drainage served by the plant.
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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It is also important to note that NCDENR regulations require that when a facility reaches 80
percent of its capacity (100,000 gpd in this case) the Owner is required to plan for the future of
the facility and manage any additional growth or expansion. At 90 percent of capacity (112,500
gpd in this case), the plan must begin moving forward with implementation. Should these
thresholds be reached, it is almost certain that a new assessment of the entire system would be
required.
5.2.3 Potential Of Toxic Spills
While this system is treating domestic strength wastewater with no significant toxic
characteristics, during the normal operation of a wastewater treatment and collection system the
risk of occasional spills of untreated or partially treated wastewater and sludge handled through
the system exists. Additionally, upsets to the biological treatment process at the plant can result
in the discharge of wastewater that is not fully treated. As discussed in Section 5.1.2., the release
of pollutants can have a harmful effect on aquatic species, including the Appalachian elktoe.
Minimizing or eliminating the risk of spills, and adequately responding to emergencies is of
primary concern to the District.
At the EYWSD facility, sludge and raw water screenings generated as a byproduct of the
treatment process must be transported off -site for further treatment at a permitted facility. This
leads to the potential for spills due to vehicular accidents involving service vehicles, garbage,
and sludge trucks. In addition to the spillage of wastewater or sludge during a vehicular
accident, there is also a risk of vehicle fuel being spilled in an accident. Due to the low design
speed, gentle grade and straight alignment of the access road, the risk of vehicular accidents is
small. Additionally, the quantity of solids generated at the plant is relatively small, thus the
number of vehicle trips to the facility is relatively small.
5.2.3.1 Sludge Disposal Quantities and Vehicle Trip Assessment
According to the design calculations for the facility, at an average daily flow of 125,000 gpd (the
projected flow at the end of the 20 year design period), it is anticipated that approximately 783
gallons of sludge at 1.5 percent solids will be generated daily. It is planned to allow the sludge
to thicken on -site in the sludge holding tank to approximately 3 percent through alternating
cycles of settling and decanting, effectively cutting the volume in half to slightly less than 400
gpd. At full capacity (an average daily flow of 125,000 gpd), this equates to approximately 1 trip
every 6 days in a standard 2,400 gallon "honey- wagon" type septic truck. Obviously, the solids
generated are generally proportional with flow; therefore, in the initial years of plant service, the
solids generated will be substantially less until the flow to the plant increases.
The treatment plant also has approximately 75 days of sludge storage capacity (almost 63,000
gallons) giving the District substantial flexibility in scheduling the sludge hauling activities
around inclement weather, further reducing the possibility of accidents.
In addition to the sludge hauling activities, there will also be some amount of screenings
generated at the plant that must be removed from the site. It is undetermined at this time whether
or not garbage service will be provided at the plant or if the screenings will be removed daily by
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East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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the operator as he enters and exits the site. There is a screenings compactor as a part of the
project which substantially reduces the volume of screenings that must be disposed of from the
site, so it is likely that this material will be removed by pick -up truck. Normal trips to the
facility will be limited to once per day by one vehicle and perhaps an extra trip if the operator
leaves the facility for lunch.
The current treatment process and operational approach for the proposed plant does not involve
the use of any added chemicals aiding with treatment of the wastewater; therefore, there are not
any chemical deliveries anticipated to be made to the facility.
Page 55 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

6.0 PROPOSED AVOIDANCE AND MINIMIZATION MEASURES
The following measures are proposed by the District to avoid, minimize, and mitigate for
potential impacts from construction activities to the Appalachian elktoe and Designated Critical
Habitat.
6.1 STANDARD MEASURES
The District has developed erosion control measures for this project specifically to minimize the
potential for sedimentation and erosion occurring at the site. Inspections of erosion control
devices are done on a daily basis by the Construction Observation staff, Contract Administrator
or the Project Superintendent on the site. These inspections are generally more frequent on
projects within an endangered species habitat.
A number of avoidance and minimization measures have been incorporated into this project.
6.1.1 Erosion Control Measures
This project utilizes erosion control measures that exceed the standard BMPs as required by the
DEMLR. A 25 -foot setback line is clearly delineated on the plans, and along the entire project
area, the following shall apply:
1 At a minimum, all erosion control devices shall be installed immediately following
clearing operations, and before work begins as practical.
2 Along the sewer line route, "Seeding and Mulching" shall be performed on the areas
disturbed by construction immediately daily.
3 In areas near any direct impacts to surface waters or wetlands, a native seed mix is
required to be used for revegetation of denuded areas.
4 All silt fence used on the project follows the "Super Silt Fence" details as proscribed
by DEMLR.
5 A special polymer injection system with silt bags is required to be used in areas
where the trenches have to be dewatered and pumped down during the installation of
the pipeline.
6 All sedimentation and erosion control measures, throughout the project limits, must
be cleaned out when half full with sediment, to ensure proper function of the
measures.
6.1.2 Design Approach
The overall design approach was to locate the gravity collection system and force main routes
within the existing abandoned railroad grade wherever possible. By doing so, a pre - disturbed
alignment could be used that is relatively flat and easy to work within for the Contractor,
allowing him to minimize the disturbed area and facilitating the installation of erosion control
measures. In addition, because of the noted Trout Buffer, the design effort for the collection
system looked at every opportunity to be 25 feet or more from all streams within the service area.
Page 56 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

6.1.3 Agency Coordination
The District will invite representatives from USFWS and the NCWRC to the pre - construction
meeting for these projects, as well as to all subsequent field inspections prior to construction, to
insure compliance with all special project commitments.
6.2 PROJECT SPECIFIC MEASURES
Avoidance and minimization measures specific to this project have been developed to
avoid/minimize adverse impacts to water quality and in turn the Appalachian elktoe.
6.2.1 Preconstruction Surveys
The District has performed two (2) mussel surveys and a dye tracer mixing study in the vicinity
of the proposed wastewater outfall line in order to select the location with the least potential
impact to listed species and its critical habitat. In addition, immediately prior to constructing the
wastewater system outfall line a mussel survey in the specific location of the proposed
construction will be performed to identify any individual mussels that may be impacted.
6.2.2 Modifications to the Proposed Treatment Process
At the recommendation of the Service, the District modified the original design plans to
eliminate chlorine disinfection and a sodium bisulfate dechlorination process from the treatment
system. Instead, disinfection of the wastewater is achieved through exposure of the treated
wastewater to ultraviolet light. In order to assure adequate treatment by the UV process, tertiary
filtration was added even though not explicitly needed in order to meet permit levels as assigned
through the NPDES permit process. Also, an effluent diffuser was added to aid in the mixing
and promotes dispersion of the effluent across the entire width of the river in order to avoid areas
of high concentrations of effluent in the River. These modifications to the project were made to
mitigate the effects of the direct treated wastewater discharge to the South Toe River.
6.2.3 Guardrail Installation
The District proposes to install guardrail along the main entrance of the proposed access road to
mitigate for the possibility of vehicular accidents directly to the South Toe River.
6.2.4 Access Road Drainage System
The District proposes to construct the proposed access road in such a way that the
preconstruction drainage patterns around the original railroad alignment would be retained or
restored. The previously existing long, flat - sloped drainage swales will act to allow some
infiltration of runoff into the groundwater table and allow for natural removal of some pollutants
before reaching surface waters. Due to the relatively low usage pattern for the roadway, outside
contaminates such as fuel and oil leakage or brake dust from vehicles is expected to be minimal.
Finley and Young (1993) found grassy swales to be an effective means of pollutant removal for
Page 57 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

stormwater. Keeping the existing drainage pattern along the proposed access road will mitigate
the effects associated with any increase impervious area associated with the road construction.
6.2.4.1 Access Road Drainage Pipe Plunge Pool and Stabilization Efforts
Immediately at the intersection of the proposed access road and Wyatt Town Road there is an
existing drainage pipe that transports stormwater under the proposed access road (and previously
the railroad tracks) to the South Toe River. During informal consultation, it was agreed that the
outfall area of this pipe to the South Toe River would be modified by installing large boulders
between the pipe outfall and the river in order to create stable plunge pools and thereby minimize
the potential for erosion in this area. Details for this work have been added to the construction
and permitting documents. Stabilizing this area will mitigate the effects of any increased
localized runoff due to the construction of the access road in this area.
6.2.4.2 Access Road Maintenance Plan
To further assist the District with ongoing maintenance of the access road, the District has
developed an Access Road Maintenance Plan that documents the level and frequency of
inspection along the access road, outlines the maintenance activities allowed for the route, and
lists the prohibition against using de -icers on the road during inclement weather. A copy of the
Access Road Maintenance Plan can be found in Appendix E. By following the proposed
maintenance plan, impacts from the continued use and maintenance of the access road will be
mitigated.
6.2.5 Treatment Plant Stormwater System Design
The design approach to the wastewater treatment plant stormwater system design site centers on
diverting the "clean" stormwater approaching the site from above to be diverted around the site.
Stormwater collected from on -site is specifically not concentrated but instead directed in a
diverging drainage pattern to allow overland flow through the riparian buffer area prior to
reaching the South Toe River.
During informal consultation, one area of concern was noted at the entrance to the treatment
plant site. Additional measures have been identified to install a larger rip -rap settling area at the
discharge location of the storm pipe to allow any sediment being transported from the site
through this pipe to be trapped and collected in the this location for removal during maintenance
activities.
The stormwater system design on the treatment plant site mitigates the effects of clearing
activities, and minimizes any stormwater impacts due to concentration of flow off of the site.
6.2.6 Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan
The District has developed Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan for
the District. This document will provide guidance to the treatment system operators and facility
managers in the event of an untreated waste spill and will assist in mitigating any potential
Page 58 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

adverse impacts. A copy of the plan is included in Appendix C. By following the Sanitary
Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan, the District has mitigated the effect of
unforeseen system failures and unintended discharges of wastewater from the system.
6.2.7 Relocation of the Influent Pump Station
During informal consultation with the USACE, a new site was acquired for the influent pump
station in order to relocate it outside of a previously un- identified wetland area. The originally
disturbed wetland area has been restored to pre - construction conditions and is being allowed to
naturally revegitate. By relocating the site outside of the identified wetland area, impacts to this
wetland have been avoided.
6.2.8 Mandatory Connection of Identified Failed Systems and New Systems
The District has worked with the Yancey County Building Inspections Department to confirm
that any existing on -site systems that are identified as failing within reasonable proximity to the
proposed project will be required to connect to the public sewer as a matter of public health and
safety. No new permits will be issued for on -site systems for any development within reasonable
proximity to the proposed system either. A copy of the correspondence between the Building
Inspections Department and the EYWSD is included in Appendix E.
The EYWSD is also committed to work with the Building Inspections Department and Toe River
Health District to provide technical assistance with the extension of short collector sewers to any
identified troubled systems that can be reasonably reached from the proposed system.
Encouraging the connection of troubled or failing systems will help to improve overall water
quality within the Little Crabtree Creek watershed through the elimination of substandard on -site
systems.
6.2.9 Participation in Public Education and Awareness Activities
Yancey County, the parent organization of the EYWSD, is currently in the process partnering
with the Yancey County School Board for the purpose of providing educational programming,
signage, and stabilization efforts on various properties owned by the School Board within the
Little Crabtree basin. Potential parcels identified for the program include tracts at Burnsville
Elementary School and Micaville Elementary School, both of which are located within the Little
Crabtree basin and join surface waters.
The County plans to potentially develop small parks, and as a part of the parks, install
interpretive signage and possibly an educational kiosk to inform the public of the importance of
maintaining natural streams and wetlands and their role in overall watershed health.
Construction- intensive recreation facilities are not planned for the sites; primarily walking trails,
perhaps parking facilities, and possibly small children's playgrounds. Walking trails could be
planned to coincide with the existing sewer line easement. The County has a positive working
history with the Yancey County School Board, the Mountain Heritage High School Ecology
Club and Staff, and the volunteer organization Toe River Valley Watch to promote ecological
education in Yancey County.
Page 59 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Participation in ongoing public education programs is intended to help mitigate the potential of
secondary and cumulative impacts that may occur as a result of this project.
6.2.10 Assistance with Stream Restoration Efforts — Peterson /Boone Tracts
During the summer of 2013, Western North Carolina received heavy amounts of rainfall that
caused severe flooding throughout the area, including Yancey County. One area impacted was
the Little Crabtree Creek basin, in particular several hundred feet of Little Crabtree Creek on the
Peterson and Boone tracts located between Bear Wallow Road and Cottage Lane. In this specific
area, Little Crabtree Creek left its banks causing a significant area of stream bank erosion and
bank failure, resulting in Little Crabtree Creek relocating itself approximately 50 feet to the
north. The specific portion of Little Crabtree Creek in this area is adjacent to the gravity sewer
line installed as apart of this project.
While the flooding and bank failures did not directly impact the sewer line, it does represent a
significant water quality threat in the basin. As such, Yancey County has contacted the
Peterson /Boone family and has committed to help them seek funding to perform stream
restoration activities along this reach. One possible source is the funding agencies providing
funding for the sewer line itself. Initial contact is being made with these agencies for permission
to use a small portion of the monies designated for the sewer line construction for this restoration
effort. If this is not permissible, the County has agreed to reach out to the Natural Resources
Conservation Service (MRCS), the North Carolina Soil and Water Conservation District, the Toe
River Valley Watch environmental group, and others to pursue funds for the stabilization of this
stream reach. It is hoped that these contacts can then be parlayed into a bigger effort to promote
the overall health and stabilization of the Little Crabtree Creek watershed through other
conservation and restoration measures.
By serving as a lead agency in the pursuit of stream restoration and stabilization projects like the
one above, the District is attempting to achieve their mission of improving the overall water
quality of the Little Crabtree Creek drainage basin.
Page 60 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

7.0 DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS
The determination of effects was made after analyzing the likelihood of the identified potential
project - related impacts (Section 5.0) resulting in adverse as well as beneficial effects to the
Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat.
7.1 DIRECT IMPACTS - APPALACHIAN ELKTOE
Although the proposed avoidance and minimization measures discussed in Section 6.0 will
reduce, minimize, and potentially eliminate some potential impacts to the Appalachian elktoe
and Designated Critical Habitat, project construction could result in various unavoidable direct
impacts to the species and its critical habitat.
7.1.1 Erosion /Sedimentation from Construction Sites
Adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its habitat resulting from project- related
sedimentation/erosion are expected to be minimal; erosion control standards will be strictly
enforced by the District.
To eliminate /minimize the potential for sedimentation, the District has developed specific
erosion control measures for this project. Sedimentation and erosion control measures will
adhere to the standards as outlined in Section 6.1.1. There are no practical erosion control
measures that can totally eliminate the chance for sedimentation from a project site; however, if
the erosion control plans are properly incorporated into project construction and strictly adhered
to, the potential for project - related adverse impacts of erosion and sedimentation to aquatic
habitat of the South Toe River should be greatly reduced.
7.1.2 Decreased Riparian Buffers
Due to the nature of the location of the proposed systems, there will be a reduction in the
previously undisturbed riparian buffers. It is important to note, however, that where practical,
the proposed project was located within the limits of the previously existing railroad bed,
effectively minimizing the amount of undisturbed land impacted. It is estimated that
approximately 4,370 feet of impervious railroad ties and tracks are to be removed as a part of the
construction project. Conversely, it is estimated that approximately 6,000 feet of the proposed
34,000 feet long collection system passes through heavily overgrown or wooded areas, which
will be restored with vegetated cover, but not allowed to become overgrown or revegitate with
woody cover. The proximity of these areas varies in distance from surface waters, but are
generally set back approximately 25 to 50 feet.
Additionally, every effort was made whenever possible to locate the collection system outside of
the Trout Buffer. The treatment plant was located as far back and above the South Toe River as
practical on the proposed plant site, maximizing the amount of buffer to be maintained. All
disturbed areas will be restored with vegetative cover in an attempt to minimize any impacts to
the buffer zone, and none of the proposed collection system alignment will be converted to
impervious area.
Page 61 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

7.1.3 Operational Effects
The primary operational effects of the proposed action would occur in relation to the discharge
of highly treated effluent to the South Toe River. The potential effects to water quality
associated with wastewater discharge are generally related to flow, temperature, bacteria and
viruses, nutrients, turbidity, and chemical contamination. All discharges are governed by the
DWQ through the NPDES permitting program. During the development of the permit
conditions, the Service and NC WRC was consulted extensively to provide for a permit that
resulted in treatment beyond that which would be required under NC wastewater treatment rules.
The WWTP will produce a high quality effluent. The expected low concentrations of pollutants
in highly treated water from the WWTP and dilution by the background flow of the South Toe
River will minimize any effects of the proposed discharge while allowing for the discontinuation
of septic systems that currently serve the project Action Area.
The District is required to monitor both effluent and final receiving waters to ensure that impacts
due to the above concerns are not occurring.
The presence of nutrients, metals, or elevated temperatures resulting from operation of the
proposed wastewater treatment plant is not expected to result in significant adverse effects to
threatened or endangered species or their critical habitats. The discharge from the proposed
facility is required to meet the water standards outlined in the existing NPDES permit.
7.2 INDIRECT IMPACTS - APPALACHIAN ELKTOE
7.2.1 Impervious Surface and Land Cover Alteration Associated with Wastewater
Treatment Plant Construction
Based on 2006 data, the watershed above South Toe River Mile 5.0 (the location of the proposed
WWTP) covers approximately 53,500 acres of which approximately 0.63 percent or 33,700
acres, is impervious surface coverage (North Carolina Streamstats. (August 9, 2013). Retrieved
from http: / /streamstats.usgs.gov /north_ carolina.html). This does not reflect the recent
construction of the Highway 19E roadway widening project currently under construction. The
proposed action will add approximately 1.2 acres of impervious surface area to the South Toe
River drainage basin (includes the wastewater treatment plant, access road, and pump station
site). This change in total impervious surface area within the South Toe River drainage basin
does not alter the measureable percent impervious area beyond 0.63 percent. As this assessment
notes, seventy percent (70 %) of the watershed above the discharge point is composed land
designated and regulated as an ORW. The effect on water quality from this dominate portion of
the drainage is significant and provides a baseline level of high quality water to the South Toe
River Basin.
It is unlikely that the small amount of additional impervious surface that will occur in
conjunction with the construction of the WWTP, access road, and pump station will result in any
measurable indirect effects. The proposed treatment plant, access road and pump station
Page 62 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

footprint is insignificant in comparison to the overall size of the watershed. No new impervious
surface will occur as a result of construction of the gravity collection pipelines.
7.2.2 Indirect Effects on Land Use
The various probable induced land -use impacts discussed in Section 5.2.2 can potentially result
in adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat. The most
likely induced land use impact is small -scale residential community and commercial
developments. This type of development can result in various adverse impacts to water quality,
such as sedimentation/erosion while the sites are being developed, increased stormwater impacts
from an overall increase in impervious surface area, and the potential for increases in point
source and non -point source pollution as the population expands and the watershed is developed.
While large -scale development of the area is not anticipated to occur, and thus large -scale water
quality degradation is not expected throughout the Nolichucky River Basin, the anticipated
small -scale development activities can cause localized water quality impacts, which in turn could
result in adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat. This is
especially true in areas which lack development controls. Quantifying the degree of indirect
water quality degradation is difficult to project and will be dependent on the location of the
future development activities, the amount of impervious surface area associated with future
development, and any stormwater and buffer controls that are put in place.
As noted, the wastewater management system the District will provide to the area doesn't
provide a large amount of capacity for new development. Other pressures on development exist
and the public sewer system is not expected to result in significant additional development
beyond that which would occur in any event. Upon evaluation of the proposed WWTP flows
and the amounts previously allocated to existing facilities, it is anticipated that the unallocated
capacity of the proposed system could support the construction of 75 to 150 new residential units
(or an equivalent number existing residences connected; an equivalent quantity of commercial or
industrial development; or a combination thereof) within the District boundary. The construction
of an additional 75 to 150 new homes or an equivalent amount of commercial or industrial
development, within the proposed District boundary is not considered to constitute a substantial
impact on the water quality of the watershed.
7.2.3 Potential for Toxic Spills
Accidental spills of raw wastewater in the collection system can occur during pipeline blockages
and or line breaks. The NCDENR issues all systems a Collection System Permit and system
owners are required to develop and maintain Response Action Plans and Contingency Plans for
critical elements of the collection system and to maintain accurate system maps and emergency
contact information. Development of this information is a requirement of the Collection System
Permit and will be completed upon completion of the project. Due to the relatively large amount
of drainage area relative to the small amount of wastewater flow, and the relatively long distance
from the collection system to the listed species, any impacts to accidental spills within the
collection system is anticipated to be relatively small.
Page 63 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Once the raw wastewater reaches the treatment plant, however, proximity to the listed species is
relatively close. All flow entering the South Toe River through the discharge is required to
comply with the NPDES discharge permit. Operations and maintenance plans for the completed
facility will outline the critical components of the treatment process and the procedures for
dealing with mechanical failures. State regulations require back -up mechanical equipment for all
major processes to allow the facility to continue to treat influent in the event of mechanical
failure. A back -up power generator is required at the treatment plant site as well as at the pump
station site to allow facility operations to continue for at least 24 hours in the event of a loss of
power. There is also telemetry and monitoring equipment with auto - dialers included in the plant
design to alert off -site personnel in the event of an emergency. All stormwater runoff from the
process areas, including areas where any type of process work may occur such as the area around
the sludge truck loading station, is diverted to a separate drainage system using curbs and sloped
surfaces. This specific component of site stormwater is then pumped into the treatment plant for
processing, thus minimizing the potential for impacts.
With regards to vehicular accidents occurring along the proposed access road and at the
treatment facility, this is a possibility. The access road does have a relatively straight alignment,
flat grade, and slow speed limit, all working together to minimize the chances of crashes. With
substantial storage volume for sludge at the plant, transportation of sludge can be scheduled to
avoid periods of inclement weather such as ice and snow. For these reasons, the chances of
catastrophic accidents at the site are relatively low. Should a spill occur on the access road, the
drainage system along the road will direct any runoff into relatively flat grassed roadside ditches,
slowing its progress to surface waters. Guard railing will be provided in the areas where a
vehicular accident may result in the most impact to the South Toe River.
The District has prepared a Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan to
address emergency spills of wastewater. A copy of this plan con be found in Appendix C.
7.3 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS - APPALACHIAN ELKTOE
Water service is planned for extension from the Town of Burnsville to the Micaville community
along US 19E. The extension of domestic potable water service could lead to development of
residential communities or commercial or industrial development. Due to the limited quantity of
sewer service within the area, however, the level of impact is unknown, but anticipated to be
minimal. Because of the realities of the limited wastewater service capacity to new
development, the availability of potable water is not expected to result in significant additional
development pressure.
Based on discussions with local officials, there are no known substantial development projects
planned along the action area.
The construction of residential, commercial or industrial developments has the potential to
adversely affect water quality in a variety of ways. Houses, driveways, and access roads increase
the amount of impervious surface area within a watershed. Applications of pesticide and
fertilizer to lawns can ultimately reach waters.
Page 64 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Other adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe population in the Nolichucky River Basin have
occurred in the past and will continue to occur. These types of impacts are difficult to identify or
quantify, but may include sedimentation/erosion impacts from agricultural and residential land
use; water quality impacts from agricultural and residential sources (fertilizers, pesticides, etc);
and impacts from recreational uses of the river (e.g. fisherman stepping on individual mussels,
using mussels as bait, and the riding of all terrain vehicles in river). All of these activities and
other unidentified actions could adversely impact individual mussels or habitat. Potential
impacts are expected to be localized and small in size and their cumulative effect is not likely to
be large enough to cause serious declines to the overall population.
The combined effect of past and future actions addressed above may lead to small, localized,
impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat. Improved land -use
practices, development controls, and protection of habitat could provide beneficial impacts that
would help offset adverse cumulative effects.
7.4 DIRECT IMPACTS - CRITICAL HABITAT
The only direct impact to the critical habitat of the Appalachian elktoe is the construction of the
proposed outfall line and diffuser. The temporary loss of habitat due to the construction of the
outfall is relatively small compared to the amount of available habitat occurring in the
Nolichucky Basin. This temporary loss of habitat is not expected to impact the Designated
Critical Habitat for the Appalachian elktoe to the point that conservation values are
compromised, nor will it eliminate the primary constituent elements from the impacted river
reaches. Because this component of the project has been carefully coordinated with the Service,
the agency has concurred with this impact, provided that the requirements for installation are
strictly followed, included a pre - construction mussel survey.
Project - related erosion and sedimentation coming from the multiple tributary crossings could
potentially impact the Designated Critical Habitat in the South Toe River. The potential for this
type of impact decreases with increasing distance of the tributary to the receiving river. These
impacts are also temporary and will result in the restoration of the stream bottom to as near as
possible to pre - construction conditions. Ongoing sedimentation impacts after construction are
not expected beyond those that existed prior to the installation of the crossing.
Erosion control standards will be strictly enforced by the District to ensure that these potential
impacts are minimal. The enforcement of the stringent erosion control measures proposed for
this project will minimize the potential for these impacts to occur.
7.5 INDIRECT IMPACTS - CRITICAL HABITAT
Indirect impacts to the Designated Critical Habitat for the Appalachian elktoe resulting from the
proposed action include possible water quality degradation from induced changes in land use in
the form of residential, commercial, and to a lesser extent industrial development projects.
These water quality impacts may compromise the primary constituent element of "clean" water
in localized areas within the Nolichucky Basin.
Page 65 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
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The other primary constituent elements of the Designated Critical Habitat within the action areas,
including stable streams and presence of fish host species, are not expected to be significantly
compromised by any indirect impacts associated with the proposed projects. The construction of
the project is not expected to result in significant channel instability, and thus habitat
degradation, over time. Likely fish host species for the Appalachian elktoe will not be
eliminated from the action area as a result of project- related indirect impacts.
7.6 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS - CRITICAL HABITAT
Future land -use impacts and infrastructure projects combined with the project - related projects
described above have the potential to impact the "clean water" constituent element of the
Designated Critical Habitat for the Appalachian elktoe to the point that conservation values are
compromised in localized areas. These localized areas are expected to be small relative to the
overall range of the Appalachian elktoe and will not extend into the majority of the areas
contained within the Nolichucky Basin.
7.7 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS: CONCLUSIONS
The proposed installation of the wastewater collection and treatment system discussed in this BA
may result in impacts to the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat in the South
Toe River watersheds. Appalachian elktoe individuals have been found in the vicinity of the
proposed WWTP both upstream and downstream of the proposed discharge point, thus there is a
potential for direct take of a few individuals. A significant number of measures have been
proposed to reduce these impacts.
There is a minor potential for indirect impacts in the form of water quality degradation resulting
from induced land development and associated increase in impervious surface area in the South
Toe River watershed occupied by the Appalachian elktoe. However, the existing level of
imperviousness in the South Toe River subbasin of 5.2 percent is below the 6 percent threshold
recommended by NCWRC ( NCWRC 2002) to maintain protected aquatic species habitats.
Additionally, the amount of additional development in these watersheds needed to raise the
percentage of imperviousness to the 6 percent threshold is not likely to occur. Cumulative
impacts to the species and its Designated Critical Habitat (as defined in Section 5.0 of this
report) could result in localized reduction/elimination of population numbers. Further measures
as described in Section 7.3 may be incorporated to help offset the magnitude of these potential
impacts to the Appalachian elktoe population.
Based upon the above information and the definitions as outlined in the Federal Guidance
Documents for the preparation of Biological Assessments, the proposed East Yancey Water and
Sewer District's wastewater collection and treatment system "may affect and is likely to
adversely affect" the Appalachian elktoe and its Designated Critical Habitat.
Page 66 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

8.0 OTHER FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES
The USFWS maintains a list of Federally Protected Species occurrences for each county in North
Carolina (http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/cntylist/yancey.html acey.html) which was accessed on
August 8, 2013. The species lists for Yancey County was last updated on December 26, 2012.
There are a total of 40 species listed for Yancey County (Table 8 -1).
Table 8 -1 - Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Federal Species of Concern, and Candidate
Species, Yancey County, North Carolina
Common Name
Scientific name
Federal
Status
Record
Status
Vertebrate:
Allegheny woodrat
Neotoma magister
FSC
Current
Appalachian cottontail
Sylvilagus obscurus
FSC
Current
Blotchside logperch
Percina burtoni
FSC
Current
Bog turtle
Clemmys muhlenbergii
T (S /A)
Current
Carolina northern flying squirrel
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
E
Current
Eastern small- footed bat
Myotis leibii
FSC
Current
Hellbender
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
FSC
Current
Mountain blotched chub
Erimystax insignis eristigma
FSC
Obscure
Northern saw -whet owl
(Southern Appalachian
population)
Aegolius acadicus pop. I
FSC
Current
Olive darter
Percina squamata
FSC
Current
Olive -sided flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
FSC
Current
Pygmy salamander
Desmognathus wrighti
FSC
Current
Red crossbill (Southern
Appalachian)
Loxia curvirostra
FSC
Current
Sharphead darter
Etheostoma acuticeps
FSC
Current
Southern Appalachian black-
capped chickadee
Poecile atricapillus practicus
FSC
Historic
Southern rock vole
Microtus chrotorrhinus
carolinensis
FSC
Current
Virginia big -eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
virginianus
E
Current
Yellow - bellied sapsucker
(Southern Appalachian
population)
Sphyrapicus varius appalachiensis
FSC
Current
Invertebrate:
Appalachian elktoe
Alasmidonta raveneliana
E
Current
Fragile supercoil
Glyphyalinia clingmani
FSC
Current
Roan supercoil
Paravitrea varidens
FSC
Obscure
Spruce -fir moss spider
Microhexura montivaga
E
Current
Yancey sideswimmer
Stygobromus carolinensis
FSC
Obscure
Page 67 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

a harvestman
Fumontana deprehendor
FSC
Current
Vascular Plant:
Butternut
Juglans cinerea
FSC
Current
Cain's reedgrass
Calamagrostis cainii
FSC
Current
Cuthbert turtlehead
Chelone cuthbertii
FSC
Current
Darlington's spurge
Euphorbia purpurea
FSC
Current
Fraser fir
Abies fraseri
FSC
Current
Gray's lily
Lilium grayi
FSC
Current
Gray's saxifrage
Saxifraga caroliniana
FSC
Current
Mountain bitter cress
Cardamine clematitis
FSC
Historic
Mountain catchfly
Silene ovata
FSC
Current
Roan mountain bluet
Hedyotis purpurea var. montana
E
Current
Spreading avens
Geum radiatum
E
Current
Virginia spiraea
Spiraea virginiana
T
Current
Nonvascular Plant:
a liverwort
Sphenolobopsis pearsonii
FSC
Current
a liverwort
Plagiochila sharpii
FSC
Historic
a liverwort
Plagiochila sullivantii var.
sullivantii
FSC
Historic
Lichen:
Rock gnome lichen
Gymnoderma lineare
E
Current
Definitions of Federal Status Codes:
E Endangered. A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of
its range ".
T Threatened. A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future
throughout all or a significant portion of its range ".
C Candidate. A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient
information to support listing. (Formerly "C1" candidate species.)
BGPA Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.
FSC Federal species of concern. A species under consideration for listing, for which there is
insufficient information to support listing at this time. These species may or may not be
listed in the future, and many of these species were formerly recognized as "C2"
candidate species.
T(S /A) Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance. A taxon that is threatened due to similarity
of appearance with another listed species and is listed for its protection. Taxa listed as
T(S /A) are not biologically endangered or threatened and are not subject to Section 7
consultation. See below.
EXP Experimental Population. A taxon listed as experimental (either essential or
nonessential). Experimental, nonessential populations of endangered species (e.g., red
wolf) are treated as threatened species on public land, for consultation purposes, and as
species proposed for listing on private land.
P Proposed. Taxa proposed for official listing as endangered or threatened will be noted as
"PE" or "PT ", respectively.
Page 68 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Definitions of Record Status:
Current The species has been observed in the county within the last 50 years.
Historic The species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
Obscure The date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
Incidental /migrant the species was observed outside of its normal range or habitat.
Probable /potential the species is considered likely to occur in this county based on the
proximity of known records (in adjacent counties), the presence of
potentially suitable habitat, or both.
The proposed project may result in adverse impacts to the Appalachian elktoe. These likely
impacts were discussed in previous sections. The other 39 species are not expected to be
adversely impacted by the proposed action.
Page 69 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

9.0 LITERATURE CITED
Alderman, J.M. 1997. Monitoring the Swift Creek freshwater mussel community. Pages 98 -107
in K.S. Cummings, A.C. Buchanan, C.A. Mayer, and T.J. Naimo, eds. 1997.
Conservation and Management of Freshwater Mussels II: Initiatives for the future.
Proceedings of a UMRCC symposium, 16 -18 October 1995, St. Louis, Missouri. Upper
Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island Illinois. 293 pp.
Allan, C.1 2005 (draft final). Water Quality and Stream Stability Monitoring for Goose Creek,
Mecklenburg and Union Counties, North Carolina, 2001 -2003. Department of Geography
and Earth Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC.
Booth, D. B. 2000. Forest Cover, Impervious- Surface Area, and the Mitigation of Urbanization
Impacts in King County, Washington. Prepared for King County Water and Land
Resources Division. Seattle, Washington.
Clarke, A. H. 1981. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae), Part I: Pegias,
Alasmidonta, and Arcidens. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, (326), 101 pp.
Clotfelter ED, Bell AM, and Levering KR. 2004. The role of animal behavior in the study of
endocrine - disrupting chemicals. Animal Behavior. 68(4):665 -676.
Crawford, J. K. and D. R Lenat. 1989. Effects ofLand Use on the Water Quality andBiota of
Three Streams in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina. Prepared for US Geological
Survey. Water- Resources Investigations Report 89 -4007.
Finley, S.M. and G.K. Young. 1993. Grassy Swales to Control Runoff. Pp. 71 -77 in
Transportation Research Board. 1993. 1420: Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Water QuaJity.
TRB National Research Council Wash. D.C. 83 pp.
Fraley, S.J., and J.W. Simmons. 2004. A Preliminary Report on Cooperative Mussel Surveys in
the Upper Nolichucky River Basin in Western North Carolina, 200 -2003. Draft Report,
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, NC. 3 pp.
Garie, H. L. and A. McIntosh. 1986. Distribution of benthic macro invertebrates in a stream
exposed to urban runoff. Water Resources Bulletin 22 (3):447 -455.
Gilbert, O.L. 1989. The ecology ofurban habitats. Chapman and Hall, London, 369.
Gordon, M. E. 1991. Species accounts for Cumberland elktoe ( Alasmidonta atropurpurea),
oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma
brevidens), purple bean (Villosa perpurpurea), and rough rabbitsfoot (Quadrula
cylindrica strigillata). Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy, Boston. 75 pp.
HNTB North Carolina, 2004. Qualitative Indirect and Cumulative Effects Assessment US
19/19E Widening, TIP R- 2518/R -2519.
Page 70 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Lenat, D.R, D.L. Penrose, and K.W. Eagleson. 1979. Biological evaluation of non -point source
pollutants in North Carolina streams and rivers. Biological Series Number 102.
Department ofNatural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Lieb, D. A. 1998. The effects ofurban runoff on the benthic macro invertebrate community of
Thompson Run, Centre County, Pennsylvania. Masters of Science Thesis Pennsylvania
State University, 130pp.
Martinovic, D., P.W. Sorensen and H.L. Schoenfuss. 2003. Low levels of water -borne estrogen
suppress androgen levels and the ability to male fathead minnow to reproduce in
competitive spawning scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on
Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, R. Masters (ed.),
Minneapolis, MN, March 19 -21, 2003, pp. 125 -133.
May, C. W., R. R. Horner, J. R. Karr, B. W. Mar, and E. B. Welch. 1997. Effects of Urbanization
on Small Streams in the Puget Sound Lowland Ecoregion. Watershed Protection
Techniques Vol. 2, No. 4.
Mason, C.F. 1991. Biology of Freshwater Pollution. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New York, NY.
NCDENR NPDES Wastewater Permitting & Compliance Program. (June 13, 2013). Retrieved
from: hqp: / /portal.ncdenr.org /web /wq /swp /ps /npdes
NCDENR- Division of Parks and Recreation. 2005. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Biennial Protection Plan, Natural Heritage Areas Priority List, Raleigh Dept. of
Environment Health and Natural Resources, 115 pp.
NCDENR- Division of Water Quality. 2008. Basinwide Assessment Report. Environmental
Sciences Section, Raleigh, North Carolina, 147pp.
NCDOT 2001. State Environmental Assessment, US 191US 19E, TIP Projects R -2518 A, R,.
2518B and R- 2519A.
NCDOT 2007. Indirect and cumulative effects report, US 19/19E improvements from Mars Hill
to Spruce Pine Madison, Yancey, and Mitchell Counties, TIP Project R- 2518/R,251944
pp-
NC State Cooperative Extension. 2006a. http: / /www.bae.nesu .eduitopicibmp- temperatureL)
NC State Cooperative Extension. 2006b.
http: / /www.bae.ncsu. eduistormwaterIPublicationFiles /Bioretention2006.pdf
NCWRC. 2002. Guidance memorandum to address and mitigate secondary and cumulative
impacts to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife resources and water quality. NC Wildlife
Resource Commission.
Page 71 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

Neves, R.I., and J.C. Widlak. 1987. Habitat ecology of juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia:
Unionidae) in a headwater stream in Virginia. Amer. Malacol. Bull. 1(5):1 -7.
North Carolina Streamstats. (January 17, 2013). Retrieved from
http://streamstats.usgs.gov/north carolina.html
O'Neill, C.R., Jr., and D.E. MacNeill. 1991. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): an
unwelcome North American invader. Sea Grant, Coastal Resources Fact Sheet. New
York Sea Grant Extension. 12 pp.
Poole, G., J. Risley and M. Hicks. 2001. Spatial and temporal patterns of stream temperature
(revised) Issue Paper 3, prepared as part of EPA Region 10 Temperature Water Quality
Criteria Project.
Roa- Espinosa, A., T.B. Wilson, J.M. Norman and K. Johnson. 2003. Predicting the impact of
urban development on stream temperature using a thermal urban runoff model (TURM).
Pp 369 -389 in Proceedings of National Conference Urban Stormwater: Enhancing
programs at the local level, Chicago, Ill.,17 -20 -Feb. 2003. US EPA National Risk
Management Laboratory, Cincinnati OH.
Servos, M.R. 1999. Review of aquatic toxicity, estrogen responses, and bioaccumulation of
alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates. Water Qual. Research Journal of Canada:
34:123 -177.
Sweeny, B.W., T.L. Bott, J.K. Jackson, L.A. Kaplan, J.D. Newbold, L.J. Standley, W.C.
Hession, and RJ. Horwitz. 2004. Riparian deforestation, stream narrowing, and loss of
stream ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States ofAmerica 101 (39) 14132- 14137.
Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) Recovery Plan.
Atlanta, Georgia, 30 pp
Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Designation of
Critical Habitat for the Appalachian Elktoe. CFR, Vol. 67, No. 188.
Ternes T.A., J Stuber, N. Herrmann, D. McDowell, A. Ried, M. Kampmann and B. Tieser. 2003.
Ozonation: a tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances
from wastewater? Water Res. 37:1976 -1982.
Tutwiler, Michael and Clark, Paul. April 2011. French Broad River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan. NCDENR -DWQ, Raleigh, NC.
USFWS and NMFS. 1998. Final ESA Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting
Section 7 Consultations and Conferences. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National
Marine Fisheries Service, Washington D.C. March 1998.
Page 72 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

World Health Organization, 1998. Environmental Health Criteria 200, Copper. Geneva,
Switzerland.
Page 73 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

APPENDIX A
Mussel Survey for Appalachian Elktoe at EYWSD WWTP Site - South Toe River
Page 74 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

APPALACHIAN ELKTOE (ALASMIDONTA RAVENELIANA) SURVEY ON THE
PROPOSED MICAVILLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT SITE
SOUTH TOE RIVER
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for:
McGill Associates
55 Broad St.
Asheville, NC 28801
Prepared by:
John L. Boaze, Senior Biologist
Fish and Wildlife Associates, Inc.
P. O. Box 241
Whittier, NC 28789
July 5, 2006

Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) survey on the
PROPOSED MICAVILLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT SITE
SOUTH TOE RIVER,
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
As a Special Condition A (2) of NPDES Permit No. NCO087891 issued to Yancey
County, the pennittee was required to conduct a site - specific survey for the Appalachian
elktoe mussel in the vicinity of the proposed wastewater treatment plant (Figure 1). This
federally endangered mussel, Alasmidonta raveneliana, has been recorded from the South
Toe River near the project site. This survey will be used to coordinate the exact location
of the outfall pipe, in order to minimize direct impacts to this species.
The Appalachian elktoe may typically be found living in sand and gravel substrate
between cobble and boulder, and under flat rocks, usually in moderate current at depths
of less than three feet. The known host for the Appalachian elktoe includes, but may not
be limited to,
Banded darter
Etheostoma zonale
Wounded darter
Etheostoma vulneratum
Gilt darter
Percina evides
Tangerine darter
Percina aurantiaca
Greenside darter
Etheostoma blennioides
Olive darter
Percina squamata
River redhorse
Moxostoma carinatum
Sicklefin redhorse
Moxostoma sp.
Northern hog sucker
Hypentelium nigricans
Warpaint shiner
Luxilus coccogenis
Mottled sculpin
Cottus bairdi
Rock bass
Amploplites rupestris
River chub
Mocomis micropogon
Central stoneroller
Campostoma anomalum
Longnose dace
Rhinichthys cataractae
Rosyside dace
Clinostoma funduloides
Mirror shiner
Notropis spectrunculus
Tennessee shiner
Notropis leuciodus

METHODS
On June 21, 2006, John Boaze, Senior Biologist, Fish and Wildlife Associates, Mark Cantrell,
Fish and Wildlife Biologist, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wendell Pennington, Joel
Worshem, and Jared Durrett, Biologists, Pennington and Associates, Inc. conducted the mussel
survey on the South Toe River. Approximately 6 man -hours of survey time were devoted to
searching this section of stream. All stream habitats within the vicinity of the proposed
wastewater treatment plant were searched by snorkeling. The width of the river at the study site
was determined to be approximately 73 feet. An area covering about 234 feet (3X river width)
above the project upstream limits and 314 feet (below the downstream limits were searched to
determine the presence of the elktoe (Figure 2). A habitat map of the river was constructed as
the survey progressed and all live specimens were recorded in relation to the proposed location
of the outfall pipe.
Following a meeting on June 2, 2006 between McGill Associates, Fish and Wildlife Associates,
Inc., the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission,
a dye study was agreed to by all parties. The purpose of this study was to determine the flow
pattern of the effluent released at a given point from the proposed wastewater treatment plant.
RESULTS -DYE STUDY
Figures show the dye from the approximate location, at mid -point in the stream, of the out
outfall pipe. This location is downstream of one (1) of the Appalachian elktoe specimens, and
upstream of the other one (Figure 2). Within approximately 100 -feet of the proposed discharge
point, the dye had covered nearly the entire width of the river (Figures3 -a -d)
RESULTS- MUSSEL SURVEY
Sampling conditions were ideal for the mussel study. The water was clear and the flow of the
South Toe River was low, although not measured, the USGS gage at Celo was at approximately
35 cfs (43.3 square mile drainage area).
Only two (2) live Appalachian elktoe mussels were found. Their locations are plotted with
regard to the proposed outfall pipe (Figures 3 -6) also, four (4) relic (dead) elktoe shells were
found either in the river or on the shore.
CONCLUSION
The proposed location of the outfall should be in mid- channel, where the greatest mixing occurs
during lowest flows. The best configuration of the outfall should be a single, simple diffuser
angled slightly downstream. This location and configuration, along with the use of UV light as a
disinfectant and tertiary treatment of the wastewater, should protect the Appalachian elktoe
mussel population in the project area.

REVIEW AND CONCURRENCE
A review of this report by Steve Fraley, Aquatic Non -game Biologist, NC Wildlife Resources
Commission and Mark Cantrell, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Asheville, NC concurred with these recommendations (Copy of concurrence attached).

Looks OK tome. Thanks,
Steve Fraley
Aquatic Non -game Coordinator, Western Region
NCWRC
50 Trillium Way
Clyde, NC 28721
Home /office: 828 - 627 -8414
Cell: 828 -442 -3744
-- Original Message---- -
From: John Boaze [mailto:john.fwa @dnet.net]
Sent~ Monday, June 26, 2006 9:55 AM
To: Steve Fraley
Subject: [Fwd: [Fwd: [Fwd: draft Micaville]]]
Original Message
Subject: [Fwd: [Fwd: draft Micaville]]
Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 09:39:25 -0400
From: John Boaze <iohn.fwa @dnet.net>
To: Stephen J. Fraley <FraleySJ@a,brinet.com >, David McHenry
<david.mchenty a,ncwildlife.org>>
Attached for your review are the results of the Micaville WWTP mussel survey report.
The Word document is my expansion of Mark's PDF file report. Please review and if you
have any comments, let me know. I would like to finish this task in the next week or so.
Original Message -- - - - - --
Subject: [Fwd: draft Micaville]
Date: Fri, 23 Jun 2006 09:31:05 -0400
From: Fish and Wildlife Associates <[e-mail]>
To: John Boaze <john.fwa c ,dnet.net>

Figure 1. Location map of survey area and proposed waste water treatment plant at South
Toe River, Yancey Co., NC
`; ��' to •� ---�" �. -- rte;;,✓ y�� � � , ��
. 1M
I )} h
emu, y` �� � ■ '`�-� )r �`�� :� /
ter_+ (7:>�

Figure 2. Survey area and locations of Appalachian elktoe specimens, proposed
wastewater treatment plant and outfall.
'
r
s
40
ri
s
-
t'•Jr ,._..
Kit '#
�.
Direction of streamflow
O
Appalachian elktoe
-
Discharge point (proposed)
FWastewater
3
treatment plant (proposed)
Nea surveyed

Figure 3 (a-d). Dye test photographs.

s.��
' i,,,

Figure 4. Looking upstream (uppermost extent of survey area extended from just above
boulder at Left bank (right side of photograph).
Figure 5. Looking downstream (lowermost extent of survey area extended to just
downstream of midstream bedrock outcrop (left side of photograph).

Figure 6. Looking downstream (lowermost extent of survey area extended to just
downstream of midstream bedrock outcrop (left side of photograph).

MUSSEL SURVEY
FOR APPALACHIAN ELKTOE (A lasm idon to raven elian a)
AT PROPOSED MICAVILLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
SOUTH TOE RIVER
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared for
McGill Associates P.A.
Asheville, North Carolina
Prepared by
Fish and Wildlife Associates, Inc.
Whittier, North Carolina
February 2011

MUSSEL SURVEY
FOR APPALACHIAN ELKTOE (A lasm idon to raven elian a)
AT PROPOSED MICAVILLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
SOUTH TOE RIVER
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Introduction
A survey for Alasmidonta raveneliana was conducted for the proposed Micaville
Wastewater Treatment Plant in June 2006 as required by the NPDES permit. In 2011, an
updated survey was required by the Fish and Wildlife Service prior to construction of the
wastewater treatment plant outfall in the South Toe River.
The Appalachian elktoe mussel was listed as federally endangered in November 1994.
Endemic to the upper Tennessee River system, its once wide range in the rivers of eastern
Tennesse and western North Carolina has shrunk to approximately six disjunct areas in
the Cheoah River, Little Tennessee River, Tuckasegee River, Pigeon River, Little River,
Nolichucky River, Toe River, and Cane River. A variety of fishes may serve as host for
the elktoe including darters, redhorse, suckers, shiner, sculpin, dace, stoneroller, etc.
Habitat for the Appalachian elktoe is also variable as they can be found in sand and
gravel substrate, under flat rocks, in crevices of bedrock, and occasionally in pools and
fans below boulders. They are usually in moderate current at depths of less than three
feet. This species is a late winter /early spring breeder.
Methods
On February 17, 2011, the following personnel participated in the mussel survey on the
South Toe River:
Ben Laseter
Wendell Pennington
Joel Worsham
Jason Wilton
Mark Cantrell
Jason Mays
Forrest Westall
Fish and Wildlife Associates, Inc.
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
Pennington and Associates, Inc.
US Fish and Wildlife Service
US Fish and Wildlife Service
McGill and Associates, P.A.
Figure 1 shows the general vicinity of the project. The width of the river at the study site
was determined to be approximately 73 feet. An area covering 73 feet (one river width)
above the proposed outfall structure and 219 feet (three river widths) below the proposed
outfall structure was searched to determine the presence of Appalachian elktoe
(Alasmidonta raveneliana). Because the survey was conducted in the winter, the mussels
were more vulnerable to disturbance that could potentially harm individuals or negatively
affect the reproductive cycle. Therefore, it was decided that no mussels would be

removed from the substrate unless identification required such disturbance, and then only
at the concurrence of Mark Cantrell that it was necessary. No grubbing was conducted.
Relic shells were examined for identification and condition, and were either left in the
river or were kept by US Fish and Wildlife Service personnel.
Approximately 9 man -hours of survey time were devoted to searching this section of
stream. All stream habitats within the vicinity of the proposed wastewater treatment plan
were searched via snorkeling and view buckets. All live specimens and relics were
recorded in relation to the proposed location of the outfall pipe (see Figures 2a and 2b).
A search along the stream banks was also conducted to locate any middens or signs of
wildlife feeding on mussels.
Results and Discussion
During the survey, conditions were sunny, wind was calm, air temperature ranged from
39 to 59 degrees Fahrenheit, water temperature was approximately 40 degrees
Fahrenheit. The water was clear and the flow of the South Toe River was steady at
approximately 59 cfs as recorded at the USGS gage at Celo (43.3 square mile drainage
area).
Sixteen (16) live Appalachian elktoe mussels and five (5) relic shells were found. Their
locations are shown in Figures 2a and 2b. The mussels were distributed throughout the
entire reach that was surveyed. Two live specimens and two relic shells were found in
relatively loose cobble and sand substrate in the general area of the proposed outfall.
Figure 2b shows specifically the relation of the mussels and relics found in the general
area of the proposed outfall location. The outside bend below the proposed outfall is
approximately 6 feet deep, but mussels were found in this area as well. The bedrock
shelves below the bend break the flow into multiple chutes as the water tumbles through
crevices and drops into small pools. The largest concentration of individuals was just
below a small bedrock pourover where water recirculated and sand and gravel had
accumulated. Eight (8) live specimens were observed in this location.
Photographs of the survey area are included as Figures 3 -6.
Age distribution of the mussels was not recorded in detail, as the mussels were not
removed from the substrate for measurement. Most of the live mussels appeared to be
mature adults. Two live mussels were removed from the substrate for closer inspection;
these two were adults but probably less than 3 years of age. One large relic shell was
noted while the other four were younger, smaller specimens. The June 2006 survey
yielded 2 live specimens, whereas the February 2011 survey yielded 16 live specimens.
Conclusion
Consistent with the recommendations included in the 2006 survey report, the location of
the outfall should be mid - channel, where the greatest mixing occurs during the lowest
flows. The results of the current study did not indicate that the proposed location of the

outfall should be changed. The proposed location of the outfall is shown in Figures 2a
and 2b. The best configuration of the outfall should be a single, simple diffuser angled
slightly downstream. This location and configuration, along with the use of UV light as a
disinfectant and tertiary treatment of the wastewater, should protect the Appalachian
elktoe mussel population in the project area.

J y 1
F�
,w
i
r
If I
' I
r
0
fl
ik-
1
1p
Figure 1. Vicinity Map of Micaville Wastewater Treatment 370185 0
Plant outfall and mussel survey reach on South Toe River,
Yancey County, NC.
Legend
G Outfall
I! i
El WWTP
,^+ Survey Limits
370 740 1,110 1,480
Feet

Proposed Outf
(approx. N35.91916,
Live Elktoe
Relic Elktoe
Figure 2a. Survey area and locations of Appalachian elktoe specimens, proposed
wastewater treatment plant outfall.

Approx. Scale
25'
River width = 73'
13'x►
15'
Proposed Outfall
(approx. N35.91916, W82.20713)
Live Elktoe Flow
Relic Elktoe 0
Figure 2b. Detail of proposed outfall location relative to live Appalachian elktoe
specimens and relic shells found during February 2011 survey.

Figure 3. Facing upstream (uppermost extent of survey area marked by yellow flags on
Left bank (right side of photograph). Photograph taken near approximate location of
proposed outfall.
Figure 4. Facing downstream, photograph taken near approximate location of proposed
outfall.

Figure 5. Location of eight live Appalachian elktoes (area downstream of small
pourover, between the two standing investigators). Photograph taken approximately 95
feet downstream of proposed outfall.
Figure 6. Facing downstream, lower portion of surveyed reach.

APPENDIX B
NPDES Permit for the EYWSD South Toe River Discharge
Page 94 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

-G7-2,
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resourcess
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Coleen H. Sullins Dee Freeman
Governor Director Secretary
June 2, 2011
Nathan Bennett
County Manager
Yancey County Court House
110 Town Square, Room 11
Burnsville, NC 28714
Subject: Issuance of Renewal Permit
NPDES Permit NCO087891
South Toe River WWTP
Facility Class II
Yancey County
Dear Mr. Bennett:
During the public comment period for this draft NPDES permit renewal, the Division received
comments from the Southern Environmental Law Center on behalf of the Western Carolina Alliance and the
French Broad Riverkeeper, from US Fish and Wildlife Service, from the NC Wildlife Resources Commission,
and from Starli McDowell with Toe River Valley Watch.
In addition, as part of the 404 Certification renewal process for the proposed wastewater treatment plant
outfall construction, US Fish and Wildlife Service supervised a new mussel survey. The US Army Corp of
Engineers subsequently approved the 404 Certification renewal in April 2011 and incorporated the US Fish and
Wildlife Service survey recommendations. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, in a letter dated April 5, 2011 to
the US Army Corp of Engineers, concluded that the proposed wastewater plant construction project may affect,
but not likely to adversely affect, the Appalachian Elktoe Mussel and that any take would be discountable and
insignificant.
The Division has expanded the final permit ammonia as nitrogen monitoring to follow the US Fish and
Wildlife Service and North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission recommendations. Both US Fish and
Wildlife Service and North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission requested access to the NPDES permit
reported data. This data is public information and is readily obtained by either contacting the Division's Central
Files in Raleigh or contacting the Asheville Regional Office /Surface Water Protection.
Page 1 of 3
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699 -1617
Location: 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: 919 - 807 -63001 FAX: 919 - 807 -64921 Customer Service: 1- 877 - 623 -6748
Internet: www.ncwaterquality.org
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer
NorthCarolina
;Vatura!!y

Division personnel have reviewed all comments and recommendations concerning this draft
NPDES permit, and approved your application for renewal of the subject permit. Accordingly, we are
forwarding the attached NPDES discharge permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North
Carolina General Statute 143 -215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency dated October 15, 2007 (or as subsequently amended).
Summary of Changes in Renewal Permit from Existing g ermit
1) Total Residual Chlorine monitoring and effluent limit were replaced with a conditional narrative since
the facility uses UV disinfection and has stand by power.
2) Effluent Sheet A. (1) narrative was revised to include receipt of Authorization to Construct, submittal of
Engineer Certificate, and proposed diffuser reference.
3) Supplemental to Permit Cover Sheet narrative was revised to include component list of proposed
treatment equipment.
4) Special Condition A. (2) Outfall Survey requirement was completed, removed no longer applicable.
Changes in Final Permit from Draft Permit based on comments received
5) Effluent Ammonia monitoring frequency was increased to weekly.
6) Instream Ammonia monitoring was expanded to year round with seasonal monitoring frequencies.
Summer is defined as April I — October 31, sample frequency is weekly. Winter is defined as November
I — March 31, sample frequency is 2 /month. A narrative footnote establishing sampling protocol was
added.
7) A conditional narrative for requesting summer monitoring frequency reduction to 2 /month after 2 years
of data have been reported and if no impact to the mussels is shown was added.
8) Instream sample location narrative was amended to state approximately 25 ft to provide better align
and flexibility with stream configuration and last survey listed mussels location.
9) Special Condition A. (2) (former Special Condition A. (3)) Ammonia Reopener narrative was amended
to include additional action if instream Ammonia concentration exceeds criteria to protect mussels and
this discharge is the identified source.
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit are
unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days
following receipt of this letter. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter
15013 of the North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings (6714 Mail
Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699 - 6714). Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final
and binding.
Please note that this permit is not transferable except after notice to the Division. The Division may
require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit. This permit does not affect the legal
requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the Division of Water Quality or permits
required by the Division of Land Resources, the Coastal Area Management Act or any other federal or local
governmental permits that may be required.
Page 2 of 3

If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Ron Berry at telephone number (919)
807 -6396 or at email ron.berry @ncdenr.gov.
Sincerely,
1
oleen H. Sullins
Attachments
Cc: Asheville Regional Office /Surface Water Protection Section (revised fact sheet)
McGill Associates, P.A. (email)
David Honeycutt, PE email: davidh @mcgillengineers.com
Southern Environmental Law Center (email)
DJ Gerken email: djgerken @selcnc.org
US Fish and Wildlife Service (email)
Bryan Tompkins email: Bryan_Tompkins @fws.gov
NC Wildlife Resources Commission (email)
David McHenry email: david.mchenry @ncwildlife.org
Toe River Valley Watch (email)
Starli McDowell email: starsledge @aol.com
Central Files
NPDES Unit
Page 3 of 3

Permit NC0087891
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143 - 215.1, other lawful standards and
regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission,
and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,.
East Yancey Water & Sewer District
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at
South Toe River WWTP
Wyatt Town Road
Micaville, North Carolina
Yancey County
to receiving waters designated as South Toe River in the French Broad River Basin in accordance with
effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts I, II, III, and IV
hereof.
The permit shall become effective July 1, 2011.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on February 29, 2016.
Signed this day June 2, 2011.
CAaXen H. Sullins, Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

Permit NCO087891
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
All previous NPDES Permits issued to this facility, whether for operation or discharge are hereby
revoked. As of this permit issuance, any previously issued permit bearing this number is no longer
effective. Therefore, the exclusive authority to operate and discharge from this facility arises under the
permit conditions, requirements, terms, and provisions included herein.
East Yancey Water & Sewer District
is hereby authorized to:
After receiving an Authorization, construct a 0.125 MGD wastewater treatment plant consisting
of:
- Bar screen
- Influent composite sampler
- Two (2) 115,000 gallon Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) systems
- One (1) 26,000 gallon post equalization basin
- Two (2) tertiary filter systems
- UV disinfection system
- Effluent flow meter with recorder
- Effluent composite sampler
- 12 port diffuser system
- One (1) 63,000 gallon digester
- Sludge truck load out station
- Stand by generator
The facility shall be located at the South Toe River WWTP on Wyatt Town Road, Micaville, Yancey
County, and;
2. Discharge from said treatment works (via Outfall 001) into the South Toe River, a Class C -Trout
water in the French Broad River Basin, at the location specified on the attached map.

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r ' I�'e '�~ j� ! ► }:.; NCO087891
L strea m, _ Diffuser
T
ample f '
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.�+,__•�' -_ k ,r _ I e •'�'N ��4 " 1ILf
USGS Quad: D10NW Micaville, NC
Outfall Facility
Latitude: 350 55` 8.8" N 350 55` 6" N
Longitude: 82° 12' 26.2" W 820 12'29" W
Stream Class: C, Trout
Subbasin:04 -03 -06 HUC:06010108
Receiving Stream: South Toe River
North I Facility Location
South Toe River WWTP NC0087891
Yancey County

Permit NCO087891
A. (1) EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Beginning on the effective date of this permit, after receipt of the Authorization to Construct and
submittal of the Engineer Certificate, and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge
treated wastewater through a diffuser from Outfall 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored
by the Permittee as specified below:
EFFLUENT
CHARACTERISTICS
EFFLUENT LIMITS
MONITORING
REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Average
Measurement
Frequency
Sample
Type
Sample 1
Location
Flow
0.125 MGD
Continuous
Recording
I or E
BOD, 5 -day, 20 °C 2
3 0. 0 mg /l
45.0 mg /l
Weekly
Composite
E, I
Total Suspended Solids 2 (TSS)
30.0 mg /l
45.0 mg/l
Weekly
Composite
E, I
Fecal Coliform
(geometric mean)
200/100 ml
400/100 ml
Weekly
Grab
E
pH
Not less than 6.0 S.U. nor
greater than 9.0 S.U.
Weekly
Grab
E
Temperature, °C
Weekly
Grab
E
NH3 as N, mg /l
Weekly
Composite
E
NH3 as N, m /1
(April 1 — Oc�ober 31)
Weekly
Grab
U, D
NH3 as N, mg /1
(November 1 — March 31)
2 /Month
Grab
U, D
Dissolved Oxygen, mg /l (DO)
Weekly
Grab
E
Total rogNn, mg/1(TN)
TN = 02- + 03 -N + TKN
Semi- Annual
Composite
E
Total Phosphorus, mg /1(TP)
Semi - Annual
Composite
E
Notes:
1. Sample locations: E- Effluent, I- Influent, U- 25 feet approximately upstream of diffuser, D-
approximately 25 feet downstream of diffuser.
2. The monthly average effluent BOD5 and TSS concentrations shall not exceed 15% of the respective
influent value (85% removal).
3. Samples shall be collected at approximately the same time, allowing for time to move between
sample locations.
4. The Permittee may request reduced instream NH3 -N summer (April 1 — October 31) monitoring to
2 /Month after 2 full years, if downstream data shows instream ammonia levels are protective of
mussels, or if the WWTP discharge shows no increase between upstream /downstream ammonia
concentrations.
If chlorine or a chlorine disinfectant derivative are used then a Total Chlorine Residual limit of 28 µg /l
limit shall go into effect. The Asheville Regional Office /Surface Water Protection must be contacted
during normal business hours and alerted when chlorine or a chlorine disinfectant derivative are used.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.

Permit NC0087891
A. (2) AMMONIA REOPENER
The Division may re -open and modify this permit if required in the event that the Division:
o Adopts new freshwater quality standards for ammonia.
o Develops a site - specific management strategy pursuant to T15A NCAC 2B .0110 in order to
protect endangered or threatened aquatic species in the receiving water.
If instream monitoring indicates ammonia concentrations are above protective concentrations for mussels
and the WWTP is identified as the cause, the Permittee will be required to evaluate options to reduce
effluent ammonia concentrations (including outfall redesign), and report to the Division within 120 days
of notification by the Division.

APPENDIX C
EYWSD Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan
Page 112 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

EAST YANCEY WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT
SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW AND WASTEWATER SPILLAGE
RESPONSE PLAN
1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION
The purpose of this Sanitary Sewer Overflow and Wastewater Spillage Response Plan is to
protect the citizens and the environment within Yancey County's East Yancey Water and Sewer
District ( EYWSD) to be compliant with the NCDENR - Division of Water Quality regulations.
It also serves as a compliance document for Yancey County's water quality permits for sewer
lines, pump stations, and its NPDES permit #NC0087891 for the Wastewater Treatment Plant by
establishing written procedures and guidelines for responding to sanitary sewer overflows and
wastewater spills.
The EYWSD has approximately 6.5 miles of gravity sewer line, one(1) 321 gpm @ 52 feet of
head influent pump station, and a 125,000 gallon per day Sequencing Batch Reactor wastewater
treatment plant. The influent pump station and wastewater treatment plant are both equipped
with back -up power generation equipment, telemetry systems, and emergency auto - dialers to
alert personnel in the event of an equipment malfunction.
Operation of all facilities is assigned to the Town of Burnsville under an operations contract.
As required by the District's Collection System Permit, at least 10 percent of the District's
collection system must be visually inspected and cleaned per year, and the main pump station is
inspected as required by NCDENR regulations. The purpose of the check is to make sure that
the pumps and controls are operating properly and to perform preventative maintenance. The
District budgets for the inspection of sewer lines, right of way maintenance, cleaning of sewer
lines, pump station back -up equipment tests, and pump station inspections.
Private firms are under contract for most of the maintenance, repair, and upkeep of the East
Yancey Water and Sewer District system. The Town, through its contract with the District does
inspect and evaluate the operations of the system facilities.
Page 1 of 7

2.0 SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOW FIRST ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING
PROCEDURE
Any wastewater spill is considered a Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) and must be reported to the
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Division of Water Quality)
immediately (or within 24 hours of first knowledge of) if:
A. The spill reaches surface waters (for example, any spill that reaches any water already
present in conveyance, stream, ditch, etc.)
B. Spills greater than 1,000 gallons on the ground regardless of whether they are contained.
Any wastewater spill must be reported to:
NCDENR
2090 US Highway 70
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
In the event that a wastewater spill reaches any surface water, further notification should be
made to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service within 24 hours of the spill:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Telephone: [phone]
When a report of a Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) is received from the public or other
governmental agency duringreular business hours, the District secretary will obtain the exact
location, description, time, and person reporting the SSO. The secretary will immediately notify
the Town of Burnsville Public Works Staff of the SSO. The Public Works Department staff will
proceed to the location of the reported spill and will assess the situation and decide what
containment is needed (if any), what type of cleanup is needed, or, in instances involving pump
stations /force mains, the shutting off of power, engaging the back -up power located on site, or
mobilizing a back -up power supply or pump. The appropriate maintenance crew will be
summoned. Any maintenance crew summoned will be on site of the SSO within one hour.
When a report of a Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) is received after regular business hours, the
voice mail answering system will direct the caller to the appropriate staff person. The on -call
staff person will proceed to the location of the reported spill and will assess the situation and
decide what containment is needed (if any), what type of clean -up is needed, or, in instances
involving pump stations /force mains, the shutting off of power, engaging the back -up power
located on site, or mobilizing a back -up power supply or pump. The appropriate maintenance
crew will be summoned. Any maintenance crew summoned will be on site of the SSO within
one hour.
Page 2 of 7

For Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO) on dry ground involving force main breaks
The power will be shut off at pump station. The contractor will place bales of straw to contain
spill to avoid contamination of creeks and streams. The area of the spill will be cordoned off with
yellow caution tape. Use pump trucks to pump wet wells or manholes if necessary. Once spill is
contained, use pump truck to remove liquids and solids. When liquids /solids are pumped into
truck, the area should be washed down and liquids pumped into the truck. When area is clean,
remove straw, barricade tape, and cover entire area with hydrated lime. Instances of SSO's in
soil areas, the layer of contaminated soil will be removed from the spill area and replaced with a
fresh layer of soil, seeded, limed and covered with straw. Dispose of straw, pumped
contaminates and any contaminated soil properly at an appropriate disposal facility. All
necessary repairs will be made and system will be returned to normal operation. Workers and
staff shall use all safety and protective equipment during such operations.
For Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO) on dry ground involving pump station malfunctions
The power will be shut off or back -up power energized or mobilized as needed. The contractor
will begin pumping the wet well and then place bales of straw to contain spills to avoid
contamination of creeks and streams. The area of the spill will be cordoned off with yellow
caution tape. Once the spill is contained, use pump truck to remove liquids /solids. When
liquids /solids are pumped into truck, the area should be washed down and liquids pumped into
the truck. When area is cleaned, remove straw, barricade tape, and cover entire area with
hydrated lime. Instances of SSO's in soil areas, the layer of contaminated soil will be removed
from the spill area and replaced with a fresh layer of soil, seeded, limed and covered with straw.
Dispose of straw, pumped contaminates and any contaminated soil properly at appropriate
wastewater treatment facility. All necessary repairs will be made and system will be returned to
normal operation. Contractor shall use all safety and protective equipment during such
operations.
For Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO) on da ,ground involving_ gravity sewer lines
The contractor will place bales of straw to contain spill to avoid contamination of creeks and
streams. The upstream manhole will be plugged and pumping from that manhole will begin.
Pumping will continue until the downstream repairs are completed. The area of the spill will be
cordoned off with yellow caution tape.
Once the spill is contained, use pump truck to remove liquids /solids. When liquids /solids are
pumped into truck, the area should be washed down and liquid should be pumped into truck.
When area is cleaned, remove the straw, barricade tape and cover entire area with hydrated lime.
Instances of SSO's in soil areas, the layer of contaminated soil will be removed from the spill
area and replaced with a fresh layer of soil, seeded, limed and covered with straw. Dispose of
straw, pumped contaminates and any contaminated soil properly at appropriate wastewater
treatment facility. All necessary repairs will be made and system will be returned to normal
operation. Contractor or Staff shall use all safety and protective equipment during such
operations.
For Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO) to creeks /streams.
This SSO will be contained as much as possible by placing bales of straw immediately down
stream in order to catch any solids. The creek/stream banks and bottoms should be "screened" to
Page 3 of 7

collect these solids and repeatedly flushed with non - chlorinated water until no evidence of waste
is visible. The water will be supplied by pump truck or jetter tank. The screened solids will be
collected with rakes, shovels and buckets or pump truck. The solids collected along with bales
of straw will be disposed of properly at an appropriate facility. Contractor or Staff shall use all
safety and protective equipment during such operations.
Under all scenarios
In all cases, once the SSO is resolved, the Sewage Spill Response Evaluation Form is completed
listing response times, estimating the volume of the spill, and completing all requested
information on the form. The form is then faxed to NCDNR -DWQ at the Asheville office. A
copy of the form is kept on file with the District.
These procedures apply to all District and Town employees and authorized private contractors
working on behalf of the East Yancey Water and Sewer District that may deal with any Sanitary
Sewer Overflow (SSO). These procedures will be reviewed annually, or whenever direction
from County, State or Federal authorities dictates a revision.
Page 4 of 7

3.0 EAST YANCEY WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT KEY CONTACTS
Power company (emergency outages,
French Broad Electric Membership Cooperative
650 West Main Street
PO Box 307
Burnsville, NC 28714
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Authorized subcontractors for the EYWSD/ Town of Burnsville:
Pumping /Containment /Clean - Up
Mountain Environmental Services 828 - 648 -5556
Emergency Number 800- 261 -0031
24 Hours a Day
(In case of spill or other environmental emergency)
Maintenance and Repair of Sewer Lines
Young and McQueen Grading Company 828- 682 -7714
Maintenance and Repair of Plant and Pump Stations (Electrical)
Butner Electric 828 - 682 -9627
Bryan Butner
Maintenance and Repair of Telemetry
ISI, Incorporated
Greg Fortner
Tony Hagwood
828 - 208 -3265 (Mobile)
800 - 532 -0415
865- 335 -3155 (Mobile)
704 - 906 -5949 (Mobile)
Maintenance and Repair of Pump Stations (Inspection /Mechanical /Some Electrical
Water Quality Labs 828 - 898 -6277
Jadd Brewer 828 - 260 -2027 (Mobile)
4.0 PERSONNEL RESPONSIBLE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Primary District Contacts
Title
Name
Office Number
Mobile Number
EYWSD Director
Nathan Bennett
828 - 682 -3971
828 - 284 -4614
EYWSD Wastewater Treatment Plant
828 - 999 -9999
EYWSD WWTP Operator in Responsible
Charge
Jadd Brewer
828 - 898 -6277
828 - 260 -2027
EYWSD Collection System Operator in
Responsible Charge
Matthew
Robinson
828 - 682 -2420
828 - 284 -1885
Page 5 of 7

Town of Burnsville (Contract Operators)
Title
Name
Office Number
Mobile Number
After - Hours - Emergency Operations
828 - 678 -9463
828 - 682 -7714
Center
Electrical Contractor
828 - 678 -9463
Town of Burnsville Public Works
Anthony Hensley
828 - 682 -2420
828 - 284 -1645
Director
ISI, Incorporated
828 - 682 -2124
800 -532 -0415
Town of Burnsville Public Utilities
Shane Dale
828 - 682 -2420
828 - 284 -1887
Manager
Neil McCurry
828 - 284 -5866
828 - 682 -7833
Town of Burnsville Code
Ronnie Tipton
828 - 682 -2420
828 - 284 -8412
Enforcement/Operations Manger
828 - 682 -4683
828 - 284 -2622
Town of Burnsville Fire Chief /Safety
Niles Howell
828 - 682 -2420
828 - 284 -1627
Officer
Landon Davidson
Environmental
Regional
Supervisor
828 - 296 -4500
Town of Burnsville WWTP
828 - 682 -6629
Local and State Emergency Contacts
Title
Name
Office Number
Mobile Number
Emergency
911
828 - 682 -7714
Yancey County Emergency Operations
Center
Electrical Contractor
828 - 678 -9463
Yancey County Emergency Management
Coordinator
Bill Davis
828 - 678 - 9266
828 -284 -0725
Yancey County Sheriff's Department
ISI, Incorporated
828 - 682 -2124
800 -532 -0415
Yancey County Health Department
Allen Hughes
828 - 682 -6118
828 - 385 -1801
Yancey County Fire Marshall
Neil McCurry
828 - 284 -5866
828 - 682 -7833
Burnsville Fire Department
828 - 682 -1184
Burnsville Police Department
828 - 682 -4683
828 - 284 -2622
Emergency Medical Services
828 - 682 -2512
NCDENR Division of Water Quality
Asheville Regional Office
Landon Davidson
Environmental
Regional
Supervisor
828 - 296 -4500
NC Emergency Management Warning
Point
1- 800 - 858 -0368
US Fish and Wildlife Service
828 - 258 -3939
Private Contractors and Consultants
Title I Name
Office Number
Mobile Number
General Construction
Young and McQueen Grading Company I Sam Young
828 - 682 -7714
Electrical Contractor
Butner Electric FBryan Butner
828 - 682 -9627
828 - 208 -3265
Telemetry and Communications
ISI, Incorporated
800 -532 -0415
Greg Fortner
865- 335 -3155
Tony Hagwood
704 - 906 -5949
Page 6 of 7

Chemicals and Supplies
Clearwater Consulting I John Rose 423 - 676 -6718 423 - 467 -9660
Emergency Response /Spill Containment
Mountain Environmental Services, Inc.
828 - 648 -5556
Emergency
Number
800 - 261 -0031
Engineering and Technical Assistance
McGill Associates, P.A., Consulting
Engineers
Harry Buckner,
PE
828 - 252 -0575
828 - 230 -7261
NC Rural Water Association
Keith Buff
336- 731 -6963
336- 309 -9363
Page 7 of 7

APPENDIX D
2002 On -Site System Community Surveys
Page 112 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

COMMUNITY SURVEYS
PROPOSED WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND
TREATMENT SYSTEM
EAST YANCEY WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
`,iiiilllllfllfl /!/
$ L
. q•NG0N
RANDALL D. HI NTZ P. • 0000�0 0 Q;��a,�:
McGRI
Engineering • Planning ® Finance
Asheville, North Carolina
SEPTEMBER 2002
01743

COMMUNITY SURVEYS
The following is a copy of the community surveys conducted for this study, These surveys have
been conducted in accordance with the Rural Center's requirements for a random survey with
more than 500 users being identified within the project area. The requirements are that 1 in S of
the potential 524 (in this case, 66 samples) units must be surveyed, or 110 samples, whichever is
less. Therefore, this document contains 72 surveys from the project area, which is greater than
the minimum required of 66. Please note that each survey is identified on the District map
located in the back of this report, along with the deficiencies noted
Community and neighborhood leaders have been contacted regarding the project and met with to
discuss their needs and concerns as they relate to the proposed project. Specific insights into
septic tank and public health problems have been discussed with them. In addition, input was
received from the County Health Department regarding septic tank failures and complaints
within the project area, This information and the results of these investigations, as well as an
analysis of the survey data are discussed in the Preliminary Engineering Report for this project.
A summary of the results of the surveys has been tabulated and is contained in this document as a
preface to the individual surveys.
2

EAST YANCEY WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
(72 Total Suiveys Taken)
Rl
CONFIRMED
QUESTIONABLE ;
TOTAL >.
CASES '
CASES
Outhouse {visual}
0
0 %
0
0%
0%
Straight' 1p. BIack Water { visual)
0
0%
5
6.9%
6.9%
Strght
a;Pipttig Grey Water {visual)
25
34.7%
5
6.9%
41.7%
.Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
1
1.4%
0
0%
1.4%
Periodic Septic System Pr© &ms
6
8.3%
0
0%
8.3%
Inadequate WeII /Septic epairatiou
21
29.2%
8
11,1%
40.3%
(visual}
Inadequate Septic Repa1r Area {visual]
40
55.6%
0
0%
55.6%
Wastewater Treatment Plant Pr ©blems
0
00/0
2
2.8%
2.8%
{periodic)
Rl

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS D
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL �K BUSINESS NAME: E. ` Pk#,)t,EY H11). 50*0 L
MAILING ADDRESS
1A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)��
G
PROPERTY ID. NO.
44 ( 3
SUBDIVISION (if any)
0 1 A
PROPERTY OWNER
iv 1 A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
1A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
r
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
0 1 A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
0 1 A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
iv 1 A
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
tJ f
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
f
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
r
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
'i rA
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
1p,
Unapproved Well (visual)
t�
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
�'

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
Po Mi5
rAT(ol,) � ro G G "010 'Fa U NSJ!L -L
u0
F r-CI L(1°tt;�
SIGNATURE /DATE
o
Professional E in er Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: L4.9er6pf, Cin np r 000 is
MAILING ADDRESS
4
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
�\Vj q lg C
PROPERTY ID. NO.
ri � A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N
PROPERTY OWNER
�dMRN (j P03
(PSZ - �45(a
ON-SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
4
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
1
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
ri � A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
by
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
r
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
4
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
ri � A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
by

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE, /DATE
0

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY/ BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
� Gttli`.
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
la?E
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�� q
!
SUBDIVISION (if any)
e?
PROPERTY OWNER
0 ( A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
P 1A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
0 1A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
5
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
e?
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
0 ( A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
L(C
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
G6
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
1A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply Systein or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
I
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
e?
Spring (visual)
0 ( A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
�j
I f1

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
REPbugaT r- tL0 � d SEp l c s s�
kQ SOT G 05, 0 lbl er oo T 0r v5 e
T3t.D s 5 f AQkCAtJ oGGrApY r1cs5T 6F LOT - tJ'Z-� qppr-A FoZ,
P2o 5EpTfc sYsT 1 c> tzcpAkz t�EA
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professi
m

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS 9)
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL )( BUSINESS NAME: Lt Sea ter Coy &� WJT C_ 4 W nC H
MAILING ADDRESS
r) t IA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
N r A
PROPERTY ID, NO.
lj r
SUBDIVISION (if any)
� / A
PROPERTY OWNER
-7
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
r) t IA
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
N r A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
lj r
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
� / A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
-7
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
r
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Ve j
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
� r A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
tj
Unapproved Well (visual)
r
I
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
4�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
r

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
IF 6tAAetew
pplzvkfj
W
l&-,Jea2 17V1_Lk'
SEPTIC
S`CSTIFM
1 63
(-a J LT(lj (}QEA
SIGNATURE,/DATE
Professional Engineer
ED

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY/ BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:�Stc�uc6iZ 13w k C-V C" "g .
MAILING ADDRESS
A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
t�
PROPERTY ID. NO.
z r1
`i-
SUBDIVISION (if any)
0 rA
1
PROPERTY OWNER
ou
ON —SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
i
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
N [A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
0 rA
1
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
ou
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
��
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
1j 1A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
j
Unapproved Well (visual)
Pj !�
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
'
Spring (visual)
ou
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
��

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
e��V,
T CSC w P�11rZit�ra - lt7C�1►� ®n' ®� 5`'��TtG
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: Gas C."O n L,'� S
MAILING ADDRESS
0 1 A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
P {
PROPERTY ID. NO.
®q 1
SUBDIVISION (if any)
!
l
PROPERTY OWNER
I A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
0 1 A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
P {
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
�j
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
!
l
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
I A
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
„ 4 A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
SEC- CQMM\5�VT�
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
�
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
fj ( A
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
0 1 A
Unapproved Well (visual)
0 1 A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
1A
Spring (visual)
I A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
„ 4 A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
x
IR ^ 0 "
° Vo a -r 10 nJ
(J N a
SIGNATURE/DATE
x

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: Mt 0 M f) S `[3 c0 SrUfzr
MAILING ADDRESS
ii IA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
tj 1 A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�.�
SUBDIVISION (if airy)
PROPERTY OWNER
1
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
ii IA
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj 1 A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
AJ (,A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
1
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
t
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
% NN
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
�j 1
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
N A � cM°r
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
1
Unapproved Well (visual)
t ,
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
1
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
t

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE,/DATE
;AX
r�'A �. , Le � � �d �A t�T M
W L 1r
Nt)
P-
rna
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(c°r i C, sYs.
SIGNATURE,/DATE
;AX

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL X BUSINESS NAME: ?' c, X ,5 co P U VQ t 0'k CE S TOe E
MAILING ADDRESS
&> l ,A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
7
PROPERTY ID. NO.
'-t n 4 cwc)
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
4112511111 1AAr31ft'NVJ'1ft Me Bow-K
Outhouse (Visual)
&> l ,A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
7
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
7
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
ye S
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
tv ( A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
r� Pass tvLC r- ra 5EPi1C 5`E,< rw
�-,p 13 Lp G r- 4oStuO AD.t ACv�-C
505 peut" STR Or t c ,1-1T PI P, dv
k N 4,3 tJ k Gr,ATmP3
SIGNATURE /DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
i J
PROPERTY ID. NO.
.S
SUBDIVISION (if any)
�j
PROPERTY OWNER
,
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
[A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
t i QN
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
�j
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
,
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain) I
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
A ;
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
f
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
[A
Unapproved Well (visual)
I A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
2
Spring (visual)
P ! A
Water Supply System Problems (explain) I
j1A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Date
ON

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL —)(—BUSINESS NAME: C-J u e67r
WWN
MAILING ADDRESS
&J /A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
O A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
I 0 Z
SUBDIVISION (if any)
tj IP
PROPERTY OWNER
N 16 com bA eKIT5
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
&J /A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
O A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
tj IP
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
N 16 com bA eKIT5
Inadequate Well/ Septic Separation (visual)
,.
P f ! A t
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
ye 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
r
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
1
Spring (visual)
r�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
lLJ1 A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional Engi

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL __\L BUSINESS NAME: P�Zf_\TPG� `T� RL
MAILING ADDRESS
ti'
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Hw 1 pj C
PROPERTY ID. NO.
r
SUBDIVISION (if any)
• 5� � Cc�M �L �
PROPERTY OWNER
tj /A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
ti'
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
?
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
r
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
• 5� � Cc�M �L �
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
tj /A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
-e
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
YG S
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
N [A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
?
Spring (visual)
tj /A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
N I A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
i
COMMENTS
►1a Po55I fat Z� NL K72 $�c°PT! C
6c.v BuSr�J 65,
SIGNATURE/DATE
ate
W

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS I3
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / USINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: isc`j� iLltu S �nP
MAILING ADDRESS
h) ( A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
PROPERTY ID. NO.
M
SUBDIVISION (if any)
�tl�
PROPERTY OWNER
YQ
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual) N to,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
h) ( A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System. (visual & odor)
M
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
�tl�
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
YQ
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
t 6
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
(A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�tl�
Spring (visual)
!I
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
tj h

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
c u
IF A c �A
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
)< RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
(A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
ovjy }
PROPERTY ID. NO.
® 4-7
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N
PROPERTY OWNER
A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
(A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
� 1 A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
O+ A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
�} `�
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
PIA
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test}
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
�} `�

Explain;
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
QER

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
4 PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
[
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
1
PROPERTY ID. NO.
1� 3
SUBDNISION (if any)
I�
PROPERTY OWNER
r
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
[
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
1
ii Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
�� S
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
I�
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
r
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
;U f ,
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
tj f A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
P /!R
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
f
Unapproved Well (visual)
lI�
Shallow Well Periodic .Failure (explain)
T
Spring (visual)
! Q
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
;U f ,

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
sional EnWheer 'Date
m

L
EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME;
3"M
MAILING ADDRESS
t
PHYSICAL ADDRESS��
(if different than above)
f� !
PROPERTY ID. NO.
(e O
SUBDIVISION (if any)
10 1A
PROPERTY OWNER
Z
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
t
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
0
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
(e O
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
10 1A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Z
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
S
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
t
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
f
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring visual
p g( )
Z
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
ci
Professional
00 1 D7—
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
t�
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
14 C- 19
PROPERTY ID. NO.
G4
SUBDIVISION (if any)
1A
PROPERTY OWNER
"Z
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
t�
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
y
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
1A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
"Z
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual),
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
1 A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
f
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
"MAE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS U16
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
N I I\
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
f A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
t C, 71
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N A
PROPERTY OWNER
'T
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N I I\
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
f A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
( A
Failed Septic System (visual R. odor)
N A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
'T
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
c.-
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Y C S
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
PIA
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
j
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
f A
Unapproved Well (visual)
( A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
1A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
0.)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional Anbiccr Date'

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
, /p,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
owi 19
PROPERTY ID. NO.
N j A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
tj
ON-SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
, /p,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
!J i A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
N j A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
tj
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
1 j r
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
JA A
11
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
to
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
"?
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
�j A
Unapproved Well (visual)
1A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
S
tj
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
pa

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
to (]-
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS D
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
K_ RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
'J l A
{ {I
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
t) A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
t -
SUBDIVISION (if any)
?
PROPERTY OWNER
w
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
'J l A
{ {I
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
t) A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
W f A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
?
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
w
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
x) 11A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
! A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
O( A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
?
Spring (visual)
C
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
'7 [ t® ! uz-
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION Pi v-k ?A5�ruiz ES-
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME;
MAILING ADDRESS
PIN
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
6�16021CA05 � l .
PROPERTY ID. NO.
tJ (A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
O ! A
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
PIN
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
t) (A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
tJ (A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
O ! A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
r
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
N
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
?
,
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
tom► � w � ��� � c-� � � �S N L� !� G L T rt ►�e-� � � L �, �s �
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
��z

EAST YANCEY SEVER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS (V?o
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL �BUSINESSNAME: MIZM1 5 WoM�
MAILING ADDRESS
y A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
f A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
N
SUBDIVISION (if any)
1
PROPERTY OWNER
t'j
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
y A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
f A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual) t) I
Failed Septic System (visual & odor) 1J
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain) 7
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual) y e
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual) 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain) Aj
ON -SITE 'WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
{J I
Unapproved Well (visual)
N
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
1
Spring (visual)
t'j
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
o ( '� ���

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
WR-C 6• 275- rA o r �" Q �1zo P U f?iY wJ t 1 rTL c,
5 0 rA [� 4-U A - &>Q) c2® A E'® ePn L ca it
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional

23
EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
8
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
to
PROPERTY ID. NO.
e S
SUBDIVISION (if any)
tJ l r A
PROPERTY OWNER
E5
ON-SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
IF N I A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
to
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
e S
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
tJ l r A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
e7
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
ys
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
/A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
IF N I A
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
ti r
[r
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
YC�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
PIA

Explain;
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
®teaiUrefit Cor- 41't1Zm,S USE 6r seRtvo - u t�j-� SSTLD
SM
AY, 4-L)T - N® Tcxo n fb52 NoPc-K SeMc- c4 V PAt K-
t�l.VS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Profe oass nal

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS (9
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME;
MAILING ADDRESS
Rfi i, Pox 413
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
[JAN LI) L,L.�
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
04"
(if different than above)
N I A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�®
SUBDIVISION (if any)
Yc 5
PROPERTY OWNER
Ire 5
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N/ A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
L) (A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
04"
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N I A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
N I to
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
Yc 5
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Ire 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
qV
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
N f�
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
j

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
()ujt'JV-41 u5V b r IN ^UNTiGS
Nb feo M SM A LIOT RA (7 v pub. Ski 1 C
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional Engine

11
EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
N k
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Geor'Q('- (�
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�' !;C)
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N (A
PROPERTY OWNER
6�� l e (A v�sb
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N k
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
1A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
ej
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N (A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Nl A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
�(
1
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
d M05 T PLIUA
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
"/A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
`7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
ej
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
&.�► Pk
Spring (visual)
�J r A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
�(
1

11 Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
L R� °'� Lo-r.--. scat' �p ST 15 OcOP IE 17 N t 4 L� f o d r us i N
y, Sm At,L Plb rt-vioO 6F' Air v IR RU
Skeprtc, s- 1 i N 4 10cy 1 mu -1,.,u 10
PA
SIGNATURE/DATE
Profes

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
0 ( A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
cym (C-` 5 �;O R 1C �? p
PROPERTY ID. NO.
4 -7t)3
SUBDIVISION (if any)
0 1 1A
PROPERTY OWNER
� )
0,
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
0 ( A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj I
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
ye
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
0 1 1A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
� )
0,
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
lt1 R
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
P !
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
(A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
P j A
i1
Spring (visual)
� )
0,
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
lt1 R

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
k.o°r Lj 010 RCJ *A �q� �oP�iZ S�PTtc
Professional
SIGNATURE/DATE
m

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
?
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
qeoc Cie ` 5 K- fe i>
PROPERTY ID. NO.
%E313
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
0 (A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
?
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
�}
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
0 (A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
�}
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
N !
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
�J t A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
?
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
�}
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
0 (A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
�}

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MARLING ADDRESS
A
PHYSICAL ADDRESSOR
(if different than above)
5 1�1C
PROPERTY ID. NO.
p `�
SUBDIVISION (if any)
f
PROPERTY OWNER
\�
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
PIP
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
5
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
f
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
\�
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
!
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
I
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
i) ) A
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
\�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
I" (,

Explain;
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional Engineer
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
99

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS @
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
IL RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
1.0 RG �5 �� 1Z
PROPERTY ID. NO.
SUBDNISION (if any)
rl
M
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
rl
M
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
1A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
to 1 A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
0 (A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
rl
M
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
{
N�5US � Cxj-v Jtu I N
SIGNATURE/DATE
R � - -7 /)JO
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
'�j l A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
PROPERTY ID. N0.
4388
SUBDIVISION (if any)
0
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
'�j l A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
0
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
�)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
'j f A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
yes
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
�L
S
r,
&I Ck
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS at)
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTLAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
A
PHYSICAL ADDRESSEOt�
(if different than above)
t
PROPERTY ID. NO.
G-7,52)
SUBDIVISION (if any)
'?
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
t
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
'?
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
>�
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
0 1A
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
'?
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain;
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS Q
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
y� PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
r` RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
t3 I i,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
. < iz p
PROPERTY ID. NO.
.414
SUBDIVISION (if any)
I
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
t3 I i,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
l
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
�� S
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
I
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
i C 5
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
yes
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
rj /A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
)
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
P?
Spring (visual)
?
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
VA

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
tzacao-A
of<
SIGNATUREIDATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
N l4N
PHYSICAL ADDRESS����`�
(if different than above)
ti f A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
3961
SUBDIVISION (if any)
t') {
PROPERTY OWNER
1
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N l4N
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
ti f A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
N I
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
t') {
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
1
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
N (A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
iJ (A
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
N
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATUREIDATE
] 'o
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS (9
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
N l
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
. (ter
PROPERTY ID. NO.
(04(
SUBDIVISION (if any)
r
PROPERTY OWNER
n3 N
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N l
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
. (ter
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
i
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
r
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
n3 N
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
f
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
. (ter
Unapproved Well (visual)
0 1 A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
W j A
Spring (visual)
n3 N
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
, A '7

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain.:
SIGNATUREIDATE
Professional Enp-inbcr\ 'Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
)IA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
tj �
PROPERTY 1D. NO.
SUBDIVISION (if any)
lU
PROPERTY OWNER
�j
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
)IA
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj �
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
lU
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
�j
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
��
`{ W+ "i2 SyS7;5r1
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
15 O �J AJ t L \ OC t-j kA
�� ° �.�V ►�o�C �crJ® SPf`ZcN o
SIGNATURE/DATE
11 i- -� 7 11-0 j o
Professional Engi e Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS (55
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
vtUj C)
PROPERTY ID. NO.
(07 D
SUBDIVISION (if any)
W'A
PROPERTY OWNER
,
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
f
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
W'A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
,
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
1�
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
�j (A
Wastewater Treatmej)t Plant Problems (explain)
A3 f
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry gall
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
1�

Explain:
Pro
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATUREfDATE
Date
M

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA aV
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: MlcAuju.e c.ourrTg,( Sjnamt;
MAILING ADDRESS
N r
I
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
� - u�� SusPtClt,�s
PROPERTY ID. NO.
,
SUBDIVISION (if any)
Ala
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N r
I
Straigbt Piping Black Water (visual)
� - u�� SusPtClt,�s
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
,
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Ala
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
jo (A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Vie 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
0 r
ON -SITE WATER. PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
�
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
,J1A
!1
Unapproved Well (visual)
d A
Sballow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
+�
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
jo (A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
J ?L WT flETw O ctz l
1S *MA ;- Man" ArZE A watt -' 1'p RoA0 �FA
SIGNATURE/DATE
ional
71ic Ion

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: WC.A ILI e RSST O FrtcV
MAILING ADDRESS
'
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
lAw
PROPERTY ID. NO.
JA
SUBDIVISION (if any)
( A
PROPERTY OWNER
1A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
'
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tJ ��
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
JA
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
( A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
1A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Z
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
'
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
7
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�Z
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
Z

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
Professional
COMMENTS
c tdt 4 w! wD
5 0T. i3
SY5 vM
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A►DJAcg-^�j
s
S�F�1Ct�e -t�`i
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LA, ?
SIGNATURE /DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL _)L BUSINESS NAME: _C-U4 wj wt>
MAILING ADDRESS
r
t
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
?
PROPERTY ID. NO.
� jC)�� � C�a7d_5
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
r
t
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
?
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
7
'
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
er4
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
�i �
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
03 IA
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
1%
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
?
Unapproved Well (visual)
7
'
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
(A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
Al2E aAD�C�v�ATG rc STSTCM aFrtce c APT. BtD
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL X—BUSINESSNAME:
d
MAILING ADDRESS
r
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Gat aJP,9 k4W < 80
PROPERTY ID. NO.
tj
SUBDIVISION (if any)
T
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
r
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
P A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
tj
Failed Septie System (visual & odor)
T
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
1A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
{
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
17
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
')
Unapproved Well (visual)
pi
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
T
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
1A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATUREIDATE
WHOM
1444.
ks- ®
��n 'Reno s I
Pggtn1 utie + N SrAov(, a° OF C2
I
A �> s>eIE
®w -jeRS Ovoc RATCI
w
r�►w�M�`�E w(�° uS�A��.
SIGNATUREIDATE
WHOM

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: Iii -'TICS WET SoP
C
MAILING ADDRESS
J A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
� fl A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
9444
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N //
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
J A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
� fl A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Y E
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N //
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
f
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Y 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
f
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
r
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�
Spring (visual)
(A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
f

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
54A2E
%,jaaL w j NIQ RQQFA ®(z 5�"PTIL
SIGNATURE/DATE
1 I !U iI
sional EnRi e r bate r

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: LAXL012 Cac,�S
MAILING ADDRESS
,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
NAwy $®
PROPER'T'Y ID. NO.
O /A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
f
PROPERTY OWNER
!
ON —SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
,
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
F1 A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
O /A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
f
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
!
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
JA
0
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Gar,P FILTtM p15G,0 cRW5
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
�--S
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
SmOo. $ANDF1UT6 V(ST�^°t to
PC—RI ®DIG QB3
ON —SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
,
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
O /A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
f
Spring (visual)
!
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
-0 In

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL —X BUSINESS NAME: Nt c��4t,L� pi p . C YLQA_C [k
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Uj
PROPERTY ID. NO.
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
'
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
'
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
7
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
! n
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
P
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
7

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
711-01-0
S E P r t c
SYST
OR �--Mt CG t;A
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
711-01-0

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
N w l� 6u
PROPERTY ID, NO,
Z(76
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
-�
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
-�
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
?
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
YIater Supply System Problems (explain)
h% j A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain: "ALL U<D
bAr-J K. MOST aF Lar 15 cov "W cJf FLT I> 5
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
?
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
PIA
PROPERTY ID. NO.
l901
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
fA
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
?
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
PIA
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
N [ A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
fA
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
I A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
?
No Water Supply System or Dry Wc] I
PIA
Unapproved Well (visual)
N [ A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
fA
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
I A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
)D D-L
ate

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA 8.6)
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL AL BUSINESS NAME: tca�tt� L L.e'i`A `�S c
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
w Y o
PROPERTY ID. NO.
a d !
I
SUBDIVISION (if any)
l
PROPERTY OWNER
[A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
j
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
l
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
[A
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
&)
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Le
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
W rA
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
j
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
[A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
N JA

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
vk
SEQT�G DCZ aNP3lL17 !'� ®p,5C70K\, Ovi�rt�LD cAP9 c J 0y
c (zCC-
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
to Oz
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA 0
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
tjr
PROPERTY ID. NO,
4
SUBDIVISION (if any)
r
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tjr
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
tj
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
r
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
N r
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
P
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
Aj (iv j
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
,
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
tjr
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional Engineer

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
4 PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
F�
MAILING ADDRESS
,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
w Aux of RD
PROPERTY ID. NO.
.�
SUBDIVISION (if any)
ri (k
PROPERTY OWNER.
N (A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
-J ( A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
ri rA
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
ri (k
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
N (A
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Ni I
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
N l A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
N (A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
,
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
!!
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
1
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
vii A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Profes5IOnal
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Date
0

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
❑F�
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
?tEntz vi AU_0' .J Tz K-->
PROPERTY ID. NO.�
SUBDIVISION (if any)
u
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
!
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
u
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
`]
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
1A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
N
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
I�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
`]

Explain:
Pro
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
mr-A

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
KRESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME;
MAILING ADDRESS
j
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
1-z V,>
PROPERTY ID. NO.
(�
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
?
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
j
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
!
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)5
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
?
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
?

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
?Oz S epr1c gPAtit � t. b
Professional
SIGNATURE /DATE
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
—RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
JA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
�3 N-�
�a
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�! D►
SUBDIVISION (if any)
�j iA
1
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
JA
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
N ) a,
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
�e
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
�j iA
1
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
°{
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENVEXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
U�Wk LQ)j M V C to 4 V:� rr l R V' c�1
i 6 uj %iIt. tie
SIGNATURE/DATE
m
Professional EnQineeY I ► Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS (9
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
_K
MAILING ADDRESS
1
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
ALUw {C
PROPERTY ID. NO.
A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
7
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
1
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
� f 1�4
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
7
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
N 9
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain) 0 (A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
P j
f
Unapproved Well (visual)
/�
L)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
fA
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
(A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS IQ
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME-
MAILING ADDRESS
A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
ri fl
PROPERTY ID. NO.
0 JA
SUBDIVISION (if any)
t
l
PROPERTY OWNER
17
,
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
ri fl
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
0 JA
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
t
l
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
17
,
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
, 1
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
N
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
(�
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
ri fl
Unapproved Well (visual)
0 JA
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
r7
Spring (visual)
1A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
, 1

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION .
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
C
MAILING ADDRESS
N
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
5"
PROPERTY ID, NO.
l
SUBDIVISION (if any)
n
�'C
PROPERTY OWNER
►� 1 �1
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
N
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
r
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
l
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
n
�'C
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
►� 1 �1
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
N (A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
�) j
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
O l A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
"
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
�)
Unapproved Well (visual)
A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
'Z
I
Spring (visual)
►� 1 �1
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
A i A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Profes
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Dat
m

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
_y
MAILING ADDRESS
AJ A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
5R t 1 S 3
PROPERTY ID. NO.
+
SUBDIVISION (if any)
j
PROPERTY OWNER
,
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
AJ A
Straight Piping BIack Water (visual)
tj
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
+
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
j
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
,
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
N /A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
tJ (A
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
r
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
~7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
1�
Unapproved Well (visual)
) A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
IZ
Spring (visual)
tj (A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
s
�n�lp
UpQ51E53
bvTN&LZ>
S
bl\)
L.ANZCIC,
SIGNATURE/DATE
ate

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
_y
r -1
4&__
MAILING ADDRESS
'
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Se � t � 3
PROPERTY ID. NO.
)'_7
!
SUBDIVISION (if any)
Q
PROPERTY OWNER
Z
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
'
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
� 1A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
5
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Q
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Z
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
f!�
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
ye 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
,A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
'
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
1A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�
Spring (visual)
J�
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
f!�

Explain;
PROPERTY DE VELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
orz
ocz izkEp4 %7. Afzc 5
onal
SIGNATURE/DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
_�K'
MAILING ADDRESS
VA
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
S RZ 1 53
PROPERTY ID. NO.
S�
SUBDIVISION (if any)
01A
PROPERTY OWNER
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
VA
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
i A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
YCS
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
01A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
r
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: lcjcD_
MAILING ADDRESS
'3 jp,
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
! A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
84
SUBDIVISION (if any)
l�
PROPERTY OWNER
� 1QaptC Q W®e fA5
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
'3 jp,
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
! A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
r�
!
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
l�
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
� 1QaptC Q W®e fA5
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
1p,
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
S
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ij /A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
'
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
ff
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
rl
Spring (visual)
t
PIA
Water Supply System Problems (explain)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTIEXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
t��u�FrA�i V� a - DEC 5#AA A3'i Emkt>
u,J 2e V
SIGNATURE/DATE
onal
0

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
i
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL X BUSINESS NAME; Ao� yi w �jjY. - .
MAILING ADDRESS
d) I�
j
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
'SR ' ! S3
PROPERTY TD. NO.
7 Z G-7
SUBDIVISION (if any)
tj )A
PROPERTY OWNER
�.j f ff
�
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
d) I�
j
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
hi i�
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
tj )A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
�.j f ff
�
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
/
NIA
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Yt-
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
N
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
tj
Unapproved Well (visual)
fA
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
A)I A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
tj /A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
oral Ehdaeer 11 Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: L'A (x L-Le 1, c-000L
MAILING ADDRESS
0 1 A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
D L.:Q t G\ C
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
r
PROPERTY OWNER
N
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
0 1 A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
R
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
�A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
r
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
N
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
(A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
vo JA
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
P ! A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
f A
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
> j�
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
1h
Spring (visual)
�j A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
1A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
ate

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY /BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: �,,bQcg
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
�Q
PROPERTY ID. N0.
0 (A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
PROPERTY OWNER
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
d 1A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
0 (A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
1
AJ
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
r
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
d 1A
Unapproved Well (visual)
0 (A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
01 A
Spring (visual)
P 1 A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
to ( A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATUREIDATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL, BUSINESS NAME: VeTJM Z106 0 CLLW 1L
MAILING ADDRESS
sQ 1A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
yj 1A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
C)
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N 1 A
PROPERTY OWNER
pe�
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
sQ 1A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
yj 1A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
N (A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N 1 A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
pe�
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)��.S
1
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
Pj JA
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
yj 1A
Unapproved Well (visual)
N (A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
N 1 A
Spring (visual)
f'j 16,
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
Fj f A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
mac.
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
L

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
O L- D 1 0) G
PROPERTY ID. N0.
SUBDIVISION (if any)
{
1
PROPERTY OWNER
'�
r
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
{
1
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
'�
r
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
N A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�{
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
N A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
!c� C
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
haw 5
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�' J
SUBDIVISION (if any)
f A
PROPERTY OWNER
r71
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
i%
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
(r A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
f A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
r71
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
( A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
f
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
r
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
( A
Unapproved Well (visual)
j iA
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
'T
Spring (visual)
( A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
� A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
Date
1 SAS
®K7
SA MSC
L0 T
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
Date

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
T
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
(6® 5
PROPERTY ID. NO.
y S
SUBDIVISION (if any)
rA
t
PROPERTY OWNER
�n
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
T
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tj r�
!
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
y S
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
rA
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Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
�n
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
Q �(�
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Ire 5
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
t-� /i\
ON-SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
T
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
11
� IA
Unapproved Well (visual)
A. &e 1N5TAu- AT�j�
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�
Spring (visual)
�n
Water Supple System Problems (explain)
Q �(�

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
5." A Ov L ®T - 1 N" r,>c Q U Ai G (evv,> i t,-m S APT 1 C ® r.
ReVA► T, OR � 5
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
1— RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
tj 1A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
L
7
PROPERTY ID. NO.
®�2 S O (00
SUBDIVISION (if any)
lj (A
PROPERTY OWNER
(A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
tj 1A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
N f A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Yes
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
lj (A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
(A
Inadequate Well I Septic Separation (visual)
t
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
N CA
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
N ! A
Slrallotiv Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
(A
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
P r A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
COMMENTS
�aous� 1PP�'� S E C) K] z V w-gy
STI%.L &J®-t` 5% , fti Ax z
M05 E 05 JZ�
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
m

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
LF
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
'*1
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
?
MAILING ADDRESS
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
vuoy
PROPERTY ID. NO.
�7
SUBDIVISION (if any)
T
PROPERTY OWNER
fJ /A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
?
Straight Piping BIack Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
�7
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
T
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
fJ /A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
4
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
?
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
�7
Spring (visual)
l
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
fJ /A

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
m

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
k-) (A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
tQ /A
PROPERTY ID. NO.
tj ) A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
f A
t
PROPERTY OWNER
?
'
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
k-) (A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
tQ /A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
tj ) A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
f A
t
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
?
'
Inadequate WeII / Septic Separation (visual)
f� A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
I-) f
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
l) In
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry WeII
P [A
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
f} �
Spring (visual)
PIA
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
f� A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
(21.51)
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY / BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME: C?,pt3,TAee 5APTisr Gf ,roc
MAILING ADDRESS
I A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
C14N)E 13P NKK1 A
PROPERTY ID. NO.��
0 r A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
N f p,
PROPERTY OWNER
T
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
I A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
P J
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
0 r A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
N f p,
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
T
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
7
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
°7
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
�
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
17
Spring (visual)
T
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
ji EA

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT/EXPANSION PROBLEMS
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
N
Po ?bs5 i S C o6 k t--01K
fRcji9QT- S efr1 G 6 T QP— q6P A r Z
Ae , At % G0q'
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50tiE
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ckj-r f-1o, 50, t.S
SIGNATURE/DATE
Professional
N

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS 'T?j
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY I BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRE S S
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
f
PROPERTY ID. N0.
( A
SUBDIVISION (if any)
tj ( A
PROPERTY OWNER
1 A
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
f
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
( A
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
tj ( A
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
1 A
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
(A
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
WA
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
t.) I A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
( A
Unapproved Well (visual)
(A
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
f
Spring (visual)
1 A
Water Supply System Problems (explain}
(A

Explain:
PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Professional
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME:
MAILING ADDRESS
t�j ( A
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
f—) I A
PROPERTY ID. NO.'S
r� C
SUBDIVISION (if any)
J JA
i
PROPERTY OWNER
rJ
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
t�j ( A
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
f—) I A
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
r� C
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
J JA
i
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
rJ
Inadequate Well 1 Septic Separation (visual)
fj
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
0 (A
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
,
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
pa
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
17
Spring (visual)
rJ
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
fj

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
-S 'Z b \,
COMMENTS
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional EnkinAr D

EAST YANCEY SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
YANCEY COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PROPERTY 1 BUSINESS SURVEY INFORMATION
4_ RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS NAME.
MAILING ADDRESS
I
PHYSICAL ADDRESS
(if different than above)
Lys �tC�RC���}pYtt �D
PROPERTY ID. NO.
SUBDIVISION (if any)
PROPERTY OWNER
12
'
ON -SITE WASTEWATER PROBLEMS
Outhouse (visual)
I
Straight Piping Black Water (visual)
Straight Piping Grey Water (visual)
Failed Septic System (visual & odor)
Periodic Septic System Problems (explain)
12
'
Inadequate Well / Septic Separation (visual)
NIA
Inadequate Septic Repair Area (visual)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Problems (explain)
ON -SITE WATER PROBLEMS
Contaminated Well (test)
IT
No Water Supply System or Dry Well
Unapproved Well (visual)
Shallow Well Periodic Failure (explain)
Spring (visual)
Water Supply System Problems (explain)
NIA

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT /EXPANSION PROBLEMS
Explain:
SIGNATURE /DATE
Professional
u) 10 s
Date

EXHIBIT I
IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES MAP

Analytical"
www.pacelabs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID#: 37712
RESULTS TO:
Cash
Check No.
Prole
samr
TELEPHONE; () IZ ) 'oSZ<- FAX; (62b ) 2-51•251i�
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Ashavllle, ND 28804
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Collected On; I (month,day,year) Time; tI`3Q M
those requested Level
Bacteria;
Total Coliform PresentlAbsent
Fecal Coliform _tom Present/Absent
( ) Sample does meet State bacteriological standards.
("ample does not meet State bacteriological standards.
- -- - °- --- -- --- - ----- --- ------ --- -------- -- ----
Nitrate
Nitrite
Copper
Iron
Lead
Fluoride
Other chemistry f}
Data Repoded � ,Zr _
1.0mg1l.
0.02 mg/L
0.005 mg/L
0.05 mg/L
0,005mg/L
0.1mgIL
RESULT
Limlis•
P
--------------------------------
1 Omg/L
1mg/L
1.3 mg/L
0.3 mg/L
0.015 mg/L
4.0 mg/L
(' LT = Less Than)
'Allowable Lknks as delem**d by the USEPA --

Analytical"
www.pacelahs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID #: 37712
RESULTS TO:
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Asheville, NC 2M
Phone: [phone]
far: 828.252.4616
Cash
Check No.
TELEPHONE: (tg?l°j ) Dl7L -Pn5— FAX: (6716) 26T-757$-
those requested Level
Bacteria;
Total Coliform ✓ Present/Absent
Fecal Coliform t/ Present/Absent
RESULT Limb'
( j �ampie does meet Slate bacteriological standards.
( ample does not meet State bacledological standards.
----------------------------------------------- -- ------ -- --- ----- --- ------- --- - --
Nitrate 1.0mg1L 10mg/L
Nitrite 0.02 mg)L 1mgiL
Copper 0.005 mgtL 1.3 mglL
Iron 0.05 mglL 0.3 mglL
Lead 0.005mwt 0.015 mglL
Fluoride 0.1mglL 4.0 mgiL
Other chemistry
Dale Reported,
(' LT = Less Than)
'Allowable Lhb as delermkxd by the USEPA

Analytical
www.pacelabs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID#: 37712
RESULTS TO:
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Rivarslde Drive
Asheville, NO 28804
Phone: [phone]
Fax., 828.252.4618
Cash
Check No
Project No.
Sample No....—
TELEPHONE: &6 ) 2A7t'69U' FAX: ( M ) Z%2 P Zb t &
those requested Love] RESULT Limits'
Bacteria:
Total Coliform ✓ Present/Absent t�ern9
Fecal Coliform r/ PresenIVAbsent
( ) ca pie does meet State bacteriological standards.
( Sample does not meet State bacteriological standards.
- -- - - -- -- - ------------------------- ------------- -- --- ---- -- -- -----
Nitrate 1.0mg/L 10mgIL
Nitrite 0.02 mgll 1mg1L
Copper 0.005 mg1L 1.3 mglL
Iron 0.05 mg/l. 0.3 mglL
Lead 0.005mgA. 0.015 mg/L
Fluoride 0.1mgll 4.0 mg1L
Other chemistry
Cale Reporw _ rLl -..t+ rL
�•' �A
(' LT a Less Than
'Aibweble Limits as detem**d by the USEPA

Analytical"
www.pecolabs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID#: 37712
RESULTS TO:
Wo
:sr . Ali• — - - N
Pace Analytical Servlces, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Asheville, NC 28804
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Cash
Check No.
Protect No.
sample No. dab
TELEPHONE: (bib ) ?�Z'osZ,r FAX: ( ft ) 2r-;rL -7-5'18
Collected0n: M[-kjo4 i' (month,dayyearlTime: IZ106- AM�
Location Where Collected: �, Ai,VAS `+16,1074
a oratory na yses Requested:
Check Detection Allowable
those requested Level RESULT Limas'
Bacteria:
Total Coliform ✓ PresentlAbsent TaAatll
Fecal Coliform r! Present/Absent a
( ) Sample does meet Slate bacteriological standards.
(Sample does not meet State bacteriological standards.
Nitrate
1.0mg/L
10mglL
Nitrite
0.02 mg/L
1mg1L
Copper
0.005 mg/L
1.3 mg1L
Iron
0.05 mg/L
0.3 mg/L
Lead
0.005mgiL
0.015 mg/L
Fluoride
0.1mA
4.0 mg&
Other chemistry
Date Repotted ..yi_( J� CeOleday: (2jybo—
(' LT = Less Than)
'A6owable Lknhs ss determined by the USEPA -

Analytical"
www,pacolahs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID #: 37712
RESULTS TO:
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Asheville, NC 26864
Phone: [phone]
Fax. [phone]
Cash
Check No
Project No.
sample No. 0 S
TELEPHONE: ( 8Z6 ) 2�iZ�d>77S FAX: ( 6215 ) % -Z- ZS 18
Collected On: 121ZO to- 2. (month,dayyear) Time:
Location Where Collected: Vw ha &g.•,, . A 41o6ty
a oratory Analyses Requests
Check Detection Allowable
those requested Level RESULT Llmils'
Bacteria: _
Total Coliform r/ Present/Absent
Fecal Coliform r/ PresentlAbsent
( ) Sample does meet State bacteriological standards.
(Sample does not meat State bacteriological standards.
Nitrate 1.0mg/L 10mg/L
Nitrite 0.02 mg/L InXA
Copper 0.005 mgt 1.3 mg/L
Iron 0.05 mg/L 0.3 mg/L
Lead 0.005MWL 0.015 mg/L
Fluoride 0.1mglL 4.0 mg/L
Other chemistry
DateReponed' ° rc�,y� Caroled or. Jna-' - & " —
(' LT a Less Than)
'Moveable Units as delem*W by the USEPA —
�
sr%
rim
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Asheville, NC 26864
Phone: [phone]
Fax. [phone]
Cash
Check No
Project No.
sample No. 0 S
TELEPHONE: ( 8Z6 ) 2�iZ�d>77S FAX: ( 6215 ) % -Z- ZS 18
Collected On: 121ZO to- 2. (month,dayyear) Time:
Location Where Collected: Vw ha &g.•,, . A 41o6ty
a oratory Analyses Requests
Check Detection Allowable
those requested Level RESULT Llmils'
Bacteria: _
Total Coliform r/ Present/Absent
Fecal Coliform r/ PresentlAbsent
( ) Sample does meet State bacteriological standards.
(Sample does not meat State bacteriological standards.
Nitrate 1.0mg/L 10mg/L
Nitrite 0.02 mg/L InXA
Copper 0.005 mgt 1.3 mg/L
Iron 0.05 mg/L 0.3 mg/L
Lead 0.005MWL 0.015 mg/L
Fluoride 0.1mglL 4.0 mg/L
Other chemistry
DateReponed' ° rc�,y� Caroled or. Jna-' - & " —
(' LT a Less Than)
'Moveable Units as delem*W by the USEPA —

Analytical'
www,paeelabs.coni
TICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State certified laboratory ID #: 37712
RESULTS TO:
t �/
Cash
Check No.
Project No.
sample No.
TELEPHONE: ( -6M ) 25-2.052$' FAX: 1619 ) 15 -7,- 7; (R
Pace Analylicai Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside Drive
Ashev l /e, NC 26604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Collected On: )24010- tmonlh,day,year)Time: M M
Location Where Collected: r'nv_4 . 660 �� 4; . ' Lo bTF -�o 4W 4C
Laboratory Analyses Requests :
Cheek Detection Allowable
those requested Level RESULT Limits'
Bacteria:
Total Coliform Present/Absent
Fecal Collform i,,-, Present/Absent
( I Sample does meet State bacteriological standards.
(Sample does not maef State bacteriological standards.
------------------ ---- - ---- -- ------- --- -----------
Nitrate
Nitrite
Copper
Iron
Lead
Fluoride
Other chemistry
Da toReponad.iyr�J
'Allowable Umb as determined by the USEPA
1.0mg1L
0.02 mglL
0.005 mgil
0.05 mgiL
0.005mgIL
O.1mg/L
--------------------------------
10mglL
1mgIL
1,3 mgiL
0.3 mg/L
0.015 MA
4.0 mgiL
cenmeasy:cln!R& Ac9
(' LT a Leas Than)

/�aceAnalytical"
www.pacelabs.com
ANALYTICAL REPORT FOR PRIVATE WATER SYSTEMS
State cerlified laboratory ID#: 37712
RESULTS TO:
i Lu'.+
e
Pace Analytical Services, Inc.
2225 Riverside 0rive
Asheville, NC 26804
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Cash
Check No
Project No.
Sample No. D g D
TELEPHONE: ( 626 ) Z672 D5 ZS— FAX: ( 62ti) 25Z'-ZS -16
Collected On: lia2 (month,dayyearj Time: SS PM
Location Where Collected: Mt6A tk — IRE - S1 J ((
a ora ory Analyses equeste :
Check Detection Allowable
those requested Level RESULT Limits'
Bacteria:
Total Coliform Present/Absent
Fecal Coliform PresenYAbsent-
() ample does meet State bacteriological standards.
(ample does not meet State bacteriological standards.
Nitrate 1.Omg1L
i,li
-------------------- --------
___ 10mg1L
Nitrite
0.02 mA
1mg/L
Copper
0.005 mg1L
1.3 mg1L
Iron
0.05 mg/L
0.3 mg&
Lead
0.005mg/L
0.015 mgt
Fluoride
0.1mg/L
4.0 rng/L
Other chemistry
Date Reported l v 1kf�j) Cedfied By: ( 211
V LT a Leas Than)
'AAowable Umhs as determined by the USEPA

APPENDIX E
Access Road Maintenance Plan
Page 274 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

EAST YANCEY WATER AND SEWER DISTRICT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
ACCESS ROAD OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
1. Provide periodic inspections, especially immediately following storms with a 10 -year or
greater return frequency to identify repair and maintenance needs.
2. Inspect culverts, roadside ditches, water bars and outlets after each major runoff event and
restore flow capacity as needed to ensure proper cross section is available and outlets are stable.
3. Check areas where unusual settlement has occurred. Determine cause of settlement and fill
low areas in travel treads and re -grade or otherwise repair, as needed, to maintain road cross -
section.
4. Maintain design width and crown with periodic grading and shaping. Promptly repair or
replace damaged surface courses with fresh stone.
5. Remove dead or dying woody vegetation from the road right -of -way as necessary to minimize
potential road blockages.
6. Remove debris from culvert openings to prevent blockage of drainage crossings.
7. Maintain vegetated areas in adequate cover. Re -seed and mow as needed.
8. Keep associated diversions, waterways and ditches clean of sediment and debris that may
cause water to back up on to access roads.
9. In periods of freezing weather, avoid unnecessarily scraping the roadway.
10. Use of de -icing chemicals, salt, or dust control chemicals is strictly prohibited. Should
traction need to be improved during freezing weather, sand may be applied to trouble spots.

APPENDIX F
Yancey County Building Inspections Department Connection Requirement Letter
Page 276 Biological Assessment
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
January 17, 2014

COUNTYMANAGER
Nathan Bennett
Y
.�V1TCY COUNTY
110 Town Square, Room 11 - Burnsville, North Carolina 28714
PHONE: [phone] - FAX: [phone]
Mr. Nathan Bennett
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
110 Town Square, Room 11
Burnsville, North Carolina 28714
Dear Mr. Bennett:
January 17, 2014
COMMISSIONERS
JillAustin
Jim Edwards
Randy 011is
Johnny Riddle
Jeff Whitson
RE: Future On -Site Wastewater Systems in the
East Yancey Water and Sewer District
Yancey County, North Carolina
In accordance with Chapter 7 of the 2012 North Carolina Plumbing Code, it is the policy of the
Yancey County Building Inspections Department that:
"Every building in which plumbing fixtures are installed and all
premises having drainage piping shall be connected to a public sewer,
where available, or an approved private sewage disposal system. "
In accordance with this requirement, it is the intention of the Yancey County Building
Inspection Department that said buildings located within reasonable proximity of the existing
wastewater collection system of the East Yancey Water and Sewer District shall not be permitted to
construct private sewage disposal systems, but instead be required to connect to the public system.
This shall also include instances where existing private systems within reasonable proximity to the
public system have failed or are in the process of failing and require rehabilitation or replacement of
such nature that they require a building permit.
If you require any additional information of the intent of the Building Inspection Department's
intended application of this portion of the building code, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
N L cCURRY
Yancey County Building Inspector