20140562 Ver 1_401 Application_20140614

McGill
A S S O C I A T E S
May 30, 2014
NCDENR — Division of Water Resources
Wetlands Branch — Water Quality Programs
401 & Buffer Permitting Unit
512 North Salisbury Street
9th Floor Archdale Building
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 -1170
Dear Sir or Madam:
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ENGINEERING & g
RE: Elmwood Cemetery Sewer Replacement
Pre - Construction Notification
City of Henderson, North Carolina
On behalf of the City of Henderson, please find enclosed for your review and approval
three (3) copies of the Pre - Construction Notification form for the above referenced project. The
properly executed Pre - Construction Notification Form is accompanied with the following
documentation:
• Check in the amount of $240.00 the application fee
• Two (2) full size plan sets
• Three (3) half size plan sets
• Appendix to the PCN form containing back -up documentation
If you have any questions or require additional information regarding this application, please
feel free to contact our office at 828 - 328 -2024.
Sincerely,
McGILL ASSOCIATES, P.A.
PX W
JOEL A. WHITFORD, PE
Project Manager
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Enclosures
cc: Mr. Frank Frazier, City of Henderson
Mr. Doug Chapman, PE, McGill Associates, PA
1240 19th Street, Lane NW P.O. Box 1136 ph. 828.328.2024
Hickory, North Carolina 28601 Hickory, North Carolina 28603 f. 828 328.3870 www.mcgillengincers.com

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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre- Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit F] Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: or General Permit (GP) number:
1 c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
❑ Yes
® No
1d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
❑ Yes ® No
For the record only for Corps Permit:
❑ Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in -lieu
fee program.
❑Yes
No
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes
® No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes
® No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project:
Elmwood Cemetery Sewer Replacement
2b. County:
Vance
2c. Nearest municipality / town:
City of Henderson
2d. Subdivision name:
N/A
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no:
N/A
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
#1: Hillcrest Associates (sewer easement); #2: City of Henderson right -of -way
3b. Deed Book and Page No.
#1: DB 0559, Pg. 0670; #2: N/A
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
Franklin Frazier, Assistant City Manager, City of Henderson
3d. Street address:
134 Rose Avenue
3e. City, state, zip:
Henderson, NC 27536
3f. Telephone no.:
252 -430 -5703
3g. Fax no.:
252-492 -7935
' 14
3h. Email address:
D WR _
Stonr,W r Branch
Page 1 of 11
PCN Form —Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is:
❑ Agent ❑ Other, specify:
4b. Name:
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name:
Joel A. Whitford, PE
5b. Business name
(if applicable):
McGill Associates
5c. Street address:
1240 19th Street Lane NW
5d. City, state, zip:
Hickory, NC 28601
5e. Telephone no.:
828- 328 -2024
5f.. Fax no.:
828 - 328 -3870
5g. Email address:
joel .whitford @mcgillengineers.com
Page 2 of 11

B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
#1: 0072 02001; #2: N/A
#1: Latitude 36.336111 N Longitude 78.413056 W
1b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
#2: Latitude 36.330278 N Longitude 78.413333 W
(DD.DDDDDD) (- DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size:
#1: 13.4 ac, #2: N/A
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
Nutbush Creek Tributary 3b
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
unknown
2c. River basin: map is available at
Roanoke
http : / /h2o.enr.state.nc.us /admin /maps/
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
The existing sites are generally within an existing sewer easement.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
0
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
80 feet (total portion for project)
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
The existing gravity sewer is an 18 -inch gravity sewer that has been identified for replacement and upgrade to
24 -inch due to sewer age and upstream infiltration /inflow.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
The project generally includes the replacement of approximately 3,220 linear feet of existing 18 -inch gravity
sewer with 24 -inch ductile iron gravity sewer and 1,820 linear feet of 15 -inch gravity sewer with 18 -inch ductile
iron gravity sewer. New precast concrete sewer manholes will be installed and fitted with flood protection
measures as required. All replaced sewer infrastructure will be installed with ductile iron pipe using open
trenching techniques.
Page 3 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
El Yes ®No El Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
El Preliminary ❑Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Agency /Consultant Company:
Name (if known): N/A
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
N/A
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
El Yes ®No El Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to, "help file" instructions.
N/A
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. If yes, explain.
N/A
Page 4 of 11

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
❑ Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ❑ Buffers
❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.
2e.
2f.
Wetland impact
Type of jurisdiction
number —
Type of impact
Type of wetland
Forested
(Corps - 404, 10
Area of impact
Permanent (P) or
(if known)
DWQ — non -404, other)
(acres)
Temporary
W1 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W2 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
3b.
3c.
3d.
3e.
3f.
3g.
Stream impact
Type of impact
Stream name
Perennial
Type of jurisdiction
Average
Impact
number -
(PER) or
(Corps - 404, 10
stream
length
Permanent (P) or
intermittent
DWQ — non -404,
width
(linear
Temporary (T)
(INT)?
other)
(feet)
feet)
S1 ❑ P ® T
Pipeline installation
Nutbush Creek
Tributary 3b
® PER
❑ INT
® Corps
❑ DWQ
15
40
S2 ❑ P ® T
Pipeline installation
UT to Nutbush
Creek Tributary 3
❑ PER
® INT
® Corps
❑ DWQ
5
40
S3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
[:],INT
❑ DWQ
S6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
3i. Comments:
Page 5 of 11

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a.
4b.
4c.
4d.
4e.
Open water
Name of waterbody
impact number —
(if applicable)
Type of impact
Waterbody type
Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P)
or Temporary
01 ❑P ❑T
02 ❑P ❑T
03 ❑P ❑T
04 ❑P ❑T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a.
5b.
5c.
5d.
5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres)
Stream Impacts (feet)
Upland
Pond ID
Proposed use or purpose of
(acres)
number
pond
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes ❑ No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
•
❑ Neuse ❑ Tar - Pamlico ❑ Other:
Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman
6b.
6c.
6d.
6e.
6f.
6g.
Buffer impact
number —
Reason
Buffer
Zone 1 impact
. Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P)
for impact
Stream name
mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
or Temporary
required?
B1 ❑P ❑T
F1 Yes
❑ No
B2 ❑P ❑T
❑Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6 of 11

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Preliminary site visits were held in order to determine the most feasible alternative for replacing the existing aerial
18 -inch gravity sewer line. The most viable and feasible alternative for relocating the sewer line is to construct a new
aerial creek crossing just upstream of the existing aerial crossing.
b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Disturbed areas affecting the stream banks will be graded at a 2:1 maximum slope, tying into the existing
ground, planted with temporary and native grass seed and stabilized with a biodegradable erosion control
matting and minimal rip rap.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
❑ Yes ® No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑ Corps
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
❑ Mitigation bank
❑ Payment to in -lieu fee program
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type
Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In -lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in -lieu fee program is attached.
❑ Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
❑ warm ❑ cool ❑cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non - riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4h. Comments:
Page 7 of 11
PCN Form —Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal /state /local) funds or the
® Yes ❑ No
use of public (federal /state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑ Yes ® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.)
❑ Yes ❑ No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑ Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 26 .0200)?
2b. Is this an after- the -fact permit application?
❑ Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s): N/A
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
❑Yes ®No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non- discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater is generated from this sewer replacement project.
Page 10 of 11
PCN Form —Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
❑ Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
❑ Yes ® No
impacts?
❑ Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
❑ Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
hftp://www.tws.gov/nc-es/es/countyfr.htmi
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
hftp://www.ncdenr.org/web/wq
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
❑ Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
hitp: / /www.hpo.ncdcr.gov /, http: / /www.ncnhp.org
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA - designated -100 -year floodplain?
® Yes ❑ No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: Project is replacement of existinq sewer with flood protection
measures as required
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? FEMA Firm maps
Franklin Frazier
Assistant City Manager
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City of Henderson, North Carolina��
Date
Applicant/Agent's ignature
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.)
Page 11 of 11

APPENDICES
A: USGS Topographical Map Excerpt
B: Wetlands Map
C: USDA Soils Report

APPENDIX A
USGS Topographical Map Excerpt

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APPENDIX B
Wetlands Map

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APPENDIX C
USDA Soils ,Report

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Preface
J
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (hftp: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
nres /main /soils /health /) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (http: //
offices.sc.egov. usda .gov /locator /app ?agency =nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (hftp: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps/ portal /nres /detail /soils /contactus /?
cid= nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720 -2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250 -9410 or call (800) 795 -3272
(voice) or (202) 720 -6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.

Contents
Preface...................................................................................... ..............................2
HowSoil Surveys
Are Made .................................................... ..............................5
SoilMap .............................................:......................................
..............................7
SoilMap ..................................................................................
..............................8
Legend....................................................................................
..............................9
MapUnit Legend ................................................................... .............................10
MapUnit Descriptions ........................................................... .............................10
Vance County, North Carolina ........................................... .............................13
ApB—
Appling sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .......... .............................13
AuB-
Appling -Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes .......................14
CeB2
—Cecil sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, eroded ....................15
CeD2
—Cecil sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded ...............
-.17
CuB —Cecil
-Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes ...........................18
HeB—
Helena sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ........... .............................19
IrB— Iredell fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ........ .............................20
LoD—
Louisburg (Wateree) loamy coarse sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes .....
22
PaE—
Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes ...... .............................23
WeD—
Wedowee sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes ... .............................25
WeE—
Wedowee sandy loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes . .............................26
WkC—
Wilkes sandy loam, 4 to 10 percent slopes ......... .............................28
WkE—
Wilkes sandy loam, 10 to 40 percent slopes ....... .............................29
References...............................................................................
.............................31
4

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of howthey were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil- vegetation - landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the

Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and /or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil -
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil - landscape -model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field- observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7

36° 20'36 "N
36° 18' 57N
Custom Soil Resource Report
3 Soil Map
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Vance County, North Carolina (NC181)
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
ApB
Appling sandy loam, 2 to 8
33.4
3.0%
percent slopes
Appling -Urban land complex, 2
631.8
57.7%
AuB
to 10 percent slopes
CeB2
Cecil sandy clay loam, 2 to 8
35.7
3.3%
percent slopes, eroded
CeD2
Cecil sandy clay loam, 8 to 15
65.2
6.0%
percent slopes, eroded
CUB
Cecil -Urban land complex, 2 to
244.8
22.4%
10 percent slopes
HeB
Helena sandy loam, 2 to 8
6.7
0.6%
percent slopes
IrB
Iredell fine sandy loam, 2 to 8
0.1
0.0%
percent slopes
2.3
LoD
Louisburg (Wateree) loamy
0.2%
coarse sand, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
PaE
Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 40
19.2
1.8%
percent slopes
WeD
Wedowee sandy loam, 8 to 15
34.8
3.2%
percent slopes
0.1
WeE
Wedowee sandy loam, 15 to 40
0.0%
percent slopes
WkC
Wilkes sandy loam, 4 to 10
9.3
0.8%
percent slopes
WkE Wilkes sandy loam, 10 to 40
11.7
1.1%
percent slopes
Totals for Area of Interest
1,095.1
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
10

Custom Soil Resource Report
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha -
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Vance County, North Carolina
ApB— Appling sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation- 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Appling and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components. 7 percent
Description of Appling
Setting
Landform- Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: very strongly acid, sandy loam
E - 6 to 9 inches: very strongly acid, sandy loam
BE - 9 to 12 inches: very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 12 to 48 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 48 to 53 inches: very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
C - 53 to 80 inches: very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope. 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class. Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table. More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding None
Frequency of pondrng: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Land capability classification (irngated). None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group. B
Minor Components
Vance
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Down -slope shape. Convex
Across -slope shape- Convex
Helena
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional). Summit, footslope
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
AuB— Appling -Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost-free period.- 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Appling and similar soils: 55 percent
Urban land. 35 percent
Minor components 9 percent
Description of Appling
Setting
Landform. Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape. Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: very strongly acid, sandy loam
E - 6 to 9 inches: very strongly acid, sandy loam
BE - 9 to 12 inches very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 12 to 48 inches - very strongly acid, clay
BC - 48 to 53 inches: very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
C - 53 to 80 Inches very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature., -More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profle: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated). None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated) - 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group - B
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape- Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated) - None specified
Land capability classification (nonirngated) - 8
Minor Components
Vance
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform. Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional) - Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape. Convex
Helena
Percent of map unit. 3 percent
Landform Ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional) - Summit, footslope
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
CeB2 —Cecil sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature. 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period - 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Cecil, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 88 percent
Minor components 12 percent
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Cecil, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape. Convex
Across -slope shape. Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 6 to 40 inches: moderately acid, clay
BC - 40 to 48 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 48 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope, 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated) - 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Minor Components
Madison, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape. Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Vance, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape- Convex
16

Custom Soil Resource Report
CeD2 —Cecil sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature. 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Cecil, moderately eroded, and similar soils. 92 percent
Minor components: 8 percent
Description of Cecil, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional) Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three- dimensional). Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches strongly acid, sandy clay loam
St - 6 to 40 inches: moderately acid, clay
BC ­40 to 55 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 55 to 80 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat) Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding- None
Available water storage in profile- Moderate (about 8.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Minor Components
Madison, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
17

Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform position (two- dimensional).
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional).
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Wedowee
Percent of map unit. 3 percent
Landform. Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional) -
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional):
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
CuB —Cecil -Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Cecil and similar soils: 55 percent
Urban land: 30 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Description of Cecil
Setting
Landform Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three - dimensional). Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape, Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
AP - 0 to 6 inches. strongly acid, sandy clay loam
St - 6 to 40 inches, moderately acid, clay
BC - 40 to 48 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 48 to 80 inches. strongly acid, sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature- More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat) - Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding. None
18

Custom Soil Resource Report
Available water storage in profile, Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Parent material. Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification, Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Minor Components
Udorthents, loamy
Percent of map unit. 10 percent
Landform - Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape- Linear
Across -slope shape Convex
HeB— Helena sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation. 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation- 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period- 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Helena and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 8 percent
Description of Helena
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional) Summit, footslope
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 Inches: moderately acid, sandy loam
19

Custom Soil Resource Report
E - 8 to 12 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Bt - 12 to 39 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 39 to 46 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 46 to 80 inches: very strongly acid, coarse sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope. 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature - More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in /hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile - Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Minor Components
Vance
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional).
Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional)
Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape Convex
Wedowee
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional):
Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional):
Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Worsham, undrained
Percent of map unit: 0 percent
Landform: Depressions
Landform position (two - dimensional)
Footslope
Down -slope shape- Concave
Across -slope shape- Concave
IrB— Iredell fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
20

Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual precipitation 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature. 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period. 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Iredell and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components. 15 percent
Description of Iredell
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional). Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional)- Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Saprolite derived from diorite and /or gabbro and /or diabase and /or
gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 Inches: slightly acid, fine sandy loam
St - 6 to 24 inches: slightly acid, clay
BC - 24 to 28 inches. neutral, clay loam
C - 28 to 80 inches neutral, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope. 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in /hr)
Depth to water table- About 12 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding. None
Frequency of pondIng � None
Available water storage In profile: High (about 10.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated) None specified
Land capability classification (nonirngated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Minor Components
Sedgefield
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional). Summit, footslope
Down -slope shape Concave
Across -slope shape. Concave
Wynott
Percent of map unit. 4 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional) Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
21

Custom Soil Resource Report
Across -slope shape Convex
Armenia, undrained
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on interfluves
Landform position (two - dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape- Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
LoD— Louisburg (Wateree) loamy coarse sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days 19
Map Unit Composition
Wateree and similar soils: 70 percent
Minor components: 30 percent
Description of Wateree
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional). Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional) - Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and /or gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 11 inches- strongly acid, loamy coarse sand
Bw - 11 to 22 inches- strongly acid, sandy loam
Cr - 22 to 50 inches weathered bedrock
R - 50 to 80 inches , unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope. 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 40 to 60 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat). Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding. None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.8 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification. Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated) - 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Minor Components
Louisburg
Percent of map unit: 12 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional):
Backslope
Landform positron (three - dimensional):
Side slope
Down -slope shape- Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Ashlar
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional).
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional).
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Wedowee
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional) -
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional)
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Wake
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform - Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional):
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional)
- Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
PaE— Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation, 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period.- 200 to 240 days
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Pacolet and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Description of Pacolet
Setting
Landform - Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional). Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 5 inches, strongly acid, sandy loam
E - 5 to 8 inches. strongly acid, sandy loam
Bt - 8 to 29 inches: strongly acid, clay
BC - 29 to 38 Inches: strongly acid, sandy clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 45 percent
Depth to restrictive feature, More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class. Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table- More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile. Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification. Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrngated) 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group. B
Minor Components
Madison
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear .
Across -slope shape: Convex
Bethlehem
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Wateree
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform - Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional) Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
WeD— Wedowee sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Wedowee and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 13 percent
Description of Wedowee
Setting
Landform - Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy loam
BE - 7 to 10 inches slightly acid, clay loam
Bt - 10 to 26 inches strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 36 inches strongly acid, clay loam
C - 36 to 80 Inches: very strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile - Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification- Farmland of statewide importance
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Land capability classification (irrigated). None specified
Land capability classification (nonirngated). 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group B
Minor Components
Wateree
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional). Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape- Linear
Across -slope shape. Convex
Rion
Percent of map unit- 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional):
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional):
Side slope
Down -slope shape. Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Louisburg
Percent of map unit.- 2 percent
Landform. Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional).
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional).
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
WeE— Wedowee sandy loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes
.Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period - 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Wedowee and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Description of Wedowee
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and /or schist
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 4 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
E - 4 to 7 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Bt - 7 to 23 inches: strongly acid, clay
BC - 23 to 35 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 35 to 80 inches, strongly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 40 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class- Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table- More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding- None
Frequency of ponding - None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irngated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirngated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Minor Components
Wateree
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional). Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional). Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Ashlar
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional) - Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Wake
Percent of map unit. 2 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -s lope shape Linear
Across -slope shape Convex
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit., 1 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
WkC— Wilkes sandy loam, 4 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation. 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Wilkes and similar soils: 65 percent
Minor components: 28 percent
Description of Wilkes
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional). Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from diorite and /or gabbro and /or diabase
and /or gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
E - 3 to 6 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Bt - 6 to 10 inches: slightly acid, clay
C /Bt - 10 to 13 inches: slightly acid, clay loam
Cr - 13 to 48 inches. , weathered bedrock
R - 48 to 80 inches. , unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 6 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 80 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat) Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification. Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Winnsboro
Percent of map unit- 15 percent
Landform Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional):
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional).
Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape- Convex
Wynott
Percent of map unit- 10 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional).
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional)
- Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Sedgefield
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform. Ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional):
Summit, footslope
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
WkE- Wilkes sandy loam, 10 to 40 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Map Unit Composition
Wilkes and similar soils 60 percent
Minor components: 31 percent
Description of Wilkes
Setting
Landform Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional) Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional). Side slope
Down -slope shape Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Residuum weathered from diorite and /or gabbro and /or diabase
and /or gneiss
Typical profile
A - 0 to 3 Inches- strongly acid, sandy loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
E - 3 to 6 inches: strongly acid, sandy loam
Bt - 6 to 10 inches. slightly acid, clay
C /Bt - 10 to 13 inches: slightly acid, clay loam
Cr - 13 to 48 inches- , weathered bedrock
R - 48 to 80 inches. , unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 45 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 80 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00 to
0.01 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding- None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group D
Minor Components
Winnsboro '
Percent of map unit: 20 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional).
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional)
- Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Wyn ott
Percent of map unit. 10 percent
Landform. Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional):
Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional)
- Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit. 1 percent
30

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487 -00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS /OBS- 79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres/
detail / national /soils / ?cid= nres142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
nres/ detail / national /soils / ?cid= nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps/
portal /n res/ detail / national /soils / ?cid= nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways* Experiment Station Technical
Report Y -87 -1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http: / /wwW.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres /detail /soils/
home / ?cid= nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres/
detail / national /la nduse /rangepasture/ ?cid= stelprdb 1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430 -VI. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
n res /deta i I /soi Is/ scientists / ?cid =nres 142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http: / /www.nres.usda'.gov /wps /portal /nres /detail /national /soils /?
cid =n res 142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http: //
www. nres. usda. gov / Internet /FSE _DOCUMENTS /nresl 42p2_052290.pdf
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