20140548 Ver 1_401 Application_20140614

MCGM*
A S S O C I A T E S
May 30, 2014
NCDENR — Division of Water Resources
Wetlands Branch — Water Quality Programs
401 & Buffer Permitting Unit
512 North Salisbury Street
9th Floor Archdale Building
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 -1170
Dear Sir or Madam:
2® 9405 At
RE: Meadowood Sewer Replacement
Pre - Construction Notification
City of Lenoir, North Carolina
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ENGINEERING 6
On behalf of the City of Lenoir, please find enclosed for your review and approval the
Pre - Construction Notification for the subject project. The following documentation is included:
• Pre - Construction Notification Form
• Check in the amount of $240.00 the application fee
• Two (2) full size plan sets
• Three (3) half size plan sets
• Appendix to the PCN form containing back -up documentation
If you have any questions or require additional information regarding this application,
please feel free to contact our office at 828 - 328 -2024.
Sincerely,
McGILL ASSOCIATES, P.A.
k
JOEL A. WHITFORD, PE
Project Manager
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Enclosures
cc: W. Lane Bailey, City of Lenoir
Radford Thomas, City of Lenoir
1240 19th Street, Lane NW P.O. Box 1136 ph: 828.328.2024
Hickory, North Carolina 28601 Hickory, North Carolina 28603 f` 828.328.3870 www.mcgillengineers.com,

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D Corps action ID no.
o Y DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Page 1 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
Pre - Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A.
Applicant Information
1.
Processing
1a.
Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit El Section 10 Permit
1b.
Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: or General Permit (GP) number:
1c.
Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
❑ Yes
® No
1 d.
Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1e.
Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
❑ Yes ® No
For the record only
❑ Yes
for Corps Permit:
® No
1f.
Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in -lieu
fee program.
❑ Yes
® No
1 g.
Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes
® No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes
® No
2.
Project Information
2a.
Name of project:
Meadowood Sewer Replacement
2b.
County:
Caldwell
2c.
Nearest municipality / town:
City of Lenoir
2d.
Subdivision name:
N/A
2e.
NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no:
N/A
Ong
3.
Owner Information
3a.
Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
City of Lenoir ]rch
0 2 1814
3b.
Deed Book and Page No.
N /A; Sewer easements
W. Lane Bailey, City Manager, City of Lenoir
WA i
Bran
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
3d. Street address:
840 West Ave NW
3e.
City, state, zip:
Lenoir, NC 28645
3f.
Telephone no.:
828 - 757 -2200
3g.
Fax no.:
3h.
Email address:
lbailey @ci.nc.state.us
Page 1 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4.
Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a.
Applicant is:
❑ Agent ❑ Other, specify:
4b.
Name:
4c.
Business name
(if applicable):
4d.
Street address:
4e.
City, state, zip:
4f.
Telephone no.:
4g.
Fax no.:
4h.
Email address:
5.
Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a.
Name:
Joel A. Whitford, PE
5b.
Business name
(if applicable):
McGill Associates
5c.
Street address:
1240 19th Street Lane NW
5d.
City, state, zip:
Hickory, NC 28601
5e. Telephone no.:
828 - 328 -2024
5f.
Fax no.:
828 - 328 -3870
5g.
Email address:
joel .whitford @mcgillengineers.com
Page 2 of 12

B.
Project Information and Prior Project History
1.
Property Identification
#1:2766690564,#2:2766486954,#3:2766484714,
1a.
Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
#4:2766288787,#5:2766192049,#6:2766092610,
#7:2766092610
#1: Latitude: 35.838056N, Longitude: 81.478333W
#2: Latitude: 35.837639N, Longitude: 81.480000W
#3: Latitude: 35.836670N, Longitude: 81.481944W
1 b.
Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
#4: Latitude: 35.837361N, Longitude: 81.486806W
#5: Latitude: 35.836944N, Longitude: 81.491944W
#6: Latitude: 35.837083N, Longitude: 81.494028W
#7: Latitude: 35.838333N, Longitude: 81.496111W
1c.
Property size:
#1: 14.14 ac, #2: 10.98 ac, #3: 2.42 ac, #4: 3.28 ac,
#5: 3.14 ac, #6: 10.31 ac, #7: 10.31 ac
2.
Surface Waters
2a.
Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
Little Gunpowder Creek
proposed project:
2b.
Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
C; WS -IV
2c.
River basin: map is available at
Catawba
http : / /h2o.enr.state.nc.us /admin /maps/
3.
Project Description
3a.
Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
The existing site is generally a sewer line easement. An existing sewer line is in this vicinity.
3b.
List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
Varies; multiple properties
3c.
List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
Varies; multiple properties
3d.
Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
The Meadowood gravity sewer is a 12 -inch gravity sewer that has been identified for replacement due to age and
associated infiltration and inflow and proximity to the creek and wetlands. The project generally includes the
replacement of existing 12 -inch gravity sewer with up to 8,000 linear feet of ductile iron gravity sewer.
3e.
Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
The project generally includes the replacement of up to 8,000 linear feet of existing 12 -inch vitrified clay gravity
sewer with 8,000 linear feet of ductile iron gravity sewer. New new precast concrete sewer manholes will be
installed and fitted with flood protection measures. All replaced sewer infrastructure will be installed with ductile
iron pipe using open trenching techniques.
The 12 -inch sewer line to be replaced will remain in service while the new 12 -inch sewer line is installed. The
new 12 -inch sewer line will be tied to the existing sewer outfall line by a doghouse manhole, while the most
upstream section of the new sewer line will be tied to an existing manhole. The creek crossings will involve 12-
inch ductile iron pipe installed below the creek bed. Upon installation, stream banks will be restored
biodegradable matting, native grass mix, and rip rap if necessary.
Page 3 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4.
Jurisdictional Determinations
4a.
Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
Yes ❑ No ® Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b.
If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
El Preliminary El Final
of determination was made?
4c.
If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Agency /Consultant Company:
Name (if known): N/A
Other:
4d.
If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
N/A
5.
Project History
5a.
Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
❑ Yes ❑ No ® Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b.
If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
N/A
6.
Future Project Plans
6a.
Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes ® No
6b.
If yes, explain.
N/A
Page 4 of 12

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
® Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ❑ Buffers
❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.
2e.
2f.
Wetland impact
Type of jurisdiction
number —
Type of impact
Type of wetland
Forested
(Corps - 404, 10
Area of impact
Permanent (P) or
(if known)
DWQ — non -404, other)
(acres)
Temporary T
W1 ❑ PMT
Pipeline installation
unknown
® Yes
❑ No
❑ Corps
❑ DWQ
0.046
W2 ❑ P ® T
Pipeline installation
unknown
® Yes
❑ No
❑ Corps
❑ DWQ
0.03
W3 ❑ P ®T
Pipeline installation
unknown
® Yes
❑ No
❑ Corps
❑ DWQ
0.03
W4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W5 ❑ P FIT
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
3b.
3c.
3d.
3e.
3f.
3g.
Stream impact
Type of impact
Stream name
Perennial
Type of jurisdiction
Average
Impact
number -
(PER) or
(Corps - 404, 10
stream
length
Permanent (P) or
intermittent
DWQ —non -404,
width
(linear
Temporary (T)
(INT)?
( ) •
other)
(feet)
feet)
S1 ❑ PMT
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
S2 ❑ P ®T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
S3 ❑ P ❑ T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
Gunpowder Creek
❑ PER
® INT
❑ Corps
❑ DWQ
5
20
S4 ❑ P ❑ T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
S5 ❑ P ❑ T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
S6 ❑ P ❑ T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
S7 ❑ P ❑ T
Pipeline installation
UT to Little
❑ PER
❑ Corps
5
20
Gunpowder Creek
® INT
❑ DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
140
3i. Comments:
Page 5 of 12

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a. I 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number — (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P)
or Temporary T
01 ❑P ❑T
02 ❑P ❑T
03 ❑P ❑T
04 ❑P ❑T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
Pond ID Proposed use or purpose of (acres)
number pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes ❑ No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below.
If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then
you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
❑ Neuse
❑ Tar - Pamlico ❑ Other:
Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Catawba
❑ Randleman
6b.
6c.
6d.
6e.
6f.
6g.
Buffer impact
number —
Reason
Buffer
Zone 1 impact
Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P)
for impact
Stream
name
mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
or Temporary T
required?
131 ❑P ❑T
El Yes
❑ No
B2 ❑P ❑T
El Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑P ❑T
El Yes
❑ No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6 of 12

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1 a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Preliminary site visits were held in order to determine the most feasible alternative for replacing the existing 12 -inch
gravity sewer line. The proposed sewer line will be installed parallel to the existing line. In some locations, the sewer
line is being shifted out of the wetlands. The lengths of stream impacts are being set to minimize the disturbed
corridor.
b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Disturbed areas affecting the stream banks will be graded at a 2:1 maximum slope, tying into the existing
ground, planted with temporary and native grass seed, stabilized with a biodegradable erosion control matting,
and rip rap provided if necessary. Contractor shall use mats when working in the wetland area. Temporary
impacts up to 20' width in wetland areas. Removed material will be sidecast and then returned to the sewer pipe
trench for partial backfill.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
❑ Yes ® No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑ Corps
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
❑ Mitigation bank
❑ Payment to in -lieu fee program
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type
Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In -lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in -lieu fee program is attached.
❑Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
❑ warm ❑ cool ❑cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non - riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4,h. Comments:
Page 7 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? If yes, you will have to fill out this entire form — please
contact the State for more information.
El Yes No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
Zone
6c.
Reason for impact
6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier
6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1
3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2
1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in -lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 12

E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
❑ Yes ® No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
❑ Yes No
®
Comments:
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project?
N/A %
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ Yes ❑ No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
❑ Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ DWQ Stormwater Program
❑ DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project?
Caldwell County
® Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally - implemented stormwater management programs
❑ NSW
apply (check all that apply):
❑ USMP
❑ Water Supply Watershed
❑ Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ❑ No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
❑ Coastal counties
4a. Which of the'following state - implemented stormwater management programs apply
❑ HQW
❑ ORW
(check all that apply):
❑ Session Law 2006 -246
❑ Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached?
❑ Yes ® No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
❑ Yes ❑ No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
❑ Yes ❑ No
Page 9 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal /state /local) funds or the
®Yes ❑ No
use of public (federal /state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑ Yes ® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA /SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.)
❑ Yes ❑ No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑ Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200) ?'
2b. Is this an after - the -fact permit application?
❑ Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s): N/A
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
❑ Yes ® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non- discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from,
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater is generated from this sewer replacement project.
Page 10 of 12
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
56. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
❑ Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
❑Yes ®No
impacts?
El Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
❑ Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/es/countyfr.htmi
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
TO Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
http: / /www.ncdenr.org /web /wq
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
❑ Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
http: / /www.hpo.ncdcr.-govl, http: / /www.ncnhp.org
Page 11 of 12

Page 12 of 12
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA- designated 100 -year floodplain?
® Yes ❑ No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: Project is "like for like" replacement of existing pipe
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? FEMA Firm maps
W. Lane Bailey, City Manager
City of Lenoir, North Carolina
Applicant/Agent's Signat;ed.)
Date"
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name
(Agent's signature is valid only if an aization letter
from the applicant is rove
Page 12 of 12

APPENDICES
A: USGS Topographical Map Excerpt
B: Catawba River Basin Riparian Buffer Fact Sheet
C: Wetlands Map
D: USDA Soils Report

APPENDIX A
USGS Topographical Map Excerpt

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APPENDIX B
Catawba River Basin Riparian Buffer Fact Sheet

Riparian Buffers Fact Sheet
For the Catawba River and Mainstem Lakes
What are Riparian Buffers?
Riparian buffers refer to forested or vegetated
strips of land that border creeks, rivers and
lakes for the purposes of water quality and
ecological protection.
Why Should We Protect Buffers?
Lakes along the mainstem of the Catawba River
are in trouble. Three lakes (Rhodhiss, Hickory
and Wylie) have documented water quality
problems from excessive nutrients (nitrogen and
phosphorus), and others may follow. Riparian
buffers are one way to help protect the Catawba
River and its lakes from runoff pollution,
particularly from new development.
Water Quality Benefits of Buffers
• Filtering runoff - -Rain that runs off the land
can be slowed and infiltrated in the buffer,
which helps capture nutrients, sediment and
other pollutants before they reach the lakes.
• Protects banks from erosion - -If not
undermined, tree roots help hold the bank soils
together and stems protect banks by deflecting
the cutting actions of currents, waves, boat
wakes, and stormwater.
• Nutrient Removal -- Phosphorus and
nitrogen from fertilizers and animal waste are
taken up by tree roots where they are then
stored in leaves, limbs and roots instead of
reaching the water. Some groundwater
nitrogen is also converted to nitrogen gas by
bacteria that live around the roots.
Secondary Buffer Benefits
. Provides Canopy and Shade -- Shading by
lake vegetation can moderate water temperature
along the shoreline providing some relief for
aquatic life in the hot summer months.
• Provides food 'and habitat for wildlife- -
Leaves fall into a lake or river where they
provide food to the aquatic food chain. The
riparian buffer itself also offers habitat for many
animals including songbirds, deer, foxes, turtles
and amphibians.
Buffer has two zones
The Catawba Riparian Buffer Protection Rules call
for a two -zone buffer as shown below. Zone 1
(closest to the shoreline) is an undisturbed 30 -foot
forest buffer. Zone 1 is designed to protect water
quality as well as the lake ecosystem. Since this
area is forested with undisturbed soils, this zone
removes, transforms and stores nutrients,
sediments and other pollutants in runoff and
groundwater. It also stabilizes the bank and
provides habitat and food for aquatic organisms.
Zone 2, just upslope from Zone 1, consists of a 20
foot managed zone. This zone can be grass or
other vegetation. The grass in Zone 2
compliments the forest by the roughness of the
terrain and acting as a barrier to horizontal flow.
This slowing of the water velocity allows for
increased residence time in the buffer, increases
sediment and adsorbed pollutant removal, and
allows for infiltration of ground water.
How R:parjan Buffers
W olk
Nuteient
and/or Vegetation
Vegetanon
Sedan ent filters
Pmvrles shade for
seder ent
source
aquatic life
and
Atrn os N
numents
Runoff atxached to
` di a t.
• Filtering runoff - -Rain that runs off the land
can be slowed and infiltrated in the buffer,
which helps capture nutrients, sediment and
other pollutants before they reach the lakes.
• Protects banks from erosion - -If not
undermined, tree roots help hold the bank soils
together and stems protect banks by deflecting
the cutting actions of currents, waves, boat
wakes, and stormwater.
• Nutrient Removal -- Phosphorus and
nitrogen from fertilizers and animal waste are
taken up by tree roots where they are then
stored in leaves, limbs and roots instead of
reaching the water. Some groundwater
nitrogen is also converted to nitrogen gas by
bacteria that live around the roots.
Secondary Buffer Benefits
. Provides Canopy and Shade -- Shading by
lake vegetation can moderate water temperature
along the shoreline providing some relief for
aquatic life in the hot summer months.
• Provides food 'and habitat for wildlife- -
Leaves fall into a lake or river where they
provide food to the aquatic food chain. The
riparian buffer itself also offers habitat for many
animals including songbirds, deer, foxes, turtles
and amphibians.
Buffer has two zones
The Catawba Riparian Buffer Protection Rules call
for a two -zone buffer as shown below. Zone 1
(closest to the shoreline) is an undisturbed 30 -foot
forest buffer. Zone 1 is designed to protect water
quality as well as the lake ecosystem. Since this
area is forested with undisturbed soils, this zone
removes, transforms and stores nutrients,
sediments and other pollutants in runoff and
groundwater. It also stabilizes the bank and
provides habitat and food for aquatic organisms.
Zone 2, just upslope from Zone 1, consists of a 20
foot managed zone. This zone can be grass or
other vegetation. The grass in Zone 2
compliments the forest by the roughness of the
terrain and acting as a barrier to horizontal flow.
This slowing of the water velocity allows for
increased residence time in the buffer, increases
sediment and adsorbed pollutant removal, and
allows for infiltration of ground water.

Frequently Asked Questions
Regarding Permanent Catawba Riparian Buffer Protection Rules for the
Catawba River Mainstem and Mainstem Lakes from Lake James to Lake Wylie
Q. Who proposed these rules?
activity is specifically allowed in the
A. These permanent rules were proposed by the
Table of Uses or is exempt as discussed
NC Environmental Management Commission
below. Grading and clearing of vegetation in
(EMC) to replace temporary rules that had
the 30 -foot zone nearest the water (Zone 1) is
been in effect since June 30, 2001 and
not allowed except for certain uses, some of
authorized under House Bill 1160 in 1999. The
which are discussed below. The outer 20 -foot
permanent rules were adopted by the EMC in
zone (Zone 2) can be cleared and graded but it
July 2003. They were approved by the Rules
must be revegetated and maintain diffuse flow
Review Commission (RRC) in December 2003.
to Zone 1.
Q. What is the effective date of the
permanent rules?
A. August 1, 2004
Q. Where do the rules apply?
A. The Catawba buffer protection rules apply
within 50 feet of all riparian shorelines along
the Catawba River mainstem below Lake
James and along the seven mainstem lakes
from Lake James to the NC /SC border in the
Catawba River Basin. This includes Lake
James, Lake Rhodhiss, Lake Hickory, Lookout
Shoals Lake, Lake Norman, Mountain Island
Lake, and Lake Wylie (NC portion). The rules
do not include the Catawba River
mainstem above Lake James nor any
other streams in the Catawba Basin.
Q. How wide is the buffer?
A. The buffer is 50 feet wide, measured
horizontally from the water's edge (at full pond
level in the lakes), and has two zones of 30
feet (Zone 1 nearest the water) and 20 feet
(Zone 2 landward of Zone 1). The zones are
shown and discussed on the reverse side.
Q. What do the rules require?
A. The Catawba buffer protection rules require
maintaining and protecting existing 50 -foot
wide vegetated riparian (shoreline) areas along
the Catawba River below Lake James and
along the mainstem lake shorelines from Lake
James to Lake Wylie. The rule precludes
new building and impervious surfaces
within the 50 -foot buffer unless the
Q. Does the rule require planting new
buffers?
A. No, unless the existing use of the land changes
after the effective date of the rule. An
example of a use change would be if
agricultural land that was cultivated up to the
lake edge were developed for residential or
commercial purposes. The new development
would need to establish and maintain a 50 -foot
buffer.
Q Are there exemptions for Existing
Uses?
A. Yes. The footprints of all existing uses are
exempt for continuance of that use. This
includes, but is not limited to, cultivated
cropland, pasture, buildings, industrial,
commercial, and transportation facilities,
lawns, gardens, utility lines, roads, driveways,
walkways, decks, piers, seawalls and septic.
Additional uses that may be exempt, allowable,
or allowable with mitigation are included in a
Table of Uses in the rules., A use shall also be
considered as existing if A project that can be
documented to the NC Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) or the appropriate approved
local government that has vested rights that
were established or recognized for that project
under the common law or by G.S. 153A-
344(b), 153A- 344.1, 160A- 385(b), or 160A-
385.1 prior to July 1, 2001. A use shall also be
considered as existing if it can be documented
to the DWQ or the appropriate approved local
government that meets at least one of the
following criteria:

(A) Project requires a 401 Certification /404
Permit, these were issued prior to June 30,
2001 and are still valid;
(B) Projects that require a state permit, such
as landfills, NPDES wastewater discharges,
land application of residuals and road
construction activities, have begun
construction or are under contract to begin
construction and had received all required
state permits prior to June 30, 2001;
(C) Projects that are being reviewed through
the Clean Water Act Section 404 /National
Environmental Policy Act Merger 01
Process (published by the US Army Corps
of Engineers and Federal Highway
Administration, 2003) or its immediate
successor and that have reached
agreement with DENR on avoidance and
minimization by June 30, 2003; or
(D) Projects that are not required to be
reviewed by the Clean Water Act Section
404 /National Environmental Policy Act
Merger 01 Process (published by the US
Army Corps of Engineers and Federal
Highway Administration, 2003) or its
immediate successor if a Finding of No
Significant Impact has been issued for the
project and the project has the written
approval of the DWQ prior to June 30,
2001.
Q. What CAN you do in the buffer?
A. Certain activities are identified in the rule as
"exempt "' "allowable" I or "allowable with
mitigation ". Over 40 such uses are outlined in
a Table of Uses in the rules. Examples of
"exempt" activities include view corridors
(allows thinning of underbrush, shrubs, trees
less than 3" diameter, and low limbs to provide
views to the lakes), water dependent
activities that do not impact the buffer (such
as boat ramps, docks, boat houses, bulkheads
and access structures), recreational and
accessory structures with a footprint of less
than 150 square feet and utility corridors.
"Allowable" and "allowable with mitigation"
activities require review and written approval
by the DWQ staff and include activities such as
certain road crossings, airstrips, new drainage
ditches, stormwater ponds, buildings, paved
surfaces, etc.
Q. Can you cut trees in the buffer?
A. Limited cutting is permissible. In Zone 2, all
trees can be cut provided that the land is
restabilized and revegetated (e.g. shrubs,
lawn, etc). In Zone 1, individual trees can be
cut that are dead, diseased or damaged, or if
they pose a threat to human life, property or
the shoreline. For continuing forestry
operations, all trees more than 10 feet from
the shoreline and over 12 -inch diameter may
be cut at 15 -year intervals provided the work is
done under a Forest Management Plan
prepared or approved by a registered
professional forester.
Q. Are there any provisions for
undeveloped lots or approved
preliminary subdivision plans that
existed as of June 30, 2001?
A. Yes. All properties in recorded subdivision
plans whether undeveloped or previously built -
upon and any approved preliminary subdivision
plans are exempt from Zone 2 requirements.
In addition, Zone 1 requirements are
"allowable" (can be done with written
permission by the state if no practical
alternative exists).
Q. Are variances allowed?
A. Yes, if it can be shown that there are "no
practical alternatives" to the proposed activity.
Mitigation may be required for a variance.
Q. What is mitigation?
A. Mitigation is a way offsetting the
environmental impacts from a project on a
buffer. A separate buffer mitigation rule
establishes requirements for activities that
state staffs determine are "allowable with
mitigation ". Mitigation, which is required at a
1.5 or 2 to 1 ratio, can take three forms: a)
restoration or enhancement of a non - riparian
buffer, b) payment of a compensatory
mitigation fee to a wetlands and riparian
restoration fund (ranges from $1.44 to $1.92
per sq ft for the footprint of the variance
activity in the buffer), or c) donation of real
property.
Q. Approval of Local Ordinances
A. The Catawba buffer protection rules also give
local governments the opportunity to enforce a

local ordinance in lieu of this rule if the DWQ
determines than the local riparian buffer
ordinance provides equal or greater water
quality protection than the proposed temporary
rules. McDowell and Burke Counties, for
example, have existing buffer protection
ordinances, which could be considered for,
approval under this provision.
Q. How do the permanent rules compare
with the temporary rules? Any major
changes?
A. No major changes have been made to the
Catawba riparian buffer protection rules when
they change from the temporary rules to the
permanent rules. However, some minor
changes were made in the rules to address
concerns and issues raised during the rule -
making process. The following are the
changes made to the rules:
• Add definitions of access trails,
archaeological activities, airport facilities,
approved local government, DBH, forest
plantation, Greenway /Hiking trails, riparian'
buffer enhancement and riparian buffer
restoration.
• Add a paragraph to clarify what is to be
considered converting existing use to
another use.
• "Access trails or roads for accessing
activities allowed in this Rule" under the
Table of Use in the rules has been split into
two categories - "Pedestrian access trails"
and "Vehicular access roads and boat
ramps ". The maximum "except" width for
pedestrian access trails has been reduced
from 7 feet to 4 feet. The maximum
"except" width for vehicular access roads
and boat ramp has been reduced from 15
feet to 10 feet.
• "Dam maintenance activities" under the
Table of Use in the rule has been modified.
• "Fence" under the Table of use in the rule
has been modified. It is an allowable
activity if fence installation results in
removal of trees.
• "Recreational and accessory structures"
under the Table of Use in the rule has been
modified. It is an allowable activity if
footprint of recreational and accessory
structures exceeds 150 square feet, or
except if less than 150 square feet.
Modification has been made to "View
corridors" under the Table of Use in the
rule.
"Water dependent structures" under the
Table of Use in the rule has been modified.
It is an allowable activity if installation and
use of water dependent structures results
in disturbance to riparian buffers, or except
if the buffer is undisturbed.
QUESTIONS?
If'you have Questions, want to request a site ..
visit or report a violation, please contact:
NC Division of Water Quality, Mooresville .
Regional Office for Alexander, Catawba,
Gaston, Tredell, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, and
Union counties or
(704) 663 -1699
NC Division of Water Quality, Asheville .
Regional Office forAvery, Burke, Caldwell,
and McDowell counties
(828) 296 -4500.
If you have any question about the Catawba
riparian buffer protection rules, please contact: -
NC Division of Water Quality, Wetland and
Stormwater Branch at Raleigh
(919) 733 -1786 ,
For copies of rules, please contact:
NC Division of Water Quality - Planning
Section`
[phone] x 558-
The rules can also be viewed or downloaded'
from the DWQ web site at
http-.'//h2o.enr.state.nc.us/,np5""/catawba.htm
NVI

APPENDIX C
Wetlands Map

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APPENDIX D
USDA Soils Report

USDA united states
Department of
Agriculture
MRCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Caldwell County,
North Carolina
May 22, 2014

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases.
Examples include soil quality assessments (http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
nres /main /soils /healthn and certain conservation and engineering applications. For
more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (hffp://
offices.sc.egov.usda.gov /locator /app ?agency =nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres /detail /soils /contactus /?
cid= nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey orwet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
2

for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.).should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720 -2600 (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250 -9410 or call (800) 795 -3272
(voice) or (202) 720 -6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
3

Contents
Preface...................................................................................... ..............................2
HowSoil Surveys Are Made .................................................... ..............................5
SoilMap .................................................................................... ..............................7
SoilMap .................................................................................. ..............................8
Legend.................................................................................... ..............................9
MapUnit Legend ................................................................... .............................10
Map Unit Descriptions ........................................................... .............................11
Caldwell County, North Carolina ........................................ .............................13
CnA— Codorus loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................13
FaB2— Fairview sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately
eroded...................................................................... .............................14
FaC2— Fairview sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, moderately
eroded.............. .....................................................................................
16
FaD2— Fairview sandy clay loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, moderately
eroded...................................................................... .............................17
FeB— Fairview -Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately
eroded...................................................................... .............................19
FeC2— Fairview -Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes,
moderatelyeroded ................................................... .............................20
HaA— Hatboro loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..................22
UeC— Udorthents -Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes .................24
UrC —Urban land, 0 to 15 percent slopes ...................... .............................25
UuB —Urban land- Udorthents complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes,
occasionallyflooded ................................................. .............................25
W— Water ....................................................................... .............................27
WoB— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes .........................
27
WoC— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes .......................29
WoD— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes .....................31
WuB— Woolwine- Fairview -Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ......
33
WuC— Woolwine- Fairview -Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ....
35
References............................................................................... .............................38
4

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil- vegetation - landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes. (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
5

Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and /or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil -
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil - landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and,for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field - observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
A

Soil Ma
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
7

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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
- Caldwell- County, North Carolina (NCO27) ,. .
MapUnit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acresin AOI
Percent of AOI
CnA
Codorus loam, 0 to 2 percent
632
69%
slopes, frequently flooded
FaB2
Fairview sandy clay loam, 2 to 8
11 0
1.2°%
percent slopes, moderately
eroded
FaC2
Fairview sandy clay loam, 8 to 15
385
4.2%
percent slopes, moderately
eroded
FaD2
Fairview sandy clay loam, 15 to
8.0
09%
25 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
FeB
Fairview -Urban land complex, 2
50.1
54%
to 8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
FeC2
Fairview -Urban land complex, 8
335
36%
to 15 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
HaA
Hatboro loam, 0 to 2 percent
6.0
0.6%
slopes, frequently flooded
UeC
Udorthents -Urban land complex,
9.1
1.0°%
0 to 15 percent slopes
UrC
Urban land, 0 to 15 percent
45.4
4.9°%
slopes
UuB
Urban land- Udorthents complex,
1.1
0.1%
0 to 6 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
W
Water
27
0.3°%
WoB
Woolwine- Fairview complex, 2
51 3
56%
to 8 percent slopes
WoC
Woolwine- Fairview complex, 8
240.8
26.2°%
to 15 percent slopes
WoD
Woolwine- Fairview complex, 15
1473
160%
to 25 percent slopes
WuB
Woolwine- Fairview -Urban land
1727
18.8°%
complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
WuC
Woolwine- Fairview -Urban land
391
42%
complex, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
Totals for Area of Interest
919.7
100.0%
10

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Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits forthe properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties _similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, ordissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complexthat it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but ratherto separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned; however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
11

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indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha -
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

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Caldwell County, North Carolina
CnA— Codorus loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,560 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Codorus and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Description of Codorus
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: slightly acid, loam
Bw1 - 8 to 18 inches: strongly acid, silty clay loam
Bw2 - 18 to 30 inches: strongly acid, loam
Bw3 - 30 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, silt loam
BCg - 38 to 50 inches: moderately acid, silt loam
Cg - 50 to 80 inches: moderately acid, silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Minor Components
Hatboro, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
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Across -slope shape: Linear
Pfafftown
Percent of map unit.- 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Dan river
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Comus
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Ronda
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Landform position (three- dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Banister
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flats on stream terraces
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Fa132— Fairview sandy clay loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 84 percent
Minor components: 16 percent
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Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 24 inches: moderately acid, clay
BC - 24 to 29 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 29 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Woolwine, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit. 6 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
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Across -slope shape: Convex
FaC2— Fairview sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 84 percent
Minor components: 16 percent
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material.• Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 24 inches: moderately acid, clay
BC - 24 to 29 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 29 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
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Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Woolwine, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
r
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Fal)2— Fairview sandy clay loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 84 percent
Minor components: 16 percent
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
17

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Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 24 inches: moderately acid, clay
BC - 24 to 29 inches: strongly acid, clay loam
C - 29 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Woolwine, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Rhodhiss
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
18

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FeB— Fairview -Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 57 percent
Urban land: 32 percent
Minor components: 11 percent
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: moderately acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 24 inches: strongly acid, clay
BC - 24 to 29 inches: strongly acid, sandy clay loam
C - 29 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class. Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding. None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
19

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Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Minor Components
Woolwine, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three- dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
FeC2— Fairview -Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period. 160 to 200 days
20

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 57 percent
Urban land: 32 percent
Minor components: 11 percent
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three- dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: moderately acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 24 inches: strongly acid, clay
BC - 24 to 29 inches: strongly acid, sandy clay loam
C - 29 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr) .
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
21

Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Woolwine, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
HaA— Hatboro loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,470 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Hatboro, drained, and similar soils: 80 percent
Hatboro, undrained, and similar soils: 8 percent
Minor components: 12 percent
Description of Hatboro, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three- dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: neutral, loam
Bg - 8 to 35 inches: neutral, sandy clay loam
Ab - 35 to 41 inches: moderately acid, loam
Cg - 41 to 80 inches: moderately acid, very gravelly loamy sand
22

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Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 60 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Description of Hatboro, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three- dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material. Loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: neutral, loam
Bg - 8 to 35 inches: neutral, sandy clay loam
Ab - 35 to 41 inches: moderately acid, loam
Cg - 41 to 80 inches: moderately acid, very gravelly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 60 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: Frequent
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified .
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Minor Components
Codorus
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
23

Custom Soil Resource Report
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Kinkora, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Backswamps on stream terraces, depressions on stream terraces
Landform position (three - dimensional): Flat
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
UeC— Udorthents -Urban land complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,790 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 55 percent
Urban land: 45 percent
Description of Udorthents, Loamy
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Loamy and clayey human transported material derived from
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock
Typical profile
C - 0 to 80 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
24

Custom Soil Resource Report
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification ( nonirrigated): 8
UrC —Urban land, 0 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Composition
Urban land: 100 percent
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope, shoulder, summit
Landform position (three- dimensional): Interfluve, side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
UuB —Urban land- Udorthents complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 200 to 1,560 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Composition
Urban land: 60 percent
Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 36 percent
Minor components: 4 percent
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Flood plains, stream terraces
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material. Impervious layers over human transported material
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 6 percent
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Description of Udorthents, Loamy
Setting
Landform: Flood plains, stream terraces
Landform position (three - dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy and clayey human transported material derived from
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock
Typical profile
C - 0 to 80 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Minor Components
Dan river
Percent of map unit. 2 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three- dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Banister
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flats on stream terraces
Landform position (three- dimensional): Tread
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
W —Water
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Description of Water
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w
WoB— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Woolwine and similar soils: 45 percent
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Description of Woolwine
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
27

Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: very strongly acid, gravelly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 18 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
Bt2 - 18 to 31 inches: very strongly acid, clay
Cr - 31 to 80 inches: , weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification ( nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: I nterfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 7 to 26 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
28

Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
WoC— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Woolwine and similar soils: 45 percent
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Description of Woolwine
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: very strongly acid, gravelly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 18 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
Bt2 - 18 to 31 inches: very strongly acid, clay
Cr - 31 to 80 inches: , weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
29

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification ( nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
� Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 7 to 26 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape. Convex
30

Custom Soil Resource Report
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
WoD— Woolwine- Fairview complex, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Woolwine and similar soils: 55 percent
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Description of Woolwine
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: very strongly acid, gravelly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 18 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
Bt2 - 18 to 31 inches: very strongly acid, clay
Cr - 31 to 80 inches: , weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform, position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 7 to 26 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two - dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
32

Custom Soil Resource Report
Rhodhiss
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
M13—Woolwine-Fairview-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Woolwine and similar soils: 35 percent
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 30 percent
Urban land. 25 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Description of Woolwine
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three- dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
AP - 0 to 8 inches: very strongly acid, gravelly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 18 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
Bt2 - 18 to 31 inches: very strongly acid, clay
Cr - 31 to 80 inches: , weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
33

Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification ( nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three- dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 7 to 26 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: I nterfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification ( nonirrigated): 8
34

Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Poplar forest, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two- dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three - dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
WuC— Woolwine- Fairview -Urban land complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 700 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 48 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 59 degrees F
Frost -free period: 160 to 200 days
Map Unit Composition
Woolwine and similar soils: 45 percent
Fairview, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 25 percent
Urban land: 20 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Description of Woolwine
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: very strongly acid, gravelly loam
Bt1 - 8 to 18 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
Bt2 - 18 to 31 inches: very strongly acid, clay
Cr - 31 to 80 inches: , weathered bedrock
35

Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic'Soil Group: B
Description of Fairview, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from schist and /or gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: slightly acid, sandy clay loam
Bt - 7 to 26 inches: very strongly acid, clay
BC - 26 to 38 inches: very strongly acid, clay loam
C - 38 to 80 inches: strongly acid, loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in /hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
Interpretive groups
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Minor Components
Westfield, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Poplar forest
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two- dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three - dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
37

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487 -00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS /OBS- 79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres/
detail /national /soils / ?cid =nres 142 p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making
and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
nres / detail / national /soils / ?cid= nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps/
portal /n res /detail / nationa I /soils / ?cid =n res 142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y -87 -1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. hftp: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal /nres /detail /soils/
home / ?cid= nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. hftp: / /www.nres.usda.gov/wps /portal /nres/
detail / national /landuse /rangepasture/ ?cid= stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430 -VI. http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /portal/
nres /d eta il / soils / scientists / ?cid= nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http: / /www.nres.usda.gov /wps /porta I /nres /detail /national /soils /?
cid =nres 14 2 p2_0 5 362 4
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http: //
www. nres. usda. gov / Internet /FSE _DOCUMENTS /nresl 42p2_052290.pdf
39