A5_NCS000249 Durham NPDES Annual Report FY2021

PUBLIC WORKS
CITY OF DURHAM
ANNUAL REPORT
CITY OF DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA
NPDES MUNICIPAL STORMWATER PERMIT
Permit Number NCS000249
July 1, 2020 - JUNE 30, 2021
Prepared by City of Durham, Public Works Department
Stormwater and GIS Services Division
Certification
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Marvin G. Williams
Director of Public Works

Table of Contents
1.
Introduction and Highlights..............................................................................................................................4
2.
Program Implementation.................................................................................................................................
5
2.1
Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2022.........................................................................................................5
2.2
Capital Improvement Program (CIP).......................................................................................................
13
3.
Public
Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts...........................................................................17
3.1
Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences.............................................................................................
18
3.2
Informational Website.............................................................................................................................
18
3.3
Distribution of materials to target groups...............................................................................................
18
3.4
Promote hotline.......................................................................................................................................
18
3.5
Education and Outreach Program...........................................................................................................
18
3.6
For the coming year.................................................................................................................................
20
4.
Public
Involvement and Participation............................................................................................................21
4.1
Public Involvement Highlights.................................................................................................................
21
4.2
For the coming year.................................................................................................................................
22
5.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program........................................................................23
5.1
Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities..................................................................................................
24
5.2
Maintain a Stormwater System Base Map..............................................................................................
24
5.3
Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in Targeted Areas........
24
5.4
Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE Program ....................................
27
5.5
Reporting Mechanisms............................................................................................................................
27
5.6
Documentation........................................................................................................................................28
5.7
IDDE Highlights for the Coming Year.......................................................................................................
33
6.
Construction
Site Stormwater Runoff Program............................................................................................35
7.
Development
and Re -development Program Post -Construction Program Site Runoff Controls...............42
7.1
Post Construction Stormwater Management Program...........................................................................
43
7.2
Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate for the MS4....................
44
7.3
Deed Restrictions and Covenants............................................................................................................
44
7.4
Operation and Maintenance Plan...........................................................................................................
44
7.5
Educational Materials and Training for Developers................................................................................
45
7.6
Other items of interest............................................................................................................................
47
7.7
Highlights for the coming year................................................................................................................
47
2

8. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations...................................................49
8.1 Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations...................................................................................
50
8.2 Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations.........................................................
50
8.3 Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations ................................................
50
8.4 Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations.........................................................
53
8.5 Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas used for vehicle and
equipmentcleaning.............................................................................................................................................
53
8.6 Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance................................................................................
54
8.7 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned storm sewer system
(including catch basins, the conveyance system, and structural stormwater controls) .....................................
54
8.8 Staff training............................................................................................................................................
54
9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems.................63
9.1 Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities..........................................................................................
63
9.2 Inspection Program................................................................................................................................. 64
9.3 Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4................................................ 65
10. Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring...............................................................................................70
11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs........................................................................................................77
11.1 Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria................................................................................ 77
11.2 Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity....................................................................................................... 91
Notice Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
The City of Durham does not discriminate against qualified individuals on the basis of disability. Citizens who
require an auxiliary aid or service for effective communications or assistance should contact the ADA
Coordinator at [phone] x21234, TTY [phone] or [e-mail].
3

1. Introduction and Highlights
The City of Durham is authorized to discharge stormwater runoff from the City's municipal separate storm
sewer system (MS4) by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit number
NCS000249, which was revised and renewed effective October 10, 2018 through October 9, 2023. The City
of Durham's Stormwater & GIS Services Division is the lead agency in carrying out the City's NPDES
municipal permit and the associated Stormwater Management Program, although other Programs,
Departments, and Divisions play integral roles. This annual report addresses permit requirements for fiscal
year (FY) 2021: July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021.
1.1.1 Summary of Significant Changes to the Stormwater Management Plan (SMP)
Stormwater & GIS Services will perform a general update of the SMP. Specific changes anticipated include
additional references to SOPs, modifications to post -construction procedures (which may be in SOPs), and
updates of the Illicit Discharge and Assessment and Monitoring sections.
1.1.2 Selected Permit Highlights
Big Sweep and Creek Week cleanups were smaller this year due to the ongoing pandemic. Big Sweep
organizers encouraged individuals and small groups to pick up litter in their neighborhoods, so the usual data
collection on volunteers and pounds of trash was not feasible. Creek Week cleanups required pre -registration
to limit numbers. In addition to cleanups, there were a few in -person events led by Creek Week partners as well
as a number of virtual offerings. For the first time, CWEP organized a Regional Creek Week that featured a
Biothon using the iNaturalist app. Residents across the regional were encouraged to observe plants and
animals and prizes were given based on categories.
■ As part of our documented Canine IDDE Services Study Plan, 42 outfalls were screened in the Northeast Creek
watershed between November 9, 2020 and November 13, 2020. This study was designed to assess the use of
canines trained to detect the scent of human waste and greywater in the drainage system. Follow-up
investigations are being conducted in the summer of 2021.
■ Data analysis and final reporting for the assessment of pollution removal by the City's street sweepers was
completed in May 2021. This study determined pollutant removal rates for sediments, nutrients, metals, and
other constituents achieved by street sweeping efforts.
1.1.3 Other Highlights (Voluntary Activities)
■ The City continues to actively participate in the Upper Neuse River Basin Association (UNRBA). During the
reporting period, the UNRBA finalized a concept for the Interim Alternative Implementation Approach (IAIA)
which the Division of Water Resources then adopted. The City of Durham will participate in the IAIA approach
for the Falls Lake watershed.
■ The City also participates in the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association and Jordan Lake stakeholder groups,
including the Nutrient Science Advisory Board (NSAB) and Jordan Lake One Water. The City of Durham is a
founding member of the NSAB and continues to send staff to meetings and to review work products. City
employees also regularly attend the Jordan Lake One Water meetings in order to work with other communities
and develop a path to implement Jordan Lake nutrient reductions.
■ The New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan will be finalized in September 2021 and
includes an assessment of current watershed conditions, formulation of watershed restoration goals,
development of watershed restoration recommendations, identification of stormwater retrofit/restoration
opportunities, water quality modeling, watershed modeling, hydraulic/hydrologic modeling, engineering,
design, analysis, cost estimates, surveying, data collection, preliminary plans, and construction plans for
stormwater projects.
An

2. Program Implementation
■ The City's organization chart is presented in Figure 2.1 below.
■ An updated organizational chart for the Public Works Department is provided in Figure 2.2 below. The chart
has not changed since FY2O19.
■ Table 2.1 provides an updated list of key personnel.
Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2022
■ The City continues to provide adequate capital and operating funds through a stormwater utility to implement
the City's stormwater program. Legal restrictions on the use of these funds are set out in NC Session Law
2000-70 which modified the legal uses of stormwater utility funds to include programs required by an NPDES
permit.
■ On June 21, 2021, the City Council approved a new budget for the FY2O22 fiscal year that included a
stormwater fee rate increase of $0.51 per month. The annual increase ranges from $3.75 for Tier 1
Residential to $15.55 for Tier 3 Residential. All non-residential stormwater fees would increase to $7.76 per
ERU (= 2,400 square feet of impervious surface).
■ For FY2O22, City Council approved a total City budget of $529.7 million, including $23.8 million for stormwater
management.
■ Authorized positions funded by the Stormwater Utility Fund remained unchanged, as shown at the top of Table
2.2.
■ The stormwater operating budget adopted for FY2O22 is shown in the lower part of Table 2.2. The authorized
Stormwater Management Fund operating budget for FY2O22 provides for appropriations of $ 23,780,888.
■ A summary of the Stormwater Capital Projects Budget provides cumulative funding in Table 2.X
5

Figure 2.1 Organizational Chart of City of Durham Departments
So -
Steve
r _ IIII
Jillian Javiera Charlie DeDreana Mark -Anthony Pierce
CITY OF Schewel Johnson Caballero Reece Freeman Middleton Freelon
DURHAM Mayor Pro Ward 9 Ward 2 ward 3
Tempore
r-------------- Mayor and City Council --------------I
I
I I
! I I
Kimberly M. Rehberg Wanda S. Page A RMOK Schreiber
City Attorney I City Manager City Clerk
Budget & Management Services Audit Services
Communications 1W Human Resources
Public Safety •
t Community Building
i W. Bowman
-
Ferguson . .
Keith Chadwell
Deputy City
Manager ■ .
Deputy City Manager
City/County
Communications
` City/County
Inspections Equity & Inclusion
oy
"City/County
Planning Neighborhood Improvement
;ity/County
ncy Management
Community
Services
Development
imunity Safety
Economic and
Parks & Recreation
Workforce
Development
Transportation
Fire
Technology Solutions
Water Management
City/County Department
A

Figure 2.2 City of Durham Public Works Department (222 FTEs) (Stormwater Functions Shaded)
Asst. Director
Engineering Services
Engineering
Design, Survey &
Utility Locate
Contract
Management
Development
Review &
Engineering
Services
Inspections
Director of Public Works
Office of the Director
Bus! ness Services Manager
Executive Assistant 1--H Operations & Safety
Asst. Director Asst. Director
Stormwater & G IS Maintenance Operations
Figure 2-2. City of Durham
Public Works Department
Stormwater
Functions Shaded
GIS/Stormwater Inventory Control
Billing
Maintenance
Water Quality Administration
Stormwater
Street &
Development
Stormwater
Review
Maintenance
Stormwater
Street
Infrastructure
Maintenance
Watershed
Street Cleaning
Planning&
Implementation
Stormwater
Maintenance
Concrete
Maintenance
Special Projects
7

Figure 2.3 City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater & GIS Division
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System
Analyst Analyst Specialist
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System
Coordinator Coord Specialist
Bus System Bus System Bus System
Sr Engineer
Sr.
Engineering
Ins ector
Engineer
Engineering
* Position shared between Stormwater Development Review and Infrastructure)
53.5 FTEs,
2 Admin
14 GIS / SW Billing
4 Special Projects
10 SW Dev Review
12 Water Quality
12 Infrastructure
Principal Principal Principal Engineering Env Plan & Sr Env Plan & Env PI
Engineer Engineer Engineer (*) Tech. Comp Coord Comp Analyst Comp F
Engineer Env Plan & Er
Comp Coord Co
Engineering Env Phan & Er
Specialist S ompcialist Co
Er
9

Table 2.1 Key Personnel Contacts
City Manager - Wanda Page
Communications - Beverly Thompson
Budget & Management Services - John Allore (acting)
Human Resources - Regina Youngblood
Audit Services - Germaine Brewington
Deputy City Manager, Operations - Bertha Johnson
Deputy City Manager, Community Building - Keith Chadwell
Deputy City Manager, Public Safety -William Bowman "Bo" Ferguson
Public Works Director- Marvin G. Williams
Assistant Director, Engineering Services - Tasha Johnson
Assistant Director, Street Maintenance - Phillip Powell
Superintendent of Street Maintenance - Terrence King
Safety Officer - Barbara Aaron
Street Maintenance Administrative Analyst - Trudy Boehm
Stormwater Maintenance Supervisors - John Sandin and James Fennell
Street Cleaning Supervisor - Benita Quick
Street Maintenance Supervisor - Charles Brown
Concrete Maintenance Supervisor - Jeffrey Johnson
Assistant Director, Stormwater & GIS Services - Paul Wiebke
Stormwater Billing & GIS Administrator - Edward Cherry
Stormwater Billing Unit Manager - Carmen Murphy
Stormwater Development Review Manager - Shea Bolick
SCM Maintenance Program Coordinator - Bill Hailey
Stormwater Infrastructure Manager - Vacant
Drainage and Floodplain Civil Engineer - Graham Summerson
Stormwater Infrastructure Civil Engineer - Greg Smith
Water Quality Manager - Michelle Woolfolk
Assistant Water Quality Manager - J.V. Loperfido
Assessment and Monitoring - Joseph Smith
Pollution Prevention Coordinator - Anna Smith
Investigations and Inspections - James Azarelo
Watershed Planning and Implementation Manager -Sandra Wilbur
Stormwater Public Education Coordinator - Laura Smith
Genera/ Services Director - J i n a P ro pst
Assistant Director of Facilities and Grounds - Kevin Lilley
Operations Manager, Landscape and Urban Forestry - Alex Johnson
Urban Forestry Manager - Glenn Slaton
Facilities Operations Manager - Daniel Austin
Assistant Director of Project Delivery - Stacey Poston
Division Manager of Art, Cultural and Sustainable Communities- Summer Alston
Energy and Sustainability Analyst, Paul Cameron
Division Manager of Project Management - Henri Prosperi
Keep Durham Beautiful, Inc. Executive Director - Tania Dautlick
Parks and Recreation Director -Wade Walcutt, Director
Assistant Director, Park Planning, Maintenance and Athletics - Thomas Dawson
Parks Superintendent - Robert Jennings
Assistant Director, Park Recreation Division - Jason Jones
Assistant Director, Administrative Division - Joy Guy
Water Management Director- Don Greeley
E

Assistant Director (Administration, Communications & Compliance) - Vicki Westbrook
Water Resources Planning Manager - Sydney Miller
Environmental Programs Administrator - Reginald Hicks
Senior Public Affairs Specialist - Joe Lunne
Industrial Waste Control Program Administrator - Gerald Tyrone Battle
Laboratory Manager - James Blake
Assistant Director (Plant Operations & Maintenance) - John Young
Superintendent, Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Steve Stewart
Assistant Superintendent (Plant Engineering & Maintenance) - Billy Hollowell
Assistant Superintendent (Plant Engineering & Maintenance) - LaVance Dixon
Superintendent/ORC, Wastewater Treatment, North Durham WRF - John Dodson
Plant Supervisor NDWRF - Brian Merritt
Superintendent/ORC, Wastewater Treatment, South Durham WRF - Charlie Cocker
Plant Supervisor SDWRF - Dirk Cartner
Superintendent/ORC, Water Supply & Treatment, Williams Water Treatment Plant - Vacant
Plant Supervisor Williams WTP - Daryll Kennedy
Superintendent/ORC, Water Supply & Treatment, Brown Water Treatment Plant - Tom Lucas
Plant Supervisor Brown WTP - Paul Tapper
Assistant Director (System Maintenance) - Scott Smart
Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Junior Mobley
Assistant Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Tim Segard
Assistant Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - James Roberson
Superintendent, Lift Station Maintenance - Kenny Willard
Lift Stations Supervisor - George Kepic
Utility Engineering Manager, Sr. - Jerry Morrone
Collection System Rehabilitation Engineering Manager - Crystal Penton
Distribution System Rehabilitation/Development Engineering Manager - Bryant Green
Plants & Facilities Engineering Manager - Robert Gasper
Solid Waste Director- Donald Long
Assistant Director/Operations - Wayne Fenton
Sr. Assistant Solid Waste Manager/Operations - Carlos Lyons
Disposal Manager/Transfer Station - Dan Parker
Code Enforcement Officer- Mike Simpson, Supervisor
Fire Department -Fire Chief - Robert Zoldos
Deputy Fire Chief - Christopher lannuzzi
Assistant Chief of Planning and Administration - Brian Eaton
Hazardous Materials Team (HazMat)
Neighborhood improvement Services Director- Constance StanciI
Assistant Director, Housing Code Administrator - Faith Gardner
Nuisance Abatement Supervisor - Rudy Toledo
Impact Team Manager- Daryl Hedgspeth
Fleet Management Director - Joseph W. Clark
Fire Equipment Supervisor, William Painter
Transportation Director- Sean C. Egan, Director
Assistant Director, Technical Services - Bill Judge
City Traffic Engineer - Peter Nicholas
Sign Shop Supervisor - Danny Cochran, Sr.
ParkDurham - Thomas Leathers
Finance Director- Emily Desiderio (acting)
Financial Operations Manager - Joyce Cooper
10

Business Services Manager, General Billing and Collections - Monte Evans
Durham City/County Planning Director - Sa ra Yo u ng,
Development Services Center Manager - Pete Sullivan
Assistant Director of Planning - Bo Dobrzinski
Zoning Administration Supervisor - Landus Robertson
Durham City/County Inspections - Vacant, Director
Assistant Director - Dana Inebnit
Chief Plumbing Inspector - Christian Baird
City -County Emergency Management, - Jim Groves, Fire Marshall
Emergency Management Division Chief - Leslie O'Connor
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) - David Marsee
ALERTDURHAM Emergency Notification System
County Departments and Divisions
Durham Soil and Water Conservation District - Eddie Culberson, Director
General Manager of Public Health and Community Well Being - Joanne Pierce
Public Health Department, Division of Environmental Health Director - J. Christopher Salter
Supervisor, Onsite Water Protection - Patrick C. Eaton, REHS
Environmental Specialist - Noelle Spence
Supervisor, Restaurant & Lodging - Vacant
General Manager of Engineering and Environmental Services - Jay Gibson
Stormwater & Erosion Control Division Manager - Ryan Eaves
Stormwater Manager - McKenzie Myers
Erosion Control Supervisor - Jonathan McNeill
Utility Division Deputy Director - Stephanie Brixey
Lab & Compliance Manager - Amy Moore
Utility Supervisor, Maintenance - Tom Kutch
Superintendent, Triangle Wastewater Treatment Plant - Shawn Davis
Durham County Sustainability Office - Tobin Fried
State of North Carolina Agencies
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Roadside Environmental Unit, Erosion Control Engineering Supervisor - Jeremy Goodwin
Roadside Environmental Engineer, Division 5 - Jeff Walston
North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section
Engineering Regional Supervisor- Bill Denton
Engineer - Sally Castle
Table 2.2 Stormwater Management Fund FY2021-22
Actual
FY2019-20
Adopted
FY2020-21
Estimated
FY2020-21
Adopted
FY2021-22
Change
Authorized
Positions
Public Works, full time
95.5
96.5
96.5
96.5
0
Revenues
, County line department with city and county funding.
11

Actual
FY2019-20
Adopted
FY2020-21
Estimated
FY2020-21
Adopted
FY2021-22
Change
Operating Revenues
(Stormwater utility)
$17,307,358
$17,088,331
$16,984,831
$18,226,156
0.0%
Interest& Rental
Income
$ 173,758
$129,000
$129,000
$44,000
-65.9%
Transfers from Other
Funds
$109,047
$109,047
$109,047
$109,047
0.0%
Appropriations from
Fund Balance
$1,423,976
-
-
$ 5,401,685
100%
Total Revenues
$19,014,139
$ 17,326,378
$17,222,878
$23,780,888
37.3%
Appropriations
Personal Services
$ 9,251,788
$ 9,178,570
$ 8,931,249
$9,826,334
7.1%
Operating
$ 3,118,612
$ 3,616,045
$ 2,704,698
$4,118,666
13.9%
Capital and Other
$ 29,063
$ 126,516
$ 286,755
$5,000
-96.0%
Transfers to other
Funds*
$ 6,624,676
$ 2,734,000
$ 2,734,000
$8,524,500
211.8%
Transfers to Fund
Balance
$ 1,671,247
$ 2,566,176
$ 1,306,388
-21.8%
Total Appropriations
$19,014,139
$17,326,378
$17,222,878
23,780,888
37.3#
Departmental
Appropriations
Public Works
$ 11,112,509
$ 11,502,196
$ 10,509,846
$ 11,574,196
0.6%
Nondepartmental
Appropriations
7,901,631
5,824,182
$ 6,713,032
$12,206,692
109.6%
Total Appropriations
$ 19,014,139
$ 17,326,378
$ 17,222,878
$ 23,780,888
37.3%
Source: FY2021-2022 City Budget, pages 87 and 108.
*Includes transfers to Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Non -departmental charges include a payment to the General Fund for indirect costs and payment to
the Risk Fund for insurance.
12

Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
The Stormwater Capital Improvement Program is divided into the following categories:
2.1.1 Drainage Repair of City -Owned Properties
2.1.2 Floodplain Management
2.1.3 Major Stormwater Infrastructure & BMP Improvements
These are on -going programs that involve stormwater infrastructure. A wide variety of projects and
tasks are funded through these CIP programs. Drainage Repair funds may be used to repair or
improve existing stormwater systems located on City -owned property. Funds may be used for, but are
not limited to, the analysis, design, and construction of drainage repair and improvement projects
involving City -owned land. Floodplain Management CIP involves efforts to reduce or eliminate long-
term risk to people and property from flooding hazards and their effects. The program includes
floodplain analysis and the identification, evaluation, and implementation of floodplain management
projects. The Major Stormwater Infrastructure program funds the repair, improvements, or analysis
of watersheds, major drainage systems, or BMP systems that involve either private or public property
and require extensive analysis, design, permit approvals, or monitoring. All of the ongoing projects
under these three different funds are listed below:
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-02 Stormwater Infrastructure Inventory and Assessment for
Parks, Trails, and Cemeteries -This professional services contract seeks to generate an inventory and
assessment for stormwater infrastructure within all City parks, trails, and cemeteries.
■ Services Contracts SD-2019-06 & SD-2019-07 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)
Inspections -The project includes the furnishing of all materials, labor, equipment, tools, etc. unless
otherwise specified, for the complete inspection of portions of the MS4 at specified site locations
throughout the City of Durham. Inspections of the MS4 will include location and verification of system
components, inspections to locate possible illicit discharges into the system, and general inspections
of system components to document condition.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2018-01 & SD-2018-02 Odyssey Drive and Alpine Road Culvert
Replacements -These are professional services contracts for the design, permitting, and development
of construction documents for the replacement of two existing stormwater culverts along Odyssey
Drive and Alpine Road.
■ 2018 Culvert Replacements (SD-2018-01/SD-2018-02) - The City of Durham is seeking assistance
through professional services for the design, permitting and developing of construction documents for
the replacement of two existing stormwater culverts: Odyssey Drive and Alpine Road.
■ 2018 Private Drainage Assistance Projects - The City of Durham is seeking assistance through
professional services for the survey, design, permitting and developing of construction documents for
multiple stormwater drainage assistance projects involving private property.
■ Lodge Street Regional Stormwater Improvements SD-2019-10. This is a professional services contract
for the design, permitting, and development of construction documents for the rerouting and
replacement of sections of the storm drainage system near the intersection of Lodge Street and Scout
Drive. The Lodge Street Regional project site (see GoMaps: https://goo.gl/aMhrpx) involves replacing
and/or rerouting a compromised, existing stormwater drainage pipe system located both in the City
right-of-way and on private property. It is the City's preference to relocate as much of the system as
possible into the City right-of-way.
■ 2020 Odyssey Dr. Culvert Replacement (SD-2020-01) - This project involves the complete
replacement of the existing storm drainage culvert where Odyssey Drive intersects the northern prong
of Northeast Creek.
13

■ 2021 Bradford Circle Drainage Improvements (SD-2021-01) - This project involves the complete
installation of repairs, rehabilitation, and improvements of the stormwater drainage system along the
Bradford Circle right-of-way and adjacent properties. Currently Bradford Circle is a gravel road. The
gravel road surface will be replaced with asphalt and pervious concrete pavement along with the
installation of sidewalk.
■ 2021 EWP Stream Bank Stabilization - This project involves the stabilization of stream banks in four
locations within the City of Durham. The stream bank stabilizations are being performed as part of
Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) and Watershed Restoration Project (WRP) grants.
■ Unified Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program- The City applies to the Unified Hazard Mitigation
Assistance Grant Program (HMGP) administered by the State on a routine basis and whenever the
State presents non -routine grant opportunities (post -disaster declarations, etc.). Eligible properties
may receive grants for property acquisition and conversion to open space or elevation of structures
above the base flood elevation. The Federal Government typically contributes 75% of the cost of the
effort and the State contributes the remaining 25% of the cost.
■ 2021 Residential Home Elevation- The project involves the furnishing of all materials, labor,
equipment, tools, etc. unless otherwise specified, for the complete elevation and retrofitting of the
existing residential structure located at 303 Obie Drive, Durham NC, 27713. The structure is being
elevated to raise the finished floor elevation above the current effective base flood elevation as part of
a Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) project, HMGP 4167-0009.
2.1.3 Stormwater Fleet Vehicles
This program is for the funding of fleet vehicles for the Stormwater Utility.
2.1.4 Stormwater Retrofitting
This program funds professional service and construction contracts for planning, design, permitting,
construction drawings, and construction of stormwater retrofit projects to comply with NPDES permit
requirements and state regulations.
■ 2019 Interlocal Agreement with Durham Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) - This Agreement
builds on the City's past residential retrofits work including a 2016 City contract to install 22 green
stormwater infrastructure practices. The Interlocal Agreement addresses historical inequities in the
distribution of government services by using a data -driven approach to identify and analyze
neighborhoods (ReGln Analysis) throughout the city where residential -level green stormwater
infrastructure practices could be implemented equitably. The agreement requires half of all the SCMs
installed to be in areas that have been identified through the ReGln analysis as high priority both in
terms of benefit for environmental equity and water quality/flooding. Thirteen SCMs have been
completed and five SCMS are under contract. Site visits will be conducted this fall to locate additional
SCMs.
■ Fay Street Bioretention Construction (SD-2020-02)- Construction of a bioretention cell located next to
the City's General Services Department was completed in April 2021. The bioretention cell treats
stormwater runoff from 0.85 acres of the General Services building parking lot. This will help improve
water quality in the Ellerbe Creek watershed by reducing pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus,
bacteria, and sediment.
2.1.5 Watershed Planning & Implementation
This program funds professional service contracts to develop watershed plans for streams flowing in
or through the City. This activity will provide data necessary to perform future stormwater capital
improvement projects.
■ The New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan will be finalized in September
2021 and includes an assessment of current watershed conditions, formulation of watershed
restoration goals, development of watershed restoration recommendations, identification of
stormwater retrofit/restoration opportunities, water quality modeling, watershed modeling,
hydraulic/hydrologic modeling, engineering, design, analysis, cost estimates, surveying, data
14

collection, preliminary plans, and construction plans for stormwater projects. Field crews surveyed 45
miles of stream and evaluated 130 SCMs in the New Hope Creek and Little Creek watersheds during
winter 2019/2020. Field data was combined with existing data and computer modeling to evaluate
potential projects to improve water quality in the watershed. Public outreach included development of
an Equitable Community Engagement Plan, three public information sessions, a City -hosted project
webpage, social media, project fact sheets, an educational radio spot, and two educational videos.
Outreach included both English and Spanish language materials. Additional project work included a
feasibility study of 3 potential SCM retrofit projects, completion of a six -year stream erosion study that
involved a comparison of data collected from stream bank pins to a new methodology using tree root
growth rings, and development of multiple project databases. A Riparian Area Management Plan was
completed as part of the project to provide maintenance recommendations for city -owned and
maintained property along streams. A Critical Area Protection Plan was also developed to identify
privately -owned parcels with high -quality riparian buffers that could be prioritized for conservation or
protection in order to preserve water quality benefits and watershed health. A special microbial source
tracking study was conducted as part of this watershed plan that used quantitative DNA -based
technology to characterize fecal bacteria pollution sources in the surface waters of the portion of the
Northeast Creek Watershed located within the City.
■ Lakewood Stream Stabilization Project - Approximately 1,640 LF of stream in Third Fork Creek and an
unnamed Tributary will be stabilized, helping to prevent sediment, total nitrogen, and total
phosphorous from entering the stream. Other benefits will include increased wildlife habitat
through the construction of instream structures and native plantings in riparian areas. The
construction of Phase 1 (Area 2) will coincide with a sewer replacement project which is anticipated to
go to bid in the fall of 2021. Phase 2 (Areas 1 and 3) is currently in the design phase.
2.1.6 South Ellerbe Restoration Project
■ This on -going project includes the design, permitting, and construction of a stormwater wetland that
will treat stormflow from a 485-acre portion of Downtown Durham. This stormwater wetland will
provide water quality treatment and hydraulic detention of small storm events. Demolition of
structures on site is complete. The construction bid for the soil removal phase is anticipated to be
advertised in fall 2021. Design and permitting of the stormwater wetland are underway.
2.1.7 Algal Floway/Turf Scrubber Project
The City's contractor completed the Site Selection & Preliminary Design phase of this project in
January 2021, which included the delivery of a final report. Based on the final report, the Public
Works Department selected a potential site for future construction of an algal floway facility near
Falls Lake. The Public Works Department began working with the General Services Department's
Real Estate Division on the land purchase phase of the project. The Public Works Department also
met virtually with local and state government agencies to discuss the permitting process for the algal
floway facility. The Real Estate Division completed a property appraisal of the potential site and
negotiated a purchase price with the property owner. Public Works and General Services plan to
present a purchase proposal to City Council for approval in FY2022.
15

Table 2-3. Stormwater Capital Projects Funding FY2020-22
Category
Appropriation
FY2020 FY2020 FY2022
Algae Turf Scrubber/Algal Floway
-$1,225,000
Drainage Repair of City Owned Properties
- $ 260,000
Floodplain Mitigation
$ 1,742,434
Major Stormwater Infrastructure &* BMP Improvements
$ 3,760,000
$ 1,700,000
$ 2,800,000
South Ellerbe Stormwater Restoration
$ 500,000
$3,400,000
Private Property Drainage Projects
$ 1,360,000
-
-
Stormwater Fleet Vehicles
$ 574,000
$534,000
$534,000
Stormwater Retrofitting
-$ 300,000
-
$500,000
Watershed Planning & Design
$ 600,000
$100,000
Emergency Watershed Protection
-
$ 1,074,177
Total
$ 7,976,434
$ 3,308,177
$ 8,025,000
LU

3. Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts
Table 3.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Education and Outreach
Responsible
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
3.1 Target
pollutants & target
Target pollutants and their sources and audiences are
Completed
Water Quality
audiences
identified in the SMP
Manager
The City maintains the Stormwater Services Website:
City web site:
htt durhamnc. ov stormwater
Regular updates to City site.
Pollution
Prevention
3.2 Informational
The City financially supports and promotes the Clean Water
CWEP website with blog-style
Coordinator
web site
Education Partnership (CWEP) website https://nc-
updates.
CWEP: Public
leanwater.com
Education
Also see social media sites, described below
Coordinator
244 handouts distributed at site
Pollution
3.3
Distribute public
Distribute information to target business sectors via industry-
visits/investigations; 3 mobile
Prevention
Coordinator &
education materials
specific guidance documents
and surface power washing
Industrial
o identified user
guides distributed
Inspector
groups.
Develop Waterways newsletter for general public audience
Public
and distribute as utility bill insert
2 utility bill newsletters
Education
Coordinator
Maintain a stormwater pollution hotline
Ongoing, see 5(e)
Water Quality
Manager
3.4 Promote &
Public
maintain
Education
hotline/help line
Promote hotline through giveaways of promotional items
Items distributed at events and
Coordinator and
through partners
Pollution
Prevention
Coordinator
Utility bill inserts
See(d)above
Media: track campaign metrics for local and regional
CWEP campaigns; ongoing local
advertising campaigns
social media
Create and distribute educational videos via YouTube and the
44,701 video views
City's Facebook Page
Provide outreach at community events with a table -top display
8 events reaching 320 people
Public
Education
Provide outreach to community groups through speaker's
2 presentations
Coordinator
bureau presentations
reaching 157 people
Provide outreach through informational workshops
5 workshops reaching 98 people
3.5 Implement
11 presentations
Public Education
Provide outreach to classrooms and school groups
to 275 students
and Outreach
Program
The City of Durham's stormwater education and outreach program aims to increase awareness
about the causes and impacts of stormwater pollution and to encourage behaviors that will improve
water quality. The program components are managed by the Public Education Coordinator and the
Pollution Prevention Coordinator, but other staff members provide support. The Public Education
Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and implementation details.
The City is a founding member of the Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) and actively
participates in developing campaigns. It also partners with other organizations.
Efforts are summarized in Table 3.1 above, with additional details below. Noteworthy changes or
specifics include:
17

3.1 Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences
Target pollutants, sources, and audiences have been reviewed based on the City's water quality
monitoring results along with other information, including NCDEQ Basin Plan Assessments and
publications by both the US Geological Survey and by North Carolina State University.
3.2 Informational Website
Several staff members make regular updates to the Stormwater web pages. The site features links to
a contacts page, online reporting to the water quality hotline, technical reports, newsletters for the
general public, targeted outreach pieces, regulations, watershed planning documents, and updates
on watershed implementation projects.
3.3 Distribution of materials to target groups
The City's response to COVID-19 and subsequent closure of many businesses within city limits
impacted staff strategies for business outreach. Development of new materials, direct mailings, and
trainings were postponed as local businesses focused on their own response plans to the pandemic.
3.1.1 Business outreach
Table 3.2 Stormwater STAR Certified Businesses
Stormwater STAR Certified Businesses
Business Type
Beer Durham
Retail/Beverage
Cocoa Cinnamon
Restaurant
Durty Bull Brewing
Brewery
Fullsteam Brewery
Brewery/Restaurant
Pine State Flowers
Florist
SEEDS
Yard Care/Non-Profit
Carolina Theatre
Entertainment
The Refectory Cafe
Restaurant
Aqualis
Environmental Services
APlus Test Prep & Academic Services
Academic Services
Any Lab Test Now
Health Sciences
Corning Life Sciences
Biotech
3.1.2 General outreach
• Two WaterWays newsletters went out with city water and stormwater bills, reaching more than 93,000
residents per issue. Topics included a rate increase for the utility fee, wet detention basins, project
updates, the Northeast Creek Microbial Source Tracking Study, proper yard waste disposal, native
plants, litter, floodplains, and riparian zones.
3.5 Promote hotline
■ The City promotes the hotline through giveaways at events and presentations. This year's items
included reusable silicone straws, rubber ducks, and bamboo pens.
■ Refer to section 5(e) for additional discussion of the hotline and the other reporting mechanisms.
3.6 Education and Outreach Program
3.6.1 News Releases
The Stormwater & GIS Services Division issued news releases about construction of a
bioretention at a city facility, two public sessions for a watershed improvement plan, and
m

Creek Week. News releases were sent to all local media outlets as well as to neighborhood
listservs and individual subscribers. Summaries of the news releases were featured as
articles in the weekly City Manager's Report, available online or via email subscription. The
Public Affairs Office hosts "Bull City Today," a daily news brief for social media that often
features stormwater topics. The briefs are saved to the Stormwater playlist at the URL:
bit.ly/swsvideos.
3.6.2 Clean Water Education Partnership Media Campaign
The Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) aims to protect North Carolina's waterways
from stormwater pollution through public education and outreach. CWEP is a cooperative
effort among local governments to educate citizens about protecting water quality in the Tar -
Pamlico, Neuse, and Cape Fear River Basins. The City of Durham's fiscal year 2021 CWEP
cost share was $12,867. CWEP's total FY21 budget was $183,481. Major outreach activities
included broadcast and online ads, a radio campaign, regular website updates, social media
posts, virtual and in -person educational outreach events, and Spanish -language newspaper
ads.
The CWEP annual report is available online at the URL: https:Z/nc-cleanwater.com.
3.6.3 Social Media and Videos
The Stormwater & GIS Division maintains a Facebook page, a Twitter feed, and a YouTube
playlist. Staff members track metrics quarterly and analyze the most effective post content.
The most popular social media posts were on a variety of topics including proper fertilizer
use, proper yard waste disposal, and green stormwater infrastructure. The main City of
Durham social media feeds promote and highlight important stormwater news items in
addition to the division's feeds.
In October 2019, Facebook changed the way it calculates non -ad impressions for pages,
resulting in lower impression numbers (htti3s://www.searchenginemournal.com/facebook-is-
chan ing-how-it-calculates-organic-impressions/331115/#close).
Videos are posted on the City of Durham's YouTube channel and featured on a "Durham
Stormwater Services Division" playlist, http://bit.ly/swsvideos.
Table 3.3 below compares metrics for the Stormwater Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube media
compared to the two previous years.
Table 3.3 Social Media and Videos Summary and Three-year Comparison
Facebook
2021
2020
2019
Page likes
823
781
737
Average weekly engaged users
21
36
35
Average weekly total impressions
438
704
1,101
Twitter
Followers
1576
1531
1440
# of tweets
178
208
251
Average daily impressions
443
503
507
Video Views
What's that Pond? Wet Detention Basins (2021)
137
Do your Pet Waste Duty (2021)
114
Pantanos Artificiales (2021)
53
Constructed Wetlands (2021)
446
CWEP Animated Video (2018)
840
731
604
Proper Paint Disposal (2018)
359
333
293
19

Green Stormwater Infrastructure (2018)
1821
1524
1322
The River Starts in Your Backyard (2018)
1117
1100
1068
Third Fork Creek Restoration (short and long versions,
2018)
692
569
297
South Ellerbe Stormwater Restoration Project Introduction
(2017)
2232
2040
1984
The Sodfather (2016, CWEP)
9270
11,783
3137
Don't Litter, Man (2016)
2295
2255
2210
Don't Litter Man -Behind the Scenes (2016)
1943
1928
1898
Algal Turf Scrubber (2015)
3574
3228
2813
Regenerative SW Conveyance (2015)
418
385
361
Nutrients (2013)
304
297
287
Stormwater Control Measures (2012)
479
455
421
No Mow (2012)
511
491
453
Car Wash (2012)
445
433
409
Sewer/FOG (2012)
331
325
298
Used Motor Oil (2012)
169
163
155
Northeast Creek WIP (2011)
516
510
496
Your Stormwater Dollars at Work (2011)
14,157
13,778
13,336
Paint Disposal (2011)
528
511
1 484
Total views -all videos
44,701
42,839
1 32,326
3.7 For the coming year
■ The City will continue its new pet waste pickup campaign through virtual and in -person outreach
including materials distribution to targeted groups.
■ The City will develop materials and deliver outreach, including educator workshops and school
presentations through virtual platforms and in person, where possible.
■ The City will develop a newsletter for businesses to highlight pollution prevention best practices.
■ The City will develop training program for regularly inspected businesses.
20

4. Public Involvement and Participation
Table 4.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Involvement and Participation
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
(a) Volunteer community
Stream Cleanups: Big Sweep in fall
264 volunteers
Public Education
involvement program
and Creek Week in spring
14,520 lbs. trash
Coordinator
Adopt -a -Drain
303 drains adopted by
volunteers
(b) Establish a mechanism
Environmental Affairs Board
Ongoing
Assistant Public
for Public Involvement
Works Director of
Stormwater & Gl�
Services
Inform the public and provide opportunities for input via a
Frequent updates, monitoring
Public Education
Facebook page, Twitter account, and YouTube channel.
and response to comments
Coordinator and
Pollution
Prevention
Coordinator
(c) Maintain a hotline
Maintain a stormwater pollution reporting hotline
Ongoing
Water Quality
Specialist
(d) Public Review and
Post Stormwater Plan and annual reports to stormwater web
Ongoing
Water Quality
Comment
page. Accept comments to be considered in annual updates.
Manager
Comply with State and City public notice requirements for rat
Ongoing
Assistant Public
changes and projects.
Works Director of
Stormwater & Gl�
Services
Public review of operational budget and capital improvemenI
Ongoing
Assistant Public
program budget: posted on website for public comment,
Works Director of
review by Citizen's CIP committee, approved by City Council.
Stormwater & Gl�
Services
Public Involvement Highlights
Stormwater & GIS Services continues to send a representative to regular Environmental Affairs Board
(EAB) meetings to get input on the permit and TMDL Response Plans, answer questions, make
announcements, and present on relevant topics. This year there were presentations or updates on
the septic -to -sewer cost share program and the Jordan Lake One Water Nutrient Strategy. The EAB has
a standing green infrastructure committee and gets updates from City -County Planning staff on
incentivizing green infrastructure and updating the Unified Development Ordinance. The EAB also
advises on expanding the urban tree canopy.
Big Sweep and Creek Week cleanups were smaller this year due to the ongoing pandemic. Big Sweep
organizers encouraged individuals and small groups to pick up litter in their neighborhoods, so the
usual data collection on volunteers and pounds of trash was not feasible. Creek Week cleanups
required pre -registration to limit numbers. In addition to cleanups, there were a few in -person events
led by Creek Week partners as well as a number of virtual offerings. For the first time, CWEP organized
a Regional Creek Week that featured a Biothon using the iNaturalist app. Residents across the
regional were encouraged to observe plants and animals and prizes were given based on categories.
• Two virtual public information sessions were held for the New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed
Improvement Plan. The sessions included opportunities for residents to provide feedback and answer
survey questions. The City created an ArcGIS story map for the project to facilitate communication and
public understanding of the watershed, its issues, and potential solutions.
• The Public Involvement Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and
implementation details.
21

For the coming year
Continue building partnerships for stream cleanup and ongoing stream stewardship.
Update social media strategy to encourage more interaction with residents.
22

5. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program
Table 5-1. BMP Summary Table for the Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Program
BMP
Responsible
Measurable Goals
Frequency
Description
Position
5.1 Maintain
Maintain Stormwater Management and Pollution Control
Ongoing
Appropriate Legal
Ordinance to the extent authorized under State law.
Authorities to
prohibit illicit
Review experience with enforcement of Stormwater
Authorities continue to be
Water Quality
Manager
discharges &
Pollution Control Ordinance and evaluate the need for
adequate within State
connections
minor adjustments.
authorizations
Total node inventory including
MS4 nodes: 82,515. Nodes
updated: 2,635. New nodes:
5.2 Maintain a
Maintain and update map and inventory data of drainage
1,519.
SW Billing & GIS
Stormwater System
system components utilizing a GIs database, including
Total pipe inventory including
Administrator
Base Map
receiving streams and major outfalls.
MS4 miles: 72,514 (1,049
miles). Pipes updated: 2,555
(58.5 miles). New pipes: 1,243
(37 miles).
Maintain written procedures for inspecting and screening
Outfall screening procedures
Water Quality
5.3 Inspection/
major outfalls and for identifying other outfalls to
documented and approved.
Analyst
Detection Program to
inspect/screen, including timeframe, areas to be targeted,
Screening plan updated
annually to identify target
(inspection,
detect dry weather
and number of outfalls.
outfalls.
enforcement)
flows at MS4 outfalls
in targeted areas
Maintain procedures to investigate concerns and
IDDE procedures documented
Water Quality
complaints related to illicit discharges and connections.
and approved. Inter -agency
Analyst
Maintain procedures for removing the sources or reporting
reporting and referral
(inspection,
the sources to the State to be properly permitted.
mechanism established.
enforcement)
Newfield staff trained in
Water Quality
Conduct training for new municipal staff involved with dry
procedures, paired with
Analyst
5.4 Training of
weather outfall screening.
experienced staff; field audits
(inspection,
Municipal Employees
conducted.
enforcement)
Involved in IDDE
Conduct training for municipal staff involved with
Newfield staff trained in
Water Quality
investigating and enforcing prohibitions against illicit
procedures, paired with
Analyst
discharges and connections on detecting and
experienced staff; field audits
(inspection,
documenting illicit discharges.
conducted.
enforcement)
Identify municipal employees likely to encounter illicit
Pollution
discharges and provide training on identifying and
Ongoing
Prevention
reporting illicit discharges.
Coordinator
Public Education
Continue to promote and maintain a pollution reporting
Coordinator and
Water Quality
5.5 Maintain Public
hotline (919-560-SWIM) and other means for public
Ongoing, also see 3(e)
Analyst
Reporting
reporting of illicit discharges.
(inspection,
Mechanisms
enforcement)
Regularly publicize mechanisms for the public to report
Ongoing
Public Education
illicit discharges.
Coordinator
Ongoing GIS database
PWGIS Manager
maintenance. 111 outfalls
and Water Quality
Continue to maintain a database documenting outfall
inspected; screening resulted
Analyst
inspections.
in 2 investigations and 1
(inspection,
source eliminated for reporting
enforcement)
Documentation
period.
5.6
Continue to maintain a database and file system to track
Ongoing MS Access database
maintenance. 218 initial
Neater Quality
dates of initial and follow-up investigations, photos and
investigations and 431 follow-
Analyst
other evidence, enforcement, actions taken by the
up investigation tasks were
(inspection,
responsible party, etc.
conducted.
enforcement)
23

BMP
Responsible
Measurable Goals
Frequency
Description
Position
24 NOVs issued; 28 NORs
Document control of sources or reporting the sources to
issued; 133 pollution sources
the State to be properly permitted.
were eliminated; for permit
referrals see Section 9(c).
5.1 Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities
Existing legal authorities provided by the Stormwater Management and Pollution Control Ordinance
(Durham City Code Chapter 70, Article V, Section 70-492 through 70-542) are adequate to allow the
City to identify and remove non-stormwater discharges that convey significant pollutants, to the
extent allowable under state law. Legal authorizations are supported by written procedures as
described in the Stormwater Management Plan.
5.2 Maintain a Stormwater System Base Map
The City of Durham has extensive GIS mapping resources thatguide efforts in location and
elimination of illicit discharges. The City has a well -developed process for updating and performing
quality control checks on these map features. Examples of stormwater mapping are provided in
Figures 5-1 and 5-2. The stormwater category includes inlets, outlets, pipes, culverts, etc., on public
and private property. Streams, ponds, and lakes are also mapped. Drainage watersheds
(sewersheds) are delineated by major streams. Higher resolution maps are available upon request.
The City requires that new development projects conduct video inspection of stormwater piping
systems, and to correct issues and re -submit video before project acceptance. The City also requires
the submittal of digital as -built drawings to facilitate updating and maintaining system base maps
and inventories.
5.3 Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in
Targeted Areas
During the reporting period, the City continued to inspect MS4 outfalls for dry weather flows to
identify possible illicit discharges. The results of outfall screening for the reporting period are
discussed in 5(f). A plan for outfall screening during the upcoming 2021-2022 session is in
development.
24

Mif
a 0.5 1 2 Miles
Cape Fear StOfm W aier Structures ICI I I
Cape Fear Stormwater Pipes N
t
Cape Fear River Basin c
"1.
Durham City Limits T i
Map created In ERSi ArcA4ap 15.5.1 using CVty of CAPE;
J Durham County Limits oufnam datasefs updalee As orzt-0ot-2o20.
Figure 5-1. Example City of Durham map of Stormwater Infrastructure in the Cape Fear River Basin. A higher
resolution map is available upon request.
25

01 -7 6
3
:.-
, I I( ;-' 4'x� ' . _ e
0 0.51 2 Miles
N
A
Map creased m ERSI ArcMap 10.5.1 using City of
Durham dalaaels updated es of21.Oct-2M.
Figure 5-2, Example City of Durham map of Stormwater Infrastructure in the Neuse River Basin. A higher
resolution map is available upon request.
WO

5.4 Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE Program
Note: The City has a separate program discussed in 8(i) and Table 8.1(i) 8 that is intended for
training other city employees to identify and report potential illicit discharges to be investigated.
The Water Quality Unit provides routine training to our staff members:
1. likely to encounter illicit discharges during other work;
2. involved with conducting dry weather outfall screening; and/or
3. involved with investigating concerns and complaints about pollution of receiving waters,
and conducting enforcement to remove pollution sources.
Staff development and training since the previous annual report have included:
• The Water Quality IDDE Analyst conducted annual classroom training for investigators in April
2021. In addition to this training session, IDDE staff included discussion of investigation
strategies, findings, and novel problems/approaches during routine weekly IDDE staff
meetings.
• The Water Quality IDDE Analyst audited investigations operations in April 2021.
• Senior staff conducted practical field training for outfall screening technicians on multiple
occasions.
• The Water Quality IDDE Analyst audited outfall screening operations in April 2021.
5.5 Reporting Mechanisms
The City continues to maintain multiple methods for reporting pollution concerns for investigation by
city staff. The City promotes the Stormwater Pollution Reporting Hotline (919) 560-SWIM, as
discussed above in 3(e). The City also promotes an e-mail address for reporting pollution concerns at
[e-mail]. This is a group e-mail address, promoted through e-mail taglines
and other means. An online reporting form is operational on the City's website. Completed online
reporting forms are automatically submitted to Water Quality staff through the group e-mail address.
Complaints are also reported through the City's One Call System, publicly accessible via: (919) 560-
1200. The Water Quality Unit also receives pollution concerns through the City's social media
accounts (Twitter and Facebook), which are updated and checked by the Pollution Prevention
Coordinator and the Public Education Coordinator.
Illicit discharge investigations are initiated or triggered by a variety of events, including phone calls,
walk-ins, and residents expressing concerns to staff at public events and meetings. Investigations
are also triggered by staff observations during outfall inspection, screening, and routine water quality
monitoring. Table 5-2 below summarizes the types of reporting methods from which investigations
were triggered during the reporting year. The category "Water Quality Staff Initiated" includes
investigations triggered by laboratory results. These may be reported several days or up to several
weeks after sample collection, so evidence of sources that are rare or intermittent may no longer be
present.
27

Table 5-2. Sources of information triggering Water Quality Investigations
Complaint Source
Total Investigations
Sources Identified
Sources Controlled
Success Rate
Durham County
Stormwater/Erosion Control
1
1
1
100%
Durham County Emergency
Management
7
6
6
86%
Water & Sewer Maintenance
22
19
17
77%
Neighborhood Improvement
Services
8
6
5
63%
Other
6
4
3
50%
Other city employee
46
30
22
48%
Water -quality staff initiated
22
15
10
45%
Citizen call (not the hotline)
9
5
4
44%
Hotline call
54
31
24
44%
Citizen Email
21
12
9
43%
Online reporting form
17
9
7
41%
Durham County Health Department
4
2
1
25%
Citizen Walk-in
1
0
0
0%
Grand Total
218
140
109
50%
IDDE program assessment includes determining the success rate for the various reporting
mechanisms. This assessment normally provides an indirect measure of efforts to enlist the help of
city residents in reporting pollution, efforts specifically to promote the Stormwater Pollution
Reporting Hotline (919-560-SWIM), and efforts to educate City staff on the hazards of illicit
discharges and how to report them. The most frequent pollution complaint sources originated from
1) Hotline calls (25%); 2) City employees (non-Stormwater or Water Management staff) (21%); and
Water & Sewer Management (10%).
5.6 Documentation
5.6.1 Database Updates
Custom-built Microsoft Access databases developed, maintained, and periodically upgraded by staff
are used to document outfall screening and IDDE investigations and enforcement.
Features of the Water Quality Outfall Screening Database include:
■ Built-in map to assist screening staff with precisely locating outfall structures. Users may click on
outfall points to view screening results history.
■ Screening data entry interface matching field form to improve efficiency and reduce error
■ Auto -generated reports of screening efforts and results
■ A mobile interface using ESRI Survey 1-2-3 has been developed and is in early stages of evaluation
prior to long-term adoption
Features of the Water Quality Investigations Database include:
■ Tracking of all relevant persons, events, dates, times, evidence, and other details for each
investigation.
m

■ Auto -generated official Notices of Requirement/Violation/Penalty, populated with user -entered
investigation data. All Notices and supporting documentation can be directly printed or exported to
PDF.
■ Tracking of investigation -specific field and laboratory water chemistry data.
■ Tracking of past site visits and observations during the now concluded Weekend Enforcement Patrol
program.
■ Tracking of educational materials distribution.
■ Built-in map to assist investigators with investigation history at a given location.
■ Auto -generated reports of the investigation queue, performance data (such as response times),
enforcement statistics, and outstanding penalties issued.
5.6.2 Summary of Investigations
During the reporting period, the City conducted 218 initial investigations and 431 follow-up
investigations. Fourteen Notices of Violation, 49 Notices of Requirement, and 7 Notices of Penalty
were issued.
5.6.3 Outfall Inspection and Screening
5.6.3.1 Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
During the reporting period, 15 outfalls were screened at seven industrial facilities. During
screenings, eight outfalls were found to be dry, six had a trickle flow, and one had moderate flow. No
evidence of illicit discharge was detected at any of these outfalls.
5.6.3.2 Fall -Winter 2020-2021 Outfall Screening
The 2020-2021 screening session occurred between October 1, 2020 and February 26, 2021. This
session's efforts focused on outfalls within a 1.5-mile radius of the Downtown Durham urban area,
which is within the Third Fork and Ellerbe Creek subwatersheds. During this session, the program
tested a theory that dry weather sewage discharges were more likely to occur during morning hours
due to increased residential water usage. Screening was exclusively conducted between 7:00 a.m.
and 10:00 a.m. to match usage patterns.
Outfalls were identified using ESRI ArcMap in conjunction with up-to-date datasets maintained by the
City of Durham Dept. of Public Works Stormwater & GIS Services.
Of the 69 outfalls screened, approximately 61% of all outfalls screened were discharging, with 29%
having trickle flow, 28% having moderate flow, and 4% having substantial flow.
Technicians observed and measured trigger level exceedances for field measurements of
conductivity (1 outfall), ammonia (1 outfall), and detergents (1 outfall). Investigations were not
triggered on all instances of exceedance, depending on the totality of field observations and
conditions. At two outfalls, grab samples were collected for laboratory analysis. This is the protocol
when specific conductance is measured in exceedance of a trigger in the absence of any other
indicator. Field measurements and observations resulted in two illicit discharge investigations.
Pollutant sources were identified and eliminated as a result of those investigations.
29

An additional 42 outfalls were screened in the Northeast Creek watershed between November 9,
2020 and November 13, 2020. These screenings were performed as a part of our documented
Canine IDDE Services Study Plan, which was designed to assess use of canines trained to detect the
scent of human waste and greywater in the drainage system. Positive canine wastewater detections
from this study were mapped using GIS software. From this spatial analysis, clusters of detections
were used to target additional investigation and inspection of drainage system structures with
greater probability of illicit wastewater discharges. Over the summer 2021 months, the Outfall
Screening Program will be conducting more intensive inspection of these target areas. The final
results of the study are pending these follow-up investigations and inspections.
In FY2022, as the second phase of canine scent tracking assessment, the Stormwater Quality Unit
will be collecting discharge samples from drainage system outfalls in Northeast Creek for shipment
to the canine contractor for offsite scent testing.
Table 5-3. Outfall screening program results summary, by season, from 2015 through 2020.
2018-
2019-
2016-2017
2017-2018
2020-2021
2019
2020
Canine
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Winter
Winter
IDDE Pilot
Ellerbe,
New
Primary
Hope,
Third Fork
Third
Northeast
Northeast
Ellerbe, Third
Ellerbe, Third
Northeast
Watershed(s)
Sandy,
Fork
Fork
Fork
Creek
Third
Fork
Outfall
screening
5 Months
2 months
4 months
2 months
5 months
5 months
5 months
3 days
period
Total outfalls
284
23
227
33
211
135
69
42
visited
Number of
structures
10
2
15
8
44
19
1
0
disqualified
upon visit
Number of
outfalls with
151
13
87
19
158
54
42
22
flow or standing
(53%)
(57%)
(38%)
(18%)
(75%)
(40%)
(61%)
(52%)
water
Investigations
resulting from
6
0
9
2
5
3
2
Pending
outfall screening
Sources
eliminated from
4
0
3
0
0
2
2
Pending
outfall screening
investigations
Percent of
flowing outfalls
4%
0%
11%
11%
0%
5%
4%
Pending
resulting in
investigations
30

Public ROW outtalls N Map prepared W St— —ter& cis ser W"Dept. or N Due
A Works, on215ep1-2020. In brm eti- de pic[etl is brreference
Storm Sewersheds On 0.125 D d.zs miles pamases amy add Is eampuea rmm rn menoest a,rauaDie
es. e ciriaruuruse assum respaosinnity br
Target Area ors ar kaing from th a or m�ause ofthis map.
Figure 5-3. Map of outfalls selected for dry weather screening during the fall -winter 2020-2021 screening
season.
5.6.4 Investigations
31

An investigations general effectiveness summary is in Table 5-4 below. The five-year average for
investigation source control success is approximately 81%.
Table 5-4. Investigation activity by reporting period.
10/1/16 -
9/30/17
10/1/17 -
9/30/18
10/1/18 -
6/30/19
7/1/19 -
6/30/20
7/1/20 -
6/30/21
Initial Investigations
381
350
260
221
218
Investigations Identifying Pollutant Sources'
264
253
192
169
144
Investigations Controlling Pollutant Sources
216
202
170
133
109
Control Success Rate
82%
80%
88%
79%
76%
'Separately, we report the total number of sources identified. Each investigation can identify
multiple sources. The above table counts the number of investigations where sources were
identified.
5.6.5 Enforcement
The Water Quality Unit issued 49 Notices of Requirement (NOR), 14 Notices of Violation (NOV), and 7
Notices of Penalty (NOP) during the reporting period.
For the seven NOPs issued, a total of $2,437.50 in civil penalties was assessed. Copies of all NOPs
are sent to the City's Finance Dept. General Billing unit, where invoices are created for penalty
amounts owed. Monthly statements are submitted by Billing to our investigators for review. All
penalty payments are processed by General Billing. When necessary, General Billing handles
nonpayment of penalties through a private collections agency, which is not tracked by the
Stormwater & GIS Services Division.
5.6.6 Evaluation and Assessment
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be the most likely cause of this sharp two-year decrease in
complaint volume. Fewer complaints lead to fewer IDDE investigations. Accordingly, there were 218
initial investigations conducted during the reporting period. The Water Quality Unit staff identified
165 distinct pollution sources over 144 investigations. One hundred nine investigations resulted in
sources being controlled, which is an overall success rate of 76%. Not all investigation efforts have
actionable results. Several variable conditions influence our overall effectiveness. An investigation
may not find a water quality problem affecting the drainage system or surface waters, or a water
quality problem may be found, but the source is unidentifiable. Yet other times, a source may be
found but was either a one-time occurrence (and uncontrollable after the fact) or has been
eliminated before an investigation was undertaken. On occasion, an initial investigation reveals that
a matter must be referred to another City, County, or State agency due to jurisdictional reasons.
The subwatershed with the greatest number of individual pollution sources was Ellerbe Creek (58),
which accounted for 35% of all pollution sources identified by investigations in the City. The next
closest watersheds, in terms of percent of total sources, were Third Fork Creek (48 or 29%) and New
Hope Creek (19 or 12%).
32

By land area, 52% of the City drains to the Neuse River Basin and 48% drains to the Cape Fear River
Basin. As summarized in Table 5-5, 86 sources (52%) were found in the Neuse River Basin and 79
(48%) were found in the Cape Fear River Basin during the reporting period.
A graphical representation of these figures is below in Figure 5-4.
Pollutant Sources Identified by Permit Year
30.00%
25.00%
2 20.00% -
I
0
U)
0 15.00%
a�
i= 10.00%
z
5.00% Ind ... III III III 111.... III1111
0.00 /o
■ 2017
■ 2018
Illi� i�ll� I •2019
0a+\°* �4� �o\5�0d` lec, 0�a\�\°1 `°o �4° a-0 Jaa o`° a1P yJP �°z -"a� ayz'a 10
�\ °� °a a� 5 a0 a� 0� a° °a �,a o �y �y °J Q �° co °a a� \�
c�` 0 o r
0�0 y04 0c° a`yc`1G "\o o06 y�"1 IQ, � Q a`y a�a off` Boa°moo o`°r�� \aJ� �� otoa
0 5 �•��0 0Q� 0.� 0 c1a� o io'S 0 5 Q o.¢oa
�` c1. a� ° ` 5 �\ 5 °� � a t° .�J a � O a 5 i .t` 0 . °
a, c 5� a` o �+ �� 0 J� a Q . 0 �0
o� c1 a 0 .., �� a o �a ..° c° �0 J�
G a� ya .a 5 a� .��0 J� �a 0a 0 �a 0 ��\ �°
5 a °�o °a F o� O a �. ♦Q �c� a4o �� ��o 00 0 �a
a o 0\ ca Q a 0 0 a
o \off aa0\�oJS �oQOi �40 .\-' y0
5 6 �� r\
c,caa���0�°1, �a100�° "Qt ��a5
G0y0 61°
G°tea y�
O�
Figure 5-4. Five-year record of pollutant sources identified during Water Quality Investigations.
5.7 IDDE Highlights for the Coming Year
■ 2020
■ 2021
■ The next round of dry weather outfall screening will begin in October 2021 and run through the end of
February 2022. A plan for this session is in development.
■ We will be extending our evaluation of sewage -detecting canines as an IDDE strategy during the
course of the upcoming fall -winter dry weather outfall screening. Our protocol for this phase of the
study is to collect samples of outfall discharge for offsite scent analysis, where fugitive scent
interference may be controlled.
33

Table 5-5. Total sources of surface water pollution identified, by type and sub -basin, from 7/1/20 through 6/30/21.
IDDE Program Sources of Pollution Identified During 7/1/2020 to 6/30/2021 Period
F�m Spa Said Pmete Laundry S50 Server Other Mid Other Total f
and n Fier Sera Un- leak, �oolag Ilidt Mbdb of
aim mast dhargo break Ctnneo- Car soroes
inn Mashing
C` pe Fear [79 sows)
ookedDeek F-11 F-01��
Litt le Creek (Orange Co.) F 01F��
Morga n Creek (Orange C F of F of
NewHope Creek I®®®0®0®00®®®®00 iS
North east Creek IF-2] F 01� 1O
MINIA , (96 saUnWO
Brier Creek ®®®®®®®®®®0®®®®0
EllertreCreek 110 F-15 11 58
Eno River IFol Fol� 12
Lick Creek I®®®®®®®00®®®®®®0
Litt le Lick Creek I®®®F-11 ®®®®®00
LittleRiuer I�F--()]��
Panther Creek I�F__11��
irrupiron creek IFolF��
UpperCraWee 0eek IF 01F��
[QandTotal 2������������
PMviompui dTdal 2�����
34

6. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Program
As indicated in the City's permit and SMP, construction site runoff within the City of Durham is
regulated by the following entities:
• Durham County Stormwater and Erosion Control Program: construction projects by entities that do not
have the power of eminent domain (private projects, covers most construction).
• North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section: projects by
entities with eminent domain authority, projects that are publicly funded, exempt agricultural uses,
and state -permitted mining uses.
• North Carolina Department of Transportation: state road projects and work within North Carolina road
rights -of -way.
Durham County requires permits for all projects that disturb more than 12,000 square feet and an
approved erosion control plan for projects that disturb more than 20,000 square feet. The other
entities require an erosion control plan for all sites that disturb more than one acre under the North
Carolina Erosion Control Law.
In November 2018, NCDEMLR issued an updated Model Ordinance for sedimentation and erosion
control. Durham County began the process of updating its ordinance to match the model ordinance.
This also includes additional programmatic updates designed to address local issues, strengthen
legal language with regards to permitting and enforcement, and provide enhanced environmental
protection. The most significant changes include limiting disturbed area at any one time on
construction sites to 20 acres, requiring additional information for agricultural exemptions, new
stockpile height and slope requirements, and sizing requirements for sediment basins that are to be
used for permanent stormwater control measures. These new requirements took effect in July 2020.
Non-exempt private projects under the jurisdiction of the Durham County Stormwater and Erosion
Control Program are subject to more stringent disturbance limits and other requirements.
Construction site runoff from these development activities is controlled under provisions of a Unified
Development Ordinance (UDO) adopted by both the City of Durham and the County of Durham. As
provided in Section 3.8.1 of the UDO, the ordinance applies to certain land -disturbing activities
anywhere with Durham County, including the City of Durham, and is enforced by the Durham County
Sedimentation and Erosion (S & E) Control Officer, which is delegated and authorized by the North
Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section. Staff includes the
Division Manager, a Stormwater Manager and three Stormwater and Erosion Control Technicians
who conduct plans reviews and site visits of active construction projects monthly and after major
rain events. Two new positions, an Erosion Control Supervisor and a GIS Analyst, were approved in
the FY2021 Budget and filled in January 2021 and December 2020, respectively.
In an attempt to improve response to citizen complaints and better educate citizens on erosion
control violations, Durham County partners with the Haw Riverkeeper in implementing the Muddy
Water Watch program. Muddy Water Watch is a citizen engagement tool where anyone can use a
smartphone app to submit erosion control concerns. The app provides location, date, and time data
and the user can input photos and comments. The concerns are then emailed directly to the Division
Manager and the Riverkeeper for review.
Durham County is also incorporating GIS into their inspections process through the use of Pads and
ESRI's Surface 123 app. Development of the Survey began in Spring 2019 and beta testing began in
June. The Survey will allow for inspection reports to be generated on Pads while also collecting GIS
35

data on construction sites. Additionally, a dashboard has been created for use in the office. The
dashboard will include further reporting capabilities as well as inspection planning and mapping.
Beta testing continued throughout the Fall of 2019, with administrative staff utilizing the new
platforms for plan submittals and field staff conducting inspections with the iPads. County Staff
presented about this new initiative at the 2020 International Erosion Control Association Annual
Conference in Raleigh, NC in February 2020. A full migration of the County's stormwater and erosion
control database was scheduled for Spring 2020 but was delayed due to a malware attack and
COVID-19. With the hiring of an internal GIS Analyst in December 2020, Durham County's Erosion
Control Program is working to incorporate GIS into its everyday operations. This process is still under
development but will include the use of multiple ESRI products to allow for better inspection and
enforcement tracking, drivetime efficiency, and other improvements in the coming year.
As a locally delegated program, Durham County participates annually in the North Carolina Division
of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources Local Program Workshop. Due to COVID-19, there was no
2020 Local Program Workshop. Instead, NCDEMLR produced an Erosion & Sediment Control Design
Workshop Webinar Series. Durham County staff participated in the 10 webinar series in the fall of
2020. In April 2021, NCDEMLR hosted a virtual Local Program Workshop which all County
Stormwater and Erosion Control Staff attended.
The North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section reviews
and approves erosion and sediment control plans, and conducts inspections for projects with public
funding and projects carried out by entities with the power of eminent domain. Durham County
regularly contacts NCDEMLR staff regarding state -permitted sites if concerns are noted. On occasion,
County staff have conducted courtesy inspections of state projects and forwarded information to
state officials.
As reported in Section 5, the City's IDDE program conducted 19 investigations that identified erosion
and sediment pollution sources during the reporting period. Erosion and sediment related sources
remain the most common type of source identified by the City's IDDE investigations program. As a
proportion of sources identified, sediment and erosion issues appear to be declining in frequency
over the past five years (see Table 6.1).
Table 6.1 Declining trend of sediment and erosion control sources identified by City IDDE investigations.
Values are percent of total sources identified.
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Proportion of all sources identified
24%
19%
18%
12%
8%
as erosion and sediment issues
Two of the 19 investigations identifying inadequate sediment control efforts were at county -
inspected projects. These issues were referred to County Stormwater and Erosion Control for review
and inspection. The remaining 17 investigations were at small private construction sites and
directional drilling operations. We observed that most issues arose from failure to install or maintain
adequate sediment and erosion control measures. At two investigation sites, we found appropriate
control measures that were overwhelmed by recent intense rain events. Where sediment had
entered a city street, drainage system, or creek, the Water Quality unit conducted enforcement when
necessary to bring the site into compliance with the City's Stormwater Management and Pollution
Control Ordinance.
During the July 2020 through June 2021 period, the EcoNET weather station located at the North
Durham Water Reclamation Facility recorded 57.05 inches of rainfall. During the previous annual
reporting period, we estimated 31.79 inches of rainfall.
36

Table 6.2 Submittals Summary
ID
Zone
Project
Date Submitted
Plan Required
Disturbed Area
6157
1
Trinity Quad + Gilbert
7/23/2020
Yes
72,310
Addoms Site & Utility Impr
6177
1
2828 Pickett Road Office
9/3/2020
Yes
61,356
Parking Expansion
6182
1
Duke Lemur Center
9/14/2020
Yes
70,375
6185
1
Durham Nativity School
9/24/2020
Yes
62,503
6198
1
Glenn Crossing
10/22/2020
Yes
1,014,948
6206
1
Popeye's - 3320 Westgate
11/5/2020
Yes
27,381
Drive
6222
1
Duke Univ Site 3 Chilled
12/4/2020
Yes
67,954
Water Thermal Storage
6230
1
Camden Durham
12/29/2020
Yes
239,580
6238
1
The Forest at Duke
1/19/2021
Yes
119,790
6244
1
Duke University Utility Site
2/8/2021
Yes
85,339
No ! Thermal Plant
6252
1
Duke University Utility No 1
3/5/2021
Yes
85,339
Thermal Plant
6254
1
Erwin Terrace - Storage
2/22/2021
Yes
48,921
Building
6181
2
Trailwood Subdivision
9/10/2020
Yes
261,133
6183
2
Guess Road Storage
9/15/2020
Yes
240,000
Center
6193
2
355 Morehead Self
10/5/2020
Yes
39,750
Storage
6213
2
Summit Church
11/11/2020
Yes
546,000
6218
2
949 Washington
11/23/2020
Yes
109,894
6227
2
Lednum Townhomes
12/16/2020
Yes
104,980
6228
2
The Vega (214 Hunt)
12/22/2020
Yes
44,525
6236
2
GeerHouse
1/4/2021
Yes
174,240
6242
2
Weaving Water
1/22/2021
Yes
216,841
6261
2
Shoccoree Residential
3/15/2021
Yes
1,263,833
6277
2
509 North Mangum
4/19/2021
Yes
59,883
37

6279
2
Croasdaile Village Heritage
4/20/2021
Yes
130,680
Hall
6299
2
318 W. Corporation St.
6/7/2021
Yes
22,766
6275
3
Highland View Subdivision
4/15/2021
Yes
1,742,400
6158
5
Discovery Charter School
7/28/2020
Yes
740,520
6160
5
Project Flash
7/21/2020
Yes
784,080
6174
5
Corning
8/26/2020
Yes
755,000
6251
5
Orange Factory Road
3/5/2021
Yes
85,573
6173
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3 -
8/19/2020
Yes
23,958
Lots 185,186
6178
6
Summer Meadows
9/3/2020
Yes
250,000
Apartments
6180
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3 -
9/3/2020
Yes
34,412
Lots 187,188,189,190
6207
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
11/5/2020
Yes
8,276
Lot 181
6220
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
12/3/2020
Yes
22,652
Lots 177, 178, 179
6226
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
12/17/2020
Yes
23,958
Lots 195-197
6231
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
12/29/2020
Yes
30,927
Lots 199,200,201,202
6234
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
1/7/2021
Yes
81,203
Lots 172,173,174,175,176
6241
6
924 Old Oxford Road
1/21/2021
Yes
43,527
6262
6
Hebron Village
3/18/2021
Yes
1,073,633
6269
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3-
4/5/2021
Yes
27,878
Lots 160-163
6278
6
Duke 97 Subdivision
4/20/2021
Yes
391,936
6282
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 3
4/26/2021
Yes
45,302
Lots 164, 165, 166, 167
6289
6
Magnolia Creek Lots 14,
4/30/2021
Yes
22,651
15, 16,17
6293
6
Excelsior Academy
5/21/2021
Yes
176,418
6296
6
Magnolia Creek Lots 9,
6/2/2021
Yes
29,185
168, 169, 205
IN

6151
8
1001 Olive Branch Road
7/6/2020
Yes
2,539,548
6172
8
Corners @ Brier Creek
8/24/2020
Yes
370,260
Townhomes - North
6184
8
Fox Crossing
9/22/2020
Yes
165,528
6186
8
Brightleaf 12 Expansion
9/24/2020
Yes
87,120
6216
8
Sykes Property
11/18/2020
Yes
1,001,880
6223
8
Nichols Farm
12/4/2020
Yes
1,054,152
6281
8
Tredenham
4/23/2021
Yes
609,840
6286
8
Nichols Farm - Individual
4/28/2021
Yes
622,908
Lot EC plan
6306
8
Corners at Brier Creek
6/17/2021
Yes
609,840
TH's - South
6309
8
Leesville Road
6/22/2021
Yes
2,722,500
Assemblage
6311
8
Sherron Place
6/22/2021
Yes
257,661
6312
8
Fendol Farms By Lot
6/30/2021
Yes
2,485,534
Builder
6152
9
3404 Page Road
7/8/2020
Yes
1,089,000
Townhomes
6156
9
Long Beverage Parking
7/17/2020
Yes
186,982
Addition
6164
9
O'Reilly Auto Parts
8/5/2020
Yes
32,000
6171
9
Page Road Townhomes
8/24/2020
Yes
261,360
6190
9
Everett Tree Service
9/29/2020
Yes
166,553
6239
9
10 Davis
1/19/2021
Yes
829,679
6246
9
Angier Avenue
2/10/2021
Yes
871,200
Townhomes
6250
9
Windy Hill Road Road and
2/22/2021
Yes
28,314
Water Extension
6255
9
RTI International Bldg
3/2/2021
Yes
114,535
Demo
6266
9
Bethpage Apartments
3/22/2021
Yes
622,908
6283
9
RTI Hill Building Demo
4/26/2021
Yes
32,234
6295
9
Alexander Commerce Park
5/26/2021
Yes
1,306,800
39

6300
9
Parmer Ellis Parking
6/8/2021
Yes
186,894
Expansion
6308
9
Windhaven Crossing
6/21/2021
Yes
317,179
6310
9
Patriot Business Park -
6/22/2021
Yes
43,560
Bldgs 3 & 4
6315
9
Ellis Road Industrial Spec
6/30/2021
Yes
844,850
6166
10
Hopson Rd Storage Phase
11
7/17/2020
Yes
39,204
6243
10
Wells Fargo at HUB
1/26/2021
Yes
47,920
6259
10
6 Davis Dr Bldgs 3 & 4 -
3/11/2021
Yes
356,746
Phase 2
6264
10
Swabia Court
3/18/2021
Yes
265,200
6170
11
Project Green
8/17/2020
Yes
2,700,720
6187
11
NC HWY 55 ABC
9/30/2020
Yes
87,263
6199
11
1612 Carpenter Fletcher
10/6/2020
Yes
28,000
Rd
6203
11
2401 S Alston
10/15/2020
Yes
39,345
6204
11
Selby Ave Homes
10/28/2020
Yes
143,750
6212
11
Carpenter Fletcher Cluster
11/9/2020
Yes
149,882
Subdivision
6224
11
Quality Oil Durham
12/15/2020
Yes
60,428
6245
11
Sector 3A/3B Mass
2/10/2021
Yes
610,000
Grading
6253
11
Popeye's, QSR & Oil
2/18/2021
Yes
80,522
Change
6273
11
Medicago Covid 2.0
4/1/2021
Yes
35,284
Expansion
6291
11
Courtney Creek Lots 171-
5/20/2021
Yes
16,118
177
6313
11
Braxton
6/25/2021
Yes
1,316,382
SW-
11
Project Green
11/16/2020
Yes
2,874,960
2011
SW-
11
Parmer Ellis Parking
6/10/2021
Yes
186,894
2105
Expansion
6179
12
Crown Honda of
9/2/2020
Yes
479,160
Southpoint
M

6192
12
Pointe at Stratford Lakes
10/2/2020
Yes
59,677
Lots 1-14, 46-50, 80-84
6225
12
Pointe @ Stratford Lakes
12/17/2020
Yes
59,677
Lots 21-35,74-79
6240
12
Arbor Place
1/20/2021
Yes
30,753
6256
12
Highland Park Ph2 Lots
3/5/2021
Yes
67,470
72-87 & 24-32
6265
12
Pointe at Stratford Lakes
3/19/2021
Yes
78,408
Lots 36-73
6285
12
Harris Teeter Fuel # 224
4/27/2021
Yes
68,830
Hope Valley
6314
12
Highland Park Ph2 Lots
6/28/2021
Yes
42,467
103-88
6175
13
Fifth Third Westgate Bank
8/27/2020
Yes
30,255
6235
13
Winton Reserve
12/29/2020
Yes
65,340
6176
14
Moriah Multi Family
8/28/2020
Yes
529,177
6194
14
Morningside
10/8/2020
Yes
54,126
6197
14
1030 Akron Ave
10/14/2020
Yes
30,448
6201
14
Creekside Commons
10/26/2020
Yes
13,939
Phase 3 - Lots
65,66,67,68, 69
6287
14
Farrington Townes
5/3/2021
Yes
153,767
6290
14
Farrington Multi -Family
5/13/2021
Yes
393,923
6211
15
Unlimited Recovery
11/9/2020
Yes
82,995
6276
15
RCC Buildings 3,4,5
4/14/2021
Yes
871,200
6280
15
Hemlock
4/20/2021
Yes
174,240
SW-
100
Project Flash
2/4/2021
Yes
1,154,340
2102
SW-
100
Leesville Rd Boat and RV
2/23/2021
Yes
194,115
2103
Storage
SW-
100
Lake Michie Raw Water
6/2/2021
Yes
121,968
2108
Pump Improvements
Total
114
41

7. Development and Re -development Program Post -Construction Program
Site Runoff Controls
Table 7.1 below summarizes the stormwater management measures that were to be implemented,
their measurable goals, and the status of those goals during the reporting period. Many of the
measurable goals have already been attained through programs that have been in place for many
years. There were only subtle revisions scheduled or planned for these programs, and
implementation will continue to be ongoing. For those management measures and measurable goals
for which changes were planned and implemented during the past year, the progress on those goals
has been summarized under the "Status" column
Table 7.1 SCM Summary Table for Post Construction Site Runoff Controls
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Maintain by ordinance a program to address stormwater
Ordinance revisions were adopted on
runoff from new development and redevelopment in all
5/20/2019.
areas of the City.
Maintain the Reference Guide for Development and City of
Ongoing. Revisions to the Reference Guide
Durham Addendum to the NC DEQ Stormwater Best
for Development are periodic to stay current
Management Practices Manual.
with State requirements and general
program improvement.
Continue to implement the City's stormwater development
Ongoing. See (a) on page 3.
(a) Post -Construction Stormwater
Management Program
review process, which includes site plan and construction
drawing review, to ensure compliance with the ordinance
and SCM design standards.
Maintain the City's stormwater SCM as -built approval
Ongoing.
process.
Further improve and add additional functionality to the
Ongoing improvements. See (a) on page 3.
Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) Tool ("the Tool").
Train Stormwater Development Review staff.
Ongoing training. See (a) on page 3.
Maintain strategies that include a combination of
Ongoing.
structural and/or non-structural SCMs implemented in
concurrence with (a) above.
(b) Strategies which include
Continue to require Stormwater Impact Analysis for each
Ongoing. Stormwater Impact Analysis still
SCMs appropriate for the MS4
development project.
required for each development project.
Provide a mechanism to require long-term operation and
See (d) below.
maintenance of structural SCMs. Require annual
inspection reports of permitted structural SCMs performed
by a qualified professional.
Revisions to the City Code adopted
Use recorded plats and recorded Operation and
5/20/2019 removed future requirements
Maintenance Agreements to indicate restrictions that
for Stormwater Facility Agreements. The City
convey with a property as one way of ensuring that
Code and recorded plats are utilized to
development projects will continue to be operated and
ensure development projects continue to be
(c) Deed Restrictions and
maintained consistent with approved plans.
operated and maintained consistent with
Protective Covenants
approved plans.
Ongoing.
Use recorded conservations easements to protect
property.
Ongoing. Revisions to the City Code adopted
5/20/2019 removed future requirements
For each structural SCM required by ordinance, require an
for Stormwater Facility Agreements,
(d1) Operation and MaintenanCE
executed and recorded stormwater facility agreement with
however, the City Code requirements and
(0&M
property owner(s) that requires long-term operation and
the City's post -construction program
maintenance.
ensures long-term operation and
maintenance. (See Section 7.4.1 below for
additional information.)
WIA

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
For each completed structural SCM required by ordinance,
Ongoing. The as-builts for 100% of the
require an operation and maintenance plan, i.e. 0&M
SCMs which were completed during the
Manual, which lists specific inspection and maintenance
reporting period included an 0&M manual.
activities required to ensure the proper functioning and
upkeep of a particular SCM. The property owner/permittee
is responsible for maintaining the facility per the recorded
stormwater facility agreement, and City ordinance.
Require annual inspection reports of permitted structural
Ongoing. 1,076 inspection reports
SCMs performed by a qualified professional.2
submitted in the 2020-2021 report period.
Conduct annual quality assurance inspections on a portion
Ongoing. The City conducted quality
of all reports, including at least one from each certified
assurance site inspections on 75/o of all
inspector submitting reports.
reports, including at least one report from
each certified inspector submitting reports.
(d2) Operation and Maintenance
Conduct field assessment of City -owned structural SCMs to
Ongoing. Staff conducted field assessments
for municipally -owned or
verify conditions, operational issues, and maintenance
of all City -owned SCMs within the 2020-
maintained structural stormwater
needs.
2021 reporting period.
SCMs
Conduct seminars for engineers, architects, and
Three (3) seminars were held virtually during
developers at least twice a year.
the reporting period, December 17, 2020,
March 18, 2021 and June 24, 2021.
Distribute information on post -construction program
Two (2) announcements were sent to the
(e) Educational materials and
changes via the "Development Community"email list.
development community during the
training for developers
reporting period.
Conduct voluntary SCM handoff meetings with developers
Ongoing. Three (3) SCM handoff meetings
and Homeowner's Associations of single-family residential
were held virtually during the reporting
subdivisions.
period. September 2, 2020, October 19,
2020 and February 25, 2021.
Most of the City's post -construction program has been in place for many years, with significant
evolution occurring in ordinance revisions in 2001, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2019. For the remainder
of the permit term beginning October 2018, specific changes are expected to be needed as new or
better information becomes available or evolving conditions warrant, such as the Neuse rules
revision/re-adoption. No specific changes were planned for this 2020-2021 reporting period.
For further information about the City of Durham's Post -Construction Storm Water Management
Program, please see Section 7.6 of the City's Stormwater Management Program Plan.
7.1 Post Construction Stormwater Management Program
The Performance Standards for New Development Ordinance was adopted on April 18, 2005. The
most recent revisions were adopted on 5/20/2019. Stormwater & GIS services fully implemented
the ordinance during the reporting period. The Jordan Lake Stormwater Management for New
Development regulations were removed and replaced with NPDES Phase II regulations on
5/20/2019.
The Reference Guide for Development was also updated in the reporting period. Revisions for
Section 8.6 were finalized and incorporated into the Reference Guide. Also, an alternative
application procedure was included for formal requests to vary the means of compliance based on
new technology, unusual field conditions, industry hardships, etc. A proprietary SCM not included in
the design requirements would be an example of a potential request. Staff continued to vet NCDEQ's
2 A qualified professional means a North Carolina Professional Engineer (NC PE) or NC Registered Landscape Architect (NC
RLA) trained and/or certified in the design, operation, inspection and maintenance aspects of the SCMs being inspected.
For example, someone trained and certified by NC State University for SCM Inspection and Maintenance is a qualified
professional. For a more comprehensive discussion of this facet of SCM operation and maintenance, please see
htto://durhamnc.gov/695/BCE-As-Builts-BMC-Maintenance-Programs .
43

new Stormwater Design Manual incorporating Minimum Design Criteria (MDCs) and discussed
needed addenda if/when the City decides to adopt this latest design manual or some variation of it.
The SCM Tool database was extensively used during the reporting period. The Tool serves as the
inventory of structural SCMs and has the functionality to input, manage, and query project regulatory
compliance, drainage area, SCM maintenance inspections and compliance, and nutrient loading
information. No improvements were made to the SCM tool database during the reporting period.
Training of Stormwater Development Review staff continued throughout the reporting period. This
included weekly internal training and external or online training given by North Carolina State
University, the NCDEQ, the American Public Works Association, and other organizations. Professional
Development Hour (PDH) credits were given for a number of these training sessions.
7.2 Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate for
the MS4
The City of Durham continues to require a detailed Stormwater Impact Analysis for each
development project to identify whether SCMs are needed to bring the project into compliance with
applicable water quality and water quantity requirements. If SCMs are required, design calculations
that adhere to the current City and State SCM design standards must be provided to and approved
by the City. The City's mechanisms for requiring long-term operation and maintenance of the
required structural SCMs are discussed in Sections 7.3 and 7.4 below.
7.3 Deed Restrictions and Covenants
Revisions to the City Code adopted on 5/20/2019 removed future requirements for Stormwater
Facility Agreements. City Code requirements, recorded plats, Declaration of Covenants, Conditions,
and Restrictions (CC&Rs), as well as approved Operation and Maintenance (0&M) Manuals, ensure
SCMs are operated and maintained per approved plans.
7.4 Operation and Maintenance Plan
7.4.1 Privately Owned Structural SCMs
A total of 18 stormwater facility agreements were prepared during the reporting period (four
commercial, three residential, eight supplemental commercial, and three supplemental residential).
The revisions described in Section 7.3 also apply to privately -owned SCMs. An 0&M Manual is a
required element of every as -built submittal package. The as-builts for 100% of the SCMs which were
completed during the reporting period included an 0&M manual.
An operation and maintenance (0&M) manual is a required element of every as -built submittal
package. 0&M manuals are required before SCMs are approved (during as -built submittal unless
approved during construction drawing approval) and after SCMs are approved within each annual
inspection report submittal. Requirements can be found within Article X of the Durham City Code
(Section 70-742 for the initial 0&M manual and 70-743 under perpetual maintenance). Section 8.6
of the Reference Guide for Development further defines the requirement of the initial 0&M manual.
A Letter to Industry dated 12/18/13 specifies the preparation requirements of the 0&M manual.
The BMP Annual Maintenance Certification Protocol specifies the requirement for the 0&M manual
with each annual inspection report submittal. A Letter to Industry dated 4/26/2020 also specifies
the requirement for the 0&M manual with each annual inspection report submittal. The City views
0&M manuals as dynamic documents due to the aging/maturing of each SCM, evolution of SCM
maintenance practices, and to identify specific issues/remedies observed during annual inspections.
In order to continue improving upon its efforts in achieving compliance, the City adopted strategies,
e.g. tiered enforcement, to increase compliance rate. The tiered enforcement includes Notices of
MA

Regulatory Requirements, Notices of Breach, Director's Notices, and Notices of Violations. The
following notices were issued during the reporting period:
■ Notices of Regulatory Requirements - 312
■ Notices of Breach - 20
■ Director's Notices - 0
■ Notices of Violation - 0
Notices of Regulatory Requirements were issued to SCM owners approximately 45 days in advance
of compliance deadline dates to notify of the inspection and report obligations. Notices of Breach
and Director's Notices were issued after the expiration of compliance deadlines. 3 Notices of
Violation were issued after the expiration of additional/extended compliance deadlines and included
proposed monetary civil penalties. The most common reasons for issuing the Notices of Breach and
Notices of Violation were for failing to submit an annual inspection report and failing to complete
identified repairs and submitting a passing inspection report. The utilization of the first four steps
initially improved the compliance rate from the previous reporting period. The City also utilized soft
enforcement strategies, e.g., education and SCM handoff meetings, to increase compliance rates.
It is important to note the effect of COVID-19 on compliance and notifications. The City ceased
issuing compliance notifications to SCM owners beginning March 15, 2020, due to local and state
emergency declarations which continued throughout the majority of this reporting period.
Consequently, compliance rates significantly decreased during the state of emergency declaration.
The City resumed issuing compliance notifications starting with Notices of Regulatory Requirement in
mid -February of 2021 and gradually resumed issuing Notices of Breach. Additionally, the City expects
to implement monetary civil penalties during the upcoming year. The City also anticipates finalizing
the SCM Maintenance Program's Compliance and Enforcement Guidelines.
The City received 1,076 annual inspection reports within the reporting period. Of these reports, 964
were accepted and 112 were rejected for inaccuracies or errors. Additionally, 218 SCMS failed their
initial annual inspection during the reporting period which required an additional inspection report
upon completion of repairs. The City conducted quality assurance site inspections on 86% of all
privately owned SCMs and 75% of all reports received within the reporting period, including at least
one report from each certified inspector submitting reports.
7.4.2 City -owned Structural SCMs
Routine maintenance was performed on City -owned SCMs by the department responsible for the
SCM. The City utilized the same inspection checklist for annual maintenance certification as is
required of private SCM owners and completed them a minimum of once per year per facility. The
City will continue to improve its operation and maintenance of municipally owned or maintained
SCMs during the FY 2022 reporting period.
7.5 Educational Materials and Training for Developers
7.5.1 Seminars
Three seminars were held during the reporting period. Dates and agendas are provided below:
Table 7.2 Developer Seminars July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021
Date of Seminar
Agenda
December 17, 2020
��d
Accessibility Ramps- How to Help Expedite Your Certificate of Occupancy, Jeff Lecky, PE, City
of Durham, Department of Public Works, Engineering Inspections
3 With exception of SCMs with annual inspection months between April and June of 2020; due to COVID-19 and local/state
emergency declarations
45

• Wetland Plant Spotlight, Ian Peterson, PE, City of Durham, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater Development Review
• Reference Guide for Development Alternative Request Applications, Shea Bolick, PE, PLS,
CFM, City of Durham, Department of Public Works, Stormwater Development Review and
Robert Joyner, PE, City of Durham, Department of Public Works, Engineering Development
Review
March 18, 2021
• Managing Nuisance Aquatic Plants and Algae, West Bishop, Ph.D., CLP, SePro Research and
Technology Campus
• Notice of Herbicide Use Policy Revision and the SCM Herbicide Use Notification (SHUN)
Form, Bill Hailey and Sam Jackson, City of Durham, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater Development Review
• Who Says SCMs Take Backstage? Learn ways to incorporate green infrastructure into your
outdoor environment, making spaces engaging and healthy for people and the
environment., Katherine Gill, PLA, ASLA, Principal and Co -Owner, Tributary Land Design +
Build
Part II - Accessibility Ramps- How to Help Expedite Your Certificate of Occupancy, Jeff Lecky,
PE, City of Durham, Department of Public Works, Engineering Inspections
June 24, 2021
• Wetland Spotlight, Ian Peterson, PE, City of Durham, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater Development Review
• Public Works Engineering As -Built Submittal Requirements, Reggie Parks, PE, City of
Durham, Department of Public Works, Engineering Development Review
• Durham County Engineering Sewer Permitting, Robert Joyner, PE, City of Durham,
Department of Public Works, Engineering Development Review
• Reference Guide for Development Section 8.2.2 SCM Permitting Process, Jennifer Buzun,
PE, City of Durham, Department of Public Works, Stormwater Development Review
7.5.2 Electronic Mail Communication
Stormwater & GIS Services also communicates with developers using a Development Community
email list. The following emails were sent during the reporting period:
■ 12/8/20 - Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 12/17/20)
■ 12/15/20 - Reminder of Public Works Seminar (to be held on 12/17/20)
■ 12/16/20 - 2020 Holiday Letter - SCM Annual Maintenance Certification Program Edition
■ 12/21/20 - Presentation from 12/17/20 Public Works Seminarl/8/21- New Bid Posting
(City of Durham) - RFQ FOR CATCH BASIN INSERT PILOT STUDY (sent on behalf of the City of
Durham Watershed Planning Group)
■ 1/29/21- Notice of Herbicide Use Policy Revision
■ 2/23/21- Save the Date for Public Works Seminar (to be held on 3/18/21)
■ 3/11/21- Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 3/18/21)
■ 3/22/21- Draft for Public Comment - Addition of Section 8.2.2 to the City of Durham's
Reference Guide for Development
■ 3/22/21 - Presentation from 3/18/21 Public Works Seminar
■ 5/20/21 - Save the Data for Public Works Seminar (to be held on 6/24/21)
■ 6/10/21- Proposed Reference Guide for Development Updates (sent on behalf of the City of
Durham Department of Water Management)
■ 6/14/21 - Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 6/24/21)
■ 6/17/21- Letter to Industry - Capital facility fees to be collected prior to issuance of the
building permit (sent on behalf of the City of Durham Engineering Development Review
Group)
M

The voluntary SCM handoff meeting program begun in 2013 was continued during the reporting
year. These meetings are facilitated by City staff in coordination with the project developer and
HOA, when requested or as deemed necessary. The following SCM handoff meetings were
facilitated within the reporting period:
• September 2, 2020 - Richmond Park Subdivision (virtual)
• October 19, 2020 - Courtyards at Andrews Chapel (virtual) February 25, 2021 - Courtyards at
Andrews Chapel (virtual)
7.6 Other items of interest
Jordan Lake has a TMDL for chlorophyll a. The TMDL is expressed as nitrogen and phosphorus
loading. For all City of Durham new development projects triggering the Jordan Lake applicability
thresholds and submitted prior to the 5/20/2019 revision to the City Code, nitrogen and phosphorus
reductions were required per the Jordan Lake rules. If development projects submitted prior to City
Code revisions were not approved, applicants could use permit of choice in accordance with Session
Law 2015-246. Such projects could be evaluated under the current ordinance which no longer
requires nutrient reduction in the Jordan Lake watershed. The Jordan Lake nutrient requirements
were removed from the City Code on 5/20/2019 per State law as well as the City's MS4 permit,
reissued in October 2018. NPDES Phase II requirements replaced the void left by the abolishment of
the Jordan Lake Stormwater Management for New Development regulations.
7.6.1 Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW) Protections
The City is required to establish nutrient sensitive waters (NSW) protection measures for programs
with development or redevelopment draining to NSW waters: Neuse, Falls Lake, and Jordan Lake.
The city is also required to maintain and implement an ordinance approved by the NC Environmental
Management Commission which implements NSW protection measures. The following protection
measures have been established:
■ 2001 - Neuse NSW program established.
■ 2010 - N & P loading limits for Falls Lake and Jordan Lake adopted.
■ 2012 - Full Jordan and Falls NSW programs adopted.
Implementation was ongoing during the reporting period. Note that the Jordan Lake Stormwater
Management for New Development regulations were removed and replaced with NPDES Phase II
regulations on 5/20/2019.
The City continues to submit to NCDEQ annual reports for the Neuse, Jordan, and Falls NSW
strategies. The most recent were submitted as described below:
■ The Falls Lake New Development Annual Report was submitted on 9/25/2020 and covered
the reporting period July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020.
■ Neuse Annual Report, including New Development section was submitted 10/28/2020.
■ Jordan Lake Stage One Existing Development Annual Report for 2019-2020 was submitted
10/23/2020.
7.7 Highlights for the coming year
The following minor changes are proposed to improve the functionality of the SCM Tool database:
■ Creation of new forms, tables, and map layer to support the reporting and tracking of
herbicide use within SCMs.
47

■ Creation of new forms, tables, and map layer to support the reporting and tracking of onsite
stream determinations.
The following changes are proposed for the Reference Guide for development:
■ Addition of Section 8.2.2, SCM Permitting Process.
■ Revision of Section 8.1(Stormwater Impact Analysis) to incorporate changes due to the use
of the new SNAP Tool and to clarify peak runoff control requirements.
■ Continue progressing with proposed revisions to the Performance Standards for
Development in the City Code in order to comply with 15 NCAC 02B .0711 and other recently
adopted administrative codes.
M

8. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
Table 8.1: BMP Summary Table for Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible Position
Maintain an inventory of municipal facilities
and operations owned and operated by the
Water Quality Analyst
8.Inventory of municipal
permittee that have been determined by the
(inspection, enforcement
facilities and operations
permittee to have significant potential for
Ongoing
Stormwater Development
generating polluted stormwater runoff. Also,
Review Staff
maintain an inventory of municipally -owned
structural SCMs.
Implement an inspection and operations
program owned and operated by the permittee
for potential sources of polluted runoff,
including stormwater controls and conveyance
Inventory and inspection
8.2 Inspection and
systems. The inspection program shall evaluate
records maintained in the
Facility Pollution Prevention
maintenance program for
pollutant sources, document deficiencies, plan
Stormwater Inspections
Teams & Water Quality
municipal facilities and
corrective actions, implement appropriate
Database are reviewed
Analyst (inspection,
operations
controls, and document the accomplishment of
annually to produce Table
enforcement)
corrective actions. The maintenance program
8.2 and Table 8.3
shall include maintenance activities and
procedures aimed at preventing or reducing
pollutants generated from municipal facilities
and operations.
Maintain and implement Site Pollution
8.3 Site Pollution
Prevention Plans for municipal facilities owned
100% of NPDES-permitted
Facility Pollution Prevention
Prevention Plans for
and operated by the permittee that have been
have SPPPs.
Teams & Water Quality
municipal facilities
determined by the permittee to have significant
23 of 30 non-NPDES have
Analyst (inspection,
potential for generating polluted stormwater
SPPPs.
enforcement)
runoff.
Maintain spill response procedures for
8.4 Spill Response
municipal facilities and operations owned and
Facility Pollution Prevention
Procedures for municipal
operated by the permittee that have been
SPPPs reviewed during
Teams & Water Quality
facilities and operations
determined by the permittee to have significant
site inspections
Analyst (inspection,
potential for generating polluted stormwater
enforcement)
runoff.
Describe measures that prevent or minimize
contamination of the stormwater runoff from all
areas used for vehicle and equipment cleaning,
including fire stations that serve more than
three fire trucks and ambulances. Perform all
cleaning operations indoors, cover the cleaning
operations, ensure wash water drains to the
sanitary sewer system, collect stormwater
runoff from the cleaning area, and provide
treatment or recycling, or other equivalent
measures. If sanitary sewer is not available to
the facility and cleaning operations take place
outdoors, the cleaning operations shall take
8.5 Prevent or minimize
place on grassed or graveled areas to prevent
Facility Pollution Prevention
contamination of
point source discharges of the wash water into
Teams & Water Quality
stormwater runoff from all
the storm drains or surface waters.
Ongoing
Analyst (inspection,
areas used for vehicle and
Where cleaning operations cannot be
enforcement)
equipment cleaning
performed as described above and when
operations are performed in the vicinity of a
storm drainage collection system, the drain is
to be covered with a portable drain cover
during cleaning activities. Any excess standing
water shall be removed and properly handled
before removing the drain cover.
Facilities that have three or fewer fire trucks
and ambulances should attempt to comply with
the above requirements; however, those that
cannot comply with these requirements due to
existing limitations shall incorporate structural
measures during facility renovation to the
extent practicable.
w•

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible Position
The permittee shall implement BMPs to reduce
Assistant Public Works
8.6 Streets, roads, and
polluted stormwater runoff from municipally-
Director for Operations,
public parking lots
owned streets, roads, and public parking lots
Ongoing
Street Cleaning Supervisor,
maintenance
within the corporate limits.
Water Quality Analyst
(inspection, enforcement)
The permittee shall maintain and implement an
Facility Pollution Prevention
8.7 Inspection and
inspection and maintenance program for
Teams, Public Works
Stormwater Infrastructure,
Maintenance (I&M) for
stormwater control measures (SCMs) owned
Public Works Stormwater
municipally -owned or
and operated by the municipality and the
Ongoing
Maintenance Supervisor
maintained SCMs and the
municipal stormwater sewer system (including
(See Section 7-2(e2);
storm sewer system
catch basins, the conveyance system, and
Stormwater Development
SCMs).
Review
Pollution Prevention
Maintain and implement a training plan that
Designated workgroups
Coordinator, Water Quality
8.8 Staff training
indicates when, how often, who is required to
are trained according to a
Analyst (inspection,
be trained and what they are to be trained on.
priority schedule
enforcement), Site Pollution
Prevention Teams
8.1 Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.2 Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.3 Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.3.1 Municipal Inspection Priority System
Municipal facilities are inspected according to the following priority order (listed highest to lowest):
1. Facilities requiring follow-up inspection to document completion of corrective actions
2. Special Action Plan facilities
3. High priority
4. Medium priority
5. Low priority
6. Lowest priority
An explanation of facility category assignment and occasional reassignment may be found in the
City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document,
available upon request.
Table 8.2: Summary of municipal facility priority categories, associated risk of stormwater pollution, and
inspection frequency. (Data as of 2-Sept-2021)
Special
Category 4
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Lowest Priority
Action
Risk of Stormwater
Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Pollution
Inspection Frequency
Quarterly
3x per year
2x per year
1x per year
1x every 3 years
Number of facilities
1
0
13
1
20
50

Table 8.3: City "hot spot" facilities with their corresponding priority levels. The facilities in bold type are NPDES
General Stormwater permittees.
Facility
Special
Action
Plan
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Public Works Operations Center
X
Fleet Maintenance
X
Go Durham Transit Facility*
X
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
X
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center*
X
General Services
X
Brown Water Treatment Plant
X
Williams Water Treatment Plant
X
Water Management Administration
X
Hillandale Golf Courset
X
Fire Dept. Maintenance Garage
X
Transportation Sign and Signal Shop
X
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
X
Fire Dept. Training Academy
X
Fire Stations 1 - 19
X
* Facility is at least partially contract -operated by a third party.
t Property is owned by the City, but business is operated by a third party.
As seen in Table 8.3, the majority of (non -Fire Dept.) operations are assigned to the "Medium"
category. The priority system allows enough flexibility to accommodate fluctuations in risk and the
need for increased or decreased inspection frequency, as well as appropriate categories for new
operations.
8.3.2 Review of Municipality Owned or Operated Industrial Activities
City Water Quality IDDE staff members conducted inspections of the municipal activities recognized
in
51

Table 8.4 (non -permitted activities) and Table 8.5 (NPDES-permitted activities). Additional targeted
field operations are identified in Table 8.6.
Facilities reported as non -compliant with stormwater rules or having a foreseeable risk of stormwater
pollution that cannot be fully resolved during an inspection are all given a follow-up inspection to
ensure corrective or preventative actions are taken.
Inspections are conducted according to the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program
Standard Operating Procedures (document available upon request). IDDE inspectors are escorted by
one or more members of the facility's stormwater pollution prevention team. Inspections focus on
identification of stormwater pollution issues and development of strategies for preventing or
addressing compliance issues.
Where instances of non-compliance or other foreseeable stormwater issues were observed, facility
pollution prevention teams were responsive in evaluating, improving, or implementing best
management practices.
For municipal industrial activities, inspections routinely include:
■ Inspection of:
o Areas of industrial activity (including material handling, storage, and loading/unloading areas)
o Stormwater discharge outfalls
o Spill response and cleanup supplies
■ Document review:
o Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
o Annual updates, changes, and amendments
o Qualitative and Quantitative Runoff Monitoring Data (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Annual employee training records (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Semi-annual self -inspection records (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Non-stormwater discharge and spill incident history (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Annual self -review of program effectiveness (for NPDES permitted activities)
■ Discussing BMPs for prospective operations and facility changes
Inspection reports, automatically generated by the Industrial Inspections MS Access Database, are
routinely provided to facility personnel upon completion of inspections, along with site photographs
and compliance assistance. Copies of inspection reports are available upon request.
In addition to site inspection results, the IDDE inspectors routinely send e-mail or inter -office
correspondence to remind facility pollution prevention team leaders of monitoring schedules,
deadlines, reissued General permits, etc.
52

Table 8.4 below contains a summary of runoff monitoring completion for the six NPDES-Permitted
facilities.
8.4 Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations
Each City of Durham municipal operation that has developed a SPPP has established site -specific
BMPs to address spill prevention, spill response, and spill kits. At a minimum, all spill kits contain
granular absorbent (or oil -absorbent pads) and absorbent spill control booms. In addition to facility
general use kits, granular absorbents are located at the City's two vehicle fueling islands.
For mobile operations, the City's HazMat trucks and fire trucks carry spill cleanup kits. Also, the City's
stormwater ordinance requires private wrecker trucks to carry spill cleanup kits. City garbage
collection trucks, Fleet Maintenance mobile service, and certain Transportation (Sign & Signal Shop)
crew vehicles are outfitted with spill cleanup kits. All spills that occur during City operations are
reported to Stormwater & GIS Services as part of the standardized City of Durham Spill Prevention
and Response Guidelines.
Stormwater Quality works closely with Solid Waste Management, Public Works Street Maintenance,
County Emergency Management, and the City Fire Department to coordinate the response to spills
that occur in the City or County right-of-way. First responders collect responsible party information to
pass on to the Stormwater Quality group where incidents impact surface waters or the storm
drainage system.
Stormwater Quality remains involved with the Local Emergency Planning Committee and periodically
attends meetings to give reports on incident response and further improve inter -agency coordination.
Stormwater Quality continues to assist Water Management on sanitary sewer overflows from the
municipal collection system. Pumps are installed downstream of the spill to collect contaminated
water and return it to the collection system when feasible.
8.5 Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas used
for vehicle and equipment cleaning
The City of Durham does not allow the washing of municipal or employee vehicles or equipment on
City grounds unless conducted at an approved wash facility. All approved municipal wash pits drain
to the sanitary sewer system via an approved pre-treatment device. City wash areas are listed in
53

Table 8.4 and Table 8.5.
The City of Durham contracts with a third party commercial car wash facility (Durham Ritz) for the
cleaning of fleet vehicles such as those used by the Police, Public Works, General Services, etc. This
car wash facility is routinely inspected and is presently approved for City use.
The City Fire Department continues to comply with the City's MS4 NPDES permit rule governing the
washing of emergency vehicles. Stormwater & GIS Services and the Fire Department continue to
investigate a renovation plan to allow vehicle washing at all Fire Stations. Until all stations have been
retrofitted (if possible), emergency vehicles may be brought to Stations 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, or 17
for washing. Wastewater from vehicle washing at those stations is directed into engineered retention
areas, grassed areas, or loosely graveled areas.
8.6 Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance
The City continues to implement BMPs addressing these surfaces. These BMPs include street
sweeping; removal of dead animals from streets, roads, and highways; litter pick up at key road
intersections; bus stop cleaning; and litter cleanup in the downtown area through City funding to
Downtown Durham, Inc.'s Durham Ambassadors Program. It also includes efforts to address
petroleum spills by ensuring City vehicles have cleanup kits readily available.
The City continues to conduct routine street sweeping using regenerative air sweepers. Table 8.9
summarizes results for street cleaning, litter pick up by city crews, and dead animal pick up during
the reporting period.
The City operates yard waste collection as a fee -for -service program that provides large roll -out carts
to collect leaf litter and other yard wastes, which are taken to the City's permitted compost facility.
ParkDurham, in the city Transportation Department, is the owner/manager of public parking lots and
garages. There was no sweeping conducted in lots or garages between July 2020 and June 2021.
8.7 Operation and Maintenance (0&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned storm
sewer system (including catch basins, the conveyance system, and structural
stormwater controls)
Operation and maintenance of structural SCMs owned by the City are addressed in Section 7(e).
During street sweeping, as reported above, catch basin grates are cleaned.
The City continues to operate two crews for video inspection and cleaning of inlets and connected
pipes. One crew is dedicated to maintenance while the other addresses complaints. Table 8.10
below provides a summary of system video inspection by municipal crews, together with some
common operation and maintenance activities. Inspection of the storm drainage system is also
accomplished using a dedicated contract to video inspect the storm drainage system and through
required video inspections of storm drainage systems of new developments before the City takes
ownership. Inspection of major outfalls is addressed as part of illicit discharge detection and
elimination, which is covered in Section 5 of this report.
Additional inspection, repair, and maintenance work took place under ten contracts administered by
Public Works Stormwater & GIS Services Division. A list of these contracts is regularly updated on the
City's website at http://durhamnc.gov/594/Stormwater-Construction-Repairs.
8.8 Staff training
Facility pollution prevention teams have been trained by IDDE inspectors in NPDES stormwater
permit compliance requirements. These include methods of collecting qualitative and quantitative
stormwater runoff samples to meet permit conditions and good practices in conducting thorough
54

self -inspections. The Pollution Prevention Coordinator conducts annual stormwater pollution
prevention training for all employees in multiple departments. Due to social distancing requirements
throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, training was provided to only the high -priority facilities. These
trainings were conducted virtually.
Virtual training sessions consist of a Google Slides, IDDE videos, and a final Google Forms quiz.
Training content focuses on IDDE and five aspects of facility stormwater pollution prevention: Good
Housekeeping, Spill Prevention, Exposure Minimization, Maintenance, and Spill Cleanup.
Dates of each operation's employee stormwater training are listed in Table 8.4 and Table 8.5.
55

Table 8A Status summary of non-NPDES, "priority" municipal facilities and operations (7/1/2020 -
6/30/2021).
Stormwater
SPPP
Inspections By
Vehicle/Equipment
Employee
Pollution
Facility
Stormwater &
Status
washing area?
Training Date
Prevention Team
GIS Svcs
Leader
Solid Waste
11/18-20/2020,
Carlos Lyons, Solid
Disposal and
Completed
2/09/2021
No
11/24-27/2020
Waste Operations
Recycling Center
Manager
General Services
Yes, in grassed area for
Alex Johnson, Operations
Maintenance Facility
Completed
01/26/2021
rinsing landscaping
03/26/2021
Manager Dept. of
equipment
General Services
Williams Water
Daryll Kennedy,
Treatment Plant
Completed
01/26/2021
No
11/01/2020
Dept. of Water
Management
Brown Water
Brian Thompson,
Treatment Plant
Completed
02/23/2021
No
11/01/2020
Dept. of Water
Management
Water Management
Not inspectedduring permit year
Steve Stewart,
Administration
Completed
due to
No
11/01/2020
Superintendent, Dept. of
Facility
construction.
Water Management
Fire Vehicle
(Part of Fleet
Billy Painter, Fire
Maintenance Garage
Completed
10/06/2020
No
Maintenance
Maintenance Supervisor,
Training)
Fleet Maintenance
Incorporated into
Inspected with Fire
Fire Training
Fire Vehicle
Vehicle
No
Delay ed*
Chris lannuzzi, Deputy
Academy
Maintenance
Maintenance
Fire Chief
Garage SPPP
Garage
Fire Stations
SPPPs completed
for 15 of 19
Not due for
See Section (e) for details
Chris lannuzzi, Deputy
stations
inspection.
Delayed
Fire Chief
Stormwater
captured by
Phillip Powell, Asst.
Camden Avenue Salt
constructed
Inspected with
NO
(Part of PWOC
Director (Operations
Dome
wetland that
Fleet Maintenance
training)
Dept. of Public Works
discharges to a
forested area
Hilland Public
Yes, cart rinse water is
Barry Tucker, Golf
Goliff Course
Completed
12/09/2020
filtered and released to
Delayed*
Course Superintendent
SCM
12/03/2020,
Danny Cochran & Chris
Sign & Signal Shop
Completed
01/12/2021
No
Delayed*
Beasley, Transportation
Dept. Supervisors
Parks and
Yes, has an indoor wash
Recreation
Not developed
03/09/2021
area draining to sanitary
Delayed*
Robert Jennings, Park
Operations and
sewer system
Superintendent, DPR.
Maintenance
*Facility training delayed due to March 2020 cyberattack, social distancing requirements enacted
due to COVID-19 pandemic, and the Pollution Prevention Coordinator position vacancy in Spring of
2021.
56

Table 8.5: Status summary of NPDES-permitted municipal facilities and operations (7/1/2019 - 6/30/2020).
Permit
Inspections By
Number or
Vehicle/Equipment
Employee
Facility
Stormwater &
Facility Contact
Certificate of
washing area?
Training Date
GIS Svcs
Coverage
O8/03/2020,
Charlie Cocker,
South Durham Water
NCG110082
05/11/2021,
No
Superintendent,
Reclamation Facility
05/28/2021,
11/01/2020
Department of Water
Management
Not inspected
John Dodson,
North Durham Water
NCG110092
during permit
No
11/01/2020
Superintendent,
Reclamation Facility
year.**
Department of Water
Management
Joe Clark, Director,
Fleet Maintenance
NCG080771
06/01/2021
No
Delayed*
Department of Fleet
Maintenance
Solid Waste Vehicle
NCG080773
02092021
//
Yes, wash bay drains to
01/2021
/14
Carlos Lyons, Solid Waste
Wash Facility
sanitary sewer system
Operations Manager
Public Works
Yes, wash pit drains to
Phillip Powell, Asst.
Operations Center
NCG080776
05/13/2021
sanitary sewer system
Delayed*
Director (Operations),
(PWOC)
Dept. of Public Works
Go Durham Bus
NCG080788
Yes, wash bay drains to
Bob Losinieki,
Maintenance Facility
issued to contract
12/08/2020
sanitary sewer system
Delayed*
Maintenance Manager,
operator DCTC
DCTC
*Facility training delayed due to March 2020 cyberattack, social distancing requirements enacted due to April 2020 COVID-19 pandemic,
and the vacancy of the Pollution Prevention Coordinator in the Spring of 2021. Distance -learning is in development and facilities have
been prioritized.
** Inspection delayed due to insufficient staff availability.
57

Table 8.6: A summary of additional field operations conducted by multiple City departments where stormwater
pollution prevention guidance and/or training has been furnished or is in development.
Training or Guidance
Activity
Targeted Department/Facility
Provided?
Building repair
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Building maintenance
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Parking lot maintenance
Lanier Parking Solutions (contract operator)
Guidance, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
General Services
Turf management
Water Management
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Hillandale Golf Course
Swimming pool discharges
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
General Services
Grading, land development, and constructior
Public Works
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Water Management
09

Table 8.7. Analytical and qualitative stormwater runoff monitoring compliance at NPDES-permitted municipal
facilities.
Stormwater Runoff Monitoring Compliance
Facility
7/1/2020 - 6/30/2021
City Owned
City Operated
Fleet Maintenance
*
7/8/2021
Yes
Yes
2/9/2021
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
3/31/2021
Yes
Yes
7/23/2021
Public Works Operation Center
2/11/2021
5/3/2021
Yes
Yes
North Durham Water
9/28/2020
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility **
5/26/2021
South Durham Water
12/14/2020
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility **
5/7/2021
Go Durham Facility
12/7/2020
Yes
No
2/18/2021
* Data unavailable
**Qualitative monitoring only. Facility is not required to perform analytical monitoring because vehicle maintenance activities are not
conducted onsite.
59

Table 8.8: Quarterly schedule of municipal facility operations. This schedule accounts for differing inspection
frequency according to priority level.
Facility Name
Jul -Sep
Oct -Dec
Jan -Mar
Apr -Jun
Priority Level
Inspection Frequency
City of Durham Public Works Operations Center
X
X
X
X
Special Action Plan
Quarterly
Brown Water Treatment Plant
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Fire Maintenance Garage
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Fleet Maintenance
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham General Services
IX
X
IMunicipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Sign and Signal Shop
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Water Management Administration
Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Williams Water Treatment Plant
X
X
Municipal - Medium
12x per year
Go Durham Maintenance Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Hillandale Golf Course
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
X
Municipal - Low
1x per year
City of Durham Fire Department Training Academy
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #1
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #2
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #3
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #4
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #5
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #6
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #7
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #8
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #9
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #10
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #11
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #12
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #13
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #14
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #15
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #16
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #17
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #18
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #19
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
•N

Table 8.9. Summary of street and bus stop cleaning activities.
Month
Curb/Paved Miles
Swept
Sweeping
Material
Collected,
cubic yards
Sweeping
Material
Disposed,
tons
Number of
Litter Routes
Completed
Hand Litter
Collected,
tons
Bus Stop
Cleanings
Bus Stop
Material
Disposed,
tons
Dead
Animal
Pick -Up
from
Streets
July 2020
2,650
280
95.58
126
19.93
1,360
16.97
181
August
2,853
300
157.32
116
22
1,325
18.16
161
September
2,104
280
159.83
142
21.49
1,670
15.53
150
October
2,273
540
269.99
129
24.33
1,773
16.79
168
November
940
840
211.81
109
19.14
1,531
11.91
120
December
1,247
1,475
456.06
100
24.77
1,573
12.56
140
January 2021
1,567
1,000
316.07
99
24.15
1,797
13.42
120
February
1,587
510
275.82
130
29.18
1,917
11.81
150
March
2,151
370
227.7
146
36.26
2,380
11.10
179
April
2,307
470
211.52
136
18.41
1,946
10.16
145
May
1,835
375
158.82
150
21.45
1,912
11.01
172
June
3,197
375
150.07
145
20.32
2,208
14.21
159
2020-21 Total
24,711
6,815
2,691
1,528
281.43
21,392
163.63
1,845
2019-20 Total
25,413
5,593
2,459
1,627
255.49
16,703
178
1,794
2017-18 Total
20,530
6,650
2,722.82
1,548
242.88
21,549
190.6
1,572
2016-17 Total
21,117
6,400
2,855.81
1,684
275.84
18,270
126.48
1,663
2015-16 Total
31,660
6,350
3,350
1,520
212
24,294
97.51
1,614
61

Table 8.10. Summary of Public Works drainage system maintenance activities.
Pipe Inspection & Cleaning
Street Ditching
Catch Basin Repairs
Month
Total Pipe Feet Videoed
Total Feet of Pipe Vactor-ed
Total Linear Feet
Number of Catch Basins
July 2020
5,422
1,933
1,872
12
August
4,644
3,240
1,940
9
September
7,902
1,928
1,894
6
October
5,992
1,771
2,090
1
November
3,320
2,070
1,758
6
December
3,734
1,315
2,006
8
January 2021
5,096
2,541
1,107
7
February
4,803
1,609
2,467
3
March
3,694
3,199
2,037
1
April
1,547
1,192
2,191
0
*May
2,894
**420
809
8
June
2,008
1,582
3,568
6
Total
51,056
22,800
23,739
67
Estimated Costs
$66,466
$162,399
$276.575
$23,241
Table does not include video inspection, street ditching, and other work performed by contractors. See text for discussion.
* Operations were impacted in May 2021 due to the critical gas shortage
M

9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to
Municipal Systems
Table 9.1: BMP summary table for monitoring and control of pollutants discharged to the MS4
Responsible
BMP Description
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
Inventory database
Water Quality Analyst,
The City maintains an inventory of industrial facilities.
maintained and improved.
Stormwater
(a)
See section (a) for details.
Inspectors
Maintain an Inventory
of Industrial Facilities
Sources were reviewed
The City reviews multiple data sources to identify
and 5 new facilities were
Water Quality Analyst,
additional facilities that may need to be included as
added to the database.
Stormwater
industrial sites.
See section (b) for details.
Inspectors
Successfully continued to
(b)
Identify priorities and inspection procedures. The City
conduct inspections
Water Quality Analyst,
Inspection Program
has a well -developed inspection program for evaluating
according to priority
Stormwater
industrial facilities identified above.
system. See Table 9.3 for
Inspectors
quantified details.
The City evaluates control measures implemented at
Ongoing program. See
Water Quality Analyst,
industrial facilities according to the procedures and
Section 1.3 for quantified
Stormwater
priorities outlined above.
details.
Inspectors
(c)
For facilities permitted by state or federal authorities,
Evaluate Industrial
the City has established procedures for reporting
Ongoing program. See
Facilities discharging
deficiencies and non-compliance to the permitting
Section 1.3 for quantified
Water Quality Analyst,
stormwater to the
agency. Where compliance with an existing federal or
details.
Stormwater
City's MS4
state industrial stormwater permit does not result in
Inspectors
adequate control of pollutants to the MS4, the City will
Additional details
recommend and document the need for revised permit
described in Section (c).
conditions to the permit issuing authority.
9.1 Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities
The Inspections Program maintains a custom Microsoft Access database to store general
information, inspection results, compliance status, and ordinance enforcement details for each
private and municipal industrial facility within the City limits.
The City's inventory of industrial sites is updated using:
■ semi-annual queries of EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (July and October, corresponding with the EPA's
update schedule) to identify facilities subject to Section 313 of SARA Title III;
■ quarterly lists of all NPDES permitted facilities in Durham County obtained from Bethany Georgoulias
of the Stormwater Permitting Unit of the NC Division of Energy, Minerals, and Land Resources;
■ quarterly queries of EPA's RCRAInfo search tool to identify permitted hazardous waste treatment,
disposal, storage, and recovery facilities;
■ staff field observations of new and un-inventoried facilities; and
■ routine queries of the City of Durham Stormwater Services Water Quality Investigation database (IDDE
program records) to identify facilities associated with illicit discharges.
As of the end of the reporting period, the Industrial Inspections database contained records for 464
private industrial operations operating within the City limits. See Figure 9.1 for a breakdown of this
inventory according to regulatory status. As illustrated in the diagram, multiple facilities are
simultaneously subject to SARA Title III and State Stormwater Permit requirements.
63

NPDES
Stormwater
Permitted
30
1
SARA Title III
4 1
No Permit No Exposure
Required
401 27
Figure 9.1. Population of industrial facility inventory according to regulatory status.
Five newly identified operations were added to the database during the reporting period. Five
facilities were found to have closed for business, resulting in no net change in our facility inventory
since last year. One facility which ceased operations was Ready Mixed Concrete #14, which was
subject to a NCG140000 stormwater permit and Section 313 of SARA Title III.
Table 9.2. New facilities added to the database during the reporting period.
Facility Name
Type of Facility
NPDES Permit Type
Duke University Steam Plant East
Steam Heating Plant
No Permit Required
Auto Doc
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Annfer Used Tires (3119 N Roxboro St)
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Caliber Collision-S Alston Ave
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Dalila's Auto Sales
Automotive Sales
No Permit Required
Using coordinate data collected in the field with handheld GPS devices or determined using aerial
imagery and GIS, we have continued to maintain updated GIs mapping of the locations of currently
operating facilities in our industrial database. We currently have coordinate data for 100% of known
private facilities operating within the City. The facilities' locations can be symbolized using many
different attributes including NPDES permit type, industrial classification, and compliance status. The
industrial database is linked directly to the industrial GIs geodatabase, which allows for
instantaneous updating of facility map locations. Please refer to the maps provided with this report
(Figure 9.3 and Figure 9.4). Higher -resolution printouts or electronic versions are available upon
request.
9.2 Inspection Program
To make efficient use of City inspector time and effort, every facility is assigned and inspected
according to a priority level reflecting a combination of risk of stormwater pollution and history of
compliance with stormwater regulations. This model allows us to focus on those facilities most in
need of oversight, corrective action, or both.
Ell

An in-depth discussion of our prioritization system may be found in the City's Industrial Stormwater
Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures, available by request.
Facilities found during inspection to have one or more first-time violations of City Code or issues that
require the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) are issued a Notice of
Requirement (NOR). The NOR identifies the site conditions that may result in an illicit discharge and
sets requirements, with deadlines, for the development and implementation of BMPs. If the facility
complies with the requirements of a NOR (verified by a follow-up inspection), the City does not
proceed with further enforcement.
If a facility does not comply with the requirements of a NOR or when repeat or more serious
violations are observed, the City issues a Notice of Violation (NOV). Stormwater NOVs all include the
same common elements: (1) identification of the violations observed; (2) corrective action required
for each violation; (3) deadlines for implementing or completing each corrective action; and (4) the
dollar amount of civil penalties proposed for each violation. Compliance with required corrective
actions is verified during a follow-up site visit. The facility's compliance or noncompliance with
respect to the corrective actions requirements is taken into consideration when the City issues a civil
penalty.
Where facility inspections reveal potential deficiencies in NPDES stormwater permit compliance, the
City takes the initiative to work with the responsible party to correct those deficiencies. In cases
where repeat issues or serious permit compliance deficiencies are observed, the City contacts the
DEQ Raleigh Regional Office with reports of the non -compliant facilities.
Our Microsoft Access Inspections Database tracks a facility's priority rank and automatically assigns
the proper inspection frequency. The Database can generate an up -to -the -moment report of facilities
due for inspection based on priority, inspection frequency, and time since most recent inspection.
Separate reports may be generated for private facilities and municipal facilities.
The table below describes additional criteria for assigning facilities currently operating within the city
limits to these groups. Facilities are occasionally elevated or demoted in priority according to
additional characteristics and observations made by the Water Quality Analyst or Water Quality
Manager.
Table 9.3: Description of facility inspection priority levels, with category totals (as of August 2021).
No
Special
High
Medium
Low
No
Category
Inspection
Total
Action
Priority
Priority
Priority
Exposure
Needed
Risk of
Stormwater
Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
None
Pollution
Inspection
Frequency
Quarterly
1x per year
1x per 2 years
1x per 3 years
1x per 5 years
None
Number of
facilities
0
77
170
100
22
95
464
9.3 Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4
During the reporting period, 102 inspections were conducted at 46 privately -owned facilities.
Of the total inspections conducted, 8 inspections were at 7 facilities subject to NPDES stormwater
permit requirements. Four inspections were conducted at four No Exposure certified facilities. Two
facilities reporting TRI releases were inspected (one of these is NPDES-permitted and the other is No
65

Exposure). Ninety inspections were conducted at 64 non-NPDES industrial and light industrial
facilities.
At the time of this writing, 95% of all inventoried facilities were in compliance as of their most recent
inspection. Inspectors issued 11 Notices of Requirement (for first-time violations or minor
compliance issues) and 4 Notices of Violation (for repeat violations or serious compliance issues)
during this year. A total of 11 facilities receiving a Notice were brought into compliance during the
permit year (this includes those facilities receiving a Notice during the previous year, but brought into
compliance during this year).
Inspections Conducted by Facility Type (7/1/20-6/30/21)
80 73
70
60
50
40
30 -
20 12
10 ' 3 3 2 2 -
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 M MM =
°a G `�a\5 a`°� °`a� G���° 5 tppai \a°� ata °�5
a�a� �° a�e' ° P a1� `°o�
a�a °a\�°>a aka
`KN
Q P
Figure 9.2. Inspections conducted during reporting period, sorted by facility type.
During the reporting period, as illustrated in Figure 9.2, most of the inspectors' efforts were focused
on automotive service facilities, as the High and Medium Priority groups are mostly composed of
these types of activities. Two-thirds of our facility inventory is composed of automotive service -
related facilities. Accordingly, 73 of the 102 (— 72%) inspections conducted were at automotive
service facilities. Across all inspections, 43 resulted in observation of varying degrees of non-
compliance with City code, 35 of which were at auto service -related facilities. Auto service -related
facilities accounted for 73% of enforcement actions (3 NOVs and 8 NORs).
Where compliance issues were observed at automotive facilities, the most common were:
■ Failure to provide secondary containment and cover for automotive fluids, automotive parts, or both
outside exposed to stormwater.
■ Failure to have a spill cleanup kit of a size and type required by City guidelines.
■ Failure to conduct automotive service inside enclosed shop bays.
■ Failure to take timely and appropriate action in cleaning up spills and leaks of automotive fluids.

9.3.1 Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
Additional details and this year's results are available in Section 5(f) of this Annual Report.
9.3.2 New Permit Applications
No facilities were found to be operating without NPDES stormwater permit coverage. No
modifications in contact or location information were required.
67

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10.5.1 using data linked from the City of Durham Stormwater Inspections Database on 1 September 2021. A
higher -resolution version is available upon request.

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Figure 9A Map of all currently operating NPDES-Permitted facilities in the City of Durham. Map created with
ArcMap 10.5.1 using data linked from the City of Durham Stormwater Inspections Database on 1 September A
higher -resolution version is available upon request.
.•

10. Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
The City is required to implement certain BMPs (Table 10.1) to evaluate impacts on water quality.
Table 10.1 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring BMPs
Responsible
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
(a) Water Quality
Maintain a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Plan. The
Completed, reviewed
Assistant Water
Assessment and
Plan shall include a schedule for implementing the proposed
annual) Y
Quality Manager
Monitoring Plan
assessment and monitoring activities.
(b) Water Quality
Maintain and implement the Water Quality Assessment and
Ongoing
Assistant Water
Monitoring
Monitoring Plan submitted to DEMLR
Quality Manager
The City has a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Plan that is intended to evaluate impacts of
non -point sources on water quality, which is reviewed annually and updated as needed to address
emerging issues, gather additional data to inform the design or efficacy of other stormwater
programs, and determine compliance with TMDLs or other pollutant reduction requirements. The
current Plan is included in each update to the City's Stormwater Management Plan.
The City's core monitoring effort is the Ambient Stream Monitoring program, which includes
chemical, hydrological, and biological water quality indicators. However, some of the monitoring
goals identified during regular monitoring program assessments are better addressed through more
targeted studies, which may include non-standard parameters or intensive monitoring. This multi -
tiered approach to water quality monitoring allows the City to have a program that is flexible and
adaptable to changing priorities, while still allowing for long-term assessment of water quality trends.
Status and highlights of Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring activities are provided below.
Ambient Stream Monitoring:
The Ambient Stream Monitoring program continues on a two-year, rotating cycle. A map of monitoring
locations for calendar years 2021 (Odd Year) and 2020 (Even Year) is provided in Figure 10.1. Sites
monitored during calendar year 2021 (Odd Year) are shown in Table 10.2. Ambient stream monitoring
efforts in 2020 were impacted in April, May and June by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ambient
Stream Monitoring was not conducted in April due to safety concerns. During May and June, limited
Ambient Stream Monitoring was conducted on a subset of locations that were collocated with USGS
gaging stations: EL1.9EC, EL7.1EC, EN8.9ER, LL3.4LLC, NH3.3SC, TFLOTC, TF3.4TC. In July 2020,
Ambient Stream Monitoring resumed and sampling was conducted as planned throughout the
remainder of 2020. Altered monitoring due to the pandemic is reflected in the "# of samples" column
in Table 10.3.
■ Benthic macroinvertebrate community assessments were performed by a state -certified contract
biologist, Eaton Scientific, LS. A new contract was secured in February 2021 for conducting benthic
macroinvertebrate monitoring.
■ A summary of water chemistry results for Calendar Year 2020 is provided in Table 10.3. A summary of
benthic macroinvertebrate community results for Calendar Year 2020 is provided in Table 10.4.
70

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71

Table 10.2 2021 Calendar Year Ambient Stream Monitoring (Odd Year)
Water Chemistry Monitoring
m
cc
.
�
Field
Microbiological/
Conventional
Stage or
Stream
Site Identifier
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Parameters
Fecal coliform
Pollutants
Metals
Benthos
Discharge
g
bacteria
Crooked Cr
CC2.5CC
Scott King Rd
35.8764
-78.9434
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
New Hope Cr
NHO.ONHC
Old Chapel Hill Rd
35.9431
-78.9756
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
m
New Hope Cr
NH3.ONHC
Erwin Rd
35.9796
-79.0016
✓
✓
✓
✓
a)
°'
m
Sandy Cr
NHI.OSC
Garrett Rd
35.9571
-78.9738
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
3
Sandy Cr Tributary A
NH1.7SCTA
Ivy Creek Blvd
35.9589
-78.9637
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
Sandy Cr
NH3.3SC
Cornwallis Rd
35.9834
-78.9570
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
U
—j
Sandy Cr Tributary D
NH4.4STDT
Academy Rd
35.9959
-78.9364
✓
✓
✓
✓
a)
cc-2
f6
Mud Cr
NH2.3MC
Pickett Rd
35.9749
-78.9845
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
o
Third Fork Cr
TFI.OTC
Woodcroft Rd
35.9224
-78.9525
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Third Fork Cr
TF3.4TC
MILK at PWOC
35.9512
-78.9271
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL1.9EC
Glenn Rd
36.0596
-78.8327
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL7.1EC
Acadia St
36.0199
-78.8952
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL9.9EC
Albany St
36.0235
-78.9284
✓
✓
✓
✓
c
N
Goose Cr
EL5.5GC
Camden Ave
36.0248
-78.8609
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
m
;;
Goose Cr
EL8.1GC
Holloway St
35.9942
-78.8842
✓
✓
✓
✓
2
cc�
S Ellerbe Cr
EL7.ISEC
Glendale Ave
36.0177
-78.8958
✓
✓
✓
✓
Y
S Ellerbe Cr
EL8.5SEC
Club Blvd
36.0169
-78.9148
✓
✓
✓
✓
N
_j
S Ellerbe Cr
EL8.6SECUT
Foster Stand Hunt St
36.0003
78.9012
✓
✓
✓
✓
�
m
Unnamed Tributary
z
ucc
Eno River
EN8.9ER
Roxboro Rd
36.0716
-78.9101
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little Lick Cr
LL3.4LLC
Mineral Springs Rd
35.9849
-78.8198
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Panther Creek
PN1.9PN
Cooksbury Road
36.0369
-78.8064
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
-
Stirrup Iron Cr
S11.6SIC
Chin Page Rd
35.8978
-78.8460
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ = Type of monitoring occurs at this location
• = Type of monitoring does not occur at this location
72

Table 10.3 Summary of compliance with water quality criteria for 2020 Ambient Stream Monitoring. Results of concern are in bold type.
WQI
Fecal Coliform
Dissolved Oxygen
5-day
Dissolved
Specific
(FC)
(DO)
BOD
Nutrients Metals
Turbidity
conductance
�,
t'°
o
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nn �\
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a� o a
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a
a
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no ^
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ru E
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Watershed Site
Identifier
w
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o
@
w E
O 7 J
bA
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UO
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Co "' y
h U
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H
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Q
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Q
Q
Q Z
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N
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A
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Sandy Creek
NH3.3SC
11
89
215
27%
0%
8.4
1.1
0.73
0.08
18%
0%
9
0%
247
Third Fork Creek
TFI.OTC
11
85
372
27%
1 0%
8.1
1.0
1.82
0.12
18%
0%
16
0%
248
N
t
Third Fork Creek
TF2.5TCTC
9
73
731
56%
0%
8.3
1.6
0.93
0.08
0%
11%
13
11%
289
81
Third Fork Creek
TF3.4TC
11
78
676
55%
9%
7.1
1.8
0.83
0.12
0%
0%
17
9%
315
d
cO
Third Fork Creek
TF4.4TC
9
79
437
33%
22%
7.3
1.0
0.73
0.09
11%
0%
14
0%
318
o
Third Fork Creek
TF5.4TC
9
83
298
44%
0%
8.6
1.0
0.88
0.17
11%
0%
15
11%
426
s
co
Rock Creek
TF5.1RC
9
73
795
78%
11%
7.2
2.4
0.88
0.23
0%
0%
38
22%
344
Rock Creek
TF6.5RCUT
9
55
689
56%
67%
4.2
10.8
3.46
0.49
11%
0%
12
0%
502
-o
0
Northeast Creek
NEO.ONE
9
72
397
44%
0%
7.3
1.0
0.65
0.11
67%
0%
111
89%
161
Northeast Creek
NE1.2NE
9
67
513
67%
22%
6.7
1.6
0.69
0.14
67%
0%
135
89%
162
North Prong
NE2.2NP
9
68
707
78%
0%
7.3
1.4
0.65
0.15
56%
0%
150
100%
148
Little River
LR9.6LR
9
80
579
44%
0%
9.8
1.6
0.68
0.10
11%
0%
35
22%
79
Eno River
EN4.9ER
9
78
770
56%
0%
9.0
1.6
0.61
0.07
11%
0%
39
33%
87
Eno River
EN8.9ER
11
82
454
45%
0%
9.4
1.4
0.92
0.06
9%
0%
22
27%
89
N
Eno River
EN13.3ER
9
85
453
44%
0%
9.3
1.8
0.57
0.07
0%
0%
25
11%
89
m
;
Warren Creek
EN10.3WC
9
83
836
56%
0%
8.3
1.7
0.73
0.08
22%
0%
14
0%
168
d
3
Ellerbe Creek
EL1.9EC
11
70
647
45%
0%
8.0
2.1
2.21
0.17
45%
0%
32
18%
317
s
Ellerbe Creek
EL7.1EC
11
79
575
45%
0%
8.4
1.8
0.72
0.11
45%
0%
21
9%
172
(40
Ellerbe Creek
EL8.6SECUT
9
70
1,616
78%
0%
8.3
1.5
1.79
0.10
56%
0%
7
0%
605
m
Little Lick Creek
LL3.4LLC
10
72
1,140
90%
0%
7.7
1.3
0.74
0.13
50%
0%
60
60%
155
u-
Little Lick Creek
LL4.6LLT2
9
70
1,788
100%
0%
8.3
1.3
1.29
0.14
33%
0%
93
67%
200
Lick Creek
LC1.1LC
9
75
678
78%
0%
8.6
1.2
0.65
0.13
44%
0%
67
44%
165
Rocky Branch
LC2.ORBC
8
87
358
50%
0%
7.8
1.7
0.59
0.06
13%
0%
19
0%
157
73

Table 10.4 Benthic Collections for 2020 (Spring and Summer)
N
o
Watershed
Site
Drainage
Area Ecore ion 1
g
Sampling
�,
o
:° E Mn
:° X
a
w X
c> x
N
m
Identifier
(sq. mi.)
method 2
= U)
9
CO
O F
m S
m
of
0
n
m
Third Fork
TFO.OTC
16.1
TB
Qua14
46
190
48
4
7.41
Poor
s
ci LL
o _j
Northeast
NEO.ONE
12.9
TB
Qua14
46
106
49
2
7.54
Poor
0
Little
LR9.6LR
78.2
CSB
Full Scale
89
283
84
28
4.96
Excellent
N
Eno
EN8.9ER
141.1
CSB
Full Scale
65
239
74
23
5.54
Good
J
EN4.9ER
149.3
CSB
Full Scale
76
273
80
30
5.13
Excellent
z
Little Lick
LL3.4LLC
6.0
TB
Qua14
51
112
31
2
6.98
Poor
Lick
LC1.1LC
10.8
TB
Qua14
42
156
47
9
5.80
Good -Fair
1 Level IV ecoregion, where TB = Triassic Basins; CSB = Carolina Slate Belt
2 Qua14 (small streams) monitored in spring. Full Scale (rivers) monitored in summer.
3 Equivalent to EPT taxa richness (EPT S)
4 Bioclassification calculated using Full Scale (Large Streams) or Qua14 (Small Streams) criteria
74

Continuing special studies and initiatives:
■ The City continued collecting water quality samples at two locations in Falls Lake to support
compliance with permit requirements for the NDWRF. This effort produced data on the condition of the
upper portion of the reservoir.
■ Beginning in 2021, the City collected samples at an additional location in Falls Lake to provide data
supporting the design of a potential nutrient removal facility. Data from this effort will help evaluate
the nutrient removal potential of the facility.
■ US Geological Survey (USGS) continued to work on a project involving the development of
recommendations for modifications to the City's approach to estimating nutrient loading calculations.
This project will provide the City with suggestions on how to modify its sample collection and modeling
methods to reduce the amount of uncertainty in producing these calculations. Analyses will continue
in 2021 with a final report anticipated in 2022.
■ The contract with ENCO Laboratories, Inc for laboratory services to analyze surface water, sediment,
and soil samples was amended in February 2021. The amendment will extend services for an
additional year. This contract is used to analyze samples collected during Falls Lake monitoring,
investigations and inspections, and other special studies.
■ The City has continued its ongoing effort of continuous monitoring of water level and temperature at
two locations: Crooked Creek at Scott King Road and Goose Creek at Camden Avenue. Water depth
and temperature are recorded at 15-minute intervals using data loggers installed in wells at each site.
■ Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) are being developed for assessment and monitoring activities.
These SOPs meet the content and format requirements described in EPA guidance documents. The
following SOPs were completed between July 2020 and June 2021: Field Measurements and
Operations, Water Chemistry Sampling, Water Sample Filtration, and Hydrologic Model Storage. An
SOP for calculating the Water Quality Summary Table was being finalized in June 2021.
■ Data analysis and final reporting for the assessment of pollution removal by the City's street sweepers
was completed in May 2021. This study determined pollutant removal rates for sediments, nutrients,
metals, and other constituents achieved by street sweeping efforts.
■ Stream sediment chemistry data collected by Durham, USGS, and Duke University from 2002-2014
were summarized in a report completed in October 2020. Sediment data were from streams
throughout the City and included components of nutrients, inorganic compounds, organic compounds,
bacteria, and physical characteristics. Summarized data helps assess the overall quality of the City's
streams.
■ Field sampling for the Stirrup Iron Creek, Lick Creek, and Little Brier Creek Watershed Study began in
fall 2020 and was completed in summer 2021. Data collected included streamflow, baseflow and
stormflow water quality, sediment quality, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Habitat assessments were
also completed. Data from this study will be assessed in a report that will characterize the overall
quality of these streams.
■ Water and sediment samples were collected in Warren Creek and Sandy Creek Tributary A for a
pollutant source tracking project in fall 2020 and winter 2021. Draft reports analyzing the data were
completed in 2021. Additional sampling and final reports are planned for 2021 and 2022. Results
from this project may identify sources or causes of water quality issues in both watersheds.
■ The New Hope Creek Watershed Improvement Plan project continued in 2020 and 2021 and included
several monitoring subtasks. Two stream bank erosion subtasks were completed as part of this work.
This includes the monitoring and reporting from studies using two different methods, bank pin
monitoring and root dendrogeomorphology monitoring. Results generated using the different methods
showed comparable results for a limited set of samples. This suggests that root dendrogeomorphology
has potential for being a suitable cost-efficient method to determine stream bank erosion rates. A
third subtask was also completed that involved microbial source tracking sampling to identify sources
of fecal bacteria in Northeast Creek. Results from this study suggested that fecal sources associated
with both humans and dogs are present in Northeast Creek and that fecal material is transported to
the creek during dry or wet weather in different locations in the watershed.
75

New studies and initiatives:
■ Methodology was developed and calculations were completed to determine the 'stream miles suitable
for human contact' in the City. This metric was calculated for each watershed in the city that was
monitored during 2020. A city-wide metric for 2020 was also determined. The 'suitability for human
contact' metric is determined by comparing fecal coliform monitoring data to the standard for
secondary recreation for Class C waters.
■ A replacement for the weather station that was previously operating at City Hall was installed and
began collecting data in May 2021.
■ Water quality samples were collected in October 2020 for a split sample analysis by three
laboratories. Results were analyzed in a draft memo and will serve as a process quality check for
ambient chemistry sampling and analytical analysis. The memo will be finalized in 2021.
Plans for the coming year:
■ A report provided by the USGS is expected to be completed in fiscal year 2022 that summarizes
recommendations on how to modify the City's sample collection and modeling methods to reduce the
amount of uncertainty in producing loading calculations.
■ A new contract with the USGS will be signed in fall 2021 to continue operation of the stream discharge
and stage gauges and precipitation gauges located in the city through 2023.
■ A final report for the Stirrup Iron Creek, Lick Creek, and Little Brier Creek Watershed Study will be
completed this upcoming year that will incorporate monitoring data collected during 2020 and 2021.
■ Standard Operating Procedures will be finalized for benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring and
sampling station naming methods in the upcoming year. Documentation for the maintenance and
operation of the new weather station at City Hall will also be developed.
76

11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs
The City of Durham is currently subject to two Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) covering City
receiving waters with approved Waste Load Allocations (WLAs) assigned to the City's MS4. Reporting
under the previous permit included Water Quality Recovery Program updates for the Northeast and
Third Fork Creek watersheds in the Cape Fear River Basin.
A chlorophyll a TMDL for Jordan Lake was approved in 2007. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL
are expressed as 336,079 pounds per year of total nitrogen and 23,106 pounds per year of total
phosphorus. Target reductions are not expressed specifically for Northeast or Third Fork Creeks but
are expressed as loads to the Upper New Hope Arm of Jordan Lake. A specific plan for Jordan Lake is
not included in this annual report because the Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy rules are
currently being rewritten by the State.
This section follows the guidance provided in the 2018 NPDES stormwater permit and highlights
programs within the six minimum measures for NPDES Phase II permits. Annual reporting for both
TMDL watersheds also includes updates for measures that are not categorized as one of the six
minimum measures. Additional measures are listed under the heading "Programs in Addition to the
Six Minimum Measures" in Sections 11(a) and 11(b).
Under the current permit, TMDL reporting, in the form of updates and tracking for the current TMDL
Response Plans, is provided in Sections 11(a) and 11(b). For the FY2021 reporting period, all
planned measures are listed with their projected timeline for implementation ranging from one
permit cycle (5 years) to three permit cycles (15 years). If there are no metric results reported for a
planned measure it is because the measure is not yet implemented; however, specific metrics and
metric tracking methods are being developed. The measures that were completed or fully
implemented in prior years can be found in the City's previous NPDES annual reports.
Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria
A fecal coliform bacteria TMDL for Northeast Creek was approved in 2003. The pollution reduction
for this TMDL is expressed as a load of colonies and as a percent load reduction. A maximum load of
1.12x1011 colonies per day is required in Northeast Creek or a 92 percent reduction to the baseline
load (1997-2001).
Table 11.1 EPA approved TMDL for the Northeast Creek Watershed
Description of
DWQ
Stream
TMDL
TMDL
EPA Approval
area
Assessment
Classification(s)
Parameter
Date
U n it(s)
Northeast Creek from
16-41-1-17-(0.7)a
WS-IV NSW. Potable
Fecal coliform
1.12x1011 colonies
September 12, 2003
NC Highway 55 to a
16-41-1-17-(0.7)b2
water supply, Nutrient
bacteria
per day
point 0.5 miles
Sensitive Water
downstream of
Panther Creek
NSW. Nutrient Sensitive Water
WS. Water Supply classification
Table 11.2 Water quality standards for fecal coliform bacteria
Parameter
Administrative Code
Standards for Class C Waters
Section
Fecal coliform
15A NCAC 02B .0211(3)(e)
Organisms of the coliform group: fecal coliforms shall not exceed a geometric mean of
bacteria
200/100ml (MF count) based upon at least five consecutive samples examined during any
30-day period, nor exceed 400/100ml in more than 20 percent of the samples examined
during such period. Violations of the fecal coliform standard are expected during rainfall
events and, in some cases, this violation is expected to be caused by uncontrollable
77

Table 11.2 Water quality standards for fecal coliform bacteria
Parameter
Administrative Code
Standards for Class C Waters
Section
nonpoint source pollution. All coliform concentrations are to be analyzed using the
membrane filter technique unless high turbidity or other adverse conditions necessitate the
tube dilution method; in case of controversy over results, the MPN 5-tube dilution
technique shall be used as the reference method;
TMDL response plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described
below.
11.1.1 Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for
Northeast Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed before July 1,
2020, please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports on the City's website. The items
listed below were implemented in addition to the existing public education and outreach program
that includes teacher training, presentations at schools, participation in community events, and
other opportunities that bring Stormwater staff into contact with the residents of Durham. When
there are items that can be regularly posted, utilizing the Department of Public Works social media
accounts is another method of informing the public and reaching many people quickly.
Table 11.3 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s)
Area Impacted or Number of
Implementation
Targeted
People Reached
Status
Distribution of materials to target groups
Nutrients, Grease,
Landscaping contractors,
2012 - present
Sediment, Bacteria,
construction industry, fiber installers,
Oil
plumbers, restaurants, and auto
industry
Presentations to school groups at Rogers Herr
Bacteria
113 students
3/16, 2021,
Middle School
3/18/2021
Provide education on proper maintenance of
Bacteria
2 water quality investigations related
Ongoing
private sewer laterals following an investigation
to private sewage issues
to encourage homeowners to take care of
laterals.
A general measure that addresses bacterial pollution sources is a media campaign to motivate the
public to take specific actions that reduce sources of fecal coliform bacteria. The outcome measures
for this media campaign are quantified using attendance numbers for in -person outreach events,
webpage viewing metrics, social media impressions, and the number of impressions from
educational material posts shared on social media accounts. During the FY2020 reporting year,
Stormwater Public Education staff created a slogan to encourage dog owners to pick up pet waste -
"It's your duty to pick up their doody." Stormwater staff that manage the City's Stormwater Facebook
and Twitter accounts created a hashtag (#DurhamDoodyPledge) for residents to post photos and
messages of how they are preventing pet waste from entering the City's stormwater drainage
system. Public Education staff also developed a postcard for the pet waste campaign that will be
sent to residents and business owners, e.g., veterinary clinics, dog kennels, and dog daycares.
Additional campaign materials include flags with a "Do your Duty" message for people to flag pet
waste piles in their neighborhoods and pet waste bag holder leash clips. An educational video was
created and posted to the City's YouTube channel in FY2021.
During FY2021, presentations were given to Rogers -Herr middle school about the impact of bacteria
and how the City used a special study to track the sources. The attendance zone for Rogers -Herr
includes the Northeast Creek watershed.
0

An additional measure planned for public education and outreach in Northeast Creek is to distribute
educational materials on pet waste management to owners of private dog parks and dog kennels.
Staff in the Stormwater Quality Unit have identified six dog facilities within the Northeast Creek
watershed with the type and number listed below in Table 11.4. Stormwater staff developed
education materials on pet waste management for the facilities identified within the Northeast Creek
watershed during the 2021 fiscal year. Distribution was delayed due to Covid-19 closures; many vet
offices moved to curb -side intakes and did not have open lobbies. Materials will be delivered in the
2022 fiscal year.
Table 11.4 Public education and outreach measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Pollutant(s)
Targeted
Area Impacted or
Number of People
Reached
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Implementation
Status
Bacteria
7,126 impressions from
2019 - 2024
Implemented in 2020
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the
social media posts
and currently
public to take specific actions that reduce
7/1/2020-6/30/2021
ongoing.
sources of fecal coliform bacteria through the
City's website, online videos (e.g. YouTube),
114 video views
social media accounts, Waterways newsletter,
Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP)
Handouts and giveaways at
handouts, and other methods.
two events (estimated 100
contacts)
Bacteria
Six facilities identified:
2019 - 2024
Educational materials
Identify the number and location of private dog
Veterinary Clinics (3), Dog
developed in FY2021.
parks (neighborhood, apartment, HOA) and dog
Daycare (1), and Private
Plan to deliver
kennel facilities in the Northeast Creek
Dog Parks (2)
materials in FY2022.
watershed. Provide educational materials on
pet waste management.
11.1.2 Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Northeast Creek watershed have generally revolved
around the watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to
the TMDL Response Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table
11.5. The 2021 Creek Week events were a mixture of virtual and in -person events. Northeast Creek
Stream Watch offered a virtual watershed tour in March 2021 and has updated their website at
https://www.northeastcreek.org/. There are no additional measures planned for Public Participation
and Involvement as part of the TMDL Response Plan for Northeast Creek.
Table 11.5 Public participation and involvement measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of SCM
Purpose
Area Impacted
Implementation
or Number of
Status
People
Reached
Support for Northeast Creek Stream Watch - several
Leverage community
Neighborhoods,
2013-present
cleanups per year, educational hikes, use of aquatic
leaders to expand outreach
schools, and
animal puppets to raise awareness, tabling at events,
in the target area.
libraries in the
involve local youth groups in stewardship
Northeast Creek
watershed
11.1.3 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the
Stormwater Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division.
The IDDE program is instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of fecal coliform bacteria,
79

especially from human sources such as the City's sanitary sewer system, private sewer laterals, and
septic systems.
As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.6 lists the new IDDE measures that are planned in
Northeast Creek. In November 2020, the Stormwater Quality Unit conducted a pilot study to assess
the use of canines trained to detect the scent of human waste and greywater in the drainage system.
The canine team assessed 41 outfalls in Northeast Creek and assisted staff in tracking potential
sewage/greywater discharges upstream through the drainage system. This study generated clusters
of drainage system structures targeted for closer investigation. Over the summer 2021 months, the
Outfall Screening Program will be conducting a more intensive inspection of these target areas. The
final results of the study are pending these follow-up investigations and inspections.
The Stormwater Quality Unit also plans to conduct cross -training sessions with the Code Enforcement
Unit of Neighborhood Improvement Services and the Zoning Enforcement Unit in the City -County
Planning Department. The Stormwater Quality Unit additionally plans to develop a routine stream -
walk program in Northeast Creek. Both of these measures are aimed at identifying and eliminating
more sources of fecal coliform bacteria in Northeast Creek.
Table 11.6 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Conduct a pilot study for the use of
Number of sewage investigations
25 outfalls targeted
2020-2021
Implemented in
sewage -detecting canine services in
initiated by canine signals
for additional
2020 and currently
traditional major outfall screening
investigation
ongoing.
locations.
Routine stream -walk program to
Number of bacteria -related
To be determined
2019 - 2024
Staff held a planning
target the main stem and tributaries
investigations conducted
meeting in June
with historically higher incidences of
2021.
illicit discharges. Also, inspect major
outfalls (greater than 36" diameter
pipe) for sources of fecal coliform
bacteria.
Number of stream miles walked
To be determined
Conduct cross -training for the Zoning
Number of cross -training events
To be determined
2019 - 2024
Staff held a planning
Enforcement and Water Quality IDDE
meeting in June
groups to improve communication
2021.
between departments on sanitary
sewer and septic system issues
observed in the field.
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Northeast Creek watershed have been
relatively low over the past five years. Due to the low volume of investigations in FY2021 as a result
of COVID-19, sewage -related investigations in this watershed were also few. Categories related to
sewage for the last five years are listed below in Table 11.7. These categories were selected since
they are most likely to describe sources of pollution with significant fecal bacteria content.
Table 11.7 Northeast Creek illicit discharge investigations involving sewage or sanitary waste.
Private
Sanitary
Sewer
Total
Reporting
Septic
Discharging
Wash Water
Sewer
Sewer
Leaks and
Period
Systems
Sand Filters
Discharges
Laterals
Overflows
Breaks
2020-2021
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
2019-2020
01
01
01
11
3
11
5
2018-20191
11
01
31
01
0
0
4
2017-20181
01
01
11
01
1
0
2
99

Table 11.7 Northeast Creek illicit discharge investigations involving sewage or sanitary waste.
Private
Sanitary
Sewer
Total
Reporting
Septic
Discharging
Wash Water
Sewer
Sewer
Leaks and
Period
Systems
Sand Filters
Discharges
Laterals
Overflows
Breaks
2016-2017
0
0
3
1
3
0
7
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE
component of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely
to be obscured by vegetation. Northeast Creek was the target of dry weather outfall screening during
the 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2014-2015, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2020-2021 reporting years.
Table 11.8 shows the outfall screening activity that has occurred in Northeast Creek since the TMDL
Response Plan was finalized in 2019.
Table 11.8 Northeast Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting
Activity during Reporting Period
Period
2020-2021
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened in November 2020. A total of 23 outfalls were
screened during the canine scent tracking pilot study.
2019-2020
No outfalls were screened in the Northeast Creek watershed.
2018-2019
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened from October 2018 through February 2019. A
total of 176 outfalls were screened.
11.1.4 Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
Additional activities were not planned or completed as part of this measure. Construction site runoff
activities are described in Section 6.
11.1.5 Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Northeast Creek watershed for many years
due to the water supply watershed program. Currently, the City's Stormwater Performance Standards
for Development states that all development that constructs stormwater control measures to comply
with the ordinance and which is located in an area that is subject to a state -approved Total Maximum
Daily Load for bacteria shall be required to have at least one primary SCM for each stormwater
discharge that is rated as medium, good, high, or excellent for its ability to remove bacteria from
stormwater. Further, this ordinance states that "Ratings shall be those that appear in the utilized
version of the NC DEQ Stormwater Design Manual and/or North Carolina Stormwater Control
Measure Credit Document as specified in the Reference Guide for Development or as determined or
approved by the Director." "Medium" and "high" removal abilities for bacteria are the terms used in
the 2009-2016 archived Stormwater Design Manual. These equate to poor, fair, good, or excellent in
the North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document. The North Carolina Stormwater
Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the nutrient and total suspended solids
reduction values attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina. The City of Durham is currently using
the archived Stormwater Design Manual for SCMs as our basis for SCM design.
As of June 30, 2021, approximately 89 known maintained SCMs exist in the Northeast Creek
watershed. As shown below in Table 11.9, 55 of the 89 SCMs in Northeast Creek are classified as
having medium to high removal ability, which equates to poor, fair, good, or excellent removal ability
for fecal coliform under NCDEQ's new methodology. A map showing the SCM locations in Northeast
Creek is provided in Figure 11.1 below. Removing fecal coliform is difficult and some SCMs have
m

been shown to provide an environment that supports bacterial regrowth. Of the SCMs listed in Table
11.9, bioretention cells are considered to have the highest ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria.
Table 11.9 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Northeast Creek watershed
constructed to provide treatment of runoff from new development sites
Fecal Coliform
Number in the
Removal Ability (SWDesign
SCM Type
Northeast Creek
Manual/SCM
Watershed
Credit Doc)
Bioretention Area
9
High/Excellent
Constructed Wetland
2
Medium/Good
Dry Extended Detention Pond
1
Medium/Poor
Peak Shaver Dry Pond'
21
Not listed, but assumed to be
Low /Poor
Level Spreader/ Vegetated Filter Strip
4
Medium/Poor
Level Spreader
10
Not listed, but assumed to be
Low /Poor
Sand Filter
12
High/Good
Filterra
1
Not Listed/Good
Underground Storage
3
Not listed in either document,
but assumed to be Low
Wet Pond
26
Medium/Fair
Tota 1
89
Table 11.10 Post -construction stormwater management measures currently implemented in Northeast
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Implementatio
Result
n Status
All development that is located in an area that is subject to a TMDL
Number of SCMs rated
55
Ongoing
for fecal coliform bacteria shall be required to have at least one
as medium or high
primary SCM for each stormwater discharge that is rated as
medium, good, high, or excellent for its ability to remove bacteria
from stormwater. (City code 70-741(c)).
Projects located in the Northeast Creek watershed that were approved during the reporting year are
listed below in Table 11.11. A summary of compliance and enforcement notices issued during the
reporting year to private SCM owners for the Northeast Creek watershed is listed below in Table
11.12.
Table 11.11 List of All Projects Approved in the Northeast Creek watershed.
Project Name
SCM Type Approved
The Building Center - D1900377
Exempt Project'
Signature Elevate at the Park
Wet Pond
Signature Elevate at the Park
Wet Pond
ABC Store NC Hwy 55 - D2000103
Exempt Project'
New Cultural Center for IABAT Amendment -Jordan - D2000152
Sand Filter
St. Vasile Romanian Orthodox Church - D2000035
Exempt Project'
Ellis Road Connector Road Amendment 1(D2000245)
Previously reported - Wet Pond
Providence at Southpoint Site Plan Amendment - D2000211
Previously reported - Wet Pond
Novaris Gene Therapies - A220 - D2000281
Exempt Project'
Davis Park East Pod B Amendment (D2000129))
Previously reported - Wet Pond
Raptor
Reviewed by County
Popeyes 4818 INC Hwy 55 D2000203
Filterra
Popeyes 4818 INC Hwy 55 D2000203
Underground Storage
Selby Avenue Homes - D2100048
Previously reported - Constructed Wetland
The Shops at Ellis Crossing - D2000186
Part of Ellis Road Connector Road Project D2000186
W

Table 11.11 List of All Projects Approved in the Northeast Creek watershed.
Project Name
SCM Type Approved
The Shops at Ellis Crossing - D2100147
Part of Ellis Road Connector Road Project D2000186
Ellis Road Ph. 3 Amendment - D2100070 - Jordan
Previously reported - 3 Wet Ponds and 1 Constructed Wetland
1 Project did not trigger SCM requirements.
Table 11.12 Summary of Compliance/Enforcement Notices for SCMs in the Northeast Creek Watershed.
Type of Enforcement Action
Number of SCMs
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
30
Notices of Breach
0
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
0
The planned measure for post -construction stormwater management would require developers to
include pet waste receptacles in residential development site plans, which requires the City Council
and the County Board of Commissioners to approve an amendment to the Unified Development
Ordinance. Stormwater Development Review staff and City -County Planning staff met in May 2021 to
discuss the measure listed in Table 11.13. Stormwater Development Review staff began researching
ordinances of other cities in North Carolina to find examples of requirements for pet waste
receptacles in residential development.
Table 11.13 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Northeast
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementation
Result
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Require developers to include pet waste
Requirement for pet waste
To be
2024 - 2029
Staff held a planning
receptacles in new residential
receptacles implemented
determined
meeting in May
development.
in Comprehensive Plan or
2021.
UDO
M

Headwaters
Littlef
New Hope
Creek
Lick Creekm RAN1fILLE
•
Third
G AM
Fork Creek
•
4RANGE
Northeast
Creek
MIKE
Stirrup
Iron
New Hope
Creek
Creek-B Everett
Jordan Lake
`No heart -
Creek i
Upper
DU
Crabtree
C M
Creek
4
C.r
New Hope
River-B Everett
Jordan Lake
City Limits
Dry Pond
N
Research Triangle Park
Filterra/Silva Cell
0 0.5 1 2 3
County BoundaryMiles
Grassed Swale
Northeast Creek Watershed
Level Spreader
Watersheds
Rain Harvesting System
Map prepared 6y Stormwater & G I S Services,
Streams
Sand Filter- Underground
Department of Public Works on 8113/2021_
Information depicted is for reference purposes
• Rain Garden
Sand Filter
only &compiled from best available sources"
The City of Du rh anrYDu rh am County assumes no
BioretentionArea
Underground Storage
responsibility for errors arising fromuse or
Constructed Wetland
• Wet Pond
misuse of this map"
Figure 11.1 Stormwater Control Measures and Stormwater Retrofits located within the Northeast Creek
watershed in the City of Durham.
M

11.1.6 Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department currently inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater
drainage system. Although the measure listed in Table 11.14 is currently implemented by the Public
Works Operations Division, the measure was not tracked in the past for the TMDL Response Plan.
Public Works staff have developed methods for tracking the number of work orders for stormwater
inspection and maintenance activities that occur in the Northeast Creek watershed. New measures
are not planned as part of Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations in
this watershed.
Table 11.14 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently Implemented in Northeast
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Status
Conduct routine inspections
Number of assets associated with closed work
101(36 nodes, 0
Ongoing
and maintenance of
orders
channels, and 65 pipes)
stormwater catch basins.
11.1.7 Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the
NPDES six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are
grouped by the City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures.
The additional programs with measures (implemented and planned) that apply to the Northeast
Creek TMDL Response Plan are listed as Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting,
Stormwater Quality, Water Management, and Environmental Health.
11.1.8 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated
into the Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the minimum control measures, this
program does provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks.
In the Northeast Creek watershed, there are currently 10 rain gardens added as retrofits to existing
residential properties. Rain gardens have a high potential ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria.
Staff re -inspect the previously installed rain gardens and track them to determine if they are still
active. There are currently 6 confirmed residential rain gardens in the Northeast Creek watershed.
The status of 4 additional devices needs to be confirmed. Existing retrofit SCMs are shown below in
Table 11.15.
Table 11.15 Retrofit SCMs for existing development in the Northeast Creek watershed
Number in the
Fecal Coliform Removal Ability
SCM Type
Northeast Creek
(SW Design Manual/SCM Credit Doc)
Watershed
Residential Rain Gardens
10
High/Excellent'
Total
10
(1) Ability based on filtration device.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed
Planning staff in the Public Works Department. Retrofit projects implemented in the Northeast Creek
watershed are shown below in Table 11.16.
99

Table 11.16 Retrofit projects currently implemented in the Northeast Creek
watershed
Project
Implementation
FY2021 Project
Description of Project
Area Treated
Name
Date
Update
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham
6,054 sq ft (Total area
2014
No SCMs completed in
SCMs in the City
Soil and Water Conservation District to
treated for project. Area
FY2021. There are a few
of Durham
fund SCMs using the CCAP program.
treated in Northeast
proposed projects in NEC
Annual inspections of each device
Creek to be determined)
that may be installed
installed under this contract will
during FY2022.
continue.
Other updates regarding non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and
stormwater retrofitting are described below:
No Mow Pilot Study - The Watershed Improvement Plan Program develops a Riparian Area
Management Plan (RAMP) to describe recommended management practices that could
contribute to improved water quality and riparian buffer conditions on city -owned or
maintained land that is along, or drains to, a stream. Through these efforts, the Public Works
Department is working in collaboration with the Department of Water Management and the
Department of Parks and Recreation to examine the feasibility of expanding the vegetated
buffers on streams. New riparian buffer areas have been established through 'No Mow'
Zones on City -owned property along streams, such as sewer easements, to evaluate the
effectiveness of these areas. Educational materials, including fact sheets and a video, have
been developed to educate residents and city staff about the benefits of these areas. The
first No Mow sites were established in 2017 along three sections of sewer easements near
stream banks in Ellerbe Creek (0.15 mile), Little Lick Creek (0.20 mile), and Northeast Creek
(0.29 mile). The success of previously established No Mow Zones is being evaluated and new
areas to expand No Mow Zones are being considered. The primary success criteria will be to
quantify the change in total vegetated buffer area `protected' by No Mow zones after several
easement mowing cycles. Public Works staff are continuing to monitor the size and condition
of the vegetated buffer in these areas over time.
The planned measure for watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting, shown below in Table
11.17, is focused on constructing SCMs in the Northeast Creek watershed that remove fecal
coliform bacteria.
Table 11.17 Watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Implementatio
Implementation
Result
In Timeline
Status
Review the Northeast Creek Watershed
Number of SCMs
1
2029 - 2034
Staff held a planning
Improvement Plan (WIP) and implement the
planned for
meeting in May 2021.
construction of SCMs identified in the WIP that
construction
address fecal coliform bacteria.
Number of SCMs
0
constructed
Updates regarding studies and planned SCMs as part of watershed planning and stormwater
retrofitting are described below:
Lochside Dry Pond Retrofit Feasibility Study - The Northeast Creek Watershed Improvement Plan
identified an existing dry pond located in the Lochside development (SCM ID#00123) as a
potential retrofit project. During FY2021, a study was performed to examine the feasibility of
retrofitting this dry pond into another type of stormwater device with a higher rating for
removal of bacteria including conversion to bioretention, stormwater wetland, sand filter, and

wet detention basin. Given site constraints including space limitations, utility constraints, and
potential conflicts with jurisdictional features, none of these facilities could be designed to
adequately capture and treat the volume of water coming from the 54-acre drainage area.
Bradford Circle Drainage Improvements (SD-2021-01) - The Stormwater Infrastructure Group is
managing a construction project that will replace Bradford Circle's gravel road surface with
asphalt and permeable pavement. Construction began in May 2021 and is anticipated to be
completed by August 2021.
11.1.9 Stormwater Quality
The Public Works Department's Stormwater Quality Unit is responsible for implementing three
planned measures shown below in Table 11.18. Stormwater Quality will coordinate with the
Stormwater Development Review Unit to research state and federal regulations and successful
methods of geese management programs in other areas. Once geese management guidance
materials are developed, this measure may be tracked by the number of educational and guidance
materials that are distributed to homeowners associations and neighborhood communities. During
FY2021, Stormwater Quality and Stormwater Development Review staff met to discuss the goals,
issues, and steps related to implementing this measure. Stormwater Development Review also
searched their database to identify SCMs in the Northeast Creek Watershed that may attract geese,
such as constructed wetlands and wet ponds.
Stormwater Quality also plans to explore the use of UV light treatment devices in culverts and
stormwater catch basins to target multiple sources of fecal coliform bacteria. Stormwater Quality
staff held a planning meeting in June 2021 to discuss the goals, issues, and steps related to
implementing this measure.
A microbial source tracking (MST) study was completed in February 2021. Five stations in the
Northeast Creek watershed were monitored during baseflow events and storm events as part of the
study. Stormwater Quality staff met in June 2021 to discuss the results of the MST study. The results
and conclusions of the MST study final report will be used to focus the City's dog waste education
campaign and IDDE efforts in specific areas of Northeast Creek.
Table 11.18 Stormwater quality measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Management program for Canada Geese to
Number of geese
To be determined
2024-2029
Staff held a planning
control population and proximity to water,
management
meeting in March
which may include non-SCM lakes and ponds.
guidance materials
2021.
distributed
Explore UV treatment devices in culverts or
Number of UV
To be determined
2024-2029
Staff held a planning
stormwater catch basins to reduce fecal
treatment devices
meeting in June
coliform bacteria in baseflow or low turbidity
installed and
2021.
water.
operating
Conduct a second microbial source tracking
MST study
MST study
2024-2029
Measure
(MST) study and compare results to the first
completed and
completed in
implemented in
BST study completed for Northeast Creek
results compared
February 2021.
2021. MST study
will be used to plan
the Public Education
and IDDE efforts in
Northeast Creek.".
11.1.10 Water Management
The City's Water Management Department has been implementing several bacteria -reducing
measures for many years that have not been previously tracked for the Northeast Creek TMDL
Response Plan. Water Management Department's Water and Sewer Maintenance Division is
m

responsible for inspecting the sanitary sewer system for leaks, stopping sanitary sewer overflows,
repairing sanitary sewer lines, and cleaning up sewer spills from pipes, manholes, and pump
stations. Water Management's Industrial Waste Control Division is responsible for educating the
public about the proper disposal of Fats, Oils & Grease (FOG) and nonwoven products, and
inspecting grease interceptors at food service establishments, assisted living centers, and hotels.
Water Management staff have developed tracking methods for the measures listed in Table 11.19
and report the metric results to Public Works on an annual basis.
Table 11.19 Water Management measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Status
Inspect sewer lines and pump stations to
Number of sewer line flushing and camera
511
Ongoing
identify and respond to sewage releases in
inspection work orders completed
early stage.
Number of routine pump station inspections
360
Ongoing
Identify sewer rehabilitation areas based on
Number of sewer rehabilitation projects
1(4 manholes
Ongoing
routine inspection and prioritize sewer lines to
completed
repaired)
be repaired.
Education campaign for the proper disposal of
Number of nonwoven products and FOG
0 mailings
Ongoing
nonwoven products (also called flushable
education mailings
wipes) and FOG (fats, oils, and grease).
135 FOG kits and
668 refill bags
delivered
Number of digital and TV ads'
3 commercials
Ongoing
(aired 3,665
times across 34
TV networks)
400,000
impressions from
digital ads
Number of outreach events2
0
Ongoing
Number of commercial grease traps
0
Ongoing
inspected
'Digital and TV ads are considered citywide and are not specific to residents in the Northeast Creek watershed.
2No events were held within the Northeast Creek watershed or as citywide events.
11.1.11 Environmental Health
The County's Environmental Health Division is responsible for the inspection of on -site wastewater
systems (septic systems) and enforcement of regulations for failing septic systems. The
Environmental Health Division currently sends educational mailers on proper septic system
maintenance to all homeowners with septic systems in Durham County. The Environmental Health
Division educational outreach data could not be reported in this annual report because staff time
was focused on the Durham County Public Health Department's response to the COVID-19 pandemic
in 2020 and 2021. Therefore, Table 11.20 does not list any metric results for the Northeast Creek
watershed during the FY2020-2021 reporting period.
Table 11.20 Environmental Health measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Status
Distribute educational mailings on proper
Number of mailers sent
0*
Ongoing
maintenance of septic systems to
homeowners with septic systems.
Number of responses from residents
0*
Ongoing
::

Table 11.20 Environmental Health measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Status
Number of residents requesting
0*
Ongoing
additional information on septic system
maintenance
*The metric result was not available for this annual report because Environmental Health Division staff were directed to focus their
time on the County Public Health Department's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
The Environmental Health Division plans to identify failing septic systems in the Northeast Creek
watershed by contacting residents by letter and following up with site visits in FY2022. As of April
2021, Durham County records show there are 80 suspect septic systems in the Northeast Creek
watershed within 50 feet of a sewer line. The Environmental Health Division reviewed the City's plan
to develop a cost -share option for owners of failing septic systems that need assistance with
connecting a private sewer service to the City's sanitary sewer system. During the reporting period,
Stormwater Quality staff received approval from the Durham City Council to fund and implement the
Residential Septic to Sewer Cost -Share Project for the Northeast Creek Watershed. The City's
Stormwater Quality Unit plans to roll out the Residential Septic to Sewer Cost -Share Project during
FY2022 for residents within the Durham city limits and the Northeast Creek watershed.
Table 11.21 Environmental Health measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Conduct a community survey to identify
Number of failing
To be determined
2019-2024
Community survey
failing subsurface systems
subsurface systems
scheduled for
FY2022.
Notify NCDEQ of all existing,
Number of unpermitted
To be determined
2019-2024
Metric tracking to
unpermitted discharge systems (septic
discharge systems
begin in FY2022.
and sand filter systems)
identified and sent to
NCDEQ
Repair or replace existing septic
Number of existing septic
To be determined
2019-2024
Cost -share project
systems located within city limits that
systems repaired or
approved in June
are failing or leaking. Provide a cost-
replaced
2021. Plan to
share option as an incentive to connect
implement the
to the City's sanitary sewer system.
project in FY2022.
Number of residents that
To be determined
received cost -share
assistance
11.1.12 Water Quality Assessment and MonitorinVWater Quality Status
Tracking has been performed primarily at the point where Northeast Creek crosses Sedwick Road,
far upstream of the compliance point. Sedwick Road offers a convenient location to evaluate City of
Durham and Durham County progress, without interference from other counties or the Durham
County WWTP. Sedwick Road is a current monitoring location for the City of Durham (NEO.ONE) and
was a former monitoring location for the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association (UCFRBA) at
B3300000. The UCFRBA resumed monitoring efforts at station B3300000 in March 2020 with
funding support from the City of Durham. Future comparisons may be made downstream at the
compliance point, assuming state data is readily available for the same time frame. However, the
compliance point is not the best location to track the impact City actions have on fecal coliform
levels in Northeast Creek.
As of 2020, there is an overall trend towards worsening fecal coliform levels in Northeast Creek at
Sedwick Road. The USGS Seasonal Kendall trend test was performed using monthly monitoring data
from 2000 through 2020; however, no monitoring data were available for 2017 and 2019. The NC
:•

Division of Water Resources used geometric mean concentrations of fecal coliform calculated using
the monthly monitoring data to place waters on the 303(d) list. Geometric mean concentrations were
compared to the benchmarks in the water quality standard, even though data were not collected
consistent with the standard. The City did not monitor the Northeast Creek watershed in 2015,
2017, and 2019. The UCFRBA did not monitor station B3300000 from 2016 through 2019. The
UCFRBA data are not included in geometric mean calculations for 2016 through 2019. A water
quality update is not provided for 2017 and 2019 because the City of Durham and the UCFRBA did
not monitor Northeast Creek during those years.
Table 11.22 2000 to 2020 Fecal coliform levels at Sedwick
Road, cfu/100mL
Year
Geometric Mean
Percent greater than
400 cfu/100mL
2000
300
33%
2001
138
25%
2002
123
25%
2003
100
8%
2004
461
50%
2005
85
21%
2006
164
21%
2007
106
18%
2008
232
29%
2009
164
23%
2010
130
19%
2011
116
17%
2012
135
29%
2013
145
33%
2014
238
33%
201512
175
30%
20163
410
42%
20171
n/a
n/a
20183
674
64%
20191
n/a
n/a
2020
339
32%
'Northeast Creek was not monitored by the City in 2015, 2017, and 2019.
22015 geometric mean and "percent greater than 400" calculations only include
UCFRBA data for monitoring site B3300000
32016 and 2018 geometric mean and "percent greater than 400" calculations
only include City of Durham data for monitoring site NEO.ONE.
a

Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity
A turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek was approved in 2005. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL
are expressed as pounds per year of total suspended solids (TSS). A maximum TSS load of 0.75 tons
per day is provided in the Third Fork Creek TMDL.
Table 11.23 EPA Approved TMDL for Third Fork Creek
DWQ
EPA
Stream
TMDL
Description of area
Assessment
TMDL
Approval
Classifications)
Parameter
Unit(s)
Date
Third Fork Creek from two
16-41-1-12-(2)
WS-IV NSW. Potable
Turbidity/TSS
0.75 tons per
January 11,
miles upstream of Highway
water supply, Nutrient
day of TSS
2005
54 to New Hope Creek.
Sensitive Water
Table 11.24 Water Quality Standard for Turbidity
Parameter
Administrative
Code Section
Standards for Class C Waters
Turbidity
15A NCAC 02B
Turbidity: the turbidity in the receiving water shall not exceed 50 Nephelometric
.0211(3)(k)
Turbidity Units (NTU) in streams not designated as trout waters and 10 NTU in
streams, lakes or reservoirs designated as trout waters; for lakes and reservoirs not
designated as trout waters, the turbidity shall not exceed 25 NTU; if turbidity exceeds
these levels due to natural background conditions, the existing turbidity level shall not
be increased. Compliance with this turbidity standard can be met when land
management activities employ Best Management Practices (BMPs) [as defined by
Rule .0202 of this Section] recommended by the Designated Nonpoint Source Agency
[as defined by Rule .0202 of this Section]. BMPs must be in full compliance with all
specifications governing the proper design, installation, operation, and maintenance
of such BMPs;
The Phase II Minimum Control Measures are described in earlier sections of this document. TMDL
response plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described below.
11.1.11 Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for
Third Fork Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed before July 1,
2020, please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports. The items listed below were
implemented in addition to the existing public education and outreach program that includes teacher
training, presentations at schools, participation in community events, and other opportunities that
bring Stormwater staff into contact with the residents of Durham. When there are items that can be
regularly posted, utilizing the Department of Public Works social media accounts is another method
of informing the public and reaching many people quickly.
Table 11.25 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or Number of People
Reached
Implementation
Status
Distribution of materials to
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Grease,
Landscaping contractors, restaurants,
2012-present
target groups
Oil, Sediment, Bacteria
construction industry, fiber installers,
plumbers, auto industry, towing industry,
landlords, and HVAC industry
Watershed -specific
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Grease,
3 people
11/18/2020
presentation at RN Harris
Oil, Sediment, Bacteria
Elementary School
91

Table 11.25 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or Number of People
Implementation
Reached
Status
Distribution of materials
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Grease,
19 people
10/20/2020
during tabling event at Lyon
Oil, Sediment, Bacteria
Park
A general measure that addresses many sediment pollution sources is a media campaign to
motivate the public to take specific actions that reduce sources of turbidity and sediment. The
outcome measures for this planned media campaign may be quantified using attendance numbers
for in -person outreach events, webpage viewing metrics, social media likes, and the number of
educational material posts shared on social media accounts. Stormwater staff plan to work on a
media campaign in FY2022 to address sediment pollution sources in the Third Fork Creek
watershed.
Table 11.26 Public education and outreach measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Area Impacted or
Projected
Implementation
Pollutant(s)
Number of People
Implementation
Status
Description of Measure
Targeted
Reached
Timeline
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the public to
Sediment
To be determined
2019-2024
Staff held planning
take specific actions that reduce sources of
meetings in
sediment and turbidity through the City's website,
November 2020 and
online videos (e.g. YouTube), social media accounts,
April 2021
Waterways newsletter, CWEP handouts, and other
methods.
11.1.12 Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Third Fork Creek watershed have generally revolved
around the watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to
the TMDL Response Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table
11.27.
Table 11.27 Public participation and involvement measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Area Impacted
Implementati
or Number of
Projected
on Status
People
Implementation
Description of Measure
Purpose
Reached
Timeline
Implement an Adopt -a -Drain
Encourages residents to participate in
303 drains
2019-2024
Implemented in
program
removing sediment, leaves, and trash
adopted
March 2019 and
from the street gutter near and around
currently ongoing
storm drain grates.
11.1.13 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the
Stormwater Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division.
The IDDE program is instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of sediment, especially from
construction sites that disturb less than 12,000 square feet of land.
As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.28 lists the new IDDE measure that is planned in Third
Fork Creek. The City's Stormwater Quality Unit will develop a routine stream -walk program that will be
aimed at identifying and eliminating more sources of sediment and turbidity in Northeast Creek.
'-A

Table 11.28 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Third Fork
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementatio
Result
Implementatio
n Status
n Timeline
Routine stream -walk program to target the
Number of sediment-
To be
2019-2024
Staff held a
main stem and tributaries with historically
related investigations
determined
planning meeting
higher incidences of illicit discharges. Also,
conducted
in June 2021.
inspect and assess stream bank erosion.
Number of stream miles
To be
walked
determined
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Third Fork Creek watershed and relating to
sediment/turbidity impairments were nearly double that of the previous year. The categories most
likely to affect sediment or turbidity levels in the creek are summarized below.
Table 11.29 Third Fork Creek illicit discharge investigations related to in -stream turbidity
Reporting Period
Erosion & Sediment Control
Yard Wastes
Paint
Illicit Mobile Car Washes
Total
2020-2021
5
5
2
0
12
2019-2020
6
0
1
0
7
2018-2019
13
2
2
0
17
2017-2018
32
2
1
0
35
2016-2017
10
11
0
0
21
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE
component of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely
to be obscured by vegetation. Outfall screening was performed in the Third Fork Creek Watershed, in
the Cape Fear River Basin, during the 2010-2011, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-
2018, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021 reporting years. Table 11.30 shows the outfall screening activity
that has occurred in Third Fork Creek since the TMDL Response Plan was finalized in 2019. A map of
2020-2021 outfall screening in Third Fork Creek is available below as Figure 11.2. During this
screening period, an area centered on City Hall with a 1.5-mile radius was targeted for screening.
Outfall screening was conducted between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., as our team
specifically wanted to test the theory that dry weather sewage discharges would be more common
during these hours of increased domestic water use. Screening did not generate any investigation
leads during this session.
Table 11.30 Third Fork Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting Period
Activity during Reporting Period
2020-2021
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between October 2020 and February
2021. A total of 47 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
2019-2020
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between October 2019 and February
2020. A total of 50 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2018-2019
No outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
93

Public ROW outfalls N Mappreparedbystormvoter&clSS--,Dept .ufpablic
A wa orks, oses sn 215ept-202D. Int—t- aepidld is br reference
Storm Sewersheds 0.25 0.125 U 925 Mlles pPon ly enco m d is piledf—th enbae9 ova Il ble
s. The', of',mI ass responsiblllri br
TargetArea orser sing from the use or m'suse ofthls m ap.
Figure 11.2 Map of outfalls selected within a 1.5-mile radius of City Hall in downtown Durham during the 2019-
2020 screening season. The area shown on the map includes outfalls selected for dry weather screening
within three watersheds, including Third Fork Creek.
a

11.1.14 Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
The Durham County Stormwater & Erosion Control Division routinely inspects privately -funded
construction sites with greater than 12,000 square feet of disturbed land. The County Stormwater &
Erosion Control Division also has procedures to list sites that are not in compliance with local and
state erosion control requirements and issue notices of violation as needed.
Table 11.31 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures currently implemented in Third Fork
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Implementation
Result
Status
Conduct monthly inspections on privately -funded construction
Number of active projects
57
Ongoing
sites. Promptly issue violations for off -site sediment
discharges from active construction sites.
Number of inspections
189
Ongoing
Number of NOVs
1
Ongoing
Disturbed land must be stabilized with ground cover, devices,
Number of sites not in
18
Ongoing
or structures sufficient to restrain erosion as described in the
compliance
City -County Unified Development Ordinance (Section
12.10.4(B)).
The planned measures for construction site runoff control in Third Fork Creek are shown below in
Table 11.32. Increasing the frequency of sediment and erosion control inspections in Third Fork
Creek requires increased funding of the County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to create
more inspection positions. The Erosion Control Supervisor position was filled in 2021 which allows
the County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to work towards increasing the frequency of
sediment and erosion control inspections and enforcement. The Stormwater & Erosion Control
Division has three staff members monitoring construction sites full-time with two other staff
members assisting with inspections at 15% of the sites. City and County staff held a meeting in June
2021 to discuss ideas for tracking and implementing the measure to increase sediment and erosion
inspections and enforcement. The other planned measures for construction site runoff control will
require coordination between the City's Stormwater Quality Unit and the County's Stormwater &
Erosion Control Division as well as the approval to change City code and the Unified Development
Ordinance.
Table 11.32 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures planned in Third Fork
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementation
Result
Implementation
Status
Timeline
More frequent sediment & erosion inspections
Number of active
To be
2024-2034
Staff held a planning
and enforcement.
projects
determined
meeting in June
2021.
Number of
To be
inspections
determined
Number of NOVs
To be
determined
Promote the use of flocculants in drainage
Number of guidance
To be
2019-2024
Staff held a planning
ditches on construction sites to settle out
handouts
determined
meeting in June
sediment and solids. Create a one -page handout
distributed
2021.
about flocculent guidance or update current
construction handout to include guidance on the
use of flocculants.
95

Table 11.32 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures planned in Third Fork
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementation
Result
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Change City code to grant authority for the City's
Number of stop-
To be
2024-2029
Staff held a planning
Public Works Department to issue a "stop -work
work orders issued
determined
meeting in June
order" for small construction sites that are not in
2021.
compliance with required sediment and erosion
control practices.
11.1.15 Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Third Fork Creek watershed for many years
due to the water supply watershed program. The Third Fork Creek TMDL for turbidity is expressed as
TSS concentration. The current stormwater ordinance requires all City of Durham new development
projects triggering applicability to provide TSS reduction for runoff from all impervious surfaces for
developments >24% impervious, and in low -density developments where runoff is piped. The North
Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the
nutrient and total suspended solids reductions attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina. The
previous standard of 85% TSS removal has been replaced by performance standards of Primary and
Secondary SCMs described in the North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document.
As of June 30, 2021, there were approximately 90 known SCMs maintained in the Third Fork Creek
watershed, including dry ponds, wet ponds, and bioretention areas. Infiltration devices and those
SCMs that allow settling are considered to have the highest ability to remove total suspended solids.
A map of SCMs in the Third Fork Creek watershed is provided in Figure 11.3 below.
Table 11.33 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Third Fork Creek
Watershed constructed to serve new development
SCM type
Number in the
Third Fork Creek
Watershed
TSS Removal
Bioretention area
10
Primary
Constructed wetland
5
Primary
Dry pond
15
Secondary
Filterra/StormFilter/Inlet Filter
7
Primary(a)
Level spreader
3
Secondary
Rain Water Harvesting
1
Primary
Sand Filter
14
Primary
Silva Cell
1
Primary(a)
Underground storage
18
N/A
Wet pond
16
Primary
Tota 1
90
(a) Assumes similar removal as filtration devices.
Projects located in the Third Fork Creek watershed that were approved during the reporting year are
listed below in Table 11.34. A summary of compliance and enforcement notices issued during the
reporting year to private SCM owners for the Third Fork Creek watershed is listed below in Table
11.35.

Table 11.34 List of All Projects Approved in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Project Name
SCM Type Approved
Pinecrest
Permeable Pavement
518 Morehead
Permeable Pavement
NCCU P3 Student Housing - George St. Amendment - D2000098
Previously reported - Exempt Project
510 E Pettigrew Apartments Amendment - D2000170
Previously reported - Underground Detention and
Stormfilter
RCC Development Amendment - D2000207
Previously reported - 2 Wet Ponds
300 East Main Street - D2000080 -Jordan
Exempt Project'
Venable Center - Multi -Family (Amendment) - D2000217
Previously reported - Stormfilter and Underground
Detention
Checkers (D2000220)
Exempt Project'
RCC 3A and 5 Development - D2000229
Previously reported - 2 Wet Ponds
Durham Gateway Amendment
Previously reported - Stormfilter and Underground
Detention
Holy Infant Catholic Church Amendment 1- D2000290
Previously reported - Constructed Wetland
602 S. Alston Avenue - D2000236
Unspecified2
Duke Street Seniors - D2000115
Exempt Project'
Carolina Reserve Building Addition - D1900119
Existing Wet Pond - Exempt Project
RCC Development Site Plan Amendment 2 - D2100023
Previously reported - 2 Wet Ponds
NCCU School of Business - D2000230
Wet Pond
Harriet's Place - D2100049
Exempt Project
Hope Valley Country Club - Facility 1(D2000308)
Exempt Project'
Hope Valley Country club Facilities Additions (D2000256)
Exempt Project'
Kress Condominiums
Exempt Project'
Durham Amtrak Station Improvements D2100082
Exempt Project'
Chase Bank Southpoint Crossing- D2100067
I Exempt Project'
Cristo Rey Research Triangle High School - D21001281
Exempt Project'
Student U - D21000541
Exempt Project'
'Project did not trigger SCM requirements.
2SCM types are often unspecified within site plans yet specified/detailed within construction drawings; however, some site
plans are submitted with construction drawings and are reviewed concurrently.
Table 11.35 Summary of Compliance/Enforcement Notices for SCMs in the Third Fork Creek
watershed.
Type of Enforcement Action
Number of SCMs
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
42
Notices of Breach
8
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
0
The planned measures for post -construction stormwater management are aimed at reducing
streambank scour, promoting the use of green infrastructure for privately funded and City -funded
construction projects, and investigating the development of slope protection regulations for natural
and managed areas. These measures will require coordination between the City's Stormwater
Development Review Group and the City -County Planning Department, time to research how to
implement the measures, and approvals from City Council and the County Commissioners to revise
City code and the Unified Development Ordinance. The planned measures are listed below in Table
11.36.
97

Table 11.36 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Third Fork
Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementatio
Result
Implementation
n Status
Timeline
Investigate highly effective channel protection
To be
To be
2019-2024
Staff are scheduled
methods to reduce streambank scour including
determined
determined
to meet in October
stream channel protection volume (CPV) measures.
2021 to discuss
this measure.
Explore strategies to promote greater use of green
To be
To be
2024-2029
Staff held a
infrastructure to complement traditional SCMs &
determined
determined
planning meeting in
BMPs in the City's post -construction stormwater
May 2021.
management efforts.
(A) For development and planning, designate
UDO
Section 8.8
2024-2029
Staff held a
slopes as Preserved (natural areas >25% slope)
amendments
(Steep Slope
planning meeting in
and Man-made (managed areas >25%). (B)
approved and
Protection
May 2021. Staff
Eliminate 50% slope (2:1) allowance. Steep slope
implemented
Standards) of
began researching
violation, encroachment clarification in the Unified
the UDO was
local steep slope
Development Ordinance.
amended in
protections
August 2019.
standards in
FY2021.
The City prepared a Strategic Plan which, in part, seeks to "Create a More Sustainable Durham"
through the increased use of green infrastructure. Through the Strategic Plan, the City formed a
workgroup to evaluate how best to promote greater use of green infrastructure. Research of similarly
sized municipalities in this region was conducted to determine what programs are already being
implemented. This research determined that the City of Raleigh has an active program for the
promotion of green infrastructure. Raleigh officials were consulted on the successes and pitfalls of
their green infrastructure promotion program and that information has been compiled for future
evaluation. Also, another workgroup was formed to research stream channel protection methods
that have proven effective in minimizing streambank erosion prevalent in urban streams. This
research is ongoing and a draft of the group's findings is in preparation.
The City -County Planning Department amended Section 8.8 (Steep Slope Protection Standards) of
the Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) in August 2019. The UDO Steep Slope Protection
Standards are available online at https://durham.municii)al.codes/UDO/8.8.3. Although steep slope
protections were added to Section 8.8 of the UDO, the 2019 text amendments are not as protective
as the TMDL Response Plan measure for steep slope protections. However, if grading or
encroachment in protected steep slope areas occurs, the City -County Planning Department issues a
zoning violation and works with the County Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to enforce the
steep slope violation. In FY2021, a workgroup was formed to research the standards in neighboring
municipalities in this region to protect steep slopes in order to improve the quality of watercourses
below the steep slope from increased sedimentation. This research is also ongoing and a draft of the
group's findings is in preparation.

? PERSDN
l i EIlerbe Creek City of G 1ANVILLE
Durham
Headwaters
New Hope ;,, RAN E
Creek RG � 6lJRHAM
Third For
ill! �r Creek
CS RG cr :%
� RG c
Rc J V AKE
RG CHATHAM
RG Third
RG RG Forfk Creek
RG RG
MG_
RG 1
CW
RG °"` Northeast
Creek
Stirrup
rx�
Iron
CW RG
Creek
City Limits i Bioretention Area 0 0.5 1 2
Research Triangle Park ow Constructed Wetland Miles
County Boundary Dry Pond
=Third Fork Creek Watershed FilterralSilva Cell N
Watersh eds
�• Level Spreader
Streams Permeable Pavement
0 Cistern
� Rain Harvesting System
av Constructed Wetland SandFilter- Underground Map prepared by Stormwate r & G IS
Cr Conservation Easement Services, Department of Public Works on
Sand Filter 811312021. Information depicted isfor
GR Green Roof StarmFilter reference purposes only & compiled from
® Pervious Pavement best available sources_ The Cityof
Underground Storage Durham/Durham County assumes no
Rain Garden # Wet Pond responsibility for errors arising from use or
Regenerative StormwaterCanveyance misuse ofthis map_
(10 Stream Restoration
Figure 11.3. Stormwater Control Measures and Stormwater Retrofits located within the Third Fork Creek
watershed in the City of Durham.
99

11.1.16 Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department has a city-wide street sweeping program that helps remove sediment,
leaves, and other debris from the street curb and gutter. City-wide street sweeping results are
reported in Section 8 of this annual report; however, the tracking methods are currently being
developed for determining the number of street miles swept within the Third Fork Creek watershed.
For FY2021, the number of street miles swept within the Third Fork Creek watershed is reported as a
percentage of the total street miles swept within the City limits. The total street miles swept within
the City limits was 24,711 miles. City -maintained roads within the Third Fork Creek watershed are
20.68% (163.86 miles) of all City -maintained roads (792.2 miles). Using the assumption that street
sweeping routes were completed an equal number of times, approximately 5,110.2 street miles
were swept within the Third Fork Creek watershed. The Public Works Department's plan to install
and test automatic vehicle locator (AVL) hardware on street sweeping vehicles has been delayed by
the COVID-19 pandemic in FY2021. The AVL technology will likely provide more accurate street
sweeping data; however, the data from the AVL hardware will not be available for reporting until the
2022 fiscal year.
The Public Works Department also inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater
drainage system. Public Works staff have developed methods for tracking the number of assets
(catch basins, channels, and pipes) associated with work orders for stormwater inspection and
maintenance activities that occur in the Third Fork Creek watershed. The Water Management
Department implements field protocols for containing and removing sediment that is discharged to
the street during and after a City water line leak or break. Water Management staff have developed
methods for tracking the number of closed work orders for water line repairs and replacement
occurrences located in the Third Fork Creek watershed. The metric results for the measures in Table
11.37 are reported for the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Table 11.37 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently implemented in the Third Fork
Creek watershed
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Status
City-wide street sweeping program (including Third Fork Creek).
Number of street
5,110.2
Ongoing
curb miles swept
Remove sediment from clogged storm drains before flushing storm
Number of assets
245 (138 catch
Ongoing
drains which prevents more sediment from being released into a
associated with
basins, 0
nearby stream.
closed work orders
channels, and 107
pipes)
Conduct routine inspections and maintenance of stormwater catch
Number of assets
245 (82 catch
Ongoing
basins.
associated with
basins, 0
closed work orders
channels, and 163
pipes)
Conduct site inspections monthly and conduct lot sweeping 1-2
Number of
8
Ongoing
times per month or as needed at the Public Works Operation Center
inspections'
(PWOC). Regularly check and replace sediment control bags in
stormwater catch basins at PWOC.
Number of times
7
Ongoing
the PWOC lot was
swept
Adherence to field crew protocols for sweeping and shoveling
Number of closed
18
Ongoing
sediment in the street and curb gutter during and after street water
work orders
line repair work to prevent sediment from entering storm drains.
100

Table 11.37 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently implemented in the Third Fork
Creek watershed
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Status
'The number of PWOC site inspections listed above represents the inspections by Public Works Operations staff. PWOC is also inspected
quarterly by Stormwater Quality staff as part of permit compliance with Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations (Section 8 of this annual report).
The planned measures for pollution prevention and good housekeeping are outlined below in Table
11.38. Increasing the frequency of street sweeping in the Third Fork Creek watershed will require
funding for more staff and more street sweepers, which means the measure could take up to 15
years (3 permit cycles) to implement. Allocating funds to purchase storm drain protection supplies
for Public Works field crews is projected to be implemented within the next 3 years.
Table 11.38 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures planned in Third
Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Projected
Implementation
Result
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Increase street sweeping frequency in the Third
To be determined
To be
2024-2034
Staff held a planning
Fork Creek watershed.
determined
meeting in March
2021.
Purchase and supply Public Works Operations
Number of storm
To be
2019-2024
Staff held a planning
Division field staff with the materials they need to
drain protection
determined
meeting in March
protect storm drains during maintenance work in
supplies purchased
2021.
the street.
11.1.17 Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the
NPDES six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are
grouped by the City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures.
Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting is the only additional program with measures
(implemented and planned) that apply to the Third Fork Creek TMDL Response Plan.
11.1.18 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated
into the Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the Phase II minimum measures, this
program does provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks. The two planned
measures shown below in Table 11.39 involve performing additional streambank stabilization and
restoration projects and constructing SCMs that address TSS.
101

Table 11.39 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting measures planned in Third
Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Implementation
Status
Timeline
Perform additional streambank stabilization
Number of
1
2029-2034
For FY2021, a
and restoration.
projects planned
streambank
stabilization project is
in the design phase.
Number of
0
projects
completed
Review Third Fork Watershed Improvement
Number of SCMs
To be determined
2024-2029
Staff held a planning
Plan (WIP) and implement the construction of
planned for
meeting in May
SCMs identified in the WIP that address TSS.
construction
2021.
Number of SCMs
To be determined
constructed
Stream stabilization projects are described below:
Lakewood Avenue stream stabilization project - Currently in the design phase, this project is a
collaboration with the Public Works and Water Management departments. The project will
stabilize three reaches of Third Fork Creek and an unnamed tributary, a total of
approximately 1,640 LF of stream stabilization. The Chesapeake Bay Protocol
1 methodology was used for sediment and nutrient reduction estimates. Preliminary
calculations estimate that approximately 55 tons/year of sediment will be prevented from
entering Third Fork Creek and an unnamed tributary. Total nitrogen reduction is estimated to
be 100 Ibs/yr and total phosphorous reduction is estimated to be 25 Ibs/yr. Other benefits
include increased wildlife habitat through the construction of instream structures and
native plantings in riparian areas. The construction of Phase 1(Area 2) will coincide with the
Water Management Department's sewer replacement which is anticipated to go to bid in the
fall of 2021. Phase 2 (Areas 1 and 3) is currently at the approximately 60% design phase.
The construction schedule will be determined as the design gets closer to completion.
Table 11.40 lists the retrofits in the Third Fork Creek Watershed that are currently tracked by
Watershed Planning staff in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.40. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork Creek Watershed
SCM type
Number in the Third Fork Creek
Watershed
TSS Removal
Cistern
15
n/a
Conservation Easement
5
0 - 35% (a)
Constructed Wetland
2
85%
Green Roof
1
0%
Permeable Pavement
1
70 - 85%
Rain Garden
34
85% (b)
102

Table 11.40. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork Creek Watershed
Number in the Third Fork Creek
SCM type
TSS Removal
Watershed
Regenerative Stormwater
1
75% (c)
Conveyance
Stream Restoration
4
60% (d)
Total
63
(a) Assumes similar removal as a grassed swale
(b) Assumes similar removal as infiltration devices.
(c) Assumes similar removal as infiltration and sedimentation devices.
www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater, 2014. Cizek, A., RSC Performance Results
(d) Assumes similar removal as riparian buffers.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed
Planning staff in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.41 Retrofit projects in the Third Fork Creek watershed
Project
Implementation
Description of Project
Area Treated
FY2021 Project Update
Name
Date
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham Soil
6,054 sci ft (Total area
2014
No SCMs completed in FY2021.
SCMs in the City
and Water Conservation District to fund
treated for project. Area
There are a few proposed
of Durham
SCMs using the CCAP program. Annual
treated in Third Fork
projects in TFC that may be
inspections of each device installed under
Creek to be determined)
installed during FY2022.
this contract will continue.
Other non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting are
described below:
Stream Bank Erosion Monitoring Study - Project to determine Durham -specific stream erosion
rates using bank pins. Six years of monitoring have been completed and several sites are
located in Third Fork Creek. The final monitoring occurred in December 2020. A subgroup of
four sites was selected for the evaluation of erosion rates using the root
dend rogeo morphology method. This methodology uses measurements and observations of
growth rings from tree roots exposed in an eroded stream bank to determine a site -specific
rate of erosion. The final technical memorandum was completed in March 2021 as part of
the New Hope Creek & Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan.
Stream Vegetation Management Contract (SP-2019-02) - This contract involves the
management of invasive vegetation in conservation easements associated with stream
projects. The conservation easement at Forest Hills Park that is part of the 2005 stream
restoration of Third Fork Creek will continue through 2021. The contract is expected to be re -
advertised for another 3-year term starting in 2022.
Property Reviews and Retrofit Evaluations - Staff perform feasibility reviews of properties offered
to the City for sale, donation, or acquisition. These reviews evaluate each property for
opportunities to address watershed -specific concerns, such as turbidity in Third Fork Creek,
by installing a stormwater control measure, restoring or stabilizing a stream channel, or
recommending best management practices. For FY2021, nine parcels in the Third Fork
Creek watershed were reviewed. Five of the parcels were offered for sale to the City;
however, none of the parcels were recommended for stream restoration or SCM retrofit
projects.
103

11.1.19 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring/ Water Quality Status
The turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek is unusual because turbidity violations were the reason for
listing the creek on the state 303(d) list, while the TMDL is expressed in terms of the load of total
suspended solids. The TMDL assumes that in meeting the total suspended solids target load the
turbidity violations will decrease to an acceptable level. The City of Durham tracks both turbidity and
total suspended solids loads in Third Fork Creek to evaluate compliance with both the TMDL and the
water quality standard for turbidity.
The City of Durham has seven water quality monitoring stations in Third Fork Creek, although only
one station is monitored every year for TMDL compliance monitoring. For previous annual reports,
TSS concentration data from the City's monitoring station at Highway 751 (TFO.OTC) and the UCFRBA
monitoring station at Highway 54 (133025000) have been used to estimate annual TSS loads. After
reviewing monitoring locations with the US Geological Survey (USGS), the City decided to discontinue
use of the monitoring station at Highway 751 for load calculation. In 2018, a new City monitoring
station was established upstream at Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC), which is also co -located with a
USGS discharge gage (02097280). As a result, all load estimations in this report will differ from all
reports before the FY2019 annual report, in some years significantly.
The UCFRBA monitoring station at Highway 54 (133025000) is the nearest downstream road crossing
to TFI.OTC at Woodcroft Parkway. The Highway 54 monitoring station is the TMDL compliance point.
The acceptable criterion at the compliance point is no more than 10% of the turbidity data in a five-
year period exceeding the water quality standard of 50 NTU. Evaluating turbidity on an annual basis
since 2010, turbidity levels have exceeded the water quality standard in more than 10% of samples
during four years. During this period, the stream bank along the Third Fork Creek trail collapsed and
restoration occurred. This may affect turbidity concentrations as well as annual loads. For the
previous five years (2016 through 2020), the turbidity levels exceeded the water quality standard in
12% of samples (7 out of 59 samples). Table 11.42 summarizes annual results for turbidity since
2010 at the UCFRBA monitoring location.
Table 11.42 UCFRBA Turbidity Results (NTU) at Highway 54
Calendar Year
Median
Maximum
Percent of Samples >
50 NTU
2020
17.3
80.5
8%
2019
10.7
39.5
0%
2018
32.5
230
36%
2017
14.6
90
8%
2016
14.6
228
25%
2015
16.7
66
8%
2014
32.45
80.1
0%
2013
25.9
101
25%
2012
13.65
43.4
25%
20111
17.351
170
8%
20101
20.31
95.4
8%
Loads of TSS are calculated annually using the USGS load estimation program LOADEST (Mod4.8,
March 2013). For this TMDL Response Plan update, loads for the past five years (2016 through
2020) were calculated using the UCFRBA monitoring data at Highway 54 (B3025000) and the City's
monitoring data at Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC). Since the City established TFI.OTC in 2018, the
UCFRBA monitoring data were used to calculate TSS loads for years 2016 and 2017, and monitoring
data for B3025000 and TFI.OTC were used to calculate TSS loads for 2018 through 2020.
Estimates of the mean monthly load are provided by LOADEST, including the upper and lower 95%
confidence limits on the mean monthly load. These were used to estimate the mean annual load and
the 95% confidence limits on that load. These load estimates were compared to the TMDL load of
104

547,500 pounds/year. Table 11.43 shows estimates of TSS loads. The difference between the
estimated mean TSS load for 2020 (4,639,937 pounds) and the TMDL annual load (547,500
pounds) is 4,092,437 pounds. City water quality monitoring data continues to be available on the
water quality web portal (durhamwaterquality.or ).
Table 11.43 Estimates of TSS Load (pounds) at the Compliance Point
Calendar Year
Mean Annual Load
95% Confidence Limits on Annual Loads
Lower
Upper
2020
4,639,937
1,592,122
10,833,358
2019
2,339,729
827,785
5,403,992
2018
7,728,944
1,917,344
22,041,785
2017
4,961,102
1,030,286
15,309,588
2016
7,345,114
1,695,499
21,570,984
105