A4_NCS000249 Durham NPDES Annual Report FY2020

PUBLIC WORKS
CITY OF DURHAM
ANNUAL REPORT
CITY OF DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA
NPDES MUNICIPAL STORMWATER PERMIT
Permit Number NCS000249
July 1, 2019 - JUNE 30, 2020
Prepared by City of Durham, Public Works Department
Stormwater and GIS Services Division
Certification
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system,
or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations.
,G
Marvin G. Williams
Director of Public Works

Table of Contents
1.
Introduction and Highlights..............................................................................................................................4
2.
Program Implementation.................................................................................................................................
5
2.1 Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2019..........................................................................................................
5
2.2 Capital Improvement Program(CIP)...........................................................................................................13
3.
Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts...........................................................................16
3.1 Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences...............................................................................................17
3.2 Informational Website.................................................................................................................................17
3.3 Distribution of materials to target groups..................................................................................................17
3.4 Promote hotline............................................................................................................................................18
3.5 Education and Outreach Program..............................................................................................................18
4.
Public Involvement and Participation
20
5.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program........................................................................21
5.1 Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities......................................................................................................22
5.2 Maintain a Storm Water System Base Map...............................................................................................22
5.3 Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in Targeted Areas .........
22
5.4 Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE Program......................................25
5.5 Reporting Mechanisms................................................................................................................................25
5.6 Documentation............................................................................................................................................26
6.
Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Program............................................................................................34
7.
Development and Re -development Program Post -Construction Program Site Runoff Controls...............42
7.1 Post Construction Stormwater Management Program..............................................................................43
7.2 Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate for the MS4....................44
7.3 Deed Restrictions and Covenants..............................................................................................................44
7.4 Operation and Maintenance Plan...............................................................................................................44
7.5 Educational Materials and Training for Developers..................................................................................46
Otheritems of interest.......................................................................................................................................47
Highlightsfor the coming year...........................................................................................................................47
8.
Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations...................................................49
8.1 Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations.......................................................................................50
8.2 Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations...........................................................50
8.3 Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations.................................................50
8.4 Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations.........................................................52
2

8.5 Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas used for vehicle and
equipmentcleaning............................................................................................................................................53
8.6 Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance.................................................................................53
8.7 Operation and Maintenance (0&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned storm sewer system (including
catch basins, the conveyance system, and structural stormwater controls).................................................53
8.8 Staff training.................................................................................................................................................54
9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems.................62
9.1 Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities.............................................................................................62
9.2 Inspection Program......................................................................................................................................63
9.3 Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4................................................64
10. Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring...............................................................................................68
11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs........................................................................................................75
11.1 Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria................................................................................75
11.2 Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity.........................................................................................................88
Notice Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
The City of Durham does not discriminate against qualified individuals on the basis of disability. Citizens who
require an auxiliary aid or service for effective communications or assistance should contact the ADA
Coordinator at [phone] x21234, TTY [phone] or [e-mail].
3

1. Introduction and Highlights
The City of Durham is authorized to discharge stormwater runoff from the City's municipal separate storm
sewer system (MS4) by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit number
NCS000249, which was revised and renewed effective October 10, 2018, through October 9, 2023. The City
of Durham's Stormwater & GIS Services Division is the lead agency in carrying out the City's NPDES
municipal permit and the associated Stormwater Management Program, although other Programs,
Departments, and Divisions play integral roles. This annual report addresses permit requirements for fiscal
year (FY) 2020, July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020.
1.1.1 Summary of Significant Changes to the Stormwater Management Plan (SMP)
Stormwater & GIS Services will perform a general update of the SMP. Specific changes anticipated include
additional references to SOPs, modifications to post -construction procedures (which may be in SOPs), and
updates of the Illicit Discharge and Assessment and Monitoring sections.
1.1.2 Selected Permit Highlights
■ On Sunday, March 8, City employees received notice of a malware attack on the Durham city and county
computer systems. This malware attack affected all network servers, storage devices, and individual
computers. Full restoration of computer and telephone systems was not completed for several weeks.
Connections to databases and specialized software, e.g., ArcGIS, has occurred by remoting into computers with
the designated software.
■ In response to growing concern about COVIDI9, the City of Durham Mayor issued a Stay -at -Home Order for all
city residents and employees that became effective March 26, 2020. For city employees, this meant
temporarily suspending non -essential operations (as recommended by the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure
Security Agency or CISA). Of the programs included in this report, the industrial and municipal inspections
programs were most affected by the Stay -at -Home orders from the Mayor and the Governor.
■ On June 1, 2020, the City Council approved a new budget for the FY2021 fiscal year that included a
stormwater fee rate increase. The annual increase ranges from $2.88 for Tier 1 Residential to $12.00 for Tier
3 Residential. All non-residential stormwater fees would increase by $6.00 per ERU (= 2,400 square feet of
impervious surface).
1.1.3 Other Highlights (Voluntary Activities)
■ The City continues to actively participate in the Upper Neuse River Basin Association (UNRBA). During the
reporting period, the UNRBA finalized a concept for the Interim Alternative Implementation Approach (IAIA),
performed watershed and lake water quality modeling, and held a forum for elected officials and city/county
management to learn about the progress of the Association and next steps.
■ The City also participates in the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association and Jordan Lake stakeholder groups,
including the Nutrient Science Advisory Board (NSAB) and Jordan Lake One Water. The City of Durham is a
founding member of the NSAB and continues to send staff to meetings and to review work products. City
employees also regularly attend the Jordan Lake One Water meetings to work with other communities to
develop a path to implement Jordan Lake nutrient reductions.
■ Work continued on the New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan. New Hope and Little
Creeks are both in the Jordan Lake watershed of the Cape Fear River Basin. In FY2020, contractors completed
desktop and field visits of sites for potential new Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs) and stream walks to
evaluate riparian areas and streambank conditions. Preliminary watershed water quality modeling has also
been completed. The next steps include using the modeling tools to develop watershed restoration goals,
preliminary plans, and preliminary construction plans for stormwater projects.
An

2. Program Implementation
■ The City's organization chart is presented in Figure 2.1 below.
■ An updated organizational chart for the Public Works Department is provided in Figure 2.2 below. The chart
has not changed since FY2O19.
■ Table 2.1 provides an updated list of key personnel.
2.1 Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2019
■ The City continues to provide adequate capital and operating funds through a stormwater utility to implement
the City's stormwater program. Legal restrictions on the use of these funds are set out in NC Session Law
2000-70 which modified the legal uses of stormwater utility funds to include programs required by an NPDES
permit.
■ On June 1, 2020, the City Council approved a new budget for the FY2O21 fiscal year that included a
stormwater fee rate increase. The annual increase ranges from $2.88 for Tier 1 Residential to $12.00 for Tier
3 Residential. All non-residential stormwater fees would increase by $6.00 per ERU (= 2,400 square feet of
impervious surface).
■ For FY2O21, City Council approved a total City operating budget of $502.6 million budget, including $17
million for stormwater management.
■ Authorized positions funded by the Stormwater Utility Fund remained unchanged, as shown at the top of Table
2.2.
■ The stormwater operating budget adopted for FY2O21 is shown in the lower part of Table 2.2. The authorized
Stormwater Management Fund operating budget for FY2O21 provides for appropriations of $ 17,326,378.
■ A summary of the Stormwater Capital Projects Budget provides cumulative funding in Table 2.3.
5

Figure 2.1 Organizational chart of City of Durham Departments
Fiaure 2.1
Mayorand
--------- - ---_- City Council
I
City of Durham
city
Attorney
city
Clerk
Departments
Organization Chart
City
II r Manager
I
_ AudR
Offlce of
Refer to Table 2.1 Key
Personnel Contacts for
names of key personnel.
Services I
Public Affairs
Administrative & Support
Deputy City Manager
Budget &
Management
Services
Equal Opportunity
& Equity
Assurance
Finance
Department
(Purchasing)
Human
71
Resource
Technology
Solutions
(GIS)
Operations
Deputy City Manager
CitylCounty
Emergency
Management
Fire
Department
(H�anap
General
Services
icty consrru,u�oni
Parks and
Recreation
Police
Public
Department
Works
M10--ur,
Solid Waste
Management
Flael
Water
Management
Management
See Figure 2,2
For Public Works
OtU Charl
County Line Department
Community Building
Deputy City Manager
CitylCounty
Inspecfions
Department
CitylCounty
Planning
Department
Community
Development
Transponation
Uconomic &
Workforce
evelopment
Neighborhood
Improvement
Services
n.

Figure 2.2 City of Durham Public Works Department (222 FTEs) (Stormwater Functions Shaded)
Asst. Director
Engineering Services
Engineering
Design, Survey &
Utility Locate
Contract
Management
Development
Review &
Engineering
Services
Inspections
Director of Public Works
Office of the Director
Business Services Manager
Executive Assistant 1--H ❑perat ions & Safety
Asst. Director Asst. Director
Stormwater & G IS Maintenance Operations
Figure 2-2. City of Durham
Public Works Department
Stormwater
Functions Shaded
GIS/Stormwater Inventory Control
Billing
Maintenance
Water Quality Administration
Stormwater
Street &
Development
Stormwater
Review
Maintenance
Stormwater
Street
Infrastructure
Maintenance
Watershed
Street Cleaning
Planning&
Implementation
Stormwater
Maintenance
Concrete
Maintenance
Special Projects
7

Figure 2.3 City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater & GIS Division
52 FTEs,
2 Admin
14 GIS / SW Billing
4 Special Projects
10 SW Dev Review
12 Water Quality
10 Infrastructure
Billing &GIS Infrastructure Watersheds Development Water Quality
Manager Manager Manager Review Manager
Mana er
Bus System Bus System Bus System Sr Bus System Principal Principal Principal Engineering Administrative Public Info & Env Plan & Assist. WQ
Admin Admin Admin- Analyst En ineer En sneer Engineer * Sr Engineer Manager Coord Engineer Comm Analyst Comp Analyst Manager
Y g g g () g Y Y g
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System Engineering Sr Engineer r. Engineenn Sr Engineer Public Info & Principal Engineering Env Plan & Sr Env Plan & Env PI
Analyst Analyst Specialist Specialist Inspector Comm Analyst Engineer Specialist Comp Coord Comp Analyst Comp P
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System Engineering Engineering Sr Env Plan & Principal Engineering Env Plan & Er
Analyst Coord Specialist Tech Inspector Comp Analyst Engineer Tech. Comp Coord Co
Bus System Bus System Bus System Env Plan &
En sneer Comp
Er
Analyst Specialist Specialist g p Co
Specialist
Principal Er
(* Position shared between Stormwater Development Review and Infrastructure)
9

Table 2.1 Key Personnel Contacts
City Manager - Wanda Page (acting)
Assistant to the City Manager - Karmisha Wallace
Durham One Call - Contact Center Manager - Vacant
Deputy City Manager, Administrative & Support - Wanda Page
Deputy City Manager, Community Building - Keith Chadwell
Deputy City Manager, Operations -William Bowman "Bo" Ferguson
Public Works Director- Marvin G. Williams
Assistant Director, Engineering Services - Tasha Johnson
Assistant Director, Street Maintenance - Phillip Powell
Superintendent of Street Maintenance - Terrence King
Safety Officer - Barbara Aaron
Street Maintenance Administrative Analyst - Trudy Boehm
Stormwater Maintenance Supervisors - John Sandin and James Fennell
Street Cleaning Supervisor - Benita Quick
Street Maintenance Supervisor - Charles Brown
Concrete Maintenance Supervisor - Jeffrey Johnson and Luis Santiago
Assistant Director, Stormwater & GIS Services - Paul Wiebke
Stormwater Billing & GIS Administrator - Edward Cherry
Stormwater Billing Unit Manager - Carmen Murphy
Stormwater Development Review Manager - Shea Bolick
SCM Maintenance Program Coordinator - Bill Hailey
Stormwater Infrastructure Manager - Dana Hornkohl
Drainage and Floodplain Civil Engineer - Graham Summerson
Stormwater Infrastructure Civil Engineer - Greg Smith
Water Quality Manager - Michelle Woolfolk
Assistant Water Quality Manager - J.V. Loperfido
Water Quality Analyst (Monitoring) - Joseph Smith
Pollution Prevention Coordinator - Emily Rhode
Water Quality Analyst (Investigations and Inspections) - James Azarelo
Watershed Planning and Implementation Engineer -Sandra Wilbur
Stormwater Public Education Coordinator - Laura Smith
Genera/ Services Director - J i n a P ro pst
Division Manager of Art, Cultural and Sustainable Communities- Stacey Poston
Energy and Sustainability Analyst, Paul Cameron
Division Manager of Project Management - Henri Prosperi
Assistant Director of Facilities Operations - Kevin Lilley
Urban Forestry Manager - Alexander Johnson
Keep Durham Beautiful, Inc. Executive Director - Tania Dautlick
Parks and Recreation Director -Wade Walcutt, Director
Assistant Director, Park Planning, Maintenance and Athletics - Thomas Dawson
Parks Superintendent - Robert Jennings
Assistant Director, Park Recreation Division - Jason Jones
Assistant Director, Administrative Division - Joy Guy
Water Management Director- Don Greeley
Assistant Director (Administration and Operations) - Vicki Westbrook
Water Resources Planning Manager - Sydney Miller
Environmental Programs Administrator - Reginald Hicks
Senior Public Affairs Specialist - Jennifer Smart
Industrial Waste Control Program Administrator - Gerald Tyrone Battle
E

Laboratory Manager - James Blake
Assistant Director (Plant Operations & Maintenance) - John Young
Assistant Director (System Maintenance) - Vacant
Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Junior Mobley
Assistant Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Tim Segard
Assistant Superintendent (Plant Operations & Maintenance) - Billy Hollowell
Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, North Durham WRF - John Dodson
Plant Supervisor NDWRF - Brian Merritt
Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, South Durham WRF - Charlie Cocker
Plant Supervisor SDWRF - Dirk Cartner
Superintendent, Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Steve Stewart
Superintendent, Lift Station Maintenance - Kenny Willard
Plant Lift Stations Supervisor, George Kepic
Water Supply and Treatment
Superintendent/ORC Williams Water Treatment Plant - Bobby Whisnant
Plant Supervisor Williams WTP - Daryll Kennedy
Superintendent/ORC Brown Water Treatment Plant - Tom Lucas
Plant Supervisor Brown WTP - Brian Thompson
Utility Engineering Supervisor - Jerry Morrone
System Rehabilitation Supervisor - Crystal Penton
Solid Waste Director- Donald Long
Assistant Director/Operations - Wayne Fenton
Sr. Assistant Solid Waste Manager/Operations - Carlos Lyons
Disposal Manager/Transfer Station - Dan Parker
Code Enforcement Officer - Mike Simpson, Supervisor
Fire Department -Fire Chief - Robert Zoldos
Deputy Fire Chief - Christopher lannuzzi
Assistant Chief of Planning and Administration - Brian Eaton
Hazardous Materials Team (HazMat)
Neighborhood Improvement Services Director- Constance Stancil
Housing Code Administrator - Faith Gardner
Nuisance Abatement Supervisor - Rudy Toledo
Impact Team Manager- Daryl Hedgspeth
Fleet Management Director- Joseph W. Clark
Fire Equipment Supervisor, William Painter
Transportation Director- Sean C. Egan, Director
Assistant Director, Technical Services - Bill Judge
City Traffic Engineer - Peter Nicholas
Sign Shop Supervisor - Danny Cochran, Sr.
Finance Director - David Boyd
Financial Operations Manager - Joyce Cooper
Business Services Manager, General Billing and Collections - Monte Evans
Durham County Sustainability Office - Tobin Fried, Manager
Durham City/County Planning Director - Sa ra Yo u ng, Acti ng
Development Services Center Manager - Pete Sullivan
Assistant Director of Planning - Sara Young
Zoning Administration Supervisor - Landus Robertson
Durham City/County Inspections - William E. (Gene) Bradham, Director
Assistant Director - Dana Inebnit
Chief Plumbing Inspector - Christian Baird
10

City -County Emergency Management, - Jim Groves, Fire Marshall
Emergency Management Division Chief - Leslie O'Connor
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) - David Marsee
ALERTDURHAM Emergency Notification System
County Departments and Divisions
Durham Soil and Water Conservation District - Eddie Culberson, Director
General Manager of Public Health and Community Well Being - Joanne Pierce
Public Health Department, Division of Environmental Health Director - J. Christopher Salter
Supervisor, Onsite Water Protection - Patrick C. Eaton, REHS
Environmental Specialist - Noelle Spence
Supervisor, Restaurant & Lodging - Vacant
General Manager of Engineering and Environmental Services - Jay Gibson
Stormwater & Erosion Control Division Manager - Ryan Eaves
Stormwater Manager - McKenzie Gentry
Erosion Control Supervisor - Vacant
Utility Division Deputy Director - Stephanie Brixey
Lab & Compliance Manager - Amy Moore
Utility Supervisor, Maintenance - Stephen Phillips
Superintendent, Triangle Wastewater Treatment Plant - Vacant
State of North Carolina Agencies
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Roadside Environmental Unit, Erosion Control Engineering Supervisor - Jeremy Goodwin
Roadside Environmental Engineer, Division 5 - Jeff Walston
North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section
Engineering Regional Supervisor- Bill Denton
Engineer - Sally Castle
Table 2.2 Stormwater Management Fund FY2020-21
Actual
FY2018-19
Actual
FY2019-
20
Estimated
FY2019-20
Adopted
FY2020-21
FY 2020-
21 Change
Authorized
Positions
Public Works, full time
94.5
95.5
95.5
96.5
1
Revenues
Operating Revenues
(Stormwater utility)
$ 280,135
$ 191,000
$ 191,000
$ 129,000
-32.5
Interest & Rental
Income
17,037,401
16,393,888
16,361,717
17,088,331
0.0%
Transfers from Other
Funds
227,782
109,047
109,047
109,047
0.0%
Appropriations from
Fund Balance
1,730,649
2,018,853
2,968,313
-100.0%
Total Revenues
$ 19,275,967
$
18, 712, 788
$ 19,630,077
$ 17,326,378
-7.4%
Appropriations
, County line department with city and county funding.
11

Actual
Actual
Estimated
Adopted
FY 2020-
FY2018-19
FY2019-
FY2019-20
FY2020-21
21 Change
20
Personal Services
$ 8,119,183
$
$ 8,813,184
$ 9,178,570
2.9%
8,916,721
Operating
3,041,609
3,562,067
3,852,913
3,605,245
1.2%
Capital and Other
132,162
-
339,304
126,516
100%
Transfers to other
7,983,013
6,234,000
6,624,676
2,734,000
-56.1%
Funds*
Transfers to Fund
-
-
-
1,682,047
100.0%
Balance
Total Appropriations
$ 19,725,967
$
$ 19,630,077
$ 17,326,378
-7.4%
18, 712, 788
Departmental
Appropriations
Public Works
$ 9,734,355
$
$ 11,442,248
$ 11,502,196
9.0%
10,551,380
Nondepartmental
9,541,612
8,161,408
8,185,329
5,824,182
-28.6%
Appropriations
Total Appropriations
$ 19,275,967
$
$ 19,603,077
$ 17,326,378
-7.4%
18, 712, 788
Source: FY2020-2021 City Budget, pages 83 and 105.
*Includes transfers to Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Non -departmental charges include a payment to the General Fund for indirect costs and payment to
the Risk Fund for insurance.
12

2.2 Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Before the Capital Improvement Program is adopted, a Citizens CIP Committee annually reviews a
draft of the proposed CIP and provides advice to City Council on priorities. The Stormwater Capital
Improvement Program is divided into the following categories:
2.2.1 Drainage Repair of City -Owned Properties
This is an on -going program that involves the repair or improvement of existing stormwater systems
located on City -owned property. Funds may be used for, but are not limited to, the analysis, design,
and construction of drainage repair and improvement projects involving City -owned land.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-02 Stormwater Infrastructure Inventory and Assessment for
Parks, Trails, and Cemeteries -This professional services contract seeks to generate an inventory and
assessment for stormwater infrastructure within all City parks, trails, and cemeteries.
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-09 Drainage Structure Access and Stabilization -This construction
project will modify existing drainage structures to provide access and stabilize existing drainage
structures that are compromised. A total of 20 sites will be addressed. 12 sites are located on City -
owned property.
■ Services Contracts SD-2019-06 & SD-2019-07 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)
Inspections -These contracts involve the video inspection and evaluation of portions of the City's storm
sewer system for condition, verification, and illicit discharge detection. These contracts are scheduled
to replace contract SD-2017-03 listed above once it is complete.
2.2.2 Floodplain Management
This is an on -going program that involves efforts to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and
property from flooding hazards and their effects. The program includes floodplain analysis and the
identification, evaluation, and implementation of floodplain management projects.
■ Unified Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program. The City applies to the Unified Hazard Mitigation
Assistance Grant Program (HMGP) administered by the State on a routine basis and when the State
presents non -routine grant opportunities (post -disaster declarations, etc.). Eligible properties may
receive grants for property acquisition and conversion to open space or elevation of structures above
the base flood elevation. The Federal Government typically contributes 75% of the cost of the effort
and the State contributes the remaining 25% of the cost.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-010n-Call Stormwater Professional Services -This
professional services program provides on -call design and related work for stormwater infrastructure
and stormwater quality projects.
2.2.3 Stormwater Fleet Vehicles
This program is for the funding of fleet vehicles for the Stormwater Utility.
2.2.4 Major Stormwater Infrastructure & BMP Improvements
This program funds repair, improvements, or analysis of watersheds, major drainage systems, or
BMP systems that involve private or public property and require extensive analysis, design, permit
approvals, or monitoring.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-010n-Call Stormwater Professional Services -This
professional services program provides on -call design and related work for stormwater infrastructure
and stormwater quality projects. This program is anticipated to last for three years (May 2017 to April
2020) with an option to extend the program for an additional year.
13

■ Professional Services Contract SD-2018-01 & SD-2018-02 Odyssey Drive and Alpine Road Culvert
Replacements -These are professional services contracts for the design, permitting, and development
of construction documents for the replacements of two existing stormwater culverts along Odyssey
Drive and Alpine Road.
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-09 Drainage Structure Access and Stabilization -This construction
project will modify existing drainage structures to provide access and stabilize existing drainage
structures that are compromised. A total of 20 sites will be addressed.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-01 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
primarily address culvert scour issues at various project sites throughout the City of Durham. A total of
nine sites will be addressed within City maintained rights -of -way.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-02 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
perform repairs of stormwater drainage infrastructure systems at various project site locations
throughout the City of Durham. A total of six sites will be addressed within City maintained rights -of -
way.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-09 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
perform repairs of stormwater drainage infrastructure systems at various project site locations
throughout the City of Durham. A total of seven sites will be addressed; three within City maintained
rights -of -way.
■ Lodge Street Regional Stormwater Improvements SD-2019-10. This is a professional services contract
for the design, permitting, and development of construction documents for the rerouting and
replacement of sections of the storm drainage system near the intersection of Lodge Street and Scout
Drive.
2.2.5 Stormwater Retrofitting
This program funds professional service and construction contracts for planning, design, permitting,
construction drawings, and the construction of stormwater retrofit projects to comply with NPDES
permit requirements and state regulations.
■ South Ellerbe Restoration Project -This on -going project includes the design, permitting, and
construction of a stormwater wetland that will treat stormflow from a 485-acre portion of Downtown
Durham. This stormwater wetland will provide water quality treatment and hydraulic detention of small
storm events. Demolition of structures on site is complete. Design and permitting are underway.
2019 Interlocal Agreement with Durham Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) - This Agreement
builds on the City's past residential retrofits work including a 2018 City contract to install 22 green
infrastructure practices. The contract addresses historical inequities in the distribution of government
services by using a data -driven approach to identify and analyze neighborhoods (ReGln Analysis)
throughout the city where residential -level green stormwater infrastructure practices could be
implemented equitably. The agreement requires half of all the SCMs installed will be in areas that
have been identified through the ReGIn analysis as high priority both in terms of benefit for
environmental equity and water quality/flooding. Identifying and visiting residential locations for site
evaluation has begun. Five projects at two locations have been identified and contracted. The projects
include four downspout disconnections and one cistern.
■ Algae Turf Scrubber Project -City Stormwater & GIS Services Division staff and County Stormwater
Division staff initially identified seven potential sites and ranked them. Technical constraints at these
seven sites resulted in additional scoping of sites. City staff expanded the search for potential sites to
include locations near Falls Lake in Granville and Wake counties. A subset of sites was selected for
field visits. These field visits were ongoing at the end of the fiscal year.
■ Fay Street Bioretention Construction (SD-2020-02)-The construction of a bioretention cell located
next to the City's General Services Department building began in June 2020. Once the project is
complete, the bioretention cell will treat stormwater runoff from 0.85 acres of the General Services
building parking lot. This will help to improve water quality in the Ellerbe Creek watershed by reducing
pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, bacteria, and sediment.
14

■ Pearl Mill Bioretention Project -The City of Durham provided a portion of funding to Ellerbe Creek
Watershed Association towards the design and construction of two bioretention cells. Construction of
the bioretention cells was completed in May 2020. Stormwater from 1.5 acres of residential area is
treated by the bioretention cells.
2.2.6 Watershed Planning & Implementation
This program funds professional service contracts to develop watershed plans for streams flowing in
or through the City. This activity, required by a NPDES permit and state regulations, will provide data
necessary to perform future stormwater capital improvement projects.
The New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan is underway and includes an
assessment of current watershed conditions, formulation of watershed restoration goals, development
of watershed restoration recommendations, identification of stormwater retrofit/restoration
opportunities, water quality modeling, watershed modeling, hydraulic/hydrologic modeling,
engineering, design, analysis, cost estimates, surveying, data collection, preliminary plans, and
construction plans for stormwater projects. Field crews surveyed 45 miles of stream and evaluated
130 stormwater control measures in the New Hope Creek and Little Creek watersheds during winter
2019/2020. Field data is being combined with existing data and computer modeling to evaluate
potential projects to improve water quality in the watershed. Public outreach includes a virtual public
meeting, social media updates, video productions, and a project fact sheet. A special study being
conducted as part of this watershed plan is a microbial source tracking study that will use quantitative
DNA -based technology to characterize fecal bacteria pollution sources in surface waters in the portion
of the Northeast Creek Watershed located within the City.
A summary of Stormwater Capital Projects funding by project category for the adopted CIP is
provided in Table 2.3. Funding is pay-as-you-go out of annual revenues.
Table 2-3. Stormwater Capital Projects Funding FY2019-21
Category
Appropriation
FY2019 FY2020
FY2021
Algae Turf Scrubber/Algal Floway
$ 500,000
Drainage Repair of City Owned Properties
$ 1,130,000
$ 260,000
Floodplain Mitigation
$ 1,742,434
Major Stormwater Infrastructure &* BMP Improvements
$ 1,680,000
$ 3,760,000
$ 1,700,000
South Ellerbe Stormwater Restoration
$ 2,100,000
$ 500,000
Private Property Drainage Projects
$ 970,000
$ 1,360,000
-
Stormwater Fleet Vehicles
$ 103,013
$ 574,000
$534,000
Stormwater Retrofitting
$ 300,000
-$ 300,000
-
Watershed Planning & Design
$ 1,200,000
$ 600,000
Emergency Watershed Protection
$ 1,074,177
Total
$ 7,983,013
$ 7,976,434
$ 3,308,177
15

3. Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts
Table 3.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Education and Outreach
Responsible
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
3.1 Target
pollutants & target
Target pollutants and their sources and audiences are
Completed
Water Quality
audiences
identified in the SMP
Manager
The City maintains the Stormwater Services Website:
City web site:
htt durhamnc. ov stormwater
Regular updates to City site.
Pollution
Prevention
3.2 Informational
The Cityfinancial) supports
y pports and promotes the Clean Water
CWEP website with blog-style
Coordinator,
web site
Education Partnership (CWEP) website https://nc-
updates.
CWEP: Public
leanwater.com
Education
Also see social media sites, described below
Coordinator
4 guidance documents for
pollution
Develop or acquire business outreach materials.
landlords, companies,
Prevention
construction, and towing
on,
Coordinator
companies
3.3
1572 mailings to Landscapers
Pollution
Distribute public
Develop and distribute information to target business sectors
and Restaurants; 81 handouts
Prevention
education materials
is targeted mailing (one sector per year) and industry-
distributed at site
Coordinator &
o identified user
specific guidance documents
visits/investigations; 23 mobile
Industrial
groups.
and surface power washing
Inspector
guides distributed
Develop Waterways newsletter for general public audience
2 utility bill newsletters
Public
Education
and distribute as utility bill insert
Coordinator
Maintain a stormwater pollution hotline
Ongoing, see 5(e)
Water Quality
Specialist
3.4 Promote &
Public
maintain
Education
hotline/help line
Promote hotline through giveaways of promotional items
Items distributed at events and
Coordinator and
presentations
Pollution
Prevention
Coordinator
Utility bill inserts
See(d)above
Media: track campaign metrics for local and regional
CWEP campaigns; ongoing local
dvertising campaigns
social media
reate and distribute educational videos via YouTube and the
42,839 video views
ity's Facebook Page
Provide outreach at community events with a table -top display
9 events reaching 614 people
Public
Education
Provide outreach to community groups through speaker's
7 presentations
Coordinator
bureau presentations
reaching 141 people
Provide outreach through informational workshops
4 workshops reaching 50 people
3.5 Implement
22 presentations
Public Education
Provide outreach to classrooms and school groups
to 536 students
and Outreach
onduct training for business sectors, trade groups, and
3 trainings
Program
ram
lan dlords.
The City of Durham's stormwater education and outreach program aims to increase awareness on
the causes and impacts of stormwater pollution and to encourage behaviors that will improve water
quality. The program components are managed by the Public Education Coordinator and the
Pollution Prevention Coordinator, but other staff members provide support. The Public Education
Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and implementation details.
The City is a founding member of the Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) and actively
participates in developing campaigns. It also partners with other organizations.
16

Efforts are summarized in Table 3.1 above, with additional details below. Noteworthy changes or
specifics include:
3.1 Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences
Target pollutants, sources, and audiences have been reviewed, based on the City's water quality
monitoring results along with other information, including NCDEQ Basin Plan Assessments, and
publications by the US Geological Survey and by North Carolina State University.
3.2 Informational Website
Several staff members make regular updates to the Stormwater web pages. The site features links to
a contacts page, online reporting to the water quality hotline, technical reports, newsletters for the
general public, targeted outreach pieces, regulations, watershed planning documents, and updates
on watershed implementation projects.
3.3 Distribution of materials to target groups
Business outreach
■ Mailed 500 postcards to landscaping companies
■ Mailed 1072 postcards to restaurants
■ Created one video for the food truck industry
■ Created new outreach brochures for the HVAC, construction, and towing industries and one brochure
for landlords
■ Conducted 3 presentations on stormwater pollution prevention best practices to business
■ Stormwater staff members evaluate the stormwater-related practices and provide training for
businesses that are part of the Stormwater STAR program.
Table 3.2 Stormwater STAR Businesses
Stormwater STAR Businesses
Business Type
Beer Durham
Retail/Beverage
Cocoa Cinnamon
Restaurant
Durty Bull Brewing
Brewery
Fullsteam Brewery
Brewery/Restaurant
Pine State Flowers
Florist
SEEDS
Yard Care/Non-Profit
Carolina Theatre
Entertainment
The Refectory Cafe
Restaurant
Aqualis
Environmental Services
APlus Test Prep & Academic Services
Academic Services
Any Lab Test Now
JlHealth Sciences
Corning Life Sciences
JBiotech
General outreach
■ Two WaterWays newsletters went out with city water and stormwater bills, reaching more than
93,000 residents per issue. Topics included the Northeast Creek TMDL Response Plan, proper yard waste
disposal, floodplains, and riparian zones, New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan,
pet waste pickup, utility fee increase, and the South Ellerbe restoration project.
17

3.4 Promote hotline
■ The City promotes the hotline through giveaways at events and presentations. This year's items
included reusable silicone straws, badge clips, and bamboo pens.
■ Refer to section 5(e) for additional discussion of the hotline and the other reporting mechanisms.
3.5 Education and Outreach Program
Newspaper and News Releases
The Stormwater & GIS Services Division issued news releases about Big Sweep, Creek Week,
watershed planning, and an improvement in Durham's National Flood Insurance Program
Community Rating System. News releases were sent to all local media outlets as well as to
neighborhood Iistservs and individual subscribers. Summaries of the news
releases were featured as articles in the weekly City Manager's Report, available online or via
email subscription. The Public Affairs Office hosts "Bull City Today," a daily news brief
for social media that often features stormwater topics. The briefs are saved to the
Stormwater playlist at the URL: bit.ly/swsvideos. Local media outlets also covered cleanups
at Falls Lake and MacDougald Terrace.
Clean Water Education Partnership Media Campaign
The Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) aims to protect North Carolina's waterways
from stormwater pollution through public education and outreach. CWEP is a cooperative
effort among local governments to educate citizens about protecting water quality in the Tar -
Pamlico, Neuse, and Cape Fear River Basins. The City of Durham's fiscal year 2020 CWEP
cost share was $12,670. CWEP's total FY20 budget was $180,651. Major outreach activities
included broadcast and online ads, a cinema campaign, regular website updates, social
media posts, an in -person educational outreach program, and Spanish -language newspaper
ads and new distance -learning.
The CWEP annual report is available online at the URL: https:Z/nc-cleanwater.com
Social Media and Videos
The Stormwater & GIS Division maintains a Facebook page, a Twitter feed, and a YouTube
playlist. Staff track metrics quarterly and analyze the most effective post content. The most
popular social media posts were on a variety of topics including a large discharge of non -toxic
dye, yard chemicals, stormwater hotline, and hurricane preparation. The main City of Durham
social media feeds promote and highlight important stormwater news items in addition to the
division's feeds.
In October 2019, Facebook changed the way it calculates non -ad impressions for pages,
resulting in lower impression numbers (htti3s://www.searchen inemournal.com/facebook-is-
changing-how-it-calculates-organ ic-impressions/331115/#close).
Videos are posted on the City of Durham's YouTube channel and featured on a "Durham
Stormwater Services Division" playlist, http://bit.ly/swsvideos.
Table 3.3 below compares metrics for the Stormwater Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube media
compared to the two previous years.
Table 3.3 Social Media and Videos Summary and Three-year Comparison
Facebook
2020
2019
2018
Page likes
781
737
700
Average weekly engaged users
36
35
54
Average weekly total impressions
704
1,101
1,579
M

Witter
Followers
1531
1440
1,340
# of tweets
208
251
479
Average daily impressions
503
507
962
Video Views
CWEP Animated Video (2018)
731
604
n/a
Proper Paint Disposal (2018)
333
293
178
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (2018)
1524
1322
n/a
The River Starts in Your Backyard (2018)
1100
1068
335
Third Fork Creek Restoration (short and long versions,
2018)
569
297
214
South Ellerbe Stormwater Restoration Project Introduction
(2017)
2040
1984
1930
The Sodfather (2016, CWEP)
11,783
3137
2971
Don't Litter, Man (2016)
2255
2210
2143
Don't Litter Man -Behind the Scenes (2016)
1928
1898
1870
Algal Turf Scrubber (2015)
3228
2813
2511
Regenerative SW Conveyance (2015)
385
361
339
Nutrients (2013)
297
287
231
Stormwater Control Measures (2012)
455
421
396
No Mow (2012)
491
453
437
Car Wash (2012)
433
409
399
Sewer/FOG (2012)
325
298
287
Used Motor Oil (2012)
163
155
151
Northeast Creek WIP (2011)
510
496
488
our Stormwater Dollars at Work (2011)
13,778
13,336
13,019
Paint Disposal (2011)
511
484
468
otal views -all videos
2,839
02,326
28,367
For the coming year
■ The City will continue its new pet waste pickup campaign through virtual, and if possible, in -person,
outreach.
■ The City will develop materials and deliver outreach, including educator workshops and school
presentations, online.
■ The City will develop a newsletter for businesses to highlight pollution prevention best practices.
■ The City will re-evaluate the use of direct mailings and a business recognition program as effective
outreach methods and will focus outreach and evaluation efforts on businesses currently enrolled in
the recognition program.
19

4. Public Involvement and Participation
Table 4.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Involvement and Participation
Responsible
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
tream Cleanups: Big Sweep in fall
659 volunteers
(a) Volunteer community
Creek Week cancelled due to Covid-19)
16,563 lbs. trash
Public Education
involvement program
Adopt -a -drain
164 drains adopted by
Coordinator
volunteers
Depends on topic
Environmental Affairs Board
Ongoing
generally Water
Quality Manager)
(b) Establish a mechanism
Public Education
or Public Involvement
Inform the public and provide for input via a Facebook page,
Frequent updates, monitoring,
Coordinator and
Pollution
Witter account, and YouTube channel.
and response to comments
Prevention
Coordinator
(c) Maintain a hotline
Maintain a stormwater pollution reporting hotline
Ongoing
Water Quality
Specialist
Post Stormwater Plan and annual reports to stormwater web
Water Quality
page. Accept comments to be considered in annual updates.
Ongoing
Manager
ssistant Public
omply with State and City public notice requirements for ratE
orks Director of
(d) Public Review and
hanges and projects.
Ongoing
tormwater & GIS
Comment
Public review of operational budget and capital improvement
[3Eervices
sistant Public
orks Director of
program budget: posted on website for public comment,
ngoing
ormwater &GIS
review by Citizen's CIP committee, approved by City Council.
rvices
Public Involvement Highlights
■ Stormwater & GIS Services continues to send a representative to regular Environmental Affairs Board
meetings to get input on the permit, answer questions, make announcements, and present on relevant
topics. This year there were presentations or updates on the beaver dam retrofit project, watershed
planning, and the South Ellerbe restoration.
■ Implementing and maintaining green infrastructure: staff work with residents who participated in
both Rain Catchers projects on maintenance and transfers to new homeowners; support efforts by Trees
Across Durham to involve the public in planting and maintaining trees in public spaces; continue to fund
residential rain gardens and cisterns through Soil and Water Conservation District's Community
Conservation Assistance Program.
■ The Public Involvement Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and
implementation details.
For the coming year
■ Continue building partnerships for stream cleanup and ongoing stream stewardship.
■ Host public information sessions and gather input on New Hope Creek and Sandy Creek Watershed
Improvement Plan.
20

5. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program
Table 5-1. BMP Summary Table for the Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Program
BMP
Responsible
Measurable Goals
Frequency
Description
Position
5.1 Maintain
Maintain Stormwater Management and Pollution Control
Ongoing
appropriate legal
Ordinance to the extent authorized under State law.
authorities to
prohibit illicit
Review experience with enforcement of Stormwater
Authorities continue to be
Water Quality
Manager
discharges &
Pollution Control Ordinance and evaluate the need for
adequate within State
connections
minor adjustments.
authorizations
Total node inventory including
MS4 nodes: 80,996. Nodes
updated: 5,270. New nodes:
5.2 Maintain a Storm
Maintain and update map and inventory data of drainage
2,889.
SW Billing & GIS
Water System Base
system components utilizing a GIs database, including
Total pipe inventory, including
Administrator
Map
receiving streams and major outfalls.
MS4 miles: 71,271(1,032
miles). Pipes updated: 4,627
(58.5 miles). New pipes: 2,288
(28.4miles).
Maintain written procedures for inspecting and screening
Outfall screening procedures
documented and approved.
Water Quality
5.3 Inspection/
major outfalls and for identifying other outfalls to
Screening plan updated
Analyst
detection program to
inspect/screen, including timeframe, areas to be targeted,
annually to identify target
(inspection,
detect dry weather
and number of outfalls.
outfalls.
enforcement)
flows at MS4 outfalls
in targeted areas
Maintain procedures to investigate concerns and
IDDE procedures documented
Water Quality
complaints related to illicit discharges and connections.
and approved. Inter -agency
Analyst
Maintain procedures for removing the sources or reporting
reporting and referral
(inspection,
the sources to the State to be properly permitted.
mechanism established.
enforcement)
New field staff trained in
Water Quality
Conduct training for new municipal staff involved with dry
procedures, paired with
Analyst
5.4 Training of
weather outfall screening.
experienced staff; field audits
(inspection,
Municipal Employees
conducted
enforcement)
Involved in IDDE
Conduct training for municipal staff involved with
New field staff trained in
Water Quality
investigating and enforcing prohibitions against illicit
procedures, paired with
Analyst
discharges and connections on detecting and
experienced staff; field audits
(inspection,
documenting illicit discharges.
conducted
enforcement)
Identify municipal employees likely to encounter illicit
Pollution
continued
discharges and provide training on identifying and
Ongoing
Prevention
reporting illicit discharges.
Coordinator
Continue to promote and maintain a pollution reporting
Water Quality
Analyst
5.5 Maintain public
hotline (560-SWIM) and other means for public reporting
Ongoing, also see 3(e)
(inspection,
reporting
mechanisms
of illicit discharges.
enforcement)
Regularly publicize mechanisms for the public to report
Ongoing
Public Education
illicit discharges.
Coordinator
Ongoing GIs database
maintenance. 135 outfalls
Water Quality
Continue to maintain a database documenting outfall
inspected; screening resulted
Analyst
inspections.
in 3 investigations and 2
(inspection,
sources eliminated for
enforcement)
reporting period.
Continue to maintain a database and file system to track
Ongoing MS Access database
dates of initial and follow-up investigations, photos and
maintenance. 221 initial
5.6 Documentation
other evidence, enforcement, actions taken by the
investigations and 888 follow -
up investigation tasks were
responsible party, etc.
conducted.
Water Quality
Analyst
(inspection,
24 NOVs issued; 28 NORs
enforcement)
Document control of sources or reporting the sources to
issued; 133 pollution sources
the State to be properly permitted.
were eliminated; for permit
referrals see Section 9(c).
21

Three significant factors severely impacted The Water Quality Unit's operations during the permit
year: 1) 33% staff reduction due to turnover; 2) a devastating cyberattack against the City in March
2020; and 3) mandatory stay-at-home orders beginning in April 2020 due to the COVID-19
pandemic. In part due to these confounding factors, the reporting year total of 221 new
investigations is 34% less than the same period in the previous year (335). Comparing similar
periods July -February, this reporting period was already 15% behind the previous investigation
volume.
5.1 Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities
To the extent allowable under state law, existing legal authorities provided by the Stormwater
Management and Pollution Control Ordinance (Durham City Code Chapter 70, Article V, Section 70-
492 through 70-542) are adequate to allow the City to identify and remove non-stormwater
discharges that convey significant pollutants. Legal authorizations are supported by written
procedures as described in the Stormwater Management Plan.
5.2 Maintain a Stormwater System Base Map
The City of Durham has extensive GIS mapping resources to guide efforts to locate and eliminate
illicit discharges. The stormwater category includes inlets, outlets, pipes, culverts, etc. on public and
private property. Streams, ponds, and lakes are available. Drainage watersheds (sewersheds) have
been delineated by major streams. The City has a well -developed process for updating and
performing quality control checks on these map features. Examples of stormwater mapping are
provided in Figures 5-1 and 5-2. Higher resolution maps are available upon request.
The City requires that new development projects conduct video inspection of stormwater piping
systems, and to correct issues and re -submit video before project acceptance. The City also requires
the submittal of digital as -built drawings to facilitate updating and maintaining system base maps
and inventories.
At the beginning of the City's IDDE Program, the outfall screening program focused on a limited
number of major outfalls identified under criteria in 40 CFR 122.26 based on generally available, but
crude, resources such as USGS 24,000 scale topographic maps. During the 2013-2014 reporting
period, City Stormwater & GIS Services staff began a project to overhaul identification of outfalls for
screening to improve the effectiveness of illicit discharge detection and elimination. Using current
stormwater system mapping and current detailed topo, the project has identified thousands of major
outfalls proposed for inspection and screening, a substantial increase from the 890 initially
developed in the 1990s. Screening teams now use a combination of in -office ESRI ArcGIS desktop
applications, a custom MS Access database, and custom Python scripts to identify, cluster, and plan
outfall screening operations. A combination of mobile devices running ArcGIS Explorer and Tablet
PCs with wireless network connections allow field teams to locate outfalls and upload screening data
to our server.
5.3 Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in
Targeted Areas
During the reporting period, the City continued to inspect MS4 outfalls for dry weather flows to
identify possible illicit discharges. To enhance the success rate for this program, the City has
continued the process of reviewing and updating of various techniques, operating guidelines, and
procedures related to control of illicit connections and illicit discharges. Results of outfall screening
for the reporting period are discussed in 5(f). A plan for outfall screening during the upcoming
season has been approved.
22

ik
a 0.5 1 2 Miles
Cape Fear StOM W aier Structures I I I
Cape Fear Storm water Pipes N
t
Cape Fear River Basin c
Durham City Limits �+
Map created In FPS1 ArcMap 15.5.1 using Cq of CA P E�
J Durham County Limits oufnam aatasefs uponiee As orzt-0ot-2o20.
Figure 5-1, City of Durham map of Stormwater Infrastructure in the Cape Fear River Basin. A higher
resolution map is available upon request.
23

01 -7 6
3
:.-
, I I( ;-' 4'x� ' . _ e
0 0.51 2 Miles
N
A
Map creased m ERSI ArcMap 10.5.1 using City of
Durham dalaaels updated es of21.Oct-2M.
Figure 5-2, City of Durham map of Stormwater Infrastructure in the Neuse River Basin. A higher
resolution map is available upon request.
24

5.4 Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE Program
Note: the City has a separate program discussed in 8(i) and Table 8.1(i) in Section 8 that is intended
for training other city employees to identify and report potential illicit discharges to be investigated.
The Water Quality Unit provides routine training of various types to our staff members:
1. likely to encounter illicit discharges during other work;
2. involved with conducting dry weather outfall screening; and
3. involved with investigating concerns and complaints about pollution of receiving waters,
and conducting enforcement to remove pollution sources.
Staff development and training since the previous annual report have included:
A new Training Organizer for New Water Quality Employees was piloted on a new Coordinator
who was hired in May 2020. The organizer identifies key skills and experiences targeted for
on-the-job training.
Annual classroom training for investigators, typically conducted in March/April, was
necessarily postponed due to the cyberattack and COVID-19 response. In lieu of a formal
training session, IDDE staff have included discussion of investigation strategies, findings,
and novel problems/approaches during routine weekly IDDE meetings.
The Water Quality IDDE Analyst audited investigations operations in November 2019.
• Senior staff conducted practical field training for outfall screening technicians on multiple
occasions.
The Water Quality IDDE Analyst audited outfall screening operations in November 2019.
5.5 Reporting Mechanisms
The City continues to maintain multiple methods for reporting pollution concerns for investigation by
city staff. The City continues to promote the Stormwater Pollution Reporting Hotline (919) 560-SWIM,
as discussed above in 3(e). The City also promotes an e-mail address,
[e-mail] for reporting pollution concerns. This is a group e-mail address,
promoted through e-mail taglines and other means. An online reporting form is operational on the
City's website. Completed online reporting forms are automatically submitted to Water Quality staff
through the group e-mail address. Complaints are also reported through the City's One Call System,
publicly accessible via: [phone]. The Water Quality Unit also received pollution concerns
through the City's social media accounts (Twitter and Facebook), which are updated and checked by
the Pollution Prevention Coordinator and the Public Education Coordinator.
Illicit discharge investigations are initiated or triggered by a variety of events, including phone calls,
walk-ins, and residents expressing concerns to staff at public events and meetings. Investigations
are also triggered by staff observations during outfall inspection and screening, weekend patrols,
and routine water quality monitoring. Table 5-2 below summarizes the types of reporting methods
from which investigations were triggered during the reporting year. The category "Water Quality Staff
Initiated" includes investigations triggered by laboratory results, which may be reported several days
or up to several weeks after sample collection and evidence of sources that are rare or intermittent
and may no longer be present.
Table 5-2. Sources of information triggering Water Quality Investigations
Investigation Trigger Type
Total
Sources
Sources
Success
Investigations
Identified
Controlled
Rate
Durham County Health Department
7
5
5
100%
25

Neighborhood Improvement Services
5
3
3
100%
Water & Sewer Maintenance
42
37
34
92%
Other city employee
50
38
32
84%
Hotline call
27
18
14
78%
Durham County Emergency Management
6
4
3
75%
Water -quality staff initiated
46
35
25
71%
Other
14
10
7
70%
Online reporting form
10
9
5
56%
Citizen call (not the hotline)
3
2
1
50%
Citizen Email
11
8
4
50%
Grand Total
221
169
133
79%
IDDE program assessment includes determining the success rate for the various reporting
mechanisms. This assessment normally provides an indirect measure of efforts to enlist the help of
city residents in reporting pollution, efforts specifically to promote the Stormwater Pollution
Reporting Hotline (919-560-SWIM), and efforts to educate City staff on the hazards of illicit
discharges and how to report them. The most frequent means of initiating an investigation were
reports from 1) non -Water Quality City staff (23%); 2) Water Quality Staff (21%); and Water & Sewer
Management (19%). While in previous years, the Hotline was typically the most frequent
investigation source, it only accounted for 12% of this period's total volume.
5.6 Documentation
5.6.1 Database Updates
A Microsoft Access database developed, maintained, and periodically upgraded by staff has been
used to document illicit discharge detection and elimination investigations and enforcement since
1996.
Features of the Water Quality Investigations Database include:
■ Tracking of all relevant persons, events, dates, times, evidence, and other details for every
investigation.
■ Auto -generated official Notices of Requirement/Violation/Penalty, populated with user -entered
investigation data. All Notices and supporting documentation can be directly printed or exported to
PDF.
■ Tracking of investigation -specific field and laboratory water chemistry data.
■ A mobile version of the Investigations Database for use with tablet PCs in the field.
■ Tracking of site visits and observations during Weekend Enforcement Patrols.
■ Tracking of educational materials distribution.
■ Built-in map to assist investigators with investigation history at a given location.
■ Auto -generated reports of the investigation queue, performance data, (such as response times)
enforcement statistics, and outstanding penalties issued.
26

5.6.2 Summary of Investigations
During the reporting period, the City conducted 221 initial investigations and 888 follow-up
investigations. Twenty-four Notices of Violation, 28 Notices of Requirement, and 20 Notices of
Penalty were issued.
5.6.3 Outfall Inspection and Screening
5.6.3.1 Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's: type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
During the reporting period, 45 outfalls were screened at 15 industrial facilities. During screenings,
38 outfalls were found to be dry, two had standing water, four had a trickle flow, and one had
moderate flow. On 10/1/2019, field screening staff measured specific conductance of 1660
pS/cm2, a condition suggestive of an illicit discharge. The facility being screened was Burt's Bees,
located 701 Distribution Drive (NCGNE0603). A follow-up inspection of the facility, additional outfall
screening, and laboratory analysis did not reveal a source at the facility. Burt's Bees staff have
committed to fully investigating their process and property for potential sources. Water Quality Unit
staff are prepared to follow up on conditions at the facility and subject outfall.
5.6.3.2 Winter 2019-2020 Outfall Screening
The 2019-2020 fall -winter screening season focused on outfalls within a 1.5-mile radius of the
Downtown Durham urban area, which is within the Third Fork and Ellerbe Creek subwatersheds.
Outfalls were identified using ESRI ArcMap in conjunction with up-to-date datasets maintained by the
City of Durham Dept. of Public Works Stormwater & GIS Services
The fall -winter outfall screening season was split into two sessions: 1) October 1, 2019, to December
13, 2019; and 2) December 16, 2019, to February 28, 2020. Technicians completed 116
screenings.
Of the 116 outfalls screened, approximately 47% of all outfalls screened had water present, with
29% having trickle flow, 9% having pools, 9% having moderate flow, and none having heavy flow.
Technicians observed and measured trigger level exceedances for field measurements of pH (1
outfall), conductivity (1 outfall), ammonia (6 outfalls), and detergents (3 outfalls). Investigations were
not triggered on all instances of exceedance, depending on the totality of field observations and
conditions. At two outfalls, grab samples were collected for laboratory analysis, which is the protocol
when specific conductance is measured in exceedance of a trigger in the absence of any other
indicator. Field measurements and observations resulted in three illicit discharge investigations.
Pollutant sources were identified and eliminated during two of those investigations.
Table 5-3. Outfall screening program results summary, by season, from 2015 through 2020.
27

2018-
2019-
2015-2016
2016-2017
2017-2018
2019
2020
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Winter
Ellerbe,
Ellerbe,
New
Primary
Third
Ellerbe
Hope,
Third Fork
Third
Northeast
Northeast
Ellerbe,
Watershed(s)
Fork
Sandy,
Fork
Third Fork
Third
Fork
Outfall
screening
Months
2 Months
Months
2 months
months
2 months
5 months
5 months
period
Total outfalls
245
30
284
23
227
33
211
135
visited
Number of
structures
40
0
10
2
15
8
44
19
disqualified
upon visit
Number of
outfalls with
179
25
151
13
87
19
158
54
flow or
standing
(73%)
(83%)
(53%)
(57%)
(38%)
(18%)
(75%)
(40%)
water
Investigations
resulting
0
0
6
0
9
2
5
3
from outfall
screening
Sources
eliminated
from outfall
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
2
screening
investigations
Percent of
flowing
outfalls
0%
0%
4%
0%
11%
11%
0%
5%
resulting in
investigations
m

N Mep preperetl by Sinrm velar&GIS Services,Dept. of Public
Works, on 9-Sept-2019. Inbrmati- Jepictetl Lg fir reference
00,..... �. o......_._... 025 0.125 0 025 Miles pu ryoses on ly antl iscumpiletl fmm ih en oe9 available
s. The City of Durham ace responsibility for
orsarmg from th a used rfthls m cep.
Figure 5-3. Map of outfalls selected for dry weather screening during the fall -winter 2019-2020
screening season.
29

5.6.4 Investigations
An investigations general effectiveness summary is in Table 5-4 below. The five-year average for
investigation source control success is approximately 83%.
Table 5-4. Investigation activity by reporting period.
10/1/15
10/1/16
10/1/17
10/1/18
7/1/19
9/30/16
9/30/17
9/30/18
6/30/19
6/30/20
Initial Investigations
321
381
350
260
221
Investigations Identifying Pollutant
249
264
253
192
169
Sources'
Investigations Controlling Pollutant
212
216
202
170
133
Sources
Control Success Rate
85%
82%
80%
88%
79%
'Separately, we report the total number of sources identified. Each investigation can identify
multiple sources. The above table counts the number of investigations where sources were
identified.
5.6.5 Enforcement
The Water Quality Unit issued 28 Notices of Requirement (NOR), 24 Notices of Violation (NOV), and
20 Notices of Penalty (NOP) during the reporting period. The Water Quality Unit also held two due
process enforcement meetings to discuss the details of corrective actions and civil penalties with
responsible parties.
For the 20 NOPs issued, a total of $10,139 in civil penalties was assessed. Copies of all NOPs are
sent to the City's Finance Dept. General Billing unit, where invoices are created for penalty amounts
owed. Monthly statements are submitted by Billing to our investigators for review. All penalty
payments are processed by General Billing. When necessary, General Billing handles nonpayment of
penalties through a private collections agency, which is not tracked by the Stormwater & GIS
Services Division.
5.6.6 Evaluation and Assessment
There were 221 initial investigations conducted during the reporting period. The Water Quality Unit
staff identified 172 distinct pollution sources over 169 investigations (one investigation may identify
multiple sources). One -hundred thirty-three investigations resulted in sources being controlled. This
is an overall success rate of 79%. Not all investigation efforts have actionable results. Several
variable conditions influence our overall effectiveness. An investigation may not find a water quality
problem affecting the drainage system or surface waters. Other times, a water quality problem may
be found, but the source is unidentifiable. Yet other times, a source may be found, but was a one-
time occurrence (and uncontrollable after the fact) or has been eliminated before an investigation
was undertaken. On occasion, initial investigation reveals that a matter must be referred to another
City, County, or State agency due to jurisdictional reasons.
30

The subwatershed with the greatest number of individual pollution sources was Ellerbe Creek (75),
which accounted for 44% of all pollution sources identified by investigations in the City. The next
closest watersheds, in terms of percent of total sources, were Third Fork Creek (32, or 19%) and
Northeast Creek (12, or 7%). This ranking is identical to the previous year.
By land area, 52% of the City drains to the Neuse River Basin and 48% drains to the Cape Fear River
Basin. As summarized in Table 5-5, 104 sources (60%) were found in the Neuse River Basin and 68
(40%) were found in the Cape Fear River Basin during the reporting period. This ranking is again
identical to the previous year.
A graphical representation of these figures is below in Figure 5-4.
Pollutant Sources Identified by Permit Year
80
70
50
0
U)
0 40
30 ■ 2016
z
■ 2017
20 ■ 2018
02019
10 ■ 2020
0
�°5�°� Syr z� ra �o ( o� �°��o� o
�0°af mao\°�°c �5Cac\oyoa
� oGro�O\
\o
ek
y`o
F off`
c
Cato O'er°
Figure 5-4. Five-year record of pollutant sources identified during Water Quality Investigations.
5.6.7 IDDE Investigation Highlights
During the permit year, the Water Quality IDDE program was engaged in multiple severe private
sanitary sewer discharge investigations. Two of these investigations involved multi -family residential
sewer laterals, operated by the Durham Housing Authority (DHA). DHA is a private entity that receives
funding from, among other sources, the federal and city governments.
5.6.7.1 19WQ211
Water Quality Staff were notified by City Water Management of a sewage discharge from a multi-
family residential building in the McDougald Terrace community. On 8/6/2019 and 8/8/2019, raw
sewage was observed discharging from a private manhole and affecting a significant area of multiple
properties. Sewage was also observed infiltrating into the ground and subsequently seeping through
a retaining wall onto adjacent property. We additionally found a stormwater drop inlet near the
discharging manhole, which was buried under sediment and sewage accumulation. Evidence
31

suggested that sewage has been illicitly discharging into this stormwater drop inlet for an extended
amount of time.
As the DHA failed to take timely and appropriate action to contain the discharge, the City issued a
Notice of Violation requiring immediate action and a plan for repair and remediation. After nearly two
months, our required corrective actions had not been completed and required updates were not
provided. A Notice of Penalty was therefore issued according to standard procedures, totaling
$47,250.
After several additional months and a public records request from local media, lateral repair work
began on December 12, 2019, and was completed on December 30, 2019. Water Quality IDDE staff
confirmed the repair with a dye test and closed the investigation.
Per standard procedure, the civil penalty assessed against DHA was completely offset by their
$100,000 cost to complete repairs.
5.6.7.2 20WQ056
On April 21, 2020, the Water Quality Unit received a call on the Pollution Prevention Hotline. The
caller, a tenant at McDougald Terrace, reported that sewage had been leaking at her building for two
years. She also reported that City Water Management had inspected the area, at her request, on
April 20, 2020, but could not do anything because it was a private leak.
We located recent City work order records confirming that a Water Management crew investigated
this discharge and measured an ammonia concentration of 6 ppm. Water Management staff notified
DHA staff about the problem and were informed that it was a known problem and efforts were
underway to make a repair. An identical work record was logged by Water Management on April 3,
2020. Additionally, City Neighborhood Improvement Services conducted an investigation on April 22,
2020 and discussed sewage discharge findings with the IDDE Supervisor.
Our investigator confirmed a discharging private sewer manhole. Visual and chemical indicators
support that this discharge was composed of sewage. The sewage was flowing away from the
manhole, along a concrete walkway, past a residential building, and into a private storm drain
inlet. The flow path of sewage directly interfered with ingress and egress from apartment units. No
visible attempts at repair or remediation of the leak were observed.
DHA management was contacted and informed of the City's findings, the nature and severity of the
problem, and was required to take timely and appropriate action to diagnose and repair the problem
and remediate affected areas.
The City has since issued a Notice of Requirement to DHA, formally putting to words the above
directions. While a temporary pump -around was successfully installed by DHA to cease the leak, no
further action toward repair has occurred. We continue our efforts to encourage the matter toward
completion and remediation.
5.7 IDDE Highlights for the Coming Year
■ The next round of dry weather outfall screening will begin in October 2020 and run through the end of
February 2021. We will again focus on outfalls within a 1.5-mile radius of Downtown Durham, but will
conduct all screenings during the morning hours (7 am-10 am). We continue to seek illicit sewage
discharges, so targeting a time of day when sewage flows are high is likely to uncover such
intermittent discharges. We plan to dispatch one field crew during this season.
■ We will be piloting the use of sewage -detecting canines as an IDDE strategy in October/November
2020. Studies support that trained canines can be effective in detecting sewage in storm sewer
systems, even in dry conditions where outfalls are not discharging.
32

Table 5-5. Total sources of surface water pollution identified, by type and sub -basin, from 7/1/19 through 6/30/20.
Erosion &
Sediment
Grease/cooking
oil/food wastes
House-
keeping
Illicit
vehicle
wash
Other
Paint
Petroleum
Private
Sewer
Sewer
Leak/Break
Source
Unknown
ss0
Yard
waste
Total
Cape Fear
7
3
2
0
18
3
6
9
6
2
9
3
68
Crooked Creek
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
4
Little Creek (Orange Co.)
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
Mud Creek
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
New Hope Creek
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
0
1
4
0
11
Northeast Creek
0
1
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
1
2
12
Sandy Creek
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
5
Third Fork Creek
5
2
0
0
10
1
2
7
2
1
2
32
Neuse
20
5
2
5
21
2
18
10
2
1
13
5
104
Brier Creek
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Ellerbe Creek
18
4
2
5
17
1
12
4
1
1
6
4
75
Eno River
0
1
0
0
2
0
3
3
0
0
1
0
10
Little Lick Creek
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
5
0
10
Little River
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
Panther Creek
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Stirrup Iron Creek
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
5
Grand Total
27
8
4
5
39
5
24
19
8
3
22
8
172
33

6. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Program
As indicated in the City's permit and SMP, construction site runoff within the City of Durham is
regulated by the following entities:
■ Durham County Stormwater and Erosion Control Program: construction projects by entities that do not
have the power of eminent domain (private projects, covers most construction).
■ North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section: projects by
entities with eminent domain authority, projects that are publicly funded, exempt agricultural uses,
and state -permitted mining uses.
■ North Carolina Department of Transportation: state road projects and work within North Carolina road
rights -of -way.
Durham County requires permits for all projects that disturb more than 12,000 square feet and an
approved erosion control plan for projects that disturb more than 20,000 square feet. The other
entities require an erosion control plan for all sites that disturb more than one acre under the North
Carolina Erosion Control Law.
In November 2018, NCDEMLR issued an updated Model Ordinance for sedimentation and erosion
control. Durham County began the process of updating its ordinance to match the model ordinance,
while also including additional programmatic updates designed to address local issues, strengthen
legal language with regards to permitting and enforcement, and provide enhanced environmental
protection.
The most significant changes include limiting disturbed area at any one time on construction sites to
20 acres, requiring additional information for agricultural exemptions, new stockpile height and
slope requirements, and sizing requirements for sediment basins that are to be used for permanent
stormwater control measures. These updates were approved by the Sedimentation Control
Commission in May 2019 and adopted by the City Council and Board of County Commissioners in
November 2019. However, in a follow up with the Sedimentation Control Commission in February
2020, the Commission required Durham County to remove the requirements for additional
information for agricultural exemptions. These new requirements will not take effect until the
revision is made in Summer 2020.
Non-exempt private projects under the jurisdiction of the Durham County Stormwater and Erosion
Control Program are subject to more stringent disturbance limits and other requirements.
Construction site runoff from these development activities is controlled under provisions of a Unified
Development Ordinance (UDO) adopted by both the City of Durham and the County of Durham. As
provided in Section 3.8.1 of the UDO, the ordinance applies to certain land -disturbing activities
anywhere with Durham County, including the City of Durham, and is enforced by the Durham County
Sedimentation and Erosion (S & E) Control Officer, which is delegated and authorized by the North
Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section. Staff includes the
Division Manager, a Stormwater Manager, and three Stormwater and Erosion Control Technicians
who conduct plans reviews, and site visits of active construction projects monthly and after major
rain events. Two new positions, an Erosion Control Supervisor and a GIS Analyst, were approved in
the FY2021 Budget.
In an attempt to improve response to citizen complaints and better educate citizens on erosion
control violations, Durham County partners with the Haw Riverkeeper in implementing the Muddy
Water Watch program. Muddy Water Watch is a citizen engagement tool where anyone with access
34

to a smartphone can use an app to submit erosion control concerns. The app provides location, date,
and time data and the user can input photos and comments. The concerns are then emailed directly
to the Division Manager and the Riverkeeper for review.
Durham County is also incorporating GIS into its inspections process through the use of iPads and
ESRI's Surface 123 app. Development of the Survey began in Spring 2019 and beta testing began in
June. The Survey will allow for inspection reports to be generated on iPads while also collecting GIS
data on construction sites. Additionally, a dashboard has been created for use in the office. The
dashboard will include further reporting capabilities as well as inspection planning and mapping.
Beta testing continued throughout the Fall of 2019, with administrative staff utilizing the new
platforms for plan submittals and field staff conducting inspections with the iPads. County Staff
presented about this new initiative at the 2020 International Erosion Control Association Annual
Conference in Raleigh, NC in February 2020. Full migration of the County's stormwater and erosion
control database was scheduled for Spring 2020 but was delayed due to a malware attack and
COVI D-19.
For projects with public funding and projects carried out by entities with the power of eminent
domain, the North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources (NCDEMLR), Land
Quality Section reviews and approves erosion and sediment control plans and conducts inspections.
Durham County regularly contacts NCDEMLR staff regarding state -permitted sites if concerns are
noted. On occasion, County staff have conducted courtesy inspections of state projects and
forwarded information to state officials.
Development activity remained high during the most recent reporting period and IDDE investigations
of such activities remain one of the most common types for our workgroup. As reported in Section 5,
the City's IDDE program conducted 27 investigations (~16% of all sources found) that involved
erosion and sediment discharges during the reporting period. The City has continued to experience
an increase in reports of erosion and sediment issues attributed to the increase in housing and
commercial developments in the City, as well as the installation of underground fiber optic cable by
internet service provider companies.
Seven of the 43 investigations where sediment control efforts were not adequate were at county- or
state -inspected projects. The remaining 20 were at small private construction sites, public utility
work sites, and fiber optic directional drilling sites. We observed that most issues resulted from a
failure to install erosion and sediment control devices, failure to implement good housekeeping
measures, or both. Where sediment had entered a city street, drainage system, or creek, the Water
Quality unit conducted enforcement when necessary to bring the site into compliance with the City's
Stormwater Management and Pollution Control Ordinance.
35

Table 6-1. Submittals Summary
ID
Zone
Project
Date Submitted
Plan Required
Disturbed Area
6028
1
Duke University Central
Campus Parking
7/5/2019
Yes
1,176,120
6030
1
836 Mangum Townhomes
7/10/2019
Yes
24,549
6032
1
Longview
7/24/2019
Yes
84,942
6040
1
614 Rigsbee Ave
8/14/2019
Yes
54,091
6044
1
Duke University Legacy
Utility Enabling
8/30/2019
Yes
111,164
6065
1
Miracle League at
American
10/16/2019
Yes
100,000
6066
1
2001 & 2003 Wa Wa Ave.
11/1/2019
Yes
14,150
6076
1
Trinity School Arts &
Engineering Bldg
11/13/2019
Yes
87,120
6082
1
Duke Univ. Williams Field
House Addition
11/21/2019
Yes
33,477
6094
1
North Roxboro Street
Condos
12/5/2019
Yes
41,035
6100
1
510 E. Pettigrew Street
Apartments
1/14/2020
Yes
152,460
6103
1
Duke Health - Genome
Court Plaza
1/16/2020
Yes
22,000
6110
1
Duke University
Undergraduate Admissions
Bldg
1/31/2020
Yes
29,185
6136
1
Duke University Sidewalk
Improvements
5/8/2020
Yes
54,014
6055
2
Croasdaile Farm North
Subdivision
9/19/2019
Yes
562,663
6064
2
1435 Camden Avenue
10/9/2019
Yes
98,445
6092
2
Cole Mill Road Hotel
12/5/2019
Yes
235,946
6108
2
Croasdaile Farm North
Subdivision
1/27/2020
Yes
161,236
6124
2
Towneplace Suites
4/17/2020
Yes
71,874
36

6112
3
Dollar General
1/31/2020
Yes
55,321
6048
5
Merck Stage 2 DS-4
9/6/2019
Yes
1,001,880
6051
5
224 Mason Road
9/13/2019
Yes
30,056
6058
6
FKC Eno River
10/2/2019
Yes
62,332
6138
6
Caliber Car Wash
5/7/2020
Yes
40,650
6105
7
Bucher Mitigation Site
1/22/2020
Yes
2,640,000
6123
7
Gamble Residence
3/6/2020
Yes
101,495
6026
8
Off Leash K-9 Training
Center
7/1/2019
Yes
255,697
6031
8
Parmer 14
7/18/2019
Yes
1,959,024
6035
8
Cree Pipe Bridge
8/5/2019
Yes
2,850
6056
8
Grove Park Lake Dredging
9/20/2019
Yes
214,000
6063
8
Carthage Street Industrial
10/8/2019
Yes
112,809
6070
8
Carthage Street Industrial
10/30/2019
Yes
264,000
6071
8
Holloway Street ABC Store
10/31/2019
Yes
43,560
6075
8
Sagewood - Individual Lots
11/8/2019
Yes
459,558
6077
8
Davis Park East
11/15/2019
Yes
879,915
6083
8
The Corners @ Brier Creek
- Infrastructure Develop
11/25/2019
Yes
522,720
6084
8
Dogwood Pointe - Phase 1
Lots 1-77
11/25/2019
Yes
205,509
6087
8
Falls Village Phase 1, 2 &
3
12/2/2019
Yes
4,181,690
6088
8
The Corners at Brier Creek
12/2/2019
Yes
696,690
6090
8
Fendol Farms - At Large
12/3/2019
Yes
3,757,485
6091
8
HUB - RTP
12/4/2019
Yes
1,960,200
6095
8
Churchill Commons - Lot 4
12/27/2019
Yes
63,510
6096
8
13335 Boyce Mill Road
12/31/2019
Yes
465,657
6101
8
Carthage Street Industrial
1/14/2020
Yes
264,000
6107
8
Alexander Industrial Park,
Lot 3
1/24/2020
Yes
130,680
37

6113
8
ABC Store Ravenstone
2/6/2020
Yes
60,283
6116
8
Meadows at Twin Lakes
2/14/2020
Yes
1,250,172
6119
8
Durham Polaris -
Showroom Expansion
2/27/2020
Yes
22,794
6120
8
AAA Storage
2/27/2020
Yes
197,550
6137
8
Olive Branch West
5/8/2020
Yes
1,335,313
6141
8
Ryan Major Homesite
Development
5/15/2020
Yes
133,729
6144
8
1309 Junction Road
5/22/2020
Yes
1,132,560
6153
8
HUB RTP Electrical
Improvements
6/22/2020
Yes
43,125
SW-
1924
8
HUB RTP
12/4/2019
Yes
1,960,200
SW-
1925
8
Churchhill Commons - Lot
4
12/27/2019
Yes
63,510
6027
9
Cree-Chemical Waste
Storage
7/1/2019
Yes
17,142
6029
9
Hopewell Academy
7/8/2019
Yes
731,832
6033
9
Patriot Business Park
Buildings 3 & 4
7/31/2019
Yes
1,158,696
6045
9
Harris Teeter Fuel Center
9/3/2019
Yes
40,946
6052
9
Patriot Business Park
Building 5
9/16/2019
Yes
609,840
6053
9
9 Laboratory Drive
9/17/2019
Yes
470,450
6059
9
FedEx Freight
10/2/2019
Yes
1,753,290
6060
9
Flex Buildings - TW
Alexander
10/7/2019
Yes
1,524,600
6061
9
Dual Flag Springhill Suites
& Towneplace Suites
10/7/2019
Yes
304,920
6067
9
Parmer Ellis
10/24/2019
Yes
416,945
6068
9
S. Miami Blvd Bldg
Expansion
10/28/2019
Yes
267,298
6099
9
Arringdon Lot 3
1/13/2020
Yes
6,610
6140
9
1225 Ellis Road
5/21/2020
Yes
36,285
IN

6150
9
Knier Flex
6/30/2020
Yes
176,854
SW-
1919
9
Parmer Ellis
10/24/2019
Yes
416,945
6038
10
6 Davis Drive Bldg 3 & 4
8/9/2019
Yes
827,640
6039
10
Alexander Industrial Park -
Bldg 1 Expansion
8/9/2019
Yes
52,362
6069
10
Social Security
Administration - Sidewalk
Addition
10/28/2019
Yes
1,810
6098
10
Towerview Business
Center
1/6/2020
Yes
56,382
6115
10
Davis Park East - Pod B
2/13/2020
Yes
500,940
6132
10
Tru Hotel
4/28/2020
Yes
67,150
6149
10
Park Point
6/25/2020
Yes
348,480
SW-
1913
10
6 Davis Drive Bldg #3 & #4
8/9/2019
Yes
827,640
SW-
2005
10
Park Point
6/25/2020
Yes
348,480
6050
11
NOVA-RTP, Mass Grading
9/13/2019
Yes
171,555
6072
11
5 Triangle Drive
10/31/2019
Yes
49,800
6073
11
Durham Mixed Use
11/1/2019
Yes
1,610,720
6080
11
55 @ the Park (Odessey
Townhomes Dev)
11/19/2019
Yes
890,000
6081
11
2540 Meridian Pkwy
11/19/2019
Yes
223,898
6086
11
Genesis - Phase 3
12/2/2019
Yes
650,800
6089
11
Genesis - Waterline
12/3/2019
Yes
105,415
6104
11
Project Bluejay
1/17/2020
Yes
2,613,600
6114
11
Capitola Storage
2/13/2020
Yes
121,077
6126
11
Ample Storage HWY-55
3/9/2020
Yes
144,170
6139
11
Courtney Creek Lots 1-13
4/20/2020
Yes
31,799
6148
11
NOVA RTP Site
4/13/2020
Yes
272,793
SW1922
11
5 Triangle Drive
10/31/2019
Yes
49,800
39

6109
12
Fayetteville Road
Townhomes
1/30/2020
Yes
168,627
6111
12
Highland Park - Phase 1
2/3/2020
Yes
54,015
6117
12
Elan Innovation District
2/27/2020
Yes
152,460
6129
12
1533 Brown Street
4/27/2020
Yes
43,560
6047
14
Sports Durst Mazda
9/6/2019
Yes
168,142
6054
14
751 South Phase 1 A, Lots
293,294,306,307,332,333
9/18/2019
Yes
46,160
6057
14
Johnson Victory Circle,
Southpoint Auto Park
10/1/2019
Yes
119,790
6062
14
Southpoint Hotel
10/7/2019
Yes
87,120
6079
14
The Landings at
Southpoint Phase 2
11/19/2019
Yes
140,000
6093
14
Hope Valley Commons
Business Park
12/5/2019
Yes
52,272
6102
14
Abby Ville/Wood
1/16/2020
Yes
33,976
6134
14
International Montessori
School
5/5/2020
Yes
111,502
6142
14
Creekside Commons
Phase 3 (Lots 60-104)
5/26/2020
Yes
118,919
6145
14
Providence at Southpoint
6/3/2020
Yes
273,708
6154
14
Courtyards @ South Point
New Hope Church
6/22/2020
Yes
65,340
6074
15
308 S. Alston Avenue
11/7/2019
Yes
31,363
6078
15
3719 Bivins Road
11/19/2019
Yes
72,287
SW-
1923
15
3719 Bivins Road
11/19/2019
Yes
72,287
6147
20
Kendrick Estates
6/22/2020
Yes
784,080
Total
111
Canine Waste Removal Ordinance.
A Canine Waste ordinance became effective on September 14, 2016. The law applies to any public
property, public right-of-way, or private property without the permission of a private property owner.
The ordinance is enforced by the Durham County Sheriff's Office as described in the Durham County
Code of Ordinances, Article VI Animal Nuisance, Section 4-140 Removal of Canine Waste.
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41

7. Development and Re -development Program
Post -Construction Program Site Runoff Controls
Table 7.1 below summarizes the stormwater management measures that were to be implemented,
their measurable goals, and the status of those goals during the reporting period. Many of the
measurable goals have already been attained through programs that, as stated above, have been in
place for many years. There were only subtle revisions scheduled or planned for these programs, and
implementation will continue to be ongoing. For those management measures and measurable goals
for which changes were planned and implemented during the past year, the progress on those goals
has been summarized under the "Status" column
Table 7.1 SCM Summary Table for Post Construction Site Runoff Controls
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Maintain by ordinance a program to address stormwater
Ordinance revisions were adopted on
runoff from new development and redevelopment in all
5/20/2019.
areas of the City.
Maintain the Reference Guide for Development and City of
Ongoing. Revisions to the Reference Guide
Durham Addendum to the NC DEQ Stormwater Best
for Development are periodic to stay current
Management Practices Manual.
with State requirements and general
program improvement.
Continue to implement the City's stormwater development
Ongoing. See (a) on page 3.
(a) Post -Construction Stormwater
Management Program
review process, which includes site plan and construction
drawing review, to ensure compliance with the ordinance
and SCM design standards.
Maintain the City's stormwater SCM as -built approval
Ongoing.
process.
Further improve and add additional functionality to the
Ongoing improvements. See (a) on page 3.
Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) Tool ("the Tool").
Train Stormwater Development Review staff.
Ongoing training. See (a) on page 3.
Maintain strategies that include a combination of
Ongoing.
structural and/or non-structural SCMs implemented in
concurrence with (a) above.
(b) Strategies which include
Continue to require Stormwater Impact Analysis for each
Ongoing. Stormwater Impact Analysis still
SCMs appropriate for the MS4
development project.
required for each development project.
Provide a mechanism to require long-term operation and
See (d) below.
maintenance of structural SCMs. Require annual
inspection reports of permitted structural SCMs performed
by a qualified professional.
Revisions to the City Code adopted
Use recorded plats and recorded Operation and
5/20/2019 removed future requirements
Maintenance Agreements to indicate restrictions that
for Stormwater Facility Agreements. The City
convey with a property as one way of ensuring that
Code and recorded plats are utilized to
development projects will continue to be operated and
ensure development projects continue to be
(c) Deed Restrictions and
maintained consistent with approved plans.
operated and maintained consistent with
Protective Covenants
approved plans.
Ongoing.
Use recorded conservations easements to protect
property.
Ongoing. Revisions to the City Code adopted
5/20/2019 removed future requirements
For each structural SCM required by ordinance, require an
for Stormwater Facility Agreements,
(d1) Operation and Maintenance
executed and recorded stormwater facility agreement with
however, the City Code requirements and
(0&M)
property owner(s) that requires long-term operation and
the City's post -construction program
maintenance.
ensures long-term operation and
maintenance. (See Section 7.4.1 below for
additional information.)
WIA

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
For each completed structural SCM required by ordinance,
Ongoing. The as-builts for 100% of the
require an operation and maintenance plan, i.e. 0&M
SCMs which were completed during the
Manual, which lists specific inspection and maintenance
reporting period included an O&M manual.
activities required to ensure the proper functioning and
upkeep of a particular SCM. The property owner/permittee
is responsible for maintaining the facility per the recorded
stormwater facility agreement, and City ordinance.
Require annual inspection reports of permitted structural
Ongoing. 1,114 inspection reports
SCMs performed by a qualified professional.2
submitted in the report period.
Conduct annual quality assurance inspections on a portion
Ongoing. The City conducted quality
of all reports, including at least one from each certified
assurance site inspections on 56/0 of all
inspector submitting reports.
reports, including at least one report from
each certified inspector submitting reports.
(d2) Operation and Maintenance
Conduct field assessment of City -owned structural SCMs to
Ongoing. Staff conducted field assessments
for municipally -owned or
verify conditions, operational issues, and maintenance
of all City -owned SCMs within the reporting
maintained structural stormwater
needs.
period.
SCMs
Conduct seminars for engineers, architects, and
Two seminars were held during the
developers at least twice a year.
reporting period, September 12, 2019, and
June 25, 2020.
(e) Educational materials and
Distribute information on post -construction program
"Development
Three (3) announcements were sent to the
development community during the
training for developers
changes via the Community" e-mail list.
reporting period.
Conduct voluntary SCM handoff meetings with developers
Ongoing. Two SCM handoff meetings were
and Homeowner's Associations of single-family residential
held during the reporting period. July 9,
subdivisions.
2019, and June 10, 2020.
Most of the City's post -construction program has been in place for many years, with significant
evolution occurring in ordinance revisions in 2001, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2019. For the remainder
of the permit term beginning October 2018, specific changes are expected to be needed as new or
better information becomes available or evolving conditions warrant, such as the Neuse rules
revision. No specific changes were planned for this reporting period.
For further information about the City of Durham's Post -Construction Storm Water Management
Program, please see Section 7.6 of the City's Stormwater Management Program Plan.
7.1 Post Construction Stormwater Management Program
The Performance Standards for New Development Ordinance was adopted on April 18, 2005. The
most recent revisions were adopted on 5/20/2019. Stormwater & GIS services fully implemented
the ordinance during the reporting period. The Jordan Lake Stormwater Management for New
Development regulations were removed and replaced with NPDES Phase II regulations on
5/20/2019.
The Reference Guide for Development was also updated in the reporting period. Revisions for
Section 8.6 were finalized and incorporated into the Reference Guide. Also, an alternative
application procedure was included for formal requests to possibly vary the means of compliance
based on new technology, unusual field conditions, industry hardships, etc. A proprietary SCM not
included in the design requirements would be an example of a potential request. Staff continued to
vet NCDEQ's new Stormwater Design Manual incorporating Minimum Design Criteria (MDCs) and
2 A qualified professional means a North Carolina Professional Engineer (NC PE) or NC Registered Landscape Architect (NC
RLA) trained and/or certified in the design, operation, inspection and maintenance aspects of the SCMs being inspected.
For example, someone trained and certified by NC State University for SCM Inspection and Maintenance is a qualified
professional. For a more comprehensive discussion of this facet of SCM operation and maintenance, please see
htto://durhamnc.P-ov/695/BCE-As-Builts-BMC-Maintenance-Programs .
43

discussed needed addenda if/when the City decides to adopt this latest design manual or some
variation of it.
The SCM Tool was extensively used during the reporting period. The Tool serves as the inventory of
structural SCMs and has the functionality to input, manage, and query project regulatory compliance,
drainage area, SCM maintenance inspections and compliance, and nutrient loading information.
Minor improvements installed during the reporting year include:
■ Revision of SCM types in SCM table and dashboard tab to further distinguish sand filter types.
■ Changes to the Nutrient Bank and NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program Offset forms. Code was
added back into the module and the forms were updated.
■ Changes to the Regulatory Basin report to include the stormwater reviewer.
■ Changes to the Regulatory tab in support of new SNAP requirements.
■ Changes to the "Maintenance Certification Reviews summary" to report on reviews that take longer
than 5 days to complete based on the "Created When" and "Review Date" fields.
■ Conversion of database from older .MDB file format to newer .ACCDB file format.
■ Changes to drainage tables to support the SNAP tool (drainage area and loading calculations).
Training of Stormwater Development Review staff continued throughout the reporting period. This
included weekly internal training and external or online training given by North Carolina State
University, the NCDEQ, the American Public Works Association, and other organizations. Professional
Development Hour (PDH) credits were given for a number of these training sessions.
7.2 Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate for
the MS4
7.3 Deed Restrictions and Covenants
Revisions to the City Code adopted on 5/20/2019 removed future requirements for Stormwater
Facility Agreements. City Code requirements, recorded plats, Declaration of Covenants, Conditions,
and Restrictions (CC&Rs), as well as approved Operation and Maintenance (0&M) Manuals, ensure
SCMs are operated and maintained per approved plans.
7.4 Operation and Maintenance Plan
7.4.1 Privately owned Structural SCMs
A total of 38 stormwater facility agreements were prepared during the reporting period (nine
commercial, nine residential, fifteen supplemental commercial, three supplemental residential, and
two amendments). The revisions described in Section 7.3 also apply to privately -owned SCMs. An
0&M Manual is a required element of every as -built submittal package. The as-builts for 100% of the
SCMs which were completed during the reporting period included an 0&M manual.
An operation and maintenance (0&M) manual is a required element of every as -built submittal
package. 0&M manuals are required before SCMs are approved (during as -built submittal unless
approved during construction drawing approval) and after SCMs are approved within each annual
inspection report submittal. Requirements can be found within Article X of the Durham City Code
(Section 70-742 for the initial 0&M manual and 70-743 under perpetual maintenance). Section 8.6
of the Reference Guide for Development further defines the requirement of the initial 0&M manual.
A Letter to Industry dated 12/18/13 specifies the preparation requirements of the 0&M manual.
The BMP Annual Maintenance Certification Protocol specifies the requirement for the 0&M manual
with each annual inspection report submittal. A Letter to Industry dated 4/26/2020 also specifies
MA

the requirement for the 0&M manual with each annual inspection report submittal. The City views
0&M manuals as dynamic documents due to the aging/maturing of each SCM, evolution of SCM
maintenance practices, and to identify specific issues/remedies observed during annual inspections.
The City continued to improve upon its efforts in achieving compliance with SCM annual inspection
report requirements during the reporting period. The City adopted strategies, e.g. tiered enforcement,
to increase compliance rate. The tiered enforcement includes Notices of Regulatory Requirements,
Notices of Breach, Director's Notices, and Notices of Violations. The following notices were issued
during the reporting period:
■ Notices of Regulatory Requirements - 642
■ Notices of Breach - 98
■ Director's Notices - 0
■ Notices of Violation - 10
Notices of Regulatory Requirements were issued to all SCM owners approximately 45 days in
advance of compliance deadline dates to notify of the inspection and report obligations. Notices of
Breach and Director's Notices were issued after the expiration of compliance deadlines. 3 Notices of
Violation were issued after the expiration of additional/extended compliance deadlines and included
proposed monetary civil penalties. The most common reasons for issuing the Notices of Breach and
Notices of Violation were for failing to submit an annual inspection report and failing to complete
identified repairs and submitting a passing inspection report. The utilization of the first four steps
initially improved the compliance rate from the previous reporting period. The City also utilized soft
enforcement strategies, e.g., education and SCM handoff meetings, to increase compliance rates. It
is important to note the effect of COVID-19 on compliance and notifications. The City ceased issuing
compliance notifications to SCM owners beginning March 15, 2020, due to local and state
emergency declarations which continued throughout the remainder of the reporting period.
Consequently, compliance rates significantly decreased during the state of emergency declaration.
The City intends to resume issuing compliance notifications upon revocation of the local state of
emergency declaration and upon recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the City
expects to implement monetary civil penalties during the upcoming year. The City also anticipates
finalizing the SCM Maintenance Program's Compliance and Enforcement Guidelines.
The City received 1,114 annual inspection reports within the reporting period. Of these reports, 990
were accepted and 124 were rejected for inaccuracies or errors. Additionally, 251 SCMS failed their
initial annual inspection during the reporting period which required an additional inspection report
upon completion of repairs. The City conducted quality assurance site inspections on 78% of all
privately owned SCMs and 56% of all reports received within the reporting period, including at least
one report from each certified inspector submitting reports.
7.4.2 City -owned Structural SCMs
Routine maintenance was performed on City -owned SCMs by the department responsible for the
SCM. The City utilized the same inspection checklist for annual maintenance certification as is
required of private SCM owners and completed them a minimum of once per year per facility. The
City will continue to improve its operation and maintenance of municipally owned or maintained
SCMs during the FY 2021 reporting period.
3 With exception of SCMs with annual inspection months between April and June of 2020; due to COVID-19 and local/state
emergency declarations
45

7.5 Educational Materials and Training for Developers
7.5.1 Seminars
Two seminars were held during the reporting period. Dates and agendas are provided below:
Table 7.2 Developer Seminars July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020
Date of Seminar
Agenda
September 12, 2019
0 Ageing Infrastructure Repairs, Chris Gibby, Southeast Regional Sales,
UMA, Geotechnical Construction, Inc.
■ Wetland Plant Spotlight, Ian Peterson, PE, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater Development Review
■ City of Durham Storm Drainage Video Inspection Requirements, Brian
Sessoms, PE, Department of Public Works, Engineering Development
Review
■ City of Durham Engineering Development Review Information &
Discussion, Robert Joyner, PE, Department of Public Works, Engineering
Development Review
■ Phasing of Projects (Utilities, Stormwater, Road Systems)
■ Construction Access and Haul Roads for Projects
■ Drainage Solutions (Lot to Lot Issues)
■ Dedication of Easement on Plats
June 25, 2020
0 Walk-Through/Demo of a Digital Submittal, Pete Sullivan, AICP & Tiki
Bigelow, City of Durham Development Services Center
■ Establishing Permanent Grass Around SCMs, Shea Bolick, PE, PLS, CFM,
City of Durham Stormwater Development Review
7.5.2 Electronic Mail Communication
Stormwater & GIS Services also communicates with developers using a Development Community
email list. The following emails were sent during the reporting period:
■ 8/8/19 - Letter to Industry (sent on behalf of Engineering Development Review) - Southeast
Regional Lift Station Service Area and Githens School Basin Sanitary Sewer Lift Station
■ 8/27/19 - Save the Date for upcoming Public Works Seminar in September (to be held on
9/12/19)
■ 9/6/19 - Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 9/12/19)
■ 9/6/19 - Copy of presentation from 9/12/19 Public Works Seminar
■ 11/19/19 - Cancellation Notice for quarterly Public Works Seminar in December
■ 11/21/19 - Invitation to a Holiday Mixer for Professional Service Firms (sent on behalf of the
City of Durham Equity and Inclusion Department)
■ 12/4/19 - Letter to Industry (sent on behalf of the Development Services Center) - FEMA
Mapping and Insurance Effective Dates
■ 1/9/20 - Letter to Industry - Revisions to the Reference Guide for Development Section 8.6
■ 2/10/20 - Save the Date for Public Works Seminar (to be held on 3/12/20)
■ 3/6/20 - Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 3/12/20)
■ 3/10/20 - Cancellation Notice for Public Works Seminar (to be held on 3/12/20)
M

■ 3/20/20 - Notice for closure of City Hall to walk-in customers
■ 6/16/20 - Announcement for upcoming Public Works Seminar (to be held on 6/25/20)
• 6/24/20 - Reminder of Public Works Seminar (to be held on 6/25/20)
The voluntary SCM handoff meeting program begun in 2013 was continued during the reporting
year. These meetings are facilitated by City staff in coordination with the project developer and
HOA, when requested or as deemed necessary. The following SCM handoff meetings were
facilitated within the reporting period:
■ July 8, 2019 - Stonehill Estates Subdivision (in -person)
■ June 10, 2020 - Montclair Subdivision (virtual)
7.6 Other items of interest
Jordan Lake has a TMDL for chlorophyll a. The TMDL is expressed as nitrogen and phosphorus
loading. For all City of Durham new development projects triggering the Jordan Lake applicability
thresholds and submitted prior to the 5/20/2019 revision to the City Code, nitrogen and phosphorus
reductions were required per the Jordan Lake rules. If development projects submitted prior to City
Code revisions were not approved, applicants could use permit of choice in accordance with Session
Law 2015-246. Such projects would be evaluated under the current ordinance which no longer
requires nutrient reduction in the Jordan Lake watershed. The Jordan Lake nutrient requirements
were removed from the City Code on 5/20/2019 per State law as well as the new permit. NPDES
Phase II requirements replaced the void left by the abolishment of the Jordan Lake Stormwater
Management for New Development regulations.
7.6.1 Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW) Protections
The City is required to establish nutrient sensitive waters (NSW) protection measures for programs
with development or redevelopment draining to NSW waters: Neuse, Falls Lake, and Jordan Lake.
The city is also required to maintain and implement an ordinance approved by the NC Environmental
Management Commission which implements NSW protection measures. The following protection
measures have been established:
■ 2001 - Neuse NSW program established.
■ 2010 - N & P loading limits for Falls Lake and Jordan Lake adopted.
■ 2012 - Full Jordan and Falls NSW programs adopted.
Implementation was ongoing during the reporting period. Note that the Jordan Lake Stormwater
Management for New Development regulations were removed and replaced with NPDES Phase II
regulations on 5/20/2019.
The City continues to submit to NCDENR annual reports for the Neuse, Jordan, and Falls NSW
strategies. The most recent were submitted as described below:
■ The Falls Lake New Development Annual Report was submitted on 9/26/2019 and covered
the reporting period July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019.
■ Neuse Annual Report, including New Development section was submitted 10/30/2019.
■ Jordan Lake Stage One Existing Development Annual Report for 2018-2019 was submitted
10/ 1/2019.
7.7 Highlights for the coming year
The following minor changes are proposed to improve the functionality of the SCM Tool database:
47

■ Creation of a reduced version of the SCM tool database for field inspections.
■ Minor changes to SCM drainage tables and regulatory basin reports to enhance annual
report abilities.
The following changes are proposed for the Reference Guide for development:
■ Revision of Section 8.1(Stormwater Impact Analysis) to incorporate changes due to the use
of the new SNAP Tool and to comply with session law.
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8. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
Table 8.1: BMP Summary Table for Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible Position
Maintain an inventory of municipal facilities
and operations owned and operated by the
Water Quality Analyst
8.1 Inventory municipal
permittee that have been determined by the
(inspection, enforcement),
erations
facilities and operations
permittee to have significant potential for
Ongoing
Stormwater Development
generating polluted stormwater runoff. Also,
Review Staff
maintain an inventory of municipally -owned
structural SCMs.
Implement an inspection and operations
program owned and operated by the permittee
for potential sources of polluted runoff,
including stormwater controls and conveyance
Inventory and inspection
8.2 Inspection and
systems. The inspection program shall evaluate
records maintained in the
Facility Pollution Prevention
maintenance program for
pollutant sources, document deficiencies, plan
Stormwater Inspections
Teams & Water Quality
municipal facilities and
corrective actions, implement appropriate
controls, and document the accomplishment of
Database are reviewed
Analyst (inspection,
operations
corrective actions. The maintenance program
annually to produce Table
enforcement)
shall include maintenance activities and
8.2 and Table 8.3
procedures aimed at preventing or reducing
pollutants generated from municipal facilities
and operations.
Maintain and implement Site Pollution
8.3 Site Pollution
Prevention Plans for municipal facilities owned
100% of NPDES-permitted
Facility Pollution Prevention
Prevention Plans for
and operated by the permittee that have been
have SPPPs.
Teams & Water Quality
municipal facilities
determined by the permittee to have significant
23 of 30 non-NPDES have
Analyst (inspection,
potential for generating polluted stormwater
SPPPs.
enforcement)
runoff.
Maintain spill response procedures for
8.4 Spill Response
municipal facilities and operations owned and
Facility Pollution Prevention
Procedures for municipal
operated by the permittee that have been
SPPPs reviewed during
Teams & Water Quality
facilities and operations
determined by the permittee to have significant
site inspections
Analyst (inspection,
potential for generating polluted stormwater
enforcement)
runoff.
Describe measures that prevent or minimize
contamination of the stormwater runoff from all
areas used for vehicle and equipment cleaning,
including fire stations that serve more than
three fire trucks and ambulances. Perform all
cleaning operations indoors, cover the cleaning
operations, ensure wash water drains to the
sanitary sewer system, collect stormwater
runoff from the cleaning area, and provide
treatment or recycling, or other equivalent
measures. If sanitary sewer is not available to
the facility and cleaning operations take place
outdoors, the cleaning operations shall take
8.5 Prevent or minimize
place on grassed or graveled areas to prevent
Facility Pollution Prevention
contamination of
point source discharges of the wash water into
Teams & Water Quality
stormwater runoff from all
the storm drains or surface waters.
Ongoing
Analyst (inspection,
areas used for vehicle and
Where cleaning operations cannot be
enforcement)
equipment cleaning
performed as described above and when
operations are performed in the vicinity of a
storm drainage collection system, the drain is
to be covered with a portable drain cover
during cleaning activities. Any excess standing
water shall be removed and properly handled
before removing the drain cover.
Facilities that have three or fewer fire trucks
and ambulances should attempt to comply with
the above requirements; however, those that
cannot comply with these requirements due to
existing limitations shall incorporate structural
measures during facility renovation to the
extent practicable.
w•

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible Position
The permittee shall implement BMPs to reduce
Assistant Public Works
8.6 Streets, roads, and
polluted stormwater runoff from municipally-
Director for Operations,
public parking lots
owned streets, roads, and public parking lots
Ongoing
Street Cleaning Supervisor,
maintenance
within the corporate limits.
Water Quality Analyst
(inspection, enforcement)
The permittee shall maintain and implement an
Facility Pollution Prevention
8.7 Inspection and
inspection and maintenance program for
Teams, Public Works
Maintenance (I&M) for
stormwater control measures (SCMs) owned
Stormwater Infrastructure,
municipally -owned or
and operated by the municipality and the
Ongoing
Public Works Stormwater
maintained SCMs and the
municipal stormwater sewer system (including
Maintenance Supervisor
storm sewer system
catch basins, the conveyance system, and
(See Section 7-2(e2)
SCMs).
Pollution Prevention
Maintain and implement a training plan that
Designated workgroups
Coordinator, Water Quality
8.8 Staff training
indicates when, how often, who is required to
are trained according to a
Analyst (inspection,
be trained and what they are to be trained on.
priority schedule
enforcement), Site Pollution
Prevention Teams
8.1 Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.2 Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.3 Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations
8.3.1 Municipal Inspection Priority System
Municipal facilities are inspected according to the following priority order (listed highest to lowest):
1. Facilities requiring follow-up inspection to document completion of corrective actions
2. Special Action Plan facilities
3. High priority
4. Medium priority
5. Low priority
6. Lowest priority
An explanation of facility category assignment and occasional reassignment may be found in the
City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document,
available upon request.
Table 8.2: Summary of municipal facility priority categories, associated risk of stormwater pollution, and
inspection frequency. (Data as of 31-Oct-2020)
Special
Category 4
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Lowest Priority
Action
Risk of Stormwater
Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Pollution
Inspection Frequency
Quarterly
3x per year
2x per year
1x per year
1x every 3 years
Number of facilities
1
0
13
1
20
50

Table 8.3: City "hot spot" facilities with their corresponding priority levels. The facilities in bold type are NPDES
General Stormwater permittees.
Facility
Special
Action
Plan
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Public Works Operations Center
X
Fleet Maintenance
X
Go Durham Transit Facility*
X
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
X
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center*
X
General Services
X
Brown Water Treatment Plant
X
Williams Water Treatment Plant
X
Water Management Administration
X
Hillandale Golf Courset
X
Fire Dept. Maintenance Garage
X
Transportation Sign and Signal Shop
X
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
X
Fire Dept. Training Academy
X
Fire Stations 1 - 19
X
* Facility is at least partially contract -operated by a third party.
t Property is owned by the City, but business is operated by a third party.
As seen in Table 8.3, the majority of (non -Fire Dept.) operations are assigned to the "Medium"
category. The priority system allows enough flexibility to accommodate fluctuations in risk and the
need for increased or decreased inspection frequency, as well as appropriate categories for new
operations.
8.3.2 Review of Municipality Owned or Operated Industrial Activities
City Water Quality IDDE staff members conducted inspections of the municipal activities recognized
in Table 8.4 (non -permitted activities) and Table 8.5 (NPDES-permitted activities). Additional targeted
field operations are identified in Table 8.6.
Facilities reported as non -compliant with stormwater rules or having a foreseeable risk of stormwater
pollution that cannot be fully resolved during an inspection are all given a follow-up inspection to
ensure corrective or preventative actions are taken.
Inspections are conducted according to the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program
Standard Operating Procedures (document available upon request). IDDE inspectors are escorted by
one or more members of the facility's stormwater pollution prevention team. Inspections focus on
identification of stormwater pollution issues and development of strategies for preventing or
addressing compliance issues.
Where instances of non-compliance or other foreseeable stormwater issues were observed, facility
pollution prevention teams were responsive in evaluating, improving, or implementing best
management practices.
51

For municipal industrial activities, inspections routinely include:
■ Inspection of:
o Areas of industrial activity (including material handling, storage, and loading/unloading areas)
o Stormwater discharge outfalls
o Spill response and cleanup supplies
■ Document review:
o Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
o Annual updates, changes, and amendments
o Qualitative and Quantitative Runoff Monitoring Data (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Annual employee training records (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Semi-annual self -inspection records (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Non-stormwater discharge and spill incident history (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Annual self -review of program effectiveness (for NPDES permitted activities)
■ Discussing BMPs for prospective operations and facility changes
Inspection reports, automatically generated by the Industrial Inspections MS Access Database, are
routinely provided to facility personnel upon completion of inspections, along with site photographs
and compliance assistance. Copies of inspection reports are available upon request.
In addition to site inspection results, the IDDE inspectors routinely send e-mail or inter -office
correspondence to remind facility pollution prevention team leaders of monitoring schedules,
deadlines, reissued General permits, etc.
Table 8.4 below contains a summary of runoff monitoring completion for the six NPDES-Permitted
facilities.
8.4 Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations
Each City of Durham municipal operation that has developed a SPPP has established site -specific
BMPs to address spill prevention, spill response, and spill kits. At a minimum, all spill kits contain
granular absorbent (or oil -absorbent pads) and absorbent spill control booms. In addition to facility
general use kits, granular absorbents are located at the City's two vehicle fueling islands.
For mobile operations, the City's HazMat trucks and fire trucks carry spill cleanup kits. Also, the City's
stormwater ordinance requires private wrecker trucks to carry spill cleanup kits. City garbage
collection trucks, Fleet Maintenance mobile service, and certain Transportation (Sign & Signal Shop)
crew vehicles are outfitted with spill cleanup kits. All spills that occur during City operations are
reported to Stormwater & GIS Services as part of the standardized City of Durham Spill Prevention
and Response Guidelines.
Stormwater Quality works closely with Solid Waste Management, Public Works Street Maintenance,
County Emergency Management, and the City Fire Department to coordinate the response to spills
that occur in the City or County right-of-way. First responders collect responsible party information to
pass on to the Stormwater Quality group where incidents impact surface waters or the storm
drainage system.
Stormwater Quality remains involved with the Local Emergency Planning Committee and periodically
attends meetings to give reports on incident response and further improve inter -agency coordination.
52

Stormwater Quality continues to assist Water Management on sanitary sewer overflows from the
municipal collection system. Pumps are installed downstream of the spill to collect contaminated
water and return it to the collection system when feasible.
8.5 Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas used for
vehicle and equipment cleaning
The City of Durham does not allow the washing of municipal or employee vehicles or equipment on
City grounds unless conducted at an approved wash facility. All approved municipal wash pits drain
to the sanitary sewer system via an approved pre-treatment device. City wash areas are listed in
Table 8.4 and Table 8.5.
The City of Durham contracts with a third party commercial car wash facility (Durham Ritz) for the
cleaning of fleet vehicles such as those used by the Police, Public Works, General Services, etc. This
car wash facility is routinely inspected and is presently approved for City use.
The City Fire Department continues to comply with the City's MS4 NPDES permit rule governing the
washing of emergency vehicles. Stormwater & GIS Services and the Fire Department continue to
investigate a renovation plan to allow vehicle washing at all Fire Stations. Until all stations have been
retrofitted (if possible), emergency vehicles may be brought to Stations 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, or 17
for washing. Wastewater from vehicle washing at those stations is directed into engineered retention
areas, grassed areas, or loosely graveled areas.
8.6 Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance
The City continues to implement BMPs addressing these surfaces. These BMPs include street
sweeping; removal of dead animals from streets, roads, and highways; litter pick up at key road
intersections; bus stop cleaning; and litter cleanup in the downtown area through City funding to
Downtown Durham, Inc.'s Durham Ambassadors Program. It also includes efforts to address
petroleum spills by ensuring City vehicles have cleanup kits readily available.
The City continues to conduct routine street sweeping using regenerative air sweepers. Table 8.9
summarizes results for street cleaning, litter pick up by city crews, and dead animal pick up during
the reporting period.
The City operates yard waste collection as a fee -for -service program that provides large roll -out carts
to collect leaf litter and other yard wastes, which are taken to the City's permitted compost facility.
8.7 Operation and Maintenance (0&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned storm
sewer system (including catch basins, the conveyance system, and structural
stormwater controls)
Operation and maintenance of structural SCMs owned by the City are addressed in Section 7(e).
During street sweeping, as reported above, catch basin grates are cleaned.
The City continues to operate two crews for video inspection and cleaning of inlets and connected
pipes. One crew is dedicated to maintenance while the other addresses complaints. Table 8.10
below provides a summary of system video inspection by municipal crews, together with some
common operation and maintenance activities. Inspection of the storm drainage system is also
accomplished using a dedicated contract to video inspect the storm drainage system and through
required video inspections of storm drainage systems of new developments before the City takes
ownership. Inspection of major outfalls is addressed as part of illicit discharge detection and
elimination, which is covered in Section 5 of this report.
53

Additional inspection, repair, and maintenance work took place under ten contracts administered by
Public Works Stormwater & GIS Services Division. A list of these contracts is regularly updated on the
City's website at http://durhamnc.gov/594/Stormwater-Construction-Repairs.
8.8 Staff training
Facility pollution prevention teams have been trained by IDDE inspectors in NPDES stormwater
permit compliance requirements. These include methods of collecting qualitative and quantitative
stormwater runoff samples to meet permit conditions and good practices in conducting thorough
self -inspections. The Pollution Prevention Coordinator conducts annual stormwater pollution
prevention training for all employees in multiple departments.
Training sessions consist of a pre -test, PowerPoint presentation, clips from our library of pollution
prevention and IDDE videos, a question and answer session, and a post-test. Training content
focuses on IDDE and five aspects of facility stormwater pollution prevention: Good Housekeeping,
Spill Prevention, Exposure Minimization, Maintenance, and Spill Cleanup.
Dates of each operation's employee stormwater training are listed in Table 8.4 and Table 8.5.
Table 8.4: Status summary of non-NPDES, "priority" municipal facilities and operations (7/1/2019 -
6/30/2020).
Stormwater
SPPP
Inspections By
Vehicle/Equipment
Employee
Pollution
Facility
Stormwater &
Status
washing area?
Training Date
Prevention Team
GIS Svcs
Leader
Solid Waste
Carlos Lyons, Solid
Disposal and
Completed
2/19/202
2/19/2020
No
Delayed*
Waste Operations
Recycling Center
Manager
General Services
Yes, in grassed area for
Alex Johnson, Operations
Maintenance Facility
Completed
2/13/2020
rinsing landscaping
Delayed*
Manager Dept. of
equipment
General Services
Williams Water
Daryll Kennedy,
Treatment Plant
Completed
9/16/2019
No
Delayed*
Dept. of Water
Management
Brown Water
Brian Thompson,
Treatment Plant
Completed
1/23/2020
No
Delayed*
Dept. of Water
Management
Water Management
7/19/2019
Steve Stewart,
Administration
Completed
2/28/2020
No
8/7/2019
Superintendent, Dept. of
Facility
Water Management
Fire Vehicle
Not inspected
(Part of Fleet
Billy Painter, Fire
Maintenance Garage
Completed
during permit year.
No
Maintenance
Maintenance Supervisor,
Training)
Fleet Maintenance
Incorporated into
Fire Training
Fire Vehicle
Not inspected
No
Delayed*
y
Chris lannuzzi, Deputy
Academy
Maintenance
during permit year.
Fire Chief
Garage SPPP
(Off -schedule
SPPPs completed
inspections of
Chris lannuzzi, Deputy
Fire Stations
for 15 of 19
station projects)
See Section (e) for details
2/18/2020
Fire Chief
stations
7/24/2019
7/29/2019
Stormwater
captured by
Phillip Powell, Asst.
Camden Avenue Salt
constructed
Inspected with
No
(Part of PWOC
Director (Operations),
Dome
wetland that
Fleet Maintenance
training)
Dept. of Public Works
discharges to a
forested area
Hillandale Public
Yes, cart rinse water is
Barry Tucker, Golf
Golf Course
Completed
7/29/2019
SCerred and released to
Delayed*
Course Superintendent
54

Stormwater
SPPP
Inspections By
Vehicle/Equipment
Employee
Pollution
Facility
Stormwater &
Status
washing area?
Training Date
Prevention Team
GIS Svcs
Leader
Danny Cochran & Chris
Sign & Signal Shop
Not developed
9/17/2019
No
Delayed*
Beasley, Transportation
Dept. Supervisors
Parks and
Recreation
Yes, has an indoor wash
Robert Jennings, Park
Operations and
Not developed
10/9/2019
area draining to sanitary
Delayed*
Superintendent, DPR.
Maintenance
sewer system
*Facility training delayed due to March 2020 cyberattack and social distancing requirements
enacted due to April 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Distance -learning is in development.
55

Table 8.5: Status summary of NPDES-permitted municipal facilities and operations (7/1/2019 - 6/30/2020).
Permit
Inspections By
Number or
Vehicle/Equipment
Employee
Facility
Stormwater &
Facility Contact
Certificate of
washing area?
Training Date
GIS Svcs
Coverage
9/3/2019
Charlie Cocker,
South Durham Water
NCG110082
9/
No
10/29/2019
Superintendent,
Reclamation Facility
8/201
9/18/2019
Department of Water
Management
John Dodson,
North Durham Water
NCG110092
12/3/2019
No
10/23/2019
Superintendent,
Reclamation Facility
Department of Water
Management
Joe Clark, Director,
Fleet Maintenance
NCG080771
10/18/2019
No
Delayed*
Department of Fleet
Maintenance
Solid Waste Vehicle
NCG080773
2242020
//
Yes, wash bay drains to
l
Deayed*
Carlos Lyons, Solid Waste
Wash Facility
sanitary sewer system
Operations Manager
Public Works
10/15/2019
1/21/2020
Yes, wash pit drains to
Phillip Powell, Asst.
Operations Center
NCG080776
2/6/2020
sanitary sewer system
10/4/2019
Director (Operations),
(PWOC)
6/3/2020
Dept. of Public Works
Go Durham Bus
NCG080788
Yes, wash bay drains to
Bob Losinieki,
Maintenance Facility
issued to contract
9/27/2019
sanitary sewer system
Delayed*
Maintenance Manager,
operator DCTC
DCTC
*Facility training delayed due to March 2020 cyberattack and social distancing requirements enacted due to April 2020 GOVID-19
pandemic. Distance -learning is in development.
56

Table 8.6: A summary of additional field operations conducted by multiple City departments where additional
stormwater pollution prevention guidance and/or training has been furnished or is in development.
Training or Guidance
Activity
Targeted Department/Facility
Provided?
Building repair
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Building maintenance
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Parking lot maintenance
Lanier Parking Solutions (contract operator)
Guidance, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
General Services
Turf management
Water Management
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Hillandale Golf Course
Swimming pool discharges
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
General Services
Grading, land development, and construction
Public Works
Both, by Stormwater & GIS Services
Water Management
57

Table 8.7. Analytical and qualitative stormwater runoff monitoring compliance at NPDES-permitted municipal
facilities.
Stormwater Runoff Monitoring Compliance
Facility
7/1/2019 - 6/30/2020
City Owned
City Operated
Fleet Maintenance
(1) 19/2019
Yes
Yes
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
1/13/2020
Yes
Yes
Public Works Operation Center
(0/17/2019
Yes
Yes
North Durham Water
(4)
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility *
4/20/2020
South Durham Water
7/7/2019
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility *
12/11/2019
Go Durham Facility
11/27/2019
5/28/2020
Yes
No
(1), (3): January -June 2020 sampling disrupted by occurrence of cyberattack and COVID-19 pandemic.
(2) Facility industrial activity was offline due to renovation during the July - December 2019 period. No sample was collected.
(4): Data unavailable
*Qualitative monitoring only. Facility is not required to conduct analytical monitoring because vehicle maintenance activities are not
conducted onsite.
K9

Table 8.8: Quarterly schedule of municipal facility operations. This schedule accounts for differing inspection
frequency according to priority level.
Facility Name
Jul -Sep
Oct -Dec
Jan -Mar
Apr -Jun
Priority Level
Inspection Frequency
City of Durham Public Works Operations Center
X
X
X
X
Special Action Plan
Quarterly
Brown Water Treatment Plant
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Fire Maintenance Garage
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Fleet Maintenance
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham General Services
Ix
Ix
I
IMunicipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Sign and Signal Shop
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Water Management Administration
Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Williams Water Treatment Plant
X
X
Municipal - Medium
12x per year
Go Durham Maintenance Facility
IX
X
Municipal - Medium
12x per year
Hillandale Golf Course
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
Ix
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
X
Municipal - Low
1x per year
City of Durham Fire Department Training Academy
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #1
Ix
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #2
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #3
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #4
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #5
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #6
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #7
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #8
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #9
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #10
X
IMunicipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #11
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #12
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #13
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #14
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #15
X
Municipal - Lowest
IThree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #16
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #17
X
EIEI
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #18
X
IMunicipal
- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #19
Ix
I
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
59

Table 8.9. Summary of street and bus stop cleaning activities.
Month
Curb/Paved
Miles Swept
Sweeping
Material
Collected,
cubic yards
Sweeping
Material
Disposed,
tons
Number of Litter
Routes
Completed
Hand Litter
Collected, tons
Bus Stop
Cleanings
Bus Stop
Material
Disposed,
tons
Dead Animal
Pick -Up from
Streets
July 2019
3,088
430
231.76
186
23.29
1,705
15.60
203
August
3,578
490
209.94
187
23.59
1,408
15.25
142
September
2,649
670
198.99
156
20.03
1,389
11.17
137
October
2,503
517.5
165.86
147
21.65
1,812
15.94
148
November
1,786
440
160.33
126
17.68
1,314
12.05
138
December
1,720
905
353.36
133
20.28
1,416
15.84
160
January 2020
1,714
700
315.88
130
23.67
1,378
17.52
188
February
1,681
350
181.09
116
21.06
1,147
15.94
139
March
1,886
140
204.21
153
24.52
1,330
15.87
176
April*
302*
No Data**
0*
4*
3.43*
1,421*
8.94*
35*
May
1,747
650
279.98
126
27.76
1,154
16.83
146
June
2,759
300
157.74
163
28.53
1,229
16.83
182
Total
25,413
5,592.5
2,459.14
1,627
255.49
16,703
177.78
1,794
2017-18 Total
20,530
6,650
2,722.82
1,548
242.88
21,549
190.6
1,572
2016-17 Total
21,117
6,400
2,855.81
1,684
275.84
18,270
126.48
1,663
2015-16 Total
31,660
6,350
3,350
1,520
212
24,294
97.51
1,614
2014-15 Total
28,892
8,230
4,695
2,008
288
28,186
149
1,560
* During the month of April 2020, due to the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown, Street Maintenance Operations was running with a minimal crew and only addressing critical issues. This resulted
in low numbers in most of the measures for April.
* * Due to a cyberattack on the City's network on March 6, 2020, files were lost that contain this specific data (cubic yds of sweeping material collected)
•E

Table 8.10. Summary of Public Works drainage system maintenance activities.
Pipe Inspection & Cleaning
Street Ditching
Catch Basin Repairs
Month
Total Pipe Feet Videoed
Total Feet of Pipe Vactor-
ed
Total Linear Feet
Number of Catch Basins
July 2019
4,100
2,055
1,347
8
August
9,754
2,274
1,563
9
September
6,412
1,862
1,783
3
October
2,786
586
1,675
9
November
2,806
1,446
380
2
December
840
1,175
1,097
4
January 2020
2,596
1,739
2,210
13
February
5,136
1,149
629
1
March
6,074
2,138
2,321
10
April
1,048
240
60
4
May
4,240
1,493
755
5
June
4,942
2,740
1,652
9
Total
50,734
18,897
15,472
77
Estimated Costs
$75,424
$157,248
$175.532
$84,364
Table does not include video inspection, street ditching, and other work performed by contractors. See text for discussion.
61

9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to
Municipal Systems
Table 9.1: BMP summary table for monitoring and control of pollutants discharged to the MS4
Responsible
BMP Description
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
Inventory database
Water Quality Analyst,
The City maintains an inventory of industrial facilities.
maintained and improved.
Stormwater
(a)
See section (a) for details.
Inspectors
Maintain an Inventory
of Industrial Facilities
Sources were reviewed
The City reviews multiple data sources to identify
and 15 new facilities were
Water Quality Analyst,
additional facilities that may need to be included as
added to the database.
Stormwater
industrial sites.
See section (b) for details.
Inspectors
Successfully continued to
(b)
Identify priorities and inspection procedures. The City
conduct inspections
Water Quality Analyst,
Inspection Program
has a well -developed inspection program for evaluating
according to priority
Stormwater
industrial facilities identified above.
system. See Table 9.3 for
Inspectors
quantified details.
The City evaluates control measures implemented at
Ongoing program. See
Water Quality Analyst,
industrial facilities according to the procedures and
Table 9.4 for quantified
Stormwater
priorities outlined above.
details.
Inspectors
(c)
For facilities permitted by state or federal authorities,
Evaluate Industrial
the City has established procedures for reporting
Ongoing program. See
Facilities discharging
deficiencies and non-compliance to the permitting
Table 9.4 for quantified
Water Quality Analyst,
stormwater to the
agency. Where compliance with an existing federal or
details.
Stormwater
City's MS4
state industrial stormwater permit does not result in
Inspectors
adequate control of pollutants to the MS4, the City will
Additional details
recommend and document the need for revised permit
described in Section (c).
conditions to the permit issuing authority.
9.1 Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities
The Inspections Program maintains a custom Microsoft Access database to store general
information, inspection results, compliance status, and ordinance enforcement details for each
private and municipal industrial facility within the City limits.
The City's inventory of industrial sites is updated using:
■ semi-annual queries of EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (July and October, corresponding with the EPA's
update schedule) to identify facilities subject to Section 313 of SARA Title III;
■ quarterly lists of all NPDES permitted facilities in Durham County obtained from Bethany Georgoulias
of the Stormwater Permitting Unit of the NC Division of Energy, Minerals, and Land Resources;
■ quarterly queries of EPA's RCRAInfo search tool to identify permitted hazardous waste treatment,
disposal, storage, and recovery facilities;
■ staff field observations of new and un-inventoried facilities; and
■ routine queries of the City of Durham Stormwater Services Water Quality Investigation database (IDDE
program records) to identify facilities associated with illicit discharges.
As of the end of the reporting period, the Industrial Inspections database contained records for 464
private industrial operations operating within the City limits. Twelve newly identified operations were
added to the database during the reporting period. Two facilities were found to have closed for
business, resulting in a net increase of 10 facilities since the previous year total of 454.
Table 9.2. New facilities added to the database during the reporting period.
Facility Name I Type of Facility NPDES Permit Type
&-A

Phononic Inc.
Semiconductors
No Exposure
Erick Rodriguez
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Duke University Transportation Maintenance Garage
Transit and Transportation
NCGO80000
East Coast Diesel LLC
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Counter Culture Coffee- S Alston Ave
Food and Kindred
No Exposure
Salem Carriers Inc & CLI Transport, LP
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Durham's Auto Mart #2
Automotive Sales
No Permit Required
Steris PLC
Other
Undetermined
Newrest
Food and Kindred
Undetermined
Astra Zeneca
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Undetermined
Pfizer Inc
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Undetermined
Henderson's Paint, Body, Detail & Towing
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Using coordinate data collected in the field with handheld GPS devices or determined using aerial
imagery and GIS, we have continued to maintain updated GIS mapping of the locations of currently
operating facilities in our industrial database. We currently have coordinate data for 100% of known
private facilities operating within the City. The facilities' locations can be symbolized using many
different attributes including NPDES permit type, industrial classification, and compliance status. The
industrial database is linked directly to the industrial GIS geodatabase, which allows for
instantaneous updating of facility map locations. Please refer to the maps provided with this report
(Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3). Higher -resolution printouts or electronic versions are available upon
request.
9.2 Inspection Program
To make efficient use of City inspector time and effort, every facility is assigned and inspected
according to a priority level reflecting a combination of risk of stormwater pollution and history of
compliance with stormwater regulations. This model allows us to focus on those facilities most in
need of oversight, corrective action, or both.
An in-depth discussion of our prioritization system may be found in the City's Industrial Stormwater
Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures, available by request.
Facilities found during inspection to have one or more first-time violations of City Code or issues that
require the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) are issued a Notice of
Requirement (NOR). The NOR identifies the site conditions that may result in an illicit discharge and
sets requirements, with deadlines, for the development and implementation of BMPs. If the facility
complies with the requirements of a NOR (verified by a follow-up inspection), the City does not
proceed with further enforcement.
If a facility does not comply with the requirements of a NOR or when repeat or more serious
violations are observed, the City issues a Notice of Violation (NOV). Stormwater NOVs all include the
same common elements: (1) identification of the violations observed; (2) corrective action required
for each violation; (3) deadlines for implementing or completing each corrective action; and (4) the
dollar amount of civil penalties proposed for each violation. Compliance with required corrective
actions is verified during a follow-up site visit. The facility's compliance or noncompliance with
respect to the corrective actions requirements is taken into consideration when the City issues a civil
penalty.
Where facility inspections reveal potential deficiencies in NPDES stormwater permit compliance, the
City takes the initiative to work with the responsible party to correct those deficiencies. In cases
where repeat issues or serious permit compliance deficiencies are observed, the City contacts the
DEQ Regional Office with reports of the non -compliant facilities.
Our Microsoft Access Inspections Database tracks a facility's priority rank and automatically assigns
the proper inspection frequency. The Database can generate an up -to -the -moment report of facilities
63

due for inspection based on priority, inspection frequency, and time since most recent inspection.
Separate reports may be generated for private facilities and municipal facilities.
The table below describes additional criteria for assigning facilities currently operating within the city
limits to these groups. Facilities are occasionally elevated or demoted in priority according to
additional characteristics and observations made by the Water Quality Analyst or Water Quality
Manager.
Table 9.3: Description of facility inspection priority levels, with category totals (as of August 2020).
No
Special
High
Medium
Low
No
Category 4
Inspection
Total
Action
Priority
Priority
Priority
Exposure
Needed
Risk of
Stormwater
Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
None
Pollution
Inspection
Frequency
Quarterly
1x per year
1x per 2 years
1x per 3 years
1x per 5 years
None
Number of
facilities
0
75
169
102
22
96
464
9.3 Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4
During the reporting period, 74 inspections were conducted at 46 privately -owned facilities. Due to a
combination of staff vacancies, a cyberattack, and the pandemic -related shutdown, this is less than
half as many inspections as were conducted in the previous year.
Of the total inspections conducted, 13 inspections were at nine facilities subject to NPDES
stormwater permit requirements. Three inspections were conducted at three No Exposure certified
facilities. Four facilities reporting TRI releases were inspected (three of these facilities are NPDES-
permitted). Fifty-eight inspections were conducted at 34 non-NPDES industrial and light industrial
facilities.
Table 9.4: Facilities inside City limits and corresponding number inspected during permit year.
Number inside City
Number inspected
Type of Facility
Limits*
7/1/19 - 6/30/20
Permitted hazardous waste treatment, disposal and recovery facilities
0
N/A
Facilities that reported releases under section 313 of Title III of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) [toxic
7
4
release inventory, (TRI)]
Facilities with an industrial activity permitted in accordance with 40 CFR
34
9
122.26 to discharge stormwater to the permittee's MS4
Facilities with No Exposure Certification
28
3
Non-NPDES permitted facilities with industrial or light industrial activities
402
34
similar to those permitted under 40 CFR 122.26
Totals
464--
46***
*We also maintain limited records for NPDES Stormwater-permitted and non -permitted industrial facilities outside of the City Limits.
**Adding this column down results in a sum of 471. However, of the 7 TRI-listed facilities, 5 additionally have NPDES Stormwater Permits,
1 has a No Exposure Certification, and 1 is counted as Non-NPDES. To display the accurate sum, we have subtracted those 7 double -
counted facilities to arrive at an accurate total of 464.
***Adding this column results in a sum of 50. However, 3 of the TRI-listed facilities in the column are also included in row 3. The other
TRI-listed facility is also included in row 5. To display the accurate sum, we have subtracted those 4 double -counted facilities to arrive at an
accurate total of 46.
M

At the time of this writing, 98% of all inventoried facilities were in compliance as of their most recent
inspection. Inspectors issued 12 Notices of Requirement (for first-time violations or minor
compliance issues) and 4 Notices of Violation (for repeat violations or serious compliance issues)
during this year. A total of 13 facilities receiving a Notice were brought into compliance during the
permit year (this includes those facilities receiving a Notice during the previous year, but brought into
compliance during this year). Civil penalties totaling $3,350.00 were assessed during the reporting
period.
.e
50
a)
E 20
z
10
57
Inspections Conducted by Facility Type
4 3 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
0
ri
Qi `oa
Q �
P
Figure 9.1. Inspections conducted during reporting period, sorted by facility type.
During the reporting period, as illustrated in Figure 9.1, most of the inspectors' efforts were focused
on automotive service facilities, as the High and Medium Priority groups are mostly composed of
these types of activities. Two-thirds of our facility inventory is composed of automotive service -
related facilities.
Accordingly, 57 of the 74 (— 77%) inspections conducted were at automotive service facilities. Over
all inspections, a total of 36 found varying degrees of non-compliance with City code, 31 of which
were at auto service -related facilities. Auto service -related facilities accounted for 100% of
enforcement actions (4 NOVs and 12 NORs).
Where compliance issues were observed at automotive facilities, the most common were:
65

■ Failure to provide secondary containment and cover for automotive fluids, automotive parts, or both
outside exposed to stormwater.
■ Failure to have a spill cleanup kit of a size and type required by City guidelines.
■ Failure to conduct automotive service inside enclosed shop bays.
■ Failure to take timely and appropriate action in cleaning up spills and leaks of automotive fluids.
9.3.1 Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
Additional details and this year's results are available in Section 5(f) of this Annual Report.

9.3.2 New Permit Applications
No facilities were found to be operating without NPDES stormwater permit coverage. No
modifications in contact or location information were required.
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Figure 9.2: Map of currently operating industrial facilities in the City of Durham. Map created with ArcMap
10.5.1 using data linked from the City of Durham Stormwater Inspections Database on 31 August 2020. A
higher -resolution version is available upon request.
67

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Figure 9.3: Map of all currently operating NPDES-Permitted facilities in the City of Durham. Map created with
ArcMap 10.5.1 using data linked from the City of Durham Stormwater Inspections Database on 31 August
2020. A higher -resolution version is available upon request.
10. Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
The City is required to implement certain BMPs (Table 10.1) to evaluate impacts on water quality.

Table 10.1 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring BMPs
Responsible
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Position
(a) Water Quality
Maintain a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Plan. The
Completed, reviewed
Water Quality
Assessment and
Plan shall include a schedule for implementing the proposed
annually
Manager
Monitoring Plan
assessment and monitoring activities.
(b) Water Quality
Maintain and implement the Water Quality Assessment and
ngong
Ongoing
Water Quality
Monitoring
Monitoring Plan submitted to DEMLR
Manager
The City has a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Plan that is intended to evaluate impacts of
non -point sources on water quality, which is reviewed annually and updated as needed to address
emerging issues, gather additional data to inform the design or efficacy of other stormwater
programs, and determine compliance with TMDLs or other pollutant reduction requirements. The
current Plan is included in each update to the City's Stormwater Management Plan.
The City's core monitoring effort is the Ambient Stream Monitoring program, which includes
chemical, hydrological, and biological water quality indicators. However, some of the monitoring
goals identified during regular monitoring program assessments are better addressed through more
targeted studies, which may include non-standard parameters or intensive monitoring. This multi -
tiered approach to water quality monitoring allows the City to have a program that is flexible and
adaptable to changing priorities, while still allowing for long-term assessment of water quality trends.
Status and highlights of Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring activities are provided below.
Ambient Stream Monitoring:
■ The Ambient Stream Monitoring program continues to be managed on a two-year, rotating cycle. A
map of monitoring locations for calendar years 2019 (Odd Year) and 2020 (Even Year) is provided in
Figure 10.1. Sites monitored during calendar year 2020 (Even Year) are shown in Table 10.2.
■ Benthic macroinvertebrate community assessments were performed by a state -certified contract
biologist, Eaton Scientific, LS. This contract expires in 2020. It is anticipated that a Request For
Proposals(RFP) will be issued to secure a new benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring contract during
the fall of 2020.
■ A summary of water chemistry results for Calendar Year 2019 is provided in Table 10.3. A summary of
benthic macroinvertebrate community results for Calendar Year 2019 is provided in Table 10.4.
■ Infographics and videos summarizing 2019 monitoring and other activities within each of the City's
watersheds were published on the City's website and social media channels.
.•

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Figure 10.1 Map of Ambient Stream Monitoring locations
70

Table 10.2 2020 Calendar Year Ambient Stream Monitoring (Even Year)
Water Chemistry Monitoring
M
�
�
Field
Microbiological/
Conventional
Stage or
a)
Stream
Site Identifier
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Parameters
Fecal coliform
Pollutants
Metals
Benthos
Discharge
bacteria
Northeast Cr
NEO.ONE
Sedwick Rd
35.8872
-78.8999
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Northeast Cr
NE1.2NE
NC 54
35.9029
-78.8998
✓
✓
✓
✓
Northeast Cr North
NE2.2NP
Meridian Pkwy
35.9112
-78.8950
✓
✓
✓
✓
Prong
m
Sandy Cr
NH3.3SC
Cornwallis Rd
35.9834
-78.9570
✓
✓
1/
✓
✓
°°
a`;
Third Fork Cr
TFO.OTC
Hwy 751
35.9110
-78.9605
✓
Third Fork Cr
TFI.OTC
Woodcroft Rd
35.9224
-78.9525
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
a�
s
Third Fork Cr
TF2.5TCTC
Dover Rd
35.9414
-78.9471
✓
✓
✓
✓
Tributary C
c
Third Fork Cr
TF3.4TC
MILK Blvd
35.9516
-78.9448
✓
✓
✓co
✓
✓
as
-2
Third Fork Cr
TF4.4TC
Weaver St
35.9653
-78.9132
✓
✓
✓
✓
0
o
Third Fork Cr
TF5.4TC
Forestwood Or
35.9794
-78.9148
✓
✓
✓
✓
Rock Cr
TF5.1RC
Elmira St
35.9632
-78.9007
✓
✓
✓
✓
Rock Cr Unnamed
TF6.5RCUT
Sima Ave
35.9775
-78.8875
✓
✓
✓
✓
Tributary
Ellerbe Cr
EL1.9EC
Glenn Rd
36.0596
-78.8327
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL7.1EC
Club Blvd
36.1995
-78.8952
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
S Ellerbe Cr
EL8.6SECUT
Foster Stand Hunt St
36.0003
-78.9012
✓
✓
✓
✓
Unnamed Tributary
N
N
Eno River
EN4.9ER
Old Oxford Rd
36.0730
-78.8635
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
Eno River
EN8.9ER
West Point on the Eno
36.0716
-78.9101
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
3
Eno River
EN13.3ER
Cole Mill Rd
36.0596
-78.9777
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
s
Warren Cr
EN10.3WC
Horton Rd
36.0574
-78.9265
✓
✓
✓
✓
N
Lick Cr
LC1.1LC
Southview Rd
35.9778
-78.7501
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Z
Rocky Branch Cr
LC2.ORBC
Kemp Rd
35.9633
-78.7540
✓
✓
✓
✓
u-
Little Lick Cr
LL3.4LLC
Mineral Springs Rd
35.9850
-78.8198
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little Lick Cr
LL4.6LLT2
Lynn Rd
35.9811
-78.8418
✓
✓
✓
✓
Tributary 2
Little River
LR9.6LR
Patrick Rd
36.1416
-78.9197
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ = Type of monitoring occurs at this location
• = Type of monitoring does not occur at this location
71

Table 10.3 Summary of compliance with water quality criteria for 2019 Ambient Stream Monitoring. Results of concern are in bold type.
WQI
Fecal Coliform
Dissolved Oxygen
5-day
Specific
c
(FC)
(DO)
BOD
Nutrients
Dissolved Metals
Turbidity
conductance
N
cc
00
'
N
Watershed
Site
Identifier
@
N
�,
1A
m J
\
0
0 O
0 �\
m,
nu �\
a�
nu 2cc
m �,
nu - m �a
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110
Q
a
Q
a
a�
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m
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w E
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v
Lo
CN
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Q d�
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N
Q
A
f6
Ellerbe Creek
EL1.9EC
12
76
510
67%
8%
7.1 1.5
1.69
0.14
0%
0%
9
0%
368
Ellerbe Creek
EL5.6EC
12
81
569
58%
0%
8.0 1.4
0.72
0.09
17%
0%
13
0%
229
Ellerbe Creek
EL7.1EC
12
83
331
42%
8%
7.4 1.1
0.55
0.08
17%
0%
11
0%
190
y
m
Goose Creek
EL5.5GC
12
67
1120
67%
17%
6.3 1.9
1.01
0.13
17%
0%
22
8%
234
m
8
Goose Creek
EL8.1GC
12
67
1063
67%
25%
6.7 1.4
1.07
0.20
0%
25%
18
8%
324
3
So Ellerbe Creek
EL7.ISEC
12
67
1399
75%
25%
6.5 1.7
1.02
0.14
17%
0%
11
0%
318
o
)
So Ellerbe Creek
EL8.5SEC
12
71
1750
83%
8%
7.5 1.1
0.89
0.15
8%
0%
5
0%
312
M
So Ellerbe Creek
EL8.6SECUT
12
69
3436
92%
0%
8.3 1.7
1.84
0.18
0%
0%
8
0%
618
'm
Z
N
Eno River
EN8.9ER
12
90
169
17%
0%
9.1
1.4
0.54
0.07
17%
0%
22
8%
104
Little Lick Creek
LL3.4LLC
12
69
921
67%
33%
6.3
1.8
0.94
0.17
8%
0%
36
25%
178
Panther Creek
PN2.4PN
7
81
626
71%
0%
9.4
1.3
0.69
0.11
14%
0%
26
14%
134
Stirrup Iron
S11.6SIC
11
67
1205
73%
0%
8.3
1.9
0.75
0.21
100%
0%
65
36%
153
Crooked Creek
CC2.5CC
12
75
810
67%
8%
7.5
2.1
0.91
0.14
25%
0%
26
8%
192
w
0.66
0.13
New Hope Creek
NHO.ONHC
12
80
737
67%
0%
8.0
1.4
8%
0%
44
17%
147
00
a3
New Hope Creek
NH3.ONHC
12
88
193
33%
17%
8.0
1.1
0.41
0.05
0%
0%
17
0%
116
3
Mud Creek
NH2.3MC
11
83
447
36%
9%
8.8
1.4
0.61
0.10
9%
0%
41
9%
124
a,
Sandy Creek
NHI.OSC
12
72
1662
58%
0%
8.5
2.2
1.07
0.13
8%
0%
28
8%
207
y
Sandy Creek
NH1.7SCTA
12
63
1787
83%
33%
5.7
1.8
1.07
0.11
8%
0%
25
8%
331
m
c
Sandy Creek
NH3.3SC
12
74
1378
67%
0%
7.1
1.3
0.91
0.12
8%
0%
19
8%
224
n
a
Sandy Creek
NH4.4SCTD
12
77
460
67%
17%
7.2
1.1
0.90
0.10
17%
0%
20
8%
243
m
v
o
Third Fork Creek
F1.OTC
12
79
617
58%
8%
7.4
1.4
0.71
0.19
8%
0%
24
8%
237
Table 10.4 Benthic Collections for 2019 (Spring and Summer)
Watershed
Site Drainage
Area Ecoregion 1
Sampling
° m
m
m m
w
�-Q X
m
m
Identifier
(sq. mi.)
method 2
m
z
@
W
;° @
5
m c
O
m
@
a)a
@
New Hope
NH2.3MC
5.3
TB
Qua14
56
185
57
9
6.52
Fair
°LL'
co
New Hope
NHI.OSC
6.8
TB
Qua14
62
89
29
5
6.83
Fair
U
o
s
EL1.9EC
5.7
TB
Full Scale
67
149
37
4
6.60
Fair
Ellerbe
EL5.5GC
21.9
TB
Qua14
56
268
65
11
6.79
Fair
z
N
EL7.1EC
5.0
TB
Qua14
62
114
35
4
7.08
Poor
LL
Panther
PN2.4PN
2.5
TB
Qua14
62
140
40
9
5.64
Fair
1 Level IV ecoregion, where TB = Triassic Basins; CSB = Carolina Slate Belt
2 Qua14 (small streams) monitored in spring. Full Scale (rivers) monitored in summer.
3 Equivalent to EPT taxa richness (EPT S)
4 Bioclassification calculated using Full Scale (Large Streams) or Qua14 (Small Streams) criteria
72

Continuing special studies and initiatives:
■ The City continued collecting water quality samples at two locations in Falls Lake to support compliance with
permit requirements for the NDWRF. This effort produced data on the condition of the upper portion of the
reservoir.
US Geological Survey (USGS) completed work on one contracted project for the City and continued to work on a
second project. The USGS completed a report assessing nitrogen sources to Ellerbe Creek to enhance nutrient
loading estimations. Streamflow and nitrogen contributions from the landfill located downstream of the City's
water reclamation facility was included in the report. A second ongoing project involves the development of
recommendations for modifications to the City's approach to estimating nutrient loading calculations. This
project will provide the City with suggestions on how to modify its sample collection and modeling methods to
reduce the amount of uncertainty in producing these calculations. Analyses will continue in 2020 with a final
report anticipated in 2021.
■ An RFP for contractual laboratory services to analyze surface water, sediment, and soil samples was issued in
October, 2019. A contract with ENCO Laboratories, Inc. was then signed in 2020. This contract is used to
analyze samples collected during Falls Lake monitoring, investigations and inspections, and other special
studies.
■ The City has continued its' ongoing effort of continuous monitoring of water level and temperature at two
locations: Crooked Creek at Scott King Road and Goose Creek at Camden Avenue. Water depth and
temperature are recorded at 15-minute intervals using data loggers installed in wells at each site.
■ Standard Operating Procedures are being developed for monitoring activities. These SOPs meet the content
and format requirements described in EPA guidance documents. An SOP for Field Measurements and
Observations was approved in 2020 and an SOP for Water Chemistry Sampling is being finalized.
■ Field sampling for the special study, 'Toxicity Potential in Stream Sediments,' was completed in July
2019. Data on midge deformity (rate and severity) and concentrations of sediment chemicals that have
sediment toxicity values, e.g., metals and PAHs, will be analyzed in a future contract. The goal of this special
study is to see if midge deformity analysis can be used as a cost-effective surrogate to sediment chemical
analyses for determining potential toxicity in stream sediment deposits.
■ A new contract with the USGS was signed in August 2019 to continue operation of the stream discharge and
precipitation gauges located in the city through 2021.
New studies and initiatives:
■ A procedure was developed for a new water quality metric, 'stream miles suitable for human contact', that will
be reported to City residents. This metric will compare fecal coliform concentrations in the City's stream with
state standards for secondary -contact recreation. The metric will be communicated with city residents to
provide information on the general health of the City's streams.
■ Planning for a watershed monitoring project in Stirrup Iron Creek, Lick Creek, and Brier Creek kicked off in
spring 2020. A draft QAPP was developed that includes sampling plans for streamflow, baseflow and stormflow
water quality, sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Habitat assessments will also be conducted for this
study.
The New Hope Creek Watershed Improvement Plan began in 2019 and included several monitoring subtasks.
Monitoring of stream bank erosion is being conducted under two subtasks using different methods: bank pin
monitoring and root dendrogeomorphology. Results from these methods will eventually be compared to
determine the suitability of root dendrogeomorphology as a more cost-efficient and robust method to
determine stream bank erosion rates. A third subtask also began and uses microbial source tracking
techniques to identify sources of fecal bacteria. This monitoring study will identify the number of fecal bacteria
associated with humans and dogs in the Northeast Creek subwatershed. Finally, a subtask to conduct
monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates at new locations in the Third Fork Creek watershed was completed in
the spring of 2020.
■ In December 2019, an RFP was issued to solicit proposals for conducting pollutant source tracking in two
watersheds, Warren Creek, and Sandy Creek Tributary A. Sampling for this project is anticipated to begin in fall
2020.
73

Annual loading calculations were completed for total phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite, and total Kjeldahl
nitrogen for Third Fork Creek (2015-2019), Ellerbe Creek at Glenn Road (2015-2019), and Ellerbe Creek at
Club Boulevard (2017-2019) using LOADEST. Water chemistry data were obtained from multiple agencies:
City of Durham (Ambient Stream Monitoring program), UNRBA (Falls Lake tributary monitoring), Upper Cape
Fear River Basin Association (UCFRBA) (water quality monitoring program), and the NCDEQ Quality (state
ambient monitoring system). Daily stream discharge data were obtained from USGS. The mean, lower 95%
confidence interval (Cl), and upper 95% Cl for annual loading (lb./yr.) were calculated for each site for total
phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (Table 10.5). The very wide confidence intervals
seen for the annual values of these parameters are an example of the high uncertainty involved with loading
calculations.
Table 10.5 Total phosphorus, nitrate+nitrate, and total Kjeldahl annual loading (lbs./yr.) for Third Fork Creek, Ellerbe
Creek at Glenn Road, and Ellerbe Creek at Club Boulevard watersheds
Sampling
year
Total Phosphorus mean (lower 95% Cl -
Nitrate + Nitrite mean (lower 95% Cl -
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mean
Location
upper 95% Cl)
upper 95% Cl)
(lower 95% Cl - upper 95% Cl)
TFI.OTC -
Third Fork Creek Drainage area = 14.8 mi.2
2015
7,824 (4,928-11,875)
15,004 (4,542 - 37,700)
37,583 (23,009 - 58,344)
2016
10,127 (5,898 - 16,467)
16,359 (4,553 - 44,094)
42,771(24,583 - 70,255)
2017
6,562 (3,741 - (10,891)
12,406 (3,018 - 35,903)
27,432 (15,446 - 45,746)
2018
15,358 (8,996 - 24,875)
20,884 (5,358 - 58,381)
53,799 (30,297 - 89,637)
2019
7,561(5,091 - 10,856)
14,466 (4,602 - 35,259)
33,359 (21,041- 50,509)
EL1.9EC -
Ellerbe Creek at Glenn Road Drainage area = 21.9 mi.2
2015
17,076 (10,230 - 27,052)
149,177 (86,923 - 239,903)
119,635 (95,822 - 147,821)
2016
21,774 (12,492 - 36,258)
129,339 (76,585 - 205,977)
118,983 (94,684 - 148,448)
2017
15,937 (8,946 - 26,827)
78,114 (46,732 - 123,592)
84,254 (66,267 - 106,307)
2018
37,576 (21,022 - 63,295)
100,444 (57,438 - 163,981)
154,224 (120,305 - 195,446)
2019
19,929 (12,040 - 31,327)
68,545 (38,882 - 112,459)
102,580 (81,924 - 127,004)
EL7.1EC -
Ellerbe Creek at Club Blvd Drainage area = 6.0 mi.2
2015
n/a
n/a
n/a
2016
n/a
n/a
n/a
2017
1,698 (593 - 3,954)
12,500 (785 - 61,225)
11,142 (5,597 - 20,175)
2018
5,414 (1,470-14,695)
49,381(2,334 - 258,393)
28,261(12,767 - 55,444)
2019
2,709 (911- 6,352)
25,848 (1,615 - 123,408)
17,931(9,092 - 32,006)
Cl = confidence
interval
Plans for the coming year:
■ Data analysis and final reporting for the assessment of pollution removal by the street sweeping program is
anticipated in fiscal year 2021.
■ A report provided by the USGS is expected to be completed in fiscal year 2021 that summarizes
recommendations on how to modify the City's sample collection and modeling methods to reduce the amount
of uncertainty in producing loading calculations.
■ A summary document to calculate the 'stream miles suitable for human contact' metric will be finalized in
summer 2020. This summary document will then be used to calculate the metric for the City's streams based
on 2020 sampling data. The metrics will then be posted to the City's website and social media.
■ Field sampling for the Stirrup Creek, Lick Creek, Brier Creek Watershed Study will begin in fall, 2020 following
the completion of the study QAPP.
74

11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs
The City of Durham is currently subject to two Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) covering City receiving
waters with approved Waste Load Allocations (WLAs) assigned to the City's MS4. Reporting under the
previous permit included Water Quality Recovery Program updates for the Northeast and Third Fork Creek
watersheds in the Cape Fear River Basin.
A chlorophyll a TMDL for Jordan Lake was approved in 2007. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL are
expressed as 336,079 pounds per year of total nitrogen and 23,106 pounds per year of total phosphorus.
Target reductions are not expressed specifically for Northeast or Third Fork Creeks but are expressed as
loads to the Upper New Hope Arm of Jordan Lake. A specific plan for Jordan Lake is not included in this
annual report due to the Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy rules.
This section follows the guidance provided in the 2018 NPDES stormwater permit and highlights programs
within the six minimum measures for NPDES Phase II permits. Annual reporting for both TMDL watersheds
also includes updates for measures that are not categorized as one of the six minimum measures.
Additional measures are listed under the heading "Programs in Addition to the Six Minimum Measures" in
Sections 11(a) and 11(b).
Under the current permit, TMDL reporting, in the form of updates and tracking for the current TMDL
Response Plans, is provided in Sections 11(a) and 11(b). For the 2019-2020 reporting period, all planned
measures are listed with their projected timeline for implementation ranging from one permit cycle (5 years)
to three permit cycles (15 years). If there are no metric results reported for a planned measure it is because
the measure is not yet implemented; however, specific metrics and metric tracking methods are being
developed. The measures that were completed or fully implemented in prior years can be found in the City's
previous NPDES annual reports.
11.1 Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria
A fecal coliform bacteria TMDL for Northeast Creek was approved in 2003. The pollution reduction for this
TMDL is expressed as a load of colonies and as a percent load reduction. A maximum load of 1.12x1011
colonies per day is required in Northeast Creek or a 92 percent reduction to the baseline load (1997-2001).
Table 11.1 EPA approved TMDL for the Northeast Creek Watershed
Description of
DWQ
Stream
TMDL
TMDL
EPA Approval
area
Assessment
Classification(s)
Parameter
Date
U n it(s)
Northeast Creek from
16-41-1-17-(0.7)a
WS-W NSW. Potable
Fecal coliform
1.12x1011 colonies
September 12, 2003
NC Highway 55 to a
16-41-1-17-(0.7)b2
water supply, Nutrient
bacteria
per day
point 0.5 miles
Sensitive Water
downstream of
Panther Creek
NSW. Nutrient Sensitive Water
WS. Water Supply classification
Table 11.2 Water quality standards for fecal coliform bacteria
Parameter
Administrative Code
Section
Standards for Class C Waters
Fecal coliform
15A NCAC 02B .0211(3)(e)
Organisms of the coliform group: fecal coliforms shall not exceed a geometric mean of
bacteria
200/100ml (MF count) based upon at least five consecutive samples examined during any
30-day period, nor exceed 400/100ml in more than 20 percent of the samples examined
during such period. Violations of the fecal coliform standard are expected during rainfall
events and, in some cases, this violation is expected to be caused by uncontrollable
nonpoint source pollution. All coliform concentrations are to be analyzed using the
membrane filter technique unless high turbidity or other adverse conditions necessitate the
75

Table 11.2 Water quality standards for fecal coliform bacteria
Parameter
Administrative Code
Standards for Class C Waters
Section
tube dilution method; in case of controversy over results, the MPN 5-tube dilution
technique shall be used as the reference method;
The Phase II Minimum Control Measures are described in earlier sections of this document. TMDL response
plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described below.
11.1.1 Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for
Northeast Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed before July 1, 2019,
please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports on the City's website. The items listed below were
implemented in addition to the existing public education and outreach program that includes teacher
training, presentations at schools, participation in community events, and other opportunities that bring
Stormwater staff into contact with the residents of Durham. When there are items that can be regularly
posted, utilizing the Department of Public Works social media accounts is another method of informing the
public and reaching many people quickly.
Table 11.3 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s)
Area Impacted or Number of
Implementation
Targeted
People Reached
Date
Distribution of materials to target groups
Nutrients, Grease,
Landscaping contractors, construction
2012 - present
Sediment, Bacteria, Oil
industry, fiber installers, plumbers,
restaurants, and auto industry
Presentations to school groups at Pearsontown
Nutrients, Sediment,
70 students
8/23/2019, 8/28/2019,
Elementary
Bacteria, Litter
1/28/2020
Provide education on proper maintenance of
Bacteria
0 water quality investigations related to
Ongoing
private sewer laterals following an investigation to
private sewage issues
encourage homeowners to take care of laterals.
A general measure that addresses bacterial pollution sources is a media campaign to motivate the public to
take specific actions that reduce sources of fecal coliform bacteria. The outcome measures for this planned
media campaign may be quantified using attendance numbers for in -person outreach events, webpage
viewing metrics, social media impressions, and the number of educational material posts shared on social
media accounts. During the 2019-2020 reporting year, Stormwater Public Education staff created a slogan
to encourage dog owners to pick up pet waste - "It's your duty to pick up their doody." Stormwater staff that
manage the City's Stormwater Facebook and Twitter accounts created a hashtag (#DurhamDoodyPledge) for
residents to post photos and messages of how they are preventing pet waste from entering the City's
stormwater drainage system. Public Education staff have also been working on a postcard for the pet waste
campaign that will be sent to residents and business owners, e.g., veterinary clinics, dog kennels, and dog
daycares.
An additional measure planned for public education and outreach in Northeast Creek is to distribute
educational materials on pet waste management to owners of private dog parks and dog kennels. Staff in
the Stormwater Quality Unit have identified six dog facilities within the Northeast Creek watershed with the
type and number listed below in Table 11.4. Stormwater staff plan to distribute education materials on pet
waste management to the facilities identified within the Northeast Creek watershed during the 2021 fiscal
year.
76

Table 11.4 Public education and outreach measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Pollutant(s)
Targeted
Area Impacted or
Number of
People Reached
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Bacteria
5,562 impressions
2019 - 2024
from 8 social media
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the public to take specific actions that
posts from 3/2/2020
reduce sources of fecal coliform bacteria through the City's website, online
to 5/27/2020
videos (e.g. YouTube), social media accounts, Waterways newsletter, Clean
Water Education Partnership (CWEP) handouts, and other methods.
Bacteria
Six facilities identified:
2019 - 2024
Veterinary Clinics (3),
Identify the number and location of private dog parks (neighborhood,
Dog Daycare (1), and
apartment, HOA) and dog kennel facilities in the Northeast Creek watershed.
Private Dog Parks (2)
Provide educational materials on pet waste management.
11.1.2 Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Northeast Creek watershed have generally revolved around the
watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to the TMDL Response
Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table 11.5. The 2020 Creek Week
events were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are no planned measures for Public
Participation and Involvement as part of the TMDL Response Plan for Northeast Creek.
Table 11.5 Public participation and involvement measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description ofSCM
Purpose
Area Impacted
Implementation
or Number of
Date
People Reached
Support for Northeast Creek Stream Watch - several
Leverage community leaders
Neighborhoods,
2013-present
cleanups per year, educational hikes, use of aquatic animal
to expand outreach in the
schools, and libraries
puppets to raise awareness, tabling at events, involve local
target area.
in the Northeast
youth group in stewardship
Creek watershed
11.1.3 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the Stormwater
Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division. The IDDE program is
instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of fecal coliform bacteria, especially from human sources
such as the City's sanitary sewer system, private sewer laterals, and septic systems. In addition to
conducting complaint -driven water quality investigations, the IDDE program has traditionally conducted
monthly proactive "weekend enforcement" patrols. These patrols focused on finding specific issues in
specific locations. Patrols have been suspended, pending a reevaluation of the program's goals and
restructure of procedures.
As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.6 lists the new IDDE measures that are planned in Northeast
Creek. The City's Stormwater Quality Unit is in the process of developing a pilot study for the use of sewage -
detecting canine services in traditional major outfall screening locations. The sewage -detecting canine
services pilot study is planned for FY2021. The Stormwater Quality Unit also plans to conduct cross -training
sessions with the Zoning Enforcement Unit in the City -County Planning Department and develop a routine
stream -walk program in Northeast Creek, which are measures aimed at identifying and eliminating more
sources of fecal coliform bacteria in Northeast Creek.
77

Table 11.6 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Conduct a pilot study for the use of sewage -detecting
Number of sewage investigations
To be determined
2020-2021
canine services in traditional major outfall screening
initiated by canine signals
locations.
Routine stream -walk program to target the main stem and
Number of bacteria -related
To be determined
2018 - 2023
tributaries with historically higher incidences of illicit
investigations conducted
discharges. Also, inspect major outfalls (greater than 36"
diameter pipe) for sources of fecal coliform bacteria.
Number of stream miles walked
To be determined
2018 - 2023
Conduct cross -training for the Zoning Enforcement and
Number of cross -training events
To be determined
2018 - 2023
Water Quality IDDE groups to improve communication
between departments on sanitary sewer and septic system
issues observed in the field.
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Northeast Creek watershed have been relatively
low over the past five years. Categories related to sewage for the last five years are listed below. These
categories were selected since they are most likely to describe sources of pollution with significant fecal
bacteria content.
Table 11.7 Northeast Creek illicit discharge investigations involving sewage or sanitary waste.
Private
Sanitary
Sewer
Total
Reporting
Septic
Discharging
Wash Water
Sewer
Sewer
Leaks and
Period
Systems
Sand Filters
Discharges
Laterals
Overflows
Breaks
2019-2020
0
0
0
1
3
1
5
2018-2019
1
0
3
0
1 0
0
4
2017-2018
0
0
1
0
1 1
0
2
2016-2017
0
0
3
1
1 3
0
7
2015-2016
0
0
4
0
1 1
0
5
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE component
of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely to be obscured by
vegetation. Northeast Creek was sampled for dry weather outfall screening during the 2008-2009, 2009-
2010, 2014-2015, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 reporting years. Northeast Creek was not sampled for dry
weather outfall screening during the 2019-2020 reporting year.
Table 11.8 Northeast Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting
Activity during Reporting Period
Period
2019-2020
No outfalls were screened in the Northeast Creek watershed.
2018-2019
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened from October 2018 through February 2019. A total of 176
outfalls were screened.
2017-2018
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened in July and August of 2018. A total of 33 outfalls were
screened.
2014-2015
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October and December 2014. A total of 132
outfalls were screened.
2009-2010
Most major and minor outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October 2009 and March 2010.
A total of 203 outfalls were screened.
2008-2009
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October 2008 and March 2009. A total of 120
outfalls were screened.
0

11.1.4 Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
Additional activities were not planned or completed as part of this measure. Construction site runoff
activities are described in Section 6.
11.1.5 Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Northeast Creek watershed for many years due to
the water supply watershed program. Currently, the City's Stormwater Performance Standards for
Development states that all development which constructs stormwater control measures to comply with the
ordinance and which is located in an area that is subject to a state -approved Total Maximum Daily Load for
bacteria shall be required to have at least one primary SCM for each stormwater discharge that is rated as
medium, good, high, or excellent for its ability to remove bacteria from stormwater. Further, this ordinance
states that "Ratings shall be those that appear in the utilized version of the NC DEQ Stormwater design
manual and/or North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document as specified in the Reference
Guide for Development or as determined or approved by the Director." "Medium" and "high" removal
abilities for bacteria are the terms used in the 2009-2016 archived Stormwater Design Manual. These
equate to fair, good, or excellent in the North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document. The
North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the North Carolina Department
of Environmental Quality in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the nutrient and total suspended
solids reduction values attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina. The City of Durham is currently using
the archived Stormwater Design Manual for SCMs as our basis for SCM design.
As of July 22, 2019, approximately 86 known maintained SCMs exist in the Northeast Creek watershed. As
shown below in Table 11.9, 47 of the 86 SCMs in Northeast Creek are classified as having medium to high
removal ability, which equates to fair, good, or excellent removal ability for fecal coliform under DWR's new
methodology. A map showing the SCM locations in Northeast Creek is provided in Figure 11.1 below.
Removing fecal coliform is difficult and some SCMs have been shown to provide an environment that
supports bacterial regrowth. Of the SCMs listed in Table 11.9, bioretention cells are considered to have the
highest ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria.
Table 11.9 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Northeast Creek watershed
constructed to provide treatment of runoff from new development sites
SCM Type
Number in the
Northeast Creek
Watershed
Fecal rm
Removvalal Ability
Bioretention area
8
High
Constructed wetland
2
Medium
Dry extended detention pond
23
Medium
Level spreader/ Vegetated filter strip
13
Medium
Sand filter
11
Medium
Filterra
1
Good
Underground storage
3
Not listed, but
assumed to be Low
Wet pond
25
Medium
Tota 1
86
79

Table 11.10 Post -construction stormwater management measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric
Implementatio
Result
n Date
All development that is located in an area that is subject to a TMDL for
Number of SCMs rated as
47
Ongoing
fecal coliform bacteria shall be required to have at least one primary SCM
medium or high
for each stormwater discharge that is rated as medium, good, high, or
excellent for its ability to remove bacteria from stormwater. (City code 70-
741(c)).
Projects located in the Northeast Creek watershed that were approved during the reporting year are listed
below in Table 11.11. A summary of compliance/enforcement notices issued during the reporting year to
private SCM owners for the Northeast Creek watershed is listed below in Table 11.12.
Table 11.11 List of All Projects Approved in the Northeast Creek watershed.
Project Name
SCM Type Approved
2401 South Alston Avenue - D1900100
Dry Pond - Extended Detention
CM Herndon Park - D1900190
Permeable Pavement
Odyssey Townhome Development (D1900073)
Wet Pond
Ellis Road Phase 3 - D1900171- Jordan
Wet Pond
Ellis Road Phase 3 - D1900171- Jordan
Wet Pond
Ellis Road Phase 3 - D1900171- Jordan
Wet Pond
Ellis Road Phase 3 - D1900171- Jordan
Constructed Wetland
NOVA RTP - D1900086
Wet Pond
NOVA RTP- D1900086
Underground Storage
Cornwallis Road Catholic High School Campus
Constructed Wetland
Cornwallis Road Catholic High School Campus
Constructed Wetland
Cornwallis Road Catholic High School Campus
Wet Pond
Davis Park East- Pod B
Exempt2
Jiffy Lube Tire Bay Addition - D1900331
Exempt2
Ellis Road - Phase 4 - D1900195
Using existing SCM
Clinical Trials Manufacturing Facility
Exempt2
Capitola Storage - D1900430
Exempt2
Ample Storage Highway 55 (D1900088)
Using Existing Wet Pond
Providence at Southpoint Site Plan Amendment - D1900329
Wet Pond
Maintenance Building for Jehovah Witness Facility- D1800211
Exempt2
2515 INC Highway 55 - D1900254
Exempt2
Ellis Road Connector Road (D1900196)
Using Existing Wet Pond
Life International
Exempt2
Alexander Place Amendment - D1900242
Undetermined'
Bojangles Restaurant - D1900328
Exempt2
S Alston Senior Housing- D1900181
Exempt2
Campus Crossing Maintenance Shed - D1900250
Exempt2
Avexis Sidewalk Improvements - D2000052
Exempt2
1SCM types are often unspecified within site plans yet specified/detailed within construction drawings; however, some site plans
are submitted with construction drawings and are reviewed concurrently.
2Project did not trigger SCM requirements.
Table 11.12 Summary of Compliance/Enforcement Notices for SCMs in the Northeast Creek Watershed.
Type of Enforcement Action
Number of SCMs
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
83
Notices of Breach
9
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
3
The planned measure for post -construction stormwater management would require developers to include
pet waste receptacles in residential development site plans, which requires the City Council and the County
Board of Commissioners to approve an amendment to the Unified Development Ordinance.
M

Table 11.13 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Require developers to include pet waste receptacles in
Requirement for pet waste
To be determined
2024 - 2029
new residential development.
receptacles implemented in
Comprehensive Plan or UDO
al

Headwaters
New Hope
Creek ir
Third_
Fork Creek •
It a
New Hope
Creek-B Everett
Jordan Lake
C
R6
vorthea
Creek
Little Lick
Creek i j
City Df
DurhamRANVILLE
RANGE
DURHAM t
VISA K E
CHATHA Northeast
'0 Creek
Stirrup
Iron Creek
� q
• Upper
Crabtree
Creek
New Hope _x
River-B Everett
Jordan Lake
City Limits FilterrafSilva Cell
RTP Grassed Swale N
County Boundary Level Spreader 0 0.5 1 2 3Miles
Northeast CreekWatershed Permeable Pavement
Watersheds 0 Rain Harvesting System
Streams Sand Filter- Underground
Map prepared 6y Starmwater $, GIS Services,
Rain Garden — Sand Filter Department of Public Works on 811412020_
Information depicted is for reference purposes only &
Bo retention Area G Underground Storage compiled from best available sources. The City of
DurhamfDurham County assumes no respo nsibility for
If Constructed Wetland Wet Pond errors arising from use or misuse of this map.
Q Dry Pond
Figure 11.1 Stormwater Control Measures and Stormwater Retrofits located within the Northeast Creek watershed in
the City of Durham.
82

11.1.6 Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department currently inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater
drainage system. Although the measure listed in Table 11.14 is currently implemented by the Public Works
Operations Division, the measure was not tracked in the past for the TMDL Response Plan. Public Works
staff have developed methods for tracking the number of work orders for stormwater inspection and
maintenance activities that occur in the Northeast Creek watershed. New measures are not planned as part
of Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations in this watershed.
Table 11.14 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently Implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Conduct routine inspections and
Number of assets associated with closed work
5 (3 nodes, 0 channels, and
Ongoing
maintenance of stormwater catch
orders
2 pipes)
basins.
11.1.7 Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the NPDES
six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are grouped by the
City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures. The additional programs
with measures (implemented and planned) that apply to the Northeast Creek TMDL Response Plan are listed
as Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting, Stormwater Quality, Water Management, and
Environmental Health.
11.1.8 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated into the
Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the Phase II minimum measures, this program does
provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks.
Table 11.15 Watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Timeline
Review the Northeast Creek Watershed Improvement Plan (WIP) and
Number of SCMs
To be determined
2028 - 2033
implement the construction of SCMs identified in the WIP that address
planned for
fecal coliform bacteria.
construction
Number of SCMs
To be determined
2028 - 2033
constructed
In the Northeast Creek watershed, there are currently 10 rain gardens added as retrofits to existing
residential properties. Rain gardens have a high potential ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria. Staff re-
inspect the previously installed rain gardens and track them to determine if they are still active. There are
currently 6 confirmed residential rain gardens in the Northeast Creek watershed. The status of 4 additional
devices needs to be confirmed.
m

Table 11.16 Retrofit SCMs for existing development in the
Northeast Creek watershed
Fecal
Number in the
Coliform
SCM Type
Northeast Creek
Removal
Watershed
Ability
Residential Rain Gardens
10
High'
Total
10
(1) Ability based on filtration device.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed Planning staff
in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.17 Retrofit projects currently implemented in the Northeast Creek watershed
Project
Implementation
2019-2020 Project
Description of Project
Area Treated
Name
Date
Update
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham Soil
6,054 scl ft (Total area
2014
In April 2019, this agreement
SCMs in the City
and Water Conservation District to fund
treated for project. Area
was expanded by $40,000.
of Durham
SCMs using the CCAP program. Annual
treated in Northeast
Specific sites for the SCMs
inspections of each device installed under
Creek to be determined)
have not been determined.
this contract will continue.
Other updates regarding non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and stormwater
retrofitting are described below:
No Mow Pilot Study - The Watershed Improvement Plan Program develops a Riparian Area Management
Plan (RAMP) to describe recommended management practices that could contribute to improved
water quality and riparian buffer conditions on city -owned or maintained land that is along, or drains
to, a stream. Through these efforts, the Public Works Department is working in collaboration with the
Department of Water Management and the Department of Parks and Recreation to examine the
feasibility of expanding the vegetated buffers on streams. New riparian buffer areas have been
established through 'No Mow' Zones on City -owned property along streams, such as sewer
easements, to evaluate the effectiveness of these areas. Educational materials, including fact
sheets and a video, have been developed to educate residents and city staff about the benefits of
these areas. The first No Mow sites were established in 2017 along three sections of sewer
easements near stream banks in Ellerbe Creek (0.15 mile), Little Lick Creek (0.20 mile), and
Northeast Creek (0.29 mile). Success of previously established No Mow Zones is being evaluated
and new areas to expand No Mow Zones are being considered. The primary success criteria will be
to quantify the change in total vegetated buffer area `protected' by No Mow zones after several
easement mowing cycles. Public Works staff are continuing to monitor the size and condition of the
vegetated buffer in these areas over time.
11.1.9 Stormwater Quality
The Public Works Department's Stormwater Quality Unit is responsible for implementing three planned
measures shown below in Table 11.18. The Stormwater Quality Unit will coordinate with the Stormwater
Development Review Group to research state and federal regulations and successful methods of geese
management programs in other areas. Once geese management guidance materials are developed, this
measure may be tracked by the number of educational and guidance materials that are distributed to
homeowners associations and neighborhood communities. The Stormwater Quality Unit also plans to explore
the use of UV light treatment devices in culverts and stormwater catch basins to target multiple sources of
0

fecal coliform bacteria. A microbial source tracking (MST) study is underway in the Northeast Creek
watershed. The MST study began in May, 2020 and is scheduled to be completed by April, 2021.
Table 11.18 Stormwater quality measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Management program for Canada Geese to control population
Number of geese
To be determined
2023-2028
and proximity to water, which may include non-SCM lakes and
management guidance
ponds.
materials distributed
Explore UV treatment devices in culverts or stormwater catch
Number of UV treatment
To be determined
2023-2028
basins to reduce fecal coliform bacteria in baseflow or low
devices installed and
turbidity water.
operating
Conduct a second microbial source tracking (MST) study and
MST study completed and
To be determined
2023-2028
compare results to the first BST study completed for Northeast
results compared
Creek
11.1.10 Water Management
The City's Water Management Department has been implementing several bacteria -reducing measures for
many years that have not been previously tracked for the Northeast Creek TMDL Response Plan. Water
Management Department's Water and Sewer Maintenance Division is responsible for inspecting the sanitary
sewer system for leaks, stopping sanitary sewer overflows, repairing sanitary sewer lines, and cleaning up
sewer spills from pipes, manholes, and pump stations. Water Management's Industrial Pretreatment
Program is responsible for educating the public about the proper disposal of Fats, Oils & Grease (FOG) and
nonwoven products, and inspecting grease interceptors at food service establishments, assisted living
centers, and hotels. Water Management staff have developed tracking methods for the measures listed in
Table 11.19 and report the metric results to Public Works on an annual basis.
Table 11.19 Water Management measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Inspect sewer lines and pump stations to identify
and respond to sewage releases in early stage.
Number of sewer line flushing and camera
inspection work orders completed
441
Ongoing
Number of routine pump station inspections
360
Ongoing
Identify sewer rehabilitation areas based on routine
inspection and prioritize sewer lines to be repaired.
Number of sewer rehabilitation projects
completed
0
Ongoing
Education campaign for the proper disposal of
nonwoven products (also called flushable wipes)
and FOG (fats, oils, and grease).
Number of nonwoven products and FOG
education mailings
6
Ongoing
Number of digital and TV ads
9
Ongoing
Number of outreach events
3*
Ongoing
Number of commercial grease traps inspected
69
Ongoing
*No events were held within the Northeast Creek watershed. The number of outreach events represent the City events for all residents, i.e., Latino
Festival, Centerfest, and Bilingual Open House.
11.1.11 Environmental Health
The County's Environmental Health Division is responsible for the inspection of on -site wastewater systems
(septic systems) and enforcement of regulations for failing septic systems. The Environmental Health
m

Division currently sends educational mailers on proper septic system maintenance to all homeowners with
septic systems in Durham County. The Environmental Health Division educational outreach data could not
be reported in this annual report because records for the 2019 educational mailers were lost during a
malware attack that affected County government computers. The 2020 educational mailers could not be
distributed because Environmental Health Division staff did not have access to the necessary software. Also,
staff time was focused on the Durham County Public Health Department's response to the COVID-19
pandemic in 2020. Therefore, Table 11.20 does not list any metric results for the Northeast Creek
watershed during the FY2019-2020 reporting period.
Table 11.20 Environmental Health measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Distribute educational mailings on proper
Number of mailers sent
Data not available*
Ongoing
maintenance of septic systems to homeowners
with septic systems.
Number of responses from residents
Data not available*
Ongoing
Number of residents requesting additional
Data not available*
Ongoing
information on septic system maintenance
*The metric result was not available for this annual report because digital records and software were lost during a malware attack in March 2020
that affected City and County government computers. Environmental Health Division staff were also directed to focus their time on the County
Public Health Department's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
The Environmental Health Division plans to identify failing septic systems in the Northeast Creek watershed
by contacting residents by letter and following up with site visits. Environmental Health staff plan to track the
number of unpermitted septic and sand filter systems that are reported to NCDEQ. The Environmental
Health Division will also coordinate with the City's Stormwater & GIS Division and the Engineering Services
Division to develop a cost -share option for owners of failing septic systems that need assistance with
connecting a private sewer service to the City's sanitary sewer system. During the reporting period,
Stormwater Quality staff researched "septic -to -sewer" cost -share programs implemented by other states and
municipalities. The City's Stormwater & GIS Services Division has budgeted funds to support the
implementation of a septic -to -sewer cost -share program. During the 2021 fiscal year, the City's Stormwater
Quality Unit plans to prepare a formal memo to City Council for approval of a septic -to -sewer cost -share
program for residents within the City limits of Durham.
Table 11.21 Environmental Health measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Conduct a community survey to identify failing
Number of failing subsurface systems
To be determined
2018-2023
subsurface systems
Notify NCDEQ of all existing, unpermitted discharge
Number of unpermitted discharge
To be determined
2018-2023
systems (septic and sand filter systems)
systems identified and sent to NCDEQ
Repair or replace existing septic systems located
Number of existing septic systems
To be determined
2018-2023
within city limits that are failing or leaking. Provide a
repaired or replaced
cost -share option as an incentive to connect to the
City's sanitary sewer system.
Number of residents that received
To be determined
2018-2023
cost -share assistance

11.1.12 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring/Water Quality Status
Tracking has been performed primarily at the point where Northeast Creek crosses Sedwick Road, far
upstream of the compliance point. Sedwick Road offers a convenient location to evaluate City of Durham
and Durham County progress, without interference from other counties or the Durham County WWTP.
Sedwick Road is a current monitoring location for the City of Durham (NEO.ONE) and was a former
monitoring location for the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association (UCFRBA) at B3300000. The UCFRBA
resumed monitoring efforts at station B3300000 in March 2020 with funding support from the City of
Durham. Future comparisons may be made downstream at the compliance point, assuming state data is
readily available for the same time frame. However, the compliance point is not the best location to track the
impact City actions have on fecal coliform levels in Northeast Creek.
As of 2018, there is an overall trend towards worsening fecal coliform levels in Northeast Creek at Sedwick
Road. The USGS Seasonal Kendall trend test was performed using monthly monitoring data from 2000
through 2018; however, no monitoring data was available for 2017. The NC Division of Water Resources
used geometric mean concentrations of fecal coliform calculated using the monthly monitoring data to place
waters on the 303(d) list. Geometric mean concentrations were compared to the benchmarks in the water
quality standard, even though data were not collected consistent with the standard. The City did not monitor
the Northeast Creek watershed in 2015, 2017, and 2019. The UCFRBA monitoring station at B3300000
was discontinued after 2015; however, the 2015 UCFRBA data were not available for the 2015-2016
reporting year and were not included in the 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 annual reports. The
UCFRBA data from 2015 are now provided in Table 11.22. The UCFRBA data are not included in geometric
mean calculations after 2015. A water quality update is not provided for 2017 and 2019 because the City of
Durham and the UCFRBA did not monitor Northeast Creek during those years.
Table 11.22 2000 to 2019 Fecal coliform levels at
Sedwick Road, cfu/100mL
Year
Geometric Mean
Percent greater
than 400
2000
300
33%
2001
138
25%
2002
123
25%
2003
100
8%
2004
461
50%
2005
85
21%
2006
164
21%
2007
106
18%
2008
232
29%
2009
164
23%
2010
130
19%
2011
116
17%
2012
135
29%
2013
145
33%
2014
238
33%
201512
175
36%
20163
410
42%
20171
n/a
n/a
20183
674
64%
20191
n/a
n/a
'Northeast Creek was not monitored by the City in 2015, 2017, and 2019.
22015 geometric mean and "percent greater than 400" calculations only
include UCFRBA data for monitoring site B3300000
32016 and 2018 geometric mean and "percent greater than 400"
calculations only include City of Durham data for monitoring site NEO.ONE.

11.2 Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity
A turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek was approved in 2005. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL are
expressed as pounds per year of total suspended solids (TSS). A maximum TSS load of 0.75 tons per day is
provided in the Third Fork Creek TMDL.
Table 11.23 EPA Approved TMDL for Third Fork Creek
DWQ Assessment
Stream
TMDL
EPA Approval
Description of area
TMDL
Units)
Classification(s)
Parameter
Date
Third Fork Creek from two miles
16-41-1-12-(2)
WS-IV NSW. Potable
Turbidity/TSS
0.75 tons per day
January 11,
upstream of Highway 54 to New
water supply, Nutrient
of TSS
2005
Hope Creek.
Sensitive Water
Table 11.24 Water Quality Standard for Turbidity
Parameter
Administrative
Code Section
Standards for Class C Waters
Turbidity
15A NCAC 02B
Turbidity: the turbidity in the receiving water shall not exceed 50 Nephelometric Turbidity Units
.0211(3)(k)
(NTU) in streams not designated as trout waters and 10 NTU in streams, lakes or reservoirs
designated as trout waters; for lakes and reservoirs not designated as trout waters, the
turbidity shall not exceed 25 NTU; if turbidity exceeds these levels due to natural background
conditions, the existing turbidity level shall not be increased. Compliance with this turbidity
standard can be met when land management activities employ Best Management Practices
(BMPs) [as defined by Rule .0202 of this Section] recommended by the Designated Nonpoint
Source Agency [as defined by Rule .0202 of this Section]. BMPs must be in full compliance
with all specifications governing the proper design, installation, operation, and maintenance of
such BMPs;
The Phase II Minimum Control Measures are described in earlier sections of this document. TMDL response
plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described below.
11.2.1 Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for Third
Fork Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed before October 1, 2018,
please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports. Those items listed below were implemented in
addition to the existing public education and outreach program that includes teacher training, presentations
at schools, participation in community events, and other opportunities that bring Stormwater staff into
contact with the residents of Durham. When there are items that can be regularly posted, utilizing the
Department of Public Works social media accounts is another method of informing the public and reaching
many people quickly.
Table 11.25 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or Number of People
Implementation
Reached
Date
Distribution of materials to
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Grease, Oil,
Landscaping contractors, restaurants, construction
2012-present
target groups
Sediment, Bacteria
industry, fiber installers, plumbers, auto industry,
towing industry, landlords, and HVAC industry
A general measure that addresses many sediment pollution sources is a media campaign to motivate the
public to take specific actions that reduce sources of turbidity and sediment. The outcome measures for this
planned media campaign may be quantified using attendance numbers for in -person outreach events,
webpage viewing metrics, social media likes, and the number of educational material posts shared on social
::

media accounts. Stormwater staff plan to work on a media campaign in FY2021 to address sediment
pollution sources in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Table 11.26 Public education and outreach measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Area Impacted or
Projected
Pollutant(s)
Number of People
Implementatio
Description of Measure
Targeted
Reached
n Timeline
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the public to take specific
Sediment
To be determined
2018 - 2023
actions that reduce sources of sediment and turbidity through the
City's website, online videos (e.g. YouTube), social media accounts,
Waterways newsletter, CWEP handouts, and other methods.
11.2.2 Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Third Fork Creek watershed have generally revolved around the
watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to the TMDL Response
Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table 11.27. There is one new
measure for Public Participation and Involvement planned in Third Fork Creek, which is the implementation
of a citywide adopt -a -drain program for Durham residents. The citywide adopt -a -drain program was
implemented in March 2019 and is currently ongoing. The Stormwater & GIS Services Division tracks the
number of storm drains adopted in the Third Fork Creek watershed as part of this citywide adopt -a -drain
program.
Table 11.27 Third Fork Creek public participation and involvement measures currently implemented
Description of Measure
Purpose
Area Impacted or Number
Implementation Date
of People Reached
Support for Third Fork Creek adopt -a-
Empower community members to
60+ annually
2011-present
stream groups by providing supplies
engage in stewardship activities
for monitoring and cleanups,
volunteer training, and cleanup
event coordination
Table 11.28 Public participation and involvement measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Area Impacted
Implementation
or Number of
Projected
Status
People
Implementatio
Description of Measure
Purpose
Reached
n Timeline
Implement an Adopt -a -Drain
Encourages residents to participate in
164 drains adopted
2018 - 2023
Implemented in
program
removing sediment, leaves, and trash
March, 2019 and
from the street gutter near and around
currently ongoing
storm drain grates.
11.2.3 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the Stormwater
Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division. The IDDE program is
instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of sediment, especially from construction sites that disturb
less than 12,000 square feet of land. In addition to conducting complaint -driven water quality investigations,
the IDDE program has traditionally conducted monthly proactive "weekend enforcement" patrols. These

patrols focused on finding specific issues in specific locations. Patrols have been suspended, pending a
reevaluation of the program's goals and restructure of procedures.
As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.29 lists the new IDDE measure that is planned in Third Fork
Creek. The City's Stormwater Quality Unit will develop a routine stream -walk program which will be aimed at
identifying and eliminating more sources of sediment and turbidity in Northeast Creek.
Table 11.29 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Routine stream -walk program to target the main stem and
Number of sediment -related
To be determined
2018-2023
tributaries with historically higher incidences of illicit
investigations conducted
discharges. Also, inspect and assess stream bank erosion.
Number of stream miles walked
To be determined
2018-2023
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Third Fork Creek watershed and relating to
sediment/turbidity impairments have decreased by over half as compared to the 2018-2019 reporting
period. The categories most likely to affect sediment or turbidity levels in the creek are summarized below.
Table 11.30 Third Fork Creek illicit discharge investigations related to in -stream turbidity
Reporting Period
Erosion & Sediment Control
Yard Wastes
Paint
Illicit Mobile Car Washes
Total
2019-2020
6
0
1
0
7
2018-2019
13
2
2
0
17
2017-2018
32
2
1
0
35
2016-2017
10
11
0
0
21
2015-2016
11
6
1
1
19
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE component
of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely to be obscured by
vegetation. Outfall screening was performed in the Third Fork Creek Watershed, in the Cape Fear Basin,
during the 2010-2011, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2019-2020 reporting years.
A map of 2019-2020 outfall screening in Third Fork Creek is available below as Figure 11.2. During this
screening period, an area centered on City Hall with a 1.5-mile radius was targeted for screening. This area
encompasses three watersheds, including Third Fork Creek. One (sewage -related) investigation was
conducted as a result of outfall screening in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Table 11.31 Third Fork Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting Period
Activity during Reporting Period
2019-2020
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between October 2019 and February 2020. A
total of 50 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2018-2019
No outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
2017-2018
Major outfalls and other targeted outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between November
2017 and February 2018. A total of 227 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2016-2017
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between November 2016 and August 2017. A
total of 139 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2015-2016
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between October 2015 and February 2016. A
total of 159 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
•N

Table 11.31 Third Fork Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting Period
Activity during Reporting Period
2013-2014
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between January and August 2014. A total of
23 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
91

N Map prepared by St—ter&cls 5er—. Dept. of Pubic
O as....rr �...... "., �V Works,-9-Sept-2P19.Infirm atiun tlepic[etlebr reference
0 - 0.25 0.125 b 3.25 Miles Pu ip uses Dn ly and is clampiled fmm thebest available
a.es. T h e L lit, of D u rh a m assum n a reap a nsib l llty fir
arcing from the use or misu se o fthis map.
Figure 11.2 Map of outfalls selected within a 1.5-mile radius of City Hall in downtown Durham during the 2019-2020
screening season. The area shown on the map includes outfalls selected for dry weather screening within three
watersheds, including Third Fork Creek.
92

11.2.4 Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
The Durham County Stormwater & Erosion Control Division routinely inspects privately -funded construction
sites with greater than 12,000 square feet of disturbed land. The County Stormwater & Erosion Control
Division also has procedures to list sites that are not in compliance with local and state erosion control
requirements and issue notices of violation as needed.
Table 11.32 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Conduct monthly inspections on privately -funded construction sites.
Number of active projects
25
Ongoing
Promptly issue violations for off -site sediment discharges from active
construction sites.
Number of inspections
123
Ongoing
Number of NOVs
3
Ongoing
Disturbed land must be stabilized with ground cover, devices, or
Number of sites not in
15
Ongoing
structures sufficient to restrain erosion as described in the City-
compliance
County Unified Development Ordinance (Section 12.10.4(B)).
The planned measures for construction site runoff control in Third Fork Creek are shown below in Table
11.33. Increasing the frequency of sediment and erosion control inspections in Third Fork Creek requires
increased funding of the County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to create more inspection positions.
An Erosion Control Supervisor position was approved with the County's FY2021 budget which will allow the
County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to work towards increasing the frequency of sediment and
erosion control inspections and enforcement. The other planned measures for construction site runoff
control will require coordination between the City's Stormwater Quality Unit and the County's Stormwater &
Erosion Control Division as well as the approval to change City code and the Unified Development Ordinance.
Table 11.33 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
More frequent sediment & erosion inspections and enforcement.
Number of active projects
To be determined
2023-2033
Number of inspections
To be determined
2023-2033
Number of NOVs
To be determined
2023-2033
Promote the use of flocculants in drainage ditches on construction
Number of guidance
To be determined
2018-2023
sites to settle out sediment and solids. Create a one -page handout
handouts distributed
about flocculent guidance or update current construction handout to
include guidance on the use of flocculants.
Change City code to grant authority for the City's Public Works
Number of stop -work orders
To be determined
2023-2028
Department to issue a "stop -work order" for small construction sites
issued
that are not in compliance with required sediment and erosion
control practices.
93

11.2.5 Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Third Fork Creek watershed for many years due to
the water supply watershed program. The Third Fork Creek TMDL for turbidity is expressed as TSS
concentration. The current stormwater ordinance requires all City of Durham new development projects
triggering applicability to provide TSS reduction for runoff from all impervious surfaces for developments
>24% impervious, and in low -density developments where runoff is piped. The North Carolina Stormwater
Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the nutrient and total suspended solids
reductions attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina. The previous standard of 85% TSS removal has
been replaced by performance standards of Primary and Secondary SCMs described in the North Carolina
Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document.
As of July 22, 2019, there were approximately 84 known SCMs maintained in the Third Fork Creek
watershed, including dry ponds, wet ponds, and bioretention areas. Infiltration devices and those SCMs that
allow settling are considered to have the highest ability to remove total suspended solids. A map of SCMs in
the Third Fork Creek watershed is provided in Figure 11.3 below.
Table 11.34 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Third Fork Creek Watershed
constructed to serve new development
SCM type
Number in the
Third Fork Creek
Watershed
TSS Removal
Bioretention area
11
Primary
Constructed wetland
4
Primary
Dry pond
16
Secondary
Filterra/StormFilter/Inlet Filter
5
Primary(a)
Level spreader
3
Secondary
Rain Water Harvesting
1
Primary
Sand Filter
12
Primary
Silva Cell
1
Primary(a)
Underground storage
15
N/A
Wet pond
16
Primary
Total
84
(a) Assumes similar removal as filtration devices.
Projects located in the Third Fork Creek watershed that were approved during the reporting year are listed
below in Table 11.35. A summary of compliance/enforcement notices issued during the reporting year to
private SCM owners for the Third Fork Creek watershed is listed below in Table 11.37.
Table 11.35 List of All Projects Approved in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Project Name
SCM Type Approved
NCCU Lawson Student Housing- D1900138
Sand Filter - Underground
Hope Valley Commons Business Park D1900383
Existing Constructed Wetland
Venable Center Multifamily - D1900084
StormFilter and Underground Storage
Johnson Victory Circle - D1900174
Utilizes SCMs from previously -approved projects in the
same development complex
Lyon Park Restroom - D1900103
Exempt'
SpringHill Suites - Durham - D1900203
Sand Filter - Underground and Underground Storage
Gordon Street Townes Amendment D1900365
Bioretention
Fifth Third Bank - Harris Teeter Outparcel - D1900418
Exempt'
NCCU Lawson Residence Hall -site plan amendment- D2000042
Retrofit Existing Sand Filter - Underground
Durham Tech New Applied Technology Building Amendment II -
D2000057
Uses Existing Sand Filter - Underground
Life Skills Hub
Exempt'
Westminster Presbyterian Fellowship Hall (D1900064)
Exempt'
'Project did not trigger SCM requirements.
0

Table 11.36 Summary of Compliance/Enforcement Notices for SCMs in the Third Fork Creek
watershed.
Type of Enforcement Action
Number of SCMs
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
80
Notices of Breach
6
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
1
The planned measures for post -construction stormwater management are aimed at reducing streambank
scour, promoting the use of green infrastructure for privately funded and City -funded construction projects,
and investigating the development of slope protection regulations for natural and managed areas. These
measures will require coordination between the City's Stormwater Development Review Group and the City -
County Planning Department, time to research how to implement the measures, and approvals from City
Council and the County Commissioners to revise City code and the Unified Development Ordinance. The
planned measures are listed below in Table 11.37.
Table 11.37 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Investigate highly effective channel protection methods to reduce
To be determined
To be determined
2018-2023
streambank scour including stream channel protection volume
(CPV) measures.
Explore strategies to promote greater use of green infrastructure to
To be determined
To be determined
2023-2028
complement traditional SCMs & BMPs in the City's post -
construction stormwater management efforts.
(A) For development and planning, designate slopes as Preserved
UDO amendments
To be determined
2023-2028
(natural areas >25% slope) and Man-made (managed areas
approved and
>25%). (B) Eliminate 50% slope (2:1) allowance. Steep slope
implemented
violation, encroachment clarification in the Unified Development
Ordinance.
95

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v
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N
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Figure 11.3. Stormwater Control Measures and Stormwater Retrofits located within the Third Fork Creek watershed in
the City of Durham.
96

11.2.6 Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department has a city-wide street sweeping program that helps remove sediment, leaves,
and other debris from the street curb and gutter. City-wide street sweeping results are reported in Section 8
of this annual report; however, the tracking methods are currently being developed for determining the
number of street miles swept within the Third Fork Creek watershed. For the 2019-2020 reporting year, the
number of street miles swept within the Third Fork Creek watershed is reported as a percentage of the total
street miles swept within the City limits. The total street miles swept within the City limits was 25,413 miles.
City -maintained roads within the Third Fork Creek watershed are 20.88% (163.86 miles) of all City -
maintained roads (784.76 miles). Using the assumption that street sweeping routes were completed an
equal number of times, approximately 5,306.3 street miles were swept within the Third Fork Creek
watershed. The Public Works Department's plan to install and test automatic vehicle locator (AVL) hardware
on street sweeping vehicles has been delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The AVL technology will
likely provide more accurate street sweeping data; however, the data from the AVL hardware may not be
available for reporting until the 2022 fiscal year.
The Public Works Department also inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater drainage
system. Public Works staff have developed methods for tracking the number of assets (nodes, channels, and
pipes) associated with work orders for stormwater inspection and maintenance activities that occur in the
Third Fork Creek watershed. The Water Management Department implements field protocols for containing
and removing sediment that is discharged to the street during and after a City water line leak or break.
Water Management staff have developed methods for tracking the number of closed work orders for water
line repairs and replacement occurrences located in the Third Fork Creek watershed. The metric results for
the measures in Table 11.38 are reported for the Third Fork Creek watershed.
Table 11.38 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently implemented in the Third Fork Creek
watershed
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementatio
n Date
City-wide street sweeping program (including Third Fork Creek).
Number of street curb miles
5,306.3
Ongoing
swept
Remove sediment from clogged storm drains before flushing storm
Number of assets associated
184 (91 nodes, 15
Ongoing
drains which prevents more sediment from being released into a
with closed work orders
channels, and 78
nearby stream.
pipes)
Conduct routine inspections and maintenance of stormwater catch
Number of assets associated
199 (100 catch
Ongoing
basins.
with closed work orders
basins, 19
channels, and 80
pipes)
Conduct site inspections monthly and conduct lot sweeping 1-2 times
Number of inspections
8
Ongoing
per month or as needed at the Public Works Operation Center
(PWOC). Regularly check and replace sediment control bags in
stormwater catch basins at PWOC.
Number of times the PWOC lot
12
Ongoing
was swept
Adherence to field crew protocols for sweeping and shoveling
Number of closed work orders
29
Ongoing
sediment in the street and curb gutter during and after street water
line repair work to prevent sediment from entering storm drains.
The planned measures for pollution prevention and good housekeeping are outlined below in Table 11.39.
Increasing the frequency of street sweeping in the Third Fork Creek watershed will require funding for more
97

staff and more street sweepers, which means the measure could take up to 15 years (3 permit cycles) to
implement. Allocating funds to purchase storm drain protection supplies for Public Works field crews is
projected to be implemented within the next 5 years.
Table 11.39 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Increase street sweeping frequency in the Third Fork Creek
To be determined
To be determined
2023-2033
watershed.
Purchase and supply Public Works Operations Division field staff with
Number of storm drain
To be determined
2018-2023
the materials they need to protect storm drains during maintenance
protection supplies
work in the street.
purchased
11.2.7 Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the NPDES
six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are grouped by the
City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures. Watershed Planning and
Stormwater Retrofitting is the only additional program with measures (implemented and planned) that apply
to the Third Fork Creek TMDL Response Plan.
11.2.8 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated into the
Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the Phase II minimum measures, this program does
provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks. The two planned measures shown below in
Table 11.40 involve performing additional streambank stabilization and restoration projects and
constructing SCMs that address TSS. Public Works staff are developing metrics to track these planned
measures towards implementation.
Table 11.40 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Perform additional streambank stabilization and
To be determined
To be determined
2028 - 2033
restoration.
Review Third Fork Watershed Improvement Plan (WIP) and
Number of SCMs planned for
To be determined
2023 - 2028
implement the construction of SCMs identified in the WIP
construction
that address TSS.
Number of SCMs constructed
To be determined
2023 - 2028
Table 11.41 lists the retrofits in the Third Fork Creek Watershed that are currently tracked by Watershed
Planning staff in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.41. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
Number in the Third Fork
SCM type
TSS Removal
Creek Watershed
Cistern
15
n/a
M

Table 11.41. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
SCM type
Number in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
TSS Removal
Conservation Easement
5
0 - 35% (a)
Constructed Wetland
2
85%
Green Roof
1
0%
Permeable Pavement
1
70 - 85%
Rain Garden
34
85% (b)
Regenerative Stormwater
Conveyance
1
75% (c)
Stream Restoration
4
60% (d)
Total
63
(a) Assumes similar removal as a grassed swale
(b) Assumes similar removal as infiltration devices.
(c) Assumes similar removal as infiltration and sedimentation devices.
www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater, 2014. Cizek, A., RSC Performance Results
(d) Assumes similar removal as riparian buffers.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed Planning staff
in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.42 Retrofit projects in the Third Fork Creek watershed
Project
Implementation
2019-2020 Project
Description of Project
Area Treated
Name
Date
Update
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham Soil
6,054 sq ft (Total area
2014
In April 2019, this agreement
SCMs in the City
and Water Conservation District to fund
treated for project. Area
was expanded by $40,000.
of Durham
SCMs using the CCAP program. Annual
treated in Third Fork
Specific sites for the SCMs have
inspections of each device installed under
Creek to be determined)
not been determined.
this contract will continue.
Other non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting are
described below:
Stream Bank Erosion Monitoring Study - Project to determine Durham -specific stream erosion rates
using bank pins. Monitoring is ongoing and several sites are located in Third Fork Creek. Monitoring
events have occurred in September 2019, February 2020, and July 2020. A subgroup of four sites
was selected for evaluation of erosion rates using the root dendrogeomorphology method. This
methodology uses measurements and observations of growth rings from tree roots exposed in an
eroded stream bank to determine a site -specific rate of erosion. Samples were obtained in June
2020 and are under analysis. Results will be documented in a forthcoming technical memorandum
produced as part of the New Hope Creek & Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan.
Stream Vegetation Management Contract (SP-2019-02) - This contract involves the management of
invasive vegetation in conservation easements associated with stream projects. The conservation
easement at Forest Hills Park that is part of the 2005 stream restoration of Third Fork Creek will
continue through 2021.

Property Reviews and Retrofit Evaluations - Staff perform feasibility reviews of properties offered to the
City for sale, donation, or acquisition. These reviews evaluate each property for opportunities to
address watershed -specific concerns, such as turbidity in Third Fork Creek, by installing a
stormwater control measure.
11.2.9 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring/ Water Quality Status
The turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek is unusual because turbidity violations were the reason for listing the
creek on the state 303(d) list, while the TMDL is expressed in terms of the load of total suspended solids.
The TMDL assumes that in meeting the total suspended solids target load the turbidity violations will
decrease to an acceptable level. The City of Durham tracks both turbidity and total suspended solids loads in
Third Fork Creek to evaluate compliance with both the TMDL and the water quality standard for turbidity.
The City of Durham has seven water quality monitoring stations in Third Fork Creek, although only one
station is monitored every year for TMDL compliance monitoring. For previous annual reports, TSS
concentration data from the City's monitoring station at Highway 751(TFO.OTC) and the UCFRBA monitoring
station at Highway 54 (133025000) have been used to estimate annual TSS loads. After reviewing monitoring
locations with the US Geological Survey (USGS), the City decided to discontinue use of the monitoring station
at Highway 751 for load calculation. In 2018, a new City monitoring station was established upstream at
Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC), which is also co -located with a USGS discharge gage (02097280). As a result,
all load estimations in this report will differ from all reports before the FY2019 annual report, in some years
significantly.
The UCFRBA monitoring station at Highway 54 (133025000) is the nearest downstream road crossing to
TFI.OTC at Woodcroft Parkway. The Highway 54 monitoring station is the TMDL compliance point. The
acceptable criterion at the compliance point is no more than 10% of the turbidity data in a five-year period
exceeding the water quality standard of 50 NTU. Evaluating turbidity on an annual basis since 2010,
turbidity levels have exceeded the water quality standard in more than 10% of samples during four years.
During this period, the stream bank along the Third Fork Creek trail collapsed and restoration occurred. This
may affect turbidity concentrations as well as annual loads. Table 11.43 summarizes annual results for
turbidity since 2010 at the UCFRBA monitoring location.
Table 11.43 UCFRBA Turbidity Results (NTU) at Highway 54
Calendar Year
Median
Maximum
Percent of Samples >
50 NTU
2019
10.7
39.5
0%
2018
32.5
230
36%
2017
14.6
90
8%
2016
14.6
228
25%
2015
16.7
66
8%
2014
32.45
80.1
0%
2013
25.9
101
25%
2012
13.65
43.4
25%
2011
17.35
170
8%
2010
20.3
95.4
8%
Loads of TSS are calculated annually using the USGS load estimation program LOADEST (Mod4.8, March
2013). For this TMDL Response Plan update, loads for the past five years (2015 through 2019) were
calculated using the UCFRBA monitoring data at Highway 54 (133025000) and the City's monitoring data at
Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC). Since the City established TFI.OTC in 2018, the UCFRBA monitoring data
were used to calculate TSS loads for years 2015 through 2017, and monitoring data for B3025000 and
TFI.OTC were used to calculate TSS loads for 2018 through 2019.
Estimates of the mean monthly load are provided by LOADEST, including the upper and lower 95%
confidence limits on the mean monthly load. These were used to estimate the mean annual load and the
100

95% confidence limits on that load. These load estimates were compared to the TMDL load of 547,500
pounds/year. Table 11.44 shows estimates of TSS loads. The difference between the estimated mean TSS
load for 2019 (2,194,934 pounds) and the TMDL annual load (547,500 pounds) is 1,647,434 pounds. City
water quality monitoring data continues to be available on the water quality web portal
(d u rh a m wate rq u a l ity. o r ).
Table 11.44 Estimates of TSS Load (pounds) at the Compliance Point
Calendar Year
Mean Annual Load
95% Confidence Limits on Annual Loads
Lower
Upper
2019
2,194,934
726,495
5,251,772
2018
7,909,935
1,929,199
22,756,316
2017
5,385,940
1,075,504
16,967,243
2016
6,656,183
1,507,925
19, 775,011
2015
3,140,457
898,871
8,131,066
101