A3_NCS000249 Durham NPDES Annual Report FY2019

PUBLIC WORKS
CITY OF DURHAM
ANNUAL REPORT
CITY OF DURHAM
NPDES MUNICIPAL STORMWATER PERMIT
Permit Number NCS000249
OCTOBER 1, 2018 - JUNE 30, 2019
Prepared by City of Durham, Public Works Department
Stormwater and GIS Services Division
Certification
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and
evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or
those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Marvin G. Williams
Director of Public Works

Table of Contents
1.
Introduction and Highlights..............................................................................................................................4
2.
Program Implementation.................................................................................................................................
7
Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2019.................................................................................................................
7
3.
Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts...........................................................................17
3 (a) (b) Target Pollutants, Sources and Audiences.........................................................................................18
3(c) Informational Website................................................................................................................................18
3(d) Distribution of materials to target groups.................................................................................................18
3(e) Promote hotline..........................................................................................................................................20
3(f) Education and Outreach Program..............................................................................................................20
Forthe coming year............................................................................................................................................21
4.
Public Involvement and Participation............................................................................................................22
PublicInvolvement Highlights............................................................................................................................22
Forthe coming year............................................................................................................................................23
5.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program........................................................................24
5(a) Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities.....................................................................................................25
5(b) Maintain a Storm Water System Base Map..............................................................................................26
5(c) Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls in Targeted Areas ........
26
5(d) Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE Program.....................................26
5(e) Reporting Mechanisms..............................................................................................................................27
5(f) Documentation............................................................................................................................................28
6.
Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Program............................................................................................41
7.
Development and Re -development Program Post -Construction Program Site Runoff Controls...............46
7(a) Post Construction Stormwater Management Program............................................................................48
7(b) Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate for the MS4...................49
7(c) Deed Restrictions and Covenants.............................................................................................................49
7(d) Operation and Maintenance Plan..............................................................................................................49
7(e) Educational Materials and Training for Developers.................................................................................50
Highlightsfor the coming year...........................................................................................................................55
8.
Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations...................................................56
8(a) Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations......................................................................................59
8(b) Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations.........................................................59
8(c) Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations................................................59
8(d) Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations........................................................70
8(e) Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas used for vehicle and
equipmentcleaning............................................................................................................................................71
8(f) Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance.................................................................................71
2

8(g) Operation and Maintenance (0&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned storm sewer system
(including catch basins, the conveyance system, and structural stormwater controls)................................72
8(h) Staff training...............................................................................................................................................72
9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to Municipal Systems.................82
9(a) Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities............................................................................................82
9(b) Inspection Program....................................................................................................................................83
9(c) Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4................................................85
10. Water Quality Assesment and Monitoring.................................................................................................93
11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs......................................................................................................102
11(a) Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria.............................................................................102
11(b) Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity.....................................................................................................116
Notice Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
The City of Durham does not discriminate against qualified individuals on the basis of disability. Citizens who
require an auxiliary aid or service for effective communications or assistance should contact the ADA
Coordinator at [phone] x21234, TTY [phone] or [e-mail].
3

1. Introduction and Highlights
The City of Durham is authorized to discharge stormwater runoff from the City's municipal separate storm
sewer system (MS4) by National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit number
NCS000249, which was revised and renewed effective October 10, 2018, through October 9, 2023. The City
of Durham's Stormwater & GIS Services Division is the lead agency in carrying out the City's NPDES
municipal permit and the associated Stormwater Management Program, although other Programs,
Departments, and Divisions play integral roles.
The previous annual report included data and information through September 30, 2018, the first three
months of the 2019 fiscal year. As requested and agreed to by the NC Department of Environmental Quality
(DEQ October 30, 2018 letter to Marvin Williams, Director of Public Works, updated September 16, 2019),
this annual report will include data and information from October 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019, the remainder
of the 2019 fiscal year.
Summary of Significant Changes to the Stormwater Management Plan (SMP)
Durham Stormwater & GIS Services will perform a general update of the SMP. Specific changes anticipated
include additional references to SOPs, modifications to post -construction procedures (which may be in
SOPs), and updates of the Illicit Discharge and Assessment and Monitoring sections.
Selected Permit Highlights
■ One WaterWays newsletter went out with city water and stormwater bills, reaching more than 93,000
residents. Topics included a stormwater infographic, new videos, yard waste disposal, and floodplain risk maps
■ A new Green Infrastructure video shows how natural and constructed landscape features filter stormwater and
highlights a few local projects.
■ During the eleventh annual Creek Week, 626 volunteers collected 10,985 pounds of trash at 24 sites.
Seventeen local government and community organizations cooperated to present 14 educational and
recreational events to help residents learn about our water resources and how to care for them.
■ The City launched adopt -a -drain, an online application, www.draindurham.org, developed by Code for Durham
for residents to sign up to clear litter and debris from storm drains in the right-of-way. The City provided safety
and cleanup supplies to new adopt -a -drain volunteers at the Creek Week volunteer fair.
■ Seventy businesses are part of the STAR stormwater business recognition program. Staff members evaluate
their stormwater-related practices and provide training. In 2018, staff worked with Duke University's Center for
Advanced Hindsight to create a targeted mailing to businesses in Durham in order to recruit them into the
Stormwater STAR Business Recognition Program. Staff mailed over 3,000 letters out to local businesses, and
as a result, 59 new businesses joined the program.
■ The City conducted stormwater pollution prevention training with three businesses during the reporting year.
These include Ryan Homes, Habitat for Humanity, and Always Buying Scrap. The City also conducted a
presentation at the Bull City Workplace Challenge.
■ City Stormwater Staff investigated 260 stormwater quality complaints. The most frequent means of initiating
an investigation were reports from Water Quality and other City staff members (25% each, 50% total), and the
Pollution Prevention Hotline (18%).
o Of the 260 investigations including follow-up, City Stormwater Staff issued 34 Notices of Violation, 54
Notices of Requirement, and 27 Notices of Penalty.
o The primary sources of pollution during the permit year were erosion and sediment, private sewer
discharges, and discharges of petroleum products.
■ During the reporting period, 33 outfalls were screened at 15 industrial facilities. A significant, ongoing, illicit
discharge was identified at one outfall. A Notice of Requirement was issued to the responsible party, a major
automotive sales and services center, mandating permanent plumbing repairs. Follow-up inspection, dye tests,
and evaluation of the outfall confirm the matter was resolved.
2

■ Of the 211 outfalls screened in the Northeast Creek watershed during fall -winter dry weather screening,
approximately 75% had water present, with four percent having heavy flow. Field measurements gave rise to
five illicit discharge investigations. In each of the five cases, staff members were unable to confirm the
presence of contaminants on follow-up evaluation. Each case was closed with no sources of illicit discharges
identified. The dry weather screening program is anticipated to be modified following the winter screening.
■ During the reporting period, weekend patrols were conducted once in each of October and November, which
closed out the weekend patrol year cycle. The focus of these patrols was single-family residential development.
A total of 134 single-family residential construction sites were visited (<12,000 ft2), with eight illicit discharge
investigations initiated. Of these investigations, Stormwater Staff issued two Notices of Requirement, two
Notices of Violation, and two Notices of Penalty. As of December 2018, the weekend enforcement patrol
program has been temporarily suspended, pending review of its overall effectiveness.
■ The City continued to conduct quality assurance site inspections of permitted structural SCMs. The program
issued 619 Notices of Regulatory Requirement and 123 Notices of Breach. The most common reasons for
issuing these notices were for failing to submit an annual inspection report and failing to complete identified
repairs and submitting a passing inspection report.
■ In the reporting period, regenerative air sweepers swept 12,236 curb miles (2,357 tons disposed) from city
streets, city facilities, and city -owned parking lots. Manual collection picked up an additional 185 tons from
streets and right of ways, while 16,275 tons of litter were collected from bus stops. Crews picked up 1,285
dead animals from streets.
■ During the reporting period, work began to replace the concrete driveway aprons at City Fire Station #2. Vehicle
washing is not presently conducted at this station because there is no compliant solution for doing so. As this
is considered a renovation within the scope of the City's MS4 NPDES permit (section G(2)(e)), a feasibility study
was conducted to determine what, if any, vehicle wash water management measures could be implemented.
Due to space limitations, no structural measures could be designed to work effectively. As a result of this
feasibility study, Public Works and the Fire Department are partnering to test a new operational strategy for
compliant onsite washing.
■ City Council approved a new budget for the FY2020 fiscal year that included no changes to stormwater fees.
Other Highlights (Voluntary Activities)
■ On April 1, 2019, the City Council adopted a resolution supporting renewable energy and carbon neutrality. The
resolution is focused on the City's Sustainability Roadmap to develop an action plan towards carbon neutrality
by 2040 in City operations. The City has begun to transition away from fossil fuel -based energy in four areas,
increased energy efficiency, renewable energy generation, fleet changes and offset purchases.
■ The City developed an Urban Forest Management Plan to guide practices and initiatives in support of
maintaining the health and viability of existing trees, and to expand the distribution and numbers of new trees.
The three main objectives of the plan are to increase the health and diversity of street trees through active
maintenance, extend the canopy of street trees over high priority/low canopy areas and encourage the
preservation of trees on properties not owned or maintained by the City of Durham.
■ A new contract was issued to continue to control invasive vegetation located at stream restoration and
stormwater quality projects. (This contract follows previous contracts issued in 2013 and 2016.) The function
of the stream restoration and stormwater quality projects is to provide restoration and protection services for
City streams and riparian areas. The contract will continue invasive vegetation control services for three years.
■ The City began the process of developing a Long -Range Water Resources Plan that integrates raw water
supply, transmission capacity, potable water treatment capacity, water conservations and demand, potential
reclaimed water use, and wastewater treatment capacity. This plan will provide an understanding of the City's
ability to meet the potable and non -potable water needs of its service area for the next 50 years. The overall
result will assist the City with aligning its capital improvement projects with its water efficiency and
conservation program in a way that balances risk and efficiency.
■ The City continues to actively participate in the Upper Neuse River Basin Association, the Upper Cape Fear
River Basin Association, and the Jordan Lake One Water process. During the reporting period, the Upper Neuse
River Basin Association ceased comprehensive monitoring of Falls Lake and the watershed to begin to focus
5

on water quality modeling. The Jordan Lake One Water stakeholder group began to develop subcommittees to
discuss potential new rules for Jordan Lake nutrient management.
A contract was issued for the next Watershed Improvement Plan in a series of plans the City is developing. The
new contract is for the New Hope Creek and Little Creek watersheds -both in the Jordan Lake watershed of the
Cape Fear River Basin. The New Hope Creek & Little Creek watershed plan will involve planning, conducting
public meetings, assessment of current watershed conditions, formulation of watershed restoration goals,
development of watershed restoration recommendations, identification of stormwater retrofit/restoration
opportunities, water quality modeling, watershed modeling, hydraulic/hydrologic modeling, engineering,
design, analysis, cost estimates, surveying, data collection, preliminary plans, and 30% construction plans for
stormwater projects.
The City began the process of developing and implementing a hydraulic sewer model for the North Durham
sewer basin. The North Durham sewer basin is the entire geographical area that flows to the North Durham
Water Reclamation Facility. The process includes flow monitoring, surveying manholes, evaluating lift stations,
assessing the condition of large -diameter and high -priority sewer outfalls, and allocating projected flow
consistent with the Long -Range Water Resources Plan. Once completed, the model will be used to evaluate
sewer collection system needs including master planning, renewing the aging sewer system, reducing rain -
derived inflow and infiltration, and restoring capacity in mains and at lift stations.
■ A pilot composting project was initiated by the Solid Waste Department during the reporting period. The pilot
includes a subset of solid waste customers that are also yard waste customers. Composting activities, which
includes composting food wastes, are occurring at the North Durham Water Reclamation Facility. The goal is to
create market -quality compost from a combination of biosolids and composted material.
n.

2. Program Implementation
■ The City's organization chart is presented in Figure 2.1 below.
■ An updated organizational chart for the Public Works Department is provided in Figure 2.2 below. The chart
reflects minor changes within the Stormwater and GIS Services Division.
■ Table 2.1 provides a list of key personnel, which has been updated.
Program Budget for Fiscal Year 2019
■ The City continues to provide adequate capital and operating funds through a stormwater utility to implement
the City's stormwater program. Legal restrictions on the use of these funds are set out in NC Session Law
2000-70 which modified the legal uses of stormwater utility funds to include programs required by an NPDES
permit.
■ The stormwater utility fee is based on impervious surface, using an Equivalent Residential Unit of 2,400
square feet. Rates remained unchanged for FY2019, with stormwater charges per Equivalent Residential Unit
at $6.75 per month. Non-residential properties are billed based on actual impervious surface. Residential
properties are divided into three billing tiers based on impervious area, with the highest tier billed $162.24 per
year, and the middle and low tier billed at $81.00 and $39.12, respectively.
■ For FY2020, City Council approved a total City operating budget of $544.5 million budget, including $18
million for stormwater management.
■ Authorized positions funded by the Stormwater Utility Fund remained unchanged, as shown at the top of Table
2.2, below.
■ The stormwater operating budget adopted for FY2020 is shown in lower part of Table 2.2. The authorized
Stormwater Management Fund operating budget for FY2020 provides for appropriations of $ 18,712,788.
■ A summary of the Stormwater Capital Projects Budget provides cumulative funding in Table 2.3.
7

Figure 2.1 Organizational chart of City of Durham Departments
Figure 2.1
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May°`and
City Council
City of Durham
{ City
Attorney
City
clerk
Departments
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City
r _"T Manager
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Services
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Office of
Puirlic Affairs
Refer to Table 2.1 Key
Personnel Contacts for
names of key personnel.
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&Support I Operations
Manager I Deputy City
Community
Manager Deputy City
Building
Manager
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See F+gure 22
Far Public Works
Improvement
Services
Org Chart
* County Line Department

Figure 2.2 City of Durham Public Works Department (222 FTEs) (Stormwater Functions Shaded)
Asst. Director
EngineeringServices
Engineering
Des ign, Survey &
Utility Locate
Contract
Management
Development
Review &
Engineering
Services
Inspections
Director of Public Works
Office of the Director
Business Services Manager
Executive Assistant 1--H Operations & Safety
Asst. Director Asst. Director
Stormwater&GIS Maintenance Operations
Figure 2-2. City of Durham
Public Works Department
Stormwater
Functions Shaded
GIS/Stormwater
Inventory Control
Billing
Maintenance
WaterQuality
Administration
Stormwater
Street &
Development
Stormwater
Review
Maintenance
Stormwater
Infrastructure
Watershed
Planning&
Implementation
Street
Maintenance
Street Cleaning
Storntenancmwater
Maie
Concrete
Maintenance
Special Projects
9

Figure 2.3 City of Durham Public Works Department, Stormwater & GIS Division
52 FTEs,
2 Admin
14 GIS / SW Billing
4 Special Projects
10 SW Dev Review
12 Water Quality
10 Infrastructure
Billing &GIS
Manager
Infrastructure Watersheds
Manager Manager
Development
Review
Mana er
Water Quality
Manager
Bus System Bus System Bus System Sr Bus System
Admin Admin Admin- Analyst
Principal Principal Principal
Engineer Engineer Engineer (*) Sr Engineer
Engineering Administrative
Manager Coord
Public Info & Env Plan &
Engineer Comm Analyst Comp Analyst
Assist. WQ
Manager
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System
Analyst Analyst Specialist
Engineering Sr Engineer r. Engineerin Sr Engineer Public Info &
Specialist Inspector Comm Analyst
Principal
Engineer
Engineering Env Plan &
Specialist Comp Coord
Sr Env Plan & Env PI
Comp Analyst Comp P
Sr Bus System Bus System Bus System
Analyst Coord Specialist
Engineering Engineering Sr Env Plan &
Tech Inspector Comp Analyst
Principal
Engineer
Engineering Env Plan &
Tech. Comp Coord
Er
Co
Bus System Bus System Bus System
Analyst Specialist Specialist
Engineer
Env Plan &
Comp
S ecialist
Er
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Principal
Er
(* Position shared between Stormwater Development Review and Infrastructure.)
10

Table 2.1 Key Personnel Contacts
City Manager - Thomas J. Bonfield
Assistant to the City Manager - Karmisha Wallace
Durham One Call - Contact Center Manager - Vacant
Deputy City Manager, Administrative & Support - Wanda Page
Deputy City Manager, Community Building - Keith Chadwell
Deputy City Manager, Operations -William Bowman "Bo" Ferguson
Public Works Director- Marvin G. Williams
Assistant Director, Engineering Services - Tasha Johnson
Assistant Director, Street Maintenance - Phillip Powell
Superintendent of Street Maintenance - Vacant
Safety Officer - Barbara Aaron
Street Maintenance Administrative Analyst - Trudy Boehm
Stormwater Maintenance Supervisor - John Sandin
Street Cleaning Supervisor - Benita Quick
Street Maintenance Supervisor - Charles Brown
Concrete Maintenance Supervisor - Jeffrey Johnson and Luis Santiago
Assistant Director, Stormwater & GIS Services - Paul Wiebke
Stormwater Billing & GIS Administrator - Edward Cherry
Stormwater Billing Unit Manager - Carmen Murphy
Stormwater Development Review Manager - Shea Bolick
SCM Maintenance Program Coordinator - Bill Hailey
Stormwater Infrastructure Manager - Dana Hornkohl
Drainage and Floodplain Civil Engineer - Graham Summerson
Stormwater Infrastructure Civil Engineer - Greg Smith
Water Quality Manager - Michelle Woolfolk
Assistant Water Quality Manager - J.V. Loperfido
Water Quality Analyst (Monitoring) - Vacant
Pollution Prevention Coordinator - Emily Rhode
Water Quality Analyst (Investigations and Inspections) - James Azarelo
Watershed Planning and Implementation Engineer -Sandra Wilbur
Stormwater Public Education Coordinator - Laura Smith
General Services Director - J i n a P ro pst, I me r i m
Division Manager of Art, Cultural and Sustainable Communities- Stacey Poston
Energy and Sustainability Analyst, Paul Cameron
Division Manager of Project Management - Henri Prosperi
Assistant Director of Facilities Operations - Kevin Lilley
Urban Forestry Manager - Alexander Johnson
Keep Durham Beautiful, Inc. Executive Director - Tania Dautlick
Parks and Recreation Director- Rhonda B. Parker
Assistant Director, Park Planning, Maintenance and Athletics - Thomas Dawson
Parks Superintendent - Robert Jennings
Assistant Director, Park Recreation Division - Jason Jones
Assistant Director, Administrative Division - Joy Guy
Water Management Director- Don Greeley
Assistant Director (Administration and Operations) - Vicki Westbrook
Water Resources Planning Manager - Sydney Miller
Environmental Programs Administrator - Reginald Hicks
Senior Public Affairs Specialist - Vacant
Industrial Waste Control Program Administrator - Gerald Tyrone Battle
11

Laboratory Manager - James Blake
Assistant Director (Plant Operations & Maintenance) - John Young
Assistant Director (System Maintenance) - Stephen Buchanan
Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Junior Mobley
Assistant Superintendent, Water and Sewer Maintenance - Tim Segard
Assistant Superintendent (Plant Operations & Maintenance) - Billy Hollowell
Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, North Durham WRF - John Dodson
Plant Supervisor NDWRF - Brian Merritt
Superintendent, Wastewater Treatment, South Durham WRF - Charlie Cocker
Plant Supervisor SDWRF - Newman Gunter
Superintendent, Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Steve Stewart
Superintendent, Lift Station Maintenance - Bob Slaughter
Water Supply and Treatment
Superintendent/ORC Williams Water Treatment Plant - Bobby Whisnant
Plant Supervisor Williams WTP - Daryll Kennedy
Superintendent/ORC Brown Water Treatment Plant - Tom Lucas
Plant Supervisor Brown WTP - Brian Thompson
Utility Engineering Supervisor - Jerry Morrone
System Rehabilitation Supervisor - Crystal Penton
Solid Waste Director- Donald Long
Assistant Director/Operations - Wayne Fenton
Sr. Assistant Solid Waste Manager/Operations - Carlos Lyons
Disposal Manager/Transfer Station - Dan Parker
Code Enforcement Officer - Mike Simpson, Supervisor
Fire Department -Fire Chief - Robert Zoldos
Deputy Fire Chief - Christopher lannuzzi
Assistant Chief of Planning and Administration - Brian Eaton
Hazardous Materials Team (HazMat)
Neighborhood Improvement Services Director- Co nsta nce Sta nci I
Housing Code Administrator - Faith Gardner
Nuisance Abatement Supervisor - Rudy Toledo
Impact Team Manager- Daryl Hedgspeth
Fleet Management Director - Joseph W. Clark
Fire Equipment Supervisor, William Painter
Transportation Director- Sean C. Egan, Director
Assistant Director, Technical Services - Bill Judge
City Traffic Engineer - Philip Loziuk
Sign Shop Supervisor - Danny Cochran, Sr.
Finance Director- David Boyd
Financial Operations Manager - Joyce Cooper
Business Services Manager, General Billing and Collections - Monte Evans
Durham City -County Departments
Durham County Sustainability Office - Tobin Fried, Manager
Durham City/County Planning Director- Patrick Young
Development Services Center Manager - Pete Sullivan
Assistant Director of Planning - Sara Young
Zoning Administration Supervisor - Landus Robertson
Durham City/County Inspections - William E. (Gene) Bradham, Director
Assistant Director - Dana Inebnit
Chief Plumbing Inspector - Christian Baird
12

City -County Emergency Management' - Jim Groves, Fire Marshall
Emergency Management Division Chief - Leslie O'Connor
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) - David Marsee
ALERTDURHAM Emerj�encv Notification System
County Departments and Divisions
Durham Soil and Water Conservation District - Eddie Culberson, Director
General Manager of Public Health and Community Well Being - Gayle Harris
Public Health Department, Division of Environmental Health Director - J. Christopher Salter
Supervisor, Onsite Water Protection - Patrick C. Eaton, REHS
Environmental Specialist - Noelle Spence
Supervisor, Restaurant & Lodging - Marc Meyer
General Manager of Engineering and Environmental Services - Jay Gibson
Stormwater & Erosion Control Division Manager - Ryan Eaves
Stormwater Manager - McKenzie Gentry
Erosion Control Supervisor - Vacant
Utility Division Deputy Director - Stephanie Brixey
Lab & Compliance Manager - Amy Moore
Utility Supervisor, Maintenance - Stephen Phillips
Superintendent, Triangle Wastewater Treatment Plant - Vacant
State of North Carolina Agencies
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Roadside Environmental Unit, Erosion Control Engineering Supervisor - Jeremy Goodwin
Roadside Environmental Engineer, Division 5 -Jeff Walston
North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section
Engineering Regional Supervisor- Bill Denton
Engineer - Sally Castle
Table 2.2 Stormwater Management Fund FY2019-20
Actual
FY2O17-18
Adopted
FY2O18-19
Estimated
FY2O18-19
Adopted
FY2O19-20
FY 2019-20
Change
Authorized Positions
Public Works, full time
94.5
95.5
95.5
95.5
-
Revenues
Operating Revenues
(Stormwater utility)
$ 16,215,148
$ 15,660,539
$ 16,418,456
$ 16,393,888
0.0 %
Interest & Rental Income
121,704
67,000
195,891
191,000
185.1%
Transfers from Other Funds
127,377
109,047
227,782
109,047
0.0%
Appropriations from Fund
Balance
-
4,062,284-
3,690,599
2,018,853
-50.3%
Total Revenues
$ 16,464,229
$ 19,898,870
$ 20,532,728
$ 18,712,788
-6.0%
Appropriations
Personal Services
$ 7,530,329
$ 8,441,367
$ 8,440,298
$ 8,916,721
5.6%
Operating
2,949,806
3,323,904
3,818,077
3,562,067
7.2%
Capital and Other
158,403
150,586
291,340
-
-100.0%
Transfers to other Funds*
1 3,904,816
1 7,983,013
1 7,983,013
1 6,234,000
1 -21.9%
' County line department with city and county funding.
13

Actual
FY2017-18
Adopted
FY2018-19
Estimated
FY2018-19
Adopted
FY2019-20
FY 2019-20
Change
Transfers to Fund Balance
1,920,875
-
-
-
0.0%
Total Appropriations
$ 16,464,229
$ 19,898,870
$ 20,532,728
$ 18,712,788
-6.0%
Departmental Appropriations
Public Works
$ 9,202,333
$ 9,961,351
$ 10,595,209
$ 10,551,380
5.9%
Nondepartmental
Appropriations
7,261,896
9,937,519
9,937,519
8,161,408
-17.9%
Total Appropriations
$ 16,464,229
$ 19,898,870
$ 20,532,728
$ 18,712,788
-6.0%
Source: FY2019-2020 City Budget, pages 81 and 111.
*Includes transfers to Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Non -departmental charges include a payment to the General Fund for indirect costs and payment to the Risk
Fund for insurance.
Capital Improvement Program (CIP)
Before the Capital Improvement Program is adopted, a Citizens CIP Committee annually reviews a
draft of the proposed CIP, and provides advice to City Council on priorities. The Stormwater Capital
Improvement Program is component is divided into the following categories:
Algae Turf Scrubber Project - This project includes the design and construction an algal floway to
remove nutrients from surface waters flowing to Falls Lake. The project includes site selection, site
plan design, and construction of the facility throughout a multi -year schedule. Results from a
previously -conducted pilot study are being used to inform the preliminary design of the algal floway
facility.
Drainage Repair of City Owned Properties - This is an on -going program that involves the repair or
improvement of existing stormwater systems located on City owned property. Funds may be used for,
but are not limited to, the analysis, design, and construction of drainage repair and improvement
projects involving City owned land.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2013-03 Third Fork Creek Stream Restoration -This professional
services contract includes the design, permitting, construction documents, and construction
management for a stream restoration of Third Fork Creek south of Martin Luther King Junior Parkway.
The project seeks to more permanently stabilize this reach of the stream to protect water quality and
City infrastructure including a trail and sanitary sewer trunk lines.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-02 Stormwater Infrastructure Inventory and Assessment for
Parks, Trails, and Cemeteries -This professional services contract seeks to generate an inventory and
assessment for stormwater infrastructure within all City parks, trails, and cemeteries.
■ Services Contract SD-2017-03 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Inspections -This
contract involves the video inspection and evaluation of portions of the City's storm sewer system for
condition, verification, and illicit discharge detection
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-03 Trenchless Pipe Repairs -This construction project utilizes cured -in -
place pipe (CIPP) to repair compromised storm drainage pipe without excavation. A total of eight sites
will be addressed.
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-09 Drainage Structure Access and Stabilization -This construction
project will modify existing drainage structures to provide access and stabilize existing drainage
structures that are compromised. A total of 20 sites will be addressed; 12 sites are located on City
owned property.
Floodplain Management - This is an on -going program that involves efforts to reduce or eliminate
long-term risk to people and property from flooding hazards and their effects. The program includes
14

floodplain analysis and the identification, evaluation, and implementation of floodplain management
projects.
■ Unified Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program. The City applies to the Unified Hazard Mitigation
Assistance Grant Program (HMGP) administered by the State on a routine basis and when the State
presents non -routine grant opportunities (post disaster declarations, etc.). Eligible properties may
receive grants for property acquisition and conversion to open space or elevation of structures above
the base flood elevation. The Federal Government typically contributes 75% of the cost of the effort
and the State contributes the remaining 25% of the cost. The City has entered into two grant
agreements for the elevation of one property (HMGP 4167-0009-R, 05/01/2017) and the acquisition
of five properties (HMGP 4167-0014-R, 01/10/2018).
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-01 On -Call Stormwater Professional Services -This
professional services program provides on -call design and related work for stormwater infrastructure
and stormwater quality projects.
Stormwater Fleet Vehicles -This program is for the funding of fleet vehicles for the Stormwater Utility.
Major Stormwater Infrastructure & BMP Improvements -This program funds repair, improvements, or
analysis of watersheds, major drainage systems or BMP systems that involve private or public
property and require extensive analysis, design, permit approvals or monitoring.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2017-01 On -Call Stormwater Professional Services -This
professional services program provides on -call design and related work for stormwater infrastructure
and stormwater quality projects. This program is anticipated to last for three years (May 2017 to April
2020) with an option to extend the program for an additional year.
■ Services Contract SD-2017-03 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Inspections -This
contract involves the video inspection and evaluation of portions of the City's storm sewer system for
condition, verification, and illicit discharge detection.
■ Professional Services Contract SD-2018-01 & SD-2018-02 Odyssey Drive and Alpine Road Culvert
Replacements -These are professional services contracts for the design, permitting, and developing of
construction documents for the replacements to two existing stormwater culverts along Odyssey Drive
and Alpine Road.
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-03 Trenchless Pipe Repairs -This construction project utilizes cured -in -
place pipe (CIPP) to repair compromised storm drainage pipe without excavation. A total of eight sites
will be addressed.
■ Construction Contract SD-2018-09 Drainage Structure Access and Stabilization -This construction
project will modify existing drainage structures to provide access and stabilize existing drainage
structures that are compromised. A total of 20 sites will be addressed.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-01 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
primarily address culvert scour issues at various project sites throughout the City of Durham. A total of
nine sites will be addressed within City maintained rights -of -way.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-02 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
perform repairs of stormwater drainage infrastructure systems at various project site locations
throughout the City of Durham. A total of six sites will be addressed within City maintained rights -of -
way.
■ Services Contracts SD-2019-06 & SD-2019-07 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)
Inspections -These contracts involve the video inspection and evaluation of portions of the City's storm
sewer system for condition, verification, and illicit discharge detection. These contracts are scheduled
to replace contract SD-2017-03 listed above once it is complete.
■ Construction Contract SD-2019-09 Stormwater Infrastructure Repairs -This construction project will
perform repairs of stormwater drainage infrastructure systems at various project site locations
throughout the City of Durham. A total of seven sites will be addressed; three within City maintained
rights -of -way.
15

■ Lodge Street Regional Stormwater Improvements SD-2019-10. This is a professional services contract
for the design, permitting and developing of construction documents for the rerouting and
replacement of sections of the storm drainage system near the intersection of Lodge Street and Scout
Drive.
Stormwater Retrofitting -This program funds professional service and construction contracts for
planning, design, permitting, construction drawings, and the construction of stormwater retrofit
projects to comply with NPDES permit requirements and state regulations.
■ South Ellerbe Restoration Project -This on -going project includes the design, permitting, and
construction of a stormwater wetland that will treat stormflow from a 485 acre portion of Downtown
Durham. This stormwater wetland will provide water quality treatment and hydraulic detention of small
storm events. Demolition of structures onsite is complete. Design and permitting are underway.
Small Scale Residential Stormwater Control Retrofits -The Rain Catchers 2 (SP-1702) Construction
contract installed eight rain gardens and 14 cisterns. Inspection of all devices installed with additional
outreach to homeowners was completed. The first Interlocal Cooperation Agreement with Durham Soil
and Water Conservation District was to install stormwater control measures at predetermined sites.
Thirteen devices were installed at 7 properties under this first Interlocal Agreement with Durham Soil
and Water Conservation District. The second Interlocal Cooperation Agreement between Durham Soil
and Water Conservation District and City of Durham for installation of stormwater control measures is
underway.
Watershed Planning & Implementation -This program funds professional service contracts to develop
watershed plans for streams flowing in or through the City. This activity, required by a NPDES permit
and state regulations, will provide data necessary to perform future stormwater capital improvement
projects.
Eno River Watershed Improvement Plan has been completed and included an assessment of current
watershed conditions, formulation of watershed restoration goals, development of watershed
restoration recommendations, identification of stormwater retrofit/restoration opportunities, water
quality modeling, watershed modeling, hydraulic/hydrologic modeling, engineering, design, analysis,
cost estimates, surveying, data collection, preliminary plans, and construction plans for stormwater
projects. Field crews surveyed 49 miles of stream and 140 stormwater control measures in the Eno
River watershed. Field data was combined with existing data and computer modeling to evaluate
potential projects to restore water quality in the watershed. Public outreach included public meetings,
social media updates, video productions, project fact sheets in English and Spanish, and a Spanish
radio Public Service Announcement. Preliminary construction drawings (30% plans) were developed
for several stormwater retrofit projects.
New Hope Creek & Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan is underway and includes planning,
conducting public meetings, assessment of current watershed conditions, formulation of watershed
restoration goals, development of watershed restoration recommendations, identification of
stormwater retrofit/restoration opportunities, water quality modeling, watershed modeling,
hydraulic/hydrologic modeling, engineering, design, analysis, cost estimates, surveying, data
collection, preliminary plans, and construction plans for stormwater projects.
16

3. Public Education and Outreach on Storm Water Impacts
Table 3.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Education and Outreach
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
(a) Target
Target pollutants and their sources and audiences are
Completed
Water Quality
pollutants & (b)
identified in the SMP
Manager
target audiences
The City maintains the Stormwater Services Website:
City web site:
Pollution
http://durhamnc.gov/stormwater
Regular updates
Prevention
(c) Informational
The City financially supports, contributes material to, and
to City site. CWEP
Coordinator,
web site
promotes the Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP)
website with blog-
CWEP:
website https://nc-cleanwater.com/
style updates.
Public
Education
Also see social media sites, described below
Coordinator
Concrete,
plumbing,
Pollution
Develop or acquire business outreach materials.
landscape,
painting, & pool
Prevention
guidance
Coordinator
documents
Issue guidance documents on proper mobile washing and
15 guides
Pollution
Prevention
surface power washing techniques.
distributed
Coordinator
(d)
Pollution
Distribute public
Prevention
education
Conduct targeted business outreach mailing to at least one
3451 mailings
Coordinator
materials to
target sector.
& Industrial
identified user
Inspector
groups.
Distribute best practice flyers on proper maintenance of
Handouts
Public
yards, autos, pools, and vehicles; restaurant cleaning,
distributed at
Education
construction, directional drilling, mobile food trucks,
presentations,
Coordinator
colored dye events, and sediment in the right-of-way.
events, and site
and Pollution
Distribute bilingual flyers on cooling grease/oil disposal and
vis its.
Prevention
proper yard waste disposal.
Coordinator
Develop Waterways newsletter for general public audience
1 utility bill
Public
and distribute as utility bill insert.
newsletter
Education
Coordinator
(e) Promote &
Water Quality
maintain
Maintain a stormwater pollution hotline.
Ongoing, see 5(e)
Specialist
hotline/help line
Utility bill inserts
See (d) above
Create press releases and informational ads or articles for
4 items
local newspapers.
Media: track campaign metrics for local and regional
CWEP campaigns;
Public
advertising campaigns.
ongoing local
Education
social media
Coordinator
Create and distribute educational videos via YouTube and
32,326 video
the City's Facebook Page.
views
17

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Provide outreach at community events with a table -top
14 events
reaching 923
display.
people
Provide outreach to community groups through speaker's
10 presentations
(f) Implement
bureau presentations.
reaching 257
Public Education
people
Outreach
and
1 workshop
Program
Provide outreach through educational workshops to
reaching 35
educators and volunteers.
people
Provide outreach to classrooms and school groups.
24 presentations
to 568 students
Conduct training for business sectors, trade groups,
4 trainings
landlords.
Pollution
Prevention
Inform public employees of hazards associated with illegal
Ongoing. See
Coordinator
discharges and improper disposal of waste.
Table 8.1
The City of Durham's stormwater education and outreach program aims to increase awareness on
the causes and impacts of stormwater pollution and to encourage behaviors that will improve water
quality. The program components are managed by the Public Education Coordinator and the
Pollution Prevention Coordinator, but other staff members provide support. The Public Education
Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and implementation details.
The City is a founding member of the Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) and actively
participates in developing campaigns. It also partners with other organizations.
Efforts are summarized in Table 3.1 above, with additional details below. Noteworthy changes or
specifics include:
3 (a) (b) Target Pollutants, Sources, and Audiences
Target pollutants, sources, and audiences have been reviewed, based on the City's water quality
monitoring results along with other information, including NCDEQ Basin Plan Assessments,
publications by the US Geological Survey and by North Carolina State University.
3(c) Informational Website
Several staff members make regular updates to the Stormwater web pages. The site features links to
a contacts page, online reporting to the water quality hotline, technical reports, newsletters for the
general public, targeted outreach pieces, regulations, watershed planning documents, and updates
on watershed implementation projects.
3(d) Distribution of materials to target groups
Business outreach
■ Mailed 311 postcards to automotive shops.
■ Created new outreach brochures for the concrete, plumbing, landscaping, painting, and pool services
industries.
■ Created one video for the pool services industry and apartment management companies that oversee
pools.

■ Conducted the following presentations on stormwater pollution prevention best practices to business
audiences:
o Bull City Workplace Challenge businesses
o Ryan Homes homebuilder
o Scrap metal company
o Habitat for Humanity home builder
■ Seventy businesses are part of the STAR stormwater business recognition program. Staff members
evaluate their stormwater-related practices and provide training. In 2018, staff worked with Duke
University's Center for Advanced Hindsight to create a targeted mailing to businesses in Durham in
order to recruit them into the Stormwater STAR Business Recognition Program. Staff mailed over
3,000 letters out to local businesses, and as a result, 59 new businesses joined the program.
Table 3.2 Stormwater STAR Businesses
Stormwater STAR Business Type
Number
Automotive
4
Brewery
2
Construction
2
Dentist
3
School
3
Laboratory
2
Non-profit
5
Restaurant
14
Retail
3
Service Station
2
Other
30
Total STAR Businesses
70
General outreach
■ One WaterWays newsletter went out with city water and stormwater bills, reaching more than 93,000
residents. Topics included a stormwater infographic, new videos, yard waste disposal, and floodplain
risk and maps.
The State of Our Streams reports are annual communications to lay audiences about the health and
cleanliness of the city's waterways. Reports are based on conditions at about 30 sites across the city.
The Water Quality group takes samples monthly to assess conditions throughout the year. In
watersheds where staff are able to take a wide variety of tests, the watershed is also given a grade.
These grades, along with information about causes for the grades and the types of pollution found and
controlled in the watershed, are displayed in an infographic for each watershed monitored during the
reporting year. For the 2018-2019 reporting year, infographics showing the conditions of Durham
waterways were distributed to the public via the social media platform Twitter. Twelve tweets were
sent out, which garnered 9,374 user impressions and 146 user engagements over three months from
when they were distributed to the end of the reporting term.
19

3(e) Promote hotline
The City promotes the hotline through giveaways at events and presentations. This year's items
included rubber "Bull Ducks," ice scrapers, and bamboo pens.
■ Refer to section 5(e) for additional discussion of the hotline and the other reporting mechanisms.
3(f) Education and Outreach Program
Newspaper and News Releases
The Stormwater & GIS Services Division issued news releases about infrastructure and flooding,
Creek Week and a wetland-themed public art project. News releases were sent to all local media
outlets as well as to neighborhood listservs and individual subscribers. Summaries of the news
releases were featured as articles in the weekly City Manager's Report, available online or via email
subscription. The Public Affairs Office hosts "Bull City Today," a daily news brief for social media that
often features stormwater topics. The briefs are saved to the Stormwater playlist at the url:
bit.ly/swsvideos.
Clean Water Education Partnership Media Campaign
The Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP) aims to protect North Carolina's waterways from
stormwater pollution through public education and outreach. CWEP is a cooperative effort among local
governments to educate citizens about protecting water quality in the Tar -Pamlico, Neuse and Cape
Fear River Basins. The City of Durham's fiscal year 2019 CWEP cost share was $12,457. CWEP's total
FY19 budget was $219,495. Major outreach activities included broadcast and online ads, a cinema
campaign, regular website updates, social media posts, a new in -person educational outreach
program, and new Spanish -language newspaper ads.
■ The CWEP annual report is available online at the url: https://nccleanwatercom.
Social Media and Videos
■ The Stormwater & GIS Division maintains a Facebook page, a Twitter feed, and a YouTube playlist.
Staff track metrics quarterly and analyze the most effective post content. The most popular social
media posts were on a variety of topics including an infographic on proper winter salt application, a
rain garden workshop, the new green infrastructure video, and dog waste pickup pledge. The main City
of Durham social media feeds promote and highlight important stormwater news items in addition to
the division's feeds.
■ Videos are posted on the City of Durham's YouTube channel and featured on a "Durham Stormwater
Services Division" playlist, htto://bit. ly/swsvideos. A new Green Infrastructure video shows how natural
and constructed landscape features filter stormwater and highlights a few local projects.
Table 3.3 below compares metrics for the Stormwater Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube media
compared to the two previous years.
Table 3.3 Social Media and Videos Summary and Three-year Comparison
Facebook
2019
2018
2017
Page likes
737
700
620
Average weekly engaged users
35
54
59
Average weekly total impressions
1,101
1,579
4,242
Twitter
Followers
1440
1,340
1,162
# of tweets
251
479
254
Average daily impressions
507
962
327
20

Video Views
CWEP Animated Video (2018)
604
n/a
n/a
Proper Paint Disposal (2018)
293
178
n/a
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (2018)
1322
n/a
n/a
The River Starts in Your Backyard (2018)
1068
335
n/a
Third Fork Creek Restoration (short and long
versions, 2018)
297
214
n/a
South Ellerbe Stormwater Restoration Project
Introduction (2017)
1984
1930
1705
The Sodfather (2016, CWEP)
3137
2971
2608
Don't Litter, Man (2016)
2210
2143
1973
Don't Litter Man -Behind the Scenes (2016)
1898
1870
1769
Algal Turf Scrubber (2015)
2813
2511
2250
Regenerative SW Conveyance (2015)
361
339
294
Nutrients (2013)
287
231
206
Stormwater Control Measures (2012)
421
396
340
No Mow (2012)
453
437
369
Car Wash (2012)
409
399
384
Sewer/FOG (2012)
298
287
271
Used Motor Oil (2012)
155
151
142
Northeast Creek WIP (2011)
496
488
461
Your Stormwater Dollars at Work (2011)
13,336
13,019
11,728
Paint Disposal (2011)
484
468
449
Total views -all videos
32,326
28,367
24,949
For the coming year
■ The City will refresh its pet waste pickup campaign with new handouts and giveaways. Outreach
events are planned for dog owners to sign a pledge to pick up waste. Staff members will distribute
materials to veterinarian offices in targeted watersheds.
■ The City will amplify CWEP's messages focused on litter in the next year.
■ New giveaways will promote reusable straws and calling the stormwater pollution hotline.
■ The City will continue to train new STAR business members.
21

4. Public Involvement and Participation
Table 4.1: BMP Summary Table for Public Involvement and Participation
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
(a) Volunteer
Stream Cleanups: Big Sweep in fall, Creek Week in
1,165 volunteers
Public
community
spring
27,960 lbs. trash
Education
involvement
program
Adopt -a -drain
160 volunteers
Coordinator
Environmental Affairs Board
Ongoing
Water Quality
Manager
Assistant
Public Works
Public meetings and information sessions
2 stakeholder groups
Director of
Stormwater
(b) Establish a
mechanism for
& GIS
Public
Services
Invovlement
Public
Inform the public and provide for input via a
Frequent updates,
Education
Coordinator
Facebook page, Twitter account, and YouTube
monitoring, and response
and Pollution
channel.
to comments
Prevention
Coordinator
c Maintain a
()
Maintain a stormwater pollution reporting hotline
Ongoing
Water Quality
Specialist
hotline
Post Stormwater Plan and annual reports to
Water Quality
stormwater web page. Accept comments to be
Ongoing
Manager
considered in annual updates.
Assistant
Public Works
Comply with State and City public notice
Ongoing
Director of
requirements for rate changes and projects.
Stormwater
(d) Public Review
& GIS
and Comment
Services
Assistant
Public review of operational budget and capital
Public Works
improvement program budget: posted on website
Ongoing
Director of
for public comment, review by Citizen's CIP
Stormwater
committee, approved by City Council.
& GIS
Services
Public Involvement Highlights
■ During the eleventh annual Creek Week, 626 volunteers collected 10,985 pounds of trash at 24 sites.
Seventeen local government and community organizations cooperated to present 14 educational and
recreational events to help residents learn about our water resources and how to care for them. City
staff coordinated Creek Week and provided coordination for regional -level Creek Week planning in the
Triangle, Triad, and Charlotte.
■ The City launched adopt -a -drain, an online application, www.draindurham.or , developed by Code for
Durham for residents to sign up to clear litter and debris from storm drains in the right-of-way. The City
provided safety and cleanup supplies to new adopt -a -drain volunteers at the Creek Week volunteer
fair.
22

■ Staff have continued to engage the community in providing input to the South Ellerbe Stormwater
Restoration Project. Activities included two stakeholder groups and a survey to gather input from
portions of the Durham population that had not attended meetings.
■ Stormwater & GIS Services continues to send a representative to regular Environmental Affairs Board
meetings to get input on the permit, answer questions, make announcements, and present on
relevant topics. This year there were presentations on the Water Quality Index, TMDL Response plans
for Northeast Creek and Third Fork Creek, and State of Our Streams.
■ Implementing and maintaining green infrastructure: staff work with residents who participated in both
Rain Catchers projects on maintenance and transfers to new homeowners; support efforts by Trees
Across Durham to involve the public in planting and maintaining trees in public spaces; continue to
fund residential rain gardens and cisterns through Soil and Water Conservation District's Community
Conservation Assistance Program.
■ The Public Involvement Standard Operating Procedures describe the program's approach and
implementation details.
For the coming year
■ Continue building partnerships for stream cleanup and ongoing stream stewardship.
■ Work with Code for Durham to develop new features for adopt -a -drain.
■ Host public information sessions and attend events to gather input on New Hope Creek and Sandy
Creek Watershed Improvement Plan.
23

5. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Program
Table 5.1. BMP Summary Table for the Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Program
BMP Description
Measurable Goals
Frequency
Responsible
Position
Maintain Stormwater Management and
(a) Maintain
Pollution Control Ordinance to the extent
Ongoing
appropriate legal
authorized under State law.
Authorities
authorities to prohibit
Water Quality
illicit discharges &
Review experience with enforcement of
continue to be
Manager
connections
Stormwater Pollution Control Ordinance and
adequate within
evaluate the need for minor adjustments.
State
authorizations
Total node
inventory including
MS4 nodes:
77,074. Nodes
updated: 2,413.
New nodes: 1,166.
(b) Maintain a Storm
Maintain and update map and inventory
Water System Base
data of drainage system components
SW Billing & GIS
Map
utilizing a GIS database, including receiving
Total pipe
pip
Administrator
streams and major outfalls.
inventory, including
MS4 miles: 67,909
(985 miles). Pipes
updated: 1,933
(26.0 miles). New
pipes: 1,062 (14.1
miles).
Maintain written procedures for inspecting
Draft revision of
Water Quality
and screening major outfalls and for
procedures in
Specialist
identifying other outfalls to inspect/screen,
progress, in review,
(inspection,
(c) Inspection/
including timeframe, areas to be targeted,
annual plan
enforcement)
detection program to
and number of outfalls.
complete.
detect dry weather
Maintain procedures to investigate
IDDE procedures
flows at MS4 outfalls
in targeted areas
concerns and complaints related to illicit
documented and
Water Quality
discharges and connections.
approved. Inter
Specialist
Maintain procedures for removing the
agency reporting
and referral
(inspection,
sources or reporting the sources to the
mechanism
enforcement)
State to be properly permitted.
established.
New field staff
trained in
Water Quality
Conduct training for new municipal staff
procedures, paired
Specialist
involved with dry weather outfall screening.
with experienced
(inspection,
(d) Training of
staff; field audits
enforcement)
Municipal Employees
conducted
Involved in IDDE
Conduct training for municipal staff involved
New field staff
with investigating and enforcing prohibitions
trained in
Water Quality
against illicit discharges and connections on
procedures, paired
Specialist
detecting and documenting illicit
with experienced
(inspection,
discharges.
staff; field audits
enforcement)
conducted
Identify municipal employees likely to
(d) continued
encounter illicit discharges and provide
Pollution
training on identifying and reporting illicit
Ongoing
Prevention
discharges.
Coordinator
24

BMP Description
Measurable Goals
Frequency
Responsible
Position
Continue to promote and maintain a
Ongoing, also see
Water Quality
pollution reporting hotline (560-SWIM) and
3(e); average
Specialist
(e) Maintain public
other means for public reporting of illicit
response was 0.53
res p
(inspection,
reporting
discharges.
business days
enforcement)
mechanisms
Regularly publicize mechanisms for the
Ongoing
Public
public to report illicit discharges.
Education
Coordinator
Ongoing GIS
database
maintenance. 211
Water Quality
Continue to maintain a database
outfalls inspected;
Specialist
documenting outfall inspections.
screening resulted
s
(inspection,
in 5 investigations
enforcement)
and 0 sources
eliminated for
reporting period.
Ongoing MS Access
Continue to maintain a database and file
database
(f) Documentation
system to track dates of initial and follow-up
maintenance. 260
investigations, photos and other evidence,
initial investigations
enforcement, actions taken by the
and 903 follow-up
responsible party, etc.
investigation tasks
Water Quality
were conducted.
Specialist
(inspection,
34 NOVs issued; 54
NORs issued; 156
enforcement)
Document control of sources or reporting
pollution sources
the sources to the State to be properly
were eliminated; for
permitted.
permit referrals see
Section 9(c).
The Water Quality Unit was operating at a full staff level (six IDDE investigators) during the reporting
period. The total of 260 new investigations is only 4% behind the same period in the previous year.
This period's total of 170 sources eliminated is approximately 9% ahead of the same period in the
previous year.
5(a) Maintain Appropriate Legal Authorities
To the extent allowable under state law, existing legal authorities provided by the Stormwater
Management and Pollution Control Ordinance (Durham City Code Chapter 70, Article V, Section 70-
492 through 70-542) are adequate to allow the City to identify and remove non-stormwater
discharges that convey significant pollutants.
Legal authorities are supported by the following written procedures:
■ Outfall Screening and Monitoring Standard Operating Procedures. Stormwater & GIS Services, Water
Quality Section.
■ Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Investigations Standard Operating Procedures.
Stormwater & GIS Services, Water Quality Section.
■ Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Manual. Stormwater & GIS Services, Water Quality Section.
■ Industrial Inspections Database User Guide. Stormwater & GIS Services, Water Quality Section.
■ Guidelines for Enforcement of the Stormwater Pollution Control Ordinance (Article V of Durham City
Code of Ordinances), Stormwater & GIS Services, Water Quality Section.
■ Memorandum: Assessment of Civil Penalty Criteria. Stormwater & GIS Services, Water Quality Section
25

5(b) Maintain a Storm Water System Base Map
The City of Durham has extensive GIS mapping resources to guide efforts to locate and eliminate
illicit discharges. The stormwater category includes inlets, outlets, pipes, culverts, etc. on public and
private property. Streams, ponds, and lakes are available. Drainage watersheds (sewersheds) have
been delineated by major stream. The City has a well -developed process for updating and performing
quality control checks on these map features.
The City requires that new development projects conduct video inspection of stormwater piping
systems, and to correct issues and re -submit video prior to project acceptance. The City also requires
the submittal of digital as -built drawings to facilitate updating and maintaining system base map and
inventories.
At the beginning of the City's IDDE Program, the outfall screening program focused on a limited
number of major outfalls identified in accordance with criteria in 40 CFR 122.26 based on generally
available, but crude, resources such as USGS 24,000 scale topographic maps. During the 2013-
2014 reporting period, City Stormwater & GIS Services staff began a project to overhaul
identification of outfalls for screening to improve the effectiveness of illicit discharge detection and
elimination. Using current stormwater system mapping and current detailed topo, the project has
identified thousands of major outfalls proposed for inspection and screening, a substantial increase
from the 890 initially developed in the 1990s. Screening teams now use a combination of in -office
ESRI ArcGIS desktop applications, a custom MS Access database, and custom Python scripts to
identify, cluster, and plan outfall screening operations. Tablet PCs with wireless network connections
allow field teams access to spatial data while in the field.
5(c) Inspection/ Detection Program to Detect Dry Weather Flows at MS4 Outfalls
in Targeted Areas
During the reporting period, the City continued to inspect MS4 outfalls for dry weather flows to
identify possible illicit discharges. To enhance the success rate for this program, the City has
continued the process of reviewing and updating of various techniques, operating guidelines, and
procedures related to control of illicit connections and illicit discharges. Results of outfall screening
for the reporting period are discussed in 5(f). A plan for outfall screening during the upcoming
season has been approved.
5(d) Training of Municipal Employees Involved in implementing the IDDE
Program
Note: the City has a separate program discussed in 8(i) and Table 8.1(i) in Section 8 that is intended
for training other city employees to identify and report potential illicit discharges to be investigated.
The Water Quality Unit provides routine training of various types to our staff members:
1. likely to encounter illicit discharges during other work;
2. involved with conducting dry weather outfall screening; and
3. involved with investigating concerns and complaints about pollution of receiving waters,
and conducting enforcement to remove pollution sources.
Staff development and training since the previous annual report have included:
• Formal classroom refresher training on investigations and enforcement was conducted for all
staff on March 13, 2019. The session was led by the Water Quality Specialist and a Senior
Water Quality Technician. The session was in the form of a mock -investigation, where the
leaders presented maps, photographs, field measurements, and role-played various parties
to simulate the field investigation. The simulation was tailored to cover the topics of: gaining
26

entry to property, gathering evidence, tracing a discharge through the drainage system,
documenting conditions, researching and identifying responsible parties, issuing notices,
calculating proposed civil penalties, and use of mobile technology to log field observations.
• A Water Quality Specialist audited three investigations in November 2018, April 2019, and
May 2019.
• Senior staff conducted practical field training for new outfall screening technicians on
multiple occasions.
A Water Quality Specialist audited outfall screening operations in November 2018.
5(e) Reporting Mechanisms
The City continues to maintain multiple methods for reporting pollution concerns for investigation by
city staff. The City continues to promote the Stormwater Pollution Reporting Hotline (919) 560-SWIM,
as discussed above in 3(e). The City also promotes an e-mail address,
[e-mail] for reporting pollution concerns. This is a group e-mail address,
promoted through e-mail taglines and other means. An online reporting form is operational on the
City's website. Completed online reporting forms are automatically submitted to Water Quality staff
through the group e-mail address. Complaints are also reported through the City's One Call System,
publicly accessible via hotline: [phone]. The Water Quality Unit also received pollution
concerns through the City's social media accounts (Twitter and Facebook), which are updated and
checked by the Pollution Prevention Coordinator and the Public Education Coordinator.
Illicit discharge investigations are initiated or triggered by a variety of events, including phone calls,
walk-ins, and residents expressing concerns to staff at public events and meetings. Investigations
are also triggered by staff observations during outfall inspection and screening, weekend patrols,
and routine water quality monitoring. Table 5.2 below summarizes the types of reporting methods
from which investigations were triggered during the reporting year. The category "Water Quality Staff
Initiated" includes investigations triggered by laboratory results, which may be reported several days
or up to several weeks after sample collection, and evidence of sources that are rare or intermittent
and may no longer be present.
Table 5.2. Sources of information triggering Water Quality Investigations
Table 5.2
Investigation Trigger Type
Investigations
All Investigations
Success Rate
Identifying
Sources
Online reporting form
6
6
100%
Water & Sewer Maintenance
29
32
91%
Durham County Health Department
5
6
83%
Water -quality staff initiated
52
65
80°la
other city employee
50
65
77ia
Durham County Emergency Management
8
11
73%
Citizen call (not the hotline)
7
10
70°la
Hotline call
26
47
55%
Other
6
12
50%
Citizen Email
3
6
50°ly
27

IDDE program assessment includes determining the success rate for the various reporting
mechanisms. This assessment normally provides an indirect measure of efforts to enlist the help of
city residents in reporting pollution, efforts specifically to promote the Stormwater Pollution
Reporting Hotline (919-560-SWIM), and efforts to educate City staff on the hazards of illicit
discharges and how to report them. The most frequent means of initiating an investigation were
reports from 1) Water Quality Staff (25%); 2) non -Water Quality City staff (25%); and the Pollution
Prevention Hotline (18%). Water Quality staff -initiated investigations decreased by 5% while Hotline -
initiated investigations increased by 4% as compared to the same date range during the previous
reporting period.
Not all investigations uncover evidence of water quality problems (sources of surface water
pollution). The reasons for this may range from "false alarm" type reports to instances where even
rapid deployment fails to catch an actual fleeting illicit discharge. For the reporting period, 63 of the
260 (24%) investigations conducted revealed no water quality problem. This is 1% less than the
same date range in the previous reporting period. Table 5.3 provides a summary of complaint
sources where no problem was found.
Table 5.3. Sources of investigation where no water quality problem was found.
Source of Investigation
Total
Percent of Grand total
Hotline call
24
38%
Other city employee
15
24%
Water -quality staff initiated
6
10%
Other
4
6%
Citizen Email
3
5%
Citizen call (not the hotline)
3
5%
Durham County Emergency Management
3
5%
Water & Sewer Maintenance
2
3%
Durham County Health Department
1
2%
Citizen Walk-in
1
2%
Neighborhood Improvement Services
1
2%
Grand Total
63
100%
5(f) Documentation
Database Updates
A Microsoft Access database developed, maintained, and periodically upgraded by staff has been
used to document illicit discharge detection and elimination investigations and enforcement since
1996.
Features of the Water Quality Investigations Database include:
• Tracking of all relevant persons, events, dates, times, evidence, and other details for every
investigation.
• Auto -generated official Notices of Requirement/Violation/Penalty, populated with user -
entered investigation data. All Notices and supporting documentation can be directly printed
or exported to PDF.

• Tracking of investigation -specific field and laboratory water chemistry data.
• A mobile version of the Investigations Database for use with tablet PCs in the field.
• Tracking of site visits and observations during Weekend Enforcement Patrols.
• Tracking of educational materials distribution.
• Built-in map to assist investigators with investigation history at a given location.
• Auto -generated reports of the investigation queue, performance data, (such as response
times) enforcement statistics, and outstanding penalties issued.
Summary of Investigations
During the reporting period, the City conducted 260 initial investigations and 903 follow-up
investigations. Thirty-four Notices of Violation, 54 Notices of Requirement, and 27 Notices of Penalty
were issued. Initial investigations decreased by 4% compared to the same date range in the previous
reporting period.
Outfall Inspection and Screening
Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's: type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
During the reporting period, 33 outfalls were screened at 15 industrial facilities. During screenings,
18 outfalls were found to be dry, five had standing water, nine had a trickle flow, and one had
moderate flow. A significant, ongoing, illicit discharge was identified at one outfall-facility ID 42251,
which drains from a major automotive sales and service center.
On 10/18/2018, field screening staff measured a pH of 10.6, specific conductance of 1,110 pS/cm,
detergents (MBAS) concentration greater than 3 mg/L, and detected a chemical odor from outfall
structure 42251's discharge. A manager at the auto service center was contacted about the
discharge. The facility's staff quickly contained the discharge using booms while the source was
sought. A visual inspection of the facility was unsuccessful, so a professional plumber was
contracted to diagnose the issue. The next day, the plumber identified an unmapped floor drain in
the vehicle detailing (washing) area as the source of the discharge. This drain was historically
plumbed to the stormwater drainage system, but was later plugged and re-routed to the sanitary
sewer system. The plumber identified that the plug was deteriorated and allowing wastewater to flow
into the stormwater drainage system. Water Quality issued a Notice of Requirement to the facility,
mandating a permanent sealing off of the abandoned storm drain connection and proper disposal of
the wastewater contained at the outfall. The corrective actions were performed in a satisfactory and
timely manner. Follow-up inspection, dye tests, and evaluation of the outfall confirm the matter was
resolved.
Winter 2017-2018 Outfall Screening
The 2018-2019 fall -winter screening season continued the previous summer's work in the Northeast
Creek watershed. Northeast Creek was targeted because our ambient monitoring data show that
29

three City monitoring sites in this watershed had greater than 20% of samples with values over 400
cfu/100mL. The NC water quality standard for fecal coliform bacteria is: for five consecutive samples
taken in a 30-day period, the geometric mean shall not exceed 200 cfu/100mL and no more than
20% of the samples shall exceed 400 cfu/100mL. One station, NE1.2NE, showed a significant trend
of increasing fecal coliform bacteria concentrations. There was no significant trend observed for the
other two stations.
Outfalls were identified using ESRI ArcGIS 10.3.1 in conjunction with up-to-date datasets maintained
by the City of Durham Dept. of Public Works Stormwater & GIS Services. A total of 277 outfalls were
identified in the Northeast Creek watershed. Because many of those outfalls were inaccessible (due
to private property entry) or otherwise ineligible for screening (structures identified as culverts, for
example), an additional 44 outfalls were identified in the Eno River (Warren Creek) watershed as an
addendum to allow for meeting the season's work plan goals.
The fall -winter outfall screening season was split into two sessions: 1) October 1, 2018, to December
7, 2018; and 2) January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2019. Technicians completed 211 screenings.
Of the 211 outfalls screened, approximately 75% of all outfalls screened had water present, with
46% having trickle flow, 8% having pools, 17% having moderate flow, and approximately 4% having
heavy flow.
Technicians observed and measured investigation trigger level exceedances for field measurements
of pH (4 outfalls), conductivity (7 outfalls), ammonia (2 outfalls), and detergents (1 outfall).
Investigations were not triggered on all instances of exceedance, depending on the totality of field
observations and conditions. Field measurements and observations gave rise to five illicit discharge
investigations. In each of the five cases, staff members were unable to confirm the presence of
contaminants on follow-up evaluation. Each case was closed, as no sources of illicit discharges were
identified.
Table 5.4. Outfall screening program results summary, by season, from 2014 through 2018.
2014-
2015-2016
2016-2017
2017-2018
2018-2019
2015
Winter
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Ellerbe,
Ellerbe,
New
Primary
Listed
Third
Ellerbe
Hope,
Third Fork
Third Fork
Northeast
Northeast
Watershed(s)
below'
Sandy,
Fork
Third
Fork
Outfa I I
screening
Months
Months
Months
Months
2 months
4 months
2 months
5 months
period
Total outfalls
196
245
30
284
23
227
33
211
visited
Number of
structures
166
40
0
10
2
15
8
44
disqualified
upon visit
Number of
119
179
25
151
13
87
19
158
outfalls with
flow or
(61%)
(73%)
(83%)
(53%)
(57%)
(38%)
(18%)
(75%)
standing
30

2014-
2015-2016
2016-2017
2017-2018
2018-2019
2015
Winter
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
water
Investigations
resulting from
outfa I I
8
0
0
6
0
9
2
5
screening
Sources
eliminated
from outfall
1
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
screening
investigations
Percent of
flowing
outfalls
7%
0%
0%
4%
0%
11%
11%
0%
resulting in
investigations
1 Brier Creek, Little Creek, Little River, Morgan Creek, Panther Creek, Stirrup Iron Creek, Northeast
Creek
31

NURHea51 Ul[eeK VU112ill JCFeeHlHU NOD LU Iis-LU la
N
Little Lick Creek
TF4.4TC
O 1RC p
• ' TF5.3RC !� ��jj
0
TF3.4TC p 8
Fo
Third Fork Creek o p o o° °
0 p0 8 00
• TF2.5TCTC (S) O 00 Z_
0 0
O® O
CPO
® °� ° 0 1 p p O
O Go pO ® p
80 p
O p 00 00
O
00 p 0
0p 0 0 if
0 °O o
O
08 O O CD
0 (9 NE2.2NP
000 A°
o °p ao Nofthbeast Creek
o
O p NE1.2NE
OO 0
O
O O
0 SI1.6SIC
o O 00 0 0
O =
O QO
0 OO Q % O
O
0° ° O NE6.0NE
O B p , O
O O' 8 0
o 0 00 00 00
' f o
cC2® ° f _ ° e
o p o
K-
DurhamAmbient 00
-O NE Creek Proposed Outfalls 2018-2019 LAKE, RESERVOIR
RIVER 0 0.5 1 2 Miles
Q Northeast Creek Watershed I I I I I I
Storm Sewersheds SWAMP
Streams
City Limits
Roads
RTP
— j County Boundary
Figure 5.1. Map of outfalls selected within the Northeast Creek watershed for dry weather screening
during the fall -winter 2018-2019 screening season.
32

Warren Creek Outfall Screening Map Fall -Winter 2918-2019
Eno- River Wale WKd LAKE: R
0 D rha mkmbieM RIVER
=Stirm SevrerBM& SMUP
- Streams
ENMER
0
�` 4 11
EN10.3W C
1
•
is
Elle�be Cre6k
1
0 0.15 0.3 0.6 Miles
Figure 5.2. Map of outfalls selected within the Eno River (Warren Creek) watershed for dry weather
screening during the 2018-2019 fall -winter seasons.
33

Weekend Patrols
Weekend patrols are generally conducted once per month from March through November. Weekend
patrols were initiated in 2011 to monitor mobile commercial vehicle washingtaking place in
shopping center parking lots and similar public locations, usually without proper controls. Since
2011, weekend patrols have observed a decline in violations related to commercial vehicle washing.
With fewer washing -related violations, the emphasis gradually shifted toward visiting grease bins and
trash compactors serving shopping center restaurants and grocery stores, together with inspections
of automobile maintenance businesses. In response to a boom in single-family residential
development, the Weekend Patrol program focus shifted in late 2018 to address these small
construction sites. During the reporting period, weekend patrols were conducted once in October
2018 and once in November 2018, which closed out the typical patrol year cycle.
During the reporting period, Weekend Patrol activities resulted in:
• 134 single-family residential construction site (<12,000 ft2) visits
• 8 Water Quality IDDE investigations identifying sources of pollution (typically sediment discharges),
which were ultimately resolved appropriately.
0 2 Notices of Requirement issued
0 2 Notices of Violation issued
0 2 Civil Penalties Assessed
As of December 2018, the weekend enforcement patrol program has been temporarily suspended,
pending review of its overall effectiveness and an examination of the program's potential.
Investigations
An investigations general effectiveness summary is in Table 5.5 below. As discussed above, water
pollution reports received via City employees and the Hotline are our most frequent sources of
investigation leads.
Table 5.5. Investigation activity by reporting period.
10/1/14
10/1/15
10/1/16
10/1/17
10/1/18
9/30/15
9/30/16
9/30/17
9/30/18
6/30/19
Initial Investigations
230
321
381
350
260
Investigations Identifying Pollutant
196
249
264
253
192
Sources'
Investigations Controlling Pollutant
155
212
216
202
170
Sources
Control Success Rate
79%
85%
82%
80%
88%
'Separately, we report the total number of sources identified. Each investigation can identify
multiple sources. The above table counts the number of investigations where sources were
identified.
34

Enforcement
The Water Quality Unit issued 54 Notices of Requirement (NOR), 34 Notices of Violation (NOV), and
27 Notices of Penalty (NOP) during the reporting period, for a total of 98 official Notices issued. The
Water Quality Unit also held 3 due process enforcement meetings to discuss the details of corrective
actions and civil penalties with responsible parties.
For the 27 Notices of Penalty issued, a total of $25,313.40 in civil penalties was assessed. A total of
$656.25 was paid by parties responsible for violations of City code. Copies of all NOPs are sent to
the City's Finance Dept. General Billing unit, where invoices are created for penalty amounts owed.
Monthly statements are submitted by Billing to our investigators for review. All penalty payments are
processed by General Billing. When necessary, Billing handles nonpayment of penalties through a
private collections agency, which is not tracked by the Stormwater & GIS Services Division.
Evaluation and Assessment
There were 260 initial investigations conducted during the reporting period. The Water Quality Unit
staff identified 199 distinct pollution sources over 192 investigations identified (one investigation
may identify multiple sources). One -hundred and seventy investigations resulted in sources being
controlled. This is an overall success rate of 88%. Not all investigation efforts have actionable
results. Several variable conditions influence our overall effectiveness. An investigation may not find
a water quality problem affecting the drainage system or surface waters. Other times, a water quality
problem may be found, but the source is unidentifiable. Yet other times, a source may be found, but
was a one-time occurrence (and uncontrollable after the fact) or has been eliminated before an
investigation was undertaken. On occasion, initial investigation reveals that a matter must be
referred to another City, County, or State agency due to jurisdictional reasons.
The subwatershed with the greatest number of individual pollution sources was Ellerbe Creek (77),
which accounted for 39% of all pollution sources identified by investigations in the City. The next
closest watersheds, in terms of percent of total sources, were Third Fork Creek (52, or 26%) and
Northeast Creek (22, or 11%).
By land area, 52% of the City drains to the Neuse River Basin and 48% drains to the Cape Fear River
Basin. As indicated in Table 5.6, 106 sources (53%) were found in the Neuse River Basin and 93
(47%) were found in the Cape Fear River Basin during the reporting period. These findings are
summarized by permit year and by river basin in Table 5.6.
A graphical representation of these figures is below in Figure 5.3.
35

Pollutant Sources Identified by Permit Year
■ 2018-2019*
■ 2017-2019
■ 2016-2017
■ 2015-2016
■ 2014-2015
Figure 5.3. Five-year record of pollutant sources identified during Water Quality Investigations.
* denotes dataset as a partial reporting year (10/1/18 through 6/30/19).
IDDE Investigation Highlights
19WO089 - Illicit Discharge from Recreational Vehicle Waste Lines
The Durham County Health Department contacted the Water Quality group about an improperly
routed wastewater line from a recreational vehicle (RV). The RV was one of many parked at a
shopping center, being used as temporary housing for employees of a weeklong traveling carnival.
Our initial investigation confirmed the presence of a garden hose connected to the RV's wastewater
port, which was observed discharging grey water. The investigator observed that multiple RVs were
similarly plumbed to discharge wastewater to the ground. The investigator located the onsite carnival
safety manager and made note of each illicitly plumbed and discharging wastewater hose. Each
improper hose was immediately disconnected by its RV owner.
The safety manager agreed to discuss the issue with all carnival employees at the next nightly safety
meeting. The carnival is an annual event, so the safety manager agreed to ensure all RVs arrange for
proper containment and disposal of all wastewater generated. The investigator also notified the
shopping center management of the violation and the need to prevent illicit discharges if the carnival
operates at this location in the future.
Finally, representatives from the Durham County Health Department routinely inspect carnival
operations and will be on the watch for similar illicit wastewater disposal issues, reporting such
matters to us as they arise.
36

Figure 5.4. Hoses were found plumbed to the wastewater ports on several RVs in the temporary housing area for carnival
employees.
18WO327 - Failing Seatic Svstem
Water Quality staff received a complaint about a sewage smell in a residential neighborhood. A field
test indicated high levels of ammonia in a nearby stormwater channel. The high -ammonia discharge
was traced upstream to effluent from a failing residential septic system.
As is the case with many failing septic systems in Durham, this one was associated with an older
home. Challenges were presented in the forms of language barriers, cultural differences, and
technical knowledge gaps with the owner. Our investigator was able to effectively communicate with
the owner with the help of an on -staff interpreter. The owner did not undertake good faith efforts to
address the illicit discharge until our enforcement actions culminated in the issuance of a Notice of
Violation and Notice of Penalty.
The typical solution in these types of cases is the abandonment of the failing septic system and
connection to the municipal sanitary sewer. However, a connection to sanitary sewer infrastructure
was impossible in this instance due to the unavailability of such infrastructure within a feasible
distance. Therefore, the owner sought a septic repair permit from the Durham County Health
Department. The area around the home was judged as unsuitable for a repair system. However, a
repair area for a new septic system was located on an adjacent lot also owned by the homeowner.
As required by the Health Department, the owner hired an attorney to draw up an easement tying the
septic repair area to the subject house in perpetuity. At the time of this report, the easement
agreement has been prepared but requires and awaits the signature of the parcel co-owner, who
eludes location and is currently unreachable by the investigator, owner, and the owner's attorney.
We are presently formulating a new strategy for moving forward with this unique challenge.
37

Figure 5.5. Drainage pipe discharging septic tank effluent directly to the stormwater drainage system.
19WO125 - Wastewater from Floor- Wastewater from Floor -Stripping Operation Discharged to Creek Discharged to Creek
The Water Quality group received a resident's report of milky water discharging into an intermittent
tributary of Ellerbe Creek, coming from the direction of the NC School of Science and Math. The
caller had already alerted the school's Director of Plant Facilities. The investigator arrived on site
shortly after the report and met the caller. The investigator sampled water from the stream and
tested it for various constituents with a field test kit, but none of the routine tests detected the
presence of ammonia, chlorine, copper, phenols, or detergents.
The investigator then met with the Director of Plant Facilities for the school, who had discovered the
source of the discolored liquid: several days ago, an employee had stripped some waxed floors and
poured the waste in a storm inlet. The investigator determined that the sole rain event that week,
which occurred the night before the caller noted the discharge, explained the chemical's delayed
discharge to the tributary.
In response to the incident, the responsible party installed a boom in a stormwater inlet by the
school's dumpsters to capture some of the liquid, arranged for emergency hazmat cleanup with a
contractor, and emailed safety data sheets (SDSs) for the chemicals to the investigator. Considering
the hazardous qualities of the materials, the investigator called Durham County Emergency
Management for assistance in determining the extent of the contamination. A Hazmat Specialist
from Emergency Management assisted in locating a suitable place downstream for placement of a
pump while the system was flushed. The investigator relayed this information to the school's cleanup
contractor when they arrived. The contractor immediately began work on the pump -and -flush
operation.
IN

After returning to the office and reviewing the SDSs in more detail, the investigator left a voicemaiI
for the responsible party, advising him to notify the NC DEQ of the event within 24 hours. The
investigator then called the NC DEQ, described the situation to the Regional Water Quality
Environmental Engineer, and provided him with a map of the storm and sanitary sewer systems in
the area (with locations of discharge and recommended remediation circled), pictures, and SDSs.
After receiving word that the pump -and -flush operation was complete, the investigator confirmed
with a site visit and inspection that cleanup was complete and the matter resolved. A Notice of
Violation was issued to the school for the illicit discharge.
Figure 5.6. The affected stream upon initial
investigation.
IDDE Highlights for the Coming Year
Figure 5.7. The affected stream after the cleanup was
completed.
• Due to two staff vacancies responsible for IDDE investigations in July and August 2019, which we
expect to have filled by mid -Fall 2019, our senior staff will be focusing on providing quality training for
new hires. In the meantime, we have suspended the investigations of our lowest -risk yard waste -
related reports due to lack of resources. Though not investigated, these reports are logged for future
follow-up.
• The next round of dry weather outfall screening will continue during fall -winter 2019-2020. Due to
staff vacancies, we will dispatch one field crew, rather than our typical two crews. We have adjusted
our work plan goals accordingly. In keeping with our usual practice, a temporary staff member has
been hired to assist with screening. A plan will be developed for a July -August 2020 screening season.
• With our TMDL response plans developed and approved, our IDDE investigations and outfall screening
programs will be implementing new measures designed to improve effectiveness in target watersheds.
39

Table 5.6. Total sources of surface water pollution identified, by type and sub -basin, from 10/1/18 through 6/30/19. "Previous Period
Total" refers to the period 10/1/17 through 6/30/18.
IDDE Program Sources of Pollution Identified During 10f1f2018to G/30/2019 Period
Win, �r s� , r
kmn
91�� nlef d1� trC®r<
L J
—ng
AMR
7
Cape Fear (93 sources}
rooked Creek 771®®®®®®®772 F__� ®®®®®®
Little Creek{OrangeCo.} 770®770770®770770®77, F__� 770770®770®F71
Morgan Creek {OrangeC ®®®®®®®®® F__� ®®®®®®
Wew Hope Creek ®®®F 3]®®F 1]®F 1] F F 2]®F 1]®F 1] 14
Northeast Creek ��®�®®®®� F ®�®®®F
hlyd Fark Creek �®® 1U ®E=i=®E=i = E=i =A ®®
Reuse (M)6 saw
Brier Creek �®®®®®®®®F ®®®®®FI
EllerbeCreek 26 ®®00000® F 0®00®0
EnoRiver 771®®771®®�F 1]® F__� ®772®®F73FI
LkkQeek ®®®F 1]®®®F 2]® � ®®®�F 2] F 5]
Little Lick Creek ®®®0®0®0® F__� ®0®®®®
Little River ®®®®®®®®® F__� ®®®®®®
PantherCreek ®®®®®�®®®F ®®® IF F
tirruplronQeek ®®®0®®®0®�®®®®00
[ raMToWi ��������F-10 F__O F-00��F_3�®
P�asPedod7aral ������F__�®F_M� ����F-4®®
W

6. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Program
As indicated in the City's permit and SMP, construction site runoff within the City of Durham is
regulated by the following entities:
• Durham County Stormwater and Erosion Control Program: construction projects by entities that do not
have the power of eminent domain (private projects, covers most construction).
• North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section: projects by
entities with eminent domain authority, projects that are publicly funded, exempt agricultural uses,
and state -permitted mining uses.
• North Carolina Department of Transportation: state road projects and work within North Carolina road
rights -of -way.
Durham County requires permits for all projects that disturb more than 12,000 square feet and an
approved erosion control plan for projects that disturb more than 20,000 square feet. The other
entities require an erosion control plan for all sites that disturb more than one acre under the North
Carolina Erosion Control Law.
North Carolina Session Law 2015-241 Section 14.26 modified civil penalties under the
Sedimentation Pollution Control Act. The Durham City -County Unified Development Ordinance was
revised in February 2018 by both the City Council and the Board of County Commissioners to
incorporate legislative changes as well as update performance requirements to include self -
inspections, watercourse modification requirements, and eliminating cash bonds. In addition,
Durham County adopted a new plan submittal checklist better -detailing plan requirements that
mimic those of the State.
In November 2018, NCDEMLR issued an updated Model Ordinance for sedimentation and erosion
control. Durham County began the process of updating its ordinance to match the model ordinance,
while also including additional programmatic updates designed to address local issues, strengthen
legal language with regards to permitting and enforcement, and provide enhanced environmental
protection. The most significant changes include limiting disturbed area at any one time on
construction sites to 20 acres, requiring additional information for agricultural exemptions, new
stockpile height and slope requirements, and sizing requirements for sediment basins that are to be
used for permanent stormwater control measures. These updates were approved by the
Sedimentation Control Commission in May 2019 and will be presented to the City Council and Board
of County Commissioners in Fall 2019.
Non-exempt private projects under the jurisdiction of the Durham County Stormwater and Erosion
Control Program are subject to more stringent disturbance limits and other requirements.
Construction site runoff from these development activities is controlled under provisions of a Unified
Development Ordinance (UDO) adopted by both the City of Durham and the County of Durham. As
provided in Section 3.8.1 of the UDO, the ordinance applies to certain land -disturbing activities
anywhere with Durham County, including the City of Durham, and is enforced by the Durham County
Sedimentation and Erosion (S & E) Control Officer, which is delegated and authorized by the North
Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section. Staff includes the
Division Manager, an Erosion Control Supervisor and two inspectors who conduct site visits of active
construction projects monthly and after major rain events.
41

In an attempt to improve response to citizen complaints and better educate citizens on erosion
control violations, Durham County partners with the Haw Riverkeeper in implementing the Muddy
Water Watch program. Muddy Water Watch is a citizen engagement tool where anyone can use a
smartphone app to submit erosion control concerns. The app provides location, date, and time data
and the user can input photos and comments. The concerns are then emailed directly to the Division
Manager and the Riverkeeper for review.
Durham County is also incorporating GIS into their inspections process through the use of iPads and
ESRI's Surface 123 app. Development of the Survey began in Spring 2019 and beta testing began in
June. The Survey will allow for inspection reports to be generated on iPads while also collecting GIS
data on construction sites. Additionally, a dashboard has been created for use in the office. The
dashboard will include further reporting capabilities as well as inspection planning and mapping.
As a locally delegated program, Durham County participates annually in the North Carolina Division
of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources Local Program Workshop. At the 2018 Workshop, Durham
County was recognized with the Local Program Award for Outstanding Performance in Erosion and
Sediment Control. The award is based on program performance over the previous year and Durham
County was singled out for its improvements to enforcement policies and plans review checklists.
Again in 2019, local programs from across the state gathered to get updates from NCDEMLR staff
and discuss new initiatives for erosion and sediment control. At the 2019 Local Program Workshop,
NCDEMLR detailed the new North Carolina NPDES Stormwater Construction General Permit and its
requirements for developments exceeding one acre in size. Of particular note, is the new
requirement for these developments to obtain a Certificate of Coverage from NCDEMLR. Durham
County has incorporated this step into its permitting process.
For projects with public funding and projects carried out by entities with the power of eminent
domain, the North Carolina Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources, Land Quality Section
reviews and approves erosion and sediment control plans, and conducts inspections. Durham
County regularly contacts NCDEMLR staff regarding state -permitted sites if concerns are noted. On
occasion, County staff have conducted courtesy inspections of state projects and forwarded
information to state officials.
As previously reported, development activity remained high during the most recent reporting period.
As reported in Section 5, the City's IDDE program conducted 43 investigations that involved erosion
and sediment issues during the reporting period. The City has continued to experience an increase in
reports of erosion and sediment issues attributed to the increase in housing and commercial
developments in the City, as well as the installation of underground fiber optic cable by internet
service provider companies.
Sixteen of the 43 investigations where sediment control efforts were not adequate were at county- or
state -inspected projects. The remaining 27 were at small private construction sites and fiber optic
directional drilling sites. We observed that most issues resulted from the difficulty of maintaining
BMPs during heavy rain events. During the October 2018 through June 2019 period, the EcoNET
weather station located at the North Durham Water Reclamation Facility recorded 31.79 inches of
rainfall. During the previous annual reporting period, we estimated 51.59 inches of rainfall. Where
sediment had entered a city street, drainage system, or creek, the Water Quality unit conducted
enforcement when necessary to bring the site into compliance with the City's Stormwater
Management and Pollution Control Ordinance.
'VA

Table 6-1. Erosion and Sedimentation (E&S) Submittal Summary
ID
Zone
Project
Date Submitted
Plan Required
Disturbed Area
4897
1
Chapel Hill Blvd Storage
10/30/2018
Yes
82,764
Center
5151
1
Springhill Suites
10/2/2018
Yes
88,081
5156
1
1605 Erwin Road
10/10/2018
Yes
87,120
Multifamily
5176
1
Duke University Sculpture
12/19/2018
Yes
52,833
Garden
5183
1
Student Living
1/10/2019
Yes
222,790
Apartments
5185
1
Duke University Chiller
1/11/2019
Yes
311,669
Plant No.3
5190
1
Longview Townhomes
1/25/2019
Yes
206,910
5193
1
Trosa James Street - East
1/30/2019
Yes
130,680
Campus
5195
1
Duke Health Proton
1/30/2019
Yes
217,308
Therapy Center
5204
1
Duke Health Anlyan
2/7/2019
Yes
65,340
Generator Hub Bldg
5230
1
Willard Street Apartments
4/8/2019
Yes
84,071
Duke University Central
5236
1
Campus Buildings
4/26/2019
Yes
1,176,120
Demolitio
5238
1
Yancey Street Condos
4/29/2019
Yes
21,614
6001
1
Venable Center
5/3/2019
Yes
204,732
Duke University Chapel
6003
1
Drive Culvert
5/6/2019
Yes
52,192
Replacement
Durham Academy Upper
6006
1
School - Outdoor
5/8/2019
Yes
29,660
Commons
6014
1
James Street Subdivision
6/5/2019
Yes
60,984
6015
1
MAR Durham Mosque
6/6/2019
Yes
98,300
Durham Academy Middle
6020
1
School Improvements
6/17/2019
Yes
128,345
Phase 1
5150
2
355 Morehead Self
10/2/2018
Yes
39,750
Storage
5168
2
3102 Trailwood Drive
12/3/2018
Yes
25,000
5171
2
Extra Space Storage
12/5/2018
Yes
107,593
5205
2
Drees @ -Valley Springs
2/7/2019
Yes
174,240
5218
2
Valley Springs Lots 17,
3/8/2019
Yes
229,125
18, 20, 21, 23-25, 38, 45
5224
2
Crystal Lake Lots
4/1/2019
Yes
426,323
5234
2
Langley Dr. Rocky Ridge
4/17/2019
Yes
102,801
V
5192
3
Huntington Valley
1/29/2019
Yes
1,399,489
43

Table 6-1. Erosion and Sedimentation (E&S) Submittal Summary
ID
Zone
Project
Date Submitted
Plan Required
Disturbed Area
5210
3
November Drive Lots
2/8/2019
Yes
67,518
5231
4
Lynn Martinek Residence
4/11/2019
Yes
16,000
5169
6
3718 N. Roxboro Street
12/4/2018
Yes
25,000
5177
6
Magnolia Creek Phase 1A
12/20/2018
Yes
72,745
Lot 100-108
5219
6
Magnolia Creek 1A - Lots
3/20/2019
Yes
235,659
68-89
6013
6
& ZB olia Creek Phase 2A
6/4/2019
Yes
65,775
5197
8
Rocky Creek Residential
1/31/2019
Yes
196,020
Fill
5223
8
Fendol Farms Lots
3/27/2019
Yes
906,484
5228
8
Del Webb All Remaining
4/5/2019
Yes
190,412
Lots
5229
8
Fendol Farms
4/8/2019
Yes
5,654,088
5239
8
Hope Crossing II -Phase 1
5/1/2019
Yes
435,600
6021
8
Ashton Crossing
6/20/2019
Yes
191,512
5152
9
Bethpage Phase 3 Offsite
10/3/2018
Yes
226,948
Roadway Improvements
5175
9
Ellis Road Phase 3
12/18/2018
Yes
2,947,650
5194
9
Center Mixed
1/30/2019
Yes
354,578
Imperial
5202
9
Lakeshore Townhomes
2/5/2019
Yes
295,000
5211
9
Bethpage Village Mixed
2/19/2019
Yes
348,480
Use
5212
9
Innovations at Imperial
2/20/2019
Yes
444,312
Center
5225
9
IABAT Cultural Center
4/2/2019
Yes
91,912
5226
9
Building 106 Presidential
4/3/2019
Yes
142,877
6004
9
Angier Avenue
5/8/2019
Yes
727,574
Residential
6005
9
Angier Avenue Sanitary
5/8/2019
Yes
47,982
6012
9
Creekside @ Bethpage
6/3/2019
Yes
871,200
Phase 5
5182
10
Davis Park Aptments Pod
1/7/2019
Yes
146,797
A Mass Grading Plan
5203
10
Forty 540 Phase 2
2/7/2019
Yes
583,704
4800
11
2540 Meridian Parkway
12/21/2018
Yes
223,898
5179
11
Triangle 54-Phase 3
12/20/2018
Yes
871,200
5217
11
Compass Datacenters
2/28/2019
Yes
161,475
Southeastern Freight
5220
11
Lines - Driver's Rest Blvd
3/22/2019
Yes
339,768
6000
11
Atwater
5/3/2019
Yes
544,500
6019
11
Townes at Courtney
6/13/2019
Yes
1,166,835
Creek

Table 6-1. Erosion and Sedimentation (E&S) Submittal Summary
ID
Zone
Project
Date Submitted
Plan Required
Disturbed Area
5155
12
3611 Dover Road
10/9/2018
Yes
51,313
5164
12
54 Station - Phase 2
11/13/2018
Yes
24,900
5170
12
Highland Park Subdivision
12/5/2018
Yes
607,689
6009
12
Holy Infant Catholic
5/17/2019
Yes
392,040
Church
5187
13
Ample Storage Sandy
1/18/2019
Yes
479,160
Creek
5227
13
Family Fare - 4830 Hope
4/5/2019
Yes
71,200
Valley Road
6002
13
3205 University Drive
5/3/2019
Yes
38,654
6016
13
Blue Cross Blue Shield of
6/7/2019
Yes
124,145
North Carolina
6024
13
Westminister Presbyterian
6/26/2019
Yes
39,742
Church Fellowship Hall
5158
14
Escobar Residence
10/19/2018
Yes
19,000
5159
14
Crowne at 501
10/30/2018
Yes
217,800
5161
14
Primrose School
11/1/2018
Yes
79,715
5165
14
3736 & 3738 Garrett
11/19/2018
Yes
226,000
Road
5174
14
The Overlook at Stratford
12/14/2018
Yes
384,009
Lakes
5178
14
Creekside Phase 1 - Lots
12/20/2018
Yes
30,492
1-6 & 31-35
5181
14
Providence at Southpoint
1/4/2019
Yes
521,851
Townhomes
5186
14
DaVita Patterson Place
1/14/2019
Yes
24,000
5199
14
Duke Southpoint Clinic -
2/4/2019
Yes
21,780
Radiology Expansion
5215
14
Courtyards at Southpoint
2/27/2019
Yes
1,456,211
5222
14
NC 751 Improvements
3/27/2019
Yes
388,000
Phase 213
5240
14
751 South Phase 1-
4/25/2019
Yes
89,406
Homes by Dickerson
6011
14
Lot 6 M.O.B.
5/30/2019
Yes
74,052
6025
14
Oakridge
6/28/2019
Yes
825,116
5201
15
Unlimited Recovery
2/5/2019
Yes
83,000
5208
15
FMC Grading
2/18/2019
Yes
70,171
5214
15
PL$ Financial Services
2/26/2019
Yes
37,620
5237
15
Fletcher's Mill
4/29/2019
Yes
1,124,368
6010
15
805 S Briggs
5/30/2019
Yes
870,000
Total 86
45

7. Development and Re -development Program
Post -Construction Program Site Runoff Controls
Table 7.1 below summarizes the stormwater management measures that were to be implemented,
their measurable goals, and the status of those goals during the reporting period. Many of the
measurable goals have already been attained through programs that have been in place for many
years. There were only subtle revisions scheduled or planned for these programs, and
implementation will be ongoing. For those management measures and measurable goals for which
changes were planned and implemented during the past year, the progress on those goals has been
summarized under the "Status" column.
Table 7.1 Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) Summary Table for Post Construction Site Runoff
Controls
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Maintain by ordinance a program to address
Ordinance revisions were adopted
stormwater runoff from new development and
5/20/2019.
redevelopment in all areas of the City.
Maintain the Reference Guide for Development and
Revisions to the Reference Guide for
City of Durham Addendum to the NC DEQ
Development were finalized.
Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual.
Continue to implement the City's stormwater
Ongoing. See (a) on page 3.
(a) Post -Construction
Stormwater Management
Program
development review process, which includes site
plan and construction drawing review, to ensure
compliance with the ordinance and SCM design
standards.
Maintain the City's stormwater SCM as -built
Ongoing.
approval process.
Further Improve and add additional functionality to
Ongoing improvements. See (a) on
the Stormwater Control Measure (SCM) Tool ("the
page 3.
Tool").
Train Stormwater Development Review staff.
Ongoing training. See (a) on page 3.
Maintain strategies that include a combination of
Ongoing. Continued vetting of
structural and/or non-structural SCMs
NCDEQ's new Stormwater Design
implemented in concurrence with (a) above.
Manual.
(b) Strategies which include
SCMs appropriate for the
Continue to require Stormwater Impact Analysis for
each development project.
Ongoing. Stormwater Impact Analysis
still required for each development
project.
MS4
Provide a mechanism to require long-term
See (d) below
operation and maintenance of structural SCMs.
Require annual inspection reports of permitted
structural SCMs performed by a qualified
professional.
WN

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Ongoing. Amendments to the City
Code adopted 5/20/2019 removed
requirements for future Stormwater
Use recorded plats and recorded Operation and
Facility Agreements. City Code
Maintenance Agreements to indicate restrictions
requirements (Section 70-743),
that convey with a property as one way of ensuring
recorded plats, Declaration of
that development projects will continue to be
Covenants, Conditions, and
(c) Deed Restrictions and
operated and maintained consistent with approved
Restrictions (CC&Rs), as well as
Protective Covenants
plans.
approved 0&M Manuals ensure SCMs
will continue to be operated and
maintained in accordance with
approved plans.
Use recorded conservations easements to protect
Ongoing.
property.
For each structural SCM required by ordinance,
Ongoing. Revisions to the City Code
require an executed and recorded stormwater
adopted 5/20/2019 removed future
facility agreement with property owner(s) that
requirements for Stormwater Facility
requires long-term operation and maintenance.
Agreements.
For each completed structural SCM required by
Ongoing. The as-builts for 100% of the
ordinance, require an operation and maintenance
SCMs which were completed during
plan, i.e. 0&M Manual, which lists specific
the reporting period included an 0&M
inspection and maintenance activities required to
manual.
ensure the proper functioning and upkeep of a
particular SCM. The property owner/permittee is
(d1) Operation and
responsible for maintaining the facility per the
Maintenance (0&M)
recorded stormwater facility agreement, and City
ordinance.
Require annual inspection reports of permitted
Ongoing. 921 inspection reports
structural SCMs performed by a qualified
submitted in the reporting period.
professional.2
Ongoing. The City conducted quality
Conduct annual quality assurance inspections on a
assurance site inspections on 57% of
portion of all reports, including at least one from
all reports, including at least one
each certified inspector submitting reports.
report from each certified inspector
submitting reports.
(d2) Operation and
Conduct field assessment of City owned structural
Ongoing. Staff conducted field
Maintenance for municipally-
SCMs to verify conditions, operational issues, and
assessments of all City owned SCMs
owned or maintained
maintenance needs.
within the reporting period.
structural stormwater SCMs
Conduct seminars for engineers, architects, and
Two seminars were held during the
developers at least twice a year.
reporting period, March 14, 2019, and
(e) Educational materials
June 13, 2019.
and training for developers
Distribute information on post -construction
Eight announcements were sent to the
program changes via the "Development
development community during the
Community" e-mail list.
reporting period
2 A qualified professional means a North Carolina Professional Engineer (NC PE) or NC Registered Landscape Architect (NC
RLA) trained and/or certified in the design, operation, inspection and maintenance aspects of the SCMs being inspected.
For example, someone trained and certified by NC State University for SCM Inspection and Maintenance is a qualified
professional. For a more comprehensive discussion of this facet of SCM operation and maintenance, please see
http://durhamnc.gov/695/BCE-As-Builts-BMC-Maintenance-Programs.
47

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Conduct voluntary SCM handoff meetings with
Ongoing. Two SCM handoff meetings
developers and Homeowner's Associations of
were held during the reporting period.
single-family residential subdivisions.
November 27, 2018, and February 7,
2019.
Most of the City's post -construction program has been in place for many years, with significant
evolution occurring in ordinance revisions in 2001, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2019. For the permit
term beginning in October 2018, only minor changes are expected to be needed as new or better
information becomes available or evolving conditions warrant. No specific changes were planned for
the reporting period with the exception of the ordinance revision occurring May 20, 2019.
For further information about the City of Durham's Post -Construction Storm Water Management
Program, please see Section 7.6 of the City's Stormwater Management Program Plan.
7(a) Post -Construction Stormwater Management Program
The Performance Standards for New Development Ordinance was originally adopted into City Code
on April 18, 2005. Stormwater & GIS services fully implemented the ordinance during the reporting
period. Session Laws 2015-246 and 2018-145 as well as the City's renewed NPDES permit
prompted several changes which include:
■ Revision of the Performance Standards for New Development Ordinance on 5/20/19.
o A revised built -upon area definition.
o Treatment for increased impervious surfaces only.
o Exemption of pre-existing built -upon (impervious surface) area
o New exemptions from built upon area:
• Surface of number 57 stone laid at least four inches thick over a geotextile fabric.
• A trail as defined in G.S. 113A-85 as long as the pavement is porous with a hydraulic
conductivity greater than 0.001 centimeters per second.
• Landscaping material, including, but not limited to, gravel, mulch, sand, and
vegetation, placed on areas that receive pedestrian or bicycle traffic or on portions of
driveways and parking areas that will not be compacted by the weight of a vehicle.
■ Removal of the Jordan Lake Stormwater Management for New Development regulations and
replacement with NPDES Phase II regulations on 5/20/2019.
The Reference Guide for Development was also updated in the reporting period. Revisions for
Section 8.1 of were finalized and incorporated into the Reference Guide. Staff continued to vet
NCDEQ's new Stormwater Design Manual incorporating Minimum Design Criteria (MDCs) and
discussed needed addenda if/when the City decides to adopt this latest design manual
The SCM Tool was extensively used during the reporting period. The Tool serves as the inventory of
structural SCMs and has functionality to input, manage, and query project regulatory compliance,
drainage area, SCM maintenance inspections and compliance, and nutrient loading information.
Minor improvements were installed during the reporting year which include:
■ Changes to the Project tables and dashboard tab due to the revised Performance Standards for New
Development ordinance.
■ Changes to the Drainage tables and dashboard tab due to proposed SNAP tool changes.

■ Creation of time/date and created by auto stamp to inspections dashboard tab to indicated when
inspection reports are uploaded and inspection records are created and by whom.
■ Revision of auto -generated Notice of Regulatory Requirement letters.
■ Creation of query and report listing annual inspection reports indicating a review status of "Additional
Follow-up Needed".
Training of Stormwater Development Review staff continued throughout the reporting period. This
included weekly internal training and external or online training given by NC State University, the NC
Department of Environmental Quality, the American Public Works Association, and other
organizations. Professional Development Hour (PDH) credits were given for many these trainings.
7(b) Strategies which include Stormwater Control measures (SCMs) appropriate
for the MS4
Refer to Table 7.1.
7(c) Deed Restrictions and Covenants
Revisions to the City Code adopted on May 20,2019, removed future requirements for Stormwater
Facility Agreements. City Code requirements, recorded plats, Declaration of Covenants, Conditions,
and Restrictions (CC&Rs), as well as approved Operation and Maintenance (0&M) Manuals ensure
SCMs are operated and maintained in accordance with approved plans.
7(d) Operation and Maintenance Plan
Privately owned Structural SCMs
A total of 35 stormwater facility agreements were prepared during the reporting period (14
supplemental and 21 new). Note that revisions to the City Code adopted on May 20,2019, removed
future requirements for Stormwater Facility Agreements although existing agreements remain in
effect. Agreement requirements were eliminated because current City Code requirements, recorded
plats, Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs), as well as approved 0&M
Manuals ensure SCMs are operated and maintained in accordance with approved plans. An 0&M
Manual is a required element of every as -built submittal package. The as-builts for 100% of the
SCMs which were completed during the reporting period included an 0&M manual.
The City continued to improve upon its efforts in achieving compliance with SCM annual inspection
report requirements during the reporting period. The City adopted strategies, e.g. tiered enforcement,
to increase compliance rate. The tiered enforcement includes Notices of Regulatory Requirements,
Notices of Breach, Director's Notices, and Notices of Violations. The following notices were issued
during the reporting period:
• Notices of Regulatory Requirements-619
• Notices of Breach-123
• Director's Notices —Two
Notices of Regulatory Requirements were issued to all SCM owners approximately 45 days in
advance of compliance deadlines dates to notify of the inspection and report obligations. Notices of
Breach and Director's Notices were issued after expiration of compliance deadlines. The most
common reasons for issuing these notices were for failing to submit an annual inspection report and
failing to complete identified repairs and submitting a passing inspection report. The utilization of the
first three steps improved the compliance rate from the previous reporting period. The City also
utilized soft enforcement strategies, e.g. education and SCM handoff meetings, to increase
compliance rates. The City expects to further improve the compliance rates in the upcoming year by
.•

implementing Notices of Violation and monetary civil penalties. The City also anticipates finalizing
the SCM Maintenance Program's Compliance and Enforcement Guidelines.
The City received nine hundred 921 annual inspection reports within the reporting period. Of these
reports, 760 were accepted and 161 were rejected for inaccuracies or errors. Additionally, 269
SCMS failed their initial annual inspection during the reporting period which required an additional
inspection report upon completion of repairs. The City conducted quality assurance site inspections
on 84% of all privately owned SCMs and 57% of all reports received within the reporting period,
including at least one report from each certified inspector submitting reports.
A new engineering technician position was created in June 2017 for FY2018. The primary duties of
the new position are to review annual inspection reports received and perform annual quality
assurance inspections.
City -owned Structural SCMs
Routine maintenance was performed on City owned SCMs by the department responsible for the
SCM. The City utilized the same inspection checklist for annual maintenance certification as required
of private SCM owners and completed them a minimum of once per year per facility. The City will
continue to improve its operation and maintenance of municipally owned or maintained SCMs during
the FY 2020 reporting period.
7(e) Educational Materials and Training for Developers
Seminars
Seminars for developers are generally conducted twice annually. Two seminars were held during the
reporting period. Dates and agendas are provided below:
Table 7.2 Developer Seminars October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019
Date of Seminar
Agenda
March 14, 2019
. Proposed Stormwater Ordinance Revisions & Future SNAP Tool
Utilization, Shea Bolick, PE, PLS, CFM, Michael Irwin, PE, CFM, CPSWQ,
Department of Public Works, Stormwater & GIS
• Division of Mitigation Services Refund Policy, James Stanfill, Asset
Manager, Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation
Services
• Wetland Plant Spotlight, Ian Peterson, PE, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater & GIS
• Private Utility Inspections in ROW, Michael Ross, Department of Public
Works, Engineering
June 13, 2019
• NC DOT Development Approvals, Jason Watson, Assistant District
Engineer, NC Department of Transportation
0 Wetland Plant Spotlight, Ian Peterson, PE, Department of Public Works,
Stormwater & GIS
0 Good/Bad/Ugly, Travis Marion & Sam Jackson, Department of Public
Works, Stormwater & GIS
0 Section 8.6 of the Reference Guide for Development, Jennifer Buzun,
PE, Department of Public Works, Stormwater & GIS
50

Electronic Mail Communication
Stormwater & GIS Services also communicates with developers using a Development Community
email list. The following emails were sent during the reporting period:
■ 12/3/2018 Letter to Industry - Addition of Section 4.1, Video Inspections, to the Reference
Guide for Development
■ 12/20/18 Revised SCM As -Built Submittal Checklist
■ 12/28/2018 Letter to Industry —City of Durham Floodplain Process Changes
■ 1/17/19 City of Durham Development Services Center Bi-Monthly Process Improvement
Meeting
■ 2/5/19 Proposed Stormwater Ordinance Revisions
■ 4/12/2019 Letter to Industry —Use of SNAP v4.1 Tool Mandatory in Jordan and Falls Basins
■ 4/30/19 Workshop on Plant Material & Planting Techniques for Stormwater Control
Measures (SCMs)
■ 5/22/2019 Letter to Industry —Amendments to Stormwater Performance Standards for
Development and Revisions to the Reference Guide for Development
The voluntary SCM handoff meeting program begun in 2013 was continued during the reporting
year. These meetings are facilitated by City staff in coordination with the project developer and
HOA, when requested, or as deemed necessary. The following SCM handoff meetings were
facilitated within the reporting period:
■ November 27, 2018—Ravenstone Subdivision
■ February 7, 2019—Stonehill Estates Subdivision
Other items of interest
Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
Public Works continues to require treatment in areas for which TMDLs have been established. As
described in Section 11, the City of Durham currently has two TMDLs for streams in the City. The
following strategies are used for each TMDL watershed:
Table 7.3. TMDL Post -Construction Strategies
TMDL Watershed
Strategy
Northeast Creek
Northeast Creek has a TMDL for bacteria. If one or more SCMs are
required for a new development, the SCM(s) must be one(s) that achieves
medium or high bacteria removal.
Third Fork Creek
Third Fork Creek has a TMDL for turbidity. The TMDL for turbidity is
expressed as a TSS load. A TSS reduction is required for runoff from all
impervious surfaces. A TSS reduction is also required for low -density
developments where runoff is piped; excluding culvert pipes under
roadways and driveways.
Projects located in the TMDL watersheds that were approved during the reporting year are listed
below in Table 7.4. A summary of compliance/enforcement notices issued during the reporting year
to private SCM owners for each TMDL watershed is listed below in Table 7.5.
51

Table 7.4 List of All Projects Approved in TMDL Watersheds.
Project Name SCM Type Approved
Northeast Creek
Angier Avenue Residential - Jordan Basin
One (1) stormwater wetland, one (1) level
spreader w/ filter strip.
Davis Park Apartments (Grading Only)
No SCM required for grading plan. Wet pond
(D18OO28O)
previously approved for project during earlier
reporting year.
Humacyte - ARE NC 54 - D18OO238
Two (2) bioretention with internal water storage
(IWS).
Ellis Road Phase II Amendment (D18OO252)
No new SCMs with amendment. Original project
approved during an earlier reporting year - three
(3) wet ponds, one (1) stormwater wetland.
Ellis Road Phase 3 (Grading Only) - D18OO81-
No SCM required. Exempt from pollution control
Jordan
requirements.
Luxury Living Scapes - Change of Use
No SCM required. Exempt from pollution control
requirements.
Townes at Courtney Creek - D18OO173
Two (2) dry Ponds - extended detention, four (4)
sand filters - open.
Selby Avenue Homes - D18OO279
One (1) stormwater wetland.
Park Forty Plaza Generator
No SCM required. Exempt from pollution control
requirements.
AveXis Site II Commercial Building - D19OOOO5
Exempt from pollution control requirements.
Amber Oaks Apts - D18003O2
Exempt from pollution control requirements.
Davis Park Townhomes Site Plan Amendment
No new SCMs with amendment. Original project
approved during an earlier reporting year —wet
ponds and level spreader/engineered filter strip.
Driver's Resting and Loading Dock Expansion
One sand filter— open.
(D1800372)
Providence at South point Townhomes -
One —wet pond.
D1800369
Third Fork Creek
Durham Tech New Applied Technology Building—
No SCM required. Exempt from pollution control
requirements due to net decrease in impervious
D1900135
area.
Triangle Rock Club
No SCM required. Exempt from pollution control
requirements.
Two wet ponds. Project requires two (2) new wet
Highland Park Subdivision
ponds in addition to using the existing Lowes of S.
Durham # two wet pond.
Johnson Volvo of Durham II South Point Auto Park
One dry pond.
(D1800184)
Unlimited Recovery—D1800154
One wet pond.
GoDurham Bus Stop Improvements Site 7—
No SCM required. Development is within rights of
D1800361
way.
GoDurham Bus Stop Improvements Site 22—
No SCM required. Development is within rights of
D1800364
way.
52

Project Name
SCM Type Approved
GoDurham Bus Stop Improvements Sites 13 &
No SCM required. Development is within rights of
14—D1800362
way.
GoDurham Bus Stop Improvements Sites 15 &
No SCM required. Development is within rights of
17—D1800363
way.
RCC Development— D1800368
Three wet ponds.
No SCM required. Project decreased impervious
NCCU P3 Student Housing— George St.
area.
Trosa James Street -East Campus—D1800179
One wet pond.
No new SCM; however, the project includes a
The Overlook at Stratford Lakes
retrofit (addition of two forebays) of an older
existing wet pond (Lake Avon).
One sand filter —underground, one underground
Springhill Suites— D1800245
storage.
One Underground Storage, One StormFilter. A
partial offsite nitrogen nutrient credit was
Durham Gateway
purchased in October 2016 when another site
plan (Gateway Center Mixed Use) on parcel was
approved in September 2016 with underground
detention and StormFilter.
One sand filter —underground, one underground
Family Fare 4830 Hope Valley Rd.—D1800316
storage.
No SCM required. Exempt from nutrient
requirements— below disturbance threshold.
Yancey Street Condos—D1800273
Increase in impervious triggers peak flow
requirements; however, no SCM needed because
flow increase is within tolerance.
No SCM required. No increase in impervious
Willard Street Apartments— D1800321
area. Exempt from requirements.
No New SCM. Amendment to approved site plan
Johnson Pre -owned Lexus of Durham
that modified site loadings and a supplemental
nutrient purchase was required. Originally a
Amendment—D1900002
bioretention with IWS and wet pond SCMs were
installed.
Lots 14-17 Storage Lot
One wet pond, one bioretention with IWS
No SCM required by City of Durham.SCMs for
NCCU P3 Student Housing - Chidley South
water quality are being required/reviewed by
NCDEQ.
S Briggs Business Center
One wet pond.
Holy Infant Catholic Church
One stormwater wetland.
One underground storage, one sand filter -
NCCU Student Center
underground. Underground storage required for
City peak flow standards. Underground sand filter
required for State TSS.
One underground detention and one Contech
510 E Pettigrew Apartments— D1900079
StormFilter for TSS.
53

Project Name
SCM Type Approved
One dry pond. With new ordinance SCM type
changed from bioretention to dry detention.
3205 University Dr. & Lassiter St.— D1800205
Nutrient loading data left in place for historical
purposes only. No nutrient payment required or
made.
Charter Data Center Expansion —D1900011
One wet pond.
805 South Briggs
Two stormwater wetlands
No SCM required. Exempt from stormwater due to
no changes in drainage patterns and a reduction
Jiar Durham Mosque—D1800216
in impervious area.The impervious area reduction
resulted in the needed nutrient reductions for
alternative c.
Venable Center—D1800392
One underground storage, one StormFilter
No SCM required. Exempt from Stormwater
617 Morehead Avenue Expansion
Pollutant standards (Section 70-739). Peak flow
attenuation is not required.
No new SCM. The site is part of D1800087—
Durham Gateway and uses SCMs (underground
Gateway Center Building 2
detention and StormFilter) proposed in that
project.
Durham Tech Newton Building Partial
No SCM required. Interior building renovation
Renovation —D1900013
with no increase in impervious area. Exempt.
Coastal Federal Credit Union Amendment
No New SCM (Phased Project).
Table 7.5 Summary of Compliance/Enforcement Notices for SCMs in TMDL Watersheds.
Northeast Creek
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
54
Notices of Breach
7
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
0
Third Fork Creek
Notices of Regulatory Requirement
62
Notices of Breach
11
Director's Notices
0
Notices of Violation
0
Jordan Lake has a TMDL for chlorophyll a. The TMDL is expressed as nitrogen and phosphorus
loading. For all City of Durham new development projects triggering the Jordan Lake applicability
thresholds, nitrogen and phosphorus reductions were required per the Jordan Lake rules. The Jordan
Lake nutrient requirements were removed from the City Code on May 20, 2019, in accordance with
State law as well as the new NPDES permit effective October 10, 2018. NPDES Phase II
requirements replaced the void left by the abolishment of the Jordan Lake Stormwater Management
for New Development regulations.
Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW) Protections
54

Establish nutrient sensitive waters (NSW) protection measures (for programs with development or
redevelopment draining to NSW waters: Neuse, Falls Lake and Jordan Lake)
Maintain and implement ordinance approved by the NC Environmental Management Commission
which implements NSW protection measures.
■ 2001—Neuse NSW program established.
■ 2010—N & P loading limits for Falls Lake and Jordan Lake adopted.
■ 2012—Full Jordan and Falls NSW programs adopted.
Implementation ongoing during reporting period. Note that the Jordan Lake Stormwater
Management for New Development regulations were removed and replaced with NPDES Phase II
regulations on May 20,2019.
Continue to submit to NCDENR annual reports for Neuse, Jordan, and Falls NSW strategies.
■ Because the reporting period was realigned to cover the period October 10,2018, through
June 30,2019, there was no submittal of the Falls Lake New Development Annual Report
during this period. This report will be submitted by September 30,2019, and will be
accounted for in next year's report.
■ Neuse Annual Report, including New Development section, submitted October 30, 2018.
■ Jordan Lake Stage One Existing Development Annual Report for 2017-2018 submitted
October 25,2018.
Highlights for the coming year
The following minor changes are proposed to improve functionality of the SCM Tool database:
■ Modification of the Maintenance Certifications Review Summary query and report.
■ Restoration of the Search by SCM ID number function within the dashboard SCM tab.
The following changes are proposed for the Reference Guide for development:
■ Implementation of new process for updating the Reference Guide for Development that is
more consistent, documented, and enforceable and with the intent to eliminate discretionary
language and standardize categories of variance.
■ Revision of Section 8.1(Stormwater Impact Analysis) to incorporate changes due to the use
of the new SNAP Tool and to comply with session law.
■ Revision of current Section 8.6 (As -built Certification Requirements for SCMs) to incorporate
new requirements and current standard practices.
55

8. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
Table 8-1: BMP SummaryTable for Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal
Operations
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Maintain an inventory of
municipal facilities and
operations owned and operated
(a) Inventory of
by the permittee that have been
Water Quality
municipal
determined by the permittee to
Specialist,
facilities and
have significant potential for
Ongoing
Stormwater
Development
operations
generating polluted stormwater
Review Staff
runoff. Also maintain an inventory
of municipally -owned structural
SCMs.
Implement an inspection and
operations owned and operated
by the permittee for potential
sources of polluted runoff,
including stormwater controls
and conveyance systems. The
Inventory and
(b) Inspection and
inspection program shall evaluate
inspection records
maintenance
pollutant sources, document
maintained in the
Facility Pollution
program for
deficiencies, plan corrective
Stormwater
Prevention Teams
municipal
actions, implement appropriate
Inspections
& Water Quality
facilities and
controls, and document the
Database are
Specialist
operations
accomplishment of corrective
reviewed annually
actions. The maintenance
to produce Table
program shall include
8-2 and Table 8-3
maintenance activities and
procedures aimed at preventing
or reducing pollutants generated
from municipal facilities and
operations.
Maintain and implement Site
100% of NPDES-
Pollution Prevention Plans for
permitted have
(c) Site Pollution
municipal facilities owned and
SPPPs.
Prevention
operated by the permittee that
Facility Pollution
Plans for
have been determined by the
Prevention Teams
municipal
permittee to have significant
23 of 29 non-
& Water Quality
facilities
potential for generating polluted
NPDES have
Specialist
stormwater runoff that has the
SPPPs. Remainder
goal of preventing or reducing
are in
pollutant runoff.
development.
56

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Maintain spill response
(d) Spill Response
procedures for municipal facilities
Procedures for
and operations owned and
Suring reviewed
Facility Pollution
municipal
operated by the permittee that
during site
Prevention Teams
facilities and
have been determined by the
inspections
& Water Quality
operations
permittee to have significant
Specialist
potential for generating polluted
stormwater runoff.
57

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Describe measures that prevent
or minimize contamination of the
stormwater runoff from all areas
used for vehicle and equipment
cleaning, including fire stations
that serve more than three fire
trucks and ambulances. Perform
all cleaning operations indoors,
cover the cleaning operations,
ensure wash water drains to the
sanitary sewer system, collect
stormwater runoff from the
cleaning area and provide
treatment or recycling, or other
equivalent measures. If sanitary
sewer is not available to the
facility and cleaning operations
take place outdoors, the cleaning
(e) Prevent or
operations shall take place on
minimize
grassed or graveled areas to
contamination
prevent point source discharges
Facility Pollution
of stormwater
of the wash water into the storm
Prevention Teams
runoff from all
drains or surface waters.
Ongoing
&Water Quality
areas used for
Where cleaning operations
Specialist
vehicle and
cannot be performed as
equipment
described above and when
cleaning
operations are performed in the
vicinity of a storm drainage
collection system, the drain is to
be covered with a portable drain
cover during cleaning activities.
Any excess standing water shall
be removed and properly handled
prior to removing the drain cover.
Facilities that have three or fewer
fire trucks and ambulances
should attempt to comply with the
above requirements; however,
those that cannot comply with
these requirements due to
existing limitations shall
incorporate structural measures
during facility renovation to the
extent practicable.

BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Assistant Public
The permittee shall implement
Works Director for
(f) Streets, roads,
BMPs to reduce polluted
Operations, Street
and public
stormwater runoff from
Ongoing
Cleaning
parking lots
municipally -owned streets, roads,
Supervisor,
maintenance
and public parking lots within the
corporate limits.
Water Quality
Specialist
(g) Inspection and
The permittee shall maintain and
Facility Pollution
Maintenance
implement an inspection and
Prevention Teams,
(I&M) for
maintenance program for
Public Works
municipally-
stormwater control measures
Stormwater
owned or
(SCMs) owned and operated by
Ongoing
Infrastructure,
maintained
the municipality and the
Public Works
SCMs and the
municipal stormwater sewer
Stormwater
storm sewer
system (including catch basins,
Maintenance
system
the conveyance system, and
Supervisor (See
SCMs).
Section 7-2(e2)
Maintain and implement a
Designated
Pollution
Prevention
training plan that indicates when,
workgroups are
Coordinator, Water
(h) Staff training
how often, who is required to be
reviewed and
Quality Analyst,
trained and what they are to be
training plan
Site Pollution
trained on.
updated annually
Prevention Teams
8(a) Inventory of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8(b) Inspection and Evaluation of Municipal Facilities and Operations
8(c) Site Pollution Prevention Plans for Municipal Facilities and Operations
Municipal Inspection Priority System
Municipal facilities are inspected according to the following priority order (listed highest to lowest):
1. Facilities requiring follow-up inspection to document completion of corrective actions
2. Special Action Plan facilities
3. High priority
4. Medium priority
5. Low priority
6. Lowest priority
An explanation of facility category assignment and occasional reassignment may be found in the
City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document,
available upon request.
59

Table 8-2: Summary of municipal facility priority categories, associated risk of stormwater pollution,
and inspection frequency. (Data as of 28-Aug-19)
Category 4
Special
Action
High Priority
Medium
Priority
Low Priority
Lowest Priority
Risk of
Stormwater
Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Pollution
Inspection
Quarterly
3x per year
2x per year
1x per year
1x every 3
Frequency
years
Number of
1
0
13
1
19
facilities
Table 8-3: City "hot spot" facilities with their corresponding priority levels. The facilities in bold type
are NPDES General Stormwater permitees.
Facility
Special
Action
Plan
High
Medium
Low
Lowest
Public Works Operations Center
X
Fleet Maintenance
X
Durham Area Transit Authority*
X
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
X
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash
X
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center*
X
General Services
X
Brown Water Treatment Plant
X
Williams Water Treatment Plant
X
Water Management Administration
X
Hillandale Golf Courset
X
Fire Dept. Maintenance Garage
X
Transportation Sign and Signal Shop
X
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
X
Fire Dept. Training Academy
X
Fire Stations 1 - 19
X
* Facility is at least partially contract -operated by third party.
t Property is owned by the City, but business is operated by a third party.
.N

As seen in Table 8-3, the majority of (non -Fire Dept.) operations are assigned to the "Medium"
category. The priority system allows enough flexibility to accommodate fluctuations in risk and the
need for increased or decreased inspection frequency, as well as appropriate categories for new
operations.
Review of Municipality Owned or Operated Industrial Activities
City Water Quality IDDE staff members conducted inspections of the municipal activities recognized
in Table 8-4 (non -permitted activities) and Table 8-5 (NPDES-permitted activities). Additional targeted
field operations are identified in Table 8-6.
Facilities reported as non -compliant with stormwater rules or having a foreseeable risk of stormwater
pollution that cannot be fully resolved during an inspection are all given a follow-up inspection to
ensure corrective or preventative actions are taken.
Inspections are conducted according to the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program
Standard Operating Procedures (document available upon request). IDDE inspectors are escorted by
one or more members of the facility's stormwater pollution prevention team. Inspections focus on
identification of stormwater pollution issues and development of strategies for preventing or
addressing compliance issues.
Where instances of non-compliance or other foreseeable stormwater issues were observed, facility
pollution prevention teams were responsive in evaluating, improving, or implementing best
management practices.
For municipal industrial activities, inspections routinely include:
• Document review:
o Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
o Annual updates, changes, and amendments
o Qualitative and Quantitative Runoff Monitoring Data (for NPDES permitted activities)
o Annual employee training records
o Semi-annual self -inspection records
o Non-stormwater discharge and spill incident history
o Annual self -review of program effectiveness
Discussing BMPs for prospective operations and facility changes
• Inspection of:
o Areas of industrial activity (including material handling, storage, and
loading/unloading areas)
o Stormwater discharge outfalls
Inspection reports, automatically generated by the Industrial Inspections MS Access Database, are
routinely provided to facility personnel upon completion of inspections, along with site photographs
and compliance assistance. In addition to site inspection results, the IDDE inspectors routinely send
e-mail or inter -office correspondence to remind facility pollution prevention team leaders of
monitoring schedules, deadlines, reissued General permits, etc.
Table 8-4 below contains a summary of runoff monitoring completion for the six NPDES-Permitted
facilities. All facilities were able to meet qualitative and quantitative sampling requirements.
61

NPDES-Permitted Facility Summary of Status and Major Issues (10/1/18 - 6/30/19)
Fleet Maintenance Facility
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues were observed during the permit year.
Stormwater runoff samples were collected at this facility as required. One sample contained a
concentration of total suspended solids in excess of the permit benchmark. The facility pollution
prevention team completed an inspection and assessment to identify a source of the excess
sediment. While no specific source was identified, the team suspects the influence of sand -salt
application to combat multiple winter storms.
Public Works has a small sand -salt dome and stockpile installation at this facility. Numerous winter
weather events made the management of this pile a challenge, but Public Works took prompt action
to mitigate issues that arose during the winter season.
Two heavily eroded and unstable stormwater drainage ditches are still in need of maintenance. City
Stormwater Maintenance staff will be performing this work, but due to higher -priority projects, they
were not able to repair these ditches during this past permit year. Occasional overuse of herbicide in
and around these ditches also continues to be an issue that is being addressed with General
Services.
Figure 8-8. The Public Works dome and stockpile installation just after a winter storm. The
foreground drain inlet leads to a SCM designed to treat salt -laden runoff.
REA

Figure 8-9. The instability of this drainage ditch area is slated to be addressed by Stormwater
Maintenance, per request by Fleet Management.
Solid Waste Vehicle Wash Facility
Construction of a new indoor vehicle washing facility was completed during the permit period, but the
facility was not yet operational. All construction -related sediment and erosion control practices were
managed under the oversight of City General Services. Any concerns our inspectors brought to the
attention of the construction contractor were managed promptly.
Solid Waste Management has recently contracted with a private consultant to manage stormwater
regulatory compliance at this facility and the Disposal and Recycling Center. This will include a
request for NPDES stormwater permit coverage revision, updated Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plan, employee training, and analytical and qualitative monitoring.
No runoff samples were collected at this facility during the reporting period because the site
permitted industrial activity was not in operation while construction continued.
63

Figure 8-10. Construction site sediment and erosion controls were appropriately installed and
maintained during the project.
N:'ik
Figure 8-11. May 2019 facility aerial view. Enclosed wash area nearing completion, but SCM (photo
top right) under construction.
Go Durham Maintenance Facility
The Go Durham (formerly Durham Area Transit Authority) Maintenance Facility is a contract -operated
facility for maintenance of bus transit and para-transit services fleets. During the reporting period,
contract operation was provided by Durham City Transit Co. (DCTC), which hires drivers, mechanics,
M

etc. DCTC is responsible for the day-to-day management of the facility, including all vehicle
maintenance activities and grounds upkeep.
DCTC continued to engage the consulting firm El Group (Morrisville, NC) to prepare NPDES Permit
compliance documents, perform self -inspections and runoff monitoring, and conduct employee
training. Runoff monitoring was conducted as required. Monitoring conducted during the reporting
period revealed no benchmark exceedances.
This facility maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the reporting period.
dooms
Figure 8-12. Go Durham pollution prevention BMPs include liberal use of inlet filter bags and oil -
absorbent booms. These and other site BMPs appear to be effective in guarding against surface
water contamination.
North Durham Water Reclamation Facility
Major facility upgrade construction continued from the previous permit period. The construction
contractor maintains appropriate sediment and erosion controls onsite. Construction -related fuels,
lubricants, and other contaminants are stored appropriately on the worksite. The facility pollution
prevention team routinely inspects construction activities.
Aside from minor construction -related issues, the facility maintained satisfactory stormwater
pollution prevention management in day-to-day operations.
65

Figure 8-13 IDDE inspectors discovered a contractor's dewatering hose (in red box) positioned to
discharge at a stormwater discharge outfall.
Figure 8-14. Hazardous and other regulated potential pollutants are stored responsibly.
South Durham Water Reclamation Facility
Major facility upgrade construction continued from the previous reporting period. Construction
activities are well -managed and proper sediment and erosion controls are installed and maintained.
The facility pollution prevention team routinely conducts inspections of construction activities.
Aside from minor construction -related issues, the site maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution
prevention management in day-to-day operations.

Figure 8-15. The site pollution prevention team continually addresses their contractor's improper
chemical storage.
Figure 8-16. The construction contractor improperly managed concrete spoils and washout. This was
observed by our IDDE inspectors and addressed promptly by the contractor.
Public Works Operation Center Facility (PWOC)
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year.
The facility grounds have remained noticeably neater and freer from excess sediment than in past
years. The wash pit area also appears to be well -maintained and free from track -out and overspray.
Additionally, heavy equipment stored on the lot is generally free from heavy dirt accumulation.
The enhanced sediment management practices in place at PWOC have correlated with a decreasing
trend in runoff sample total suspended sediment (TSS). TSS concentration results from recent runoff
monitoring, while in excess of the facility's NPDES permit benchmark, were among the lowest in
recent facility history.
In prior reports, we have discussed the ongoing challenge of erosion from a massive sand -salt
stockpile at the facility. Prior strategies for management have been partially successful but became
67

unfeasible after implementation. Management has decided to, and made arrangements for,
installation of a shed roof structure over the stockpile area. This should be a final, effective solution
to this ongoing challenge. The timeline for construction has yet to be determined.
Figure 8-17. Salty runoff from the sand -salt stockpile area. A more permanent solution is in
development.
Figure 8-18. We observed a recurring issue with lack of proper secondary containment and cover for
outdoor materials storage.
Non -Permitted Facility Summary of Status and Major Issues
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling Center

This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year.
General Services
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operation. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year.
Williams Water Treatment Plant
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year.
Construction operations from facility upgrades last permit period are winding down. Inspectors
observed that some routine maintenance of stormwater inlet protection is needed. However, no
issues were observed at the main stormwater outfall on Ellerbe Creek.
Brown Water Treatment Plant
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year.
Construction for a major facility upgrade is still underway. Several items in need of attention were
noted during our inspection. Of particular concern was the lack of concrete washout facilities,
despite significant concrete work taking place onsite. All action items were quickly addressed by the
contractor when brought to their attention.
Water Management A dministration Facility
Our early period inspection revealed that this facility maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution
prevention management in day-to-day operations. Beginning in summer 2019, much of the site had
been demolished and equipment moved offsite to accommodate construction of a new Water
Management facility. Our inspection of the construction site in July 2019 revealed that the
construction contractor was maintaining appropriate sediment and erosion controls. Once operations
are set to resume at this facility, the site SPPP will be fully revised.
Fire Vehicle Maintenance Garage
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year. There were no
noteworthy developments at this property during the permit year.
Hillandale Golf Course
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year. With guidance from
IDDE inspectors, the operator completed work on a SPPP for the facility.
Transportation Sign & Signal Shop
During the past permit year, the Transportation Sign & Signal Shop moved into a newly -constructed
facility. The facility maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-
day operations. A new SPPP was developed for the new site.
Parks and Recreation Operations and Maintenance
This facility has maintained satisfactory stormwater pollution prevention management in day-to-day
operations. No major issues or challenges were observed during the permit year. There were no
noteworthy developments at this property during the permit year.
City Fire Stations and Academy
.•

Fire Stations are in the "Lowest Priority" group of municipal facilities, inspected every three years.
The total number of City Fire Stations is now 19, due to a merger of City and County Fire
Departments. During the reporting period, all fire stations were inspected by IDDE staff.
Continued compliance issues with vehicle washing were noted in the past year at Fire Station 1. The
Durham Fire Department administration and Public Works Stormwater Services management are
collaboratively working to address these issues, as well as those related to stormwater NPDES
permit compliance requirements during renovations and new construction. This station has a
designated area for washing, which is designed to drain to an SCM installed to handle wash
wastewater. After additional training and messaging to station staff, we observed better adherence
to washing best practices.
During inspection of Fire Station 2, the IDDE inspector observed improper management of concrete
cutting slurry. The issue was resolved with collaboration between the Durham Fire Department staff,
the General Services Project Manager, the stormwater inspector, and the contractor hired to perform
the work.
Figure 8-19 Fire Station 2 Concrete Cutting Solids Were Contained, but All Concrete Related Waste
Water Also Must be Contained
At Fire Station 7, the IDDE inspector observed repeat issues of improper grease disposal. City Fire
Department staff, the stormwater inspector, and the Water Management Pre -Treatment Coordinator
addressed the issue promptly. As a result, "fat trapper" bags, used for proper grease disposal, will
now be issued to all Fire Stations. A laminated map of the stormwater drainage system was also
provided for posting in the Station 7 kitchen.
8(d) Spill Response Procedures for municipal facilities and operations
Each City of Durham municipal operation that has developed a SPPP has established site -specific
BMPs to address spill prevention, spill response, and spill kits. At a minimum, all spill kits contain
granular absorbent (or oil -absorbent pads) and absorbent spill control booms. In addition to facility
general use kits, granular absorbents are located at the City's two vehicle fueling islands.
For mobile operations, the City's HazMat trucks and fire trucks carry spill cleanup kits. Also, the City's
Stormwater Ordinance requires private wrecker trucks to carry spill cleanup kits. City garbage
70

collection trucks, Fleet Maintenance mobile service, and certain Transportation (Sign & Signal Shop)
crew vehicles are outfitted with spill cleanup kits. All spills that occur during City operations are
reported to Stormwater & GIS Services as part of the standardized City of Durham Spill Prevention
and Response Guidelines.
Stormwater Quality works closely with Solid Waste Management, Public Works Street Maintenance,
County Emergency Management, and the City Fire Department to coordinate the response to spills
that occur in the City or County right-of-way. First responders collect incident and responsible party
information and notify the Stormwater Quality group upon arrival at certain types of incidents where
surface waters or the storm drainage system are affected.
Stormwater Quality also continues to attend Local Emergency Planning Committee meetings to give
reports on incident response and further improve inter -agency coordination.
Stormwater Services continues to assist Water Management on sanitary sewer overflows from the
municipal collection system, Pumps are installed downstream of the spill to collect contaminated
water and return it to the collection system when feasible.
8(e) Prevent or minimize contamination of stormwater runoff from all areas
used for vehicle and equipment cleaning
The City of Durham does not allow the washing of municipal or employee vehicles or equipment
unless it is conducted at an approved municipal or private wash facilities. All municipal wash pits
drain to the sanitary sewer system via an approved pre-treatment device. City wash areas are listed
in Table 8-4 and Table 8-5.
The City of Durham contracts with a third party commercial car wash facility (Durham Ritz) for the
cleaning of fleet vehicles such as those used by the Police, Public Works, General Services, etc. This
car wash facility is routinely inspected by the Industrial Inspector and is presently approved for City
use.
The City Fire Department continues to comply with the City's MS4 NPDES permit rule governing the
washing of emergency vehicles. Stormwater & GIS Services and the Fire Department continue to
investigate a renovation plan to allow vehicle washing at all Fire Stations. Until all stations have been
retrofitted (if possible), emergency vehicles may be brought to Stations 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, or 17
for washing. Wastewater from vehicle washing at those stations is directed into engineered retention
areas, grassed areas, or loosely graveled areas. Public Works and the Fire Department are jointly
exploring the responsible use of modular wash water capture systems, where suitable, for vehicle
and equipment washing.
8(f) Streets, roads, and public parking lot maintenance
The City continues to implement BMPs addressing these surfaces. These BMPs include street
sweeping, removal of dead animals from streets, roads and highways, litter pick up at key road
intersections, bus stop cleaning, and litter clean-up in the downtown area through city funding to
Downtown Durham, Inc.'s Durham ambassadors Program. It also includes efforts to address
petroleum spills by ensuring City vehicles have clean-up kits readily available.
The City continues to conduct routine street sweeping using regenerative air sweepers. Table 8-9
summarizes results for street cleaning, litter pick up by city crews, and dead animal pick up during
the reporting period.
The City operates yard waste collection as a fee -for -service program that provides large, roll -out carts
to collect leaf litter and other yard wastes, which are taken to the City's permitted compost facility.
71

8(g) Operation and Maintenance (0&M) for city -owned BMPs and city -owned
storm sewer system (including catch basins, the conveyance system, and
structural stormwater controls)
Operation and maintenance of structural SCMs owned by the City are addressed in Section 7(e).
During street sweeping, as reported above, catch basin grates are cleaned.
The City continues to operate two crews for video inspection and cleaning of inlets and connected
pipes. One crew is dedicated to maintenance while the other addresses complaints. Table 8-10
below provides a summary of system video inspection by municipal crews, together with some
common operation and maintenance activities. Inspection of the storm drainage system is also
accomplished using a dedicating contract to video inspect the storm drainage system and through
required video inspections of storm drainage systems of new developments before the city takes
ownership. Inspection of major outfalls is addressed as part of illicit discharge detection and
elimination, which is covered in Section 5 of this report.
Additional inspection, repair, and maintenance work took place under ten contracts administered by
Public Works Stormwater. A list of these contracts is regularly updated on the City's web site at
http://durhamnc.gov/594/Stormwater-Construction-Repairs.
8(h) Staff training
Facility pollution prevention teams have been trained by IDDE inspectors in NPDES stormwater
permit compliance requirements, including methods of collecting qualitative and quantitative
stormwater runoff samples to meet permit conditions and good practices in conducting thorough
self -inspections. The Pollution Prevention Coordinator conducts annual stormwater pollution
prevention training for all employees in multiple departments.
In an effort to ensure our municipal operations employees all receive thorough annual stormwater
pollution prevention training that is consistent from class to class, year to year, and between
facilities, Stormwater Services has continued to provide professionally prepared training videos sold
by Excal Visual, LLP of Boulder, Colorado (www.excalvisual.com). In addition to ensuring consistency
in training, this provides an easy way to train new and off -shift employees between annual sessions.
The videos focus on IDDE and five aspects of facility stormwater pollution prevention: Good
Housekeeping, Spill Prevention, Exposure Minimization, Maintenance, and Spill Cleanup.
Training sessions consist of a pre -test, PowerPoint presentation, clips from our library of pollution
prevention and IDDE videos, a question and answer session, and a post-test.
Dates of each operation's employee stormwater training are listed in Table 8-4 and Table 8-5.
72

Table 8-4: Status summary of non-NPDES, "priority" municipal facilities and operations (10/1/18 -
6/30/19).
Inspections
Employee
Stormwater
Facility
SPPP
By
Vehicle/Equipment
Training
Pollution
Status
Stormwater
washing area?
Date
Prevention
& GIS Svcs
Team Leader
Solid Waste
Not due
Carlos Lyons,
Disposal and
Completed
11/30/18
No
during
Solid Waste
Recycling
period
Operations
Center
Manager
General
Yes, in grassed
Alex Johnson,
Services
area for rinsing
1/9/19
Operations
Maintenance
Completed
1/29/19
landscaping
6 4 19
/ /
Manager Dept.
Facility
equipment
of General
Services
Williams
Not due
Daryll Kennedy,
Water
Treatment
Completed
p
2 12 19
/ /
No
during
Dept. of Water
Plant
period
Management
Brian
Brown Water
11/5/18
Not due
Thompson,
Treatment
Completed
No
during
Plant
5/16/19
period
Dept. of Water
Management
Water
Steve Stewart,
Management
Completed
12/12/18
No
6/5/19
Superintendent,
Administration
Dept. of Water
Facility
Management
Billy Painter,
Fire Vehicle
2 11 19
/ /
(Part of Fleet
Fire
Maintenance
Maintenance
Completed
No
Maintenance
Supervisor,
Garage
4/ 1/19
Training)
Fleet
Maintenance
Included in
Inspected
Training plan
Chris lannuzzi,
Fire Training
Fire Vehicle
with Fire
No
in
Deputy Fire
Academy
Maintenance
Vehicle
development
Chief
Garage SPPP
Maint.
3/28/19
SPPPs
completed
4/17/19
See Section (i) for
Not due
Chris lannuzzi,
Fire Stations
for 15 of 19
5/1/19
details
during
Deputy Fire
stations
period
Chief
5/ 10/ 19
73

Inspections
Employee
Stormwater
Facility
SPPP
By
Vehicle/Equipment
Training
Pollution
Status
Stormwater
washing area?
Date
Prevention
& GIS Svcs
Team Leader
Stormwater
captured by
Phillip Powell,
Camden
constructed
Inspected
(Part of
Asst. Director
Avenue Salt
wetland that
with Fleet
No
PWOC
(Operations),
Dome
discharges
Maintenance
training)
Dept. of Public
to a forested
Works
area
Hillandale
1/28/19
Yes, cart rinse water is filtered
Not due
Barry Tucker,
Public Golf
Completed
5/28/19
and released to
during
Golf Course
Course
SCM
period
Superintendent
Danny Cochran
& Chris
Sign & Signal
Completed
2/14/19
No
11/14/18
Beasley,
Shop
Transportation
Dept.
Supervisors
Parks and
Not due for
Yes, has an indoor
Robert
Recreation
Operations
In
inspection
wash area draining
5/20/19
Jennings, Park
and
development
during
to sanitary sewer
Superintendent,
Maintenance
period
system
DPR.
74

Table 8-5: Status summary of NPDES-permitted municipal facilities and operations (10/1/18 -
6/30/19).
Permit
Inspections
Employee
Facility
Number or
By
Vehicle/Equipment
Training
Facility Contact
Certificate of
Stormwater
washing area?
Date
Coverage
& GIS Svcs
South Durham
Charlie Cocker,
Water
2519
Superintendent,
Reclamation
NCG110082
No
10/20/18
Department of
2/21/19
Water
Facility
Management
North Durham
John Dodson,
Water
10 24 / 18
Superintendent,
Reclamation
NCG110092
No
10/25/18
Department of
5/3/19
Water
Facility
Management
Joe Clark,
Fleet
Director,
Maintenance
NCG080771
2/7/19
No
4/26/19
Department of
Fleet
Maintenance
Solid Waste
11/29/18
Yes, wash pit
Not due
Carlos Lyons,
Solid Waste
Vehicle Wash
NCG080773
drains to sanitary
during
Operations
Facility
5/14/19
sewer system
period
Manager
12/6/18
Phillip Powell,
Public Works
Yes, wash pit
1/11/19
Asst. Director
Operations
NCG080776
3/21/19
drains to sanitary
(Operations),
Center (PWOC)
6/18/19
sewer system
Dept. of Public
Works
NCG080788
Go Durham Bus
issued to
Yes, wash bay
Bob Losinieki,
Maintenance
contract
3/8/19
drains to sanitary
3/21/19
Maintenance
Facility
operator
sewer system
Manager, DCTC
DCTC
75

Table 8-6: A summary of additional field operations conducted by multiple City departments where
additional stormwater pollution prevention guidance and/or training has been furnished or is in
development.
Activity
Targeted Department/Facility
Training or Guidance
Provided?
Building repair
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
Building maintenance
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
Parking lot maintenance
Lanier Parking Solutions (contract
Guidance, by Stormwater
operator)
& GIS Services
General Services
Turf management
Water Management
Both, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
Hillandale Golf Course
Swimming pool discharges
General Services
Both, by Stormwater & GIS
Services
General Services
Grading, land development, and
Public Works
Both, by Stormwater & GIS
construction
Services
Water Management
76

Table 8-7. Analytical and qualitative stormwater runoff monitoring compliance at NPDES-permitted
municipal facilities.
Stormwater Runoff Monitoring Compliance
Facility
10/1/18 - 6/30/19
City Owned
City Operated
Fleet Maintenance
3/1/19
Yes
Yes
Solid Waste Vehicle
Not in operation during
Yes
Yes
Wash
reporting period
Public Works Operation
12/20/18
Center
5/ 13/ 19
Yes
Yes
North Durham Water
1/4/19*
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility
South Durham Water
11/7/18*
Yes
Yes
Reclamation Facility
Go Durham Facility
6/7/19
Yes
No
*Qualitative monitoring only. Facility is not required to conduct analytical monitoring because vehicle
maintenance activities are not conducted onsite.
77

Table 8-8: Quarterly schedule of municipal facility operations. This schedule accounts for differing
inspection frequency according to priority level.
Facility Name
Jul-
Sep
Oct-
Dec
Jan-
Mar
Apr-
Jun
Priority Level
Inspection
Frequency
City of Durham Public Works
X
X
X
X
Special Action Plan
Quarterly
Operations Center
Brown Water Treatment Plant
F77
�7Municipal
- Medium
Fx-­peryear
City of Durham Fire Maintenance
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Garage
City of Durham Fleet Maintenance
�F—�X�Municipal
- Medium
2xper year
ity of Durham General Services
X
[7XMunicipal
- Medium
Fx—per year
City of Durham Sign and Signal Shop
�
Municipal - Medium
Fx—per year
City of Durham Solid Waste Vehicle
Wash
FX
F
Municipal -Medium
Fperyear
City of Durham Water Management
Administration Facility
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
City of Durham Williams Water
Treatment Plant
FX
F
Municipal -Medium
Fperyear
Go Durham Maintenance Facility
�F—�X�Municipal
-Medium
2x per year
Hillandale Golf Course
[)�—F—�XMunicipal
-Medium
Fx-­pr year
NDurham Water Reclamation
X
[—
X
F-
Municipal - Medium
Fperyear
Facilityorth
Solid Waste Disposal and Recycling
Center
X
X
Municipal -Medium
Fperyear
SFacility outh Durham Water Reclamation
X
X
Municipal - Medium
2x per year
Parks and Recreation Operations and
X
Municipal - Low
1x per year
Maintenance
City Durham Fire Department
-F-
Training Academy
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #1F]
F7
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #2
FT7
F7Municipal
- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #3
F�F—�
Municipal- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #4
F77
F7Municipal
- Lowest
Three Years
n!-of Durham Fire Station #5
F�F—�
Municipal- Lowest
Three Years
78

Facility Name
Jul-
Sep
Oct-
Dec
Jan-
Mar
Apr-
Jun
Priority Level
Inspection
Frequency
City of Durham Fire Station #6
X
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #7
F77
F7Municipal
- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #8
r__F_�
�Municipal
-Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #9
F-7
F7
Municipal- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #10
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #11
F-7
F7
Municipal- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #12
City of Durham Fire Station #13
7_F_Municipal
- Lowest
Three Years
Municipal - Lowest
rhree Years
City of Durham Fire Station #14
r—T7
F_�
Municipal- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #15
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #16
77F_Municipal
- Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #17
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
rity­`­f
Durham Fire Station #18
F7
F
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
City of Durham Fire Station #19
Municipal - Lowest
Three Years
79

Table 8-9. Summary of street and bus stop cleaning activities.
Month
Curb/Paved
Miles
Swept
Sweeping
Material
Collected,
cubic
yards
Sweeping
Material
Disposed,
tons
Number of
Litter Routes
Completed
Hand Litter
Collected, tons
Bus Stop
Cleanings
Bus Stop
Material
Disposed,
tons
Dead Animal
Pick-Up from
Streets
October 2018
1,467
600
218.34
79
19.27
1,835
14.94
171
November
1,246
750
288.79
73
15.07
1,589
16.72
122
December
780
700
305.24
44
11.25
1,591
15.87
86
January 2019
1,545
720
379.11
105
23.92
1,705
17.66
162
February
1,044
610
304.5
83
20.02
1,385
13.6
119
March
1,236
380
218
127
19.19
2,062
15.3
164
April
1,311
440
233.55
198
27.98
2,063
14.94
153
May
1,575
385
206.97
168
25.05
2,098
15.32
151
June
2,032
330
202.09
155
23.13
1,947
14.95
157
Period Total
12,236
4,915
2,356.59
1,032
184.88
16,275
139.3
1,285
2017-18 Total
20,530
6,650
2,722.82
1,548
242.88
21,549
190.6
1,572
2016-17 Total
21,117
6,400
2,855.81
1,684
275.84
18,270
126.48
1,663
2015-16 Total
31,660
6,350
3,350
1,520
212
24,294
97.51
1,614
2014-15 Total
28,892
8,230
4,695
2,008
288
28,186
149
1,560

Table 8-10. Summary of Public Works drainage system maintenance activities.
Pipe Inspection & Cleaning
Street Ditching
Catch Basin
Repairs
Total Pipe Feet
Total Feet of Pipe
Total Linear Feet
Number of Catch
Month
Videoed
Vactor-ed*
Basins**
October
8,340
1,702
1,705
5
November
2,707
427
1,340
5
December
2,437
778
232
0
January
4,156
2,014
430
3
2018
February
1,766
2,036
1,069
8
March
3,160
2,104
703
4
April
7,716
2,317
834
8
May
3,270
1,555
462
8
June
3,292
1,313
649
10
Period
36,844
14,246
7,424
51
Totals
Estimated
$55,634.44
$72,939.52
$62,287.36
--
Costs
Table does not include video inspection, street ditching, and other work performed by contractors.
See text for discussion.
* Accounting method for pipe cleaning changed during this fiscal year. New, lower, figures only
account for the net footage of pipe cleaned, rather than adding multiple passes along the same pipe
length.
* * Accounting method for catch basin repairs changed during this fiscal year. New, lower, figures
only account for actual repairs of the basin structure. Previous figures included minor adjustments
such as shifting basin grates back into position.

9. Program to Monitor and Control Pollutants in Stormwater Discharges to
Municipal Systems
Table 9-1: BMP summary table for monitoring and control of pollutants discharged to the MS4
BMP Description
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Inventory
database
The City maintains an inventory of industrial
maintained and
Stormwater
facilities.
improved. See
Inspectors
(a)
section (a) for
Maintain an
details.
Inventory of
Sources were
Industrial
reviewed and
Water Quality
Facilities
The City reviews multiple data sources to
15 new facilities
Specialist,
identify additional facilities that may need to
were added to
Stormwater
be included as industrial sites.
the database.
Inspectors
See section (b)
for details.
Successfully
continued to
(b)
Identify priorities and inspection procedures.
conduct
inspections
Water Quality
The City has swell -developed inspection
Specialist,
Inspection
program for evaluating industrial facilities
according to
Stormwater
Program
identified above.
priority system.
Inspectors
See Table 9-3
for quantified
details.
The City evaluates control measures
Ongoing
program. See
implemented at industrial facilities
Table 9-4 for
Stormwater
according to the procedures and priorities
quantified
Inspectors
(c)
outlined above.
details.
For facilities permitted by state or federal
Ongoing
Evaluate
Industrial
authorities, the City has established
program. See
Facilities
procedures for reporting deficiencies and
Table 9-4 for
discharging
non-compliance to the permitting agency.
quantified
stormwater to
Where compliance with an existing federal
details.
Stormwater
the City's MS4
or state industrial stormwater permit does
Inspectors
not result in adequate control of pollutants
Additional
to the MS4, the City will recommend and
details
document the need for revised permit
described in
conditions to the permit issuing authority.
Section (c).
9(a) Maintain an Inventory of Industrial Facilities
The Inspections Program maintains a custom Microsoft Access database to store general
information, inspection results, compliance status, and ordinance enforcement details for each
private and municipal industrial facility within the City limits. New functions, tools, reports, and
queries were added to the database during the permit period.
The City's inventory of industrial sites is updated using:
:.

• semi-annual queries of EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (July and October, corresponding with the EPA's
update schedule) to identify facilities subject to Section 313 of SARA Title III;
• quarterly lists of all NPDES permitted facilities in Durham County obtained from Bethany Georgoulias
of the Stormwater Permitting Unit of the NC Division of Energy, Minerals, and Land Resources;
• quarterly queries of EPA's RCRAInfo search tool to identify permitted hazardous waste treatment,
disposal, storage, and recovery facilities;
• staff field observations of new and un-inventoried facilities; and
• routine queries of the City of Durham Stormwater Services Water Quality Investigation database (IDDE
program records) to identify facilities associated with illicit discharges.
As of the end of the reporting period, the Industrial database contained records for 454 private
industrial operations operating within the City limits. Fifteen newly identified operations were added
to the database during the reporting period. Despite the addition of 15 new facilities to our
database, nine of our existing inventory were found to be closed or moved out of the City, resulting in
a net inventory increase of six facilities.
Table 9-2. New facilities added to the database during the reporting period.
Facility Name
Master Mechanics
Type of Facility
Automotive Service
NPDES Permit Type
No Permit Required
Tire Solutions & Auto Repair
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Pony's Tire Service
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Caliber Collision- Iredell St
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Kay's Auto Sales
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Caliber Collision- Ramseur St
Automotive Service
No Permit Required
Lifetime Audi Parts
Motor Vehicle Junkyard
NCG100000
General Rental Center
Other
No Permit Required
Solis Brightleaf Apartments
Other
Individual
Humacyte
Other
No Exposure
Ply Gem Industries
Other
No Exposure
Wall Recycling
Scrap Metal
NCG200000
Amazon Fulfillment Center (N Hoover)
Transit and Transportation
No Exposure
Amazon Fulfillment Center (T W Alexander)
Transit and Transportation
NCG080000
FedEx Ground
Transit and Transportation
NCG080000
Using coordinate data collected in the field with handheld GPS devices or determined using aerial
imagery and GIS, we have continued to maintain updated GIS mapping of the locations of currently
operating facilities in our industrial database. We currently have coordinate data for 100% of known
private facilities operating within the City. The facilities' locations can be symbolized using many
different attributes including NPDES permit type, industrial classification, and compliance status. The
industrial database is linked directly to the industrial GIS geodatabase, which allows for
instantaneous updating of facility map locations. Please refer to the maps provided with this report
(Figure 9-3 and Figure 9-4). Higher -resolution printouts or electronic versions are available upon
request.
9(b) Inspection Program
To make efficient use of City inspector time and effort, every facility is assigned and inspected
according to a priority level reflecting a combination of risk of stormwater pollution and history of

compliance with stormwater regulations. This paradigm allows us to focus on those facilities most in
need of oversight, corrective action, or both.
An in-depth discussion of our prioritization system may be found in the City's Industrial Stormwater
Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures, available by request.
Facilities found during inspection to have one or more first-time violations of City Code or issues that
require the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) are issued a Notice of
Requirement (NOR). The NOR identifies the site conditions that may result in an illicit discharge and
sets requirements, with deadlines, for the development and implementation of BMPs. If the facility
complies with the requirements of a NOR (verified by a follow-up inspection), the City does not
proceed with further enforcement.
If a facility does not comply with the requirements of a NOR or when repeat or more serious
violations are observed, the City issues a Notice of Violation (NOV). Stormwater NOVs all include the
same common elements: (1) identification of the violations observed; (2) corrective action required
for each violation; (3) deadlines for implementing or completing each corrective action; and (4) the
dollar amount of civil penalties proposed for each violation. Compliance with required corrective
actions is verified during a follow-up site visit. The facility's compliance or noncompliance with
respect to the corrective actions requirements is taken into consideration when the City issues a civil
penalty.
Where facility inspections reveal potential deficiencies in NPDES stormwater permit compliance, the
City takes the initiative in working with the responsible party to correct those deficiencies. In cases
where repeat issues or serious permit compliance deficiencies are observed, the City contacts the
DEQ Regional Office with reports of the non -compliant facilities.
Our Microsoft Access Inspections Database tracks a facility's priority rank and automatically assigns
the proper inspection frequency. The Database can generate an up -to -the -moment report of facilities
due for inspection based on priority, inspection frequency, and time since most recent inspection.
Separate reports may be generated for private facilities and municipal facilities.
The table below describes additional criteria for assigning facilities currently operating within the City
Limits to these groups. Facilities are occasionally elevated or demoted in priority according to
additional characteristics and observations made by the Water Quality Specialist or Water Quality
Manager.
Table 9-3: Description of facility inspection priority levels, with category totals (as of September
2019).
Risk of
Stormwater Highest
High
Medium
Low
Lowest None
Pollution
Inspection Quarterly
1x per
1x per 2
1x per 3
1x per 5 None
Frequency
year
years
years
years
Number of 0
72
164
101
21 96 454
facilities

9(c) Evaluate Industrial Facilities Discharging Stormwater to the City's MS4
During the reporting period, 144 inspections were conducted at 98 privately -owned facilities. Twenty-
nine inspections were conducted at 22 facilities subject to NPDES stormwater permit requirements.
Ten inspections were conducted at seven No Exposure certified facilities. Three facilities reporting
TRI releases were inspected (each of these facilities is NPDES-permitted). Ninety-eight inspections
were conducted at 66 non-NPDES industrial and light industrial facilities.
Table 9-4: Facilities inside City limits and corresponding number inspected during permit year.
Number•-
Number inspected
•
.- •
• •
Permitted hazardous waste treatment, disposal and
0
N/A
recovery facilities
Facilities that reported releases under section 313 of
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
7
3
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) [toxic release
inventory, (TRI)]
Facilities with an industrial activity permitted in
accordance with 40 CFR 122.26 to discharge
32
22
stormwater to the permittee's MS4
Facilities with No Exposure Certification
27
7
Non-NPDES permitted facilities with industrial or light
industrial activities similar to those permitted under 40
395
69
CFR 122.26
Tota Is
454 * *
98***
*We also maintain limited records for NPDES Stormwater-permitted and non -permitted industrial
facilities outside of the City Limits.
**Adding this column down results in a sum of 461. However, of the 7 TRI-listed facilities, 5
additionally have NPDES Stormwater Permits, 1 has a No Exposure Certification, and 1 is counted as
Non-NPDES. To display the accurate sum, we have subtracted those 7 double -counted facilities to
arrive at an accurate total of 454.
* **Adding this column results in a sum of 101. However, the 3 TRI-listed facilities in the column are
also included in row 3. To display the accurate sum, we have subtracted those 3 double -counted
facilities to arrive at an accurate total of 98.
As discussed in Section (b), we evaluate the Inspection program's effectiveness based on how many
facilities we can shift from High to the Medium and Low priority categories.
99

250
4-
150
CO
0
100
Z
50
2014-2019 Priorty Group Membership
Private - High
Private - Medium
Private - Low
- - - - - High Trend
----- Medium Trend
0 Low Trend
O O O O O O O ;6 O O O O O O O O
N \ N N N \ N N N \ N N N \ N N N \ N N
`4 W W W -4
Figure 9-1: Line chart displaying the number of private facilities assigned to each priority level from
the period 9/2014 through 6/2019. Dashed trendlines are included. The data were collected and
recorded by the inspections database administrator using built-in database functions.
Table 9-5: Highlighted difference in priority level membership between start and end of reporting
period.
Date
High
Medium
Low
No Exposure
No Inspection Needed
Total
Jun-19
72
164
101
21
96
454
Oct-18
67
176
91
19
95
448
Change
+5
- 12
+ 10
+ 2
+ 1
+ 6
As is visible in Figure 9-1, membership of all priority groups has generally tended to decrease over
the past five years. An examination of the recent reporting period in Table 9-21 shows that the
greatest changes were the decrease in Medium and increase in Low priority group memberships. We
observed that the increase in High group membership was a result of elevating non -compliant
Medium priority facilities.
Inspectors issued 16 Notices of Requirement (for first-time violations or minor compliance issues)
and 3 Notices of Violation (for repeat violations or serious compliance issues) during this year. A total

of 28 facilities receiving a Notice were brought into compliance during the permit year (this includes
those facilities receiving a Notice during the previous year, but brought into compliance during this
year). Civil penalties totaling $4,012.03 were assessed during the reporting period.
Inspections Conducted by Facility Type
100
S' G
T
Cn
c
0
0 60
0
Q.
W
50
0
L
40
z
30
20
10
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ova �a� �` \tea �`�� G�J oJ� o�� o�a� �,�
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boo ° �� �� &, Q° K5 0 \�o
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Figure 9-2. Inspections conducted during reporting period, sorted by facility type.
During the reporting period, as illustrated in Figure 9-2, most of the inspectors' efforts were focused
on automotive service facilities, as the High and Medium Priority groups are mostly composed of
these types of activities. Nearly 67% of our facility inventory is composed of automotive service -
related facilities.
Accordingly, 91 of the 144 (— 63%) inspections conducted were at automotive service facilities. Over
all inspections, a total of 43 found varying degrees of non-compliance with City code, 27 of which
were at auto service -related facilities. Auto service -related facilities accounted for 79% of
enforcement actions.
Bil

Where compliance issues were observed at automotive facilities, the most common were:
• Failure to provide secondary containment and cover for automotive fluids, automotive parts, or both
outside exposed to stormwater.
• Failure to have a spill cleanup kit of a size and type required by City guidelines.
• Failure to conduct automotive service inside enclosed shop bays.
• Failure to take timely and appropriate action in cleaning up spills and leaks of automotive fluids.
Highlights of this period's inspections:
19-ISWI-088 - Jorge's Mechanic Shoo
This facility is a 1.6-acre parcel with a two -bay automotive repair garage. In addition to the garage,
there are many outdoor areas on the grounds where non-functional cars have been parked.
Additionally, scrap engines and parts are stored in several outbuildings. While the garage only
occupies a small portion of the overall area, nearly the entire parcel is impacted by automotive
activity.
The facility has consistently been a member of the high -priority inspection group. Previous
inspections over several years identified repeat issues with proper storage of automotive parts and
motor vehicle fluids. Because of the volume of non-functional (scrap and salvage) vehicles onsite,
the operator was required to develop and implement a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan in
accordance with the City's Stormwater Management and Pollution Control Ordinance.
During this reporting period, another routine inspection was performed to ensure the facility was
maintaining compliance. The inspector found the property to be well maintained and perceived it as
a relatively lower pollution risk than during previous visits. The owner of the business had conducted
a large-scale site cleanup and disposed of old unneeded vehicles and parts. He had also continued
to stock spill cleanup supplies and was storing drained scrap parts inside of non -working vehicles to
prevent their exposure to stormwater. The owner had also kept up with his Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan by documenting self -inspections of the parcel.
A few issues were noted, such as several empty quart containers of oil discarded around the
property. One container had still had a small accumulation of oil in it, but it was immediately
disposed of. He was also lacking a signature sheet for his single employee to confirm that they had
been trained on stormwater pollution prevention annually. However, overall, the site was much
improved. It seemed the efforts of past inspections and the education provided by previous
inspectors had resonated with the business owner and led him to proactively ensure his operation
was compliant with the City's Stormwater Management and Pollution Control Ordinance. The current
compliant state of the facility is the culmination of over ten years of inspection program oversight
and cooperation.
19-ISWI-056 and 19-ISWI-082 - General Rental Center
This facility was not previously in our inventory but was identified by field staff during a routine
inspection of an adjacent facility. General Rental Center is a business that rents a wide range of
equipment and event supplies. The operation is housed within a warehouse -style building. There is
additional outdoor storage of heavy excavation equipment and, as our inspector found, containers of
various motor fluids and lubricants. The facility grounds drain overland to a small unnamed tributary
of Ellerbe Creek, located approximately 30 feet north of the property line.
During the inspection, a used oil storage tank and several 55-gallon drums were found placed within
a few feet of the nearby stream bank. Oil was spilled from the top of the tank and one of the 55-
gallon drums. There was also evidence of onsite equipment washing without proper controls to

prevent stormwater contamination. Additionally, the bare earth areas of the facility closest to the
stream were visibly eroding from high -volume facility runoff.
The business owners admitted that they had no prior knowledge of the City's stormwater regulations.
Our inspector provided some general stormwater education and guidance in the form of best
management practices for preventing stormwater pollution. Ultimately, a Notice of Requirement was
issued to the business for improper storage of pollutants and discharge of wastewater from
equipment washing.
Upon follow-up inspection, we found that the used oil tank and 55-gallon drums had been removed
and properly disposed of. There was no contaminated soil visible in the area. A semi -permanent
washing area was constructed by digging a pit, lining it with several layers of poly sheeting and
pumping the wastewater to a container on site. Some stabilization of the ground had been effected
near the stream bank.
Industrial Outfall Screening
The industrial outfall screening program operates year-round and focuses on major outfalls draining
industrial facilities. Facility outfalls are typically selected for screening based on priorities identified
in the City's Industrial Stormwater Inspections Program Standard Operating Procedures document.
Generally, inspection and outfall screening at industrial facilities are prioritized according to that
facility's: type of operation, NPDES permit status, SARA Title III status, and code compliance history.
We also conduct industrial outfall screening as needed to support the investigation of targeted
pollutants.
Additional details and this year's results are available in Section 5(f) of this Annual Report.
New Permit Applications
No facilities were found to be operating without NPDES stormwater permit coverage. No
modifications in contact or location information were required.

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Map prepared by Stormwater & GIS 2019
-y ,E ^
Services, Department of Public 20 _I �9
Works on September 3- 2019.
Informatirn depicted is for reference Industrial
purposes only and is compiled from
the best available sources. The City 5 of Durham assumes no responsibility 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Facilities
CITY OF for error arising from use or misuse of Miles
DURHAM this map -
Figure 9-3: Map of currently operating industrial facilities in the City of Durham. Map created with ArcMap
10.3.19 by Water Quality Specialist using data linked from the City of Durham Stormwater Inspections
Database on 3 September 2019. A higher -resolution version is available upon request.
91

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• r'
Perm it Type
• Individuai
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• NCG200000
• NCG210000
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• No Exposure
Storm Sewersheds
ail{ f n lr •S • City Limits
L_—j CountyBourtdary
Ser prepared a Stormmeat of & CIS 2019 N P a E S
Services, Department of Public
Works on September 3, 2019.
Information depicted is for reference Industrial
purposes only and is compiled from
the best available sources. The City '
of Durham assumes no responsibility 6 6.5 1 2 3 4 Facilities
C ITY O F for error arising from use or misuse of Miles
DURHAM this map.
Figure 9-4: Map of all currently operating NPDES-Permitted facilities in the City of Durham.
91

'KA

10. Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
The City is required to implement certain BMPs (Table 10.1) to evaluate impacts on water quality.
Table 10.1 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring BMPs
BMP
Measurable Goals
Status
Responsible
Position
Maintain a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
(a) Water Quality
Plan. The Plan shall include a schedule for
Completed,
Water Quality
Assessment and
implementing the proposed assessment and monitoring
reviewed annually
Manager
Monitoring Plan
activities.
(b) Water Quality
Maintain and implement the Water Quality Assessment
Ongoing
g g
Water Quality
Monitoring
and Monitoring Plan submitted to DEMLR
Manager
The City has a Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Plan that is intended to evaluate impacts of
non -point sources on water quality, which is reviewed annually and updated as needed to address
emerging issues, gather additional data to inform design or efficacy of other stormwater programs
and determine compliance with TMDLs or other pollutant reduction requirements. The current Plan is
included in each update to the City's Stormwater Management Plan.
The City's core monitoring effort is the Ambient Stream Monitoring program, which includes
chemical, hydrological, and biological water quality indicators. However, some of the monitoring
goals identified during regular monitoring program assessments are better addressed through more
targeted studies, which may include non-standard parameters or intensive monitoring. This multi -
tiered approach to water quality monitoring allows the City to have a program that is flexible and
adaptable to changing priorities, while still allowing for long-term assessment of water quality trends.
Status and highlights of Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring activities are provided below.
Ambient Stream Monitoring:
■ The Ambient Stream Monitoring program continues to be managed on a two-year, rotating cycle. A
map of monitoring locations is provided in Figure 10.1. Sites monitored during calendar years 2018
(Even Year) and 2019 (Odd Year) are shown in Table 10.2 and 10.3, respectively.
■ Benthic macroinvertebrate community assessments are being performed by a state -certified contract
biologist, Eaton Scientific, LS. This contract expires in 2019. It is anticipated that this contract will be
extended through November 2020.
■ A summary of water chemistry results for Calendar Year 2018 is provided in Table 10.4. A summary of
benthic macroinvertebrate community results for Calendar Year 2018 is provided in Table 10.5.
■ Trend analyses were completed at one site in the Neuse River Basin (Eno River at Roxboro Rd (West Pt
on the Eno), EN8.9ER). Parameters analyzed for trends included fecal coliform, turbidity, hardness,
specific conductivity, and the WQU's Water Quality Index (WQI). For EN8.9ER, analysis of 15 years of
records identified significant decreases in specific conductivity. Data from a second site, EN13.3ER
(Eno River at Cole Mill Road), were reviewed but, deemed not suitable for a trend analysis due to the
high number of samples with constituent concentrations reported below laboratory detection limits.
■ Infographics and short videos to summarize 2018 monitoring and other activities within each of the
City's watersheds were published on social media and the City's website.
93

I
1
it EN9.13CRC
rl a
I EN13.3ER
EN10.3WC
I
I I
1H3, ONHC
NH2.3MC
I t1
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' NH105C
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X
EL8.55EC.
I. EL7.1
NH4,4SCTD
S TFS.6TC
TF44TC
■ N
TI
TF3.4TC r�,
i
I N ELl sEG
EL5. iGC V
PN2.4PN
� EC �t
EL8.1
I L
dE2222NNPP
L2NE
■
S11.6SIC
I
{,
Benthic Monitoring Site
■
Ambient Monitoring Site
",,3
Stage/Discharge
INTERSTATE
NC HIGHWAY
-
US HIGHWAY
County Boundary
City Limits
J \
� ! CC2.5CC
Map prepared by Stormwater & GIS Services, Dept N
is or reference
Works on poses only Information depicted
is for reference purposes only &compiled from best
available sources. The City of Durham/Durham County
assumes no responsibility for errors arising from use
CITY OF or misuse of this map. 1.5 075 0 1.5 3
UURHAM Miles
Figure 10.1 Map of Ambient Stream Monitoring locations
M-Ldill1w
pLC' 1 LC
■
LC2.ORBC
2018-2019
Ambient
Monitoring
Sites
M

Table 10.2 2018 Calendar Year Ambient Stream Monitoring (Even Year)
Water Chemistry Monitoring
c
"o
Site
Field
Microbiological
Conventional
Stage or
Stream
Identifier
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Parameters
/ Fecal coliform
Pollutants
Metals
Benthos
Discharge
bacteria
Northeast Cr
NEO.ONE
Sedwick Rd
35.8872
-78.8999
✓
✓
✓
✓
Northeast Cr
NE1.2NE
NC 54
35.9029
-78.8998
✓
✓
✓
✓
Northeast Cr North
NE2.2NP
Meridian Pkwy
35.9112
-78.8950
✓
✓
✓
✓
Prong
c
y
a
L
Sandy Cr
NH3.3SC
Cornwallis Rd
35.9834
-78.9570
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
Ln
Sandy Creek Tributary A
NH1.7SCTA
Ivy Creek Blvd
35.9589
-78.9637
✓
>
3
Third Fork Cr
TFO.OTC
Hwy 751
35.9110
-78.9605
✓
iE
u,
Third Fork Cr
TFI.OTC
Woodcroft Rd
35.9224
-78.9525
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
LL
s
Third Fork Cr Tributary C
TF2.5TCTC
Dover Rd
35.9414
-78.9471
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
m
Third Fork Cr
TF3.4TC
MILK Blvd
35.9516
-78.9448
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
U
a
O
Third Fork Cr
TF4.4TC
Weaver St
35.9653
-78.9132
✓
✓
✓
✓
•
•
Third Fork Cr
TF5.6TC
Forest Hills Park
35.9794
-78.9148
✓
✓
✓
✓
Rock Cr
TF5.1RC
Elmira St
35.9632
-78.9007
✓
✓
✓
✓
Rock Cr Unnamed
TF6.5RCUT
Sima Ave
35.9775
-78.8875
✓
✓
✓
✓
Tributary
Ellerbe Cr
EL1.9EC
Glenn Rd
36.0596
-78.8327
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL7.1EC
Club Blvd
36.1995
-78.8952
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
S Ellerbe Cr Unnamed
EL8.6SECUT
Foster Stand Hunt St
36.0003
-78.9012
✓
✓
a
Tributary
N
N
Eno River
EN4.9ER
Old Oxford Rd
36.0730
-78.8635
✓
m
Eno River
EN8.9ER
West Point on the Eno
36.0716
-78.9101
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
>
3
Eno River
EN13.3ER
Cole Mill Rd
36.0596
-78.9777
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
iF
a)
Y
Crooked Cr
EN9.6CRC
Latta Rd
36.0777
-78.9181
✓
✓
✓
✓
N
c
Warren Cr
EN10.3WC
Horton Rd
36.0574
-78.9265
✓
✓
✓
✓
a
z
T
Lick Cr
LC1.1LC
Southview Rd
35.9778
-78.7501
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
u
Rocky Branch Cr
LC2.ORBC
Kemp Rd
35.9633
-78.7540
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little Lick Cr
LL3.4LLC
Mineral Springs Rd
35.9850
-78.8198
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little Lick Cr Tributary 2
LL4.6LLT2
Lynn Rd
35.9811
-78.8418
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little River
LR9.6LR
Patrick Rd
36.1416
-78.9197
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ = Type of monitoring occurs at this location
• = Type of monitoring does not occur at this location
w

Table 10.3 2019 Calendar Year Ambient Stream Monitoring (Odd Year)
C
Water Chemistry Monitoring
Zn
cc�
Field
Microbiological/
Conventional
Stage or
cD y
Stream
Site Identifier
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Parameters
Fecal coliform
Pollutants
Metals
Benthos
Dischar e
g
�'—
D
bacteria
Crooked Cr
CC2.5CC
Scott King Rd
35.8764
-78.9434
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Northeast Cr
NE1.2NE
NC 54
35.9029
-78.8998
✓
m
N
New Hope Cr
NHO.ONHC
Old Chapel Hill Rd
35.9431
-78.9756
✓
✓
✓
✓
�
m
New Hope Cr
NH3.ONHC
Erwin Rd
35.9796
-79.0016
✓
✓
✓
✓
•
Sandy Cr
NHI.OSC
Garrett Rd
35.9571
-78.9738
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
@
@
Sandy Cr Tributary A
NH1.7SCTA
Ivy Creek Blvd
35.9589
-78.9637
✓
✓
✓
✓
L2
Sandy Cr
NH3.3SC
Cornwallis Rd
35.9834
-78.9570
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
@
a
Sandy Cr Tributary D
NH4.4STDT
Academy Rd
35.9959
-78.9364
✓
✓
✓
✓
o
Mud Cr
NH2.3MC
Pickett Rd
35.9749
-78.9845
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Third Fork Cr
TFI.OTC
Woodcroft Rd
35.9224
-78.9525
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL1.9EC
Glenn Rd
36.0596
-78.8327
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL5.6EC
Midland Terrace
36.0222
-78.8704
✓
✓
✓
✓
Ellerbe Cr
EL7.1EC
Acadia St
36.0199
-78.8952
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
c
N
Goose Cr
EL5.5GC
Camden Ave
36.0248
-78.8609
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
m
CO
;;
Goose Cr
EL8.1GC
Holloway St
35.9942
-78.8842
✓
✓
✓
✓
�5
m
3:
S Ellerbe Cr
EL7.ISEC
Glendale Ave
36.0177
-78.8958
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
i
aD
Y
S Ellerbe Cr
EL8.5SEC
Club Blvd
36.0169
-78.9148
✓
✓
✓
✓
aD
N
_j
S Ellerbe Cr
EL8.6SECUT
Foster Stand Hunt St
36.0003
-78.9012
✓
✓
✓
✓
�
D
Unnamed Tributary
z
u
Eno River
EN8.9ER
Roxboro Rd
36.0716
-78.9101
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Little Lick Cr
LL3.4LLC
Mineral Springs Rd
35.9849
-78.8198
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Panther Creek
PN2.4PN
Burton Road
36.0332
-78.8122
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
-
Stirrup Iron Cr
S11.6SIC
Chin Page Rd
35.8978
-78.8460
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓ = Type of monitoring occurs at this location
• = Type of monitoring does not occur at this location
!r •

Table 10.4 Summary of compliance with water quality criteria for 2018 Ambient Stream Monitoring. Results of concern are in bold type.
Fecal Coliform Dissolved Oxygen
WQI
5-day
Dissolved
Specific
c
(FC) (DO)
BOD
Nutrients
Metals
Turbidity
conductance
tl1
00
p
a�i
N
O_
Watershed Site m
Identifier
�, m � o m ^
ho o o O uu
a� ,
uo �
a� c
uo - m �
(6 WD
o
a - � \
5 bA
a
W U
a
W U
°'
no ^
�
Z
°'
no �
U °
N
(i 3 O .-i J (6
� v
f6
(0
p_
�
�p
cc
> N�--O A E > E
> E
>�+-� E
>� 0
�v
cv
>Z
v
�n
> >.
Q 0
d
U
N
Q
n
Q W
Sandy Cr
NH3.3SC
12
71
1283
75%
0%
8.1
1.9
1.31
0.16
17%
0%
42
25%
240
1293
Third Fork
TFI.OTC
12
71
83%
0%
7.9
1.2
0.96
0.23
17%
0%
51
25%
229
Creek
Third Fork
TF2.5TCTC
12
68
3023
83%
0%
8.8
1.2
1.54
0.20
17%
0%
25
17%
225
a
Creek
c
y
Third Fork
TF3.4TC
12
68
2136
100%
0%
7.4
1.3
1.20
0.20
0%
0%
45
25%
256
m
Creek
m
Third Fork
TF4.4TC
12
65 2960
92%
0%
7.9
1.8
1.18
0.22
17%
0%
43
33%
306
Creek
LLJ
Third Fork
69 2813
1.16
0.18
TF5.6TC
12
92%
8%
7.3
1.1
8%
0%
18
8%
283
-j
Creek
m
coRock
Creek
TF5.1RC
12
61
5370
100%
17%
7.1
1.3
1.04
0.21
25%
0%
34
17%
301
o
Rock Creek
TF6.5RCUT
12
55
2232
83%
25%
5.7
6.9
1.32
0.18
8%
0%
13
0%
432
Northeast
NEO.ONE
11
68
674
64%
18%
6.3
1.6
0.80
0.19
36%
0%
75
55%
190
Creek
Northeast
NE1.2NE
12
68
616
50%
25%
6.0
2.0
0.77
0.20
42%
0%
81
67%
187
Creek
North Prong
NE2.2NP
12
67
702
58%
33%
5.9
1.7
0.76
0.15
0%
0%
74
42%
162
Little River
LR9.6LR
12
89
146
25%
0%
10.0
1.4
0.70
0.08
8%
0%
15
0%
90
Eno River
EN8.9ER
12
89
105
17%
0%
9.5
1.3
0.76
0.07
8%
0%
16
8%
108
Eno River
EN13.3ER
12
90
92
17%
0%
9.1
1.3
0.61
0.05
8%
0%
13
0%
113
a
�
Crooked
EN9.6CRC
12
90
205
25%
0%
9.8
1.7
0.62
0.04
0%
0%
8
0%
147
c
rn
m
Creek
m
Warren Creek
EN10.3WC
12
80
281
42%
8%
7.4
1.3
0.85
0.10
8%
0%
21
8%
197
Ellerbe Creek
EL1.9EC
12
83
225
42%
0%
8.4
1.2
1.85
0.11
0%
0%
9
0%
397
m
s
Ellerbe Creek
EL7.1EC
12
89
110
33%
0%
8.2
1.3
0.61
0.13
17%
0%
9
0%
202
Little Lick
LL3.4LLC
12
70
1011
67%
17%
7.3
1.2
0.79
0.16
33%
0%
37
33%
184
'm
D
Creek
Z
Little Lick
LL4.6LLT2
12
73
1307
58%
0%
11.8
1.3
0.71
0.28
0%
0%
127
50%
266
Creek
Lick Creek
LC1.1LC
11
75
813
73%
9%
8.0
1.4
0.75
0.35
0%
0%
76
45%
173
Rocky Branch
LC2.ORBC
11
79
464
45%
27%
7.7
1.2
0.71
0.07
0%
0%
17
0%
236
M

Table 10.5 Benthic Collections for 2018 (Spring and Summer)
N
o
Watershed
Site
Drainage
Area
Ecore ion 1
g
Sampling
�,
o
E
.`a Mn
:a X
a M
w CO
0 x
y
m
Identifier
(sq. mi.)
method 2
= En
O F
00 S
75
m
0
r-
Third Fork
TFO.OTC
16.1
TB
Qua14
48
95
34
4
7.46
Poor
a `m
0
'2
cc
0 °w'
m
o
Northeast
NEO.ONE
12.9
TB
Qua14
46
67
28
1
7.31
Poor
Little
LR9.6LR
78.2
CSB
Full Scale
76
403
93
27
5.15
Good
EN8.9ER
141.1
CSB
Full Scale
74
286
72
21
5.12
Good
a�
Eno
Good
yCO
�
-j
EN4.9ER
149.3
CSB
Full Scale
67
273
73
20
5.59
Fair
CD
N
Z
,L
L. Lick
LL3.4LLC
6.0
TB
Qua14
52
50
13
1
7.66
Poor
Lick
LC1.1LC
10.8
TB
Qua14
45
88
27
7
5.78
GFaitl
1 Level IV ecoregion, where TB = Triassic Basins; CSB = Carolina Slate Belt
2 Qua14 (small streams) monitored in spring. Full Scale (rivers) monitored in summer.
3 Equivalent to EPT taxa richness (EPT S)
4 Bioclassification calculated using Full Scale (Large Streams) or Qua14 (Small Streams) criteria
N:

Continuing special studies and initiatives:
■ The Upper Neuse River Basin Association (UNRBA) completed monthly monitoring at six City of Durham
locations in the Falls Lake watershed in October 2018. City watersheds in the UNRBA monitoring program
include the Eno River, Ellerbe Creek, Panther Creek, Little River, Lick Creek, and Little Lick Creek. Sampling
occurred once or twice per month for field parameters, nutrients, TSS, BODS, TSS, chlorophyll a, and organic
carbon. High flow (storm) samples have also been collected at these locations. Monitoring data are available
on the UNRBA web site.
The City completed their four-year special study of upper Falls Lake in 2018. This study collected data on the
condition of the upper portion of the reservoir and complemented the UNRBA monitoring efforts. Weekly photic
zone samples were collected through October 31. Samples were collected in the historic channel at two
locations (1-85 and SR 1801) and were analyzed for chlorophyll a, nutrients, physical parameters, organic
carbon, and turbidity. Additional samples were collected for phytoplankton analysis if there were field
indicators of an algal bloom. Five bloom events were documented in 2018, with blue -greens being the
dominant taxa in most samples.
US Geological Survey continued to work on two contracted projects for the City. The first was an investigation of
unknown nitrogen sources to Ellerbe Creek to enhance nutrient loading estimations. The focus has been the
landfill located downstream of the City's water reclamation facility. Monitoring has been completed for this
project. The second project involved the development of recommendations for modifications to the City's
approach to estimating nutrient loading calculations. This project will provide the City with suggestions on how
to modify its' sample collection and modeling methods to reduce the amount of uncertainty in producing these
calculations. The USGS completed water quality monitoring under a wide range of flow conditions in mid-2018
and results are currently being analyzed. City Council approved a contract extension for this project. Analyses
will continue in 2019 with a final report anticipated by 2021.
■ Meritech, Inc. continued to serve as the contracted service provider for laboratory analysis of surface water
and sediment samples. This contract is used to analyze samples collected during Falls Lake monitoring,
investigations and inspections and other special studies. The contract was established in spring 2017 and
expired in April 2019. A new contract for laboratory services will be pursued in 2019-2020.
The City has had an ongoing effort of continuous monitoring of water level and temperature at two locations:
Crooked Creek at Scott King Road and Goose Creek at Camden Avenue. Water depth and temperature are
recorded at 15-minute intervals using data loggers installed in wells at each site. While this project has been
ongoing since approximately 2008, a Quality Assurance Project Plan was developed in 2017 to better define
the project purpose, design, and management. Annual cross-section measurements were begun in 2018 to
help document any changes in channel morphometry that may affect stage readings. Annual stream discharge
measurements will be added to the project in 2019 and will be conducted in late 2019.
■ A special study was performed to determine the utility of a Clemson Beaver Pond Leveler for improving
dissolved oxygen levels below an established beaver dam. Continuous dissolved oxygen data collected during
the summer of 2018 were analyzed in late 2018 and incorporated into a final report that was completed
during spring 2019.
■ Data collections for the Sandy Creek Watershed Characterization study were conducted throughout 2018 and
were completed at the end of 2018. The study included a wide range of non-standard assessments, such as
expanded monitoring of aqueous metals, aqueous pesticides and herbicides, toxicity (midge deformity),
sediment metals and PAHs, stream morphometry, and stream discharge. Results have been incorporated into
a draft report and will be used to support future watershed improvement projects.
■ A workgroup is currently re -assessing the methods used to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI), which has
been used to summarize water chemistry results from the Ambient Stream Monitoring program since 2004.
The revised WQI is intended to be more meaningful to a wider variety of stakeholders. Incremental progress
and results on this project has been presented to the City Environmental Affairs Board at multiple meetings.
Development of the new WQI is scheduled to be completed in 2020.
■ Standard Operating Procedures are being developed for monitoring activities. These SOPs meet the content
and format requirements described in EPA and APWA guidance documents and supports a three-year initiative
by the City's Public Works Department to obtain certification under APWA.
99

■ The WQU provided continued technical support to Duke University students who are conducting a series of
quantitative surveys of trash and litter in streams across Durham.
■ The special study, `Toxicity Potential in Stream Sediments' was initiated with the development and approval of
a QAPP. Data will be collected on midge deformity (rate and severity) and concentrations of sediment
chemicals that have sediment toxicity values (e.g., metals and PAHs). Two toxicity indicators, midge deformity
scores and sediment toxic chemical metrics, will then be analyzed to assess the comparability of these two
methods. The goal of this special study is to see if midge deformity analysis can be used as a cost-effective
surrogate to sediment chemical analyses for determining potential toxicity in stream sediment deposits.
■ A study plan was developed and implemented to quantify pollutant removal rates for the City's street sweeping
program that focused on metals, nutrients, organic carbon, and PAHs. Sample collections and laboratory
processing occurred in November 2018 and June 2019.
New studies and initiatives:
Calculations of annual loading were completed for Total Phosphorus, Nitrate plus Nitrite, and Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen for Third Fork Creek (2014-2018), Eno River (2014-2018), and Sandy Creek (2014-2018)
watersheds using LOADEST. Water chemistry data were obtained from multiple agencies: City of Durham
(Ambient Stream Monitoring program), UNRBA (Falls Lake tributary monitoring), and the NC Department of
Environmental Quality (state ambient monitoring system). Daily stream discharge data were obtained from
USGS. The Mean, Lower 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and Upper 95% Cl for annual loading (lb./yr.) were
calculated for each site for Total Phosphorus (Table 10.6), Nitrate plus Nitrite (Table 10.7) and Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen (Table 10.8). The very wide confidence intervals seen for the annual values for Total Phosphorus,
Nitrate plus Nitrite, and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen are an example of the high uncertainty involved with these
types of calculations.
Table 10.6 Total Phosphorus annual loading (Ibs./yr.) for Third Fork Creek, Eno, and Sandy Creek watersheds
TFI.OTC - Third Fork Creek EN8.9ER - Eno River NH3.3SC - Sandy Creek
Drainage area = 14.8 mi.2 Drainage area = 141 mi.2 Drainage area = 4.7 mi.2
Year Mean Lower 95% Upper Mean Lower Upper Mean Lower Upper
CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI
2015 7,648 4,674 11,905 16,108 10,180 24,440 2,278 1,082 4,270
2016 9,218 5,131 15,549 15,604 9,904 23,798 1,959 887 3,928
2017 5,720 3,140 9,801 16,490 8,816 28,950 1,607 721 3,163
2018 15,196 8,625 1 25,225 30,607 17,352 51,010 4,309 1,773 9,030
Table 10.7 Nitrate plus Nitrite annual loading (Ibs./yr.) for Third Fork Creek, Eno, and Sandy Creek watersheds
TFI.OTC
- Third Fork Creek
EN8.9ER - Eno River
NH3.3SC - Sandy Creek
Drainage area = 14.8 mi.2
Drainage
area = 141
mi.2
Drainage area = 4.7 mi.2
Year
Mean
Lower 95%
Upper
Mean
Lower
Upper
Mean
Lower
Upper
CI
95% CI
95% CI
95% CI
95% CI 95% CI
2014
19,381
18,787
18,537
11,275
25,080
4,808
5,042
4,342
2,469
5,598
55,105
50,581
54,893
34,592
75,708
89,233
88,955
84,379
57,382
109,594
37,537
35,386
37,479
21,559
41,724
184,142
196,418
175,402
136,196
246,930
6,086
6,072
5,210
4,270
11,952 1
2,429
2,825
2,281
1,858
4,780
12,902
11,559
10,709
8,584
25,559
2015
2016
2017
2018
Table 10.8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen annual loading (Ibs./yr.) for Third Fork Creek, Eno, and Sandy Creek watersheds
TFI.OTC
- Third Fork Creek
EN8.9ER - Eno River
NH3.3SC
- Sandy Creek
Drainage area = 21.9
mi.2
Drainage area = 141
mi.2
Drainage
area = 4.7 mi.2
Year
Mean
Lower 95%
Upper
Mean
Lower
Upper
Mean
Lower
Upper
CI
95% CI
95% CI
95% CI
95% CI 95% CI
2014
30,105
16,174
51,894
97,535
64,910
141,548 9,810
4,846
17,911
2015
35,138
19,496
58,949
115,733
78,766
165,060 11,067
6,206L
18,358
2016
47,740
24,731
85,124
112,367
77,069
160,1910,390
5,660
18,055
2017
30,149
15,490
54,406
107,972
65,614
170,861 9,280
5,021
15,918
2018
57,684
30,497
101,014
194,193
121,752
297,944 26,975
13,118
50,063
Plans for the coming year:
100

■ Data analysis of results from sediment sampling will be conducted to determine pollutant removal rates
provided by the City's street sweeping program. A completed draft report is anticipated in summer 2020.
■ Samples of stream sediments will be collected in the summer of 2019 for the Toxicity Potential in Stream
Sediments project. Data analysis for the project may proceed mid to late 2020.
■ A new contract will be signed with the USGS through 2021 to continue operation of the stream discharge and
precipitation gauges throughout the City. The contract will go through the City Council approval process and is
anticipated to be signed in fall, 2019.
■ A report is expected to be completed in late 2019 that summarizes monitoring results from the USGS study
that investigated unknown nitrogen sources to Ellerbe Creek.
101

11. Total Maximum Daily Load Programs
The City of Durham is currently subject to two Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) covering City receiving
waters with approved Waste Load Allocations (WLAs) assigned to the City's MS4. Reporting under the
previous permit included Water Quality Recovery Program updates for the Northeast and Third Fork Creek
watersheds in the Cape Fear River Basin.
A chlorophyll a TMDL for Jordan Lake was approved in 2007. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL are
expressed as 336,079 pounds per year of total nitrogen and 23,106 pounds per year of total phosphorus.
Target reductions are not expressed specifically for Northeast or Third Fork Creeks but are expressed as
loads to the Upper New Hope Arm of Jordan Lake. A specific plan for Jordan Lake is not included in this
annual report due to the Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy rules.
This section follows the guidance provided in the 2018 NPDES Stormwater permit and highlights programs
within the six minimum measures for NPDES Phase II permits. Annual reporting for both TMDL watersheds
also includes updates for measures that are not categorized as one of the six minimum measures.
Additional measures are listed under the heading "Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures" in
Sections 11(a) and 11(b).
In January 2018, the Water Quality Group began the process of updating the City's TMDL Response Plans by
holding a series of meetings with various City and County departments. The first round of meetings was
brainstorming sessions that encouraged all meeting attendees to submit new ideas for response plan
measures, identify ways to improve current measures, and identify measures that are being implemented
and may not be reported in the NPDES Annual Report. During the summer of 2018, several meetings were
held with workgroups in each department that would be responsible for helping with or managing the
implementation of the proposed TMDL Response Plan measures. After receiving review comments from
multiple workgroups, the TMDL Response Plans for Northeast Creek and Third Fork Creek were finalized in
March of 2019 and are included in the City's Stormwater Management Plan.
Under the current permit, TMDL reporting, in the form of updates and tracking for the current TMDL
Response Plans, is provided in Sections 11(a) and 11(b). For the 2018-2019 reporting period, all planned
measures are listed with their projected timeline for implementation ranging from one permit cycle (5 years)
to three permit cycles (15 years). There are no metric results reported for the planned measures because
the measure is not yet implemented; however, specific metrics and metric tracking methods are being
developed. The measures that were completed or fully implemented in prior years can be found in the City's
previous NPDES annual reports.
11(a) Northeast Creek TMDL for Fecal Coliform Bacteria
A fecal coliform bacteria TMDL for Northeast Creek was approved in 2003. The pollution reduction for this
TMDL is expressed as a load of colonies and as a percent load reduction. A maximum load of 1.12x1011
colonies per day is required in Northeast Creek or a 92 percent reduction to the baseline load (1997-2001).
Table 11.1 EPA approved TMDL for the Northeast Creek Watershed
Description of area
DWQ Assessment
Unit(s)
Stream
Classification(s)
TMDL Parameter
TMDL
EPA Approval Date
Northeast Creek
16-41-1-17-(0.7)a
WS-IV NSW.
Fecal coliform
1.12x1011 colonies
September 12,
from NC Highway
16-41-1-17-
Potable water
bacteria
per day
2003
55 to a point 0.5
(0.7)b2
supply, Nutrient
miles downstream
Sensitive Water
of Panther Creek
NSW. Nutrient Sensitive Water
WS. Water Supply classification
102

Table 11.2 Water quality standards for fecal coliform bacteria
Parameter
Administrative Code Section
Standards for Class C Waters
Fecal coliform
15A NCAC 02B .0211 (3)(e)
Organisms of the coliform group: fecal coliforms shall not exceed a geometric
bacteria
mean of 200/100ml (MF count) based upon at least five consecutive samples
examined during any 30-day period, nor exceed 400/100ml in more than 20
percent of the samples examined during such period. Violations of the fecal
coliform standard are expected during rainfall events and, in some cases, this
violation is expected to be caused by uncontrollable nonpoint source pollution.
All coliform concentrations are to be analyzed using the membrane filter
technique unless high turbidity or other adverse conditions necessitate the tube
dilution method; in case of controversy over results, the MPN 5-tube dilution
technique shall be used as the reference method;
The Phase II Minimum Control Measures are described in earlier sections of this document. TMDL response
plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described below.
Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for
Northeast Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed prior to October 1,
2018, please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports on the City's website. The items listed below
were implemented in addition to the existing public education and outreach program that includes teacher
training, presentations at schools, participation in community events, and other opportunities that bring
Stormwater staff into contact with the residents of Durham. When there are items that can be regularly
posted, utilizing the Department of Public Works social media accounts is another method of informing the
public and reaching many people quickly.
Table 11.3 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s)
Area Impacted or Number of People
Implementation
Targeted
Reached
Date
Distribution of materials to target groups
Nutrients, Grease,
Landscaping contractors,
2012 - present
Sediment, Bacteria,
construction industry, fiber installers,
Oil
plumbers, restaurants, auto industry.
Presentations to school groups at
Nutrients, Grease,
30 students
March 8, 2019 and
Pearsontown Elementary
Sediment, Bacteria,
May 24, 2019
Oil
Distribute educational material on proper
Bacteria
3 water quality investigations related
Ongoing
maintenance of private sewer laterals to
to private sewage issues
encourage homeowners to take care of
laterals.
A general measure that addresses all bacterial pollution sources is a media campaign to motivate the public
to take specific actions that reduce sources of fecal coliform bacteria. The outcome measures for this
planned media campaign may be quantified using attendance numbers for in -person outreach events,
webpage viewing metrics, social media likes, and the number of educational material posts shared on social
media accounts. An additional measure planned for public education and outreach in Northeast Creek is to
distribute educational materials on pet waste management to owners of private dog parks and dog kennels.
Table 11.4 Public education and outreach measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Pollutant(s)
Area Impacted or
Projected
Targeted
Number of People
Implementation
Reached
Timeline
103

Bacteria I To be determined 1 2018 - 2023
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the public to take specific
actions that reduce sources of fecal coliform bacteria through the
City's website, online videos (e.g. YouTube), social media accounts,
Waterways newsletter, Clean Water Education Partnership (CWEP)
handouts, and other methods.
Bacteria I To be determined 1 2018 - 2023
Identify the number and location of private dog parks
(neighborhood, apartment, HOA) and dog kennel facilities in the
Northeast Creek watershed. Provide educational materials on pet
waste management.
Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Northeast Creek watershed have generally revolved around the
watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to the TMDL Response
Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table 11.5. There are no new
measures for Public Participation and Involvement as part of the TMDL Response Plan for Northeast Creek.
Table 11.5 Public participation and involvement measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of SCM
Purpose
Area Impacted or
Implementation Date
Number of People
Reached
Support for Northeast Creek Stream Watch - several
Leverage community
60+ annually
2013-present
cleanups per year, educational hikes, use of aquatic
leaders to expand
animal puppets to raise awareness, tabling at events,
outreach in theta rget
involve local youth group in stewardship
area.
Presentation of the draft TMDL Response Plan for
Inform the EAB on the
15
January 16, 2019
Northeast Creek to the Durham City -County
TMDL and seek feedback
(including City and
Environmental Affairs Board
on the TMDL Response
County staff)
Plan process.
Creek Week event was held at Lowe's Grove Middle
Highlight the importance
30
March 19, 2019
School with student and staff participation, community
of the Creek Week
organization tabling, and a water quality speaker
participation and
involvement efforts
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the Stormwater
Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division. The IDDE program is
instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of fecal coliform bacteria, especially from human sources
such as the City's sanitary sewer system, private sewer laterals, and septic systems. In addition to
conducting water quality investigations, another measure currently implemented through the IDDE program
is listed below in Table 11.6.
104

Table 11.6 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation Date
Conduct weekend enforcement patrols in the Northeast
Number of weekend
1 (85
2018
Creek watershed.
enforcement patrols
locations
conducted
visited)
Number of bacteria -related
0
2018
investigations conducted
As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.7 lists the new IDDE measures that are planned in Northeast
Creek. The City's Stormwater Quality Unit will conduct cross -training sessions with the Zoning Enforcement
Unit in the City -County Planning Department and develop a routine stream -walk program, which are
measures aimed at identifying and eliminating more sources of fecal coliform bacteria in Northeast Creek.
Table 11.7 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Routine stream -walk program to target the main
Number of bacteria -related
To be
2018 - 2023
stem and tributaries with historically higher
investigations conducted
determined
incidences of illicit discharges. Also, inspect major
outfalls (greater than 36" diameter pipe) for sources
of fecal coliform bacteria.
Number of stream miles walked
To be
2018 - 2023
determined
Conduct cross -training for the Zoning Enforcement
Number of cross -training events
To be
2018 - 2023
and Water Quality IDDE groups to improve
determined
communication between departments on sanitary
sewer and septic system issues observed in the
field.
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Northeast Creek watershed have been relatively
low over the past five years. Categories related to sewage for the last five years are listed below. These
categories were selected since they are most likely to describe sources of pollution with significant fecal
bacteria content.
Table 11.8 Northeast Creek illicit discharge investigations involving sewage or sanitary waste.
Reporting
Period
Septic
Systems
Discharging
Sand Filters
Private Sewer
Laterals
Wash Water
Discharges
Sanitary Sewer
Overflows
Sewer Leaks
and Breaks
Total
2018-2019
1
0
3
0
0
0
4
2017-2018
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
2016-2017
0
0
3
1
3
0
7
2015-2016
0
0
4
0
1
0
5
2014-2015
1
1
2
0
0
0
4
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE component
of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely to be obscured by
vegetation. The program attempts to inspect and screen outlets according to the federal regulations. In
general, winter screening assesses larger drainage areas, roughly 50 acres, in non -industrial areas and so
the entire City's MS4 can be evaluated within a roughly 5-year period. Summer screening is intended to
target small drainage areas within downtown and the area immediately surrounding downtown, but it has
also re -visited outfalls that previously had illicit discharges. Northeast Creek was sampled for dry weather
outfall screening during the 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2014-2015, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 reporting
105

years. A map of outfall screening locations in Northeast Creek is provided in Figure 11.1 below. Five
investigations were conducted as a result of outfall screening efforts in Northeast Creek; however, no
bacteria -related sources were found or eliminated.
Table 11.9 Northeast Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting Period
Activity during Reporting Period
2018-2019
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened from October 2018 through February 2019. A
total of 176 outfalls were screened.
2017-2018
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened in July and August of 2018. A total of 33
outfalls were screened.
2014-2015
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October and December 2014. A total
of 132 outfalls were screened.
2009-2010
Most major and minor outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October 2009 and
March 2010. A total of 203 outfalls were screened.
2008-2009
Major outfalls in the Northeast Creek watershed were screened between October 2008 and March 2009. A
total of 120 outfalls were screened.
106

1 9 1 d /1 1 /\ 9/ 1 1 r1 • ■ 1 A A J A / A J
NUFUled5t UlttK UUZTdII 0L;1tU11111q
lVldp LU I O-LU I y
N
Little
Lick Creek
TF4.4TC
O TF5.1RC
O
�. TF5.3RC��--
p..
_
..�
TF3.4TC
O 8
Third Fork Creek
o ° o o°
O °
o
0 0°
8 000
o
TF2.5TCTC
� O
p
° °CPO 9 O
O
O °
7
O (0 00 ®O
$° O
° ° O O°
C
O
°O
O pp
00 O 00 p O
O °O
O
O
09 O Om
(9
O NE2.2NP
O
°
°O 1°o
o Nheeast Creek
Ole
00 NE1.2NE
O �O O
F coCID°
°
O
511.651C
O p
a0
O O
00 (50
O
h p°
a
° O NE&ONE
°
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° ° 0
°
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CC2.
° O
B
O
�
O ° J
�r p
q, CID
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-----------
0 NE Creek Proposed Outfalls 201 B-2019
ODurhamAmbient
LAKE', RESERVOIR
0
0-5 1
2 Miles
Q Northeast Creek Watershed
RIVER
I I
I I I I
I I I
Storm Sewersheds
SWAMP
City Limits
Streams
RTP
Roads
County Boundary
Figure 11.1 Map of outfalls selected within the Northeast Creek watershed for dry weather screening during
the 2018-2019 screening seasons.
107

Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
Additional activities were not planned or completed as part of this measure. Construction site runoff
activities are described in Section 6.
Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Northeast Creek watershed for many years due to
the water supply watershed program. Currently, the City's Stormwater Performance Standards for
Development states that all development which constructs stormwater control measures in order to comply
with the ordinance and which is located in an area that is subject to a state -approved Total Maximum Daily
Load for bacteria shall be required to have at least one SCM for each stormwater discharge that is rated as
medium or high which for its ability to remove bacteria from stormwater. The "medium" or "high" removal
abilities for bacteria equate to fair, good, or excellent in the North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure
Credit Document. The North Carolina Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the
nutrient and total suspended solids reduction values attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina.
As of August 8, 2019, approximately 84 known maintained SCMs exist in the Northeast Creek watershed. As
shown below in Table 11.11, 46 of the 84 SCMs in Northeast Creek are classified as having medium to high
removal ability, which equates to fair, good, or excellent removal ability for fecal coliform under DWR's new
methodology. A map showing the SCM locations in Northeast Creek is provided in Figure 11.2 below.
Removing fecal coliform is difficult and some SCMs have been shown to provide an environment that
supports bacterial regrowth. Of the SCMs listed in Table 11.10, bioretention cells are considered to have the
highest ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria.
Table 11.10 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Northeast Creek
watershed constructed to provide treatment of runoff from new
development sites
SCM Type
Number in the
Northeast Creek
Watershed
Fecal Coliform
Removal Ability
Bioretention area
8
Excellent
Constructed wetland
2
Good
Dry pond
23
Poor
Level spreader
12
Poor
Sand filter
11
Good
Filterra
1
Good
Underground storage
3
Poor
Wet pond
24
Fair
Total
84
W.

Table 11.11 Post -construction stormwater management measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
All development which is located in an area that is subject to a
Number of SCMs rated
46
Ongoing
TMDL for fecal coliform bacteria shall be required to have at least
as medium or high
one SCM for each stormwater discharge that is rated as medium
or high for its ability to remove bacteria from stormwater (City
code 70-741(d)).
The planned measure for post -construction stormwater management would require developers to include
pet waste receptacles in residential development site plans, which requires the City Council and the County
Board of Commissioners to approve an amendment to the Unified Development Ordinance.
Table 11.12 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Require developers to include pet waste receptacles
Requirement for pet waste
To be
2023 - 2028
in new residential development.
receptacles implemented in
determined
Comprehensive Plan or UDO
109

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i Oak Gity Limits G Proprietary Device
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.County Boundary ® System
Q Unknown SCM Sand Filter
Q, Bioretention Area —Sand Filter -
V Constructed Wetland J Underground
Dry Pond 13StormFilter
CITY OF 0 0_75 1.5 3 Filterra QUnderground Storage
DURHAM Miles • Wet Pond
Figure 11.2 Stormwater Control Measures located within the Northeast Creek watershed in the City of
Durham.
110

Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department currently inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater
drainage system. Although the measure listed in Table 11.13 is currently implemented by the Public Works
Operations Division, the measure has not been tracked in the past for the purposes of the TMDL Response
Plan. Public Works staff are developing methods for tracking the number of work orders for stormwater
inspection and maintenance activities that occur in the Northeast Creek watershed. Metric results will be
reported after the tracking methods are in place. New measures are not planned as part of Pollution
Prevention and Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations in this watershed.
Table 11.13 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently Implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation Date
Conduct routine inspections
Number of closed work orders associated
To be determined
Ongoing
and maintenance of
with stormwater inspection and maintenance
stormwater catch basins.
activities
Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the NPDES
six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are grouped by the
City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures. The additional programs
with measures (implemented and planned) that apply to the Northeast Creek TMDL Response Plan are listed
as Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting, Stormwater Quality, Water Management, and
Environmental Health.
Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated into the
Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the Phase II minimum measures, this program does
provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks.
Table 11.14 Watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Timeline
Review the Northeast Creek Watershed Improvement Plan (WIP)
Number of SCMs
To be
2028 - 2033
and implement the construction of SCMs identified in the WIP
planned for
determined
that address fecal coliform bacteria.
construction
Number of SCMs
To be
2028 - 2033
constructed
determined
In the Northeast Creek watershed, 14 rain gardens were added as retrofits to existing residential properties.
Rain gardens have a high potential ability to remove fecal coliform bacteria. Staff re -inspect the previously
installed rain gardens and track them to determine if they are still active. There are currently 6 residential
rain gardens in the Northeast Creek watershed.
Table 11.15 Retrofit SCMs for existing development in the
Northeast Creek watershed
Number in the
Fecal Coliform
SCM Type
Northeast Creek
Removal Ability
Watershed
Residential Rain Gardens
6
High'
111

Table 11.15 Retrofit SCMs for existing development in the
Northeast Creek watershed
Number in the
Fecal Coliform
SCM Type
Northeast Creek
Removal Ability
Watershed
Total
6
(1) Ability based on filtration device.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed Planning staff
in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.16 Retrofit projects currently implemented in the Northeast Creek watershed
Project Name
(Cost)
Description of Project
Area Treated
Implementation
Date
2018-2019 Project
Update
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham
6,054 sq ft (Total area
2014
This project is being
SCMs in the City
Soil and Water Conservation District
treated for project.
continued and
of Durham
to fund SCMs using the CCAP
Area treated in
expanded. Specific sites
($9,978)
program. Annual inspections of each
Northeast Creek to be
for the SCMs have not
device installed under this contract
determined)
been determined.
will continue.
Other updates regarding non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and stormwater
retrofitting are described below:
No Mow Pilot Study - As part of the Riparian Area Management Plan for the Watershed Improvement
Plan Program, City -owned and maintained property and utility easements are evaluated for
opportunities to protect or enhance riparian buffers. The Public Works Department worked in
collaboration with the Department of Water Management to examine the feasibility of expanding the
vegetated buffers on streams near sewer easements. Increasing the width of vegetation along the
stream by moving the mowing line away from the stream bank should reduce erosion thereby
improving stream bank stability and water quality. A pilot project was launched to increase the
vegetation along stream banks by reducing the amount of mowed area on the stream side of these
easements. Work to identify sites and coordinate with Water Management Department staff began
in 2014. The No Mow sites were established in 2017. No Mow areas were established along three
sections of sewer easements near stream banks in Ellerbe Creek (0.15 mile), Little Lick Creek (0.20
mile), and Northeast Creek (0.29 mile). The pilot areas are being monitored for effectiveness and
compatibility with City maintenance protocols. Initial monitoring involved qualitatively assessing the
vegetation and other physical attributes in the No Mow areas prior to installing No Mow signs for the
project. The change in surface area of the vegetated buffer for each pilot site will be measured over
time, along with the continued evaluation of the vegetation and stream bank condition. Public Works
staff plan to measure and record the surface area of the vegetated buffer, from the top of the stream
bank to the new mowing line, that is established over time. If the pilot study is found to be effective,
establishing No Mow areas along sewer easements will be considered. These expanded no -mow
riparian areas could help filter out animal waste in surficial runoff from reaching Northeast Creek
surface waters. For example, higher riparian grasses could provide more removal of feces from
waterfowl (e.g., Canadian Geese) by inhibiting activity and nesting directly adjacent to the creek. City
staff anticipate that these areas will continue to be monitored as part of the New Hope Creek & Little
Creek Watershed Improvement Plan during the 2019-2020 reporting period.
112

Stormwater Quality
The Public Works Department's Stormwater Quality Unit is responsible for implementing three planned
measures shown below in Table 11.17. The Stormwater Quality Unit will coordinate with the Stormwater
Development Review Group to research state and federal regulations and successful methods of geese
management programs in other areas. Once geese management guidance materials are developed, this
measure may be tracked by the number of educational and guidance materials that are distributed to
homeowners associations and neighborhood communities. The Stormwater Quality Unit also plans to explore
the use of UV light treatment devices in culverts and stormwater catch basins to target multiple sources of
fecal coliform bacteria. A microbial source tracking (MST) study is planned in Northeast Creek as a special
study under the New Hope Creek and Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan. The MST study is scheduled
for the 2020 calendar year.
Table 11.17 Stormwater quality measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Management program for Canada Geese to control
Number of geese
To be
2023-2028
population and proximity to water, which may include
management guidance
determined
non-SCM lakes and ponds.
materials distributed
Explore UV treatment devices in culverts or stormwater
Number of UV treatment
To be
2023-2028
catch basins to reduce fecal coliform bacteria in
devices installed and
determined
baseflow or low turbidity water.
operating
Conduct a second microbial source tracking (MST) study
MST study completed
To be
2023-2028
and compare results to the first BST study completed for
and results compared
determined
Northeast Creek
Water Management
The City's Water Management Department has been implementing several bacteria -reducing measures for
many years that have not been previously tracked for the Northeast Creek TMDL Response Plan. Water
Management Department's Water and Sewer Maintenance Division is responsible for inspecting the sanitary
sewer system for leaks, stopping sanitary sewer overflows, repairing sanitary sewer lines, and cleaning up
sewer spills from pipes, manholes, and pump stations. Water Management's Industrial Pretreatment
Program is responsible for educating the public about the proper disposal of Fats, Oils & Grease (FOG) and
nonwoven products, and inspecting grease interceptors at food service establishments, assisted living
centers, and hotels. Public Works staff and Water Management staff are currently developing tracking
methods for the measures listed in Table 11.18. Therefore, some metric results will be determined after the
tracking methods have been developed.
Table 11.18 Water Management measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Inspect sewer lines and pump stations to
Number of sewer line flushing and camera
To be
Ongoing
identify and respond to sewage releases in early
inspection work orders completed
determined
stage.
Number of routine pump station inspections
288
Ongoing
Identify sewer rehabilitation areas based on
Number of sewer rehabilitation projects
To be
Ongoing
routine inspection and prioritize sewer lines to
completed
determined
be repaired.
Education campaign for the proper disposal of
Number of nonwoven products and FOG
670
Ongoing
nonwoven products (also called flushable wipes)
education mailings
and FOG (fats, oils, and grease).
Number of digital and TV ads
3
Ongoing
113

Number of outreach events 1 2 1 Ongoing
Number of commercial grease traps 944* Ongoing
inspected
*Total number reported for the City. Future reporting will include the numbers for the Northeast Creek watershed.
Environmental Health
The County's Environmental Health Division is responsible for inspection of on -site wastewater systems
(septic systems) and enforcement of regulations for failing septic systems. The Environmental Health
Division currently sends educational mailers on proper septic system maintenance to all homeowners with
septic systems in Durham County. Environmental Health's educational outreach effort is in its fourth year
with each year targeting a quarter of the number of properties with septic systems. Table 11.19 lists the
metric results as the total number for Durham County and the total number for the Northeast Creek
watershed.
Table 11.19 Environmental Health measures currently implemented in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
Distribute educational mailings on proper
Number of mailers sent
2500 (county -wide);
Ongoing
maintenance of septic systems to
19 in Northeast Creek
homeowners with septic systems.
Number of responses from residents
162 (county -wide)*
Ongoing
Number of residents requesting
86 (county -wide)*
Ongoing
additional information on septic system
maintenance
*Specific numbers for Northeast Creek are not available for these metrics. These metrics will be tracked for Northeast Creek results
in future annual reports.
The Environmental Health Division plans to identify failing septic systems in the Northeast Creek watershed
by contacting residents by letter and following up with site visits. Environmental Health staff plan to track the
number of unpermitted septic and sand filter systems that are reported to NCDEQ beginning in July of 2019.
The Environmental Health Division will also coordinate with the City's Stormwater & GIS Division and the
Engineering Services Division to develop a cost -share option for owners of failing septic systems that need
assistance with connecting a private sewer service to the City's sanitary sewer system.
Table 11.20 Environmental Health measures planned in Northeast Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Conduct a community survey to identify failing
Number of failing subsurface
To be determined
2018-2023
subsurface systems
systems
Notify NCDEQ of all existing, unpermitted
Number of unpermitted discharge
To be determined
2018-2023
discharge systems (septic and sand filter
systems identified and sent to
systems)
NCDEQ
Repair or replace existing septic systems
Number of existing septic systems
To be determined
2018-2023
located within city limits that are failing or
repaired or replaced
leaking. Provide a cost -share option as an
incentive to connect to the City's sanitary sewer
system.
Number of residents that received
To be determined
2018-2023
cost -share assistance
114

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring/Water Quality Status
Tracking has been performed primarily at the point where Northeast Creek crosses Sedwick Road, far
upstream of the compliance point. Sedwick Road offers a convenient location to evaluate City of Durham
and Durham County progress, without interference from other counties or the Durham County WWTP.
Sedwick Road is a current monitoring location for the City of Durham (NEO.ONE) and was a former
monitoring location for the Upper Cape Fear River Basin Association (UCFRBA) at B3300000. Future
comparisons may be made downstream at the compliance point, assuming state data is readily available for
the same time frame. However, the compliance point is not the best location to track the impact City actions
have on fecal coliform levels in Northeast Creek.
As of 2018, there is an overall trend towards worsening fecal coliform levels in Northeast Creek at Sedwick
Road. The USGS Seasonal Kendall trend test was performed using monthly monitoring data from 2000
through 2018. The NC Division of Water Resources used geometric mean concentrations of fecal coliform
calculated using the monthly monitoring data to place waters on the 303(d) list. Geometric mean
concentrations were compared to the benchmarks in the water quality standard, even though data were not
collected consistent with the standard. The City did not monitor the Northeast Creek watershed in 2015 and
2017, so a water quality update is not provided for that year. The UCFRBA monitoring station at B3300000
was discontinued in 2015; therefore, UCFRBA data is not included in geometric mean calculations after
2014.
Table 11.21 2000 to 2018 Fecal coliform levels at
Sedwick Road, cfu/100mL
Year
Geometric Mean
Percent greater
than 400
2000
300
33%
2001
138
25%
2002
123
25%
2003
100
8%
2004
461
50%
2005
85
21%
2006
164
21%
2007
106
18%
2008
232
29%
2009
164
23%
2010
130
19%
2011
116
17%
2012
135
29%
2013
145
33%
2014
238
33%
20151
n/a
n/a
20162
410
42%
20171
n/a
n/a
20182
674
64%
115

Table 11.21 2000 to 2018 Fecal coliform levels at
Sedwick Road, cfu/100mL
Percent greater
Year
Geometric Mean
than 400
'Northeast Creek was not monitored by the City in 2015 or 2017.
22016 and 2018 geometric mean calculations only include City of
Durham data for monitoring site NEO.ONE.
11(b) Third Fork Creek TMDL for Turbidity
A turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek was approved in 2005. The pollutant reductions for this TMDL are
expressed as pounds per year of total suspended solids (TSS). A maximum TSS load of 0.75 tons per day is
required in Third Fork Creek.
Table 11.22 EPA Approved TMDL for Third Fork Creek
Description of area
DWQ Assessment
Stream
TMDL Parameter
TMDL
EPA Approval
Unit(s)
Classification(s)
Date
Third Fork Creek from two
16-41-1-12-(2)
WS-IV NSW.
Turbidity/TSS
0.75 tons per
January 11,
miles upstream of Highway
Potable water
day of TSS
2005
54 to New Hope Creek.
supply, Nutrient
Sensitive Water
Table 11.23 Water Quality Standard for Turbidity
Parameter
Administrative Code Section
Standards for Class C Waters
Turbidity
15A NCAC 02B
Turbidity: the turbidity in the receiving water shall not exceed 50 Nephelometric
.0211 (3)(k)
Turbidity Units (NTU) in streams not designated as trout waters and 10 NTU in
streams, lakes or reservoirs designated as trout waters; for lakes and reservoirs not
designated as trout waters, the turbidity shall not exceed 25 NTU; if turbidity
exceeds these levels due to natural background conditions, the existing turbidity
level shall not be increased. Compliance with this turbidity standard can be met
when land management activities employ Best Management Practices (BMPs) [as
defined by Rule .0202 of this Section] recommended by the Designated Nonpoint
Source Agency [as defined by Rule .0202 of this Section]. BMPs must be in full
compliance with all specifications governing the proper design, installation,
operation, and maintenance of such BMPs;
The Phase II Minimum Control Measures are described in earlier sections of this document. TMDL response
plan measures that are within the six Minimum Control Measures are described below.
Public Education and Outreach
Education and demonstration projects are included in the public education and outreach program for Third
Fork Creek. For public education and outreach measures that were completed prior to October 1, 2018,
please refer to the City's previous NPDES annual reports. Those items listed below were implemented in
addition to the existing public education and outreach program that includes teacher training, presentations
at schools, participation in community events, and other opportunities that bring Stormwater staff into
contact with the residents of Durham. When there are items that can be regularly posted, utilizing the
Department of Public Works social media accounts is another method of informing the public and reaching
many people quickly.
Table 11.24 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or Number of People Reached
Implementation
Date
Distribution of materials to
Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Landscaping contractors, restaurants,
2012-present
Grease, Oil, Sediment,
construction industry, fiber installers,
116

Table 11.24 Public education and outreach measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of SCM
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or Number of People Reached
Implementation
Date
target groups
Bacteria
plumbers, auto industry
A general measure that addresses many sediment pollution sources is a media campaign to motivate the
public to take specific actions that reduce sources of turbidity and sediment. The outcome measures for this
planned media campaign may be quantified using attendance numbers for in -person outreach events,
webpage viewing metrics, social media likes, and the number of educational material posts shared on social
media accounts.
Table 11.25 Public education and outreach measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Pollutant(s) Targeted
Area Impacted or
Number of People
Reached
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Conduct a media campaign to motivate the public to take
Sediment
To be determined
2018 - 2023
specific actions that reduce sources of sediment and
turbidity through the City's website, online videos (e.g.
YouTube), social media accounts, Waterways newsletter,
CWEP handouts, and other methods.
Public Participation and Involvement
Public meeting opportunities specific to the Third Fork Creek watershed have generally revolved around the
watershed management plan or the Water Quality Recovery Plans (the predecessor to the TMDL Response
Plan). The measures currently being implemented are shown below in Table 11.26. There is one new
measure for Public Participation and Involvement planned in Third Fork Creek, which is the implementation
of a citywide adopt -a -drain program for Durham residents. The Stormwater & GIS Services Division plans to
track the number of storm drains adopted in the Third Fork Creek watershed as part of this citywide adopt -a -
drain program.
Table 11.26 Third Fork Creek public participation and involvement measures currently implemented
Description of Measure
Purpose
Area Impacted or Number of
Implementation Date
People Reached
Support for Third Fork Creek
Empower community
60+ annually
2011-present
adopt -a -stream groups by
members to engage in
providing supplies for monitoring
stewardship activities
and cleanups, volunteer training,
and cleanup event coordination
Presentation of the draft TMDL
Inform the EAB on the TMDL
15
January 16, 2019
Response Plan for Third Fork
and seek feedback on the
Creek to the Durham City -County
TMDL Response Plan process
(including City and County
Environmental Affairs Board
staff)
Event at Lakewood Elementary
Promote stormwater
10 attendees
November 6, 2018
to celebrate the new storm drain
education and community
art
engagement
117

Table 11.27 Public participation and involvement measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Area Impacted or
Projected
Number of People
Implementation
Description of Measure
Purpose
Reached
Timeline
Implement an Adopt -a -Drain
Encourages residents to participate in removing
To be determined
2018 - 2023
program
sediment, leaves, and trash from the street
gutter near and around storm drain grates.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
The City's Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) program is implemented by the Stormwater
Quality Unit within the Public Works Department's Stormwater & GIS Services Division. The IDDE program is
instrumental in finding and eliminating sources of sediment, especially from construction sites that disturb
less than 12,000 square feet of land. In addition to conducting water quality investigations, weekend
enforcement patrols have been implemented by the Stormwater Quality Unit for several years. There are no
results to report for this implemented measure because weekend enforcement patrols were not conducted
in Third Fork Creek during the 2018-2019 reporting period. As part of the TMDL response plan, Table 11.28
lists the new IDDE measure that is planned in Third Fork Creek.
Table 11.28 Illicit discharge, detection, and elimination measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Routine stream -walk program to target the main stem
Number of sediment -related
To be
2018-2023
and tributaries with historically higher incidences of illicit
investigations conducted
determined
discharges. Also, inspect and assess stream bank
erosion.
Number of stream miles walked
To be
2018-2023
determined
Illicit discharges found as a result of investigations in the Third Fork Creek watershed and relating to
sediment/turbidity impairments have decreased by half as compared to the 2017-2018 reporting period.
The categories most likely to affect sediment or turbidity levels in the creek are summarized below.
Table 11.29 Third Fork Creek illicit discharge investigations related to in -stream turbidity
Reporting Period
Erosion & Sediment Control
Yard Wastes
Paint
Illicit Mobile Car Washes
Total
2018-2019
13
2
2
0
17
2017-2018
32
2
1
0
35
2016-2017
10
11
0
0
21
2015-2016
11
6
1
1
19
2014-2015
3
2
0
1
6
Stormwater & GIS Services maintains a proactive outfall screening program as part of the IDDE component
of the NPDES permit. Screening is conducted in leaf -off conditions so pipes are less likely to be obscured by
vegetation. The program attempts to inspect and screen outlets according to the federal regulations. In
general, winter screening assesses larger drainage areas, roughly 50 acres, in non -industrial areas and so
the entire City's MS4 can be evaluated within a roughly 5-year period. Summer screening is intended to
target small drainage areas within downtown and the area immediately surrounding downtown, but it has
also re -visited outfalls that previously had illicit discharges. Outfall screening was performed in the Third Fork
118

Creek Watershed, in the Cape Fear Basin, during the 2010-2011, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and
2017-2018 reporting years. There were no outfalls screened in the Third Fork Creek watershed during the
2018-2019 reporting period.
Table 11.30 Third Fork Creek dry weather outfall screening
Reporting Period
Activity during Reporting Period
2018-2019
No outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek watershed.
2017-2018
Major outfalls and other targeted outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between
November 2017 and February 2018. A total of 227 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek
Watershed.
2016-2017
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between November 2016 and
August 2017. A total of 139 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2015-2016
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between October 2015 and
February 2016. A total of 159 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
2013-2014
Major outfalls in the Third Fork Creek watershed were screened between January and August 2014.
A total of 23 outfalls were screened in the Third Fork Creek Watershed.
Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control
The Durham County Stormwater & Erosion Control Division routinely inspects privately -funded construction
sites with greater than 12,000 square feet of disturbed land. The County Stormwater & Erosion Control
Division also has procedures to list sites that are not in compliance with local and state erosion control
requirements and issue notices of violation as needed.
Table 11.31 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation Date
Conduct monthly inspections on privately -funded construction
Number of active projects
17
Ongoing
sites. Promptly issue violations for off -site sediment
discharges from active construction sites.
Number of inspections
55
Ongoing
Number of NOVs
2
Ongoing
Disturbed land must be stabilized with ground cover, devices,
Number of sites not in
11
Ongoing
or structures sufficient to restrain erosion as described in the
compliance
City -County Unified Development Ordinance (Section
12.10.4(B)).
The planned measures for construction site runoff control in Third Fork Creek are shown below in Table
11.32. Increasing the frequency of sediment and erosion control inspections in Third Fork Creek requires
increased funding of the County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division to create more inspection positions.
The other planned measures for construction site runoff control will require coordination between the City's
Stormwater Quality Unit and the County's Stormwater & Erosion Control Division as well as the approval to
change City code and the Unified Development Ordinance.
Table 11.32 Construction site stormwater runoff control measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
More frequent sediment & erosion inspections and
Number of active projects
To be
2023-2033
enforcement.
determined
Number of inspections
To be
2023-2033
determined
Number of NOVs
To be
2023-2033
determined
119

Promote the use of flocculants in drainage ditches on Number of guidance To be 2018-2023
construction sites to settle out sediment and solids. Create a handouts distributed determined
one -page handout about flocculent guidance or update
current construction handout to include guidance on the use
of flocculants.
Change City code to grant authority for the City's Public Works Number of stop -work To be 2023-2028
Department to issue a "stop -work order" for small orders issued determined
construction sites that are not in compliance with required
sediment and erosion control practices.
Post -Construction Stormwater Management
Post -construction SCMs have been implemented in the Third Fork Creek watershed for many years due to
the water supply watershed program. The Third Fork Creek TMDL for turbidity is expressed as TSS
concentration. The current stormwater ordinance requires all City of Durham new development projects
triggering applicability to provide TSS reduction for runoff from all impervious surfaces for developments
>_24% impervious, and in low -density developments where runoff is piped. The North Carolina Stormwater
Control Measure Credit Document was revised by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) in November of 2018 and its purpose is to clarify the nutrient and total suspended solids
reductions attributed to SCMs installed in North Carolina. The previous standard of 85% TSS removal has
been replaced by performance standards of Primary and Secondary SCMs described in the North Carolina
Stormwater Control Measure Credit Document.
As of August 8, 2019, there were approximately 80 known SCMs maintained in the Third Fork Creek
watershed, including dry ponds, wet ponds, and bioretention areas. Infiltration devices and those SCMs that
allow settling are considered to have the highest ability to remove total suspended solids. A map of SCMs in
the Third Fork Creek watershed is provided in Figure 11.3 below.
Table 11.33 Existing Maintained SCMs in the Third Fork Creek Watershed
constructed to serve new development
SCM type
Number in the
Third Fork Creek
Watershed
TSS Removal
Bioretention area
11
Primary
Constructed wetland
4
Primary
Dry pond
16
Secondary
Filterra/Storm Filter/Inlet Filter
5
Primary(a)
Level spreader
3
Secondary
Rain Water Harvesting
1
Primary
Sand Filter
9
Primary
Silva Cell
1
Primary(a)
Underground storage
14
N/A
Wet pond
16
Primary
Total
80
(a) Assumes similar removal as filtration devices.
120

The planned measures for post -construction stormwater management are aimed at reducing streambank
scour, promoting the use of green infrastructure for privately funded and City -funded construction projects,
and investigating the development of slope protection regulations for natural and managed areas. These
measures will require coordination between the City's Stormwater Development Review Group and the City -
County Planning Department, time to research how to implement the measures, and approvals from City
Council and the County Commissioners to revise City code and the Unified Development Ordinance. The
planned measures are listed below in Table 11.34.
Table 11.34 Post -construction stormwater management measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected Implementation
Timeline
Investigate highly effective channel protection methods to
To be
To be determined
2018-2023
reduce streambank scour including stream channel
determined
protection volume (CPV) measures.
Explore strategies to promote greater use of green
To be
To be determined
2023-2028
infrastructure to complement traditional SCMs & BMPs in
determined
the City's post -construction stormwater management
efforts.
(A) For development and planning, designate slopes as
UDO
To be determined
2023-2028
Preserved (natural areas >25% slope) and Man-made
amendments
(managed areas >25%). (B) Eliminate 50% slope (2:1)
approved and
allowance. Steep slope violation, encroachment clarification
implemented
in the Unified Development Ordinance.
121

Effierbf
�- Creek
Headwaters -�
New Hope
Creek
r .►� f
r
r-j .6 pe
Creek-B Everett
Jordan Lake
0
City Limits .e+,.7 Bioretention
RTP Area
interstate Constructed
U S Highway Wetland
NC Highway DryPond
Ramp F (terra
State Road
Tributaries Grassed
Swale
—Streams � Level
=Watersheds Spreader
Waterbod ies Poc ket
Wet and
Proprietary
Device
Rai n
©Harvesting
Sy stem
w Sand Filter
Sand Filter -
= Underground
E]StormFilter
;;Underground
Storage
*Wet Pond
Ex i sti ng
0 Development
Retrof is
Existing and New Development 6 6-5 1 2 N
Stormwater Control Measures Miles
in Third Fork Creek Watershed
CITY OF
DURHAM
Figure 11.3. Stormwater Control Measures located within Third Fork Creek in the City of Durham.
122

Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations
The Public Works Department currently inspects and maintains the public portion of the stormwater
drainage system. The Public Works Department also has a city-wide street sweeping program that helps
remove sediment, leaves, and other debris from the street curb and gutter. Although four out of the five
measures listed in Table 11.35 are currently implemented by the Public Works Operations Division, the
measures have not been tracked in the past for the purposes of the TMDL Response Plan for Third Fork
Creek. Public Works staff are developing methods for tracking the number of work orders for stormwater
inspection and maintenance activities that occur in the Third Fork Creek watershed. For street sweeping,
city-wide results are reported in Section 8 of this annual report; however, the tracking methods are currently
being developed for determining the number of street curb miles swept within the Third Fork Creek
watershed. The Water Management Department implements field protocols for containing and removing
sediment that is discharged to the street during and after a City water line leak or break. Water Management
staff are also developing methods for tracking the number of closed work orders for water line repairs and
replacement occurrences located in the Third Fork Creek watershed. The metric results for the measures in
Table 11.35 will be reported after the tracking methods are in place.
Table 11.35 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures currently implemented in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Implementation
Date
City-wide street sweeping program (including Third Fork Creek).
Number of street curb miles
To be
Ongoing
swept
determined
Remove sediment from clogged storm drains prior to flushing
Number of closed work orders
To be
Ongoing
storm drains which prevents more sediment from being
determined
released into a nearby stream.
Conduct routine inspections and maintenance of stormwater
Number of closed work orders
To be
Ongoing
catch basins.
determined
Conduct site inspections monthly and conduct lot sweeping 1-2
Number of inspections
9
Ongoing
times per month or as needed at the Public Works Operation
Center (PWOC). Regularly check and replace sediment control
bags in stormwater catch basins at PWOC.
Number of times the PWOC lot
9
Ongoing
was swept
Adherence to field crew protocols for sweeping and shoveling
Number of closed work orders
To be
Ongoing
sediment in the street and curb gutter during and after street
determined
water line repair work in order to prevent sediment from
entering storm drains.
The planned measures for pollution prevention and good housekeeping are outlined below in Table 11.36.
Increasing the frequency of street sweeping in the Third Fork Creek watershed will require funding for more
staff and more street sweepers, which means the measure could take up to 15 years (3 permit cycles) to
implement. Allocating funds to purchase storm drain protection supplies for Public Works field crews is
projected to be implemented within the next 5 years.
Table 11.36 Pollution prevention and good housekeeping measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Increase street sweeping frequency in the Third Fork Creek
To be determined
To be
2023-2033
watershed.
determined
123

Purchase and supply Public Works Operations Division field Number of storm drain To be 2018-2023
staff with the materials they need to protect storm drains protection supplies determined
during maintenance work in the street. purchased
Programs in addition to the Six Minimum Measures
The Public Works Department prioritized new measures that are not considered to be a part of the NPDES
six minimum measures. The remaining TMDL Response Plan measures described below are grouped by the
City or County agency that is primarily responsible for implementing the measures. Watershed Planning and
Stormwater Retrofitting is the only additional program with measures (implemented and planned) that apply
to the Third Fork Creek TMDL Response Plan.
Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting
Existing development retrofitting is an additional measure that the City of Durham has incorporated into the
Stormwater program. Although retrofitting is not one of the Phase II minimum measures, this program does
provide measures that reduce pollution and stabilize creeks. The two planned measures shown below in
Table 11.37 involve performing additional streambank stabilization and restoration projects and
constructing SCMs that address TSS. Public Works staff are developing metrics to track these planned
measures towards implementation.
Table 11.37 Watershed Planning and Stormwater Retrofitting measures planned in Third Fork Creek
Description of Measure
Metric
Metric Result
Projected
Implementation
Timeline
Perform additional streambank stabilization and
To be determined
To be
2028 - 2033
restoration.
determined
Review Third Fork Watershed Improvement Plan
Number of SCMs planned for
To be
2023 - 2028
(WIP) and implement the construction of SCMs
construction
determined
identified in the WI that address TSS.
Number of SCMs constructed
To be
2023 - 2028
determined
Table 11.38 lists the retrofits in the Third Fork Creek Watershed that are currently tracked by Watershed
Planning staff in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.38. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
SCM type
Number in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
TSS Removal
Cistern
14
n/a
Conservation Easement
5
0 - 35% (a)
Constructed Wetland
2
85%
Green Roof
1
0%
Permeable Pavement
1
70 - 85%
Rain Garden
31
85% (b)
Regenerative Stormwater
Conveyance
1
75% (c)
Stream Restoration
3
60% (d)
124

Table 11.38. Retrofit SCMs for Existing Development in the Third Fork
Creek Watershed
SCM type
Number in the Third Fork
TSS Removal
Creek Watershed
Total
58
(a) Assumes similar removal as a grassed swale
(b) Assumes similar removal as infiltration devices.
(c) Assumes similar removal as infiltration and sedimentation devices.
www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater, 2014. Cizek, A., RSC Performance Results
(d) Assumes similar removal as riparian buffers.
Retrofits and non-structural SCM projects with City cooperation are also tracked by Watershed Planning staff
in the Public Works Department.
Table 11.39 Retrofit projects in the Third Fork Creek watershed
Project Name
Description of Project
Area Treated
Implementation
2018-2019 Project
(Cost)
Date
Update
Installation of
Interlocal agreement with the Durham Soil
6,054 sq ft (Total
2014
This project is being
SCMs in the City
and Water Conservation District to fund
area treated for
continued and expanded.
of Durham
SCMs using the CCAP program. Annual
project. Area
Specific sites for the SCMs
($9,978)
inspections of each device installed under
treated in Third
have not been
this contract will continue.
Fork Creek to be
determined.
determined)
Regenerative
NC State University project. Cooperative
8.9 acres
October 2014
In January 2019,
Stormwater
funding by City of Durham, NC State
maintenance was
Conveyance
University, and a Section 319 grant. A
performed on this device
($232,798, City
regenerative stormwater conveyance was
which included
match: $66,066)
installed in a 1st order stream with a
supplemental planting and
severe head cut to evaluate the ability of
removal of invasive
this technology to reduce bank erosion
vegetation. Cost of this
and sediment export.
work was $6,925.
Rain Catchers
Small Scale Residential Stormwater
0.22 acres
April 2016
In February 2019, devices
2.0 ($146,170)
Control Retrofits project. Project to
installed as part of this
develop a data -driven, repeatable
project were inspected
approach to identify and analyze areas
and outreach for
throughout the city where residential -level
participating homeowners
green infrastructure practices could be
was conducted. The
implemented in the future. A total of 13
contract is complete and
cisterns with passive drawdown devices
was closed out in 2019.
and 8 rain gardens were installed in Third
Fork Creek as part of this project in 2018.
Other non-structural SCMs and studies as part of watershed planning and stormwater retrofitting are
described below:
Critical Areas Protection Plan - As part of the Watershed Implementation Plan, a plan was developed to
identify and prioritize privately owned land areas that are undeveloped or provide a significant water
quality benefit located throughout the entire watershed. Critical Areas may be prioritized for
purchase through the CIP or easements. The Critical Areas Protection Plan was completed in late
2012.
125

Stream Bank Erosion Monitoring Study - Project to determine Durham -specific stream erosion rates
using bank pins. Monitoring is ongoing and several sites are located in Third Fork Creek. In 2018, a
new GIS shapefile and a memo summarizing three years of monitoring data were provided as an
additional task added to the Eno River Watershed Improvement Plan. The Stormwater Quality Unit
conducted one monitoring event at the stream bank erosion monitoring sites in the spring of 2019.
Monitoring of the stream bank erosion sites is scheduled to continue as part of the New Hope Creek
& Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan during the 2019-2020 reporting period. A subgroup of
sites will be monitored for stream bank erosion using the root dendrogeomorphology method as part
of the New Hope Creek & Little Creek Watershed Improvement Plan.
Stream Vegetation Management Contract (SP-2019-02) - This contract involves the management of
invasive vegetation in conservation easements associated with stream projects. The conservation
easement at Forest Hills Park that is part of the 2005 stream restoration of Third Fork Creek will
continue through 2021.
Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring/ Water Quality Status
The turbidity TMDL for Third Fork Creek is unusual because turbidity violations were the reason for listing the
creek on the state 303(d) list, while the TMDL is expressed in terms of the load of total suspended solids.
The TMDL assumes that in meeting the total suspended solids target load the turbidity violations will
decrease to an acceptable level. The City of Durham tracks both turbidity and total suspended solids loads in
Third Fork Creek in order to evaluate compliance with both the TMDL and the water quality standard for
turbidity.
The City of Durham has seven water quality monitoring stations in Third Fork Creek, although only one
station is monitored every year for TMDL compliance monitoring. For previous annual reports, TSS
concentration data from the City's monitoring station at Highway 751(TFO.OTC) and the UCFRBA monitoring
station at Highway 54 (133025000) have been used to estimate annual TSS loads. After reviewing monitoring
locations with the US Geological Survey (USGS), the City decided to discontinue use of the monitoring station
at Highway 751 for the purposes of load calculation. The station at Highway 751 is downstream of a large
reach of wetlands and braided channels. The nature of discharge and the natural treatment offered by this
section of the channel is not represented by upstream data at Highway 54 or Woodcroft Parkway. In 2018, a
new City monitoring station was established upstream at Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC), which is also co -
located with a USGS discharge gage (02097280). As a result, all load estimations in this report will differ
from previous reports, in some years significantly.
The UCFRBA monitoring station at Highway 54 (133025000) is the nearest downstream road crossing to
TFI.OTC at Woodcroft Parkway. The Highway 54 monitoring station is the TMDL compliance point. The
acceptable criterion at the compliance point is no more than 10% of the turbidity data in a five-year period
exceeding the water quality standard of 50 NTU. Evaluating turbidity on an annual basis since 2010,
turbidity levels have exceeded the water quality standard in more than 10% of samples during four years.
During this period, the stream bank along the Third Fork Creek trail collapsed and restoration occurred. This
may affect turbidity concentrations as well as annual loads. Table 11.40 summarizes annual results for
turbidity since 2010 at the UCFRBA monitoring location.
Table 11.40 UCFRBA Turbidity Results (NTU) at Highway 54
Calendar Year
Median
Maximum
Percent of
Samples > 50
NTU
2018
32.5
230
36%
2017
14.6
90
8%
2016
14.6
228
25%
2015
16.7
66
8%
126

2014
32.45
80.1
0%
2013
25.9
101
25%
2012
13.65
43.4
25%
2011
17.35
170
8%
2010
20.3
95.4
8%
1UCFRBA data from 2018 were not available at the time of preparing this report.
Loads of TSS are calculated annually using the USGS load estimation program LOADEST (Mod4.8, March
2013). For this TMDL Response Plan update, loads for the past five years (2014 through 2018) were
calculated using the UCFRBA monitoring data at Highway 54 (B3025000) and the City's monitoring data at
Woodcroft Parkway (TFI.OTC). Since the City established TFI.OTC in 2018, the UCFRBA monitoring data
were used to calculate TSS loads for years 2014 through 2017, and monitoring data for B3025000 and
TFI.OTC were used to calculate TSS loads for 2018.
Estimates of the mean monthly load are provided by LOADEST, including the upper and lower 95%
confidence limits on the mean monthly load. These were used to estimate the mean annual load and the
95% confidence limits on that load. These load estimates were compared to the TMDL load of 547,500
pounds/year. Table 11.41 shows estimates of TSS loads. The difference between the estimated mean TSS
load for 2018 (10,049,063 pounds) and the TMDL annual load (547,500 pounds) is 9,501,563 pounds.
City water quality monitoring data continues to be available on the water quality web portal
(d u rh a m wate rq u a l ity. o r ).
Table 11.41 Estimates of TSS Load (pounds) at the Compliance Point
Calendar Year
Mean Annual Load
95% Confidence Limits on Annual Loads
Lower
Upper
2018
10,049,063
1,940,275
32,591,731
2017
5,644,744
877,337
19,989,581
2016
8,414,883
1,529,252
27,839,746
2015
4,600,216
1,145,691
12,932,510
2014
5,929,096
1,261,515
18,201,447
127