20071477 Ver 1_Application_20070830

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
August 24, 2007
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
6508 Falls of Neuse Road, Suite 120
Raleigh, NC 27615
ATTN: Mr. Monte Matthews
NCDOT Coordinator
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
071477
SUBJECT: Nationwide 13 Permit Application for the proposed replacement of
Bridge No. 16 over Middle Fork Creek on SR 1541, Watauga County,
Division 11. Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1541(3), WBS Element
33654.1.1, T.I.P. No. B-4317.
Dear Mr. Matthews:
Please fmd enclosed the Programmatic Categorical Exclusion (PCE) for the above referenced
project, along with half-size design plans, permit drawings, and the Natural Resource
Technical Report (NRTR). The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
plans to replace Bridge No. 16 over Middle Fork Creek with a new 70-foot long, 28-foot
wide structure on the existing alignment. Traffic will use an offsite detour during
construction. Project impacts total 15 feet in Middle Fork Creek.
IMPACTS TO WATERS OF THE iJNITED STATES
General Description: The project is located in the New River basin (HtJC 05050001) and
will impact Middle Fork Creek. Middle Fork Creek (Index # 10-1-2-(6)) is assigned a best
usage classification of WS-IV Tr+, by the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Middle
Fork Creek is not designated as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National
Wild and Scenic River, nor is it listed on the 2004 Final 303(d) list. No designated
Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW), Water Supply I (WS-I), or Water Supply II (WS-II)
waters occur within 1.0 mile of the project. The project does not drain to a 303(d) stream
within one mile of the project limits. Middle Fork Creek is classified as a trout river by the
NC Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC). No wetlands occur on the project area.
Temporary Impacts: No temporary impacts are expected from the proposed project.
Permanent Impacts: Permanent stream impacts total 15 feet from the placement of riprap
on the banks of Middle Fork Creek at the outlet of an 18-inch Corrugated Metal Pipe. The
riprap will be placed only on the banks to prevent erosion and scour on the stream bank.
MAILING ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: [phone] LOCATION:
NC DEPARTMENT OP TRANSeoxrartoN FAX: [phone] CAPRAL BLVD
PROTECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS SUITE 240
1598 MAU. SERVICE CENTER RALEIGH, NC 27604
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548 WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG

1 r
Utility Impacts: No impacts will occur due to utility relocations.
PROJECT SCHEDULE
The project is scheduled to let February 19, 2008 and has a review date of January 1, 2008.
BRIDGE DEMOLITION
Bridge No. 16 is constructed of timber and steel with concrete abutments that are out of the
water. Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be any temporary fill resulting from bridge
demolition. Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal will be
implemented.
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES
Plants and animals with federal classifications of Endangered, Threatened, Proposed
Endangered, and Proposed Threatened are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of May 10, 2007, the Fish
and Wildlife Service (FWS) lists eight federally protected species for Watauga County. The
bog turtle is listed as threatened due to similarity of appearance and therefore does not
require a biological conclusion. A biological conclusion of "No Effect" has been reached for
all other federally protected species.
Federally Protected Species of Watauga County
Scientific Name Common Name Federal
Status Biological
Conclusion Habitat
Present
Clemmys muhlenbergii Southern bog turtle T (S/A) NA No
Glaucomys sabrinus
coloratus Cazolina northern flying
s uirrel E No Effect No
Corynorhinus townsendii
vir inianus Virginia big eazed bat E No Effect No
Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir moss spider E No Effect No
Solidago spithamaea Blue ridge golden rod T No Effect No
Liatris helleri Heller's blazing staz T No Effect No
Hedyotis purpurea var.
montana Roan mountain bluet E No Effect No
Geum radiatum Spreading avers E No Effect No
AVOIDANCE AND MININIIZATION
The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all reasonable and practicable design features to
avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts, ,and to provide full compensatory mitigation of all
remaining, unavoidable jurisdictional impacts. Avoidance measures were taken during the
planning and NEPA compliance stages; minimization measures were incorporated as part of
the project design and include:
• The new bridge will completely span the channel.
• NCDOT will adhere to Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds.
• Per WRC, in stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot buffer zone are
prohibited during the brown trout spawning season of October 15 through April 15.
Page 2

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MITIGATION
Mitigation is not proposed because permanent impacts are minimal and are due to the
placement of riprap on the banks of the Middle Fork Creek, and not in the streambed.
REGULATORY APPROVALS
Section 404 Permit: This project has been processed by the Federal Highway Administration
as a "Categorical Exclusion." NCDOT is hereby applying for a Clean Water Act Section 404
Nationwide Permit. The NCDOT requests that these activities be authorized by Nationwide
Permit 13.
Section 401 Permit: NCDOT is hereby applying fora 401 Water Quality Certification from
DWQ. We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3626 will apply to this project. All
general conditions of the Water Quality Certifications will be met. Therefore, in accordance
with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a), we are providing two copies of this application to the
DWQ for their records.
Comments from WRC will be requested prior to authorization by the Army Corps of
Engineers. By copy of this letter and attachment, NCDOT hereby requests WRC review and
that WRC forward their comments to the Corps of Engineers and NCDOT within 30 calendar
days of receipt of this application.
Thank you for your assistance with this project. If you have any questions or need additional
information, please contact Brett Feulner at [e-mail] or [phone].
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the DOT website at:
http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/pe/neu/permit.html.
Sincerely,
(~/ Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D. Environmental Management Director,
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
cc: w/attachment
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (2 Copies)
Ms. Marla Chambers, NCWRC
Ms. Marella Buncick, USFWS
Mr. Victor Bazbour, P.E. Project Services
Mr. Michael Pettyjohn, P.E. Division 11 F

Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Mazk Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Heath Slaughter, Div 11 DEO
'sngineer
w/o attachment
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P.E., Prog. and TIP
Mr. Hank Schwab, PDEA
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Page 3

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Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
2 o d 7 1 4 7 7
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
^ 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW 1
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here:
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Gregor~J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: gthorpe(a,dot.state.nc.us
2. AgentlConsultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:
E-mail Address:
Fax Number:
Page 1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps maybe included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Replacement of Bridge No. 16 over Middle Fork Creek
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-4317
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): N/A
4. Location
County: Watauga Nearest Town: Boone
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): The site is located at the
crossing of SR 1541 over Middle Fork Creek
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): __ ..36.1788°N, 81.6604°W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Middle Fork Creek River
8. River Basin: New River
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Forestland
Page 2 of 8

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Standard DOT construction equipment.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The purpose is to replace the old bridge that is
functionally obsolete and structurally deficient.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. NA
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: The project impacts are as
follows, 15 feet of stream impacts
Page 3 of 8

2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Wetland Impact Type of Wetland Located within Distance to Area of
Site Number Type of Impact (e.g., forested, marsh, 100-year
Floodplain Nearest
Stream Impact
(acres)
(indicate on map) herbaceous, bog, etc.) es/no linear feet)

Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage, multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on map)
Stream Name
Type of Impact
Perennial or
Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Impact Impact
Length
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
Site 1 Middle Fork Creek Permanent Perennial 25 15 0.10

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 15 0.10
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Open Water Impact

Site Number
indicate on ma
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)

Type of Impact Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc.) Area of

Impact
(acres

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): 0.1
Wetland Im act (acres): 0
en Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Im act to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.1
Total Stream Im act (linear feet): 15
Page 4 of 8

7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): NA
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): NA
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond: NA
Size of watershed draining to pond: NA Expected pond surface area: NA
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It maybe useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Best management Practices for
the yrotection of Surface Waters and BMP's for Bridge demolition and removal a trout
moratorium will be observed and the proposed bridge will span the creek
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
Page 5 of 8

mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, . available at
http://h2o. enr.state.nc. us/ncwetlands/stnngide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. 'The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
No mitigation is proposed because the proposed impacts are minimal and the placement
of riprap will be on the banks of the channel, not in the stream bed.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federaUstate/local) funds or the use of
public (federaUstate) land? Yes ® No ^
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Page 6 of 8

f .
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ^
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ^ No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet) Multiplier Required
Miti ation
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
3.
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additiona120 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Paymen
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. Approximately the same as current conditions
t into the
identified
Page 7 of 8

XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this anafter-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
htt~//h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
Replace an existing structure
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).

~'pplicant/Agent's Signatuure ~ Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
A
TIP Project No.
State Project No.
W.B.S. No.
Federal Project No.
Project Description:
B-4317
8.2752401
33654.1.1
BRZ-1541(3)
The purpose of this project is to replace Watauga County Bridge No. 16 on
SR 1541 over Middle Fork Creek. Bridge No. 16 is 41 feet long. The replacement
structure will be a bridge approximately 60 feet long providing a minimum 30
feet clear deck width. The bridge will include two 11-foot lanes and 4-foot
offsets. The roadway grade of the new structure will be approximately the same
as the existing structure.
The approach roadway will extend approximately 230 feet from the northwest end
of the new bridge and approximately 260 feet from the southeast end of the new
bridge. The approaches will be widened to include a 22-foot pavement width
providing two 11-foot lanes. A 5-foot grass shoulder will be provided with three
foot of shoulder added in guardrail locations. The roadway will be designed as a
Rural Local Route and a design exception will be required for the 55 mph
Statutory Speed. Expressway gutter should be use next to the cuts to minimize
any excavation and to minimize and/or eliminate the need for retaining walls.
Traffic will be detoured offsite during construction (see Figure 1).
B. Purpose and Need:
NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate Bridge No. 16 has a
sufficiency rating of 49.2 out of a possible 100. The bridge is considered
functionally obsolete due to a deck geometry appraisal of 2 out of 9 according
to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) standards. Therefore, this bridge
is eligible for FHWA's Bridge Replacement Program.
The superstructure of Bridge No. 16 has timber elements that are forty-five years
old. Timber components have a typical life expectancy between 40 to 50 years
due to the natural deterioration rate of wood. Rehabilitation of timber
components of a structure is generally practical only when a few elements are
damaged or prematurely deteriorated. However, past a certain degree of
deterioration, most timber elements become impractical to maintain and upon
eligibility are programmed for replacement. Components of the timber floor and
bridge railing have experienced an increased proportion of deterioration that can
no longer be addressed by maintenance activities. The bridge is approaching the
end of its useful life.

Bridge No. 16 carries 800 vehicles per day with 1,600 vehicles per day projected
for 2025. The substandard deck width of 18 feet is becoming increasingly
unacceptable and replacement of the bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
Components of the concrete substructure have experienced increasing degree of
deterioration that can no longer be addressed by maintenance activities.
Longitudinal I-beams are experiencing increasing scaling, rust, and corrosion. The
posted weight limit on the bridge is down to 21 tons for single vehicles and 26
tons for truck-tractor semi-trailers. The bridge is approaching the end of its useful
life.
C. Proposed Improvements:
Circle one or more of the following Type II improvements, which apply, to the
project:
Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., parking,
weaving, taming, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing
pavement (3R and 4R improvements)
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
£ Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage pipes,
including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through lane)
i. Slide Stabilization
j. Structural BMP's for water quality improvement
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guardrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type barriers and pier
protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators
f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median b~triers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing clear zone safety improvements including removing
hazards and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hardware including bridge rail retrofit
2

O3 Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or replacement or the construction of
grade separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint), scour
repair, fender systems, and minor structural improvements
O Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe parking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest areas.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of--way or for joint or limited use of
right-of--way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or near
a street with adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support
vehicle traffic.
9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and
ancillary facilities where only minor amounts of additional land are
required and there is not a substantial increase in the number of users.
10. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open area consisting of
passenger shelters, boarding areas, kiosks and related street
improvements) when located in a commercial area or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity for projected bus traffic.
11. Construction of rail storage and maintenance facilities in areas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and where there is no
significant noise impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hardship or protective purposes, advance land
acquisition loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hardship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a particular parcel or a limited
number of parcels. These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE only
where the acquisition will not limit the evaluation of alternatives,
including shifts in alignment for planned construction projects, which may
be required in the NEPA process. No project development on such land
may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
13. Acquisition and construction of wetland, stream and endangered species
mitigation sites.
14. Remedial activities involving the removal, treatment or monitoring of soil
or groundwater contamination pursuant to state or federal remediation
guidelines.

D. Special Project Information:
Estimated Cost:
Table 1 Estimated Cost
Preferred
Alternate
Structure $ 288,000
Roadwa A roaches $ 212,000
Structure Removal $ l 1,000
Misc. & Mob. $ 104,000
En . & Contin encies $ 110,000
Total Construction Cost $ 725,000
Right-of--way Costs $ 378,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST
* Cost based on 2006 rites $ 1,103,000
Estimated Traffic:
Current - 800 vpd
Year 2025 - 1,600 vpd
TTST - 1%
Dual - 2%
Accidents: Traffic Engineering has evaluated a recent three-year period
and the one crash that occurred in the vicinity of the project was the result of a
motorist claiming to be run off the road. The accident was not associated with
the geometry of the bridge or its approach roadways.
Design Exceptions: A design exception will be required for the 55 mph Statutory
Speed, sag vertical curve K factor, and vertical curve stopping sight distance.
Bridge Demolition: Bridge No. 16 is constructed of timber and steel and concrete
abutments and should be possible to remove with no resulting debris in the water
based on standard demolition practices.
Alternatives Discussion:
No Build - No build would result in eventually closing the road which
is unacceptable given the volume of traffic served by SR 1541.
Rehabilitation -The bridge was constructed in 1961 and the timber
materials within the bridge superstructure are reaching the end of their
useful life. Rehabilitation would require replacing the timber components
which would effectively constitute replacing the entire deck. The concrete
substructure is experiencing increasing deterioration that can no longer be
addressed by maintenance activities.

Offsite Detour -Bridge No. 16 will be replaced on the existing
alignment. Traffic will be detoured off-site (see Figure 1) during the
period of construction. NCDOT Guidelines for Evaluation of Off-site
Detours for Bridge Replacement Projects considers multiple drive
variables beginning with the additional time traveled by the average road
user as a result of utilizing the off-site detour. The off-site detour for this
project would include SR 1541, SR 1547, and US 221/US 321. This off-
site detour would result in 9.5 minutes additional travel time (6 miles of
additional travel) for the average driver. A maximum duration of eight
months of construction is expected for this project. Based on the
guidelines, the delay falls into a range where the normal evaluation of
alternatives can be carried out to determine whether traffic can be
detoured off-site or must be maintained on-site.
In this case, maintaining traffic on-site would result in environmental
impacts and higher project costs from the construction of an on-site
detour. Watauga County Emergency Services has indicated that an off-site
detour is acceptable and that services can be adequately rerouted during
construction. The conditions on all roads and bridges on the off-site detour
are acceptable without the need for improvements. Watauga County
School Transportation has indicated that rerouting buses around this
project will be workable. Coordination with Watauga County Schools
will be done prior to bridge closure. In view of the low impacts to
property and the environment, project cost savings, and no major
opposition, an off-site detour is recommended. NCDOT Division 11
concurs with these recommendations.
On-site Detour - An on-site detour was not evaluated due to the presence
of an acceptable off-site detour.
Staged Construction -Staged construction was not considered because
of the availability of an acceptable off-site detour.
New Alignment -Given that the existing alignment for SR 1541 is
acceptable, a new alignment was not considered as an alternative.
Other Agency Comments:
The N.C. Wildlife Resource Commission and The U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service, in standardized letters, provided a request that they prefer off-site
detours and any replacement structure be a spanning structure. All environmental
concerns were addressed and resolved.

Public Involvement:
A letter was sent by the Location & Surveys Unit to all property owners that may
be affected directly by this project. Property owners were invited to comment. A
Newsletter was distributed to residents in the immediate area. A Citizens
Informational Workshop was held on December 3, 2003 between the hours of
4:00 PM and 7:00 PM at The Media Center of Hardin Elementary School, 361
Jefferson Road, Boone, NC to discuss concerns related to the project. Attendance
at the workshop was low, as only four or five residents visited the presentation.
Those in attendance were generally in favor of the project.
E. Threshold Criteria
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II
actions
ECOLOGICAL YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any
unique or important natural resource? X
(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally
listed endangered or threatened species may occur? X
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish?
X

(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of
permanent and/or temporary wetland taking less than
one-tenth (1 /10) of an acre and have all practicable measures
to avoid and minimize wetland takings been evaluated? X
(5) Will the project require the use of U. S. Forest Service lands? ^
X

(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
impacted by proposed construction activities? X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding Water ^
Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters (HQW)? X
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? X*
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? X
6

PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)? X
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? X
(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be required? ^
X

(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
regulatory floodway? X
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel
changes? X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO
(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or
~
business? X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and adverse
human health and environmental effect on any minority or
low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is the
amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? X
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? ^
X

(20) Will the.project substantially alter the usefulness
and/or land use of adjacent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent
local traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is, ^
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of 1990)? X
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
volumes? X
7

(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using existing ^
roads, staged construction, or on-site detours? X
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will the bridge
be replaced at its existing location (along the existing facility)
and will all construction proposed in association with the ^
bridge replacement project be contained on the existing facility? X
(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or
environmental grounds concerning the project? X
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local laws ^
relating to the environmental aspects of the project? X
(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places? X
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains which are
F. Additional Documentation Required for Unfavorable Responses in Part E
important to history orpre-history? X
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(fJ resources
(public parks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges,
historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in Section 4(f)
of the U. S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966)? ~ X
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as defined
by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation Act
of 1965, as amended? X
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or adjacent
to a river designated as a component of or proposed for
inclusion in the National System of Wild and Scenic Rivers? X
* Item (8)
Middle Fork South Fork New River has a Stream Index Number of 10-1-2-(6) and a
DWQ Best USAGE Classification of WS-IV;Tr:+. This is not technically High Quality Waters,
but it has trout-specific conditions. The supplemental classification of Tr does qualify this stream
for the Design Standards in Sensitive Watersheds and the "+" indicates this stream eventually
drains into a stream with the high quality "ORW" classification and should be treated as sensitive.

G. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No.
State Project No.
W.B.S. No.
Federal Project No.
B-4317
8.2752401
33654.1.1
BRZ-1541(3)
A. Project Description:
The purpose of this project is to replace Watauga County Bridge No. 16 on
SR 1541 over Middle Fork Creek. Bridge No. 16 is 41 feet long. The replacement
structure will be a bridge approximately 60 feet long providing a minimum 30
feet clear deck width. The bridge will include two 11-foot lanes and 4-foot
offsets. The roadway grade of the new structure will be approximately the same
as the existing structure.
The approach roadway will extend approximately 230 feet from the northwest end
of the new bridge and approximately 260 feet from the southeast end of the new
bridge. The approaches will be widened to include a 22-foot pavement width
providing two 11-foot lanes. A 5-foot grass shoulder will be provided with three
foot of shoulder added in guardrail locations. The roadway will be designed as a
Rural Local Route and a design exception will be required for the 55 mph
Statutory Speed.
Traffic will be detoured offsite during construction (see Figure 1).
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification:
X TYPE II(A)
TYPE II(B)
A prp oved:
~_
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Dat Bridge Project Dever
Project Development
7 2s o6
ate
~ Dlv
Da
For Type II (B) projects only:
Environmental Analysis Branch
L-
Analysis Branch
Date John F. Sullivan, III, PE, Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
9
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch

PROJECT COMMITMENTS:
Watauga County
Bridge No. 16 on SR 1541
Over Middle Fork Creek
Federal Aid Project No. BRZ-1541(3)
State Project No. 8.2752401
W.B.S. No. 33654.1.1
T.I.P. No. B-4317
Division 11 Construction Engineer
In order to allow Emergency Management Services (EMS) adequate time to prepare for road
closure, the NCDOT will notify Watauga County EMS at [phone] thirty days prior to road
closure.
Division 11 Construction Engineer
In order to allow Watauga County Division of School Transportation time to prepare for road
closure the NCDOT will notify the Transportation Director at [phone] thirty days prior to
road closure.
Roadside Environmental Unit, Division Resident Engineer -Sensitive Watersheds
Middle Fork South Fork New River Creek has Stream Index Number of 10-1-2-(6) and a
DWQ Best USAGE Classification of WS-IV;TR+_ Therefore erosion and sedimentation will
be controlled through the installation and maintenance of erosion and sedimentation control
methods. Middle Fork Creek has trout-specific conditions and will be subject to all Design
Standards for Sensitive Watersheds.
Division 11 Construction Engineer -Bridge Demolition
The bridge is constructed of timber and steel with concrete abutments that are out of the water.
Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be any temporary fill resulting from bridge demolition.
Best management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal will be implemented.
Division Resident Engineer -Trout Issues
NCWRC has commented that Middle Fork Creek is a NCWRC Hatchery Supported Trout
Stream. A rainbow and brown trout moratorium (October 15 to April I S) shall be maintained
during construction. The following will be implemented to minimize impacts to their habitat:
^ In-stream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot buffer zone are prohibited during
the brown trout spawning season of October 15 through April 15
Programmatic Categorical Exclusion Page 1 of 2
Green Sheet
July 2006

^ Where concrete is used, work will be accomplished so that wet concrete does not contact
the stream water.
^ Grading and back filling should be minimized. Tree and shrub growth should be retained
if possible to ensure long term availability of shoreline cover for game fish and wildlife.
^ Under no circumstances should rock, sand, or other materials be dredged from the stream
channel except as required for the construction of the bridge piers.
^ Temporary or permanent herbaceous vegetations should be planted on all bare soil within
15 days of completion of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion
control.
^ Guidelines for Construction Ad1acent to Trout Waters will be applied to this project.
Programmatic Categorical Exclusion Page 2 of 2
Green Sheet
July 2006

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/v. moo` NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
Iq ~~ TRANSPORTATION
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~° ~~, ~°' PROJECT DEVELOPMENT &
9
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\~ ~QVi ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
~7ocrnnµs,
WATAUGA COUNTY'
REPLACE BRIDGE 16 ON SR 1541
OVER MlDULE FORK CREED
B-4317
' Detour Figure One'

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y~ µ STATt'
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"« n
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook. Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
Office of Archives and History
January 23, 2002
MEMORANDUM
Division of Historical Resources
David J. Olson, Director
TO: William D. Gilmore, Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
Division of Highways
Department of Transportation
FROM: David Brook 1~ P~~~ I ~il.~"K--'
U
SUBJECT: Replace Bridge No. 16 on SR 1541 over I~fiddle Fork Creek, B-4317,
Watauga Count<~, ER 02-8541
Thank you for your letter of September 25, 2001, concerning the above project.
Since there is not architectural survey for the area of potential effect, we recommend that a Department of
Transportation architectural historian identify and evaluate anv structures over fifty years old and report
the findings to us.
There are no known archaeological sites within the project area. Based on our knowledge of the area, it is
unlikely that any archaeological resources that may be eligible for conclusion in the National Register of
Historic Places will be affected by the project. We, therefore, recommend that no archaeological
investigation be conducted in connection with this project.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36
CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763. In all future
communication concerning this project, please cite the above-referenced tracking number.
DB:kgc
cc: Mary Pope Furr, NCDOT
Matt Wilkerson, NCDOT
Location
Administration 507 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
Restoration 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh , NC
Survey 3c Planning 515 N. Blount St, Raleigh, NC
Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4617 [phone] •733-8653
4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh 27699-4613 [phone].715-4801
4618 Mail ServiccCcnter, Raleigh 27699-4618 (919) 733f3763 •715-4801_

Federal Aid #: BR2r1541(3) TIP # : B-4317 County: Watauga
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR PROPERTIES NOT ELIGIBLE FOR
THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
Project Description: Replace Bridge No. lb on SR 1541 over Middle Fork Creek, in Watauga County (ER 02-8541)
2`T
On June ~$, 2005, representatives of the
[~ North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
^ Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (HPO)
^ Other
Reviewed the subject project at
^ Scoping meeting
Historic architectural resources photograph review session/cotsultation
^ Other
All parties present agreed
^ There are no properties over fifty years old within the project's area of potential effects.
® There are no properties less than fifty years old which are considered to meet Criteria Consideration G within the
project's area of potential effects.
® There are properties over fifty years old within the project's Area of Potential Effects (APE), but based on the
historical information available and the photographs of each property, the properties identified as (list below) are
considered not eligible for the National Register and no further evaluation of them are necessary.
~"°P ~-~ -s ~- ~ - 3
® There are no National Register-listed or Study Listed properties within the project's azea of potential effects.
© All properties greater than 50 years of age located in the APE have been considered at this consultation, and based
upon the above concurrence, all compliance for historic architecture with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
There are no historic properties affected by this project. (Attach any notes or doeumerrts as Reeded)
Signed:
~~ ~~y`~l~'S
Represen five, NCDOT Date
FHWA, for the Division Administrator, or other Federal Agency Date
If a survry report is preparrd, a final copy of this form and the attached list will be included.
~, ~~~•y
State Historic Preservation Officer Date

Natural Resources Technical Report
y~P~~OF NORTH CgROI~~

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OF TRAM
Proposed Replacement of Bridge No. 16
Over Middle Fork South Fork New River
Watauga County, North Carolina
State Project N0.8.2752401
NCDOT TIP NO. B-4317

REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE N0.16 ON SR 1541
OVER MIDDLE FORK SOUTH FORK NEW RIVER
WATAUGA COUNTY
TIP PROJECT NO. 8-4317
STATE PROJECT NO. 8.2752401
FEDERAL AID PROJECT NO. BRZ -1541(3)
NATURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
6-4317
PREPARED FOR:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
BY:
Stantec Consulting Services Inc.
801 Jones Franklin Road, Suite 300
Raleigh, NC 27606
March 12, 2002

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 1-1
1.4 QUALIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ........................................... 1-2
1.5 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................... 1-3
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND SOILS ............................................................................... 2-1
2.2 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 Water Resource Characteristics ................................................................ 2-2
2.2.2 Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources .................................................. 2-3
3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES ...................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES ............................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 Maintained/Disturbed Community .............................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 Rich Cove Forest Communitv ......................:............................................. 3-2
3.2 AQUATIC COMMUNITIES ..................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS TO BIOTIC COMMUNITIES ............... 3-3
3.3.1 Terrestrial Communities ............................................................................. 3-3
3.3.2 Aquatic Communities ................................................................................. 3-3
4.0 SPECIAL TOPICS ............................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES: JURISDICIONAL ISSUES ........................ 4-1
4.2 PERMITS ................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2.1 Bridge Demolition ....................................................................................... 4-2
4.2.2 Mitigation .................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3 RARE AND PROTECTED SPECIES ..................................................................... 4-3
4.3.1 Federally Protected Species ...................................................................... 4-4
4.3.2 Federal Species of Concern ...................................................................... 4-9
4.3.3 Summary of Anticipated Impacts ............................................................. 4-11
5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 5-1

TABLES
Table 4.3.1 -Federally Protected Species for Watauga County ................................................ 4-4
Table 4.3.2 -Federal Species of Concern for Watauga County .............................................. 4-10
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1.1.1 -Project Vicinity Map .............................................................................................. 1-4
Exhibit 1.1.2 -Project Study Area ............................................................................................... 1-5
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A -Photographic Record

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following Natural Resources Technical Report is submitted to assist in the preparation of a
Categorical Exclusion (CE) document.
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed project involves the replacement of Bridge No. 16 over Middle Fork South Fork New
River on SR 1541 in Watauga County, North Carolina (Exhibit 1.1.1).
1.2 PURPOSE
The purpose of this technical report is to inventory and describe the various natural resources likely
to be impacted by the proposed action. Assessments of the nature and severity of probable impacts
to these natural resources are provided, along with recommendations for measures that will
minimize resource impacts.
This report identifies areas of particular concern that may affect the selection of a preferred
alignment or may necessitate changes in design criteria. Such environmental concerns should be
addressed during the preliminary planning stages of the proposed project in order to maintain
environmental quality in the most efficient and effective manner. The analyses contained in this
document are relevant only in the context of the existing preliminary project boundaries. It may
become necessary to conduct additional field investigations should design parameters and criteria
change.
1.3 METHODOLOGY
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) provided aerial photography detailing
the proposed project study area (Exhibit 1.1.2). Prior to the field investigation published resource
information pertaining to the project study area was gathered and reviewed. The information
sources used to prepare this report include:
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map (Boone);
• Soil Survey Sheets for Watauga County, North Carolina (Draft);
1-1

• United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory Map;
• USFWS list of protected species (March 22, 2001);
• North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) database of rare species and unique
habitats (January 2001);
• North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) aerial photography of the project study
area (1:100); and
• North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) water resource data.
A general field survey was conducted within the project study area on August 29, 2001. Water
resources were identified and their physical characteristics were recorded. Terrestrial community
classifications generally follow Schafale and Weakley (1990) where possible, and plant taxonomy
follows Radford, et al. (1968). Vegetative communities were mapped utilizing aerial photography
of the project site (Exhibit 1.1.2). Wildlife were identified using a variety of observation techniques
including active searching, visual observations with binoculars, and identifying characteristic signs
of wildlife (sounds, tracks, scat, and burrows). Cursory surveys for aquatic organisms, including
tactile searches for benthic macroinvertebrates, were performed as well.
Investigation into wetland occurrence in the project study area was conducted using methods
outlined in the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory,
1987).
1.4 QUALIFICATIONS OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Investigator: Michael P. Eagan
Education: Bachelor of Science, Biology, University of South Florida
Prescribed Fire Boss: Florida Division of Forestry No. 19982847
Experience: Environmental Scientist, Stantec, Raleigh, NC, October 2000 to present.
Land Management Specialist, Southwest Florida Water Management
District, Brooksville, FL, 1999 to 2000.
Ecologist, Biological Research Associates, Inc., Tampa, FL, 1991 to 1999.
Expertise: Threatened and Endangered species surveys, natural community
assessment, mapping and management, wetland mitigation design and
monitoring.
1-2

1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this document, the following terms are used concerning the limits of natural
resources investigation:
• Project study area -denotes the potential construction area;
• Project vicinity -includes an area extending 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers) on all sides of the project
study area;
• Project region -equals an area represented by a United States Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-
minute quadrangle map with the project study area occupying the central position.
1-3

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North Carolina
.` Department of Transportation
~.... ,
Project Vicinity
SR 1541
Replace Bridge Na 16
o+~r Middle Fodc Leek
B-4317
Wahagua Count, Nath Carona
Not to Scale Exhibit 1.1.1

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,~ [3epahment of Transportation
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•
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES
2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND SOILS
The project lies within the Blue Ridge Mountain Physiographic Province. The topography of the
project vicinity is characterized as rolling hills with moderate to steeply sloping banks along the
major streams. Elevations in the project vicinity range from approximately 3,200 to 4,400 feet (975
to 1,341 meters) above mean sea level (msl). The elevation in the project study area is
approximately 3,280 feet (1,000 meters) above msl.
Watauga County does not have a published soil survey; however, field sheets are available for
review. The soil series found within the project study area are described below.
Dellwood very gravelly loamy fine sand, two to five percent slopes, occasionally flooded, is mapped
throughout the project study area. This soil is a nearly level to gently sloping, very deep, moderately
well drained soil found on flood plains in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Permeability is
moderately rapid. The seasonal high water table is within a depth of two to four feet (0.6 to 1.2
meters). This mapping unit is not listed on the hydric soils list.
Ashe-Chestnut complex, very rocky, 30 to 50 percent slopes, is mapped along the hillside southwest
of the bridge. This map unit consists of steep Chestnut and Ashe soils found on the ridges and
mountain slopes of the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Chestnut soils are moderately deep and
well drained. Permeability is moderately rapid. Ashe soils are moderately deep and somewhat
excessively well drained. Permeability is moderately rapid. A significant amount of gravel and
cobbles are present throughout these soils; occasional stones are scattered over the surface.
Neither Ashe nor Chestnut soils are listed on the hydric soils list.
2.2 WATER RESOURCES
The proposed project falls within the New River Basin, with a subbasin designation of 05-07-01.
Waters within the project study area include the Middle Fork South Fork New River.
2-1

2.2.1 Water Resource Characteristics
The Middle Fork South Fork New River flows north through the proposed project study area with a
width of approximately 37 feet (11.3 meters). The flow was moderate on the day of the field
investigation. The substrate consisted of cobbles, gravel, and sand. The water was clear on the
day of the site visit. The depth of the water ranged from a few inches in the riffles to over two feet
(0.6 meters) in the pools.
Streams have been assigned a best usage classification by the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality (DWQ) [formerly the Division of Environmental Management (DEM)] which reflects water
quality conditions and potential resource usage. Within the project study area, the classification for
the Middle Fork South Fork New River (Index No. 10-1-2-(6), 2/01/93) is "WS-IV Tr +". A
classification of "WS-IV" indicates waters used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or
food processing purposes. WS-IV waters are generally in moderately to highly developed
watersheds. The "Tr" denotes trout waters, which is a supplemental classification to protect
freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked trout. The "+" symbol identifies
waters subject to a special management strategy in order to protect downstream waters that are
designated Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW).
No waters classified as High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I: undeveloped
watershed, or WS-II: predominately undeveloped watersheds), or ORW occur within one mile (1.6
kilometers) of the project study area.
Point sources, such as wastewater discharges, located throughout North Carolina are permitted
through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. One NPDES
permittee is located within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the project study area. Advanced Realty
Property Management/Summit Woods (N00039608) is located approximately 0.5 miles (0.8
kilometers) upstream of the project study area. The facility is permitted to discharge industrial
processing and commercial wastewater.
Non-point source refers to runoff that enters surface waters through stormwater flow or no defined
point of discharge. stormwater runoff from SR 1541 and the surrounding residential properties may
reach Middle Fork South Fork New River and cause water quality degradation through the addition
of oil or gas residuals, particulate rubber, fertilizers, or other sources of contamination.
2-2

The Basinwide Monitoring Program, managed by the DWQ, is part of an ongoing ambient water
quality monitoring program that addresses long-term trends in water quality. The program monitors
ambient water quality by sampling at fixed sites for selected benthic macroinvertebrates, which are
sensitive to water quality conditions. Samples are evaluated on the number of taxa present of
intolerant groups [Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT)] and a taxa richness value (EPT
S) is calculated. A biotic index value is also calculated for the sample that summarizes tolerance
data for all species in each collection. The two rankings are given equal weight in final site
classification. The biotic index and taxa richness values primarily reflect the effects of chemical
pollution and are a poor measure of the effects of such physical pollutants as sediment. Stream and
river reaches are assigned a final bioclassification of either Excellent, Good, Good/Fair, Fair, or
Poor.
According to the information obtained from the New River Basinwide Water Quality Management
Plan (NCDENR, 2000), the DWQ does not have a sampling station on the Middle Fork South Fork
New River at the project study area. The closest station is located approximately 900 feet (274
meters) upstream of the project site. This station was last sampled in November 1989 and received
a rating of Good.
2.2.2 Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
Impacts to water resources in the project study area are likely to result from activities associated
with project construction, such as clearing and grubbing on streambanks, riparian canopy removal,
instream construction, fertilizers and pesticides used in revegetation, and pavement construction.
The following impacts to surface water resources are likely to result from the above mentioned
construction activities:
• Increased sedimentation and siltation downstream of the crossing and increased erosion in the
project study area;
• Changes in light incidence and water clarity due to increased sedimentation and vegetation
removal;
• Alteration of water levels and flows due to interruptions and/or additions to surface and ground
water flow from construction;
• Changes in and destabilization of water temperature due to vegetation removal;
• Changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels;
2-3

r ~
• Increased nutrient loading during construction via runoff from exposed areas;
• Increased concentrations of toxic compounds in roadway runoff;
• Increased potential for release of toxic compounds such as fuel and oil from construction
equipment and other vehicles; and
• Alteration of stream discharge due to silt loading and changes in surface and groundwater
drainage patterns.
In order to minimize potential impacts to water resources in the project study area, NCDOT's Best
Management Practices (BMPs) for the Protection of Surface Waters should be strictly enforced
during the construction phase of the project. Impacts can be further reduced by limiting instream
activities and revegetating stream banks immediately following the completion of grading.
2-4

3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
Living systems described in the following sections include communities of associated plants and
animals. These descriptions refer to the dominant flora and fauna in each community and the
relationship of these biotic components. Classification of plant communities is based on a system
used by the NCNHP (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). If a community is modified or otherwise
disturbed such that it does not fit into an NCNHP classification, it is given a name that best
describes cunent characteristics. Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable)
are used for the plant and animal species described. Subsequent references to the same species
include the common name only.
3.1 TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES
The predominant terrestrial communities found in the project study area are maintained/disturbed
and rich cove forest. Dominant faunal components associated with these terrestrial areas are
discussed in each community description. Many species are adapted to the entire range of habitats
found within the project study area but may not be mentioned separately in each community
description.
3.1.1 Maintained/Disturbed Community
The maintained/disturbed community comprises the majority of the project study area and includes
the road shoulders and residential properties within the project study area. Many plant species are
adapted to these disturbed and regularly maintained areas. The dominant species within the project
study area include fescue (Fesfuca sp.), ryegrass (Lolium sp.), white clover (Trifolium repens), red
clover (Trifolium pratense), goldenrod (Solidago sp.), aster (Astersp.), wild onion (Allium cemuum),
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and plantain (Plantago sp.).
The animal species present in these disturbed habitats are opportunistic and capable of surviving
on a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation (flowers, leaves, fruits, and seeds) to both living
and dead faunal components. A Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), Carolina Chickadee (Poecile
carolinensis), and Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) were observed during the site visit. Other
species such as the Eastem chipmunk (Tamias striatus), Eastem mole (Scalopus aquaticus), House
Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eastem Bluebird (Sialia sialis), American Robin (Turdus migratorius),
3-1

American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), and garter
snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) are often attracted to these disturbed habitats.
3.1.2 Rich Cove Forest Community
This community is found along the hillside southwest of the bridge. The canopy layer includes
northern red oak (Quercus rubra), cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata), yellow buckeye (Aesculus
octandra), yellow birch (Betu/a /utea), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and Eastern hemlock
(Tsuga canadensis). The understory consists of dogwood (Cornus florida), striped maple (Acer
pensylvanicum), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), mountain pepperbush (Clethra acuminata), and
rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.). The herbaceous layer includes violets (Viola sp.), Christmas
fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), cut-leaved coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata), spikenard (Aralia
racemosa), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans).
Species which may reside or forage in these areas include Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor),
Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), White-breasted
Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), American toad (Bufo americanus), Eastern box turtle (Terrapene
caroling caroling), northem short-tailed shrew (Blaring brevicauda), grey squirrel (Sciurus
carolinensis), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
3.2 AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
The aquatic community in the project study area includes the Middle Fork South Fork New River.
Vegetation along the stream banks consists of maintained grasses as well as pale jewelweed
(Impatiens pallida) and spotted jewelweed (Impatiens capensis). Scattered trees along the banks
include black willow (Salix nigra), Eastern hemlock, and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera).
Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were observed along the stream on the day of the site visit.
Stoneflies (Plecoptera), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), water pennies
(Coleoptera), and black flies (Diptera), were found under stones and woody debris in the creek.
According to Mr. Kevin Hining, District 7 Assistant Fisheries Biologist for the North Carolina Wildlife
Resource Commission (NCWRC), wild brown trout (Sa/mo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) are found in the Middle Fork South Fork New River.
3-2

3.3 SUMMARY OF ANTICIPATED IMPACTS TO BIOTIC COMMUNITIES
Biotic community impacts resulting from project construction are addressed separately as terrestrial
impacts and aquatic impacts. Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations exhibiting
slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment loads as a consequence of
erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in which the construction
activity occurs.
3.3.1 Terrestrial Communities
The rich cove forest and the maintained/disturbed communities serve as nesting, foraging, and
shelter habitat for fauna. Removal of plants and other construction related activities would result
in the displacement and mortality of faunal species in residence. Individual mortalities are like-y to
occur to terrestrial animals from construction machinery used during clearing activities.
Project construction will result in clearing and degradation of portions of these communities. Often,
project construction does not require the use of the entire right-of-way; therefore, actual impacts may
be considerably less.
3.3.2 Aauatic Communities
Impacts to the aquatic community of the Middle Fork South Fork New River will result from the
replacement of Bridge No. 16. Impacts are likely to result from the physical disturbance of aquatic
habitat. Activities such as the removal of trees, as well as the construction of the bridge and
approach work will likely result in an increase in sediment loads and water temperatures and a
decrease in dissolved oxygen. Construction activities can also increase the possibility of toxins,
such as engine fluids and particulate rubber, entering the waterways. The combination of these
factors can potentially cause the displacement and mortality of fish and local populations of
invertebrates which inhabit these areas.
Impacts to aquatic communities can be minimized by strict adherence to BMPs.
3-3

4.0 SPECIAL TOPICS
4.1 WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES: JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United States" as
defined in 33 CFR 328.3 and in accordance with provisions of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
(33 U.S.C. 1344). Waters of the United States are regulated by the United States Army Corps of
Engineers (USAGE).
Investigation into wetland occurrence in the project impact area was conducted using methods
outlined in the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory,
1987). No jurisdictional wetlands were found within the project study area.
Project construction cannot be accomplished without infringing on jurisdictional surface waters.
Anticipated surface water impacts fall under the jurisdiction of the USAGE.
4.2 PERMITS
In accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344), a permit is required from
the USAGE for projects of this type for the discharge of dredged or fill material into "Waters of the
United States".
A Nationwide Permit 23 is likely to be applicable for all impacts to Waters of the United States
resulting from the proposed project. This permit authorizes activities undertaken, assisted,
authorized, regulated, funded or financed, in whole or part, by another federal agency or department
where that agency or department has determined, pursuant to the Council on Environmental Quality
(CEQ) Regulation for the Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental
Policy Act:
(1) that the activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from environmental
documentation because it is included within a category of actions which neither
individually nor cumulatively have a significant effect on the environment, and
(2) the office of the Chief of Engineers has been furnished notice of the agency's or
department's application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with that
determination.
4-1

A Nationwide Permit 33 will be required if an on-site temporary detour is needed during construction
of Bridge No. 16. This permit authorizes temporary structures, work and discharges, including
cofferdams, necessary for construction activities or access fills or dewatering of construction sites;
provided the associated primary activity is authorized by the USACE or the U.S. Coast Guard, or
for other construction activities not subject to the USACE or U.S. Coast Guard regulations.
A 401 Water Quality Certification, administered through the DWQ, will also be required. This
certification is issued for any activity which may result in a discharge into waters for which a federal
permit is required.
4.2.1 Bridge Demolition
The removal of the substructure may create some disturbance in the streambed. Conditions in the
stream will not raise sediment concerns since the substrate contains cobbles, gravel, and sand;
therefore, a turbidity curtain is not recommended.
According to comments received from Mr. Kevin Hining, District 7 Assistant Fisheries Biologist for
the NCWRC, Middle Fork South Fork New River is Designated Public Mountain Trout Water and
classified as Hatchery Supported by the NCWRC. As stated previously in Section 3.2, wild brown
trout and rainbow trout are found in this stream; therefore, instream construction is prohibited from
November 1 to April 15 to avoid impacts on trout reproduction.
4.2.2 Mitigation
The USACE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a wetland mitigation
policy which embraces the concept of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing. The purpose of this
policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological, and physical integrity of waters of the United
States, specifically wetlands. Mitigation of wetland impacts has been defined by the CEQ to include:
avoiding impacts, minimizing impacts, rectifying impacts, reducing impacts over time, and
compensating for impacts (40 CFR 1508.20). Each of these three aspects (avoidance, minimization,
and compensatory mitigation) must be considered sequentially.
Avoidance -Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to
waters of the United States. According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the
4-2

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the USACE, in determining "appropriate and practicable"
measures to offset unavoidable impacts, such measures should be appropriate to the scope and
degree of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost, existing technology, and logistics in light of
overall project purposes.
Minimization -Minimization includes examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce
adverse impacts to waters of the United States. Implementation of these steps will be required through
project modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically focuses on decreasing the footprint
of the proposed project through reduction of median widths, right-of-way widths, fill slopes and/or road
shoulder widths.
Compensatory Mitigation -Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated
impacts to waters of the United States have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent
possible. It is recognized that "no net loss of wetlands" functions and values may not be achieved in
each and every permit action. Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation is required for
unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been
required. Compensatory actions often include restoration, creation and enhancement of Waters of
the United States. Such actions should be undertaken in areas adjacent to or contiguous with the
discharge site.
Compensatory mitigation is required for those projects authorized under Section 404 Nationwide
Permits that result in the fill or alteration of more than 0.5 acre (0.2 hectares) of wetlands and/or 300
linear feet (91.4 meters) of streams.
4.3 RARE AND PROTECTED SPECIES
Some populations of plants and animals have been or are in the process of decline due to factors
such as natural forces, competition from introduced species, or human related impacts such as
destruction of habitat. Rare and protected species listed for Watauga County and any likely impacts
to these species as a result of the proposed project construction are discussed in the following
sections.
4-3

4.3.1 Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists six federally protected species for
Watauga County as of the March 22, 2001 listing (Table 4.3.1).
A review of the NCNHP database of rare species and unique habitats shows no recorded
occurrences of any federally protected species in the project vicinity.
TABLE 4.3.1
FEDERALLY-PROTECTED SPECIES FOR WATAUGA COUNTY
Scientific.. Name -Status
Common Name
Clemmys muhlenbergii T(S/A)
(Bog turtle)
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E
(Carolina northern flying squirrel)
Microhexura monfivaga E
(Spruce-fir moss spider)
Geum radiatum E
(Spreading avens)
Houstonia montana E
(Roan mountain bluet)
Liatris helleri T
(Heller's blazing star)
.,,,~~,.
E Endangered (a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range).
T Threatened (a species that is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable
future throughout alt or a significant portion of its range).
T(S/A) Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance (a species that is threatened due to
similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection).
4-4

Clemmys muhlenbergii (Bog turtle) T(S/A)
Family: Emydidae
Date Listed: November 4, 1997
Bog turtles are small [3 to 4.5 inches (7.6 to 11.4 centimeters)] semiaquatic turtles that have a dark
brown carapace and black plastrons. They usually exhibit distinctive orange or yellow blotches on
each side of the head and neck.
The bog turtle inhabits shallow, spring fed fens, sphagnum bogs, swamps, marshy meadows,
pastures which have soft, muddy bottoms, and clear, cool, slow-flowing water, often forming a
network of rivulets. Bog turtles inhabit damp grassy fields, bogs, and marshes in the mountains and
upper Piedmont.
The bog turtle is not biologically endangered or threatened and is not subject to Section 7
consultation.
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
(Carolina northern flying squirrel)
Sciuridae
E
Family:
Date Listed:
July 1, 1985
Carolina northern flying squirrels are small nocturnal mammals that are three to five ounces (85
to 142 grams) in weight and 10 to 12 inches (25 to 31 centimeters) in length. They possess a long,
broad, flattened tail, prominent eyes, and dense fur. The northem flying squirrels closely resemble
southem flying squirrels but are larger and have richer colors. Adults are gray with a brownish, tan,
or reddish wash on the back, and grayish white or bully white undersides. The northern flying
squirrel can apparently subsist on lichens and certain fungi, but also eats certain seeds, buds, fruit,
staminate cones, insects, and other animal material.
They typically live at elevations above 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) in spruce-fir forests and forests of
mixed conifers and hardwoods. They use both areas to search for food, while the hardwood areas
are needed for nesting sites. Research suggests that the more aggressive southem flying squirrel
has begun to force the northern species out of the hardwood forests, which reduces favorable
4-5

f
nesting sites and, therefore, reproduction by the northern flying squirrel.
Habitat is not present in the project study area; the project study area is located at approximately
3,200 feet (975 meters) above msl, which is well below the elevation for suitable habitat. A search
of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of this species within the project vicinity.
It can be concluded that the construction of the proposed project will not impact the Carolina
northern flying squirrel.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Microhexura montivaga (Spruce-fir moss spider) E
Family: Dipluridae
Date Listed: February 6, 1995
The spruce-fir moss spider is a small [0.10 to 0.15 inches (0.25 to 0.38 centimeters)] spider which
ranges in color from light brown to yellow-brown to a darker reddish brown. It has no markings on
its abdomen. It is identified by its chelicerae which project forward beyond the anterior edge of the
carapace. It also has very long spinnerets and a second pair of book lungs.
The spruce-flr moss spider inhabits only mature Fraser fir and red spruce forest communities of the
highest elevations [greater than 5,000 feet (1,524 meters)]. The typical habitat is well drained, damp
moss mats growing on rocks and boulders. It prefers well-shaded places in these forests where it
constructs tube shaped webs in the interface between the moss mat and rock surface.
No habitat is present for the spruce-fir moss spider within the project study area. The project study
area is located at approximately 3,200 feet (975 meters) above msl, which is well below the
elevation for suitable habitat. A search of the NCNHP showed no recorded occurrences of this
species within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the construction of the proposed project
will not impact the spruce-fir moss spider.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
4-6

Geum radiatum
Family:
Date Listed:
(Spreading avens)
Rosaceae
April 5, 1990
E
Spreading avens is a perennial herb topped with an indefinite cyme of large, bright, yellow flowers.
Its leaves are mostly basal with large terminal lobes and small laterals, and they arise from
horizontal rhizomes. Plant stems grow eight to 20 inches (20 to 51 centimeters) tall. Flowering
occurs from June to September, and the fruits are produced from August to October.
Spreading avens inhabits high elevation cliffs, outcrops, and steep slopes which are exposed to full
sun. It is also found in thin, gravelly soils or grassy balds near summit outcrops. The adjacent
spruce/fir forests [generally found above 5,500 feet (1,676 meters) in elevation] are dominated by
red spruce and Fraser fir. The substrate at all the population sites is composed of various igneous,
metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.
No habitat is located in the project study area for this species; the project study area is
approximately 3,200 feet (975 meters) above msl, which is well below the elevation for suitable
habitat. A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of this species within
the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the construction of the proposed project will not impact
spreading avens.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Houstonia montana (Roan mountain bluet) E
Family: Rubiaceae
Date Listed: April 5, 1990
Roan mountain bluet is a perennial herb with erect or ascending, unbranched or weakly terminally
branched stems up to 8.5 inches (21 centimeters) tall. Its inflorescence is afew-flowered cyme with
bright, deep purple flowers. Flowering occurs from late May through August, with peak flowering
usually in June and July. This variety is distinguished from other bluets by its relatively large reddish
purple flowers, compact stature and clump-forming growth habit, and its exposed mountaintop
habitat.
4-7

s
Roan mountain bluet inhabits high elevation [4,200 to 6,300 feet (1,280 to 1,920 meters)] cliffs,
outcrops, and steep slopes which are exposed to full sunlight.
No habitat is located in the project study area for Roan mountain bluets the project study area is
located at approximately 3,200 feet (975 meters) above msl, which is well below the elevation for
suitable habitat. A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of this species
within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the construction of the proposed project will not
impact Roan mountain bluet.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
Liatris helleri (Heller's blazing star) T
Family: Asteraceae
Date Listed: November 19, 1987
Heller's blazing star is a perennial herb with one or more erect or arching stems which arise from
a tuft of narrow pale green basal leaves. Its stems reach up to 16 inches (41 centimeters) in height
and are topped by a showy spike of lavender flowers [three to eight inches (eight to 20 centimeters)
long], which are present from July through September. Fruits are present from September through
October.
Heller's blazing star is endemic to the northern Blue Ridge Mountains where it occurs on high
elevation rocky summits. It grows in shallow, acidic soils which are exposed to full sunlight.
No habitat is located in the project study area for Heller's blazing star; the project study area is
located at approximately 2,640 feet (805 meters) above msl, is well below the summit, and contains
no rocky outcrops. A search of the NCNHP database showed no recorded occurrences of this
species within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the construction of the proposed project
will not impact Heller's blazing star.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
4-8

4.3.2 Federal Species of Concern
Federal Species of Concem (FSC) are not legally protected under the Endangered Species Act and
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed
as Threatened of Endangered. FSC are defined as species that are under consideration for listing
for which there is insufficient information to support listing.
Some of these species are listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern by the NCNHP
list of Rare Plant and Animal Species and are afforded state protection under the State Endangered
Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979. Table 4.3.2
includes listed FSC species for Watauga County and their state classifications (January 2001).
A review of the NCNHP database of rare species and unique habitats showed one recorded
occurrence of an FSC species in the project vicinity. The Kanawha minnow (Phenacobius terefulus)
was found in an unnamed tributary to the Watauga River approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers)
downstream of the project study area.
4-9

TABLE 4.3.2
FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN FOR WATAUGA COUNTY
Scientific Name North Habitat
(+Common Name)' Carolina ' Present
Status
Neotoma magister* SC Yes
Alle han woodrat
Sylvilagus obscurus* SR Yes
A alachian cottontail
Dendroica cerulea SR Yes
Cerulean Warbler
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis SC Yes
Hellbender
Phenacobius teretulus SC Yes
Kanawha minnow
Poecile atricapillus practicus

(Southern Appalachian Black-capped SC No
Chickadee
Loxia curvirostra SR (PSC) No
Southern A alachian Red Crossbill
Aegolius acadicus SC (PT) No
Southern A alachian Saw-whet Owl
Sphyrapicus varius appalachiensis
(Southern Appalachian Yellow-bellied SR (PSC) No
Sa sucker
Sorex palustris punctulatus* SC Yes
Southern water shrew
Speyeria diana SR Yes
Diana fritilla butterfl
Lasmigona subviridus E Yes
Green floater
Geum geniculatum T Yes
Bent avens
Poa paludigena* E No
Bo blue rass
Jug/ans cinerea

(Butternut) W5 Yes
4-10

Scientific'Name NOS Habitat

. (Common Name) Carolina
Present
Status_
Abies fraseri C No
Fraser fir
Euphorbia purpurea'"' C Yes
Glades ur e
Lilium grayi T-SC Yes
Gra 's lil
Cardamine clematitis C Yes
Mountain bittercress
Delphinium exaltatum E-SC Yes
(Tall larkspur)
NOTES:
C Candidate (species for which population monitoring and conservation
action is recommended).
E Endangered (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
T Threatened (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
SC Special Concern (species which are afforded protection by state laws).
SR Significantly Rare (species for which population monitoring and
conservation action is recommended).
P Proposed (species that have been formally proposed for listing, but have
not yet completed the legally mandated listing process).
W Watch list (any other species believed to be rare and of conservation
concern in the state but not warranting active monitoring at this time)
'` Historic record -the species was last observed in the county more than
50 years ago (USFWS)
** Obscure record -the date and/or location of observation is uncertain
(USFWS)
4.3.3 Summary of Anticipated Impacts
No habitat is present in the project study area for any federally protected species. According to the
NCNHP, there have been no recorded occurrences of any rare or protected species within the
project study area. Therefore, no impacts to either federal or state listed species are anticipated.
4-11

.( ~
5.0 REFERENCES
Amoroso, J.L. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Conant, R. 1958. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America.
Houghton Mifflin Publishing, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
United States Department of the Interior, Washington DC.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Wetlands Delineation
Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Farrand, J., Jr. 1993. Audubon Society Guide to Animal Tracks of North America. Chanticleer
Press, New York, New York.
Hemmerly, Thomas E. 2000. Appalachian Wildflowers. University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA.
Justice, W. S. and C.R. Bell. 1968. Wild Flowers of North Carolina. University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
LeGrand, Jr., H.E. and S.P. Hall. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Animal Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey, and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of the
Carolinas and Virginias. University of Chapel Hilt Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown and Company, Boston,
Massachusetts.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality. 2000.
5-1

~ A
New River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. NCDENR, Raleigh, NC.
Palmer, W.M. and A.L. Braswell. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Robbins, C.S., B. Bruun and H.S. Zim. 1966. A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North
America. Western Publishing, Racine, Wisconsin.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Draft. Soil
Survey Field Sheets for Watauga County, North Carolina.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992 (updated 1996). Endangered and Threatened
Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book). United States Fish and Wildlife
Service Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia.
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell, and W.C. Biggs, Jr. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and
Maryland. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill NC.
Wherry, E.T. 1995. The Fern Guide to Northeastern and Midland United States and adjacent
Canada. Dover Publications, New York.
Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals. Alfred
Knopf Publishing, New York, New York
5-2

APPENDIX A
Photographic Record

WETLAND IMPACTS
. ~ '~/ ` ,
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B-4317
Photo #2: Bridge No.16 facing West.
Photo #1: Bridge ido.16 facing East.

B-4317
Photo #4: Middle Fork South Fork New River facing downstream.
Photo #3: Middle Fork South Fork New River facing upstream.

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NAMES AND ADDRESSES
NAMES ADDRESSES
SARAH AND 9~6 SHERW®®D LANE
REBECCA B®RDER3 STATESVILLE, NC 28697
N~~®~
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
WATAUGA COUNTY
PROJECT:336S~11 (B-(317)
REPLACE BRIDGE X16
OVER MIDDLE FORS CRg
ON SR 151 (PAYNE BRANCH RD)
~rsc~~r C- nF c