NC0004375_More Information (Received)_19880316

NPDES DOCVNENT ! CANNINO COVER SHEET
NPDES Permit:
NC0004375
Clariant Corporation
Document Type:
Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Complete File - Historical
Engineering Alternatives (EAA)
Correspondence
Owner Name Change
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,., „^i�1f1 --.-,- :.: ..7:::".i:sbiAT :.'sx`e^a`i-
Asdditional Information Received'
Instream Assessment (67b)
Speculative Limits
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Document Date:
March 16, 1988
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SANDOZCHEMICALS
Sandra CheeksIs Corporation
P.O. Box 669246
Charlotte, North Carolina 28266
704.827.9651
Telex 810.649.2224
March 16, 1988
Mr. R. Paul Wilms, Director
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, N. C. 27611
Attn: Mr. Dale 0vercash Re: NPDES No. NC0004375
Mount Holly Plant
Dear Mr. Wilms:
0n June 24, 1985, the Division of Environmental Management
and Duke Power made an agreement to maintain a minimum average
daily flow of 314 cubic feet per second from Mountain Island Dam
effective through July 1, 1990. Sandoz Chemicals Corp. is in the
process of requesting that Duke Power enter into a similar
agreement with Sandoz to extend the 314 cfs release rate through
the term of a renewed 5-year NPDES permit for our Mount Holly
Plant.
Sandoz is proceeding to make the necessary arrangements with
Duke Power and will supply the Division with the terms of such
agreement when it is completed.
Please contact me if more information is needed at this
time.
Sincerely,
l/�-�L��/1Gc• Alf L2j'aL
William M. Archer
Environmental Manager
WMA:aj

PHENOLS - It was our understanding from our meeting in February, 1990, that the State had
agreed to leave the total phenols limit unchanged in our renewed permit and to not duplicate this
limit for individual or combined phenols covered otherwise by the OCPSF standards. Sandoz had
pointed out last year that "Total Phenolics" in the N. C. Water Quality Standards is an aesthetic
parameter that is to be limited based on a 30Q2 stream flow. The 1 ug/1 criteria adopted by
North Carolina was derived by EPA from organoleptic data. With respect to such data, EPA
states, "criteria derived solely from organoleptic data are based upon aesthetic qualities only".
45 Fed. Reg. 79318. In establishing standard maximum contaminant levels, EPA also clearly
identified taste and odor as aesthetic parameters when it stated that it was concerned about
"expected aesthetic effects (primarily taste and odor)". 54 Fed. Reg. 22062. Since a limit based
on a 30Q2 stream flow would be considerably higher than our current limit, we see no
justification for reducing the current limits of 1.8 lbs/day monthly average and 3.6 lbs/day daily
max., monitored monthly.
This argument and several others apply to the duplicative application of this aesthetic standard
to the OCPSF phenolic parameters. In addition to phenol, the total phenols analytical procedure
measures several substituted phenols (and, as has been our experience, some non phenolics) as
phenol. These substituted phenols will have higher molecular weights than the phenol standard,
meaning these substituted phenols must be present at higher concentrations in ug/1 than phenol
to equal the same mole concentration as phenol. Also, the concentration associated with taste and
odor varies drastically depending on the phenol substituents. For instance, the EPA criteria for
2,4-dimethylphenol is 400 ug/1 based on taste and odor. This is 400 times higher than for phenol.
The criteria summary for dinitrophenol does not even mention taste and odor concerns in setting
a criteria of 70 ug/1. For these reasons, we believe that the OCPSF phenols (both individually
and combined) should be limited solely on the basis of BAT and BPJ. These limits in lbs/day as
worked out with your agency over a year ago are given below:
Daily Max. Monthly Ave.
2-Chlorophenol 1.95 0.62
2,4-Dichlorophenol 2.22 0.77
2,4-Dimethylphenol 0.71 0.36
2-Nitrophenol 2.08 1.23
4-Nitrophenol 3.74 2.17
2,4-Dinitrophenol 3.71 2.15
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 5.50 1.55
Phenol 2.70 1.56

Phenol - Page 2
Suggested language for the Mercury discussion:
The ELMR section regulates Mercury (Hg) at 0.022 lb/day, daily max. Sandoz does not use Hg
in any of its processes at the site. Hg detected at trace levels in years past is believed to have
been from low levels of Hg in caustic soda used as a manufacturing raw material. Upon
investigating this some months ago, we found that none of our caustic suppliers were any longer
using the mercury cell process. We analyzed secondary clarifier effluent for Hg on June 7, 14,
and 21 of 1990. All samples were below the detection limit (0.2 ug/1). We do not believe that
the inclusion of Hg in the permit is warranted given that the apparent historic source of
measurable Hg has been eliminated.
Add to the discharge 002 discussion:
Treatment of this process waste is likely to be on a batch basis making composite sampling
difficult and unnecessary. We request that the sample type be designated as "composite, or grab
if discharge is on a batch basis".
Discharge limitations are given for "Organic Pesticide Chemicals". This term is defined in
40CFR 455.21 (c) as "the sum of all organic ingredients listed in 455.20 (b) which are
manufactured at a facility subject to this subpart." Norflurazon is not included in this list, and
thus the Organic Pesticide Chemical limitation does not apply to the Norflurazon wastewater
discharge.
Biological treatment may be used to treat this wastewater. If this is the case, Sandoz requests that
the permit allow us to combine any waste biological sludge with sludges from the main
wastewater treatment plant for dewatering and disposal.

SA NDOZ CHEMICALS COttr
EciVIRONMENTAL SERVICES DEPT.
FEB 18 1988
State of North Carolina RECEIVED
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
James G. Martin, Governor
S. Thomas Rhodes, Secretary
Mr. William M. Archer
Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
P.O. Box 669246
Charlotte, N.C. 28266
Dear Mr. Archer:
February 4, 1988
R. Paul Wilms
Director
Subject: NPDES Permit No. NC0004375
Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
Mecklenburg County
On June 24, 1985, the Division of Environmental Management and Duke Power made
an agreement to maintain a minimum average daily flow of 314 cubic feet per second
(cfs) from Mountain Island Dam effective through July 1, 1990. Therefore, the
Division of Environmental Management can renew your permit through June 30, 1990 based
on the above mentioned agreement.
However, as you are aware, the Division usually renews permits for a five year
period. Therefore, if an agreement is made between Duke Power and Sandoz Chemicals
Corporation which causes Duke Power to extend the 314 cfs release rate beyond the July
1, 1990 date, the Division will renew the permit accordingly for a period up to five
years.
A permitting alternative would be for the Division to renew the permit through
June 30, 1990 based on the above mentioned minimum average daily flow of 314 cubic
feet per second, and to renew the permit for the remaining years of the five year
period with the applicable effluent limits based on the minimum instantaneous
discharge of 80 cfs from Mountain Island Dam.
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

Please review the above permitting scenarios. Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
should respond to this Division within 30 days outlining your course of action so that
we will know how to proceed with the permit renewal process. If you have any
questions, please contact Mr. Dale Overcash at [phone].
Sinceely, "' /
R. Paul Wilms
cc: Mr. Ron McMillian
Mr. Dale Overcash
Mr. Trevor Clements

Date: January 12, 1988
NPDES STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS : ' ~ <
County: Mecklenburg
NPDES Permit No. NC 0004375
JAN 20 1988
PART I - GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Facility and Address: Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
Post Office Box 669246
Charlotte, North Carolina 28266
2. Date of Investigation: October 6, 1987
3. Report Prepared By: J. Thurman Horne, P. E.
4. Person Contacted and Telephone Number: Mr. William M.
Archer, II: 704/827-9651
5. Directions to Site: From the intersection of N. C. Highway
27 and N. C. Highway 273, travel east on N. C. Highway 27
approximately 0.6 mile. The facility is located on the
right (south) side of Highway 27 on the eastern bank of the
Catawba River.
6. Discharge Point - Latitude: 35° 16' 55"
Longitude: 81° 00' 30"
Attach a USGS Map Extract and indicate treatment plant site
and discharge point on map.
USGS Quad No.: F 14 SE
7. Size (land available for expansion and upgrading): The
existing wastewater treatment facilities are located .on a
site encompassing approximately 40 acres. Sandoz owns
considerably more adjacent land and there is morhI ED
adequate land available for future expansion and�yV
modifications. J U ! 27 1991
8. Topography (relationship to flood plain included) 'TN eFILE COPY
terrain varies from mildly rolling to relatively a in
areas adjacent to the river. It is possible that portions
of the existing facilities are located within the 100 year
flood plain but dike elevations, etc. are such that there
appears to be adequate protection from flooding.
9. Location of Nearest Dwelling: None within 1000 feet.
10. Receiving Stream or Affected Surface Waters: The Catawba
River
a. Classification: WS-III
b. River Basin and Subbasin No.: 03-08-3,JJ
3Y'

Page Two
c. Describe receiving stream features and pertinent
downstream uses: The receiving stream is the
headwaters of Lake Wylie, a hydroelectric impoundment.
There is a hydroelectric dam located approximately
four (4) miles upstream that impounds Mtn. Island
Lake. The water intake which serves the Town of
Belmont is located approximately four (4) miles
downstream of the discharge. The river is used
extensively for primary and secondary recreation.
PART II - DESCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT WORKS
1. Type of wastewater: 2.2% Domestic
97.8% Industrial
a. Volume of Wastewater: 3.9 MGD (summer)
2.6 MGD (winter)
b. Types and quantities of industrial wastewater:
1. Contaminated groundwater = 300,000 gpd
2. Manufacture of dyes and organic chemicals =
1,400,000 gpd
3. Manufacture of herbicides = 40,000 gpd
4. Cooling water = 100,000 gpd
5. Boiler blowdown and condensate = 100,000 gpd
6. Storm water = 200,000 gpd
7. Water treatment plant discharge = 300,000 gpd
c. Prevalent toxic constituents in wasteawter: Results
of Sandoz and DEM sampling have shown significant
effluent concentrations of aluminum, iron, manganese,
sulfate, nitrate, MBAS and phenols. The application
documents contain a priority pollutant analysis.
Sandoz intends to introduce a new wastewater stream
from the production of herbicides containing
norflurazon. Information pertaining to the expected
wastewater characteristics is included in the
application documents.
d. Pretreatment Program (POTWs only): N/A
2. Production Rates (industrial discharges only) in Pounds:
a. Highest month in the last 12 months: SIC 2865 -
11,579,000; SIC 2879 - 225,000
b. Highest year in last 5 years: SIC 2865 - 110,962,000;
SIC 2879 - 1,957,000
3. Description of Industrial Process
Applicable CFR Part and Subpart:
a. CFR Part 414.83
b. CFR Part 455.24
(for industries only) and
KECELVED
JUL 27 1991
CENTRAL FILE COPY

Page Three
4. Type of Treatment (specify whether proposed or existing):
The existing wastewater treatment plant contains a series
of earthen basins for acid neutralization, preaeration and
equalization, gypsum settling, biological treatment,
thiosulfate oxidation, effluent polishing and effluent
storage. There are also gravity clarifiers, pH adjustment,
chlorination and post aeration facilities. The applicant
has submitted a request for Authorization to Construct
proposed new clarifiers, sludge holding and sludge
dewatering facilities.
5. Sludge Handling and Disposal Scheme: Sludge is currently
being stored in existing earthen lagoons. Sandoz has
indicated that they are preparing to submit an application
to DEM for a sludge landfilling permit.
6. Treatment Plant Classification: Class IV (Note: This
facility is currently listed as Class III. A new rating
sheet has been sent to John Campbell which reflects the
revised rating.
7. SIC Code(s): 2865 4941 2879
Wastewater Code(s): 31 34 14 02 16 21 66
PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION
1. Is this facility being constructed with Construction Grants
Funds (municipals only)? N/A
2. Special monitoring requests: It is recommended that the
Permit contain a requirement for continued monitoring for
chronic toxicity.
As is the case with the present Permit, the renewed Permit
should continue to have a requirement for staged discharge.
3. Additional effluent limits requests: Toxicity limits
should be based on minimum instantaneous release (95 cfs).
4. Other: None
RECEIVED
JUL 27 1991
CENTRAL FILE COPY

Page Four
PART IV - EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the Permit be reissued with
limitations reflective of the recently issued applicable Federal
guidelines.
7'Signatu --6f Report Preparer
Water Qualitytegional Supervisor
RECEIVED
JUL ;Y( 1199
CENTRAL FILE COPY

North Carolina Division Of Environmental Management
Water Quality Section / Technical Services Branch
Intensive Survey Unit
14 December 1987
MEMORANDUM
To: Trevor Clement$
Thru: Jay Sauber .1
From: Howard Bryant IPi.vt/
Subject: Sodyeco BOD Longterm �oNDOZ
1\1\ E i CrJ Evt is CP ea
Date Collected: 28 July 1987
(1010)
Collector: D. Haynes
Day
0
5
8
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
132
2.7
4.5
8.0 0.20
10.2
11.5
12.5
14.8
17.1
18.5
19.8
20.7
21.3 0.07
22.1
22.6
24.5
B0D NH3
0.47
0.45
0.14
0.17
0.10
Setup: 29 July 1987
(1420)
TKN NOX
3.6 24.0
4.0 22.0
5.8 23.0
3.5 26.0
6.7 " 26.0
3.0 25.0
3.5
!!EGD
7jo ,A- = L3, 3
o3
Comments: Cary Lab 80D5: 2.4 mg/1. pH: 6.95
Sulfite: 2 drops Bi ni odate: 1 drop '
Total phosphorus: 0.28 mg/1
Test evaluation: good
TOT N Reps
27.6
26.0 9
8
28.6 8
7
29.5 7
6
32.7 6
5
28.0
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SANDOZCHEMICALS
Sandoz Comical. Comoratien
P.O. Box 669246
Charlotte, North Carolina 28266
704.827.9651
Telex 810.649.2224
December 4, 1987
Mr. Thurman Horne
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
P. 0. Box 950
Mooresville, NC 28115
Re: Sandoz Chemicals Corp., Mount Holly Plant
Dear Mr. Horne:
Enclosed is the information you requested about the
percentage of time that the average hourly river flow of the
Catawba River is within various ranges. As I explained on the
phone, this information is based on a sampling of the daily
computer printouts from our staged discharge controller. For
1985 and 1986 I randomly chose 4 days per month for my
calculation. For 1987 I chose a total of 50 days randomly
distributed throughout the first three quarters of the year.
Since our river flow calculation is based on electric
turbine output, leakage at Mt. Island Dam, and the 7Q10 flow of
Dutchman Creek, the actual flow may be somewhat different. I
have ordered some data from Duke Power to compare with our data.
We do occasionally lose our signal from the dam for a few hours
and thus might have missed periods of turbine operation. I will
let you know if Duke Power's data is very different.
1986 was an extremely dry year, perhaps representing a 100
year low flow situation. 0ur data reflects this, showing an
average river flow in 1986 of about 1300 cfs compared to about
2700 cfs for the first 305 days of 1987. I counted a total of
eight days in 1986 that the river flow was at its minimum. By
coincidence, the DEM Technical Services Branch performed a
benthic study of the river around our discharge in the late
summer of 1986 when impacts on the river of low flow would have
been most evident. Their study generally concluded that the
river was not showing stress from our discharge.
data.
Please contact me if you have any questions or need more
Sincerely,
C�' 4
William M. Archer
Environmental Manager

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Discharge by
Equation 112
Sandoz Chemicals
Staged Discharge Requirements
Flow Diagram
Discharge by
Equation 112
(as allowed for
flow of 95-175 cfs
Are any turbines operating?
0
Is it 7 A.M.%
jo.z
Yes
i
Begin 1st day
of month @ 7 A.M.
,e7
Are any turbines
operating?
Yes
Yes
Is this the
last day of
the month?
STOP
Discharge by
Equation 111
Is it 7 P.M.?
Are any turbines
operating?
Yes
Yo
0
s it 7 A.M.
Yes
Calculate Daily Flow from
Yes 7 A.M. to 7 P.M.
Is the daily flow greater
than 329 cfs?
r--
CO
z
rn

Discharge by
Equation #2
Sandoz Chemicals
Staged Discharge Requirements
Flow Diagram
Discharge by
Equation #2
(as allowed for
flow of 95-175 cfs)
Are any turbines operating?
z
0
it 7 A.M.
Yes
C
Pr
A r CI
T
rn
� LD
1
Begin 1st day
of month @ 7 A.M.
Are any turbines
operating?
Yes
Yes
Is this the
last day of
the month?
m
STOP
Discharge by
Equation #1
it 7 P.M..
vr1)
0)
Are any turbines
operating?
Yes
0
s it 7 A.M.?
Yes
Calculate Daily Flow from
7 A.M. to 7 P.M.
Is the daily flow greater
than 329 cfs?

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JUL 27 1991
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REV DAT
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SUBMITTAL
DESCRIPTION
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SANDOZ CHEMICAL CORPORATION, MI HOLLY PLANT

Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
Toxicity Examination
NPDES#NC0004375
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North Caroline Department of Natural
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MOBILE 111
Bioassay and Biomonitoring
LABCRA TOR
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION
FEBRUARY,1987

SANDOZ CHEMICAL CORPORATION
TOXICITY EXAMINATION
NPDES * NC0004375
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Toxicity Examination 2
Chemical Sampling Analysis 9
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Analysis 18
Conclusions 28
Recommendations 29
Footnotes 30
Appendix 31
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Sandoz Chemicals Study Area 3
Figure 2. Sandoz WWTP Schematic 4
Figure 3. Seven -Day Ceriodaphnia Mortality, Sandoz Chemicals Corporation7
Figure 4. Seven -Day Ceriodaphnia Mean Cumulative Reproduction
(Live young only) 10
Figure 5. Seven -Day Ceriodaphnia Mean Cumulative Reproduction
(Live and dead young) 11
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. Mean 7 Day Reproduction for Ceriodaphnia 8
Table 2. Sampling Site Descriptions, Sandoz Chemicals 12
Table 3. Chemical Analyses Results, Sandoz Chemicals 13
Table 4. Summary of Al, Fe, Mn Analyses and Toxicity Information 17
Table 5. Taxa Richness Totals, Catawba River Study, Gaston/Mecklenburg
Counties. September 1986 20
Table 6. Species List for Catawba River Study 21

INTRODUCTION
An intensive on -site toxicity evaluation was conducted at Sandoz Chemicals
(NC0004375) from September 15-20, 1986. This wastewater treatment facility
treats industrial wastewater generated by Sandoz specialty chemicals production
processes. Domestic waste from the plant also enters the waste treatment facil-
ity.
This report contains findings of biological and chemical sampling including
the following:
1.) 48 hour static bioassays using Daphnia pulex on effluent samples to
determine acute toxicity.
2.) 96 hour flow -through bioassay using Pimephales promelas (fathead
minnows) on effluent samples to determine acute toxicity.
3.) Seven-day static replacement suppression bioassay using Ceriodaphnia
dubia to determine chronic toxicity.
4.) Analysis of chemical samples from the treatment plant effluent, the
receiving stream upstream and downstream of the discharge, and the
dilution water source.
5.) Analysis of samples from the receiving stream benthic macroinvertebrate
communities to determine the discharge's impact on receiving stream
populations.
The Sandoz wastewater treatment facility discharges effluent to the Catawba
ws/
River (Class Aril). The flow of the Catawba River is regulated by the Mountain
Island Dam approximately 4 river miles upstream of the Sandoz discharge. The
minimum daily average release of the dam, plus tributary 7010 flow into the river
between the dam and the discharge point, is 329 cfs. The permitted flow for the
Sandoz discharge varies based on the release rate from the dam and (effluent NH,,
BOD, and phenol concentrations but has a maximum of 3.9 MGD. Using these val-

ues, an instream waste concentration (IWC) of 1.8% is obtained for low stream
flow conditions.
The discharge of the Mt. Holly Wastewater Treatment Plant is located
slightly downstream and across the Catawba River from the Sandoz discharge point.
The intake for the Town of Belmont water supply is located approximately 3.5
river miles downstream of the Sandoz discharge at the US 74/29 bridge. (See Fig-
ure 1, Sandoz Chemicals Study Area.)
A schematic diagram of the wastewater treatment facility is presented in
Figure 2. Pretreatment of some incoming process wastewater streams includes
aeration to oxidize sulfite to thiosulfate. All acidic process waste streams
enter at the headworks of the wastewater treatment plant. Acid neutralization
using caustic can be performed at this location as required. Overflow is stored
in an adjacent earthen basin. The main acid waste stream flows to a second acid
neutralization basin to be treated with lime. The wastewater then flows to a
large earthen basin for gypsum settling. The alkaline process wastewater stream
enters the basin after settling, and mixing occurs. The next earth basin has
mechanical mixers for further mixing and thiosulfate oxidation/pre-aeration. The
following basin utilizes aerated activated sludge for biological treatment. A
polymer is added prior to the gravity clarifier to aid in settling. All sludge
is returned to the mixing basin. Settling and post -aeration basins complete the
wastewater treatment process. A sluice gate and pump facilities are located at
the end of the post -aeration basin. These facilities are capable of diverting
some, or all, of the effluent flow to a storage lagoon capable of holding 6
months wastewater. This lagoon drains to the gypsum settling/mixing basin.
TOXICITY EXAMINATION
This on -site toxicity examination was performed as a result of four bioas-
says conducted by DEM indicating acute toxicity of the Sandoz effluent. The
results of these tests are as follows:

Figure 1. Sandoz Chemicals Study Area
Mt. Holly
WWTP
NC 273
rij
Belmont ater
SR 2079
Supply Intake
Station 01 3 Station 04
44 •
VAC 27
.s�
Long Creek
}
Sandoz
Station 05
Catawba River
I-85
Station 03
US 29/74
Station 06
t
~3000 ft
-3-

Figure 2. Sandoz WWTP Schematic
Acid
Neutralization
Basin (Lime)
Storage for
Acid Overfl
and Upset
Entrance of
Alkaline
vvi
Entrance of
Acid Streams/
Acid Neutralization
(Caustic)
Streams
Activated Sludge
Aeration Basin
-4-
Station 02-Bioassay:
Sampling Point
Final Aeration
Final Settling
Settling/
Polishing
Clarifier
Chlorin Contact Cjiamber
not in use)

Test Date Test Type LCso
810915 48 hour Daphnia pulex static 86
850501 II II III II 80
860820 n n n n85
860903 in II if II P15
An LCBO value refers to the effluent concentration lethal to 50% of the test
population during the specified time interval. The P15 value denotes 15% mor-
tality at 90% effluent.
In July 1985, the Division of Environmental Management instituted a self -
monitoring bioassay requirement specifying monthly aquatic toxicity bioassays
with a target LC50 of greater than 90%. Results of the tests reported to date
a►e as follows:
Test Date
48 Hr Daphnia pulex,
LCD°
July 1985 )100%
August 1985 98%
September 1985 93%
October 1985 ) 100%
November 1985 94%
December 1985 63%
January 1986 80%
February 1986 44%
March 1986 57%
April 1986 57%
May 1986 65%
June 1986 None
July 1986 P25
August 1986 88%
September 1986 P15
October 1986 85%
November 1986 82%
December 1986 59%
Four toxicity tests were conducted during the on -site investigation: a 96
hour flow -through bioassay using Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows); two 48
hour static Daphnia pulex bioassays; and a 168 hour static replacement reproduc-
tion suppression bioassay using Ceriodaphnia dubia. Effluent samples for all
bioassays were collected at the sluice gate at the end of the final aeration
basin, unless otherwise specified. Dilution water for these tests was obtained

from Long Creek at NC-27. This dilution water was tested prior to use in the
on -site investigation with the Ceriodaphnia reproduction bioassay and yielded
reproduction similar to that of Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory culture water.
The flow -through bioassay was conducted from 09:25 September 16 to 09:25
September 20, 1986. The fathead minnows used for this bioassay were cultured a•t
the Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory and were 42 days old at test initiation. The
minnows were acclimated to Long Creek water September 11 and 12, 1986. Ten
organisms were transferred to each test chamber approximately 19 hours prior to
test initiation. Replicates at six concentrations of effluent (5, 10, 25, 50,
75, 100%) and control/dilution were tested. No mortality was observed in any
test chamber at 96 hours. The fathead minnow 96 hour LC60 was reported as
"None".
Two 48 hour Daphnia pulex static bioassays were performed on the effluent.
One test used a 24 hour composite sample collected on September 17-18 at the
sluice gate as described above, while the other bioassay was performed on a Sep-
tember 18 grab sample collected from the end of the effluent channel immediately
before the effluent discharges to the Catawba River. No mortality was observed
in either test at 48 hours. A 48 hour LC80 of "None" was reported for both
Daphnia pulex tests.
The seven-day static replacement Ceriodaohnia dubia reproduction bioassay
was conducted from September 15-22, 1986. Acute toxicity was detected with a 168
hour (7 day) LC60 of 91% for C. dubia. Mortality for this test is depicted in
Figure 3.
Dead young were observed in test cups in the 10, 25, 50 and 75% effluent
concentrations. It cannot be determined whether these young were nearly full
term aborted (dead) embryos, full term young born dead, or full term young born
live that died before the test cups were observed for production of young. Total
live and dead young recorded is presented in Table 1.

Figure 3. Seven Day Cerl odaphn l a Mortality, Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
100+s
R
T
0
X
I
C
A
N
T 10
V
0
L
U
M
E
1
LOG -CONCENTRATION VS % MORTALITY
T
6.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 50 90 100
R MORTALITY
168 Hour LC50=9 1%

Table 1. Mean 7 Day Reproduction for Ceriodaphnia
Mean
Effluent # Live Young
0.00 24.7
0.01 25.1
0.10 26.5
1.00 24.8
10.00 2.4
25.00 0.3
50.00
75.00
100.00
Mean Mean
# Dead Youna # Total Young
9.3
13.9
4.9
3.3
24.7
25.1
26.5
24.8
11.7
14.2
4.9
3.3
0.0

The production of non -viable young is as much an adverse effect of the
effluent on the test organism as is total lack of reproduction. To determine the
chronic toxicity of the Sandoz effluent, only live young were considered in the
statistical analysis. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was 1%, with a
significant decrease in reproduction observed at 10% (Lowest Observed Effect
Concentration, or LOEC). A Chronic Value (ChV) of 3.16% was calculated from this
data as defined by EPA 600/4-85/014.1 Mean cumulative reproduction of live young
is presented in Figure 4, and of live and dead young in Figure 5.
CHEMICAL SAMPLING ANALYSIS
Samples of effluent, bioassay dilution water, and the receiving stream were
collected for chemical analysis on two dates while on -site. These samples were
sent to the Division of Environmental Management's chemistry laboratory for ana-
lysis. Sampling stations are described in Table 2, and presented in a schematic
diagram of the study area in Figure 1. All samples were collected as instanta-
neous grabs with the exception of Station 02 (bioassay sampling point) which was
collected as a 24 hour composite. Results of chemical analyses are presented in
Table 3. As Station 03 (downstream site) is also located below the Mt. Holly
WWTP discharge, comparison of upstream (01) and downstream (03) chemistry results
should take into account the influence of this waste stream.
Analysis of the effluent (Station 02) shows elevated hardness, specific con-
ductance, and residue. Hardness was reported at 1100 mg/I CaCO, on September 18
and 1300 mg/I on September 20.
The large quantities of lime (CaOH) used in the Sandoz waste treatment
process to raise the pH of some influent streams is a likely source of these
elevated CaCO8 levels. Specific conductance was reported at 5200 and 5500
umhos/cm on September 18 and 20. Total effluent residue values of 4600 mg/I and
5300 mg/1 were reported for samples from September 18 and 20, respectively, with
the major portion (4400 and 5000 mg/I respectively) reported as total fixed

Figure 4, Seven Day Ceriodaphnia Mean Cumulative Reproduction (live young only)
30
25
20
MEAN LIVE
YOUNG 15
PRODUCED
10
5
0
3
Mean Cumulative Reproduction
4 5
DAY OF TEST
Sandoz Chemicals
6
7

Figure 5. Seven Day Cerl odaphni a Mean Cumulative Reproduction (Including live and dead young)
30
25
20
MEAN LIVE
AND DEAD 15
YOUNG
PRODUCED
10
3
MEAN CUMULATIVE REPRODUCTION
4 5
DAY OF TEST
6
Sandoz Chemicals

Table 2. Sampling Site Descriptions, Sandoz Chemicals.
Station 01G/01M - Catawba River @ NC-27, 3/10 mile upstream of the Sandoz dis-
charge. The river here is 50 meters wide. Site 01G (Gaston County bank) is
located just above the N.C. Wildlife boat ramp and had a substrate of 90%
silt. Site 01M (Mecklenburg County bank) had a substrate of 40% sand and
50% silt.
Station 02 - Sandoz Chemical effluent at sluice gate at the end of the final
aeration basin. Bioassay sampling point.
Station 03 - Catawba River @ SR-2079, Gaston County, 3 miles downstream of Sandoz
discharge. Located off Browntown boat ramp.
Station 04 - Long Creek @ NC-17, Mecklenburg County. Dilution water collection
site for all on -site bioassays. The stream was 2-4 meters wide and the
substrate was 80% boulder and gravel.
Station 05G/05M - Catawba River just below island, 2 miles below Sandoz dis-
charge. The river channel is 80-100 meters wide. Substrate was 90% on the
Gaston County bank (Station 05G) and 80% silt on the Mecklenburg County bank
(Station 05M).
Station 06G/06M - Catawba River below US 29/74 bridge, 3.5 miles below the Sandoz
discharge. The river channel is 120 meters wide. This site is just above
the Belmont water supply intake. Substrate was 30% sand/50% silt on the
Gaston County bank (Station 06G) and 25% sand/70% silt on the Mecklenburg
County bank (Station 06M).
-12-

Table 3. Chemical Analyses Results;Sandoz
Peres i t ted Flow (MGD)
3.9
70110 (CFS)
329
Chemical/Pbysical
_
Units
Water Dual.
Sta 01
Sto 02
Sta 03
Sto 04
Analyses
Standards
860918]
860918
860918
860918
B00
PPM
0.5
3.2
0.8
0.9
COD
PPM
7
98
7
8
Residue TOTAL
PPM
49
4600
99
160
volatile
PPM
6
260
23
42
fixed
PPM
43
4400
76
120
Res i due SUSPENDED
PPM
2
8
5
<1
volatile
PPM
2
8
5
<1
fixed
PPt1
<1
<1
<1
<1
pH (standard units)
6.0-9.0
6.7
7.1
6.8
7.4
Acidity
PPM
4
9
4
9
Alkalinity
PPM
17
24
18
87
Chloride
PPM
6
390
10
12
Arsenic
PPB
Chromium Hex.
PPB
<50
Grease and Oils
PPM
3
Hardness
PPM
13
1100
21
81
MBAS
PPM
0.9
Phenols
PPB
10
<2
Silver
PPB
<25
<25
<25
<25
Specific Conductance
uMhos/cm
68
5200
130
220
NH3
PPM
0.04
0.68
0.04
0.02
TKN
PPM
0.2
6.3
0.3
0.4
N021NO3
PPM
0.06
15
0.19
0.06
P. total
PPM
0.03
0.14
0.07
0.07
Aluminum
PPB
150
400
350
50
Cadmium
PPS
2
<10
<10
<10
<10
Chromium (Total)
PPB
50
<25
<25
<25
<25
Copper
PPB
15 (AL) t
<10
<10
<10
12
Iron
PPB
1000
210
2800
550
150
Mercury
PPS
0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
Manganese
PPS
35
590
95
<25
Nickel
PPS
50
<50
<50
<50
<50
Lead
PPS
25
<50
<50
<50
<50
Zinc
PPS
50(AL)
<10
20
<10
<10
* Values represent action Levels as specified in _0211(b)(4)
Fresh Dater Classifications Standards

Table 3 (cont.). Chemical Analyses Results; Sandoz
Permitted Flow (MGO)
3.9
7010 (CFS)
329
1
Chemical/Physical
Units
Sta 01
Stu 02
Sta 03
Sta 04
Predicted stream**
Analyses
860920
860920
860920
860920
conc_ at 7Q10
BOO
PPM
COO
PPM
<5
98
9
7
Residue TOTAL
PPM
46
5300
110
160
volatile
PPM
13
290
17
47
fixed
PPM
33
5000
94
120
Residue SLED
PPM
3
28
17
31
volatile
PPM
3
16
6
3
fixed
PPM
<1
12
11
<1'
pH (standard units)
6.9
6.8
6.9
7.2
Acidity
PPM
4
6
3
12
Alkalinity
PPM
16
19
16
83
Chloride
PPM
6
4401
12
12
7.47
Arsenic
PPB
<10
<10
Chromium Hex.
PPB
<50
Grease and Oils
PPM
4
Hardness
PPM
13
1300
23
80
MBAS
PPM
0.9
Phenols
PPB
12
3
0.198
Silver
PPB
<25
<25
<25
<25
Specific Conductance
uMhos/cm
64
5500
140
220
NH3
PPM
0.08
2.3
0.03
0.02
0.02682
TKN
PPM
0.4
4.2
0.2
0.4
0.0945
NO2,NO3
PPM
0.06
15
0.18
0.011
0.27
P. total
PPM
0.02
0.1
0.07
0.06
Aluminum
PPB
100
650
700
100
9.45
Cadmium
PPB
<10
<10
<10
<10
Chromium (Total)
PPB
<25
<25
<25
<25
Copper
PPS
<10
<10
<10
<10
Iron
PPB
150
4100
940
100
62.1
Mercury
PPB
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
Manganese
PPB
30
620
95
<25
10.89
N i cke l
PPB
<50
<50
<50
<50
Lead
PPB
<50
<50
<50
<50
Zinc
PPB
<10
21
<10
<10
0.369
** Values represent predicted instreua concentrations using
average effluent
concentrations and assuming ups tr concentrations of
0_
-14-

Table 3(cont.).Organic Analyses Results -Sandoz
Perm i tted Flaw 0I00 )
3.9
7010 (CFS )
329
Organic Analyses
Units
Hater Qual. Sta 02
Standards 860918
Sta 02
860920
Heaoene-d i one
PPS
29
Chloronitrobenzenasine
PPS
30
35
Unidentified peaks
9
6
t.
* Values represent action. Ie rels .as specified in ;0211(b (4)
Fresh Slater Classifications Standards

residue. Compliance monitoring of effluent by Sandoz for September 1985 to
December 1986 showed an average total residue of 4904 mg/1 (maximum 7450 mg/I,
minimum 2270 mg/I).
Metals analyses report elevated levels of aluminum, iron, and manganese in
the Sandoz effluent (Station 02). A summary of these values and related toxicity
information is presented in Table 4. The observed hardness of the Sandoz efflu-
ent may decrease any possible toxic effects of these metals. Predicted instream
concentrations of these metals are well below levels expected to cause toxic
impact. Measured concentrations at Station 03 (for Al + Mn) are also below
reported chronic toxicity values. Aluminum levels encountered are not uncommon
for waters throughout piedmont North Carolina where clay soils predominate. Iron
was detected at 550 ppb on September 18 and 940 ppb on September 20 at Station 03
downstream of the discharge. The North Carolina Water Ouality Action Level for
iron is 1000 ppb.
Chloride levels in the effluent (Station 02) were reported as 390 and 440
mg/1 on September 18 and 20, respectively. A 21 day ChV of 372 mg/I chloride (as
NaCI) for D. Dulex and a 33 day ChV of 298 mg/I (as NaCI) for P. Dromelas,have
been reported.a Observed effluent chloride levels may contribute to the observed
chronic toxicity to C. dubia. A predicted instream chloride concentration of 8
mg/1 should not have adverse effects.
Methylene blue -active substances (MBAS) analyses reported 0.9 mg/1 in
effluent samples for both sampling dates. The predicted instream concentration
of 0.016 mg/I is well below the N.C. Water Ouality Standard of 0.5 mg/1.
Phenols at Station 02 were reported at 10 ppb on September 18 and 12 ppb on
September 20. Compliance monitoring of effluent by Sandoz for September 1985 -
December 1986 showed an average of 58 ppb phenols (maximum 110 ppb, minimum 0
ppb). The chloroform extraction method of determining phenols gives an estimate
of all phenolic and cresolic compounds present.

Table 4. Summary of Al, Fe, Mn Analyses and Toxicity Information
Station 02, Sept 18
Station 02, Sept 20
Aluminum Iron Manganese
400 2800 590
650 4100 620
D. pulex 21 day ChV2 960
D. manna 21 day EC60*8 680 5200 5200
P. promelas 33 day ChV* 570
Rainbow Trout 28 day LC60**4 560 2910
* 50% Reproduction Suppression
** Embryo -Larval Exposure

s
c
Organic analyses of samples from Station 02 detected two identifiable
organic compounds: hexene-dione (29 ppb on September 18) and chloronitrobenze-
namine (30 ppb on September 18 and 24 ppb on September 20). No toxicity infor-
mation could be found on either of these compounds. Chloronitrobenzenamine is
reportedly used as a red organic dye salt.6 Organics analysis reported 9 and 6
unidentifiable peaks in the September 18 and 20 samples, respectively, with a
maximum concentration of 74 ppb and a minimum of 11 ppb.
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE ANALYSIS
Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from the Catawba River on
September 16-17, 1986. Data from a 1977 intensive survey at Sandoz indicate that
when the turbines at Mt. Island are on (high flow), the effluent hugs the bank
and when off (low flow), the effluent moves out into the river. In addition, the
Catawba River from approximately 1-40 bridge south may be more lentic (lake -like)
than lotic (river -like) as this area is the headwaters section of Lake Wylie.
Due to the depth of the Catawba River in this area, benthic macroinverte-
brates were collected using a modification of the DEM standardized qualitative
collection technique. Stations were selected at transect lines above both Sandoz
and Mt. Holly WWTP effluents (Station 01), below both effluents (Station 05), and
above the Belmont water intake facility just below the NC 19/74 bridge (Station
06). Bank samples were collected from both the Gaston (G sample) and Mecklenburg
(M sample) sides of the Catawba River at each transect. Five samples were col-
lected at each site, including two sweeps, two fine -mesh samples and one visual
inspection. Because of the limited number of samples, bioclassification criteria
cannot be applied.
Additionally, three ponar grabs (P) were collected at quarter points along
Transect 06. Distinct shifts in substrate composition were noted:

PA (75%)*: gray mucky sediment
PB (50%): orange mucky sediment, some oil
PC (25%): gray sandy substrate
*distance from right bank looking upstream
These substrate compositions apparently have a major effect on the benthological
community structure. The Asiatic clam (Corbicula) was most abundant at the 50%
point, while burrowing mayflies (mostly Hexaaenia) were most abundant at 75% and
25%.
Long Creek at NC-27 was sampled using the complete qualitative sampling
technique. Station descriptions are given in Table 2 and depicted in Figure 1.
The primary output from benthological sampling is a tabulation of taxa rich-
ness, i.e., the number of different kinds of animals present. Unstressed streams
and rivers always have high taxa richness. Various types of pollution will
reduce or eliminate the more pollution intolerant species, producing lower taxa
richness values (see Benthic Macroinvertebrate Analysis Appendix). Taxa richness
values are calculated both for all species (ST) and for the more pollution intol-
erant groups (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera - SEpT). The distribu-
tion and abundance of various pollution "indicator" speci-es also can be utilized
to deduce changes in water quality. Taxa richness values for each station are
listed in Table 5. A complete list of all taxa is given in Table 6.
Stations 01G and 01M had taxa richness values (ST/SepT) of 33/5 and 30/4,
respectively. Comparison with Station -5B and 05M data of 35/5 and 36/4 reveal
no measurable effect of either discharge to the benthic fauna at these sites.
Likewise, there does not appear to be any measurable effect of either discharge
at Stations 06G (37/6) and 05M (35/3), presumably after complete mixing. When
taxa richness totals are combined for each transect, the results again indicate
no effect of either effluent at Transect 05 or Transect 06. Subtle changes in
community structure from one station to another, for example, the occurrence of

Table 5. Taxa Richness Totals. Catawba River Survey. Gaston/Mecklenburg
Counties. September 1986.
Catawba River Long Creek
01G 01M 05G 05M 06G 06M 04
Ephemeroptera 4 2 3 3 4 2 12
Plecoptera - - - - - -
Trichoptera 1 2 2 1 2 1 3
Odonata 3 3 2 4 2 3 5
Coleoptera 2 1 3 2 1 2 8
Megaloptera - - - - - 1 2
Crustacea 3 1 2 3 1 2 1
Diptera: Misc. - 1 1 1 1 2 2
Diptera: Chiron. 12 16 13 15 15 13 15
Mollusca 3 2 3 4 5 4 5
Oligochaeta 3 1 4 2 4 2 5
Other 4 1 2 1 2 3 3
Total Taxa 33 30 35 36 37 35 61
SEPT 5 4 5 4 6 3 15
8ioclassification - - - - - - Good/Fair
Transact Totals
Total Taxa
SEPT
01 02 03
49 50 49
8 6 6

Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER $ N.C. , R=RARE C=COMMON, A=A6UNDANT.
ORDER
EDHEMEROPTE RA
1SPEC IES
♦
BAETI S
FLAY ISTRIGA
i3AETIS
INTERCALARIS
BAETIS
PROPINQUUS
STATION
01G 101M 1 05G 105M 106G 106M 104
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
CAENIS SPP 1 1 C 1 C 1 A 1 A 1 A 1 C
+--- +---+---+---+--- +--- +--
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1- 1 c i c 1 R i C 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
CENTROPTILUM
SPP
CLOEON SPP
HEPTAGENI A
MARGINALIS
HEXAGENIA SPP
ISONYCHIA SPP
PSEUDOCLOEON
SPP
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
1 1 1 1 1 R 1 1 A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c
+---+--- +
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 c
STENACRON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
INTERPUNCTATUM ICI C 1 A 1 R 1 R 1 1 R
+---+---+---+---+---+--- +--
1 1 1 1 I 1 1
IRI 1 1 1 1 1
STENONEMA
EXIGUUM
STENONEMA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
MODESTUM ICI 1 1 1 I I A
+---+---+---+---+--- +--- +---
1 1 1 1 1 I 1
ICI 1 I 1 1 I A
TRICORYTHODES
SPP
♦
TRICHOPTERA 1CHEUMATOPSYCHE
,SPP
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 IA
(CONTINUED)

• Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER, N.C., R=RARE, C=COMMON, A=ABUNDANT.
ORDER
TRICHOPTERA
COLEOPTERA
OOONATA
!SPECIES
+
+
♦
CYRNELLUS
FRATERNUS
HYOR OP SYCHE
BETTENI
1
STATION
1 01G 1 01M 1 05G105M 106G 1 06M 1 04
1 1 1 1 1 1 I
I 1 1 I I I 1
+---+--- +---+---+---+---+---
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 I R I I R 1 I 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 IA
HYDROPTILA SPPI 1 C I C I ICICI
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LEUCOTRICH!A
PICTIPES
PHYLOCFNTROPUS
SPP IRI IRI IPI I
BEROSUS SPP 1 1 1 R I R 1 ICI R
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
DERONECTES
GRISEOSTRIATUS
DUSIRAPHIA SPP
HELICHUS SPP
HYDROPORUS SPP
MACRONYCHUS
GLABRATUS
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 1 IRI I 1 1 C
+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
1 R 1 I 1 1 1 1 R
1 IRI I 1 1 1 C
1 I 1 1 1 1 1
IRI 1 I 1 1 IC
OPTIOSERVUS SPPI 1 1 R 1 1 1 1 C
OULIMNIUS SPP
1 i• 1 1 1 1 1 c
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
PELTODYTES SPP 1 1 1 1 C I R I R 1
1 C 1 C I A 1 R I A I C 1 A
1ARGIA SPP
IBOYERIA VINOSA
+---+---+---♦---+---+---+
IRI 1 1 1 I 1 R
1 +---+---+---+---+---+---+
IENALLAGMA SPP I C I C 1 1 R 1 R I R I C
(CONTINUED)

Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER, N.C. R=RARE1 C=COMMON, A=ABUNDANT.
ORDER
ODONATA
!SPECIES
STATION
01G101M 1 05G 1 05M 106G 106M 104
1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1 11 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 I
GOMPHUS SPP 1 1 1 I R I 1 1 A
MACROM I A :iPP
PLATHEMIS SPP
PROGOMPHUS
OSSCURUS
MEGALOPTERA 1CORYDALUS
1CORNUTUS
1
D I PTE R A: CH I RON
ISTALIS SPP
1 1 1 R 1 1 1 R 1 C
1 1 1 1 c 1 1 1
1 1 1 I I I 1
1 1 R 1 I I 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A
+---4---+---+---+---+---+--
1 1 1 1 1 1 R I c
+ 4 - - - + - -- + - - - + - -- + - - - 4 - - - +
ABLABESMYIA
MALLOCHI
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I A 1 c I 1 C 1 A I C 1
+--- + --- + -- - + ---+ --- +---+---
ABLASESMYIA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PAR AJ ANTA/J ANTA 1 I C 1 A 1 A 1 C 1 A 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
id 1 1 1 1 I A 1 A
+---+ ---+---+---+---+---+---
CH I RONLMUS SPP 1 1 1 1 R 1 1 1
4 - - - + - --+- - - + ---+-- - +--- +---
CLADOTANYTARSUS1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SP3 1 I R 1 1 1 1 R I
CLADOTANYTARSUS1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SP5 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 c 1 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
CONCHAPELOPIA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
GROUP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
ABLA8ESMYIA
TARELLA
COELOTANYPUS
SPP
CRICOTOPUS/ORT-1 1 1 1 1
HOCLADIUS SPI 1 1 1 1 1
(CONTINUED)

Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER, N.C., R=RARE, C=COMMON, A=ABUNDANT.
ORDER
D IPTERA: CHI RON
DICROTENDIPES
NERVOSUS
GLYPTOTENDIPES
SPP
!SPECIES
1 STATION
1
101G 1 O1M 1 05G IOSM 106G 106M 1 04
1 I 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+---+---•---+---+---+---+
1 1 I 1 1 1 I
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CRI COTOPUS/OR T- I 1 1 1 1 1 1
HOCLADIUS SP44 1 1 1 C 1 R 1 C I A 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
CRICOTOPUS/ORT-1
HOCLADIUS SP4 5 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 c 1 1 1
•
CRICOTOPUS/ORT-1 1 1 1 1 1 1
HOCLADIUS SP5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
CRICOTOPUS/ORT-1 1 1 1 1 1 1
HOCLADIUS SP54 1 A 1 A 1 C 1 A 1 R 1 C 1 C
CRICOTOPUS/ORT-1
HOCLADIUS SP6 1
CRYPTOCHI ROMOM-1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 c
US FULVUS 1 id 1 IRIAICI
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 R I R I c 1 R 1 c 1 1
CRYPTOTENDIPES
SPP
DICROTENDIPES
+- --+ --- +--- +---+---+---+
NEOMODESTUS I A I A 1 C I A I A I A 1 A
1 1 1 .1 1 1 1
1 1 A 1 1 A l 1 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 R 1 1 1 A 1 1
•
NANOCLADIUS SPPI I ICI 1 1 1
NATARSIA SPP
+---+---+
1 c 1 1 1 1 1 1
NILOTANYPUS SPP1 1 1 1 1 R 1 1 R
+--- +---+--- +---+---+---+--
PHAENOPSECTRA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
FLAVIPES 1 A IRI ICI 1 1
(CONTINUED)
-24-

• • Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDCZ STUDY,
C ATAWBA RIVER, N.C. , R=RARE, C=COMMON1 A=AOUNDANT.
ORDER
DIPTERA:CHIRON
1TANYTARSUS SP4
!SPECIES
PHAENOPSECTRA
SPP
POLYPED ILUM
FALLAX
POLYPEDILUM
HALTERALE
POLYPEDILUM
ILLINOENSE
POLYPEDILUM
SCALAE
STATION
01G 1 01M 1 05G 105M 106G 106M 1 04
1 1 1 1 1 1
♦ --- +--_+---+---+--- +
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
IAICICI 1 c l c 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 R 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 c 1 c 1 1 R 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
t c! c! A 1 c 1 c 1 A 1 C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
PROCLADIUS SPP ! ! 1 ICIRIRI C
+---+ ---+---+---♦---+---+---
PSEUDOCHIRONOM-1 1 1 1 1 1 1
US sPp ICIRIAICI 1 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
RHEOTANYTARSUS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SPP 1 1 1 1 1 I R 1
+--- +---+---+---+---+--- +---
STENOCHIRONOMUSI 1 1 1 1 1 1
SPP 1 1 R! C 1 R! R 1 C 1 R
TANYTARSUS SP3 1 1 IRI 1 1 1
+---♦ --- +---+---+---+---+---
1 R 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 +---+---+---+---+---+---+--
ITANYTARSUS SP6AI 1 1 1 1 1 1 C
1 ♦__-+---+---+---+---+---+
1THIF_NEMANIELLA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ISPP 1 1 1 1 1 1 IR
1TRIBELOS SPP
DIPTERA:MISC IANTOCHA SPP
1 c 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c
(CONTINUED)

Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER• N.C., R=RARE1 C=COMMON, A=AOUNDANT.
STATION
O 1G 1 O1M 1 05G I 05M106G 1 06M 104
1 1 1 1 1 1
ORDER !SPECIES 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
DIPTERA:MISC IATRICHOPOGON I 1 1 1 1 1 1
ISPP 1 1 R 1 1 1 1 R 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 j R I C I R 1 C I C
1 PALPIMY I A
((COMPLEX)
+
OLIGOCHAETA 9RANCHIURA
SOWERBYI
CRUSTACEA
MOLLUSCA
+
LIMNODRILUS
HOFFMEISTERI
+---+---+---+---+--- +—.-- ♦
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 c 1 I R 1 C I R 1 C i c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 IRIRI 1 1 1
LIMNODRILUS SPP1 C 1 1 1 1 R 1 1 C
+---+---+---+---+--- +--- +---
LUMBRICULIDAE 1 R 1 1 R I R 1 R 1 I C
+---+---+---+---+-.--+--- +---
NAI S SPP 1 1 1 R 1 1 C 1 R 1 C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
STYLARI A
LACUSTRIS•
ASELLUS SPP
1 R 1 1 1 1 1 1
ASTACIDAE 1 1 I R I R 1 I R I
CAMSARUS SPP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C
HYALLELA AZTECAI C I C I R I C I A 1 1
PALAEMONETES
PALUDOSUS
+---+---♦---+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 R 1 1 I R 1 I C I
+ +---+--- ♦-_-+---+---+---+
1CORBICULA
IFLUMI'VEA
1
1FERRISSIA
IRIVULARIS
1
1HELISOMA SPP
1 1 1 1 1 1 I
1 C 1 R I R I C I A 1 A 1 A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 I R I IC
1 1 1 1 1 1 R 1
(CONTINUED)

Table 6. SPECIES LIST FOR SANDOZ STUDY,
CATAWBA RIVER, N.C., R=RARE, C=COMMON, A=ABUNDANT.
ORDER 'SPECIES
MOLLUSCA
STATION
01G 1 01M 1 05G 1 05M1 06G106M 104
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
MENETUS DILATUSI C 1 R I C 1 R I C I C I
PHYSELLA SPP I R 1 ICIAIAIAIC
PISIDIUM SPP
PSE UDOSUCC I NEA
COLUMELLA
SPHAERIUM SPP
OTHER ICLIMACIA SPP
1
1 1 1 1 R 1 c 1 1
+---+---+---+---♦---+---+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
+---♦---+---+---+---+---+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 R 1 1 I 1 R 1 1
1DUGESIA TIGRINAI 1 1 1 1 1 1 R
1ERPOBDELLA/MOO-1
IREOBDELLA ' R I ICI 1 ICI
IHYDRACARINA
1
IPLACOBDELLA
1PAPILLIFERA
1
1PROSTOMA
1GRAECENS
1 A I A 1 c 1 c 1 C I R I A
+--- +---+--- +----+--- ♦--- +---
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 R 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 I R 1 A

Tricorvthodes only at 01G, are more likely due to habitat differences and/or
varying flow conditions (lentic vs. lotic) rather than effects of the effluents.
Taxa richness totals for Long Creek were 61/15 and suggest a low Good/Fair
bioclassification using piedmont criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
On -site toxicity tests conducted on the effluent of the Sandoz Chemicals
resulted in no fathead minnow mortality in 100% effluent at 96 hours, no mortal-
ity in 48 hour Daphnia pulex tests using effluent collected at the sluice gate
and at the final discharge, and a Ceriodaphnia dubia 168 hour LCao of 91% with a
Chronic Value calculated as 3.16%.
Analyses of chemical samples of the effluent report elevated levels of total
residue and related specific conductance, chloride, hardness, MBAS, phenols, and
the metals iron and manganese. Organic constituents of the effluent included
hexene-dione, chloronitrobenzeneamine, and at least nine other unidentified
organic compounds. Of these results, it would appear that iron and chloride
levels in the effluent appear to be present at levels which may have induced the
chronic toxicity seen in the Ceriodaphnia test at higher concentrations. This
prediction of iron toxicity though is based on results of tests run at much lower
hardness than would be the case in the Sandoz wastewater. Increased water
hardness is generally accepted to decrease metal toxicity. Thus, the effluent
chloride level would be the first identified suspect constituent to cause
observed mortality. Since there were at least nine unidentified organic com-
pounds detected in the effluent as well as the two compounds identified for which
no toxicity information is available, these organic compounds must remain as
suspect toxic agents. Toxicity information for identified inorganics does not
justify the Ceriodaphnia reproduction suppression to a chronic value of 3.16%
effluent.

As the amount of information on chemical compound usage, as well as pro-
cesses at the facility, was very restricted to personnel engaged in this evalu-
ation, a detailed search of possible toxicity contributions is not possible.
Analyses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Catawba River
upstream and downstream of the discharge point do not indicate any effluent
attributable stress.
In summary, on -site toxicity tests show no acute toxicity of the waste to
fathead minnows over 96 hours, or Daphnia pulex over 48 hours, though chronic
mortality is expressed in the Ceriodaphnia reproduction bioassay and reproduction
suppression to 3.16%. Acute toxicity would therefore appear transient in the
waste stream based on past testing by both the State and the Sandoz facility.
As the 168 hour Ceriodaphnia chronic value of 3.16% is greater than the 1.8%
low stream flow instream waste concentration, no instream impact is predicted on
the results of this test. Again, as past testing has shown variability in the
waste toxicity, the actual chronic level may drift higher or lower and approach
chronically toxic levels -instream during low flow.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1.) Due to the variable nature of State and self -monitoring acute toxicity test
results, the Sandoz Chemicals facility should continue performance of the 48
hour Daphnia pulex acute bioassays until the test has achieved the target
level of >90% for three consecutive months. At such time the facility
should begin quarterly Pass/Fail Ceriodaphnia survival and reproduction
tests at a concentration equal to the facility's instream waste concentra-
tion (IWC) of 1.8%. The subject permit, upon re -issuance, should have tox-
icity limits included as Ceriodaphnia survival and reproduction bioassays.
The final chronic value achieved as a toxicity limit should equal or exceed
the facility's IWC of 1.8%.

2.) Due to the proximity of the Sandoz discharge to the drinking water intake of
the City of Belmont (approximately 4 river miles), effluent organic consti-
tuents should be identified, quantified, and addressed on an individual
basis to determine their possible hazards in a raw drinking water source.
FOOTNOTES
' United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Short Term Methods for
Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Fresh-
water Organisms. EPA/600/4-85/-14.
a Birge, W.J., et al. 1985. Recommendations on Numberical Values for Regulating
Iron and Chloride Concentrations for the Purpose of Protecting Warmwater
Species of Aquatic Life in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Memorandum of Agree-
ment No. 5429, Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabi-
net.
6 Biesinger, K.E., and G.M. Christensen. 1972. Effects of various
metals on survival, growth, reproduction, and metabolism of Daphnia magna. J.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 29:1691-1700.
Birge, W.J., et al. 1980. Aquatic Toxicity Tests on Inorganic Elements
Occurring in Oil Shale. EPA 600/9-80-022 pp. 5-19-534.
6 United States Department of Health and Human Services. 1986. Registry of
Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Ouarterly, complete file. July 1986.

4
yC
APPENDIX

48 Hour Daphnia pulex Screening Bioassay Appendix
Aquatic Toxicology Group
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
The Aquatic Toxicology Group performs 48 hour static bioassays using the
cladoceran Daphnia pulex to estimate the toxicity of waste discharge to aquatic life
in receiving streams. All test and sampling glassware and equipment are washed
with soap and hot water, then rinsed in nitric acid, acetone, and distilled/deionized
water, to remove all toxins and contaminants. Effluent samples are collected by
DEM Regional Office or Aquatic Toxicology personnel. All samples are collected chilled
and above chlorination unless otherwise specified. Each sample is collected as a grab
or 24 hour composite using an automatic sampler and is sent chilled to the Aquatic
Toxicology Laboratory by state courier or bus. The sample must be received within
72 hours after collection.
The effluent samples are prepared for testing by being thouroughly mixed, adjusted
to standard test temperature, and aerated if dissolved oxygen is below 407
saturation. Hardness and alkalinity are measured. Chlorine is removed with
sodium thiosulfate if applicable. The effluent is then diluted with D Dulex culture
water, typically to seven concentrations (with replicates) from 0 to 90% effluent
and initial pH and DO are recorded.. Each test chamber receives 100 mis total
volume and ten D. pulex test organisms, 0-24 hours old. The test is conducted in a 20
degree centigrade incubator with a 16:8 hour light: dark cycle. Mortality of the D.
pulex is recorded after 48 hours, along with final pH, dissolved oxygen, and
temperature.
A 48 hour LC50, or concentration of effluent lethal to 50% of the test organisms in 48
hours, is calculated from the mortality data. An instream waste concentration
(IWC) for the effluent in the receiving stream is calculated using the treatment
system permitted flow and receiving stream 7Q10 flow. The LC50 and IWC are then
used to predict instream toxicity. If the effluent toxicity and/or the IWC are high, a
persistance bioassay may be conducted. This involves a second 48 hour static D.
pulex bioassay on the same effluent sample after it has been exposed to light and
aeration for an additional 48 hours. If there is a 100% reduction in the LC50, the
effluent is considered to be non-persistant.
Guidance Document:1985. U.S. E. P. A. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of
effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. Third Ed. (EPA/600/4-85/013)

96 Hour On -site Flowthrough Bioassay Appendix
Aquatic Toxicology Group
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
Candidacy for an on -site toxicity evaluation by the Aquatic Toxicology Group is
determined on the basis of acute toxicity of the effluent in comparison with
instrearn waste concentration. Acute toxicity is determined by a 48 hour screening
static bioassay .
For each on -site, flowthrough bioassay, a pre -test site inspection is performed in
order to:
1) Determine appropriate areas for physical placement of the mobile laboratory.
2) Acquire proper equipment and installation needed for electrical service.
3) Determine appropriate areas for effluent sampling and equipment needed for
such. Determine discharge schedule. Sampling is done above chlorination unless
otherwise specified.
4) Determine possible areas for dilution sampling (actual receiving waters or other
unstressed streams in the area) and equipment needed- for such.
5) Collect additional samples of effluent and possible dilution waters for further
static Daphnia pulex acute and static renewal Ceriodaphnia dubia reproduction
bioassays to determine the range of concentrations of effluent for the flowthrough
bioassay, to test for potential toxicity of possible dilution waters, and for fish
acclimation to the chosen dilution water.
6) Determine route suitability to the facility for the mobile laboratory (eg. low
clearances, poor road conditions) .
7) Discuss test procedures and requirements with appropriate facility personnel.
8) Determine appropriate sampling sites and techniques for benthic
macroinvertebrate surveys.
All test and sampling glassware and equipment are washed with soap and hot
water, then rinsed in nitric acid, acetone, and distilled/deionized water to remove
all toxins and contaminants.
Upon actual arrival on -site with the mobile laboratory, dilution water is obtained
and dilution and effluent pumping systems are set up and tested. Six to eight week
old fathead minnows are wet transferred to the test chambers (containing
approximately one liter of dilution water), ten fish to a chamber. This transfer is
accomplished five fish at a time in a randomized order to each of the fourteen test
chambers until two randomized sets of five have been transferred to each
chamber. Seven concentrations (with replicates) including a control are used. The
second day on -site the dilutor and the dilution and effluent pumping systems are
turned on and the fathead minnow flowthrough bioassay is begun. A water bath is
utilized to bring the effluent and dilution water to a constant 20 degrees centigrade.
Test organisms are fed newly hatched brine shrimp twice daily throughout the
test.
A 7 day Ceriodaphnia dubia static renewal reproduction bioassay using newborn
organisms is begun the first day on -site. The organisms are transfered to fresh
dilution and effluent solutions daily and initial and final pH and dissolved oxygen
are recorded. The number of young born per organism per day is recorded and
mean cumulative reproduction is calculated for each concentration. The test is

conducted in a 25 degree centigrade incubator with 16 light:8 dark hour photoperiod.
Test organisms are fed 0.1 ml of a fermented trout chow mixture per organism per
day.
Individual chemical/physical parameter meters are calibrated daily according to
DEM standards. At 15 minute intervals throughout the test, hydrolab systems
measure and record dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and specific conductance in
the test chambers with the highest and lowest concentration of effluent. These
systems are calibrated at test initiation, the mid -point of the test, and test
termination. Data from these systems is recovered daily and stored on floppy disc
and hard copy. Samples of dilution water, effluent at the bioassay sampling point,
final effluent, and the receiving stream upstream and downstream of the discharge
point are analyzed for hardness as feasible. Where applicable, daily residual
chlorine measurements will be made at the above sites.
During the on -site evaluation, Biological Monitoring Group personnel collect benthic
macroinvertebrate samples at the upstream, downstream, and dilution sites (see
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Survey appendix). Where appropriate, electrofishing is
undertaken upstream and downstream of the discharge to obtain resident fish
population data. On a site -specific basis, various other efforts are undertaken, such
as monitoring dissolved oxygen levels in the receiving stream.
On a daily basis, test chamber screens are cleaned, effluent and dilution pumping
systems are checked and adjusted as necessary, and pH, dissolved oxygen, and fish
mortalities are recorded for each chamber. Dilution water is generally collected on
an alternating day basis, depending on need.
Two separate 24 hour composite samples of effluent are collected for chemical
analysis by means of an automatic sampler. Receiving stream and dilution water
samples are also taken for chemical testing.
Static 48 hour Daphnia pulex bioassays are conducted on a 24 hour composite sample
of the effluent and a grab sample of the influent. persistence test aging is begun on
the effluent sample. Another static bioassay will be conducted -after 96 hours of
aging to determine persistance of toxicity.
A tour of the facility is conducted. The actual treatment process is reviewed to
ascertain the quality of the operation of the treatment system and to determine the
treatment system's appropriateness to the type of waste being treated. An
inventory of any industrial contributors to a municipal waste treatment facility is
made. The manufacturing process at an industrial facility is reviewed to determine
the nature and composition of the waste. An inventory of all chemicals used is
made.
A photographic record is made of the manufacturing and treatment facility,
sampling points, receiving stream, and sampling procedures.
At the end of the 96 hour test period, the dilutor is turned off and final mortality
observations are made. Breakdown and packing routines are performed and the
mobile laboratory is transported back to the Cary Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory.
The Ceriodaphnia dubia reproduction bioassay is continued at the lab until the 7th
test day. The persistance static bioassay is conducted.

w-•
Several special care operating procedures should be mentioned. At facilities that
discharge for only a portion of the day, effluent samples are composited by the
dilutor system into a large reservoir on board the mobile laboratory for use as the
effluent while discharge is not in progress. If the effluent has a high oxygen
demand, aeration systems for the test chambers are utilized and dissolved oxygen
levels in the chambers are monitored closely in order to prevent levels from
dropping below 40% saturation at test temperatures. In the event that actual
receiving waters are deemed unfit for the test (i.e. potentially toxic), an alternate
source of dilution water is sought in the vicinity.

Ceriodanhnia dubia Reproduction Bioassay Appendix
Aquatic Toxicology Group
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
The cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia is used as test organism in a 7 day static
renewal bioassay. This test estimates the effect of an effluent or other water
sample on reproductivity. A control and 8 concentrations of effluent ranging from
0.01% to 100% are used. There are 10 animals per concentration, each animal in a
one ounce polystyrene test chamber with 15 mis of solution. The test is conducted
in a 25 degree centigrade incubator with a 16 light/ 8 dark hour photoperiod.
All test and sampling glassware and equipment are washed with soap and hot
water, then rinsed in nitric acid, acetone, and distilled/deionized water, to remove
all toxins and contaminants. Effluent samples are collected by DEM Regional Office
or Aquatic Toxicology personnel. All samples are collected chilled and above
chlorination unless otherwise specified. Each sample is collected as a grab or 24
hour composite using an automatic sampler and is sent chilled to the Aquatic
Toxicology Laboratory by state courier or bus. The sample must be received within
72 hours after collection.
The effluent samples are prepared for testing by being thouroughly mixed, adjusted
to standard test temperature, and aerated if dissolved oxygen is below 5 mg/1.
Hardness and alkalinity are measured. Chlorine is removed with sodium thiosulfate
if applicable.
The test is initiated with 20-24 hours old animals, or neonates. Adults having brood
sacs with eggs with visible eyespots (indicating eggs are about to be released) are
isolated and checked periodically. Neonates are removed and grouped according to
time of birth. Selected groups are then composited to make the youngest set of 90 or
more neonates born within a 4 hour period. The test is begun when the neonates
are introduced into the test chambers. Temperatures must be within 1 degrees
centigrade for transfer.
The animals are transferred daily to new test chambers containing freshly mixed
solutions. Chemical/physical parameters are measured twice for each batch of test
solutions. The initial value is taken before the animal is introduced and the final
value after the animal has been transferred out the next day. The animals are fed
daily. Each organism receives 0.1 ml of fermented trout chow -yeast -alfalfa food.
As reproduction begins, only the original test organism, now an adult, is
transferred to the new chamber. A drop of concentrated nitric acid is added to the
old chamber. This kills the young so they can be easily counted under a dissecting
microscope. A mean number of young produced per adult is calculated for each
concentration. Mortality of greater than 20% in control test organisms invalidates a
test.
Guidance Document:1985. U. S. E. P. A. Methods for estimaing the chronic toxicity of
effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. (EPA-600/4-85-014)

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Procedure Appendix
Biological Monitoring Group
N.C. Division of Environmental Management
The sampling methodology requires that a stream or river be wadable. High
water conditions may severely impair sampling efficiency by making critical
habitats inaccessable. A fixed number of samples are collected for each station.
These include: 2 kick samples of riffle and snag areas; 3 sweep net samples of
bank areas and macrophyte beds; and 2 fine -mesh washdown samples from
rocks, logs, leaves and substrate. The benthic macroinvertebrates are picked out
with forceps and preserved in alcohol. A collection card is filled out with such
data as canopy cover, substrate composition, stream morphology, dissolved
oxygen, pH, and stream temperature. Organisms are identified to the lowest
possible taxonomic level, generally to species. Density of each taxon is rated as
Rare (1 or 2 individuals), Common (3 to 9), or Abundant (10 or more). Most
organisms may be identified using only a dissecting microscope, but Oligochaeta
and Chironomidae must be mounted and identified with a compound microscope.
Reference collections are maintained and all samples are retained and stored by
study area.
The first level of data analysis summarizes the data by total number of taxa or
"taxa richness" (S) and density (N) for each station. The second level of data
analysis summarizes the data by taxonomic groups (mostly orders of insects).
The EPT or intolerant (to pollution) taxa richness value is the sum of the taxa
richness values for the intolerant insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plectoptera, and
Trichoptera. The final step in data analysis is to summarize the data separately
for each taxa. The presence or absence of individuals of any tolerant species is, in
itself, insufficient for characterizing water quality. In a stream of good water
quality, both intolerant and tolerant species will be present. Tolerant species will
become dominant only in polluted systems when the intolerant species have been
eliminated.
A rating or "bioclassification" of overall water quality is assigned to a particular
site based on total and intolerant taxa richness values. Information on pollution
tolerance of any given taxon, combined with quantitative data on its distribution,
can often be related to specific chemical or physical changes in the environment.

List of Definitions
Aquatic Toxicology Group
N. C. Division of Environmental Management
Acclimation - refers to the process of gradually adjusting organisms from water of one
type to another so that the organisms are not stressed from radical changes in
temperature, hardness, pH, ionic strength, etc.
Acute toxicity - the effect a short term exposure to a chemical or substance has on an
organism; usually defined as death of that organism.
Application factor - a value which estimates an instream toxicant level that will be
safe at a chronic level for resident organisms from acute toxicity data, usually
defined by a fraction of the LC50.
Aquatic - having to do with water.
Aquatic Toxicology Group - the group within the Biological Services Unit (Water Quality
Section) which performs aquatic bioassays for the Division of Environmental
Management. The Group is located at the Cary laboratory facilities. All test
organisms (including Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia ,sp., and fathead minnows)
are cultured at these facilities by Aquatic Toxicology personnel.
Benthos/Benthic macroinvertebrates - a wide assemblage of invertebrate animals
(insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.) which live in streams, are an important
food source for fish populations, and are used as long term water quality
indicators.
Bioassay - a test used to determine the effects of a chemical or substance on an
organism.
Cadmium - one of the toxicants recommended by EPA for quality assurance testing of
the health of aquatic organisms.
Calibration - the adjustment of meters or systems with standards of known values in
order to assure the quality of data obtained from these meters or systems.
Ceriodaphnia - a small cladoceran crustacean. It is found throughout most of North
America and obtains a maximum size of approximately 1 mm. This organism
has been adopted for aquatic bioassay testing because of its small size, ease of
culture under laboratory conditions, stability of genetic strains, and sensitivity
to toxic substances. It is generally used in a 7 day static renewal "mini -chronic"
bioassay testing for mortality, time to sexual maturity and reproductive rate.
Ceriodaphnia , is accepted in the field of aquatic toxicology for testing in
moderately soft waters.

Chronic toxicity - the effect of a chemical or substance on an organism, usually during
a longer period of time than that measured for acute toxicity. This effect is
usually measured as a non -fatal response (eg. reduction in growth, egg
production, predator avoidance, feeding rate, etc.). Tests for chronic toxicity
are frequently performed during the entire life cycle of the organism.
Chronic value(ChV): A numeric value representing the geometric mean of the numeric
values of concentrations analyzed as the No Oberserved Effect Concentration
(N. O. E. C.) and the lowest Oberserved Effect Concentration (L. O. E. C.) by chroic
toxicity testing. The chronic value is an estimate of the toxicant concentration
that will be the actual no effect concentration based on the chronic effect tested.
ChV=Antilog((Log10L. O. E. C. + Log10N. O.E.C. )/2)
Composite - a sample or method of sampling used to obtain data on a substance which
may vary over time or space. For example, a time or temporal composite of a
stream would be one collected at intervals of time at the same location. This is
frequently accomplished with automatic sampling devices.
Daphnia Dulex (water flea) - a small cladoceran crustacean. It is found throughout
most of North America and obtains a maximum size of approximately 3.5 mm.
This organism has been adopted for aquatic bioassay testing because of its small
size, ease of culture under laboratory conditions, stability of genetic strains, and
sensitivity to toxic substances. It is generally used in a 48 hour static bioassay
testing for mortality. D. pulex is widely accepted in the field of aquatic
toxicology for testing in moderately soft waters.
Design flow - the volume of water and waste that is initially planned to pass through
a facility or waste treatment plant and still allow maximum operating
efficiency. Design flow is usually expressed in millions of gallons per day (mgd).
Dilution (water) - the water used in bioassay tests to dilute the waste water to
various concentrations (expressed as percent) . Wherever possible, this water is
from the actual stream that receives the waste, upstream from that waste.
When this is not possible, other suitable water is obtained.
Dilutor - refers to a modified Mount and Brungs design serial dilution apparatus which
receives dilution water and effluent/waste and, through a series of chambers
and electrical solenoid valves, mixes the effluent and dilution into a series of
concentrations for the test (expressed as percentages of 100% effluent).
Electrofishing - method for collecting fish using electrical shock to momentarily stun
the fish so they float to the surface and are easily netted.

Effluent - the waste water exiting a facility which is discharged as treated waste to a
stream or as untreated waste to some other facility.
Fathead minnow (Pirrephelas Dromelas) - a small fish which occurs throughout much
of North America. It obtains a maximum size of approximately 100 mm and is
raised commercially as bait fish. The fathead minnow has been raised for
numerous generations in a number of laboratory cultures for use in toxicity
testing. The fish can produce eggs year round in the laboratory environment
under correct conditions, which provide test organisms as needed.
Flow -through - the flow -through bioassay utilizes a mechanical dilutor which either
continuously or occasionally replaces the effluent/toxicant concentrations
throughout the test in an attempt to simulate stream conditions where new
effluent and dilution water are continually flowing through an organism's
habitat.
Hydrolab* - a multiparameter instrument which measures and records temperature,
pH, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance of water.
Instream waste concentration (IWC) - the percent concentration of an effluent/toxicant
which is present in a stream under assumed worst case conditions. The IWC is
derived from the formula: [DF / (7Q10 + DF)] x 100 = IWC (X), where DF is the
design flow (in cfs) of the facility in question and 7Q10 is the 10 year, 7 day,
low flow (in cfs) of the receiving stream.
LC50 - that concentration or percentage of a waste/chemical/substance which is lethal
to 50% of test organisms over a stated period of time
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration(L. O. E. C. )- The lowest concentration of toxicant to
which organisms are exposed in a life -cycle or partial _life -cycle test, which
causes a statistically significant adverse effect on the observed
parameters(usually hatchability, survival, growth, and/or reproduction) .
NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. A system devised by the
Federal Government and adopted by North Carolina for the permitting,
monitoring, and pollution abatement of dischargers to surface waters.
Neonate - roughly translated to newly born. In reference to Daphnio Dulex, the
neonate refers to the life stage in the first and early second instar, generally the
first 24 hours of its life.
No Observed Effect Concentration(N.O. E. C. )- The highest concentration of toxicant to
which organisms are exposed in a life -cycle or partial life -cycle test, which
causes no statistically significant adverse effect on the observed
parameters(usually hatchability, survival, growth, and/or reproduction.)

• V_
J
Screening bioassay - a testing system established to determine general levels of acute
toxicity of compounds/discharges using 48 hour J1 phnia pulex tests.
7Q10 - the measurement of a stream's lowest average daily flow over a 7 day period
during a 10 year span, generally stated as flow in cubic feet per second (cfs).
Sodium pentachlorophenate - a chemical accepted by EPA as a toxicant for quality
assurance testing of the health of aquatic organisms. This chemical is an organic
pesticide.
Static - refers to an aquatic bioassay in which toxicant/effluent concentrations are set
up at the beginning of the test and not changed for the rest of the test. This test
is generally short term as compared to a flow -through or replacement test
because of potential degradation of the toxicant/effluent.
Taxa - refers to a group of genetically related organisms, (i. e. genus, order, species).
Taxa richness - number of taxa.
30Q2 - the measurement of a stream's lowest average daily flow over a 30 day period
during a 2 year span, generally stated as flow in cubic feet per second (cfs).
Toxicity - the adverse effect of a chemical/substance on an organism. Toxicity is
usually defined as a fatal or non -fatal response over a given period of time.
UT - Unnamed tributary - a term given to streams which have no accepted name.
*Use of this term or system does not constitute an endorsement

James G. Martin, Governor
State of North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
S. Thomas Rhodes, Secretary
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
June 11, 1985
Mr. Edwin J. Eccles
Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
Sodyeco Division
Post Office Box 669246
Charlotte, North Carolina 28266-9246
Subject: NPDES Permit No. NC 0004375
Sandoz Chemicals Corporation
Sodyeco Division
Mecklenburg County
Dear Mr. Eccles:
This letter will acknowledge receipt of your Mr. William M. Archer's letter
dated May 15, 1985, proposing to modify the present methodology of reporting
daily flow for the purpose of ascertaining compliance with permit effluent
limitations.
Whereas the present methodology conflicts with the reporting procedures
being employed for the staged discharge requirements, we concur with your
proposal to modify the determination and reporting of daily flow.
Therefore, we shall consider daily flow to be computed as the flow occurring
between the hours of 7:00 A.M. on the report day and 7:00 A.M. on the following
day.
If you have any questions or need any further assistance, please contact Mr.
Rex Gleason or Mr. Thurman Horne in the Mooresville Regional Office at (704)
663-1699.
W. Lee Fleming, Jr., Chief
Water Quality Section
cc: Mr. Bob DeWeese
Mr. Dennis Ramsey
Mooresville Regional Office
P.O Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611-7687 Telephone [phone]
An Equal.oppominity / Affirmative Action Employer

AVERAGE HOURLY RIVER FLOW
PERCENTAGE OF TIME FLOW IS WITHIN EACH RANGE*
CFS
95-175 175-250 250-329 7329
1987
1st Quarter 25% <1% <1% 75%
2nd Quarter 40% 1% <1% 59%
3rd Quarter 70% <1% <1% 29%
Total 46% <1% <1% 53%
1986
1st Quarter 48% <1% <1% 52%
2nd Quarter 75% 1% <1% 24%
3rd Quarter 81% 1% <1% 18%
4th Quarter 69% 1% <1% 30%
Total 68% 1% <1% 31%
1985
1st Quarter 49% 1% <1% 50%
2nd Quarter 70% 1% <1% 29%
3rd Quarter 50% <1% 1% 48%
4th Quarter 41% <1% <1% 58%
Total 53% <1% <1% 46%
*Based on a sampling of days

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