NC0000272_Fact Sheet with Changes_20220401

peceiving Stream24:
LStream Classification' 2: C
03(d) Listed?5: Yeses Fish Advisory, Dioxins Biological impairment,
5ubbasin2: 04-03-05
Drainage Area (mi2): [calculated] 130 mi2
Summer 7Q10 (cfs)6:
Winter 7Q10 (cfs)6:
30Q2
Average Flow (cfs)6:
IWC (%):
Primary SIC Code: 2621 / r
J2egional Office: Asheville / / *Formatted
IISGS Topo Quad: Canton (E 7 SE — State Grid) / // /4 Formatted
rermit Writer: Mi�ersSergei Chernikov, Ph.D, Formatted
Date: duly 21 bruary 2June 14 2009,2019,+ - r Formatted
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Blue Ridge Paper Products Inc. has requested renewal of their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
Department of Environmental Quali _ `
Division of Water QualityResources,
Fact Sheet Tor NPDES Permit NC0000272
Adde
Facility Information
Applicant/Facility Name4:
Applicant Address4:
Facility Address4:
yermitted Flow2'4'7:
`Type of Waste2'4'7:
acility/Permit Status4:
poun
Miscellaneous
VSA
Blue Ridge Paper Products Inc. dba Evergreen Packaging
P.O. Box 4000
175 Main Street
29.934.0 MGD
Industrial, domestic, stormwater, and landfill leachate
Renewal
Haywood
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SUMMARY
Pigeon River
52 cfs at Canton and 120 cfs at Hepco
63 cfs at Canton and 183 cfs at Hepco
89.9 cfs at Canton
325 cfs at Canton and 677 cfs at Hepco
100% (See Text Below)
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System (NPDES) discharge permit NC0000272 allowing discharge of industrial, stormwater, municipal and '( Formatted
landfill leachate wastewaters to waters of the state. The NPDES permit will expire on November 30, 2001 �*Formatted
.d the , plieatio f rrenewat , o e .ea o Febfum y 23 2nnt This fact sheet summarizes the - l I Formatted
rationale used to develop the limits and monitoring conditions for the draft permit. North Carolina Division _ - --( Formatted
of Water Quality Resources (Division) also recommends renewal of the temperature variance and deletion - - Formatted
of the color varianc
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BACKGROUND • Formatted
The facility was established in 1908 to produce pulp for the Champion paper mill in Hamilton, Ohio. Blue Formatted
Ridge paper acquired ownership of the mill in May of 1999 from Champion International. In 2007 the f Formatted
facility was purchased by the Rank Group and now operates as a subsidiary of Evergreen Packaging. The , /( Formatted
company currently employs about 1 500 people in North Carolina.
J.Formatted
Dlue Ridge Paper is an employee -owned -and -operated -integrated, elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleached r , / ( Formatted
kraft pulp and paper mill,with oxygen deligninifcationdelignification.nand bleach filtrate recycle, a Formatted
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
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mill in Canton, North Carolina. Processes at the mill include a pine bleach line; hardwood bleach line,
paperboard and fine paper production lines. Pine and hardwood chips are transported to the site via rail or
truck and subsequently processed into pulp for paper or paperboard production.
In or -around 1990, Champion International Corporation (Champion Paper now Blue Ridge Paper) initiated
a $300 million dollar modernization project termed the Canton Modernization Project (CMP)c This project
eliminated the use of elemental chlorine and implemented significant changes to both the pine and hardwood
bleaching lines.
;The mill upgrade included two changes that significantly,matieally improved the mill's environmental
perfonnanceimpaet. The first major change was the use of oxygen delignification. This process is
utilizedged- o separate the lignin from the fiber. This resulted in significant improvement in the mills
environmental performance. The second major change was the implementation of full-scale bleach filtrate
recycle (BFR) on the pine bleach line and caustic extrationextractioristage (E0) filtrate recycle (-.20%) on the Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
hardwood bleach line. For a more detailed description of the mill improvements, refer to the Canton „ Y Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Modernization Project Section below:,
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The Canton Modernization Pmject greatly reduced the wastewater generated and eventually discharged to
the Pigeon River. Even with these improvements, significant quantities of wastewater are generated in the
production of pulp and paper and proper treatment prior to discharge is required.
Wastewater generated by the Canton Mill, along with the Town of Canton's domestic wastewater, is treated
at Blue Ridge Paper's Wastewater Treatment Plant. The treatment plant is a 29,934.0 MGD wastewater
treatment system consisting of the following unit processes:
• Grit Chamber
• Bar screens
• Lift pumps
• Polymer addition
• pH control (CO2,injection or HSO$4 backup)
• Three primary clarifiers (one normally off-line)
• Nutrient feed
• Aeration basins
• Three secondary clarifiers
• Residual belt presses
• Effluent flow measurement
• Cascade aeration (with oxygen injection)
• Oxygen injection facilities
,Solids at this facility are deposited into a dedicated landfill. A portion of the energy at the facility is
generated by burning coal. Coal ash is landfilled into a double -lined landfill, which is equipped with
leaehatewith leachate collection. Leachate is treated at the wastewater treatment system.
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The history of this mill, under the ownership of Champion Paper and now Blue Ridge Paper, Dias been
controversial. Under Champion Paper, the environmental impacts of the Canton Mill were noted by
concerned citizens, environmental groups, the State of Tennessee, State of North Carolina, and the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The issues raised by these individuals and groups
contributed to the Canton Mill's improved environmental performance and resulted in a settlement
agreement issued January 8, 1998. All the conditions in the settlement agreement have been met.
Today the relationship among the various stakeholders has evolved to one of cooperation. The Division
This permit has
centered around four main issues associated withemanating-from the mill's discharge: color, temperature,
oxygen consuming waste and dioxin, and a brief synopsis follows.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 2
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Color
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pn July 13, 1988, Champion Paper was granted a variance from North Carolina's narrative water quality _ - Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
standard for color, which the EPA interpreted to be 50 color units. The EPA subsequently issued a NPDES
permit to Champion Paper facility in Canton, North Carolina.
In 1994, the EPA returned NPDES permitting authority for the Canton Mill back to North Carolina's
Division of Water QualityResources, During the permit renewal the original color variance was modified, - - Formatted: Font: Times New Roman 1
and both the permit and the variance were issued i around December 11 12, 1996. As outlined above, over \ - Formatted: Font Times New Roman
the course of this variance the mill has initiated significant colorimprovements, which have markedly Formatted: Font Times New Roman
;dramatic -ally -reduced the color loading and other effluent characteristics.
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surrounding this permit renewal., The EPA chaired Technology Review Workgroup TR haws n
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recommendations issued by the Technology Review Workgroup included b d tithe fmdings of a
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The original,comprehensive millperfotmance evaluations -valuation -was conducted by an independent """` `
consultant;Dr. Norm Liebergott in 2001 and,_was co -sponsored by Blue Ridge Paper and several un,,,,, ,( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
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environmental groups-andgroups. . The latest report of Dr. „„ Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Liebergott was issued on July 7, 2006 and sponsored by Blue Ridge Paper,In addition; to identifying areas ;`,�'; ll„� Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
for improvement and available technologies, Dr. Liebergott compared the Canton mill to 76,similar mills uunnt
around the world. Dr. Liebergott concluded that the Canton mill's environmental performance is among the
best in the world. The later. Tocx .-eco .,,o..,l,..:,.. , o o „e,l ,.. ro>,..,,,...., 2c 2nna ,...,1 , o rate l nuinii i
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per day. The mill will also evaluate the feasibility of treating the highly colored low flow wastestream from
treatment of the CRP wastestream is highly uncertain and no color reductions have been established for this
As shown in Table 1, the 6,000 pound per day annual average color reduction will become effective on
writterrnotifieation-from-the-Direetorthe-everit-that-the-aehievable-limits-are-outside-of this -range -then
modified.
Table -Major Date-s-for-ConmlianeeReports,
002
Requirement
Fish Tissue Study Report
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 3
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October 1, 2003
Statistical -evaluation -of perfonnance-for determination of the -monthly
average effluent color limit
First reduction in effluent color limit
December 1, 2003
Feasibility report on additional proce.,s improvements for further color
reductions
2001
December 1, 2005
Fish Tissue Study Report
Statistical analysis and feasibility report on treatment of CRP waste.,tream
Second reduction in effluent color limit
Mar
M-ay-124406
Balanced and Indigenous Species Study Report
Temperature
The facility first requested and received a 316 (a) variance (approved by EPA) for temperature on August 6,
1985. This determination demonstrated that the effluent limitations relating to the thermal component of the
Champion discharge were more stringent than necessary to assure protection and propagation of a balanced
indigenous population of shellfish, fish, and wildlife in the Pigeon River. Therefore, the 316(a) temperature
variancedetermination was approved based on protection of the appropriate use classification of the Pigeon
River. The temperature variance was reviewed and renewed as part of the Triennial Review in 1997.
Dlue Ridge Pier submitted a Balance4_and Indigenous Species Study pn the Pigeon River in January of
2014May-of-2006,en-June-1,2001. The study was conducted by the University of Tennessee. pQ
scientist,have reviewed the report and concluded that continuance of the temperature variance is
appropriate. Therefore, the Division of Water Quality -Resources, is recommending continuation of the
temperature variance with reporting requirements consistent with the previous permits (see Table 1).
During the last permit renewal the variance requirements were changed and the temperature difference
between upstream and downstream monitoring locations (AT) was reduced from 1399C to 8.5°C despite the
fact that BIP [balanced, indigenous population] study results were approved.
,Oxygen Consuming Waste
An EPA approved model predicted that even with a BODD1loading of 12091b/day (5.0 mg/L at 29 MGD)
that the dissolved oxygen in the Pigeon River would not be protected. Since Blue Ridge Paper cannot
comply with such stringent effluent limitations, an instream oxygen augmentation method was implemented
to protect the dissolved oxygen in the receiving stream. For further discussion on this subject refer to the
Oxygen Consuming Waste senventiena1- pollutant,section-belew.
pioxins
jllevated levels of dioxins were found in fish tissue in the Pigeon River (around the late 1980s).
Subsequently, a a--tshfish consumption advisory was issued for sport fish, catfiskand carp. The Canton Mill
has not discharged any detectable levels of 2,3,7,8 TCDD to the Pigeon River (since 1989) and dioxin in
€ish tissue continueto decline. Gurrent1y . Fsh e ptie a visor y eontine. f _ earp a..a eatr:..h
Mostfhe fish consumption advisories in North Carolina and Tennessee were removed in 1998 and 2002�are
Environmental Health (DEH) has initiated a review of the fish consumption advisory on Pigeon River and
Waterville Lake. DEH is evaluating dropping the advisory on catfish in the North Carolina portion of the
' BOD5 is an analytical method used to estimate the biochemical oxygen demand.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 4
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Pigeon River and limiting The last fiskthe advisory ffren CommorpCarp Qte Waterville Lake was removed _ - l Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
on January 7, 2007,_ There are no fish advisories in the Pigeon River at this time. Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
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The May 2010 NPDES Permit (the last permit issued) for the Blue Ridge Canton Mill required three (3)
additional years of fish tissue sampling and surveillance. During the sampling years between 2008-2013 the Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
concentrations in fish tissue fillets were below the NC DHHS 4 ppt TEQ [toxic equivalency] action level for \ I Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
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fish consumption advisory. In 2014, TEQ values were below detection for channel catfish for both sampling
Stations; however, in common carp, TEQ values were 9.619 ppt for Station 4A and 2.928 for Station 4B.
The TEQ results for common carp fillets in 2014 and 2007 could be anomalies or could indicate that some
fish are present in the population with relatively higher TEQ values.
EPA conducted a High Volume dioxin sampling in the Pigeon River in 2014 and concluded that "the most
potent of congeners in the series, 2,3,7,8 — TCDD, was not detected in dissolved samples at the reporting
limit of 0.0012 parts per quadrillion at any station".
During the previous permit renewal all sampling results showed results below TEQ action level. Since the
fish dioxin concentration have been reduced steadily during the last several decades and the facility had no
dioxin detection in it's effluent since 1989 and the EPA High Volume dioxin sampling results, the fish tissue
sampling requirement in the permit will be reduced from 3 times/5 years to 1 time/5 years. However, if any
sampling result shows a TEQ exceedance the facility shall conduct an additional round of fish sampling.
316(b)
The design intake for the facility is 80 MGD, the actual average withdrawal (2012-2014) is
approximately 33 MGD. However, the facility only uses 12% of the withdrawn water for cooling
purposes due to an extensive reuse of the wastewater. Therefore, the facility is not subject to 316(b)
rule
The facility discharge., to the Pigeon River near Canton, North Carolina. The Pigeon River from Canton to
decline. There has been no detection of 2,3,7,8 TCDD in sport fish since 1995 and below North Carolina'
fish consumption advisory level for 2,3,7,8 TCDD in catfish since 1997, ba.,ed on Blue Ridge Paper's data.
Carolina's advi.or level
with the USGS, provided the updated low flow statistics noted above using data from 1933 through 1999.
The low flow statistics at Canton include the influence of Lake Logan, which was constructed in 1932 and
hydrography-within-the-water-shed-and-does-net-re-fleet-eonditiens-prier-te-eonstruetien-ef the -lakes
The impact of this reevaluation of the low flow statistics is that the lowest seven day average flow expected
once in ten years (7Q10) has been reduced from 51 cfs to 52 cfs. This affects the instream waste
INSTREAM MONITORING
The current permit requires Blue Ridge Paper to conduct an extensive instream monitoring program
consisting of 94-2 monitoring sites (1-upstream of mill in Pigeon River, 3 Waterville Reservoir, and 77- _ - ( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
downstream of mill in Pigeon River and 1-Big Creek; See Figure 1 and Table), ' {Formatted: Font: Times New Roman 1
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Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 5
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Jnstream Monitoring by Parameter _ , f Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Blue Ridge Paper is required to monitor fecal coliform upstream (at station UP) and downstream of the
discharge (at station DN1). Analysis indicates no di.,cemable difference between the upstream and
mill's impact on the river. Blue Ridge Paper has volunteered to conduct upstream sampling and thi.,
requirement will remain as a condition in the permit. Thus, the Division's recommendation is the
elimination of the downstream fecal monitoring and once per week fecal monitoring upstream.
Blue Ridge Paper is required to monitor conductivity upstream (at station UP) and downstream (at station
cite.,. Conductivity measurements are 1e^c than 50 umhos/cm5 at the upstream monitoring station and
generally greater than 250 umhos/cm2 at the Fiberville Bridge. This increa.,e in conductivity is expected
ritor:r, ,emir.. n 2B ncn8(-
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 6

Figure 1. Instream Monitoring Stations for Blue Ridge Paper Products — Canton Mill.
USGS Sites
Primary Highways
Pigeon River Hydrography
NPDES Discharger
Municipal boundaries
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d,,..,nstrea „Fa.^ ,riser.arge at a.^ stub Funns ^ve-been-less—tliaiB�^serf-on
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 7

Instream Monitoring by Parameter
Blue Ridge Paper is required to monitor conductivity upstream (at station UP) and downstream (at station
DN1). The Division's recommends that conductivity monitoring continue as required by 15A NCAC 2B
.0508(d), _ - l Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Blue Ridge Paper monitors temperature upstream at station UP and downstream at all monitoring stations
except station DN6 and station BC. Review of the data from 01/01/2004 through 12/31/2008 indicated that
the monthly average temperature of the Pigeon River did not exceed the permitted limits of 32 °C (summer)
or 29 °C (winter).
Blue Ridge Paper monitors dissolved oxygen (DO) at all the instream stations except station DN6 and
station BC. Over the period of review (01/01/201404-12/31/201808), daily average dissolved oxygen
concentration did not drop below the North Carolina's standard of 5.0 mg/L for Class C streams at DN1 and
DN2 any -of -he-instream monitoring locations. Historically, Tthe lowest oxygen concentrations occurred at
the DN2 monitoring stations. This trend continued during the last 5 years. The average DO level at the DN1
location during the review period was 9.58 mg/L and at the DN2 location was 8.69 mg/L.
Table . Instream Monitoring Requirements According to the 1997 NPDES Permit and Color Variance.
Stream Mile
Designation Marker
UP
Location Description
Parameter Frequency
63.8 Pigeon River upstream of the Temperature Daily
waste treatment plant outfall D.O. Daily
(prior to mixing with the BODs 1/Week
discharge) Conductivity Daily
Color 2/Week
Flow Daily
Fecal coliform 1/Week
pN1
62.9 Pigeon River at Fiberville Bridge Temperature
Daily
D.O. Daily
Conductivity Daily
Fecal Coliform 1/Week
Color 2/Week
pN2
57.7 Pigeon River Above Clyde
Temperature
D.O.
Daily
Daily
pN3
pN4
pN5
55.5 Pigeon River Below Clyde Temperature 1/Week
D.O.
Color
1/Week
/Week
53.5 Pigeon River at NCSR 1625 Temperature 1/Week
bridge D.O. 1/Week
Color /Week
42.6 Pigeon River at Hepco Temperature 1/Week
D.O. 1/Week
Color 12/Week
Flow Daily
Watein411e-Resen=eif Annually
pN6
26.0 Pigeon River prior to mixing with Color
Big Creek
12/Week
BC
26.0 Mouth of Big Creek prior to Color 12/Week
mixing with the Pigeon River
pN7
24.7 Pigeon River at Browns Bridge Temperature 1/Week
(-NC/TNTENNESSEFiState D.O. 1/Week
Line) BOD5 1/Week
Color /Week
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 8
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0 0
t e D: n P: ed th e mitttted lmit:te of 32 oC (e ) or 22_9 oC / r )_
�c crc�occ �^p.Tn o-o ���caraiicT7 ���T7�
Blue Ridge Paper monitors dissolved oxygen (DO) at all the instream stations except station DN6 and
static Br'. Ove e-pe,': Freviewv /1v� -99S 2000`T, dissolved oxygen d awe drep-belo, he rth
summarizes -the -results -of this-analysi&
During the 1997-2001 previous permit cycle, an EPA -approved computer model indicated that BOD5 limits _ _ - -{ Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
were required to protect North Carolina's instream dissolved oxygen standard of 5 mg/L for Class C waters.
An economically feasible end -of -pipe technology capable of consistently treating to levels necessary to meet
the limits specified by the model did not exist. North Carolina agreed with the continuation of the
requirement that Blue Ridge Paper meet the instream dissolved oxygen standard by use of sidestream oxygen
injection facilities. Blue Ridge Paper maintained these oxygen injection facilities at the effluent and at
approximately 0.9, and2.1, and 3.7 miles downstream of the discharge. The previous NPDES permit
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To ensure compliance with the above requirement, the average daily instream dissolved oxygen levels at
stations DN1, DN2 and DN3 were required to equal or exceed 5.0 mg/L and the minimum instantaneous
instream values were required to be greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/LJ If dissolved oxygen drops below the _ -
prescribed values,Blue Ridge Paper shall utilize the instream dissolved oxygen injection stations to increase _ _
the dissolved oxygen in the river.
This method fulfilled the requirements of 10 CFR 125.3 (f).
Blue Ridge Paper has compiled an extensive database on instream dissolved oxygen concentrations and
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 9
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35
30
25
u 20
6 15
10
5
0
Nov-98
Discharge.
Permitted Limits
Summer Limit :32°C
Winter Limft:29°C
NC Standard
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dr a 2.1c
Pemitted Dirt: .. 1 t :13.9°C
ill\
•,,__- .
' IP
Feb-99 May-99 Aug-99 Dec-99 Mar-00
Time
Jun-00
Oct-00
Jan-01
Ap -01
- Station
UP
f Station
DN1
State Line. (Average DO* = In (DO))
•
BRP discharge
NCIDIN State Line
70 00
60.00
50.00
40.00 30.00
River Mile
20.00
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 10
10.00
12.00
10.00
8.®
0
4.80
2.00
0.00
0.00
— A—Average DO
t Minimum
Standard
Average DO`
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Stations DN2 and DN3 were included because the dissolved oxygen model predicted that the DO sa_
of Clyde's di charge, it is recommended that the dis olved oxygen compliance point at station DN3 be
eliminated.
ob.,erved in the North Carolina portion of the Pigeon River was 5.0 mg/L and occurred at river mile 57.7.
period indicates that the di -solved oxygen sag occurs at river mile 57.7. Based on this analysis, the
eon pl:aneo pent and moniterin requirement at ni to c5 c ha, a bee, dropped The oxygen injection
facilities will continue to be maintained at the effluent, 0.9, and 2.1 miles downstream, and used as necessary
to maintain an instream dissolved oxygen level of 5 mg/Lj. The condition to maintain the instream dissolved _ - - f Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
oxygen stations shall remain a condition of the permit until such time that the permitted loading of oxygen
consuming waste to the Pigeon River is less than or equal to that proposed by an appropriate water quality
model.
If dissolved oxygen at station 57.7 drops below 5.0 mg/L, the facility is required to monitor dissolved _ - - ( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
oxygen at river mile 55.5 and 53.5.
Instream monitoring continues to be required in order to assess Blue Ridge Paper 's impact on the Pigeon
River and to ensure that the dissolved oxygen standard is maintained within the river.
COLOR
gauge station. The new effluent limits in this permit are more stringent than the provisions in the 1997
Permit and Color Variance and will result in reduced color levels in the Pigeon River. It is po^eible to
calculate the monthly flow at the Canton gage station above which instream color at the Fiberville Bridge
average color in the Pigeon River at the Fiberville Bridge will be le-s than 50 true color units whenever the
monthly average flow (at the Canton gage station) is greater than 171.8 MGD. North Carolina i.
The g ,. flow iterio,� f rue ,.,, or at Cant,.,,0Q-2 st.o,.,,,e flow
��gcr'v'crriurg ovrczzicnvrnvrau�c v� �sr��.airxxcrw�nczio yr
established is greater than this 30Q2 stream flow, therefore, for flows lee than the 171.8 MGD at the Canton
Gage station but greater than 193.3 MGD at the Hepco gage station, the monthly average color in the Pigeon
River at Hepco will be less than 50 true color units.
the moving of the station from Hepco to Fiberville, DWQ recommends that the mill monitor the Hepco
station 2/week during the summer and once per week during the winter.
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Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 11
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ElowatCanton USCS(MCD) (MonthlyAve ageEfflueztColorLinit, lb / day —12468.3) + 31.6 + 2.4 4 Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
308.58
For flows at the Canton Gage station less than the flow established here but greater than 193.3 MGD at the
units.
Compliance Summary
During the review period (011a108/201304 through
12/3109/201808) the following NOVs (notices of violation) have been issued: 08/21/200614 - for violating
fecal coliform limit, 1 — for violating BOD limit, 1— for violating TSS limit, and 2 — for violating Color
limit.
maximuntlimit
Previous inspections had identical fmdings.been in compliance with permit conditions during this cycle.
Permitting Rationale —Toxicity Testing
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The facility has consistently passed the chronic toxicity test at 90% effluent during the previous 5 years (19
of 2019 tests passed). Therefore, chronic toxicity is not an issue. The permit renewal retains the same chronic
toxicity test limit. r. Deeember t 999 ♦ho F eilit reportea , ehron:, level of Q t of (with , state split- ple _
greater than 87%), with the following two months greater than 100. All other toxicity tests over the past four
years were greater than the stipulated 87%.
updated April 2001). For Blue Ridge Paper, the instream waste concentration was determined by also
withdrawal by the Town of Canton (allocated 6.8 MGD1). Therefore, the instream waste concentration was
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Commented [di]: Note: That even if the Canton intake
withdrawal is not included the IWC is 90%. From a practical
standpoint the exclusion of the Town of Canton's withdrawal
from the 7Q10 stream flow has no implications.
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for the averaging of multiple te.,ts.
The draft permit retains the : Quarterly Chronic Toxicity limitA 90%
effluents Oar, Jun; Sep; Dec5
approved by the Division) on a quarterly basis at 90%. Any equivalent method shall aLo be performed on a
quarterly basis.
Permitting Rationale — Color
The annual average color limit of 369,000 lb/day,- the monthly average color limit of 52,000 lb/day, and the
daily maximum color limit of 105,250 lb/day wereas established in accordance with the Technology Review
WorkgroupRW (TRW) recommendations for the 2010 permit renewal and will be continued in the new
permit. The TRW was chaired by the EPA and consisted of the independent experts, EPA experts, and
representatives from North Carolina and Tennessee. The ill ha e to aehie, e e ter lim:t of
27 nnn it ia,.., b y the en , fthe ..ermi. eyelo
recommendations
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 12
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The newly established daily maximum color limit is 105,250 lb/day. This limit is based on best profe.,sional - - -( Formatted: Normal, Space Before: 6 pt
1/1/1998 through 12/31/2009.
Permitting Rationale — Toxicants�4nalysis
Using the self -monitoring data required per the NPDES permit for Outfall 001„ reasonable potential analyses
were conducted on the following toxicants: dioxit nereury, zinc, cadmium, selenium and silver. The
standards used for the analyses are consistent with North Camlina standards for a class C waterbody.
Arsenic, Cadmium, Total Phenolic Compounds, Total Chromium, Total Copper, Cyanide, Fluoride,
Total Lead, Total Mercury, Total Molybdenum, Total Nickel, Total Selenium, Total Silver, Total Zinc
Based on the Division's analysis of self -monitoring data, this discharge does not pose a reasonable
potential to cause a violation of the North Carolina stream standard for eadmiuimthese parameters.
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Mercury Ba.,ed on the Division's analysis of .,elf monitoring data, this discharge does not po.,e a
Based on the fmdings in this report and the `Reasonable Potential' Analysis, it is recommended that mercury
requirements are adequate to control toxicity due to the pre.,ence of silver. Though no limit is proposed, if
the facility experiences chronic toxicity violations, the discharge will be re evaluated and a silver limit may
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Selenium Based on the Division's analysis of self monitoring data, this discharge doe., not pose a
reasonable potential to cause a violation of the North Carolina stream standard for selenium. Therefore, the
soloniu limit will be e an two e-ffluent .. onit,.rin will be -re uee t, ,.....ua
_ - --(Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
the quantitation level for the method. Additionally, the QA/QC data que.,tions the validity of this data point.
However, the Division has limited Blue Ridge Paper for Selenium. After collecting for one and half year;
Zinc Based on the Division's analysis of self monitoring data, this discharge doe., pose a reasonable
potential to cause an exceedence of the North Carolina's Action Level Standard for zinc. However,
violations the discharge will be re evaluated and a zinc limit may be implemented according to the
Division's Action Level Policy. Monitoring requirements will be reduced to semi annual due to the very
geea toxicity -af o istent ., itt, i c A NC A C 2u 0508 is
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 13
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Dioxin — Based on the Division's analysis of self -monitoring data, this discharge does not pose a reasonable
potential to cause a violation of the North Carolina stream standard for dioxin because all the values were
below detection level. However, the dioxin limit will be maintained because of the EPA requirement.
The facility had no dioxin detection in it's effluent
since 1989. Currently Blue Ridge Paper is required to monitor dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers from the
influent, sludge, landfill leachate, and effluent.
recommending that the monitoring frequency in the draft permit be maintained
Annual dioxin fish tissue analysis shall continue through 2009 in accordance with the recommendations of
the Division's biologists.
Permitting Rationale — Oxygen Consuming Waste Pollutants
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A site -specific Best Available Technology (BAT) based limit was calculated for the 2001 permit to _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
determine the monthly average 5 - day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) limit. A site -specific BAT
approach was used because North Carolina's Division of Water QualiPfResource scontinues to agree that an _ - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
economically feasible end -of -pipe technology capable of reliably meeting the water quality limit specified by
the existing model does not exist at this time and no violations of the dissolved oxygen standard in the river
have been observed in recent years.
The North Carolina Division of Water Q Resources` recommendation for the 2001draft permit BOD5 _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
limit wasis established based on the demonstrated level of performance for the existing treatment plant. Data
evaluated and examined for outliers. Formatted: Font Times New Roman
Report", the performance of this mill is among the be.,t in the world. The maximum influent loading and
lowest treatment plant performance were used to develop the monthly average BOD5 limit. The data set was
sufficient to account for the day to day variability of the treatment system.
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on treatment plant performance and influent loading from the Canton Mill (1998 through 2000) was
Over the time period evaluated, the treatment plant has performed extremely well. The lowest percent
removal was 96.9% and the highest influent loading was 414.9 mg/L. Based on this analysis, North
Carolina's Division of Water Quality Resourcesjecommends to retain a monthly average BOD5 loading of
3,205,0 lbs/day in the draft perni
Pigeon River. Because Blue Ridge Paper has oxygen injection facilities in place to maintain the instream
dissolved oxygen standard should instream dissolved oxygen dictate a need, Blue Ridge Paper complies with
the conditions set forth by 40 CFR 125.3 (f).
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The methodology used for the daily maximum 5 - day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) limit was
developekrecemmended during the 1997previous permit cycle. A site -specific daily maximum to monthly _ - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
average multiplier was used for determination of the recommended daily maximum limit. Using this - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
methodology and reviewing data since the Canton Modernization Project (1998 2/2001) the recommended
daily maximum limit was based on a multiplier of 3.4 (daily maximum/monthly average) is 10 897lb/day. _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman 1
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maximum BOD5 limit.
The draft Permit retains the existing BOD5 daily maximum limit.
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Ammonia monitoring requirements are retained inincluded in the draft permit to provide data concerning - - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
levels of ammonia discharged to the Pigeon River (which may affect instream dissolved oxygen). Formatted: Font Times New Roman
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 14

Effluent dissolved oxygen is limited at no less than 6 mg/LI based on the above discussion. Daily
monitoring is required based on 15A NCAC 2B .0508 (d), Paper and Allied Products, Class IV facility.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) monitoring is required to assess the potential impact of chemical
oxygen demand from the Blue Ridge Paper wastewater effluent. Neither federal effluent guidelines nor
North Carolina water quality standards require a limit for COD. Though no limit is proposed, the EPA has
reserved COD for potential future limits. Therefore, COD monitoring will be continued.
Permitting Rationale — Flow Limit
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The facility requested to increase flow limit to 34.0 MGD to accommodate changes at the facility and - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
submitted EAA to justify the increase in flow.
The facility will make the following changes that results in the flow increases:
1. Two new scrubbers for compliance with MACT Control conditions required by the mill's Air Permit.
Based upon information provided by the Mill, each scrubber has a designed blowdown of 100 gpm (0.144
MGD). Estimated Increase — 0.288 MGD-
2. Additional water usage from an existing scrubber to maintain compliance operational performance. This
has led to an increase of 100 gpm (0.144 MGD) of water usage due to an increase in blowdown. Estimated
Increase — 0.144 MGD;
3. The Mill's water intake plant was required to capture the water from the traveling screen. This has led to _ - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
an increase in flow to the wastewater treatment plant of 167,gpm (0.24 MGD). Estimated Increase-0.24 _ _ I Formatted: Font: 11 pt
MGD;
4. Increased water usage to maintain settling basin performance has led to an increase,of 63 gpm (0.0907 _ - I Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
MGD). Estimated Increase — 0.091 MGD;
5. A new desilicizer system was installed. The backwash and regeneration rate is`stimated at 66 gpm (0.095 _ - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
MGD). Estimated Increase — 0.095 MGD;
6. Increased fresh water demand in the paper process area required to meet more Astringent product food _ - -f Formatted: Font: 11 pt
safety requirements for two paper machines. Estimated flow Increase is 1 041 to 2 014 gpm (1.5 to 2.9 _ - 4 Formatted: Font: 11 pt
MGD). Estimated Increase — 2.9 MGD-
7. Additional leachate collected from the Canton Mill Landfill. The current cellsppened in 2010 (D-South) _ - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
and 2015 (D-North). There is a total of 15 acres of)andfill currently being used. An additional cell will open _ - "Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
in the Fall of 2020. Asthe landfill increases in size, the amount of leachate captured increases. This has {Formatted: Font: 11 pt
led to an increase of 22 gpm (0.03 MGD) with an additional 43 gpm (0.06 MGD) After the new cell is
added. Estimated Increase — 0.03 to 0.06 MGD; and - - - 4 Formatted: Font: 11 pt
8. Flow and loadings can increase from the Town of Canton wastewater collection system as the town _ - "Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
changes. While the Town does not anticipate a large growth, ithas available water systems. Their current - _ I Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
estimates are 26 to 27 million gallons ,of water consumed. The Town's Water Treatment Plant has a capacity {Formatted: Font: 11 pt
of 4 MGD,and currently produces an average of 1.3 MGD. Range of Increase — 0.0 to 0.3 MGD.
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The result of each of these changes has led to an increase in water coming to the Mill's 'I Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
wastewater treatment plant. The estimated flow increase ranges from 2.4 to 4.12 MGD.
Based on the provided rational the DEQ approved the request to increase flow limit from 29.9 MGD to 34.0
MGD.
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Jernutting Rationale — Nutrients _ - -f Formatted: Font: Bold
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NUTRIENT POLLUTANT ANALYSIS I Formatted: Font Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold
phosphorus $ by O O ( ) y Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 11 pt
Total hos horns and total nitrogen monitorin is required 15A NCAC 2b .0508 d 2 A . Monthly
monitoring is required to assess the contribution of nutrients from Blue Ridge Paper and the potential impact ' I Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, Bold
to Waterville Reservoir. 4 Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 15

The Waterville Reservoirs not currently impaired due to the nutrients. The nutrient contributions from the _ - l Formatted: Underline
paper mill is relatively low, the long term Nitrogen concentration in the discharge is 1.7 mg/L, and the long
term Phosphorus concentration in the discharge is 0.68 mg/L.;
impasts-to4lie-lak-
TOXICANTS
,Permitting Rationale —Conventional Pollutants
QUARTERLY FROM TIIE INFLUENT, SLUDGE, LANDFILL LEACIIATE, AND EFFLUENT. BASED ON AN
T �s, . E >I oom T �s, . E >I oo6 oQox r lsINcE >I oo6x .
TIM EFFLUENT LIMIT FOR 2,3,7,8 TCDD IIAS BEEN REDUCED. DURING NORTH CAROLINA'S
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PROCEDURES. _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, Small caps
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Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 16
)

The total suspended solids (TSS) limits were calculated using the EPA promulgated Effluent Guidelines for
the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category - 40 CFR 430 Subpart Band compared to existing _
limits, The TSS limits contained in the current NPDES permit are more stringent than the calculated federal
effluent guidelines since the current limits are based on the 1993 proposed guidelines for the oxygen
delignification process. The Division recommends that tThe existing TSS limits remain unchanged for this _
permit renewal.pyele:
North Carolina does not have a numeric standard for TSS. The rules specifically regulate floating solids,
settleable solids, and sludge deposits [ref. 15A NCAC 2B .0211(3)(c)]. The draft permit restricts floating
solids.
monthly average TSS limit of 12,519 lbs/day is recommended and a daily maximum TSS limit of 19560
lbs/day is recommended.
Dail.. nit,,rin re basea e r c n r rr n r �u ncn4 is r i rc F edit.
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The temperature requirement is based on a Section 316 (a) temperatureyariance determination issued by _ - [Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
the NC Environmental Management Commission October 11, 1984 and approved by EPA August 6, 1985.
In making the recommendation to retain the current 316(a) temperature variance, DWRQ staffcientist _ - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
evaluated Blue Ridge Paper's Balanced and Indigenous Species Report and concluded that temperature was , \ { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
could not -be -identified -as prohibiting a Balanced and Indigenous population. In addition, DW&Q staff (Formatted: Font Times New Roman
reviewed existing temperature data and concluded thatplthough .,ome improvement in the instream
temperature has occurred (most likely due to overall effluent flow decrea.,e, as.,ociated with proce s Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Blue Ridge Paper still cannot meet the North Carolina Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
temperature requirement as indicated in Figure 2 above. Therefore, DWRQ is recommending that the 316(a) { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
temperature variance continue, with Blue Ridge Paper conducting a Balanced and Indigenous Species Study [Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
prior to the next permit renewal. Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
1
The flow limit is based on Blue Ridge Paper's current flow values and post-CMP production, and includes` _ _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
plus-0.9 MGD for the Town of Canton's wastewater. Future plant i. ert m red„ee the
Since flows are currently approximately 80% of the permitted capacity, tThis flowe Division recommends
that the flow limit remains unchanged. During the next permit cycle the flow limit should be re evaluated
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Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) monitoring is required to assess the potential impact of chemical
oxygen demand from the Blue Ridge Paper wastewater effluent. Neither federal guidelines nor NC water
pe. :,.in, Route-limiterefore GOD- ,enit,,,ing—wi lbe-continued
Limitations for fecal conform are based on the contribution of domestic wastewater from the Town of
Canton and the requirements of 15A NCAC 2B .0211 (b) (3) (E).
Conductivity monitoring is required based on 15A NCAC 2B .0508 (d), Paper and Allied Products (Water
Quality Limited Facilities), for a Class IV facility.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 17

River. Therefore, the Division recommends removal of total residue and total dissolved solids monitorin_
from the permit.
Limitations for pH 6.0 —9.0 are based on 15A NCAC 2B .0211 (b) (3) (G).
Permitting Rationale — EPA Effluent Guidelines
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Relevant Background Information
♦hi ti,,, o,1
Pulp produced at the Canton Mill is supplemented with pine and hardwood pulp purchased from off site and
Table 3. Itemized Production Figures for the Maximum 12 Month Average Production Period.
Product Units
Fine Pulp 217,631.18 Air Dried Tons _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman i
Iardwood P--u p 298,833.91 Air Dried Tons _ _ - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
Durehased Dine Dulp 24,306.87 Air Dried Tons _ - {Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
purchased Hardwood Pulp 22,252.21 Air Dried Tons _ - -( Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
u,- ke na er Tr:. nul^ 46,559.08 Air Dried Tons _ - { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
paperboard Production 313,625.90 Eli€€ Machin _ , { Formatted: Font: Times New Roman i
Fine Paper Production 32 26nn E;`ffinael3ine- Fens _ - Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
The facility is subject to the Cluster Rules (40 CFR 430 Subpart B). The Pulp and Paper Cluster Rule
was established by EPA to protect human health and the environment by reducing toxic releases to
the air and water from U.S. pulp and paper mills.
regulatory and enforcement related rewards and incentives.
Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX). Weekly ?
Daily effluent monitoring and limits for,Adsorable Organic Halides (AOXX is required. AOX is an overall
test for adsorbable organic halides, which includes chlorinated organics. Trends in concentration changes
have been observed between AOX and specific pollutants (dioxins, chlorinated organics) at pulp and paper
mills. Therefore, any decrease in AOX may also indicate a decrease in chlorinated organics. Limits -and
daily monitoring for AOX are required in the EPA Cluster Rules. The cluster rules are the combined air and
AOX limits shall be as defined in the sampling plan.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 18
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During the next permit cycle, the Division will review the AOX data for po^eible reduction in monitoring
Fo
T
Chloroform. ,Chlorofornnmonitoring/limits for bleach plants kave been recalculated for the proposed added
to the permit.
Paper did not have a rea.,onable potential to exceed the allowable level. Therefore, no effluent limit i.,
proposed. Limits contained in the NPDES permit on the bleach plant effluent are based on the EPA
promulgated Effluent Guidelines for the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Point Source Category. Since Blue
Ridge Paper operates two separate fiber lines, there shall be two compliance points for chloroform as
stipulated in the sampling plan.
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.D.xi • ton n additiontothedioxin-limits-andconditions stated in the " ermng Rationale — Toxicants"
ittiRtilTit
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section,—above_Adioxins shall be limited and monitored on the effluent from the each bleach plant. 2,3,7,8 f Formatted:
TCDD and 2,3,7,8 TCDF limits are based on the EPA promulgated Effluent Guidelines for the Pulp, `,"`�yv
Paper, and -Paperboard Point Source Category. �, \ \{ Formatted:
�1 f Formatted:
i1 "
m 111 Formatted:
n 1t Formatted:
Chlorinated Phenolics. Per 40 CFR 430.24, the daily maximum limits for 12phlorinated phenolics are "less l `Formatted:
than Minimum Level" (<ML as specified in 40 CFR 430.01.
TrichlorophenollPentachlorophenol limits and monitoring are not required. The permittee has certified
that chlorophenolic biocides are not used at the facility. This certification eliminates the requirement to
include effluent limits for these two parameters based on 40 CFR 430. However, if the facility changes
future operations to include chlorophenolic biocides limits and monitoring will be required. Limits for these
parameters were recalculated to reflect the current level of the production (please see attached).
B• est Management Practices (BMPs) requirementsltave been added for spent pulping liquors, turpentine,
and soap have been maintained in the permit At this time, Blue Ridge Paper is in compliance with the best
management practices stipulated in the EPA promulgated Effluent Guidelines for the Pulp, Paper, and
Paperboard Point Source Category,
with one remaining issue.
dev• elopment proce e and it is anticipated that this requirement will be completed prior to i euance of thi.,
NPDES permit.
Per 40 CFR 430.24, the daily maximum limits for 12 chlorinated phenolics are "less than Minimum Level"
bleach plants as outlined in the sampling plan.
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Blue Ridge Paper has not joined the Voluntary Advanced Technology Incentives Program (VATIP) for .- - - { Formatted: Space Before: 0 pt
existing direct or new direct dischargers as outlined in 40 CFR 430 Subpart B. The VATI-P program was set
up for new or existing direct dischargers whereby mills agree to accept enforceable effluent limitations and
conditions in their NPDES permits that are more stringent than the BAT limitations, in exchange for
regulatory and enforcement related rewards and incentives.
Blue Ridge Paper will use steam stripping to treat process condensates, rather than hard piping to the
WWTP; thus interface with the Division of Air Quality is not necessary.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 19

Section A. (8.) Requirements for Color Analysis and Compliance Special Condition of the permit
has been updated in accordance with the late.,t EPA Technology Review Workgroup (TRW)
recommendations.
performance of the facility but no later than 1 years after permit effective date. See A. (8.) Color
Analysis and Compliance Special Condition.
Monthly average color limit has been reduced from 55,000 lb/day to 52,000 lb/day (Outfall 001). -
Section A. (12.) Waterville Reservoir Sampling Special Condition was removed from the permit due
to the elimination of the Color Variance and all fish consumption advisories in North Carolina and
Tennessee. The application to remove the Color Variance has been filed.
the -improved stye-anrcendition DNc nt a u� ,...,1 ON
Monitoring frequencies for chloroform have been reduced to quarterly (Outfalls 002 and 003).
AOX (adsorbable organic halides) limits have been recalculated to reflect the current production
leye-1 (Outr tt not 4
t,, anitorin, r equeney f n OX t,,.. bee e,tu e,t t, ., eeldy (OutC..11 not
level (Outf ll 0014
The daily maximum limit for selenium was removed from the permit based on a statistical
(Outfall-001-
Monitoring frequency for pentachlorophenol has been reduced to quarterly (Outfalls 002 and 003).
The ,lady .,, .,, limit f ,1ioxi.. ,..leul..to,l t.....o,l on the ., o ftow :., the
below detection level during the past permit cycle. (Outfall 001).
T, anit,..ing ro,..,oney f ,1ioxi., t,.... been.-o,l,,,.o,l to- ,al (OutF..11.. 002 ..n 00-3)
Monitoring for silver has been removed from the permit based on a statistical analysis of the
effluent ,lata (Outf ll 001
Jtationale for Temperature Variance Renewal
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Blue Ridge Paper submitted the latest Balanced and Indigenous Species Study on the Pigeon River in May of
201206. The study was conducted by the University of Tennessee. DWRQ biologists have reviewed the
report and concluded that continuance of the temperature variance is appropriate. Therefore the Division of
Water QualityResources is recommending continuation of the temperature variance with reporting
requirements consistent with the previous permits. The facility will be required to provide a new Balanced
and Indigenous Species Study prior to the permit renewal.
•Monthly average BOD3 limit reduced 7t tons pe e to 3205 l.i,l,...
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 20
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•Daily maximum BOD5 limit reduced 12.5% to 108971b/day.
•Toxicity testing concentration increased to 90%.
5 monitoring.
•Removal of instream monitoring station 55.5.
•Add selenium limit.
•Trichlorophenol/pentachlorophenol monitoring has been removed.
•The 2,3,7,8 TCDD effluent limit has been modified to 0.011 pg/L.
•Removal of total dissolved solids monitoring.
•Removal of total re.,idue monitoring.
and hardwood line bleach plants per EPA cluster rule.
•The BMP special condition has been updated according to the requirements of the EPA Cluster Rule.
•For color recommendations refer to the July 24, 2001, memo from the EPA Tech Team to the Technology
Review Workgroup.
reviewing all public comments, the Director of the Division of Water Quality and the NPDES Committee of
the Environmental Management Commission will make their recommendations.
Flearing
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August 3, 2001 - l Formatted: Font: Times New Roman
September 6, 2001
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 21
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for GI.... brightncss and 'high, bright.'..
process consist of -two -stage -knotting followed-by-a-brownstoek-pre-oxygen-tlelignifieation-linter
the -initial washing the-pulpis proeessed-through the oxygen-tlelignifieation unit followed -by -another
Aeferences
1
1ooc PDEc U 1 ct rr u .port for NPDTi c ucrmit NCnnnn272 7nn..nr., 18 1ooc nshe ill
Regional-Afi c
Quala , �x�,.ter Quality -Section,
lit., Sect: .
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¢i .
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Buildinlishstry-StOtaleighNorth Carolina.,
67J-993Low Flow Characteristics of Streams in North Carolina0Jnited States Geological Survey
31oo7 NCnnnn2^72 NPDTi S ucrniit rssu,.a t,. Char..:on unpc. , ration Noyeni c. an 2nn1
, ,
i
tact
jfyou-have-any-questions on -any -of the -above information -or on-the-attaehedjmrmiLjplease contact
AiT:..hael r,r.,,..... ,.t (o1 o) 7aa cna4 ex cn4
NAME: DATE:
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 22
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AME: DATE:
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 23
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Nevertheless in the absence of acceptable site specific color perception studies North CarolinaLDEQis
forced to use 50 PCU as ,the de factojnstream color standard.
During the last 30 years Blue Ridge Paper has made significant improvements to the facility m order to
reduce effluent color load and improve it coverall environmental performance. As a result, the annual
average effluent color loading has been reduced from 380 0001b/day in 1988 to 36 0001b/day today.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 24
Color Variance Removal Rationale
- l Formatted: Font: 11 pt
In order to evaluate the color compliance1we need to review the color narrative water quality standard Formatted: Normal
defmition from the North Carolina Administrative code 15A NCAC 2B.0211 Fresh Surface Water Quality Formatted: Font 11 pt
Standards for Class C Waters, - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
The narrative color standard consists of several components, and each of the components has to be _ - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
evaluated:
1) Public Health - There has never been a public health advisory related to color in North Carolina.
2) Aquatic Life and Wildlife - The University of Tennessee biological studies conducted in 2005 and
2012 concluded that the Pigeon River has a "balanced and indigenous fish community in the Pigeon
River below the mill's discharge". The facility is also consistently passing WET tests during the last
5 years and for an extended time period before that. Therefore, the benthic macroinvertebrate
impairment is not believed to be associated with the color discharge.
3) Palatability of Fish — Color is not a parameter associated with fish palatability.
4) Secondary Recreation - Pigeon River in North Carolina continues to be used for secondary
recreation. Division's employees from the central office and the regional office have observed
people fishing below the discharge on numerous occasions.
5) Aesthetic Quality- NC has generally viewed color as primarily an aesthetic issue, and the
interpretation of color as an aesthetic impact is subjective.
Most of the color standard components are easily quantifiable and we can conclude that all of them are being
met in the Pigeon River. The most difficult component of the color standard is aesthetic because it depends
on the personal preferences and perceptions, vision characteristics, backer ound lieht condition, natural
setting, bottom substrate, previous experiences, etc. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to determine
compliance with the color standard and it inevitably leads us to the need to translate the narrative standard to
a numeric value.
One such attempt was made by the EPA in the early 1980's the EPA interpreted the North Carolina color
standard as an instream standard of 50 PCU [Platinum -Cobalt units], This number is based on the ability of
the average observer to detect instream color. However, it is important to emphasize that the ability to detect
color does not mean that the color is objectionable to the observer, which is the basis of the North Carolina
standard. Hence the EPA interpretation is overly conservative.
There are very few studies on the color perception, the most defmitive color perception research on pulp mill
color discharges has been conducted by Dr. Prestrude of Virginia Tech Department of Psychology. His
research was funded in part by the State of Tennessee, and included color perception studies in both
Tennessee and North Carolina waters (Pigeon River). Prestrude (July 1996) reported that the vast majority of
persons participating in the research projects considered water quality color in the receiving stream as
aesthetically acceptable in the 100-110 PCU color range.
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Therefore, we have a contradiction between the EPA's interpretation of the North Carolina color standard rFormatted: Font: 11 pt
and thec onclusions of the Prestrude's studies. It is reasonable to suggest that the true level of color that does J ' 'rl Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Not Italic
not impair aesthetic quality of the stream lies somewhere within the range of 50 PCU to 100 PCU. / l Formatted: Font: Not Italic
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Review of the instream monitoring data for the period 2014-2018 indicates that this condition would be met �I°� h;;l;;;;;1;;i
most of the times with an exception of the drought conditions.
In order to achieve this result, the mill has spent over $526 million in expenditures on environmental process
improvement since 1990. One of the major accomplishments was development of a unique technology—
BFR (bleach filtrate recycling process). BFR removes color from the effluent. It was installed in 1998 at a
capital cost of $30 million.
According to the latest report of consultant Dr. Liebergott (issued on July 7, 2006) the mill is ranked # 1 in
the world in regards to the BOD, COD, and color removal. Dr. Liebergott was originally hired in 2001 by
the consortium of environmental groups to evaluate the facility for color reduction options. Dr. Liebergott
also concluded, after evaluating data from 76 similar mills around the world, that Blue Ridge Paper
Plan, s ranked # 2 in the world in regards to the TSS and AOX (adsorbable organic halides) removal.
A biological studies conducted by the University of Tennessee in 2005 and 2012 concluded that the Pigeon
River has a "balanced and indigenous fish community". This study also found a diverse and healthy
macroinvertebrate community in the Pigeon River. Scientific studies indicate that stream color
concentrations below 100 color units have no effect on health of aquatic organisms (NCASI Special Report
9407, Human Perception and Biological Impacts of Kraft Mill Effluent Color, June 1994).
According to the information the Division received from the state of Tennessee, the River Run Walleye has
returned to the Pigeon River. This is a very sensitive species that indicate high water quality. The Pigeon
River has also become a trophy smallmouth bass fishery and the number of rafters in Tennessee has
increased from —21 000 in 1995 to almost 150 000 in 2007.
The true color at the North Carolina/Tennessee line during the last 5 years (2014-2018) has averaged 21
color units, which is significantly below the value that was interpreted by EPA as the color water quality
standard agreed upon by both states.
The true color at the Fiberville Bridge (0.4 miles below discharge) during the last 5 years (2014-2018) has
averaged 41 color units, which indicates the long-term compliance with the EPA interpreted state color
standard.
The facility requested removal of the Color Variance.
priorpermitRidgeP qg
Variances based on improvements in effluent color and instream conditions.
average effluent color loading has been reduced from 380 000 lb/day in 1988 to 38 0001b/day today (Fig. 2).
SSince,1997 the, color in the effluent has decreased from 60,000 lbs/day to 38,000 lbs/day.
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Color Variance to the next renewal. Blue Paper, is re ue removal of the Color j1 �Im w I Formatted: Font: 11 pt
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capital cost of $30 million.
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Fig. 2. Annual Average Effluent True Color
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 25
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Effluent Color, 1000 Ibs/day
400
300
200
100
0
380
333
— 301 307
243
120
11 76 78 83 62 48 41 43 43 41 45 40 39 37 36 37
H H H H n n n n n n n n n n n
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During the period from 2001 through 2006 (last permit term) the mill spent almost $6 million dollars to
and some of them were independently identified by the BRP staff.
a combination of many factors. Scientific studies indicate that stream color concentrations below 100 color
Biological Impacts of Kraft Mill Effluent Color June 1994).
0.:..0,:::i.- L.. -
Fig -a -Monthly -Average True-G3lerinthe-Pigeonriver at-Fiberville
January 1997 through December 2008
2
2
True Color Units
c.i
00
75
50
25
00
75
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Exceptional drought conditions in
Pigeon River&rirg summer and
fall of2007 and 2008
11
act Sheet
ES Renewal
Page 26
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During the 3 years beginning December 2002, monthly average color at Fiberville (0.1 miles below _ - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt i
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- - - -( Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Fig 4. Monthiy-Average-True Color in -the -Pigeon River at Hepeo Formatted: Font: Times New Raman, 11 pt
January 1988 through December 2008
True Color Units
25
00
:75
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Exceptional drought conditions in Pigeon
River doing summer and tall of 2007
and 2008
WWm-0,00,--NNwp,-er '0W-w ZGA F 02 W-01-Ora coP v--8%JWO) i7 Q Wfl0-W
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7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Monthly average color at HEPC0,(20 miles below dischargejduring the last Permit term beginning
December 2001 has averaged 21 true color units.
225
200
U 175
0
0 150
100
>• 75
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oa
oa
Pigeon -River ColartlpstreamnftheCanton M8
and at Brown's Bridge (-NC/TN State Line): 1988 thru 12/17/2008
I
1
7
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Exceptional drought in Pigeon River dudng
summer and fall of2007 & 2008
M.
� Page 27
CO O - N
Was as
Of Of Of
C C C C
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—State Line Color —Color Upstream of Canton Mill (Background)

never -exceeded,
color units, 08/27/2008 65 color units. This drought (2007 2008) was so severe that the water flow in
Pigeo n wa below 7Q n f .. eev. n below znno f zo .. asks
In order to evaluate the color compliance we need to review`he color narrative water quality standard
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7�......o been a public health adyi rotate,] to eotor in Nos4h Curoliui h _ , ,
2) Aquatic Life and Wildlife, The University of Tennessee biological stud conducted 2005
concluded that the Pigeon River has a "balanced and indigenous fish community in the Pigeon River
yalatability of Fish Color is not a parameter associated with fish palatability.
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5) Aesthetic Quality NC has generally viewed color as primarily an ae.,thetic issue, and the F,
interpretation -of golor-as-an-ae-sthetie-impagt-is-subjeetiveSimilar-te-ader-issues,the-number-of
color complaints, the most defmitive color perception research on pulp mill color discharge., ha.,
been conducted by Dr. Pre.,trude of Virginia Tech Department of Psychology. His research was
funded in part by the State of Tennessee, and included color perception studies in both Tennessee
achieved by Blue Ridge Paper over the past seven years, except under extreme low flow conditions:
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 28
)
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when instream flows fell below 30Q2 and sometime., below 7Q10. In more typical water years
there .. ..digi, ual value.. >t nn PC t :.. 2003 an 2nnn n , my t . .lue >t nn PC t :.. 2nnc
and 2006,
there were 3 of 592 individual instream samples (0.5%) that exceeded 100 PCU.
Instream Color at NC/TN state line (38 miles below Blue Ridge Paper discharge). Between
CY2002 08, there were 0 individual instream sample., that exceeded 100 PCU. The instream color
backgroundgo-10E
Based on actual instream color measured between 2002 08, DWQ believes that compliance with the
effluent color limits established in the 2001 permit were protective of NC's narrative water quality
color standard. Only under extreme drought conditions (below 30Q2/7Q10 flows) were instream
not consider aesthetic color standards violated by the permittee when stream flows fall below 30Q2
de.,ign flow. Further downstream at the NC/TN state line, the instream color limit of 50 PCU ha
been consistently met despite extreme low streamflows and no consideration of background color.
DWQ will continue to evaluate aesthetic color impact based on color complaints received by the
Asheville Regional Office, in tandem with color perception guidelines established by the Prestrude
color studies conducted in Tennessee and Pigeon River.
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being met, benthic macroinvertebrate impairment in some segments of the Pigeon River cannot be j Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 11 pt
attributed to color discharge., and is likely the re.,ult of habitat degradation and NPS pollution.` -f Formatted: Font: 11 pt
J3ased on the evidence presented, the Division believes that the current discharge does not cause violation of \ - fFormatted: Font Times New Raman, 11 pt
the North Carolina Color Standard and the Color Variance should be removed from the permit. The facility
will also continue to investigate feasibility of the new technologies that will reduce color in the effluent and Formatted: Font: 11 pt
implement them (if economically achievable).
According to the state rule 15A NCAC 02B .0206(a)(4) the aesthetic quality standards will be protected
using 30Q2 flow. The state rules do not explicitly define what kind of 30Q2 flow shall be used and the
facility provided justification to use a Monthly 30Q2 flow as a basis for compliance determination. The
justification for the Monthly 30Q2 flow is provided in Section 1.3.3 (page 1-12) of the attached document
entitled Comprehensive Assessment and Analysis of Color in the Pigeon River. The lowest Monthly 30Q2
flow at the facility isprreasured at 129Pfs this number will be used for the compliance purposes at the
Fiberville bridge (0.4 miles below discharge).
The DEQ proposes that the permit condition shall require the facility to meet the monthly average A50 PCU
(the difference between monthly average `upstream and monthly average downstream true color) at the
Fiberville bridge when the flow in the Pigeon river is equal orPbove Monthlyp0Q2. By meeting this
condition, the facility will not contravene the state color standard.
This decision can be supported by the additional following information:
1). The Bowater Hiwassee River Study (Prestrude and Laws, 1989) identified that color increases of 50 to 60
PCU were acceptable to observers. Since the background color concentration for Blue Ridge Paper is 13
PCU, the downstream color concentration of 64 to 74 PCU should be acceptable to observers.
2). The recommendation from the Bowater Study was accepted by the State of Tennessee and it established a
color limit of 50 PCU above background for the Hiwassee River.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 29
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3) . Similar study conducted by Dr. Prestrude for the State of Maine resulted in the color limit of 40 PCU
above the background per river.
4). Dr. Prestrude conducted a color perception studies in both Tennessee and North Carolina waters (Pigeon
River). Prestrude (July 1996) reported that the vast majority of persons participating in the research projects
considered water quality color in the receiving stream as aesthetically acceptable in the 100-110 PCU color
range.
the North Carolina`Color Standarddand the Colo rVariance should be removed from the permit. The facility
will continue to implement color reductionineasure., identified by the TRW..The facility will Also continue a
to investigate feasibility of the new technologies that will reduce color in the effluent and implement them (if-";\\\\
eeonomieally-aehievab14
CANTON MODERNIZATION PROJECT
is uun��
Prior to 1993, knotting hardwood brownstock was washed through one of two brownstock washer lines. m\\
After washing brownstock was screened using a two -stage fine screening process and bleached in one of the '\ , °;;;; ;
two bleaching lines. The two bleaching lines were operated independently for 'low' brightness and `high'
Il lulls
brightness.
�unm
Ilion
.nu.
inn
Since 1993, the hardwood fiberline has incorporated numerous modifications designed to increase mill
performance from both an environmental and product quality standpoint. Currently, the hardwood fiberline
consist of two stage knotting followed by pre -oxygen delignification washers. After pulp is processed
through the oxygen delignification unit it is washed again prior to the four stage pressurized fine screening.
After screening, the pulp is bleached through one medium consistency bleach line.
Prior to 1992, pine (softwood) pulp was processed through one brownstock washing line prior to the two
stage screening process. After screening, pulp was processed through one of the two bleaching lines.
Similar to the hardwood fiberline, the softwood fiberline bleaching was operated independently for 'low'
brightness and `high' brightness.
Like the hardwood fiberline the softwood fiberline has incorporated numerous modifications in order to
enhance product quality and environmental performance. Currently, the softwood fiberline process consists
of two stage knotting followed by a brownstock pre -oxygen delignification line. After the initial washing the
pulp is processed through the oxygen delignification unit followed by another washing. After the second
washing pulp is screened using four stage pressurized fine screen before entering a medium consistency
bleach line.
In addition to the improvements noted, the facility has implemented full scale bleach filtrate recycle of the
pine bleach line and partial caustic extraction stage (Eo) recycle on the hardwood bleach line.
SUMMARY - PROPOSED PERMIT CHANGES
1) Section A. (8.) Requirements for Color Analysis and Compliance Special Condition of the permit
has been updated.
2) Section A. (9.) Dioxin Monitoring Special Condition has been updated and the number of the fish
tissue sampling analysis has been reduced.
3) Section A. (12.) Clean Water Act Section 316(a) Thermal Variance has been updated.
4) Section A. (14.) Mixing Zone has been added to the permit.
5) The flow limit has been increased to 34.0 MGD to account for increased water usage resulting from
the installation of two new wet scrubbers on coal fires boilers for boiler MACT compliance and
change in operation of the Riley Bark boiler for SOS control.
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 30
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6) The Color Variance is terminated and a new instream color compliance requirement has been added
to the permit to replace the Color Variance, please see Footnote #16 (Part I Section A. (1.)).
7) Chloroform limits have been recalculated to reflect the current production level (Internal Outfall 002
and Internal Outfall 003).
8) AOX (adsorbable organic halides) limits have been recalculated to reflect the current production
level (Outfall 001). The calculation indicated the need to increase the limits. However, the current
limits were kept to provide an additional protection for the receiving stream.
9) Pentachlorophenol and trichlorophenol limits have been recalculated to reflect the current production
level (Outfall 001). The calculation indicated the need to increase the limits. However, the current
limits were kept to provide an additional protection for the receiving stream.
10) TSS (total suspended solids) limits have been recalculated to reflect the current production level
(Outfall 001). The calculation indicated the need to increase the limits. However, the current limits
were kept to provide an additional protection for the receiving stream.
11) Federal regulations require electronic submittal of all discharge monitoring reports (DMRs) and
program reports. The fmal NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule was adopted and became effective on
December 21, 2015. The requirement to begin reporting discharge monitoring data electronically
using the NC DWR's Electronic Discharge Monitoring Report (eDMR) Internet application has been
added to your fmal NPDES permit. [See Special Condition A. (13.)]
For information on eDMR, registering for eDMR and obtaining an eDMR user account, please visit
the following web page: http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/edmr.
For more information on EPA's fmal NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule please visit the following
web site:
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/10/22/2015-24954/national-pollutant-discharge-
elimination-system-npdes-electronic-reporting-rule
1CHANGES IN THE FINAL PERNIITBOPOSED SCHEDULE FOR PERMIT ISSUANCE
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Ong
State Contact
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If you have any questions on any of the above information or on the attached permit please contact Sergeit \ ` ` Formatted: Heading 4
Chernikov at (919) 71;07 6393.Regional Office Comment
Fact Sheet
NPDES Renewal
Page 31
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Name: Date:
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Name: Date 3606 or
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NPDES Renewal
Page 32

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