20050666 Ver 1_Restoration Plan_20050418

Conceptual Restoration Plan
Seventh Day Adventist Church Site
(Pastor Harding)
Goose Creek, Mecklenburg County
Prepared by
Joe Mickey and Staci Scott
Stream Mitigation Program
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
July 2001

Stream Restoration Plan -Seventh Day Adventist Church Site, Goose Creek, Mecklenburg County
Introduction
Objectives
Existing Conditions
Site Recommendations
_Stream Restoration/enhancement
Riparian Improvements
Livestock Exclusion
Conservation Easement
Erosion Control
Spill Containment
Monitoring
Photo Reference Sites
Cross-sections
Longitudinal Profiles
Pebble Counts
Vegetative Cover
Plant Survival
Conclusion
Appendix 1
Site Map
Site Photos
Appendix 2
Longitudinal Profile
Cross-sections
Pebble Count Data
Reach Parameters
Appendix 3
Plan view of Stream Improvement Structures
Structures (rock weirs, J-hook vanes, log vanes, wing deflectors, boulder clusters)
Typical Bank Profile (showing typical grading, vegetation)
Appendix 4
Vegetation

Introduction
The proposed Goose Creek stream restoration project is located on approximately 8501inear feet of
stream currently owned by the Sharon Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Mecklenburg County. This
document is designed to layout the existing conditions of the project area and presents the conceptual
natural channel design for approval by the landowner.
Eaistin~ Conditions:
Appendix I provides a map and photos of the site. Goose Creek, which flows through Mecklenburg
and Union Counties, is one of the major tributaries to the Rocky River in the Pee Dee River drainage.
Goose Creek supports a variety of habitats for aquatic and wildlife species. The creek contains one of two
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The Carolina Heelsplitter's population in Goose Creek has been reduced primarily as a result of
channelization projects and the general deterioration of water quality resulting from siltation and other
pollutants resulting from urbanization and poor land use management (agriculture). The construction of
the new I-485 corridor and associated secondary urban growth will further degrade water quality and
stream habitat, threatening the remaining mussel populations.
The watershed area of the proposed project site is 2 square miles (1270 a). The town of Mint Hill is
located upstream of the site. Until recently, a significant portion of the watershed has remained in
agricultural lands and secondary growth forest. Land use is quickly being converted from rural to urban
as new business and housing developments expand due to the I-485 corridor. This trend is expected to
continue for many years with the expansion of water and sewer lines to the area.
The stream flows through an alluvial valley (Valley Type VIII) with wide, gentle slopes and well-
developed floodpiains adjacent to river terraces. Soils at the site are Monacan soils (MO). These are
somewhat poorly drained, nearly level soils on floodplains along streams and drainageways. The organic
matter content is low in the surface layer. Permeability is moderate, the available water capacity is high,
the shrink-swell potential is low, and surface runoff is slow. The subsoil is strongly acid to neutral.
Depth to the seasonal water table is only 0.5 to 2 feet in winter and in early spring. Flooding is for brief
periods in late winter and early spring. In Mecklenburg County, most of the acreage for MO soils is used
for crops or pasture. These soils have low potential for all urban uses because of wetness and flooding.
Good uses are for pathways and trails. Approximately 75 to 100 feet on each side of the existing channel
are Cecil sandy clay loam soils (CeB2 and CeD2) found on 2 to 15 percent slopes. These are well drained
red clay or red clay loam soils found on smooth, upland ridges.
At the church site, the stream flows through open bottomland pastures with adjacent wooded slopes.
The longitudinal profile, cross-sections, pebble count data, and reach parameter data are given in
Appendix 2. Barildull was determined using field-identified indicators, primarily a scour line and point
bar height. Banl'cfull indicators were hard to determine due to cattle trampling the stream banks.
Bankfull determination was assisted by North Carolina regional curve information (North Carolina State
University-Stream Restoration Institute). Five cross-sections (stations 1+79, 2+89, 4+00, 8+60, 8+92)
were analyzed to obtain existing stream type and design information (Appendix 2.). The stream's water
surface drops approximately 5.22 feet in 860 feet (slope = 0.0054). At this location the stream is
composed of 49% riflles/nms and 51% pools. For the most part, the riffles are shallow and wide and the
pools long and deep. Due to past channelization, the stream channel has down cut over time, creating
nearly vertical banks and high erosion potential. Channel down cutting and side drainage ditches have
reduced the function of the floodplain and adjacent wetlands. There is bank erosion occurring along most
of the reach (section of stream referred. to throughout this plan) due to cattle trampling, loss of vegetation,
and stream processes trying to reestablish a proper meander pattern. Some in-stream cover exists in the
form of deep pools, undercut banks and debris jams. The stream carries a heavy sediment load due to
eroding stream banks, livestock stream access, upstream development and construction of the I-485
corridor. The combination of these factors provides poor to fair quality habitat for aquatic species.

Stream reach parameters (Appendix 2) are as follows: channel sinuosity, 1. l; channel slope, 0.0054;
valley slope, 0.0054; entrenchment ratio, 6-10.3; and width/depth ratio 8.8-17.9. Visual observations and
pebble count data (Appendix 2) for the reach show that the substrate is primarily sand (D50 = 0.2mm)
while at cross-section 1+79 (riffle) the substrate is medium gravel (D50 = Smm). The D95 substrate class
is 22 mm and 22.6 mm for both the reach and cross-section, respectively. At this location the stream is a
class ES in the upper reaches and class CS in the lower reaches.
At many locations the channel is void of shrub/tree riparian vegetation due to past bank clearing and
livestock grazing. Where shrub/tree vegetation does exist, it is limited to widely spaced trees located
along the top of the bank. Vegetation along the riparian zone consist primarily of multiilora rose (Rosa
null~?ora), si?ky dogwood (Cornus_amomum), ag alder_(Alnus serrulata), black willow (Salix nigra),
black walnut (Juglans nigra), sugar berry (Celtis laevigata), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), green
ash (Frazinus pe~znsylvanica), red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), and sycamore (Plantanus occidentalis).
Project Objectives:
The objectives of the stream restoration project on Goose Creek at the church site are as follows:
1. Do a Priority I restoration to restore proper dimension, pattern and profile on this channelized stream.
This will involve constructing a meandering E/C type channel through the pasture on a new
alignment. The new channel construction will be based on a reference E/C stream channel data from ,~(
an unnamed tributary to Peak Creek in Ashe County, Panther Creek in Lenoir County, and Worley ~ ~V ,,,~~s
Creek in Watauga County. ~,
2. Install rootwads and/or rock vanes or rock weirs where appropriate in the new channel to reduce
future bank erosion and provide long-term bank stability and fish habitat.
3. Exclude livestock from the stream and riparian zone.
4. Reestablish a 20-30 foot wide vegetated riparian zone by planting native trees, shrubs and ground
cover on all disturbed banks and along the new channel to provide long term bank stability; stream
shading, and cover and food for wildlife.
Site Recommendations
Stream Restoration:
Appendix 3 shows the plan view of the proposed Priority I restoration and diagrams of stream
improvement structures. Channel length will be increased from approximately 820 to 980 linear feet and
sinuosity from 1.1 to 1.3. Proposed new channel cross-sections for riffles and pools are shown in
Appendix 2. Utilization of in-stream habitat improvement structures (Appendix 3) will be added during
construction, as needed. Where appropriate, a floodplain bench at the bankfull elevation will be
constructed along the new channel. Above the floodplain bench; banks will be sloped and vegetated.
Earth removed for construction of the new channel will be stockpiled for later filling of the old chamiel.
Once filled, the old channel will be seeded based on the Riparian Improvements section.
New channel construction will be staged. A meander section of new channel will be completed and
water diverted into it before starting the next section. The new channel width/depth ratio and meander
patterns are designed to maximize self-stabilization potential; however, various measures will be required
to stabilize the channel banks in the short term. The new channel will be constructed in the dry and all
stabilization measures will be in place prior to redirecting flow through the constructed channel. During
construction of the new channel, sod mats will be salvaged where practical for later placement along the
new stream banks. Where sod mats are not used, disturbed soils will be seeded and mulched as soon as
practical. The outsides of meanders will be stabilized with rood wads and/or rock vanes while the riffle
areas will contain natural streambed materials and some rock and log vanes to direct flows to the middle
of the channel and for additional fish habitat.

Riparian Improvements:
The riparian zone at this site is in poor to fair shape with mature trees scattered along the stream
reach. In most instances the riparian zone is one tree wide with pasture outside this zone. The current
riparian zone does provide some stream shading in most locations. Numerous trees have been damaged
by livestock or undercut by stream downcutting. At many locations, the rooting depth of the existing
vegetation is not deep enough to provide long-term bank stability. Lack of a dense root mass along the
riparian zone and livestock trampling contributes to bank failure and increased sedimentation.
We propose to improve the riparian zone at this site with a number of practices. "Riparian Seeding
and Planting Guidelines for the NCWRC Mitigation Program" are given in Appendix 4. Streambanks at
selected sites will be sloped to approximately a 2:1 or 3:1 slope.. Bank sloping should reduce
undercutting, improve the ability of vegetation growth to cover the slope and increase the stability of the
bank. This will allow the water to rise along the sloped surface rather than eroding a vertical bank. After
the creek bank has been sloped it will be vegetated with sod mats or covered with erosion control matting.
Disturbed areas will be reseeded with brown top millet or winter wheat/rye and with a native
grass/wildflower seed mix. Woody vegetation, including live stakes and bare root tree stock v~Rll be used in
all areas within the Conservation Easement boundaries. We will also plant short understory growing
native woody species such as alder, silky dogwood, and silky willow along the riparian zone. On the
upper banks we will plant native trees that provide shade, bank stability and cover and food for wildlife.
Woody plantings will be at the rate of 320 per acre (NC Division of Water Quality [DWQ] guidelines)
Livestock Exclusion:
Future church plans for the site include building athletic fields in the current pasture, which would
eliminate livestock grazing. However, if the church wishes to allow Mr. Phillips to graze his cows on
church property, the site will have to be fenced. The success of the stream restoration project depends on
the exclusion of livestock from the riparian zone of the stream. We will work with the Natural Resource
Conservation Service (MRCS) on fencing and alternate watering plans if you wish to continue to graze the
site. The cost of implementing these structures will be covered by our program at this time. However, if
you decide to remove cattle from the site before initiation of this project and at a later date decide to allow
cattle to graze this area (including subsequent landowners), the landowner then becomes financially
responsible for the fencing and alternate watering tanks.
Conservation Easement:
A DWQ and US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) permit condition for landowner participation in the
stream mitigation program requires that the proposed stream restoration and riparian corridor be placed in
a conservation easement (CE). The CE boundary line is determined based on the size of stream, the
amount of land needed for construction and to provide significant width for vegetative cover over the
stream, and the desires of the landowner. Before developing a CE document, we need to be fairly firm on
where the line will be because this line will be surveyed for a description used in the final legal document.
If necessary, fence installation will follow this boundary line. Right-of-access to the easement by WRC
personnel will be stated in the agreement. The easement will be held by the WRC and the agreement will
be between the landowner and the WRC. Specific concerns, such as future road crossings, will need to be
addressed in the CE. There is a one-time payment by the North Carolina Department of Transportation
(DOT) to the landowner for loss of use due restrictions placed on the conservation easement area. The
amount of payment is based on the amount of land within the conservation easement boundaries. This
payment is not a purchase.
CONSTRUCTION AND POST CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS
This section is included as part of the restoration plan to give the landowner and permitting agencies
an overview of construction concerns. It also outlines the post construction 5 year monitoring plan which
is required by DWQ and COE.

Erosion Control
During construction, equipment will only access the stream when absolutely necessary. For this
project, it is anticipated that most of the track hoe work can be accomplished from the top of the bank
All construction materials including rock, root wads, logs, and erosion control materials will be stockpiled
at a central location at the site. To limit disturbance of soils, all equipment will travel along identified
travel corridors.
Disturbance of soils will be limited to only what work can be accomplished and stabilized on a daily
basis. As a structure is completed, the site will be sloped and seeded. Stockpiled soils or disturbed areas
on steep slopes will have erosion control fencing installed as needed. Once the banks are sloped, they will
be hand seeded with a "native all-purpose seed mix" (10 lbs.. per acre) that was prepared for this region
(see attached planting guidelines) and browntop millet or winter wheat/rye grain (1 lb. per 1,000 sq. ft).
The surface of the sloped bank will be covered with sod mats salvaged from the site or with excelsior
erosion control matting. These materials will be anchored in place with stakes and landscape staples. We
will also plant low growing woody species such as tag alder (rooted stock) and silky willow and silky
dogwood as dormant cuttings along the stream banks. Medium to large shrub/tree species will be planted
throughout the CE area where applicable as bare-root materials during the dormant season (Appendix 4).
Spill Containment
All equipment supplied by the contractor must be in good working order and should not be leaking
any fluids that could contaminate the stream or property. In case of an accidental spill of hazardous
materials (hydraulic fluids, gas, oil) two Attack Pac emergency spill kits will be on site during
construction. Any spills of hazardous materials will be cleaned up immediately with contanunated soils
disposed of according to state regulations.
Endangered Species
The Carolina Heelsplitter mussel, located in the lower sections of the Goose Creek drainage, has not
been found at this location. However, if any mussels are discovered during construction, work will be
halted until the mussel is identified. If it is a Carolina. Heelsplitter, a thorough search of the area will be
made. Any mussels found will be moved to an unimpacted section of stream containing similar habitat
where the mussel was found.
Monitoring
Environmental components monitored at this site will be those that allow an evaluation of channel
stability and improvements to fish habitat. Specifically we will evaluate the success of channel
modification, erosion control, shading; seeding, and woody vegetation plantings. Biological monitoring
may be required at the site since it is Priority I restoration. This monitoring plan is based on the WRC
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol for the WRC/DOT Mitigation Program and DWQ Technical Guide
titled "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Protocols for Stream Mitigation Projects" 401 Wetlands
Unit, May 2001.
Photo Reference Sites
Photographs used to evaluate reference sites will be made before, during, and post-construction.
Reference sites should be photographed twice a year for at least 5 years following construction. Reference
photos should be taken in winter and summer at approximately the same date and under sinular weather
conditions. After construction has taken place, reference sites should be permanently marked with stakes,
above the bankfull elevation. Detailed notes and a map describing the location of reference points should
be made.
The stream will be photographed longitudinally beginning at one end of the site and moving to the
other end with photographs taken at delineated locations. Reference photo locations should be marked
and described for future reference. Points should be close enough together to get an over all view of the
reach. The angle of the shot will depend on what angle provides the best view and should be noted and
continued in future shots. Reference points should not be changed unless absolutely necessary. When

reference photos have to be moved the new position should be as close as possible to the old with changes
noted. The new position should be used in all future photos.
Lateral Reference photo transects should be established based on criteria which is described in the
initial monitoring data summary and followed in subsequent data collections. Most often these may be the
reference cross-sections. Permanent photo points should be demarcated using wooden stakes and
duplicated each year. Photographs will be taken of both banks at each transect. The transect line will be
centered in the photographs of the bank. Photographers should make an effort to consistently maintain the
same area in each photo over time. Photos of areas that have been treated differently should also be
included; for example, two different types of erosion control material used. This will allow for future
rlompancprtS. _ __
Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or degradation, bank erosion,
success of riparian vegetation and effectiveness of erosion control measures. Longitudinal photos should
indicate the absences of developing bars within the channel or an excessive increase in channel depth.
Lateral photos should not indicate excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the bank over time. A
series of photos over time should indicate successional maturation of riparian vegetation. Vegetative
succession should include initial herbaceous growth, followed by increasing densities of woody vegetation
and then ultimately a mature overstory with herbaceous understory.
Cross-sections
Permanent cross-sections will be established in minimum of two riffles and two pools. These cross-
sections may be at the same location as those taken to develop construction plans or they may be different.
New cross-sections should be developed to monitor structures or features that may have an increased risk
of failure. Each cross-section should be marked on both banks to establish the exact transect location. A
common benchmark should be used for cross-sections and consistently used to facilitate easy comparison
of year to year data. The annual cross section survey should include points measured at all breaks in
slope, including top-of-bank, bankfull, inner berm, edge of water, and thalwag. Rifle cross-sections
should be classified using the Rosgen stream classification system. Data should be taken at a scale that
allows the evaluation of bank and channel changes. Photos of each cross-section should be made. Data
should be collected once a year for the first 3 years and then again on the Sa'year to evaluate stability of
the bank and channel.
There should be little or no change in as-built cross-sections. If changes do take place they should be
evaluated to determine if they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (down-cutting,
erosion) or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability (settling, vegetative changes,
deposition along the banks, decrease in width/depth ratio). Unstable conditions that require remediation
will indicate failure of restoration activities.
Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile will be developed for each site prior to construction. This profile will be
duplicated on the 15L 3ra and Silt years after construction for data comparison. The beginning and end of
each profile should be well demarcated and the length should be at least 20 bankfizll widths.
The as-built longitudinal profile should show that the bedform features are remaining stable, e.g. they
are not aggrading or degrading. The pools should remain deep with flat-water surface slopes and the
riffles should remain steep and shallow. There should be little change in the as-built longitudinal profile.
Unstable conditions that require remediation will indicate failure of restoration activities.
Pebble Counts
Two types of pebble counts should be collected in each reach including 100 counts reach wide
stratified by the percentage of riffles and pools and 100 counts from each permanent cross section. The
Wolman pebble count procedure will be used. Plots will be made showing the cumulative frequency curve
and histogram for each cross-section and reach wide. The pebble counts should be completed at the same

time as the cross-sections and longitudinal surveys. The pebble count data should show a coarsening of
the entire frequency distribution in the reach and a coarsening of the pools over time.
Vegetative Cover
One objective of the mitigation program is to increase the quantity of shade, through vegetative cover
of the stream. This will be accomplished by planting herbaceous and woody vegetation along the riparian
zone. As this vegetation grows and matures the stream should become more and more shaded. As
vegetation matures, the air temperature along the stream corridor should become more stable and water
temperatures should not rise in the affected reach. Because the river is wide and most of the reach is
already shaded we will not evaluate light penetration over time or water temperatures as done on some on
other 421 mitigation projects. It is expected that. this project will not have a major impact on stream
temperature or light penetration.
Plant Survival
Where bare root tree stock or live stakes are planted, survival of vegetation will be evaluated using
survival plots or direct counts. Coverage by the cover crop will be evaluated at regular intervals the first 2
months following construction. Seeded areas will be subjectively evaluated using photographs of at least 4
survival plots. Plots will be 1 meter square and photos will be taken at least twice a year, in winter and
summer. Survival of live stakes will be evaluated using at least 3 plots. Plot size should allow for
evaluating at least a total of 100 live stakes. Evaluations of live stake survival will continue for at least 3
years before success or failure is assessed. All bare root trees will be enumerated and flagged Trees will
be examined twice a year in winter and spring. Survival will be determined during the second summer
after planting.
When seeded vegetation does not show satisfactory germination and plant density, plans will be made
to either sow more seed, fertilize the site or both. Successful growth of seeded vegetation will be based on
75% coverage in photos of survival plots. Success of live stake plantings will require an 80% survival
rate; based on sample plots. Success of bare root trees will require an 80% survival rate, based on
examination of all planted trees. An attempt will be made to replace all dead bare root trees. The goal is
to have 320 trees per acre inside the CE boundary.
Conclusion
Past disturbances have negatively impacted aquatic and riparian habitat along Goose Creek. Through
stream restoration techniques, riparian corridor enhancement and livestock exclusion the stream can be
improved to resemble a more natural stream environment. Water quality will be improved through
reduced sedimentation, aquatic habitat will be improved for fish and other organisms, and wildlife habitat
will be improved along the riparian corridor.

Appendix 1
Site Map
Site Photo s

Church Property: Goose Cr.,
Mecklenburg Co. ,
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0.4 0 0.4 0.8 Miles
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Church Site S
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Goose Creek Site, Seventh Day Adventist Church Property, Mecklenburg County, NC
Goose Creek floodprone area
and site of new channel.
Existing channel is located
under line of trees in
background.
Livestock access to stream
is a major source of
sediment.
Eroding bank, upper end of site.
Major livestock crossing.
Eroding bank, lower end of site.
Stable and unstable section of
Goose Creek on church
property.

~~pendix Z
Longitudinal Profile
Cross-sections
Pebble Count Data
Stream Leach Data

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Stream Reach Data
Stream Name: Goose Creek
' Basin Name: YADKIN Drainage AREA: 1270 Ac.
Location: Sharon Seventh-Day Adventist Chruch Property
Observers: J. Mickey, M. Martinez, S. Scott
X-Section X-section Design Reference
Stn.1+79 Stn. 8+60 Reach Date: 7/20/01
2 Mlz

Regional
Curve data
Bankfull WIDTH (VVb,~}: 24.9 19 16-20 11 18
Mean DEPTH (Db~):
-_ 1.4 1.10 >1.5 1.4 2
Bankfull X-sectional AREA (Abp): 33.8 20.3 30-36 15 31-35
Width /Depth RAT{O (V11~~Idb~}: 18.3 17.9 8-16 8
Maximum DEPTH (dmb~): 2.4 2.10 2.8 2.4
WIDTH of Flood-Prone Area (Wrp~: 150 150 100-150 >100
Entrenchment Ratio (ER): 6 7.9 >6 10
Channel Materials D50: 5.2 5 1.8
Water Surface SLOPE {S): 0.0054 0.005 0.005
Channel SINUOSITY (l~: 1.1 1.10 1.3 - 1.5 1.6
STREAM TYPE: C5 C5 E5/C5 E5
Note, stream type varies along the proposed restoration site from an E5 to C5.
Classification was difficult due to past channelization and tramping of stream banks by cattle,
File name: Stream Data Form.xls, Zip disk

Appendix 3
Plan view of Design Channel
In-stream Channel Structures
(rock weirs, rock vanes, root wads)
Typical Bank Profile

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Rock Weir showing plan, profile, and cross section views
PLAN VIEW
CROSS-SECTION VIEW

J-HOOK STRUCTURE showing plan, profile, and cross sectign views
CROSS-SECTION VIEW

ROCK VANE STRUCTURE showing plan, profile, and cross Section
VIEW

TYPES OF WING DEFLECTORS
ogle Wing Deflect
otwad (rootwad may
present)
;'
____ ;-
PLAN VIEW

Wing Deflectors showing profile and cross section views
PROFILE VIEW
CROSS-SECTION VIEW

ROOT WAD STRUCTURE showing plan and cross section views
~~
PLAN VIEW
CROSS-SECTION VIEW

Appendix 4
Vegetation

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 10/27/00
Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
For NCWRC Mitigation Program
~~..
,:
~~
,~
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation at
NCWRC mitigation sites. They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement,
temporary seeding, permanent seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats,
live stakes, and trees will also be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
..Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull elevation down
to the normal water line or onto the interherm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
track-hoe bucket
Seed
Seedbed Preparation:.On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has
caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix lime and
fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
according to soil test or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
.~,; Lime ~ 1001bs. 2ton
~'- 18-46-00lrertilizer* 121bs. ~001bs..
. ~ *(haif of fertilizer will be applied in fail at planting and other half in sp'rir~)
Seedirig:. ..
Temporary seeding -Use where needed for eros3tin control; when permi~nerst vegetation
cannot be.established due to planting season and where teirnporary'ground coyer i:s`_needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the follt~wing iri'getation at the
listed rates. ~ ~ ..

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft i0/27/00
Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Japanese Millet 1/i ib. 20 lbs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 40 lbs.
Summer Seeding
_ _ _ _ __ - _ _ _ Per 1400 sq: ft. _ Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Browntop Millet l lb. 40 Ibs. __
Permanent Seeding -Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
the riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done evenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed with no
more than 1/Z inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should be covered by
hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Nllix (as described on the attached sheet)
1/41b. per 1000 sq. ft. and i01bs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting. The area 6.5 feet above the bankfull elevation should be stabilized using
either a coir fiber mat or coirlstraw blanket. A 4 ft. wide jute blanket should be installed up-
slope of the 6.5 ft. strip. AlI of these materials should be installed and stapled according to the
attached diagram and instruction. Staples should be installed on a 2 ft. spacing.
Woody Vegetation
Live stakes (unrooted material
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
conunercial supplier. Stakes should be ;/z to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. $.
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and sluubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
2

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft
loiz~~oo
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material -Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
- _.
__
__grovcnng:
Potted stock -Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock -Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
p Y~ g p y ole.
com letel includin and es eciall at the bottom of the
..
_ ....
,, .
'... Guidefirses fv~`.i~Fai~icng.8ar~ftoaf ~~a~ts
~R' S.i;:~y',a"2C.~.z~-~ v:r'=.~~!5:2ti ~ Via;., ' ~ ~`'
? s, ~ ~ ---' ~ ~
~ir8"+3'7b' a..~.GX~''J'.) ~ few fcT""~k^ ~ ~~ ^"~ - i 1 .~
7 '~
~. ~ civ-c'aM-~~ L.~~21"'~i`J~' ~irfv"~Y_ky, ~. ~O.Z: ~1
Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation -the following guidelines should be used for spacing
rooted woody vegetation.
_ Type spacing # per 1000 sa. ft.
Sluubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27 - 111
Shrub s and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees eater than 25 ft. in hei ht 8 - i 5 ft. 4 -15

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft
Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix"
Common Name Botanical Name
5.00% Sen.setive Fem Onoclea sensibillis
2.50% Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistuiosa
2.50% Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata
2.50% Eastern Gamagrass Tripascum dactyloides
5.00% Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
5.00% 1~iop_Sedge_ _Carex lupilina
10.00% Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides
2.50% Soft Rush Juncos effusus
2.50% Softstem Bulrush Sciipus validus
2.50% Three Square Spikerush Scirpu.s americanus
10.00% Va Wild rye Elymus virginicus
10.00% Woolgrass Scopus cypemus
2.50% Deertongue Panicum clandestinum
5.00% Button Bush Cephalanthus occidentalis
5.00% Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
2.50% Red Chokeberry Aroma arbutifolia
5.00% Sillry Dogwood Comus ainomuin
2.50% Winterberry Ilex verticillata
10/27/00
2.50% Biack Gum Nyssa sylvatica
2.50% Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
2.50% Red Maple Acer rubnun
2.50% Pin Oak Quercus palustris
2.50% ViWild Biack Cherry Prunus serotana
2 50% Silver Maple Acer saccharium
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. it was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called `Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting native
plants for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental
Research Center and Clean Water initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information
becomes available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian species
native to Western North Carolina. as possible.
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at nutigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. it is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. in order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 10/27/00

~ Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland. pH wildlife region
val.
1 American Pillwori Pilularia americans Reg sun obli 0-7 birds all
1 Cinnamon Fem Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg io reg Pari to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds all
1 Netted Chain Fem Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli less birds all
1 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas 1A reg Pari to shade obli 0-7 birds, sm all
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Irreg io reg ail face 0-7 birds all
2 American Lotus _ _ Neiumbo lutes _ reg to perm sun obug v" 7 'rir u'S, SPvi -ail
2 American Pondweed Potamogeton nodosus perm sun oblig 7 birds,SM aI1
2 Arrowhead Sagiitaria latifolia seas-perm sun to shade oblig all B, Sm all
2 Broad-leaf Cattail Typha iatifoiia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis irreg-seas sun fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Hollow Joe-pye-weed Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus irreg-seas sun face 0-7 birds all
2 Narrow-leaf Cattail Typha angustifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata seas perm sun--part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Spotted Touch-me-not Impatieus capensis irreg-seas part.sh fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Milkweed Asclepius incarnata irreg-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Rose Mallow Hibiscus moscheutos seas-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
Z Virginia Blueflag Iris virginica seas perm sun oblig 0-7 birds all
2 Water Plantain Aiisma subcordatum seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Waterwillow Justicia americans reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Szn all
2 White Waierlily Nymphaea odorata reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Yellow Cowlily Nuphar luteum reg-perm sun part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
3 Creeping Spikerush Eieocharis palustris seas perm sun--part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovi seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Hop Sedge Carea:lupulina ~ seas-reg sun-part. oblig. 4-7 B,Sm all
3 Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides reg-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Cane Arundinaria gigantea irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B; Sm all
3 Slender Spikerush Eleocharis acicularis seas perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Sofi Rush Juncos effusus seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus seas perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Square-stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadranguIata seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Three-square Bulrush Scirpus americanus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Virginia Wildrye Eiymus virginicus irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B;Sm,Lm all
3 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
Bluet Houstonia serpyllifoiia
4 Bushy St. 3ohnswori Hypericum densiflonun irreg-seas sun-pari fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-pem~ sun~art oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg para.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanihorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg pari fac up1 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alms semilata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg pact fac upl all B,Sm ail
5 Carolina Willow Salta: caroliniana seas-reg sun pari oblig 0-7 B;Sm;Lm ail
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia inreg-seas sun-para. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lru all
5 Silky Dogwood Corms amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac vet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salta: sericea irreg-reg sun-pari. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5

Seeding and Plantimg Guidelines Draft 10/27/00
5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin irreg-seas pari.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm
` 5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens irreg pari fac vvet acid B,Lm
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbieuse
6 American Hornbeam
6 Eastern Hornbeam
7 Baldcypress
7 Black Walnut
7 Black WiIlow
7 Blackgurn
7 Boxelder
7 Eastern Corionwood
7 Green Ash
7 Honeylocust
7 Persimmon
7 Red Maple
7 Red Mulbert}~
7 River Birch
7 Silver Maple
7 Sweetgum
7 Sycamore
7 American Basswood
7 Eastern Hemlock
all
all
F,H,Li
Carpinus caroliniana irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm all
Osfrya virginiana irreg pari-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
Taxodium distichum all scut -part oblig 0-7 birds all
Juglans nigra irreg sun -pari fac upl 0-7 Sm all
Salia nigra _. seas peim sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm aii
Nyssa sylvatica irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
Acer negundo irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
Populus deltoides irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
Fraxinus pennsylvanica ureg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
Gieditsia triacanthos irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
Diospyros virginiana irreg-seas sun -part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
Acer rubnun irreg-reg all obit-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
Mores rubs irreg-seas pari -shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
Betula nigra itreg -seas sue fac wet 0-7 birds all
Acer saccharinum irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
Liquidambar styraciflua irreg -reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
Piatanus occidentalis irreg -seas sun -part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
Tilia americans irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
Tsu~a canadensis -
Plant Typ e
Fern or fern allies 1
Em; float, or weft herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
6