20060907 Ver 1_401 Application_20060506

Office Use Only: Form Version May 2002
20060907
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
x^ 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (verify availability with NCWRP prior to submittal of PCN), complete
section VIII and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information

1. Owner/Applicant Information N1AY ;i U [UUb
Name: Jay Edward Kelly
Mailing Address: 239 Pine Lake Ridge WFTLANt)~ AP~NI CTnuutw~ER HRAAIf'hl
RnhhinGVille~ NC 28771-0239
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Michael Wiggins
Company Affiliation: NAa?rnzAr. RFS(XJR('F: CONSERVATION SERVICE
Mailing Address: POB 286.
Robbinsville, NC 28771-0286
Telephone Number: [phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address: [e-mail]
Page 5 of 12

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: JAY KELLY STREANIBANfC STABILIZATION
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County:
~~ Nearest Town: Robbinsville
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.)
From Anhhi nevi 1 l o talrc ufeiV 1 d'~ t0„-1,ynf tlG1T3 Wl~ll 28 '1'llY'Il Rig11t nn ~WY'" ~ ..
n
the left side of road. Property o Kelly is on the left.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long): 035 24 45.41 N 083 43 3.41 W
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Property size (acres): .5 acres
7. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean lake): Tuskeegee Creek
8. River Basin: LITTLE TENNESSEE
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/adinin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Conditions of the site an unstable streambank Land
surrounding is all agricu ure. Pas ure an ay an
Page 6 of 12

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Structures will be built as shown in plan. This should solve erosion problems
„ -~ ~- ~ ~~ * r~n~~ A trackhoe will be used but primarily hand
labor will be used in construction.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Improve water quality, bank stability,
riparian zone, and aquatic habitat by reucing erosion.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
N/A
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 7 of 12

1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts:
The stream will be stabilized using design approved by MRCS engineer
2. Individually list wetland impacts below:
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(es/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but aze not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, fill,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Yeaz floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps aze available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at http://www.fema.gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater mazsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.) Indicate if wetland is isolated (determination of isolation to be made by USACE only).
List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: none
Total area of wetland impact proposed: none
3. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts below:
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
-Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Im act Perennial or
Intermittent?
(leases ecif )

* List each impact sepazately and identify temporazy impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (sepazately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include lineaz feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the lineaz footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online at
www•.usgs.gov. Several Internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.mapquest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: 105 ft
Page 8 of 12

4. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.) below:
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres)
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
ba ,ocean, etc.)

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
5. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.):
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
Drn; cnt ~.~; i i hcnAf; Est ah; 1 i mat i can and allow for vegetation to be established
__The inaacts of this ~~ect will only enhance the overall stream condition.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
Page 9 of 12

USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide. html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
~A
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCWRP at
[phone] to determine availability and to request written approval of mitigation prior
to submittal of a PCN. For additional information regarding the application process for the
NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of
the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide the
following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Page 10 of 12

IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state) funds or the use of public
(federal/state) land?
Yes ® No ^
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ^ No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ^ No [~
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 1 SA NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ^ No [~ If you answered "yes", provide the following information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact
(s uare feet) Multiplier Required
Miti ation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
~` Gone 1 extends out sU Teet perpendicular from near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 12

If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
N/A
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
PTA
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ^ No X^
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
N~A

~., Ap~cant/Agent's Sign~ture /r Date
(Agent's signature is valid only i an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12

.~ ~) ~
UNITED STATES Natural Resources 589 Raccoon Road, Suite 249 ~) ~~ r,j ,~
DEPARTMENT OF Conservation Waynesville, N.C. 28786 ` t7 ~
AGRICULTURE Service Ph. 828-45G-G341 Fax [phone]
Subject: ENG Approved Plans and Specifications Date: January I9, 2006
Jay Kelly Streambank Stabilization Site
To: Jason Wheatley, District Conservationist File Code: 210
Robbinsville Field Office
Robbinsville, North Carolina
This letter transmits the final approved construction plans and construction specifications for the
Streambank Stabilization on Tuskeegee Creek to be constructed at the Jay Kelly Site in Graham County,
North Carolina.
The design of the Streambank stabilization component of this plan was performed by the azea engineering
staff here in Waynesville. These plans and specifications have been approved by the NRCS Area 1
Engineering Staff as meeting the minimum requirements of the NC Field Office Technical Guide.
Additional components of this plan (such as fencing and critical area treatment) should be approved by
persons on the Field Office staff who have appropriate conservation practice approval authority for those
components.
If you have questions concerning these plans please let me know.

Ron Morris
Area 1 Assn. SWCD
cc: Howard C. Tew, Supervisory Civil Engineer
Q~~~ae~~
MAY 3 0 2006
L~ENR - WATER QUALITY
-NETLANDS AND STORM-pA7~ QRANCH

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
PILING -LUMBER REVETMENT
1. SCOPE
The work shall consist of the construction of Piling -Lumber Revetments
(Revetment) with associated backfill, and herbaceous and woody vegetation
establishment as required by the drawings and specif cations. The Revetment should
not be constructed higher than 3 feet without an engineering analysis to determine
sizes of the structural members. The Revetment shall NOT be constructed to a height
which exceeds Bankfull. Tiebacks shall be installed every 50 feet along the length of
the Revetment. For Revetments less than 50 feet in length, a minimum of one tieback
shall be installed at approximately the center of the length of the Revetment.
2. DEFII~IITIONS
Bankfull - A point on the streambank which corresponds to the depth of water flow
for the smallest storm event which forms and maintains the channel. Bankfull may be
at or BELOW the top of the streambank.
Panel - a section of Revetment or Tieback consisting of two stakes (one at each end)
with lumber attached to both sides of each stake at alternating heights. Lumber shall
be installed such that the bottom is level with the top of the board on the opposite side
of the stake.
Tiebacks -are constructed in the same manner as the panels. They are installed
perpendicular to the Revetment and shall extend to at least one panel length into
existing bank material.
3. MATERIALS
Stakes shall be a minimum of 4" at the smallest end and twice as long as the exposed
length {design height) shown on the drawings. Stakes shall be installed at a spacing
of 5'-5" on center (o.c). Stakes shall be of Locust or other species of similar
deterioration resistance, durability, and strength. Any species other than Locust must
be approved by the engineer prior to use.
Lumber shall be a minimum of 2" thick by 6" wide by 6' long- full sawn, rough
lumber is preferred. Lumber shall be of Locust or other species of similar
deterioration resistance, durability, and strength. Any species other than Locust must
be approved by the engineer prior to use.
Fasteners shall be vinyl cement coated 20d common. If lumber is not "green", holes
for fasteners must be pre-drilled.
Fill materials shall be obtained from required excavations and designated borrow
areas. The selection, blending, routing and disposition of materials in the various fills
shall be subject to approval by the Engineer.
Herbaceous ve etation shall of seed materials as described in the Items of Work,
sown on the flood-prone bench and all disturbed areas within the flood plain.
NC-Area 1 1 1/06

Woody vegetation shall consist of live, dormant cuttings (installed through the lumber
fence) and rooted plants (planted on the flood-prone bench and at the edge of the
flood plain). Species shall be as indicated in Section 6.
4. FOUNDATION PREPARATION
Foundations for the Revetments shall be prepared by removing any vegetation, large
rocks and other unsuitable materials which would interfere with construction of the
revetment as shown in the design drawings or shall be excavated and/or shaped as
specified.
5. CONSTRUCTION
The first and last panels of the revetment shall be constructed so that at least one third
of the length of the panel is buried into the existing stream bank.
Stakes shall be driven into the streambed at a location which will provide the bankfull
width as shown on the drawings. Stakes shall be driven to one-half their length or to
refusal. If refusal is less than one-half the length of the stake, the engineer must
approve the installation of the stakes prior to continuing with the construction of the
Revetments. Methods of installation other than driving must be approved by the
engineer.
Lumber shall be attached to the stake at or below the expected scour depth of the
streambed. Boards shall be attached to stream side and the bank side of the stakes in
an alternating pattern (see figure 1).
Backfill shall be placed only after the engineer has approved the construction of the
Revetment. Care should be taken during the backfill operation not to displace,
misalign, break or otherwise damage the Revetment.
Woody Ve etg~atian
Cuttin s shall be pushed into the fill material through the openings in between
the horizontal lumber members of the Revetment. This will require that the
cuttings be installed on an angle, with the portion of the cutting which will
remain exposed on the stream side of the Revetment being higher than the
portion which is placed within the backfill material. The length to the cutting
should be such that it will extend completely through the backfill material into
existing streambank material. A rod (rebar or similar) may be used to form a
planting hole before installing the cutting. The rod should be slightly smaller
than the diameter of the cutting so that good cutting/soil contact will be
established when the cutting is installed. Cuttings shall only be installed
during the spring. Cuttings should be collected and installed while the host
plant is still dormant, but just before budding is expected.
Rooted Plants shall be planted on top of the flood prone bench (the level
bench which is formed by the backfill material from the top of the Revetment
to the existing streambank) and along the top of the existing streambank.
NC-Area 1 2 1/06

Figure 1
6. ITEMS OF WORK AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the
construction details therefore are:
1. Construct Revetment structure(s) at the location(s) as shown on the drawings or as
directed by the engineer.
a . Three separate Revetments will be required. Each Revetment will be
approximately 5 panels long.
b . Plant herbaceous vegetation and rooted plants immediately after construction.
c . Plant cuttings at the first appropriate season after construction.
2. Live, dormant stakes shall be a combination of Silky Willows and Silky Dogwood.
Rooted plants shall be of the same species as listed above with the addition of Tag
Alder.
NC-Area 1 3 1/06

Seeding and Planting Guidelines
Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
01/11/06
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation.
They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement, temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats, live stakes, and trees will also
be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull elevation down
to the normal water line or onto the interberm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
track-hoe bucket
Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to
provide a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately
following construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy
equipment has caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix lime and
fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
according to soil test or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 1001bs. 2 ton
18-46-00 Fertilizer* 121bs. SOO lbs.
*(half of fertilizer will be applied in fall at planting and other half in spring)
Seeding:
Temporary seeding -Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent vegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetation at the
listed rates.

Seeding and Planting Guidelines 01/11/06
Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Japanese Millet '/2 lb. 201bs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 40 lbs.
Summer Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 401bs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 401bs.
Permanent Seeding -Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
the riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done evenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed with no
more than'/2 inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should be covered by
hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
'/4 lb. per 1000 sq. ft. and 10 lbs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting.
Woody Vesetation
Live stakes (uprooted material)
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be 'h to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft.
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
2

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Ol/] 1/06
Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material -Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock -Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock -Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation -the following guidelines should be used for spacing
Guidelines for Planting Bare-Root Plant
Wt~e kra~x~xrting rte, tl•x; rKxxs ~mi, r~rxt c~.~lai
I~'!l•? :Si.!(1.•,~',~, IC^S~i~y' ;.~?{kL'v~(9 1~~' ~PE~'1~cBk'1. tt ('f6CXX~^~.Yt(,
rart~~Ei tK~ tc; ~~P, •I!'~fri ref t9~ rrttt vy,~an 7r rT stn 3de-
t'~lk'It~ tl(~lC',fr;Y ~'.`48t~rK,~, t1S(; o K~;~ t~ ;X~I'tN ~.
7 ~ a tY$H C3:~) f:'~t ~ SC1 ~t3E? tot)~.i' rtartt7lr! u'(I c"Y~C' ~tl;
anti ;~r~r' out. ~ trr~ai~.t~, p~a~ fEMl~~t~x ~^ EFe~ ~.
~2 aFi G"N~;iF~£?fiNc`147 u'~ th4 ~:,
3 ~.;icx_~ tY~E? at txrttcxt, a'x'1 t~;~ wit;";
C'lit~e t~ o~ SYX:vE~ u'? dirt atx.'n,~:
rcx3t <X>~t: .
4 tv1, sort>, tt~ te~a'itc ~ ~r~t
anti !_~.~Il.t~ ~!
rooted woody vegetation.
i l
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Tune spacing # per 1000 sq. ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27 - 111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees s3reater than 25 ft. in hei>?ht 8 - 15 ft. 4 -15
Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix"
3

Seeding and Planting Guidelines
Botanical Name Common Name % of Mix Lbs.

Acer rubrum Red Maple 2.5 0.25
Acer saccharium Silver Maple 2.5 0.25
Alisma subcordatum Water Plantain 2.5 0.25
Amnia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry 2.5 0.25
Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed 2.5 0.25
Carex lupilina Hop Sedge 5 0.5
Cephalanthus occidentalis Button Bush 7.5 0.75
Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood 5 0.5
Elymus virginicus Va. Wild Rye 10 1
Eupatorium fistulosa Joe Pye Weed 2.5 0.25
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash 2.5 0.25
ilex verticillata Winterberry 2.5 0.25
Juncus effusus Soft Rush 2.5 0.25
Leersia oryzoides Rice Cut Grass 10 1
Lindera benzoin Spicebush 2.5 0.25
Nyssa sylvatica Black Gum 2.5 0.25
Onoclea sensibillis Sensitive Fern 5 0.5
Pontederia cordata Pickerelweed 2.5 0.25
Sagittaria latifolia Arrowhead 2.5 025
Sambucus canadensis Elderberry 5 0.5
Scirpus americanus 3 Square Bulrush 2.5 0.25
Scirpus atrovirens Green Bulrush 5 0.5
Scirpus cypemus Woolgrass 10 1
Scirpus validus Softstem Bulrush 2.5 0.25
Mix Seeding Rate (lbs./ac.) ] 0
O1/1 1/06
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. It was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called "Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting native plants
for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental Research
Center and Clean Water Initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information becomes
available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian species native to
Western North Carolina as possible.
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. in order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4

Seeding and Planting Guidelines 01/11/06
Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland pH wildlife
val.
1 American Pillwort Pilularia americana Reg sun obli 0-7 birds
1 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds
] Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli less birds
1 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas to reg Part to shade obli 0-7 birds, sm
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibi]is Irreg to reg all facu 0-7 birds
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
American Lotus
American Pondweed
Arrowhead
Broad-leaf Cattail
Cardinal Flower
Hollow Joe-pye-weed
Narrow-leaf Cattail
Pickerelweed.
Spotted Touch-me-not
Swamp Milkweed
Swamp Rose Mallow
Virginia Blueflag
Water Plantain
Waterwillow
White Waterlily
Yellow Cowlily
Nelumbo lutea
Potamogeton nodosus
Sagittaria latifolia
Typha latifolia
Lobelia cardinalis
Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus
Typha angustifolia
Pontederia cordata
Impatiens capensis
Asclepias incarnata
Hibiscus moscheutos
Iris virginica
Alisma subcordatum
Justicia americana
Nymphaea odorata
Nuphar luteum
reg to perm sun
Penn sun
seas-perm sun to shade
seas-perm sun
irreg-seas sun
irreg-seas sun
seas-perm sun
seas-peen sun-part.sh
irreg-seas part.sh
irreg-reg sun-part.sh
seas-reg sun-part.sh
seas-perm sun
seas-perm sun
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
reg-perm sun-part.sh
region
all
all
all
all
all
obiig 0-7 birds,SM all
obiig 7 birds,SM all
obiig all B, Sm all
obiig all B, Sm all
fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
facu 0-7 birds all
obiig all B, Sm all
obiig 0-~ B, Sm all
fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 birds all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
obiig 0-7 B, Sm all
3 Creeping Spikerush Eleocharis palustris seas-perm sun-part. obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovi seas-reg sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Hop Sedge Carex lupulina seas-reg sun-part. obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides reg-perm sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Cane Arundinaria gigantea irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Slender Spikerush Eleocharis acicularis seas-perm sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Soft Rush Juncus effusus seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus seas-perm sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Square-stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadrangulata seas-peen sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Three-square Bulrush Scirpus americanus seas-perm sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Virginia Wildrye Elymus virginicus irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
3 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus seas-reg sun obiig. 0-7 B,Sm all
Bluet Houstonia serpyllifolia
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part obiig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroiiniana seas-reg sun-part. obiig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Cornus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. obiig 0-7 B;Sm,Lm all

Seeding and Planting Guidelines Oi/l 1/06
5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F,H,Lt
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense
6 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm all
6 Eastern Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana in•eg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
7 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum all sun -part oblig 0-7 birds all
7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra irreg sun -part fac upl 0-7 Sm all
7 Black Willow Salix nigra seas perm sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Blackgurn Nyssa sylvatica irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Boxelder Acer negundo irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
7 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica ineg-reg ail fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
~ Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana irreg-seas sun -part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Red Maple Acer rubrum irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
7 Red Mulberry Morus rubra irreg-seas part -shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
7 River Birch Betula nigra irreg -seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum ir, eg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
7 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua irreg -reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
7 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis irreg -seas sun -part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
7 American Basswood Tilia americana irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
7 Eastern Hemlock TSUQa canadensis
Plant Typ e
Fern or fern allies 1
Em, float, or wetl herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
6

Streamside Woody Vegetation Establishment
This work consist of securing and planting permanent woody vegetation using rooted stock, unrooted stock and
on site transplants.
Care and Handling
Planting stock should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot stock shall be kept
moist during planting operations. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all times. The root balls of
transplanted stock must be kept moist.
Site Preparation
Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored. On recently graded sites use
temporary seedings, anchored mulch or erosion control fabrics to provide surface protection until woody
vegetation becomes established. Sod maybe killed by non-selective herbicides the year previous to planting
stock (follow all federal, state and local regulations in the use of herbicides). When hand planting; scalp an area
at least 3 feet in diameter and 2-4 inches deep. Place plant in the center of the scalped area. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely and there are concerns about potential erosion use anon-selective herbicide
to kill vegetation in a 36 inch wide circle or 36, inch wide strip and plant in the center of the killed vegetation. If
the site is a row crop site, reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. Sites
with undesirable brush will need initial treatments to facilitate planting and follow-up treatments to prevent
reencroachment.
Planting
Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally growing. Plant rooted stock in a vertical
position with the root collar approximately''/z inch below the soil surface. The planting trench or hole must be
deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting. Insert dormant cuttings
to the depth required to reach adequate soil moisture, leaving 2 to 3 buds above ground. After planting pack soil
around each plant firmly to remove air pockets.
Plant List
Plant Types/
Mature Height
Shrubs, less than 10
Feet in height
Shrubs and trees from
10 to 25 feet in height
Trees greater than 25
Feet in height
Plant to Plant Spacing Plant List
# Per Acre
#Per 1000 Sq. Ft.
3 to 6 feet *Buttonbush, *#`Bankers' Dwarf Willow
1210-4840 *Elderberry, Highbush Blueberry,
28-i 10 Hazelnut
6 to 8 feet Alder, Deciduous Holly, Crabapple,
680-1742 Red Chokeberry, *Silky Dogwood,
15-28 *Silky Willow, Spicebush,
*#`Streamco' Willow, Serviceberry,
Washington Hawthorne, Witch Hazel
8 to 12 feet Black Cherry, *Black Willow,
302-680 Green Ash, Red Maple, River Birch
7-15 Sycamore, Yellow Poplar, Black Walnut
Persimmon
NOTES: * =Plants suitable for use as dormant cuttings, space cuttings 1.5-2.5 feet apart, 160-
445 cuttings per 1000 sq. ft. or 6970-19360 cuttings per acre;
# = Non-native plants; Plants listed in bold have wildlife value

Q
MAY 3 ~ 2006
UENR - WAi ER :~~AL,TY
WVETLANDS AND STQRFAWP,TEFt BRANCH
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