SW3211202_Soils/Geotechnical Report_20220223

USDA United States
A product of the National
Custom Soil Resource
Department of
Agriculture
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
Report for
N ���States
Department of
Agriculture and other
Union County,
Federal agencies, State
Natural
Resources
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
North Carolina
Conservation
Stations, and local
Service
participants
Old Pageland LOD
Iwo
November 17, 2021

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https:Hoffices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................
2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
SoilMap..................................................................................................................
8
SoilMap................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
MapUnit Legend................................................................................................
11
MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Union County, North Carolina.........................................................................
13
BaB—Badin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...............................
13
ChA—Chewacla silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..........
14
CmB—Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes..................................15
GsB—Goldston-Badin complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...............................
16
Soil Information for All Uses...............................................................................19
Soil Properties and Qualities..............................................................................
19
Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................19
HydrologicSoil Group.................................................................................
19
WaterFeatures...............................................................................................
23
Depth to Water Table...................................................................................23
References............................................................................................................
28

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil

Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Custom Soil Resource Report
m
Soil Map
m
546950 547030 547110 547190 547270 547350
34° 57' 18" N
J
GsB
Soil MaN may not he val1, at this scale.
34° 56' 56" N
IRE"
546950 547030 547110 547190 547270
m
N Map Scale: 1:3,270 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
$ Meters N
0 45 90 180 270
Feet
0 150 300 E00 900
Map projection: Web Mercator Comer coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM 7_a3e 17N WGS84
9
547350
a
547430
Ir 34° 57' 18" N
■
34° 56' S6" N
547430
m
a

MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
0
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special
Point Features
Iwo
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
�i
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
A.
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
oa
Sodic Spot
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP INFORMATION
Spoil Area
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Wet Spot
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
Other
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
�-
Special Line Features
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
Water Features
scale.
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
E F
Rails
measurements.
. 0
Interstate Highways
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
US Routes
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Major Roads
Local Roads
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
Background
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Aerial Photography
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Union County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 21, Sep 15, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jul 18, 2011—Nov
25, 2017
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
10

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
BaB
Badin channery silt loam, 2 to 8
percent slopes
12.2
40.6%
ChA
Chewacla silt loam, 0 to 2
percent slopes, frequently
flooded
0.0
0.1 %
CmB
Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5
percent slopes
6.7
22.3%
GsB
Goldston-Badin complex, 2 to 8
percent slopes
11.1
37.0%
Totals for Area of Interest
29.9
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Union County, North Carolina
BaB—Badin channery silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2t80y
Elevation: 300 to 1,100 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 43 to 49 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F
Frost -free period: 215 to 245 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Badin and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Badin
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from metasedimentary rock and/or
metavolcanics
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 inches: channery silt loam
Bt - 6 to 35 inches: silty clay
Cr - 35 to 43 inches: bedrock
R - 43 to 53 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 24 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 40 to 59 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Tatum
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Goldston
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
ChA—Chewacla silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3wOp
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Chewacla and similar soils: 87 percent
Minor components: 13 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Chewacla
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A - 0 to 4 inches: silt loam
Bwl - 4 to 26 inches: silty clay loam
Bw2 - 26 to 38 inches: loam
Bw3 - 38 to 60 inches: clay loam
C - 60 to 80 inches: loam
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: NoneFrequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 11.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Congaree
Percent of map unit. 8 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Wehadkee, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
CmB—Cid channery silt loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3wOq
Elevation: 200 to 650 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Cid and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Cid
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from metavolcanics and/or residuum
weathered from argillite
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loam
Bt - 9 to 22 inches: silty clay loam
BC - 22 to 27 inches: channery silty clay
Cr - 27 to 32 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 32 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 12 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
GsB—Goldston-Badin complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol. 3wl1
Elevation: 200 to 650 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Goldston and similar soils: 45 percent
Badin and similar soils: 40 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
it.

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Goldston
Setting
Landform: Imerfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from metavolcanics and/or argillite
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: very channery silt loam
Bw- 5 to 16 inches: very channery silt loam
Cr - 16 to 27 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 27 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Very low (about 1.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Badin
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from metavolcanics and/or argillite
Typical profile
A - 0 to 7 inches: channery silt loam
Bt - 7 to 28 inches: silty clay
Cr - 28 to 41 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 41 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 4 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 40 to 80 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
17

Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
18

Soil Information for All Uses
Soil Properties and Qualities
The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and
qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in
the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated
by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This
aggregation process is defined for each property or quality.
Soil Qualities and Features
Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly
measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil
properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil
features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features
include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the
use and management of the soil.
Hydrologic Soil Group
Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are
assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the
soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation
from long -duration storms.
The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and
three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These
consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained
soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils
have a moderate rate of water transmission.
19

Custom Soil Resource Report
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or
soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink -swell
potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at
or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.
These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.
If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is
for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their
natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes.
20

m
m
546950 547030
34° 57' 18" N
E
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map —Hydrologic Soil Group
547110 547190 547270
� Soil MaN may not he valiel at this scale.
34° 56' 56" N
546950 547030 547110 547190 547270
m
N Map Scale: 1:3,270 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
$ Meters N
0 45 90 180 270
Feet
0 150 300 E00 900
Map projection: Web Mercator Comer coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
21
547350
a
547430
Ir 34° 57' 18" N
■
547350 5474W
m
a
34° 56' 56" N

MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating
Polygons
0
A
0
A/D
0
B
0
B/D
0
C
0
C/o
0
D
0
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating
Lines
N .
A
r .
A/D
N 0
B
r 0
B/D
.
C
C/o
r
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating
Points
❑
A
❑
A/D
0
B
0
B/D
Custom Soil Resource Report
C
C/o
0 D
❑ Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
i-" Rails
­0 Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
MAP INFORMATION
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Union County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 21, Sep 15, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jul 18, 2011—Nov
25, 2017
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
22

Custom Soil Resource Report
Table —Hydrologic Soil Group
Map unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
BaB
Badin channery silt loam,
2 to 8 percent slopes
C
12.2
40.6%
ChA
Chewacla silt loam, 0 to
2 percent slopes,
frequently flooded
B/D
0.0
0.1 %
CmB
Cid channery silt loam, 1
to 5 percent slopes
D
6.7
22.3%
GsB
Goldston-Badin complex,
2 to 8 percent slopes
D
11.1
37.0%
Totals for Area of Interest
29.9
100.0%
Rating Options —Hydrologic Soil Group
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff. None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Higher
Water Features
Water Features include ponding frequency, flooding frequency, and depth to water
table.
Depth to Water Table
"Water table" refers to a saturated zone in the soil. It occurs during specified
months. Estimates of the upper limit are based mainly on observations of the water
table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely grayish colors
(redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a
month is not considered a water table.
This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low
value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A
"representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the
component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used.
23

m
m
546950
34° 57' 18" N
I
u�
34° 56' 56" N
546950 547030 547110 547190 547270
m
N Map Scale: 1:3,270 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
$ Meters N
0 45 90 180 270
Feet
0 150 300 E00 900
Map projection: Web Mercator Comer coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
24
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map —Depth to Water Table
547030 547110 547190 547270
547350
547350
a
547430
34° 57' 18" N
u�
34° 56' 56" N
547430
m
a

MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating
Polygons
0
0-25
0
25-50
0
50 - 100
0
100 - 150
0
150 - 200
0
> 200
0
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating
Lines
~
0-25
r 0
25-50
Custom Soil Resource Report
❑ Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
i--1-+ Rails
­0 Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
MAP INFORMATION
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
.
50 - 100
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
.
100 -150
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
.
150 - 200
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
> 200
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
A 0
Not rated or not available
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Rating
Points
0 - 25
Soil Survey Area: Union County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 21, Sep 15, 2021
25-50
❑
50 - 100
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
100 - 150
❑
150 -200
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jul 18, 2011—Nov
25, 2017
> 200
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
25

Custom Soil Resource Report
Table —Depth to Water Table
Map unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating (centimeters)
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
BaB
Badin channery silt loam,
2 to 8 percent slopes
>200
12.2
40.6%
ChA
Chewacla silt loam, 0 to
2 percent slopes,
frequently flooded
38
0.0
0.1 %
CmB
Cid channery silt loam, 1
to 5 percent slopes
61
6.7
22.3%
GsB
Goldston-Badin complex,
2 to 8 percent slopes
>200
11.1
37.0%
Totals for Area of Interest
29.9
100.0%
W

Custom Soil Resource Report
Rating Options —Depth to Water Table
Units of Measure: centimeters
Aggregation Method: Dominant Component
Component Percent Cutoff.- None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Lower
Interpret Nulls as Zero: No
Beginning Month: January
Ending Month: December
27

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/n ati o n a I/s o i Is/?cid = n res 142 p2_0 54262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepastu re/?cid=stelprdb1043084
28

Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/so i Is/scie ntists/?cid=n res 142 p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid = n res 142 p2_05 3624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:H
www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290. pdf
29