20180665 Ver 1_Year 2 Monitoring Report_2021_20220207

ID#* 20180665
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Erin Davis
Initial Review Completed Date 02/07/2022
Mitigation Project Submittal - 2/7/2022
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Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
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Contact Name:*
Harry Tsomides
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ID#:* 20180665
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Project Type: • DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Alexander Farm
County: Alexander
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Mitigation Monitoring Report
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MONITORING YEAR 2
ANNUAL REPORT
Final
ALEXANDER FARM MITIGATION SITE
Alexander County, NC
DEQ Contract No. 7416
DMS Project No. 100048
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2018-00451
NCDEQ DWR Certification No. 18-0665
RFP #: 16-007277
Catawba River Basin
HUC 03050101
Data Collection Period: January 2021— November 2021
Final Submission Date: February 1, 2022
PREPARED FOR:
Mk
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652

WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
February 01, 2022
Mr. HarryTsomides
Project Manager
NCDEQ— Division of Mitigation Services
5 Ravenscroft Dr., Suite 102
Asheville, NC 28801
RE: Draft Year 2 Monitoring Report
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site, Alexander County
Yadkin River CU 03040101
DMS Project ID No. 100022 / DEQ Contract #007186
Dear Mr. Tsomides:
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) has reviewed the Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) comments
from the Draft Year 2 Monitoring Report for the Alexander Farm Mitigation Site. The report has been
updated to reflect those comments. The Final MY2 Report is included. DMS' comments are listed below
in bold. Wildlands' responses to DMS' comments are noted in italics. Comments received via email on
January 4, 2022 are also included.
DMS' comment: Please mention the recently submitted adaptive management planting plan in the
executive summary.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has added text about the submitted adaptive management planting plan
in the executive summary.
DMS' comment: The February 2021 Adaptive Management Plan that was implemented for planting was
noted in the write up and included as an Appendix, but it is not indicated whether or not the planting
itself met the plan specifics (quantities, species, locations, etc). Please confirm the plan was followed,
or note any deviations to species, quantities etc. if they occurred.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands notes that the February 2021 Adaptive Management Planting Plan was
followed and that there were no deviations from the plan.
DMS' comment: There appears to be re -stating and internal redundancy when discussing the 2021
AMP planting in the last paragraph of Sec. 1.2.1 and first paragraph of 1.2.2, please review and revise
as necessary.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has revised these paragraphs by condensing them into one paragraph and
removing redundant text.
DMS' comment: Please include the winter 2022 planting maps in Appendix 7, and the email
transmittal, to go along with the table; When discussing the wet areas intended to be supplementally
planted in Winter 2022 (sec. 1.2.3), please reference Appendix 7.
Wildlan ds' response: Wildlands has included the proposed planting list, the email correspondence, and the
maps showing the supplemental planting areas in Appendix 7. The supplemental planting areas are
depicted in a bright green outline and/or a pink diagonal hatch.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
DMS' comment: Please keep an eye on some fescue -dense floodplain areas along Reaches 1a/1b/2,
and address as appropriate.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will keep an eye on these areas this spring and schedule ring sprays if
necessary. Wildlands may also spray and reseed in patches to break up some of the larger fescue areas.
Currently the bareroots in these areas are performing well.
DMS' comment: There is a crushed section of fencing (fallen branch) at the top of LIT1 near the
crossing, on the cattle pasture side of the creek. Please follow up with the landowner and/or farmer
and include any appropriate discussion in the report.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has already resolved this issue. There was only a little damage done to the
fence itself, so we were able to remove the fallen branch and repair the fencing without issue.
DMS' comment: In looking at the signage and easement marking there were a few things I noted that
may be an issue over time, or closer to close out; please respond to my email transmittal discussing
some of these long-term items.
Email Correspondence received on January 4. 2022 in reference to a DMS site walk.
DMS' comment: Some of the signage is doubled -up (see photos sent via email); why are there
double signs on most easement corners? It looked like maybe the wrong sign was initially
installed. If there were misplaced signs, ideally the bad ones should be removed, if the top
one falls off then there will be inaccurate signage on the project.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will remove any incorrect signage posted along the conservation
easement.
DMS' comment: Strongly recommend not using aluminum nails on signage in the future,
especially on treated wood posts; the aluminum nails used on the signage is already starting
to rust. Recommend tacking down the left and right corners on signs that are prone to cattle
rubbing, there are a few that are getting bent up by passing cattle.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will conduct the noted signage maintenance as needed.
DMS' comment: Wildlands notes that LIT1 Reach 4A there is 110 LF of aggradation, and that remedial
actions will be implemented if areas of concern threaten the stability of the project. What kind of
remedial action would Wildlands conduct to rectify an overly aggraded section of channel, and when?
Wildlands' response: Though the area of aggradation has remained consistent in size throughout MY1
and MY2 and doesn't' seem to be negatively affecting channel stability. If this condition changes,
Wildlands will implement a remedial action plan that would likely consist of aggradation removal using
hand tools and re -live staking the streambank as needed.
DMS' comment: There is a "bankfull" line on the CCPVs (thick dashed line), it is recommended
removing this unless it serves a specific monitoring function on the maps.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has removed the "bankfull" line from the CCPVs.
DMS' comment: What is meant by "alignment deviation" on the CCPVs? Does this mean there has
been significant lateral migration of the channel? If there is an issue with this it should be identified
appropriately and discussed in the report in addition to being mapped.
Wildlands' response: There is no issue with the channel in this area. The alignment deviation that is shown
on the CCPV maps represents the as -built channel alignment and how it differs from the design alignment.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, INC 28203

WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
DMS' comment: Following MY1, some areas of erosion were noted by DMS along the enhancement
reach along UT1 reach 2. Thank you for including the photos as requested. You have indicated that
herbaceous vegetation has colonized and beginning to stabilize these areas and that repairs are not
necessary at this time. Please continue to assess this reach; it would help to see some reach photos
during the winter as well as summer.
Wildlands' response: Thank you. Wildlands will continue to monitor these areas and will take
representative photos during the winter or early spring of 2022.
DMS' comment: Wildlands did not record a single bankfull event in 2021 using the automated
pressure transducer (called "crest gage" in the report). It is unusual that a bankfull event did not
occur, in a normal -ranged rain year (March, July and August all had >4 in. rainfall), and Wildlands
reports that there were multiple relatively high flow events. The monitoring components table
indicates that "Crest gages and/or transducers will be inspected and downloaded quarterly or semi-
annually. Evidence of bankfull events such as rack lines or floodplain deposition will be documented
with a photo when possible. Transducers, if used, will be set to record stage once every three hours.".
1) Were the transducers fully functional and set to record every three hours? 2) Did Wildlands
attempt to find any floodplain indicators of bankfull on the project? In the future, visual indicators
might be noted with photos provided in the report. Please note that the credit release associated with
the bankfull standard will not occur until the MP -approved credit release schedule bankfull standard
is met (see approved mitigation plan credit release schedule for details).
Wildlands' response: 1) Yes, the one transducer on site (CG1) is fully functional and is set to record every 2
hours. 2) Though odd, Wildlands noted that many of our sites failed to generate a bankfull event this past
year. Wildlands did not detect that the cause was a malfunctioning pressure transducer, and no floodplain
indicators were noted during MY2. In future reports, visual indicators of bankfull will be included in the
monitoring reports. Wildlands acknowledges that the credit release associated with the bankfull standard
will not occur until the MP -approved credit release schedule bankfull standard is met.
Digital Support File Comments:
DMS' comment: Note that in Table 5, the column for UT1 Reach 1B says "warm".
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has fixed and updated the column for UT1 Reach 18 in Table 5 for the
MY2 Final report.
DMS' comment: Please update Table 5 to state that there are 8 mobile vegetation plots.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has updated Table 5 to reflect that there are 8 mobile vegetation plots.
DMS' comment: The submitted CVS mdb does not generate Table 7 or simple exports that match
Table 10a. Please review the mdb and ensure the data it contains supports the table included in the
report.
Wildlands' response: The "All Stem Plot" worksheet on the CVS Simple Table export is counting the dead
stems; however, Table 10 in the report does not include dead stems. The CVS mdb included in the final
electronic report files has been reviewed to ensure that the Table 7 export matches Table 10.
DMS' comment: Please submit a feature that characterizes the area(s) where supplemental planting
occurred.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has included with the electronic submittal the shapefiles that
characterize the area(s) where supplemental planting occurred.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

k P
WILDLANDS
E N G I N E E R I N G
As requested, Wildlands has included two (2) hard copies of the final report, a full final .pdf copy of the
report with the response letter inserted after the cover page, and a full final electronic submittal of the
support files. A copy of our response letter has been included inside the front cover of each report's
hard copy, as well. Please let me know if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
'4�,-&Os
Kristi Suggs
Senior Environmental Scientist
[e-mail]
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

PREPARED BY:
wk*
WILDLANDS
E N G INFER I N G
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
1430 South Mint Street, Suite 104
Charlotte, NC 28203
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) implemented a full -delivery stream mitigation project at the
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site (Site) for the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(DEQ) Division of Mitigation Services (DIMS). The project restored, enhanced, and preserved a total of
6,722 linear feet (LF) of perennial stream in Alexander County, NC. The Site is located within the DIMS
targeted local watershed (TWL) for the Catawba River Basin HUC 03050101 and the NC Division of
Water Resources (DWR) Subbasin 03-08-32. The project is providing 4,258.100 stream mitigation
units (SMUs) for the Catawba River Basin Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03050101130010 (Catawba
01).
The Site's immediate drainage area as well as the surrounding watershed has a long history of
agricultural activity. Stream and wetland functional stressors for the Site were related to both
historic and current land use practices. Major stream stressors for the Site included channel incision
and widening, a lack of stabilizing riparian vegetation, a lack of bedform diversity and aquatic
habitat, and agricultural related impacts such as channel manipulation or straightening and
concentrated run-off inputs from agricultural fields. The effects of these stressors resulted in
channel instability, loss of floodplain connection, degraded water quality, and the loss of both
aquatic and riparian habitat throughout the Site's watershed when compared to reference
conditions. The project approach for the Site focused on evaluating the Site's existing functional
condition and evaluating its potential for recovery and need for intervention.
The project goals defined in the Mitigation Plan (Wildlands, 2019) were established with careful
consideration of 2009 Upper Catawba River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) goals and
objectives to address stressors identified in the watershed through the implementation of stream
restoration and enhancement activities and wetland re-establishment and rehabilitation activities,
as well as riparian buffer re -vegetation. The established project goals include:
• Improve stream channel stability,
• Reconnect channels with historic floodplains,
• Improve in -stream habitat,
• Reduce sediment and nutrient inputs from adjacent farm fields,
• Restore and enhance native floodplain and wetland vegetation,
• Exclude livestock, and
• Permanently protect the project site from harmful uses.
The Site construction and as -built surveys were completed April - May 2020. Planting and baseline
vegetation data collection occurred in April 2020. Fencing installation was completed in July 2020. MY2
assessments and Site visits were completed between January and November 2021 to assess the
conditions of the project.
Overall, the Site is on track to meet the required stream, hydrology, and vegetative success criteria for
MY3. The supplemental planting plan that was implemented in early 2021 has increased the overall
average planted stem density for the Site from 304 stems in MY1 to 386 stems per acre in MY2. The Site
is now on track to meet the vegetative success criteria for MY3, MYS, and MY7; however, there are
approximately 2.1 acres within the easement that will need to be supplementally planted with more
wetland tolerant species. Areas of loosely populated Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinese) were
documented within the existing wooded areas along UT1 Reach 1A and the upstream portion of UT1
Reach 113. A few isolated, mature stems of princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa) and tree of heaven
(Ailanthus altissima) were also noted within the easement. Geomorphic surveys indicate that cross-
section bankfull dimensions closely match the baseline monitoring with some minor adjustments, and
streams are functioning as intended. In MY2, no bankfull events were documented on UT1 Reach 1A.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL

The MY2 visual assessment noted a few isolated areas of aggradation; however, the areas of bank scour
noted in MY1 on UT1 Reach 2 have stabilized due to an increase in the establishment of bank
vegetation. Wildlands will continue to monitor these areas throughout the seven-year monitoring
period to benefit the ecological health of the Site.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL iii

ALEXANDER FARM MITIGATION SITE
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives
1-1
1.2 Monitoring Year 2 Data Assessment...................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Vegetation Assessment..............................................................................................1-2
1.2.2 Approved Adaptive Management Plan.......................................................................1-3
1.2.3 Vegetation Areas of Concern......................................................................................1-3
1.2.4 Stream Assessment....................................................................................................1-4
1.2.5 Stream Hydrology Assessment...................................................................................1-5
1.2.6 Stream Areas of Concern and Management Activity...................................................1-5
1.2.7 Wetland Assessment..................................................................................................1-5
1.3 Monitoring Year 2 Summary..............................................................................................1-5
Section 2: METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................2-1
Section 3: REFERENCES...................................................................................................................3-1
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 General Figures and Tables
Figure 1
Project Vicinity Map
Figure 2
Project Component/Asset Map
Table 1
Mitigation Assets and Components
Table 2
Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3
Project Contact Table
Table 4
Project Information and Attributes
Table 5
Monitoring Component Summary
Appendix 2
Visual Assessment Data
Figure 3.0 — 3.3
Current Condition Plan View
Table 6a-d
Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Table 7
Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Stream Photographs
Permanent and Mobile Vegetation Plot Photographs
Area of Concern Photographs
Groundwater Gage Photographs
Appendix 3 Vegetation Plot Data
Table 8 Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment
Table 9 CVS Permanent Vegetation Plot Metadata
Table 10a-b Planted and Total Stem Counts
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL iv

APPENDICES Cont.
Appendix 4 Morphological Summary Data and Plots
Table 11a Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 11b Reference Reach Data Summary
Table 12 Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters - Cross -Section)
Table 13a-d Monitoring Data — Stream Reach Data Summary
Cross -Section Plots
Reachwide Pebble Count Plots
Appendix 5 Hydrology Summary Data and Plots
Table 14 Verification of Bankfull Events
Recorded Bankfull Events
Groundwater Gage Plots
Monthly Rainfall Data
Appendix 6 Approved Adaptive Management Plan
IRT Review Comments: 15-Day Record Drawing Review
Wildlands' Response to IRT AMP Comments
Appendix 7 MY2 Supplemental Planting
Alexander Farm Supplemental Planting Areas (MY2)
Supplemental Planting Email Correspondence with NC IRT
Supplemental Planting Maps
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Current Condition Plan View (CCPV)
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Division of Mitigation Services (DMS)
Division of Water Resources (DWR)
Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)
Interagency Review Team (IRT)
Monitoring Year (MY)
National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS)
Stream Mitigation Unit (SMU)
Targeted Local Watershed (TLW)
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Unnamed Tributary (UT)
Catawba River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP)
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL

Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Alexander Farm Mitigation Site (Site) is located in Alexander County approximately 6 miles west of
Statesville and 15 miles northeast of Hickory (Figure 1). The Site is located within the Elk Shoals Creek
targeted local watershed (TLW) Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03050101130010 and is being submitted for
mitigation credit in the Upper Catawba River Basin 03050101. Located in the Northern Inner Piedmont
belt within the Piedmont physiographic province (NCGS, 1985), the project watershed is dominated by
agricultural and forested land.
The Site contains two unnamed tributaries, UT1 and UT1A, and eighteen riparian wetlands;
however, no credit is being sought for project wetlands. For this project UT1 was broken into six
reaches (Reach 1A, Reach 113, Reach 2, Reach 3, Reach 4A, and Reach 413). The project Site is
bisected by Elk Shoals Church Loop Road between Reach 2 and Reach 3.
The overall Site topography consists of a gradually sloped valley running through the center of the
project. Upstream of Elk Shoals Church Loop Road, the Site is characterized by a moderate slope.
UT1 Reach 1 originates within the Site limits at a spring head and flows downslope through a
moderately confined valley surrounded by open pasture. Approximately 600 feet downstream of
the headwaters, the valley widens and continues downstream as a broad gently sloping floodplain
to Elk Shoals Church Loop Road. Downstream of the road crossing, UT1 continues flowing south
within a broad gently sloping floodplain to its confluence with UT1A from the left floodplain, where
it originates as a wetland seep. At the confluence, UT1A and joins UT1 and continues south to its
confluence with to Elk Shoals Creek within a broad alluvial floodplain. The site drains
approximately 256 acres of rural land.
Prior to construction activities, the streams throughout the Site were in various stages of impairment
related to the current and historical agricultural uses. UT1 Reaches 1 and 2 were severely impacted by
cattle. On both reaches bedform diversity and habitat was very poor, primarily due to sedimentation
and incision. UT1 Reach 3 was wooded and the majority of the reach consisted of low, stable stream
banks with a few scour pockets located near ATV crossings. UT1 Reach 4 was extensively eroded,
incised, and disconnected from its historic floodplain. Pre -construction conditions are outlined in Table 4
of Appendix 1 and Table 6 of Appendix 2.
The final mitigation plan was submitted and accepted by DIMS in June of 2019 and the IRT in October of
2019. Construction activities were completed in April 2020 by Baker Grading & Landscaping Inc. Turner
Mapping and Surveying completed the as -built survey in May 2020. Planting was completed following
construction in April 2020 by Bruton Natural Systems, Inc. A conservation easement has been recorded
and is in place on 21.7 acres. The project is providing 4,258.100 stream mitigation units (SMUs) for the
Catawba River Basin Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03050101130010 (Catawba 01). Annual monitoring will
be conducted for seven years with close-out anticipated to commence in 2027 given the success criteria
are met.
Directions and a map of the Site are provided in Figure 1 and project components are illustrated for the
Site in Figure 2.
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives
The Site is providing numerous ecological benefits within the Upper Catawba Basin. The project goals
were established with careful consideration to address stressors that were identified in the 2009 Upper
Catawba River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) report. The project has improved stream functions
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-1

through stream restoration and the conversion of maintained agricultural fields into riparian buffer
within the Upper Catawba River Basin, while creating a functional riparian corridor at the Site.
The following project specific goals and objectives outlined in the Mitigation Plan (Wildlands, 2019)
include:
Goals
Objectives
Restore stream channels that will maintain a stable pattern and
profile considering the hydrologic and sediment inputs to the
Improve stream channel stability.
system, the landscape setting, and the watershed conditions.
Create stable tie-ins for tributaries joining restored channels. Add
bank revetments and in -stream structures to protect restored
streams.
Reconnect channels with historic
Reconstruct stream channels with bankfull dimensions relative to
floodplains.
the floodplain.
Install habitat features such as constructed riffles, cover logs, and
Improve instream habitat.
brush toes into restored streams. Add woody materials to
channel beds. Construct pools of varying depth.
Reduce sediment and fecal coliform and
Construct a step pool stormwater conveyance system to slow
nutrient input from adjacent farm fields.
and treat runoff from farm field before entering Site streams.
Restore and enhance native floodplain and
Plant native tree and understory species in riparian zone where
wetland vegetation.
currently insufficient. Remove invasive species within the
riparian corridor.
Exclude livestock from stream channels.
Exclude livestock from stream channels and riparian areas.
Permanently protect the project site from
Establish a conservation easement on the Site.
harmful uses.
1.2 Monitoring Year 2 Data Assessment
Annual monitoring for MY2 was conducted between January and November to assess the condition of
the project. The stream, vegetation, and hydrologic success criteria for the Site follows the approved
success criteria presented in the Alexander Farm Mitigation Plan (Wildlands, 2019).
1.2.1 Vegetation Assessment
Vegetation plot monitoring is being conducted in post -construction monitoring years 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7.
Permanent plots are monitored in accordance with the guidelines and procedures developed by the
Carolina Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2008) and the 2016 USACE Stream and
Wetland Mitigation Guidance to assess the vegetation success. A total of 9 permanent vegetation plots
were established within the project easement area using either a 10-meter by 10-meter square plot or a
5-meter by 20-meter rectangular plot. In addition, 3 mobile vegetation plots were relocated in MY2
throughout the planted conservation easement, as described in the Site's Baseline Conditions Report
(Wildlands, 2020). To evaluate the random vegetation performance for the Site, mobile plots will
continue to be reestablished in different random locations in monitoring years 3, 5, and 7. Mobile
vegetation plot assessments will document stems, species, and height using 100-meter2 circular, square,
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-2

or rectangular plots. The final vegetative performance standard will be the survival of 210 planted stems
per acre in the planted riparian areas at the end of the required seven-year monitoring period. The
interim measure of vegetative success for the Site will be the survival of at least 320 planted stems per
acre at the end of MY3 and at least 260 stems per acre at the end of MYS.
The MY2 vegetation survey was completed in November 2021, resulting in a total average planted
density of 386 stems per acre for all monitored permanent and mobile vegetation plots. This year's
results, indicate that the supplemental planting that occurred in early 2021 has been successful in
getting the project on track to meet future success criteria. The Site's average stem density currently
exceeds the interim MY3 requirement of 320 planted stems per acre. Out of the 9 permanent vegetation
plots, seven are on track to meet the interim MY3 requirement with densities ranging from 324 to 607
planted stems per acre. The two permanent plots that did not meet the MY3 planted stem densities
were VP7 and VP9 with an average of 121 and 243, respectively.
Due to low planted stem densities recorded in MY1, an Adaptive Management Plan (AMP) was approved
by the IRT in March 2021 for supplemental plantings within the low -density areas. As part of the
monitoring requirements approved in the AMP, 5 additional mobile vegetation plots (MP4 - MP8) were
installed for a total of 8 mobile plots. Currently, 5 of the 8 mobile vegetation plots are on track to meet
the interim MY3 requirement of 320 planted stems per acre, with stem densities ranging from 400 to
688 stems per acre. Densities for the mobile plots that did not meet MY3 requirements ranged from 40
to 229 stems per acre. In both the permanent and mobile vegetation plots, the majority of the surviving
stems appear to be thriving with a vigor of 3 or greater. Please refer to Section 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 for
additional discussion of the MY2 vegetative areas of concern and the approved AMP. Appendix 2 for
vegetation plot photographs, and Appendix 3 for vegetation data tables.
1.2.2 Approved Adaptive Management Plan
To address areas of low stem density that were recorded in MY1, an Adaptive Management Plan (AMP)
was prepared and approved by the IRT on March 12, 2021. Supplemental planting occurred on March
23, 2021 and consisted of approximately 10 acres at a stem density of 500 stems per acre, as depicted
on Figures 1.1— 1.3 included in Appendix 6. As part of this plan's implementation, the IRT requested
that additional mobile plots, and an additional year of monitoring, be implemented to monitor stem
survival in the supplementally planted areas. In addition, the IRT also requested an extra mobile plot be
installed to document stem densities within the existing wetlands. In response to this request,
Wildlands added one mobile plot for monitoring existing wetlands (MP4) and four mobile plots (MP5 —
MP8) to monitor the areas outlined in the AMP. Wildlands will also conduct an extra year of monitoring
for the supplementally planted areas outlined in the AMP during MY6. If the data collected in these
areas suggest that vegetative performance is not on a trajectory for success, an additional year of
monitoring may be required in MY8. See Appendix 6 for a copy of the AMP.
1.2.3 Vegetation Areas of Concern
In general, the Site has responded well to supplemental planting and vegetation is establishing
throughout the easement. However, in a small portion of the easement, areas of low planted stem
density and invasive species continue to persist in MY2. These areas are discussed below in further
detail.
Vegetative Cover
Overall, herbaceous ground cover is now well established throughout the Site and stabilizing the soil.
After implementing the AMP in early 2021, observations during Site visits in MY2 identified that most of
the areas outlined in the AMP for supplemental planting are doing very well with high survival rates, and
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-3

the Site's low stem density areas have decreased considerably from MY1 to MY2. Though low stem
density areas are much smaller in size, there are still a few vegetative areas of concern (AOC) as
described below.
Two of these areas of concern, located along the left floodplain of UT413 from Station 152+00 - 157+10
and 163+75 - 166+66, continue to struggle and are trending much wetter than anticipated, relative to
existing conditions. The other area of concern is located within some of the existing wetlands. Though
these wetlands' planted stem densities are less than optimal their overall densities are generally
sufficient when volunteers are included. Therefore, the supplementally planted wetlands are not
included in Table 7 and are represented as wetland planting areas on Figures 3.1 and 3.2 rather than low
stem density.
In order to improve planted stem densities within these areas described, wetland species will be
planted, as needed, during the winter of 2022. Out of ten of the proposed species, three were included
in the approved Mitigation Plan. Wildlands is requesting the inclusion of the other seven species to
increase diversity and tolerance of the wetter than expected conditions. See Appendix 7 for the
proposed planting lists, NIC IRT approval email, and for the proposed planting locations.
Invasive Species
MY2 visual assessments indicated approximately 0.40 acres of loosely populated Chinese privet
(Ligustrum sinese) within some of the existing wooded areas along UT1 Reach 1A and the upstream
portion of UT1 Reach 113. In addition, a few isolated, mature stems of princess tree (Paulownia
tomentosa) and tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) were noted with the easement. Wildlands'
Stewardship Team is currently working on the removal of all of these invasives from the conservation
easement and will continue to monitor these areas for resprouts throughout the seven-year monitoring
period.
See Table 7 and Figures 3.0 — 3.3 in Appendix 2 for acreages and locations, respectively.
1.2.4 Stream Assessment
Riffle cross -sections on the restoration reaches should be stable and show little change in bankfull area,
maximum depth ratio, and width -to -depth ratio. All riffle cross -sections should fall within the
parameters defined for the designated stream type. If any changes do occur, these changes will be
evaluated to assess whether the stream channel is showing signs of instability. Indicators of instability
include a vertically incising thalweg and/or eroding channel banks. Remedial action would not be taken
if channel changes indicate a movement toward stability.
Morphological surveys for MY2 were conducted in July 2021. Cross-section survey results indicate that
channel dimensions are stable and functioning as designed on all restoration reaches with minimal
adjustments. Minor changes occurring within some cross -sections include slight decreases in cross -
sectional areas and mean depths. These changes can be attributed to the establishment of vegetation
along the tops of banks, point bar development, and in -stream bench development.
These occurrences are normal for newly restored streams and are examples of how a channel adjusts to
maintain stability from natural processes. The fact that cross -sections have incurred only minor
adjustments shows that the system is functioning as designed. It is able to move sediment through the
system and access its floodplain thereby negating aggradational and degradational stressors such as an
influx of sediment to the system and higher discharges and increased velocities.
Reachwide pebble counts along all restoration reaches indicate maintenance of coarser materials in
riffle features and finer particles in the pool features. Please refer to Appendix 2 for the visual stability
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-4

assessment tables, CCPV Figures 3.0 — 3.3, and stream photographs, and Appendix 4 for the
morphological tables and plots.
1.2.5 Stream Hydrology Assessment
An automated pressure transducer was installed to document stream hydrology throughout the seven-
year monitoring period. Henceforth, these devices are referred to as "crest gages (CG)" for those
recording bankfull events. At the end of the seven-year monitoring period, four or more bankfull flow
events must have occurred in separate years. Though there were multiple relatively high flow events
during MY2, no bankfull events were recorded. Please refer to Appendix 5 for hydrology summary data,
gage plots, and monthly rainfall totals for 2021.
1.2.6 Stream Areas of Concern and Management Activity
All streams on the Site are remaining stable. The three areas of concern that were recorded in MY1 have
stabilized with streambank vegetation and are no longer an issue. During the MY2 visual stream
assessment a couple minor areas of concern were noted along UT1 Reach 1A and UT1 Reach 4A. On UT1
Reach 1A, station 140+00, there are a couple small areas of piping under the angled log sills within the
riffle. On UT1 Reach 4A there is approximately 110 LF of aggradation from station 138+75 to 139+85. It
is anticipated that the channel will continue to move the sediment through the system, and it will no
longer be an issue. Wildlands will continue to monitor these areas and remedial actions will be
implemented if areas of concern begin to threaten the stability of the project. Please refer to Appendix 2
for stream stability tables, area of concern photos, and CCPV Figures 3.0 — 3.3.
1.2.7 Wetland Assessment
During baseline monitoring, two In -situ Level TROLL® 100 pressure transducers, hereby referenced as
ground water monitoring gages (GWGs), were installed within existing wetlands where Priority 1
restoration was conducted. This was done solely to verify the continuation of hydrologic wetland
functions during the growing season, since no wetland credits are being sought for this project and no
performance criteria have been established.
All GWGs are downloaded on a quarterly basis and maintained as needed. Calibration was completed by
manually measuring water levels on all gages which confirmed the downloaded data. The NRCS Climate
Analysis for Wetlands Tables (WETS) does not list a defined growing season for Alexander County due to
insufficient data; therefore, the nearest WETS Station is Statesville 2 NNE (USDA, 2020) in Iredell County
which is approximately 13.5 miles from the project site was used. The growing season based on data
compiled from this WETS Station (1980 — 2020) is from April 4 through November 2 under typical
precipitation conditions. The Site does not contain a rainfall gage; therefore, the daily precipitation data
was collected from closest USGS gage, 354616081085145, located at Oxford IRS NR in Claremont, NC.
Results from both GWGs, during MY2, show that riparian wetlands maintained free groundwater within
12 inches of the ground surface for 47 consecutive days or 22.1% of the growing season for GWG1 and
the entire growing season, 213 consecutive days, for GWG2. Photos of the ground water gages exhibit
additional wetland indicators such as hydrophytic vegetation and saturated soils.
Please refer to Appendix 2 for the groundwater gage locations on Figures 3.0-3.3, and the groundwater
gage photographs. Please refer to Appendix 5 for groundwater hydrology data and plots.
1.3 Monitoring Year 2 Summary
Overall, the Site is performing well. The average planted stem density for the Site is 386 stems per acre
and is currently on track to meet the MY3 requirement of 320 stems per acre. As previously mentioned,
vegetative success rates have greatly improved throughout most of the Site in MY2 with help from
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-5

supplemental planting in early 2021. Most of the Site is on track to meet the MY3, MY5 and MY7
vegetative requirements; however, there are approximately 2.1 acres within the easement that will
need to be supplementally planted with more wetland tolerant species. Areas of loosely populated
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinese) were documented within the existing wooded areas along UT1 Reach
1A and the upstream portion of UT1 Reach 113. A few isolated, mature stems of princess tree
(Paulownia tomentosa) and tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) were also noted. Geomorphic surveys
indicate that cross-section bankfull dimensions closely match baseline monitoring with some minor
adjustments, and the streams are functioning as intended. At least one bankfull event was documented
on Site since the completion of construction; however, no bankfull events were documented in the
current monitoring year. The MY2 visual assessment found that erosional areas of concern noted in MY1
are now well vegetated, stable, and are no longer of issue. Wildlands will continue to monitor the Site,
and additional adaptive maintenance will be implemented, as necessary throughout the seven-year
monitoring period to benefit the ecological health of the Site.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 1-6

Section 2: METHODOLOGY
Geomorphic data were collected following the standards outlined in The Stream Channel Reference Site:
An Illustrated Guide to Field Techniques (Harrelson et al., 1994) and in the Stream Restoration: A Natural
Channel Design Handbook (Doll et al., 2003). All Integrated Current Condition Mapping was recorded
using a Trimble handheld GPS with sub -meter accuracy and processed using Pathfinder and ArcGIS.
Crest gages and groundwater gages are monitored quarterly. Hydrologic instrument installations are in
accordance with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, 2005) standards and monitoring
with the IRT's Stream and Wetland Mitigation Update (2016). Vegetation monitoring protocols followed
the Carolina Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2008).
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 2-1

Section 3: REFERENCES
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E. 2003.
Stream Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Harrelson, Cheryl C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An
Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61 p.
Lee, Michael T., Peet, Robert K., Steven D., Wentworth, Thomas R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation Version 4.2. Retrieved from: http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/protocol/cvs-eep-protocol-v4.2-lev1-
2.pdf.
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS). 2009. Upper Catawba River Basin
Restoration Priorities. Raleigh, NC.
NCDMS. June 2017. DIMS Annual Monitoring Report Format, Data Requirements, and Content
Guidance. Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR). 2015. Surface Water Classifications.
https://deg.nc.gov/about/divisions/water- resources/planning/classification-standards.
North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS). 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina: North Carolina
Survey, General Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000. https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-
mineral-land- resources/north-carolina-geological-survey/ncgs-maps/1985-geologic-map-of-nc4.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books.
Simon, A. 1989. A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels. Earth Surface Processes and
Landforms 14(1):11-26.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2005. Technical Standard for Water -Table
Monitoring of Potential Wetland Sites. Wetlands Regulatory Assistance Program, ERDC TN-
WRAP-05-2, https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1327/ML13276A040.pdf.
USACE. 2016. Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update. USACE, NCDENR-DWQ,
USEPA, NCWRC. October 2016.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resource Conservation District (NRCS). 2020.
WETS Station, Statesville 2 NNE, Iredell County, NC.
https://www.wcc.nres.usda.gov/climate/navigate wets.html.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc (Wildlands). 2021. Alexander Farms Mitigation Site Adaptive Management
Plan. DIMS, Raleigh, NC.
Wildlands. 2020. Alexander Farms Mitigation Site As -built Baseline Monitoring Report. DIMS, Raleigh,
NC.
Wildlands. 2020. Alexander Farms Mitigation Site Monitoring Year 1 Annual Report. DIMS, Raleigh, NC.
Wildlands. 2019. Alexander Farms Mitigation Site Mitigation Plan. DIMS, Raleigh, NC.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 2 Annual Report - FINAL 3-1

APPENDIX 1. General Figures and Tables

0 Project Location
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The subject project site is an environmental restoration site of
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) and is encompassed
by a recorded conservation easement, but is bordered
by land under private ownership. Accessing the site
may require traversing areas near or along the easement
boundary and therefore access by the general public is not
permitted. Access by authorized personnel of state and
federal agencies or their designees/contractors involved in
the development, oversight,and stewardship of the restoration
site is permitted within the terms and timeframes of their
defined roles. Any intended site visitation or activity by
any person outside of these previously sanctioned roles
and activites requires prior coordination with DMS.
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Directions to Site:
From Charlotte, travel north on 1-77 to exit 51. Keep left at the fork
for 1-40 W. Continue on 1-40 W for approximately 11.4 miles to exit
141. Turn right onto Sharon School Road. Continue on Sharon
School Road as it veers left in Paul Payne Store Road. Continue on
Paul Payne Store Road for 1.0 mile, and make a left onto Elk
Shoals Church Loop. In approximately 0.75 miles, the project will be
on either side of the gravel road.
Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
0 1 2 Mile DMS Project No. 100048
Monitoring Year 2 - 2021
Alexander County, NC

Figure 2 Project Component/ Asset Map
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILDLANDS DIMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 400 800Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
1 1 1 1 1 t Alexander County, NC

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Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 100048
Monitoring Year 2 - 2021
ReportActivity or
Permit
D.
October 2019
DelivLeryl
November 2019
Mitigation Plan
March 2018 - October 2019
October 2019
Final Design - Construction Plans
September 2019
September 2019
Construction
December 2019 -April 2020
April 2020
Temporary S&E mix applied to entire project areal
April 2020
April 2020
Permanent seed mix applied to reach/segments'
April 2020
April 2020
Bare root and live stake plantings for reach/segments
April 2020
April 2020
Baseline Monitoring (Year 0)
Stream Survey
April - May 2020
September 2020
Vegetation Survey
Collected - April 2020
Verified -June 2020
Year 1 Monitoring
Invasive treatment
May - August 2020
December 2020
Stream Survey
December 2020
Vegetation Survey
October 2020
Year 2 Monitoring
Supplemental Plantings
March 2021
December 2021
Live Stake Install
March 2021
Soil Amendments & Seeding
June 2021
July 2021
Invasive treatment
July 2021
August 2021
Stream Survey
July 2021
December 2021
Vegetation Survey
November 2021
Year 3 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Year 4 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Year 5 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Year 6 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Year 7 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
'Seed and mulch is added as each section of construction is completed.
Table 3. Project Contact Table
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 100048
Monitoring Year 2 - 2021
Designers
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Aaron Earley, PE, CFM
1430 South Mint Street, Suite 104
Charlotte, INC 28203
704.332.7754
Construction Contractors
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc
970 Bat Cave Road
Old Fort, INC 28762
Planting Contractor
Bruton Natural Systems, Inc.
PO Box 1197
Fremont, INC 27830
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc.
Seeding Contractor
970 Bat Cave Road
Old Fort, INC 28762
Seed Mix Sources
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc.
Nursery Stock Suppliers
Bare Roots
Bruton Natural Systems, Inc.
Live Stakes
Herbaceous Plugs
Wetland Plants Inc.
Monitoring Performers
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Kristi Suggs
Monitoring, POC
[phone] x.110

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APPENDIX 2. Visual Assessment Data

Figure 3.0 Current Condition Plan View (Key)
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILDLANDS DIMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 400 800Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
1 1 1 1 1 t Alexander County, NC

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Stream Problem Areas - MY2
Structure Issue
Figure 3.1 Current Condition Plan View
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DIMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
0 1 1 1 1 1 t Alexander County, NC

Conservation Easement ` y
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Figure 3.2 Current Condition Plan View
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 100048
Monitoring Year 2 - 2021
Alexander County, NC

Figure 3.3 Current Condition Plan View
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
I I I I I t Alexander County, NC

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Stream Photographs
Monitoring Year 2

PP1—view upstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1 PP1— view downstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1
PP2 —view upstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1 PP2 — view downstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1
PP3 —view upstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1 PP3 — view downstream—UT1 Reach 1A (06/29/2021) 1

PP4 —view upstream- UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1 PP4 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1
PPS —view upstream- UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1 PP5 —view downstream—UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1
PP6- view upstream—UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1 PP6 —view downstream—UT1 Reach 1B (06/29/2021) 1

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PP9B —view upstream—UT1 Reach 3 (11/03/2021) 1 PP9B —view downstream—UT1 Reach 3 (11/03/2021) 1
PP10 —view upstream—UT1 Reach 3 (06/29/2021) 1 PP10 —view downstream—UT1 Reach 3 (06/29/2021) 1
PP11—view upstream—UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1 PP11— view downstream—UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1

PP12 — view upstream— UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1 PP12 — view downstream—UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1
PP13 —view upstream—UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1 PP13 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1
PP14 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1 PP14 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4A (06/29/2021) 1

PP15 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1 PP15 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1
PP16 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1 PP16 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1
PP17 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1 PP17 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1

PP18 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1 PP18 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1
PP19 —view upstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1 PP19 — view downstream— UT1 Reach 4B (06/29/2021) 1
PP20 — view upstream— UT1A (06/29/2021) 1 PP20 — view downstream— UT1A (06/29/2021) 1

Vegetation Plot Photographs
Monitoring Year 2

Permanent Vegetation Plot 1 (811612021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 2 (811612021) 1
Permanent Vegetation Plot 3 (811612021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 4 (811612021) 1
Permanent Vegetation Plot 5 (811812021) I Permanent Vegetation Plot 6 (811812021) I
Alexander Farms Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data — Vegetation Photographs

Permanent Vegetation Plot 7 (811812021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 8 (811812021) 1
Permanent Vegetation Plot 9 (811812021) 1 Mobile Vegetation Plot 1(811612021) 1
Mobile Vegetation Plot 2 (811612021) I Mobile Vegetation Plot 3 (811812021) I
Alexander Farms Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data —Vegetation Photographs

Mobile Vegetation Plot 4 (1110312021) 1 Mobile Vegetation Plot 5 (1110312021) 1
Mobile Vegetation Plot 6 (1110312021) 1 Mobile Vegetation Plot 7 (1110312021) 1
Mobile Vegetation Plot 8 (1110312021) 1
Alexander Farms Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data — Vegetation Photographs

Area of Concern Photographs
Monitoring Year 2

Repaired MY1 Areas of Concern Photographs
Monitoring Year 2

UT1 R2 Right Bank Erosion (STA 120+00-120+20) — view UT1 R2 Right Bank Stabilized (STA 120+00-120+20) — view
downstream (2/9/2021) downstream (11/3/2021)
UT1 R2 Right Bank Erosion (STA 121+00-121+15) — view UT1 R2 Right Bank Stabilized (STA 121+00-121+15) — view
downstream (2/9/2021) downstream (11/3/2021)
UT1 R2 Right Bank Erosion (STA 126+00-126+20) — view UT1 R2 Right Bank Stabilized (STA 126+00-126+20) — view
downstream (2/9/2021) downstream (11/3/2021)

Groundwater Gage Photographs
Monitoring Year 2

APPENDIX 3. Vegetation Plot Data

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APPENDIX 5. Hydrology Summary Data and Plots

Table 14. Verification of Bankfull Events
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 100048
Monitoring Year 2 - 2021

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APPENDIX 6. Adaptive Management Plan & Wildlands Responses to AMP Comments

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ALEXANDER FARM MITIGATION SITE
Alexander County, NC
PLAN DEQ Contract No. 7416
DMS Project No. 100048
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2018-00451
NCDEQ DWR Certification No. 18-0665
RFP #: 16-007277
Catawba River Basin
HUC 03050101
Data Collection Period: October 2020 — February 2021
Submission Date: February 23, 2021
PREPARED FOR:
rk�
NC Department of Environment Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
217 West Jones Street; 3,a Floor
Raleigh, NC 27603

PREPARED BY:
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WILDLANDS
E NO I N E E R I N G
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
1430 South Mint Street, Suite 104
Charlotte, NC 28203
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Alexander Farm MITIGATION SITE
Adaptive Management Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section1: Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1
Section 2: Vegetative Assessment....................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Performance Criteria..................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Results...........................................................................................................................................1
Section 3: Supplemental Vegetation Planting......................................................................................1
3.1 Site Assessment............................................................................................................................ 1
3.2 Bare root plantings........................................................................................................................ 2
Section4: Soil Amendments............................................................................................................... 2
Section5: Conclusion.......................................................................................................................... 2
Section6: REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 3
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Vegetation Assessment and Planting Plan
Figure 1.1— 1.3
Supplemental Planting Map
Table 1
Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment
Table 2a-b
Planted and Total Stem Counts
Table 3
Supplemental Vegetation Planting
Appendix 2 Approved Planting Plans
Final Mitigation Planting List & Plan
Final As -built Baseline Conditions Planting List & Plan
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
Adaptive Management Plan

Section 1: Introduction
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) implemented a full -delivery stream mitigation project at the
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site (Site) for the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(DEQ) Division of Mitigation Services (DIMS). The project restored, enhanced, and preserved a total of
6,722 linear feet (LF) of perennial stream in Alexander County, NC. The Site is located at 35.811767,
-81.120683 (decimal degrees) within the DIMS targeted local watershed (TWL) for the Catawba River
Basin HUC 03050101 and the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) Subbasin 03-08-32. The project
is providing 4,258.100 stream mitigation units (SMUs) for the Catawba River Basin Hydrologic Unit
Code (HUC) 03050101130010 (Catawba 01). The final mitigation plan was submitted and accepted by
DIMS in June of 2019 and the IRT in October of 2019.
Wildlands Engineering submitted a Monitoring Year 1 (MY1) report at the beginning of 2021 describing
vegetation areas of concern on the Site that were caused by poor soils along with late season planting
which was completed by April 17t", 2020. Based on comments and discussions among DIMS, the NC
Interagency Review Team (IRT), and Wildlands, it was determined that an Adaptive Management Plan
(AMP) was needed to describe planned efforts to improve those areas. This effort is outlined in the
following sections.
Section 2: Vegetative Assessment
2.1 Performance Criteria
Based on the Final Mitigation Plan for the Alexander Farm Mitigation Site (Wildlands, 2019), the final
vegetative success criteria will be the survival of 210 planted stems per acre in the open planted riparian
corridor at the end of the required seventh monitoring period. The interim measure of vegetative
success for the Site will be the survival of at least 320 planted stems per acre at the end of MY3 and at
least 260 stems per acre at the end of MY5. Planted vegetation in each plot must average 7 feet in
height by MY5 and 10 feet in height at the end of the MY7. No success criteria are associated with
shaded area planting.
2.2 Results
The MY1 vegetation survey that was completed in October 2020 identified six of twelve vegetation plots
(Permanent and Mobile) that are not on track to meet MY3 interim success criteria of 320 planted stems
per acre. Of those six plots, three are not on track to meet the final success criteria of 210 planted stems
per acre. Additionally, low stem density areas across the site total approximately 10.0 acres. These areas
of low stem density were noted along UT1 Reach 1A, Reach 113, Reach 2, Reach 4A, Reach 413, and UT1A.
See Appendix 1 for the location of areas of low stem density (Figures 1.1-1.3) and Tables 1 and 2a-b for
the results of MY1 vegetation plot monitoring.
Section 3: Supplemental Vegetation Planting
3.1 Site Assessment
Following the MY1 vegetative survey, Wildlands surveyed the Site to assess the extent of the tree
mortality and explored reasons why mortality was higher in some areas compared to others. After
assessing the Site, 10.0 acres were identified for supplemental planting which will be conducted in early
2021. Wildlands believes significant factors contributing to the high mortality rate across the project was
due to a combination of late season planting which was completed by April 17t", 2020 and poor soils in
graded areas.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Adaptive Management Plan

3.2 Bare root plantings
Throughout the 10.0 acres, a mixture of nine species will be planted at a density of 500 stems per acre
(Figures 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3). This is 57.6% of the original planted area. Planted trees will all be bare root
stock. Species and quantities of trees to be planted are shown in Table 3. Five of the species were not
included in the Final Mitigation Plan for the Alexander Farm Site (Wildlands, 2019). They are northern
red oak (Quercus rubra), white oak (Quercus alba), winged elm (Ulmus alata), sassafras (Sassafras
albidum), and eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides). Two of the five species, northern red oak and
white oak were previously approved by the IRT for addition to the planting list as part of the As -built
Baseline Monitoring Report for the Site (Wildlands, 2020). Though the remaining three species (Winged
elm, sassafras, and cottonwood) were not included as part of the project's previously approved planting
plans, we believe that they will do well at the site as early successional species and have been added to
the planting plan. Winged elm (Ulmus alata), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), and eastern cottonwood
(Populus deltoides) are good early successional and hardy trees that should establish well in the growing
conditions found on -site (poor soils with variability in moisture regimes). Also, since eastern
cottonwoods grow quickly, they can create more favorable growing conditions for the later successional
plant species by acting as nurse trees. Supplementally planted trees added to a vegetation plot will be
flagged with a color different from what was used to flag the originally planted trees. The additional
trees will not be counted towards success criteria until two growing seasons have passed.
The approved planting list and plan from the Site's Mitigation Plan is included in Appendix 2.
Section 4: Soil Amendments
Across the Site, all areas slated for replanting, which total 10.0 acres along UT1 Reach 1A, Reach 113,
Reach 2, Reach 4A, Reach 413, and UT1A (Figures 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3) will be further treated with soil
amendments. Grading during construction exposed poor -quality subsoils with low organic matter
content and limited biology. Planned soil amendment additions include humic acid, biochar, dried
molasses, slow -release fertilizer (2-4-3), rock phosphate, and azomite (a trace mineral supplement).
Beyond boosting macro- and micronutrients in the soil, the addition of these amendments will improve
other soil properties including cation exchange capacity, pH, and microbial communities. Expected
improvements include higher moisture -holding capacity, organic matter, and nutrient availability for
plants. The amendments will be applied to the base of each stem rather than broadcasted across the
entire 10.0-acre area.
Section 5: Conclusion
In summary, Wildlands will plant nine species in early 2021 over 10.0 acres at a density of 500 stems per
acre. The supplemental plants will consist of only bare root stock. Soil amendments will also be added
during MY2 on all areas of the project that are replanted.
Wildlands will continue to monitor Site vegetation as previously planned. If the monitoring requirements
are not met during MY7 in any of the planted areas, including ones with supplemental planting,
Wildlands proposes to add another year of vegetation monitoring for those areas. Vegetation
monitoring will continue until success criteria are met.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Adaptive Management Plan

Section 6: REFERENCES
Wildlands Engineering, Inc (Wildlands), 2020. Alexander Farm Mitigation Site As -built Baseline
Monitoring Report. DIMS, Raleigh, NC.
Wildlands, 2019. Alexander Farm Mitigation Site Mitigation Plan. DIMS, Raleigh, NC.
WAlexander Farm Mitigation Site
Adaptive Management Plan

APPENDIX 7. MY2 Supplemental Planting

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From: Haywood, Casey M CIV USARMY CESAW (USA)
To: Kristi Suggs
Cc: Tsomides. Harry; Aaron Earley; Brandon Romeo; Sam Kirk; Tuawell. Todd J CIV USARMY CESAW (USA);
Brownino. Kimberly D CIV USARMY CESAW (USA); Davis. Erin B; "Wilson. Travis W.
(travis.wilson(a)ncwildlife.ora)"; Munger. Olivia; Merritt. Katie; holland vounaman(a)fws.aov; "Bowers. Todd
(bowers.todd@eoa.00v)"
Subject: RE: Alexander Farm Mitigation Site, Alexander County, NC (SAW-2018-00451) - Review request for the inclusion
of additional woody species in the project"s planting plan
Date: Wednesday, January 5, 2022 1:27:35 PM
Hi Kristi,
The IRT is okay with the proposed species list and you may proceed with the proposed supplemental
planting. Please note that the IRT is concerned that this is the second year portions of the site
needed to be replanted. As previously discussed during the IRT Adaptive Management Plan review,
please ensure you provide additional transects in supplemental planting areas to demonstrate stem
survival in future monitoring reports. As a reminder, an additional year of monitoring is required in
MY6. If data suggests that the vegetative performance is not on a trajectory for success, an
additional year of monitoring in MY8 may be required. Please reach out if you have any questions.
Thank you,
Casey
From: Kristi Suggs <[e-mail]>
Sent: Wednesday, December 29, 2021 9:12 AM
To: Haywood, Casey M CIV USARMY CESAW (USA)<Casey.M.Haywood@)usace.army.mil>
Cc: Tsomides, Harry <[e-mail]>; Aaron Earley <[e-mail]>;
Brandon Romeo <[e-mail]>; Sam Kirk <[e-mail]>
Subject: [URL Verdict: Neutral][Non-DoD Source] Alexander Farm Mitigation Site, Alexander County,
NC (SAW-2018-00451) - Review request for the inclusion of additional woody species in the project's
planting plan
Hi Casey,
I hope that you are enjoying the Holiday Season. I wanted to touch base with you per the request of
Harry Tsomides (DMS PM for Alexander Farm) to see if you could post the following request for IRT
review. We are needing to supplementally plant approximately 2.1 acres or 11.9% of the planted
area this winter at Alexander Farms. These areas consist of some of the existing wetlands and
riparian areas that are trending wetter than originally anticipated. Since the approved Mitigation
Plan did not include a separate wetland planting list, we are requesting the IRT's review of the
proposed supplemental planting list for these areas. Please see the attached list for use in this
request. If you need any additional information or have any questions, please let me know.
Thank you very much!
Kristi Suggs

re
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Figure 3.1 Current Condition Plan View
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DIMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
0 1 1 1 1 1 t Alexander County, NC

Figure 3.3 Current Condition Plan View
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet Monitoring Year 2-2021
I I I I I t Alexander County, NC

APPENDIX 1. Vegetation Assessment and Planting Plan

Conservation Easement
Project Parcels
Internal Crossing
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Restoration
Enhancement 11
Preservation
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= Criteria Met (Permanent)
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® Low Stem Density
WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
Figure 1.1 Supplemental Planting Map
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
0 150 300 Feet DMS Project No. 100048
I�I�I Adaptive Management Plan
Alexander County, NC

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Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet
I i I i I Adaptive Management Plan
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Alexander County, NC

Figure 1.3 Supplemental Planting Map
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site
WILD LANDS DMS Project No. 100048
ENGINEERING 0 150 300 Feet
I i I i I Adaptive Management Plan
Alexander County, NC

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WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
November 29, 2021
Kim Browning
Mitigation Project Manager
Regulatory Division, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers
[e-mail]
Subject: IRT Adaptive Management Plan Review Comments: 15-Day Review
Alexander Farm Mitigation Site, Alexander County
Yadkin River Basin — HUC 03040101
DMS Project ID No. 100048 / DEQ Contract #007416
Dear Ms. Browning:
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) has reviewed the 15-Day Adaptive Management Plan (AMP)
review comments from the NC Interagency Review Team (IRT) in regard to the Alexander Farm Mitigation
Site received via email on 3/12/2021. Wildlands understands that the implementation of the additional
monitoring measures outlined in the IRT's comments to the AMP are required and will document the
requirements and their results in future monitoring reports. All comments from the IRT are noted below
in Bold. Wildlands' responses to those comments are noted below in italics.
INC DWR, ERIN DAVIS
DWR comment: Considering the significant area requiring replanting, DWR would support a one-year
extension of the monitoring period that could be rescinded at MY7 if vegetation problem areas are not
reoccurring and the site meets target performance criteria.
Wildlands' response: As instructed in the AMP review email from 3112121, Wildlands will conduct an extra
year of vegetation monitoring in MY6. (MY6 is a reduced monitoring year and vegetation monitoring isn't
normally conducted.) However, if the data doesn't suggest that the vegetative performance is trending
toward success, an additional year of monitoring may be required in MY8.
DWR comment: Replanting along Enhancement II Reach UT R2 includes a large existing wetland area.
With no grading shown in this area, was late planting determined to be the primary reason for failed
establishment? Was the hydrology regime in this area a consideration for species selection (e.g. number
of FACW species)?
Wildlands'response: Though the hydrologic regime within the wetland along UT1 R2 may have contributed
to the failed establishment of some of the planted vegetation within this wetland complex, it wouldn't
account as the primary factor throughout the entire reach. The areas of low stem density along UT1 R2
consisted of wetland and non -wetland areas and a mix of FACU through FACW species would be needed
to account for wetland and non -wetland areas. Therefore, it is expected that the main contributing factor
along this reach would be late season planting.
DWR comment: In reviewing this AMP, DWR went back to the final mitigation plan and noted that the
narrative did not include discussion of soil restoration or plant target community(s). DWR hopes that
more recent requests to consider these elements more thoroughly during project planning will assist
with better site vegetative establishment and diversity moving forward.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands has heeded requests from IRT members and will consider more robust
discussions of the soil conditions present onsite and the types of naturally occurring riparian communities
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
in subsequent mitigation plans, as well as the proposed activities to establish more conducive growing
conditions so the target communities are more adaptive while developing into a diverse and healthy
riparian buffer area.
EPA, TODD BOWERS
EPA comment: Following the MY1 Report it was determined that much of the site (10 acres) would need
supplemental planting in order to meet interim vegetation performance as much of the project was
experiencing high mortality rates due to poor soil conditions and late planting during the site
construction. Wildlands has proposed a reasonable approach to correct this deficiency and has
recommended additional monitoring and soil amendments to ensure vegetation success. I am curious
about the proposed soil amendments going only to the new bare root plantings. If there is a possible
sitewide deficiency in soil nutrients, carbon or low cation exchange capability, what is the contingency
to ensure the rest of the site remains in a trajectory towards success? Should we be expecting continued
or excessive mortality in the areas that will not receive the soil amendments? I am all for improving the
soil conditions of the areas of low stem density but will the rest of the site be able to perform as
expected? I suppose this a question that can only be answered as MY2 data is collected.
Wildlands' response: In the past, Wildlands has found that broadcasting soil amendments throughout a
large area over fertilizes the weeds and dilutes their effectiveness where the nutrients are needed;
whereas, focusing those amendments on the targeted areas allows for better woody growth and success.
Additionally, broadcasted amendments are more susceptible to washing away during storm events;
thereby, creating conditions similar to those being corrected.
EPA comment: As it stands, I approve of the adaptive management plan for supplemental planting at
the Alexander Farm mitigation site in Alexander County, North Carolina. I recommend that Wildlands
begin planting immediately in order to take advantage of what remains of the dormant season ideal
for planting bare root seedlings and saplings. Thank you for the opportunity to provide feedback on
the aforementioned Adaptive Management Plan proffered by Wildlands. If you have any questions
pertaining to my comments, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Wildlands' response: Thank you for providing your comments. We really appreciate it. Also, we wanted
to let you know that the Site was supplementally planted on March 23, 2021.
USACE, CASEY HAYWOOD
USACE comment: Plots 1 & 2: Cherrybark accounts for more than half of the species. Please note that
all planted stems can be shown on the vegetation table but no one species in excess of 50% can be
used to demonstrate success.
Wildlands' response: The inclusion of all the cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) species in permanent
vegetation plot (VP)1 and 2, for MY1 was an oversight. Only 4 cherrybark oak stems should have been
included in VP1's success criteria and only 5 in the success criteria for VP2. None of the volunteer species
in VP1 are eligible for inclusion in the success criteria for the plot until after they are present for at least
two years. This loss of the one woody stem in each plot decreases the overall stems per acre for VP1 and
VP2 to 324 and 405, respectively.
USACE comment: Plots 1, 4, & 5 are barely meeting success and are not indicated as an area that will
need to be replanted. When accounting for mortality, do you anticipate that these areas will need a
supplemental planting in the future? Would random transects in these areas indicate low stem
density or is it just where the plot is?
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

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WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
Wildlands' response: Wildlands often finds that replanting this early in the monitoring timeline is not
needed. Resprouts and missing stems are often found and/or volunteers become established in MY2 and
MY3, thereby, negating the issue. Transects conducted in the areas surrounding VP1 & VP4 would show
that the lower stem counts are isolated to the plots, while VP5 is located on the southern fringe of low -
density areas designated for replanting. Therefore, transects conducted north of VP5 would likely
indicate low stem density, but not south of VP5 and the delineated replanting area.
USACE comment: The corps made note that veg plot 3 has 35 volunteer red maples. Please continue
to monitor this plot and do selective thinning as necessary so these species don't outcompete desired
species.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will continue to monitor these volunteers. We anticipate that
competition will reduce the number of species present, however, if this trend continues, action will be
taken to remediate the issue.
USACE comment: Most of the veg plots are outside of wetland areas. While wetland credits were not
generated, if wetland areas were planted, it would be recommended to have veg plots in these areas
to demonstrate success. The large wetland near Reach 1B does not appear to be monitored for veg
success, was this area planted? If so, recommend a plot in this area.
Wildlands' response: Though the large wetland along UT1 R18 was planted, a permanent vegetation
plot was not included in the wetland when the Mitigation Plan was approved. Wildlands had anticipated
that wetland areas would be monitored in subsequent monitoring years by use of the Site's mobile plots.
However, per the IRT's request, Wildlands installed an additional mobile vegetation plot during MY1
within the wetland area along UT1 Reach 1B. This mobile vegetation plot will be moved to random
locations within the Site's wetland complexes in subsequent monitoring years to capture the vegetative
health of the wetlands.
USACE comment: Is the site trending towards being more wet? Not sure if there is a correlation, but
the highest survival of stems is from FAC/FACW species despite none of the veg plots being in
wetlands. Was consideration of FACW species to be planted in these areas? The majority of the
species listed on the replant are FACU species. Given the amount of wetlands in planting areas, using
upland species would not be appropriate and more FACW and/or OBL species should be planted. For
example, Sassafras is an upland shrub and may not be appropriate for this site.
Wildlands' response: It is true that some of the site is trending wetter, but not the entire site, so a mix of
FACW, FAC, and FACU were used to accommodate the range of conditions, with FACU species accounting
for only 35% of the supplementally planted stems and 65% consisting of FAC and FACW species. Also,
unlike UPL species, FACU species, like sassafras, are able to tolerate wetter conditions that tend to dry
out during the summer season, such as along wetland fringes and raised hummocks within the wetlands,
as well as upland areas, therefore, accommodating a wider range of conditions throughout the site than
true UPL species.
USACE comment: In future plans please present planting zones that are appropriate for streamside
assemblage, wetland areas and upland areas. Discussion of the target community is also encouraged.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands acknowledges the comment and will continue to strive to improve
planting assemblages for project planting areas, as well as the target community types. It should be
noted that 55% of the proposed species were included in the approved Mitigation's Planting Plan and
that an additional 20% were from the project's approved As -built Planting Plan. If additional planting is
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203

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WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING
needed for the site, Wildlands proposes to choose more FACW and/or OBL species within the project's
target riparian community.
USACE comment: If the majority of the site is experiencing soil issues, there is concern that
survivability of the site as a whole will be low. Will the soil amendments on the roots of planted stems
be enough to ensure success of the entire site?
Wildlands' response: See Wildlands response to the EPA's first comment by Todd Bowers.
USACE comment: Replanting includes River Birch at 758 stems- however, this is one of the more
dominant species on site and we would like to see less emphasis on River Birch. Also, please note that
sycamore and river birch are more typical of larger stream systems; we recommend eliminating these
species in favor of other species more typical of smaller systems.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands understands the IRT's concern and though the species chosen were not
ideal due to the previous planting quantities, these species were available at the time of planting (early
2021). Securing more diverse and less commonly planted species would have required submitting a
planting request with a nursery in late 2021 for planting the following year (2022). If additional
supplemental planting is required during the remainder of the seven year monitoring period, Wildlands
will try and refrain from using river birch (Betula nigra) and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) to allow for
additional planting diversity onsite.
USACE comment: Recommending at least 2 additional transects in supplemental planting areas to
demonstrate stem survival.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will install at least 2 additional mobile transects within the
supplementally planted areas to document stem survival.
USACE comment: Given the extensive replanting, and due to late planting and poor soils, an
additional year of vegetation monitoring will be required. If the site is meeting target performance
standards at MY7, the decision to extend monitoring could be rescinded.
Wildlands' response: See Wildlands response to NC DWR's first comment by Erin Davis.
USACE comment: Please provide a soil map in future AMP documents.
Wildlands' response: Wildlands will provide a soil map in future AMP documents as requested.
As requested, Wildlands has responded to the IRT's comments in this letter via a response email and will
include a copy of the original comments and our response letter in the Monitoring Year (MY) 2
submittal.
Sincerely,
Kristi Suggs
Senior Environmental Scientist
[e-mail]
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone [phone] • fax [phone] • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203