NCG500257_HISTORICAL

ri
NCDENR .
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Coleen H. Sullins
Governor Director
October 14, 2011
Mr. Kent Ward
Plant Manager
Superior Fibers (foi'inerly Flanders)
10575 Wr Lathan Street
US 701 South
Clarkton, NC 28433
Dee Freeman
Secretary
SUBJECT: Site visit of Superior Fibers (formerly Flanders)
(Sitte formerly owned by Harriet & Henderson Yarns with rescinded
Permit NCG500257)
US, 701 South
Bladen County
Dear Mr. Ward, ,
On September 28, 2011, I visited your facility (located in the building of the
former owner, Harriet & Henderson Yarns that closed in the year 2003). Before the
Yams factory closed, it had maintained permit NCG500257 (now rescinded). The
purpose of my visit was to deteiniine if your facility discharged to a receiving stream one
of the types of wastewaters that is covered in the NCG500000 series permit. I understood
from you that Cooling Tower Blowdown, Boiler Blowdown, and Air Compressor
Condensate flowed: into the Town of Clarkton collection system, and that similar
wastewaters did not flow from your facility into a receiving stream. I reviewed the
04/13/2010 and 08/,29/2011 pump & haul invoices. from Pressure Tech (located in
Kentucky) for the polyvinyl acetate (Duraset) from your facility that was transported to
the Superior Fibers plant in Vanceburg, Kentucky. I also observed your facility's product
manufacturing area. Based upon the information that I received and upon my
observations, it did not appear that Superior Fibers required an NCG500000 permit.
I appreciate the time and professional courtesy that you extended during my visit.
In the future, if your facility begins discharging any of the above mentioned Wastewaters
directly a reeei'in g stream, then Superior Fibers is required - - application
-.-
J to 6 1.1.Lv11 required to submit an upY11�+�1 L1V11
for the discharge. l For an.application form, please see the following website:
http://poi-tatnedenr.org/web/wq/swp/psinpdes/appforms.
I '
225 Green St., Suite 714, Fayetteville, NC 28301-5043
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] Customer Service: 1-877-623-6748
Internet: www.ncwaterquality.org
An Equal Opportunity t Affirmative Action Employer
One
North -Carolina
A2atuiw/Iy •

Mr. Ward
Page 2
October 14, 2011
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at [phone].
/dl
Enclosures:
cc:
Sincerely,
dek
Dale Lopez
Environmental Specialist
EPA Water Compliance Inspection Report
PR i ! a
0t.
B ,n =w

United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Washington, D.C. 20460
Water Compliance Inspection Report
Form Approved.
OMB No. 2040-0057
Approval expires 8-31-98
I Section A: National Data System Coding (i.e., PCS)
Transaction Code " NPDES yr/mo/day Inspection
1 I N 1 2 1 51 31 INC,G500257 1 11 121 11/09/28 117
Type Inspector Fac Type
181 C 1 ' 19 I S I 201 I
I ' Remarks
211I11IIII1IIIIIII11III1III111I1IIII1II1II1IIIII166
Inspection Work Days Facility Self -Monitoring Evaluation Rating B1 QA ----Reserved------
671 2.0 . 1 69 I i 701 1 711 I 72 I N I 731 1 174 751 I I 1 I I I 180
Section B: Facility Data
Name and Location of Facility Inspected (For Industrial Users discharging to POTW, also include
POTW name and NPDES permit Number)
CANAM / Bladen plant
NC Hwy 701 S 1
Clarkton NC 28433
Entry Time/Date
10:30 AM 11/09/28 '
Permit Effective Date
02/08/01
Exit Time/Date
11:30 AM 11/09/28
Permit Expiration Date
07/07/31
Name(s) of Onsite Representative(')/Titles(s)/Phone and Fax Number(s)
///
Other Facility Data
Name, Address of Responsible Official/Title/Phone and Fax Number
I Contacted
George R Perkins,1823 Boone Trail Rd Buffalo Lake NC 27330//919-777-2650/9197769806 No
Section C: Areas Evaluated During Inspection (Check only those areas evaluated)
. Other
Section D: Summary'df Finding/Comments (Attach additional sheets of narrative and checklists as necessary)
1
(See attachment summary)
1
II
Name(s) a natures) of Inspeptor(s) Agency/Office/Phone and Fax Numbers Date '
Dale Lopez Az .?1 i FRO WQ//910-433-3300 Ext.712/ ift / 01 ,Roll
Signature of Management Q A evievber Agency/Office/Phone and Fax Numbers Date
j
>f/ c-67/1) 1 O� / /
EPA Form 3560-3 (Rev 9-94) Previous editions are obsolete.
Page # 1

NPDES yr/mo/day Inspection Type
3I NCG500257 I11 12l 11/09/28 17 181
d
(cont.) 1
Section D: Summary of Finding/Comments (Attach additional sheets of narrative and checklists as necessary)
On September 28, 2011, I visited your facility (located in the building of the former owner, Harriet &
Henderson Yarns that closed in the year 2003). Before the Yarns factory closed, it had maintained permit
NCG500257 (now rescinded). The purpose of my visit was to determine if your facility discharged to a
receiving stream one of the types of wastewaters that is covered in the NCG500000 series permit. I
understood from you that Cooling Tower Blowdown, Boiler Blowdown, and Air Compressor Condensate
flowed into the Town of Clarkton collection system, and that similar wastewaters did not flow from your
facility into a .receiving stream. I reviewed the 04/13/2010 and 08/29/2011 pump & haul invoices from
Pressure Tech (located in Kentucky) for the polyvinyl acetate (Duraset) from your facility that was
transported to the Superior Fibers plant in Vanceburg, Kentucky. I also observed your facility's product
manufacturing area. Based upon the information that I received and upon my observations,' it did not
appear that Superior Fibers required an NCG500000 permit. It also appeared that Harriet & Henderson
Yarns were nolonger in operation and had closed in the year 2003.
I appreciate the time and professional courtesy that you extended during my visit. In the future, if your
facility begins discharging any of the above mentioned wastewaters directly to a receiving stream, then
Superior Fibers is required to submit an application for the discharge. For an application form, please see
the following website:
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/swp/ps/npdes/appforms.
Page # 2

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Alan W. Klimek, P.EJ, Director
I I
July 26, 2002
MICHAEL C INSCOE
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARN
PO BOX 789
HENDERSON, NC 27536
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
3 B 2002
mvc
1
Subject: Reissue - NPDES Wastewater Discharge Permit
Harriet & Henderson Yarn
COC Number NCG500257
Bladen County
Dear Permittee:
In response to your renewal application for continued coverage under general permit NCG500000, the Division of
Water Quality (DW
Q) y ( Q) is forwarding herewith the reissued wastewater general permit Certificate of Coverage
(COC). This COC is reissued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the
Memorandum of Agreement between the state of North Carolina and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
dated May 9, 1994 (or as subsquently amended).
The following information islincluded with your permit package:
* A copy of the Certificate of Coverage for your treatment facility
* A copy of General Wastewater Discharge Permit NCG500000
* A copy of a Technical Bulletin for General Wastewater Discharge Permit NCG500000
Your coverage under this Igeneral permit is not transferable except after notice to DWQ. The Division may require
modification or revocation and reissuance of the Certificate of Coverage. This permit does not affect the legal
requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by DENR or relieve the permittee from responsibility
for compliance with any other applicable federal, state, or local law rule, standard, ordinance, order, judgment, or
decree.
I
If you have any questions regarding this permit package please contact Aisha Lau of the Central Office Stormwater
and General Permits Unit at;[phone], ext. 578
I
- I I
Sincerely,
b2u6L y
for Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
cc: Central Files
Stormwater & General Permits Unit Files
Fayetteville Regional Office
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
An Equal Opportunity' Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Acting Director
CERTIFIED MAIL
RETURN RECEIYI REQUESTED
.4
l°o►lox3S
ATTN: MICHAEL C INSCOE
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
POBOX 789
CLARKTON, NC 28433
Dear Permittee:
4/23/2002
AVA
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
MAY 6 2002
F' r r
Subject: NOTICE OF VIOLATION
FAILURE TO SUBMIT RENEWAL APPLICATION
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
NCG500000
COC NUMBER NCG500257
BLADEN COUNTY
This letter is to inform you that, as of the date of this letter, the Division of Water Quality has not received a
renewal request for the subject permit certificate of coverage. This is a violation of NCGS § 143.215.1 (c)(1) which
states "All applications shall be filed with the commission at least 180 days in advance of the date on which it is
desired to commence the discharge of wastes or the date on which an existing permit expires, as the case may be".
Any permittee that has not requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration or permittee that does not have a
permit after the expiration and has not requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration, will be subjected to
enforcement procedures as provided in NCGS § 143-215.6 and 33 USC 1251 et. seq.
In order to prevent continued, escalated action, including the assessment of civil penalties you must submit a
completed permit coverage renewal application to the attention of the "Stormwater and General Permits Unit" at
the letterhead address within ten (10) days of your receipt of this letter (renewal application enclosed).
If the subject discharge has been terminated, please complete the enclosed rescission request form. Mailing
instructions are listed on the bottom of the rescission request form. You will be notified when the rescission
process has been completed. '
Thank you for your prompt attention to this situation. If you have any questions regarding this matter, please
contact Delonda Alexander of the central office Stormwater and General Permits Unit at 919-733-5083, ext. 584.
Sincerely,
for Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Acting Director, Division of Water Quality
cc: Stormwater and General Permits Unit Files
Central Files
Fayetteville Regional Office
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

•
P. 1
FILE MODE
OPTION
COMMUNICATION RESULT REPORT ( MAY.14.2002 4:09PM )
TTI ENVIRONMENTAL MGMT
ADDRESS (GROUP) RESULT PAGE
477 ,MEMORY TX
12524383937 OK P. 3/3
REASON'FOR ERROR
E-1) HANG UP!OR LINE FAIL
E-3) NO: NSWER
E-2) BUSY
E-4) NO FACSIMILE CONNECTION
ATA,.
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Governor
FAX .COVER SHEET
DATE: 5 4 j4
FAX #:
FROM:
Number of page, including cover: 3
NOTE:
William G. Ross Jr,, Secretary
Gregory J. Thorpe, PhD,
Acting Director
Division of Water Quality,

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and' Natural Resources
Division of Water Qu1ality •
James B. Hunt, Jr.., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr.; P.E., Director
Michael C. Inscoe II
Harriet & Henderson Yarns,llnc
P.O. Box 789
iI Clarkton , NC 28433 1
54414
Dear Permittee:
•
ice- C VEf
L 199 ubject:
EHNF�
July 24, -1997
Certificate. of Coverage No. NCG500257
Renewal of General Permit
Bladen Plant
Bladen County
..r;-
In accordance with your application for. renewal of the subject Certificate of Coverage, the Division is forwarding
the enclosed General Permit. This renewal is valid until July 31, 2002. This permit is issued pursuant to the
requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215, .1. and the Memorandum; of Agreement between North
Carolina and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency dated December 6,1983. If any parts; measurement
frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit are. unacceptable to you, you have the rightto request
an individual permit by submitting an individual permit application. Unless such demand is made, this certificate
of coverage shall be final and binding.
The Certificate of'Coverage for your facility is not transferable exceptafter notice to the Division: Use the enclosed
Permit Name/Ownership Change form to notify the Division if you sell or otherwise transfer ownership of the
subject facility. The Division may requirelmodification or revocation and reissuance of the Certificate of Coverage.
If your facility ceases.. discharge of wastewater before the expiration date of this permit, contact the Regional
Office listed below at [phone]. Once discharge from your facility, has ceased, this permit may be rescinded.
This permit does not affect; the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the Division of
Water Quality, the Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area Management Act or any other Federal or Local
governmental permit that may be required.'
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact the NPDES Group at the address below.
,cc: Central Files
Fayetteville Regional Office
NPDES File
Facility Assessment Unit
Sincerely,
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh,I North Carolina 27626-0535
An Equal OpportunityAffirmative Action Employer
[phone] FAX [phone] p&[e-mail]
50% recycled / 10% post -consumer paper

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE NO. NCG500257
TO DISCHARGE NON -CONTACT COOLING WATER, COOLING TOWER AND BOILER
BLOWDOWN, CONDENSATE, EXEMPT STORMWATER, COOLING WATERS ASSOCIATED WITH
HYDROELECTRIC OPERATIONS, AND SIMILIAR WASTEWATERS UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards
and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management
Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
i
is hereby authorized to discharge
non -contact cooling water, condensate and other similar wastewaters
from a facility located at
Bladen Plant
Highway 701 South
Clarkton
Bladen County
to receiving waters designated as subbasin 30758 in the Lumber River Basin
in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth
in Parts I, II, III and IV of General Permit No. NCG500000 as attached.
This certificate of coverage shall become effective August 1, 1997.
This certificate of coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Permit.
Signed this day July 24,1997.
4
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
July 18, 1995 -,
- MEMORANDUM •
t, ....___, -.......
, To: • - Susan Robson . .
RECEIVP4ti
Through: Matt Matthews fc\i ',-
JUL 21 1995
From: Melissa Rosebrock0-)
ENV. MANAGEMENT
Subject: Biocide use at Harriet& Henderson Yarns, Inc.-Bladen Plant.
FAYE1TEVILLE REG. OFFICEJ
NPDES•No. NCq500257 (formerly NC0081558)
Bladen County
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Ine.-Bladen Plant has submitted biocides Biosperse 240 and Biosperse 261T for
review. Data submitted by the facility concerning the application rates of the compounds, system volume, system
flow rate, minimum stream flow, retention time and active ingredient toxicity has been reviewed and evaluated.
Due to the unique conditions of hydraulics and flow at this plant, we have evaluated these biocides in a
somewhat different manner. The proposal includes the -use of a baffled septic system between the cooling tower
loop and the receiving stream. Working from a theoretical basis, this baffled system would effectively retain the
biocidal compounds (7.84 hOurS) sufficiently to allow them to pass through several half lives, allowing the
products to degrade to acceptable concentrations. Although we have some concerns as to the appropriateness of
the calculations performed on behalf of the facility (see "Engineers Discussion", attached), we have nontheless
derived similar results for both the regulated limitation and final analysis portions of the Biocide 101 Worksheet
•(sections III -IV, pages 3-4, resPectively). As a result, this office approves the use of Biosperse 240 and Biosperse
261T at the stated application rates and discharge conditions at Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
attachments
cc: r-Mi-c-haeTW-lakFRO-°A
Central Files

Harriet and Henderson Yarns, Inc. BIOCIDE WORKSHEET
PERMIT*. NCG500257
RECEIVING STREAM: UT to Brown Marsh Swamp
7Q10 (cfs): 0.00
I.W.C.%: 100.00
PRODUCT: Biosperse 261T
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: 92.5%- 1-BROMO-3-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTION
Part I - Chilled Water Loop
HALF LIFE (DAYS):
LC50 OF SELECTED TOX DATA (mg/L):
DECAY RATE:
DOSAGE RATE (GRAMS/DAY):
AVG DAILY DISCHARGE (MGD): (37854.1 liters)
VOLUME OF SYSTEM (MIL. GAL'S):
Part II - Tower Water Loop
HALF LIFE (DAYS):
LC50 OF SELECTED TOX DATA-(MG/L):
DECAY RATE:
DOSAGE RATE "(GRAMS/DAY)
AVG DAILY DISCHARGE (MGD):
VOLUME OF'SYBTEM (MIL. GAL'S):
ttt
1,1.1-•7, Z: .. t
' T... •,,,
1".. -•-• '
. ,
* includes 26.88 g dosage :from Chilled Water Loop and 230.0 g dosage to Tower Water Loop.
** After allowing biocide treated effluent .to degrade in baffled holding tank for 7.84 hours (0.3267 days).
0.042
0.46
16.4286
91 0
0.01
0.02
7010 (cfs): 0.00
I.W.C.%: 100.00
0.042
0.46
16.4286
256.88
0.02448
0.005
STEADY STATE DISC CONC (mg/L):
DEGRADATION FACTOR:
37854.1 I x .7101 mg/I =
26880.2 mg =
0.7101
16.929
Effective dosage (g) from chilled water loop = 26.88
STEADY STATE DISC CONC:
DEGRADATION FACTOR:
APPLICATION FACTOR:
INSTREAM BIOCIDE CONC: **
REGULATED LIMITATION:
0.6365
21.325
0.050
0.0028
0.0230
PASS/FAIL:
PASS

Half-life Determination
Half-life
Determination
261-T
Half-life (hours)
1
Shut off time (hours)-
7.84
Initial Amount ,
0.6365
Final Amount
0.002781
240
Half-life (hours)
1
Shut off time (hours)
7.84
Initial Amount
5.2745
Final Amount
0.023047
Page 1

7Q10 (cfs): 0.00
I.W.C.%: 100.00
PRODUCT: Biosporse 240
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: 5% 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)
Part I - Chilled Water Loop
HALF LIFE (DAYS):
LC50 OF SELECTED TOX DATA (mg/L):
DECAY RATE:
DOSAGE RATE (GRAMS/DAY):
AVG DAILY DISCHARGE (MGD): (37854.1 liters)
VOLUME OF SYSTEM (MIL. GAL'S):
Part II - Tower Water Loop
HALF LIFE (DAYS):
LC50 OF SELECTED TOX DATA (MG/L):
DECAY RATE:
DOSAGE RATE (GRAMS/DAY): *
AVG DAILY DISCHARGE (MGD):
VOLUME OF SYSTEM (MIL. GAL'S):
0.042
24.8
16.4286
7570
0.01
0.02
7Q10 (cfs): 0.00
I.W.C.%: 100.00
0.042
24.8
16.4286
2128.61
0.02448
0.005
STEADY STATE DISC CONC (mg/L):
DEGRADATION FACTOR:
37854.1 I x 5.9072 mg/I =
223611.74 mg =
5.9072
16.929
Effective dosage (g) from chilled water loop = 223.61
STEADY STATE DISC CONC:
DEGRADATION FACTOR:
APPLICATION FACTOR:
INSTREAM BIOCIDE CONC: **
REGULATED LIMITATION:
5.2745
21.325
0.050
0.0230
1.2400
PASS/FAIL:
PASS
* includes 223.61 g dosage from Chilled Water Loop and 1905.0 g dosage to Tower Water Loop.
** After allowing biocide treated effluent to degrade In baffled holding tank for 7.84 hours (0.3267 days).

• •.
07/08/95 'n.,14:58 ittp19, 438 3937 H. & H YARNS lit1005/021
I 1
Facility Name: • Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES NC 500000
! I Certificate of Coverage: 500257
II 11 MPP41T74
Biocide/CheMical Treatment (Revised 5/22/95)
I - Worksheet Form 101
The following caladations are tribe performed on any biocidal products (Ada/
. 1
the surface waters' ofNorth Carolhta. This worksheet must be completed sep
biocide' product m use.- This worksheet is to be returned with all appropriatci
the designated areas •vitir, calculations performed as indicated.
1. I I
1. Facility Na,me ,3,arrier& Henderson Yarns_TeLc.
NPDES &NC 500000 Cert. # 500257 -131aderi
County
Receiiiing Stream UT to Brown Marsh Swamp 7Q10 O. (ets)
• (All abOveinformation supplied by the Division ofEnvironmental Management)
• What is the Average Daily Discharge (A. D. D.) volume of the water handling
systems toil the receiving water body?
•I ,
k D. D_ .02448 jn M. G. D.) (Tower Looper Discharge)
I
•
please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge
using the 4ata entered avove. •
IWC D. D.) x 100 = (.02448) x 100 = 100%
• (7010(0.646) ( 0 X0.646) + A. D. D.)
I I•
I '
This value, (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during
flow concittioins.
IL What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the
discharge identified in Part I?
Blospersei26ITIDrew Division, Ashland Chemical)
Please lithe active ingredients and percent composition:
1:- bromoi- 3 - chloro - 5.5 Dimethydantain 92 5 %
o,—
,
I %
J
What feed, oil dosage rate (3. R.) is used in this application? The Units must be converted
to grams Of whole product used per. day. ,
D. = 231.22 grarns/day (From 1, D inen&eers discussion)

07/0/95 14:58 f2919 438 3937
H & 11 YARNS
1Z1908/021
rA
Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yam& Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Estimate total volume of the water handling system between entry of biocidal product and
NPDES discharge point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this
estimate (system volut,n average cydes per blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume = 0.°005 million gallons
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter
N/A. 9.0+/-
What is the decay rate (D. K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D. K, -0)
and proceed to asterisk. The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH
standard unit within handling system. Enter the half life (Half Life is the time required
for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please provide
= opl I Ill
copies of the Sources of thp .
H. L. 0.042 Days 6 10i
A \V.
The deday rate is equal to 1 .x 0.69 16_43 = Decay Rate (D. K.)
H. L.
Calculate degradation factor (D. F.). This is the first order loss coefficient.
(A_ D. D.) o 02448
D. F. = (Volume) + (D. K.) (0 + (16.43) = 2)4.3
Calculate Steady Statc Discharge Concentvaion:
Discharge Conc. D. R.) = (233.22) = 0_578 mg/i
(D. F.XVolume)(3185) (2133)(0.005)(37R5)
Calculate concentration of biocide instrearn during low flow conditions. Concentration
discharged to baffled holding tanks.
(Receiving Stream Concentration) From Engineers Discussion, 2, B.
(Disch. ConclxiIWC%) (0.00290 x (100) = 0.00290 mg/1
100 100 •
M. Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following columns.
(Note that units should be mg/1). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
Organism TestDuation
Daphnia Migna 96 Hr.
FatheadMinnow 96 Hr

07/08/95 14:58 .3119 438 3937''":?
11 lc itiARNS,
[40081021
Facility Name :Harriet & HendersmYarns, Inc_ NPDES #: NC 500000 (50025'7)
SuPPiernedilddia-AllalYsil
If copper, aim, or chromium are present in the proposed biocidal compound, complete this .
worksheet A sepaiste form must be used for each metal and/or metal compound present in the
biocide. List the metal, its chemical formula, molecular weight (MW), formula weight (FW), and
the concentration of the metal compound in the biocide (MCC). Complete a separate form for
every metal present! in the biocide,
Metal chemical_Formula Molecular Weight or Metal &maga Weight Concernralion
Example
Copper Cu.S0451-120 63.546 ghnoles 249.6813 g/mole 0.2%
NA
Dosage rate of Biocide (DR) (from page 1):.
. DR =1 I grams/day
Average Daily Discharge (ADD) (from page 1):
ADD = I. minion gallons/day
Discharge Concentration (DC) of Biocide:
DC = DR
ADD ( million gallons(day)
Convert DC to micrizigrams/liter (ppb):
DC (ing/1) = (grarrnglion gal) x 1 x 106. rngf=
3.7$5 106 litersinuilion gaL
Calculate the fraction of metal in the metal -containing compound (MF):
MF . = • ( I gram/mole) =
Fw ( ! gram's/mole)
Calculate the fractiot of metal in the biocidal compound (BF):
BF = MF x MCC (%)
100 I x (100)
Calculate the concentration of metal in the discharge (M):
M=-DC x BF mg/1x mg/1
Calculate the instreain metal concentration (IMC) at low -flow conditions:
IMC = M xIWC(%) = mg/1 x %
100 ! 100 ,
Regulated limitation! of metal (floinbelow):
grams/million gallons
mg/1
NC General S 15A NCAC 28.0211 define:
Copper - 7 Ug/1 water quality action levelZinc - 50 ug/1 water quality action level
Chromium - 50 ug/1 water quality standard
(*Values which exceed action levels must be addressed directly by aquatic toxicity testing.)

07/06/95 14:58 12919 438 3937 H & H YARNS
IJ007/.021
Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns. Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
' Choose the lowest LCSO listed above:
Enter the LC50:.. 0.46 mg/1
Iftbe half life (H. L.) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation_
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50 = 0.023 mg/l
If the half life (H. L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following
calculation.
Regulated Limitation -0.01 x LC50 = NA mgll
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately
above and place in this blank:
0.023
mg/liter
From Part II enter the receiving stream concentration:
0.00290 mg/liter
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated limitation, then this

07/06/95 14:57 12919 438 3937
*YARNS Z003/ 021
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC..
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG600000 ..
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Putt
Bioaporse 261T
The tower loop is similar to the chilled water loop. Recirculating water is
pumped from a small sump, 5000 gallons, through the chiller condenser, through the
tower and back to the sump. All water pumped through this loop is returned except for
that portion evaporated. Make up is from the chilled water loop and from city water.
Condensation gains do not oca.ir in this loop. To maintain minimum cooling water
quality in this loop, water is blown down at, the maximum rate of 24,480 gallons/day.
Some residual biocide is added to this system by the chilled water blow down and an
additional 230 g/day maximum is added directly.
Blow down from the tower loop is discharged to a baffled 8,000 gallon holding
tank. After this holding tank, the water is discharged to the dry creek leading to Brown
Marsh Swamp.
To calculate the discharge concentration one must first calculate the discharge
concentration from the chilled water loop. This is best done using the method in form
101. The only difference is that the chilled water discharge is converted to grams/day
and added to the grams/day added directly to the tower loop_ (Steps A, B, C & D in the
- calculation that follows)
1) CALCULATION OF ACTIVE BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
A. CHILLED WATER LOOP: _
Capacity 2 0'i' gallons = 0.02 M gallons
Biocide Added
Biocide Half Life
Quantity Discharged
to tower loop
10,000 gallons - 0.01 MGD
DK=1IHLX0.69=16.42
DF = ADDNolume + DK = .01 MGD/0.02 MG + 16.42
=16.92
Discharge Concentration (to tower) - DR/((DF)(VOL)(3785)
= 9101(16.92)(0.02)(3785)= mg/I
(2)

07/06/95 14:57 tY919 436 3937 H & H YARNS
J 002/Q21
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC .
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
nminsED Nay 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 261T
Significant changes proposed include the removal of (4) four obsolete direct
contact air conditioning systems, the upgrading of (1) one system and the
installation of (2) two new systems. Advanced designs allow the chilled water
system volume to remain at 20,000 gallons. Also, the chiller tonnage is being
increased from 833 to 1711 tons with a resulting volume increase to 5000 gallons.
Worst case blow down from the chilled water system to the tower system is 10,000
gallons/day with a maximum biocide addition of 910 grams/day. Blow down from the
tower system to the permitted discharge is 24,480 gallons/day with a maximum
biocide addition of 230 grams/day plus residual from the chilled water system.
The cooling water system at the Bladen facility is the source of the water permitted
under NPDES. NCG50000(500257)_ Three steps are required to determine the
concentration of the biocide discharged to the surface. In order to understand these steps
a basic understanding of the entire system is necessary.
The system consists of two separate water circulation loops and holding capacity
at the end of the pipe. The holding tank at the end of the pipe is the source of the
discharge. The tower loop, see schematic attached, is the source of the biocide in the
hang tank. The chilled water loop contributes biocide to the tower loop. Also, biocide
is fed directly into the tower loop.
The chilled water loop is made up of a large sump, 20,000 gallons, with pumped
circuits to the chiller evaporator and to several air conditioning systems. It should be
noted that there is no blow down from any of these devices. All water pumped to them is
either evaporated or returned to the sump_ Any water condensed into these systems is
also returned to the sump. The sources of make up water for this loop is condensation
from the atmosp 'ty water. Biocide is added to this system at one point at a
maximum rate 9'10 g/day. Blow down containing some biocide residue is cascaded to
the tower loop at m rate of 10,000 gallonslday.
(1)

07/06/95 14:58 tr919 438 3937 H & H YARNS
00041021
HP.PRIET EIENDERSoN YARNS , flC .
• • ENGINEERING- DEPARTMENt
REVISED Kay 25, 1995
'ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
I NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINAL.NPDES PERMIT # 0081658
Madan Plant
Biosperse 261T
B. BIOCIDE CONTRIBUTED BY CHILLED WATER BLOW DOWN
1 '
(0.71Frig/J)(0.01 MGD) = Q.0071 lb/d
(0.0071 lb/d)(453.5924 = g/d
c. TOTAL 1316CIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
231i g/d + 3.22 g/d
D. DOSAGE RATE:
DRez233.22 d (use as DR In for 101 for tower loop)
Dictiarge from the tower loop can then be calculated using form 101
startling with the last line on the first page, section II.
233.22 g/d
(3)
'L / 40 I geob
I -e
to 1°1 61'

07/13/95 09:26 t919 438 3937 H & H YARNS
R1001/002
To: Melissa Rosebrock
Fax [phone]
From .•Argretta R. Turner
Date July 13, 1995
'Pages
From the desk of...
Arge9a R Turner
Corporate Engineer Secretary
Harriet & Henderson Yarns,' Inc.
P.O. Box789
Henderson, NC 27536
. [phone]
Fox (9I 9) 438-3937
2, including cover sheet
Ms. Rosebrocic,
Ann sending you page 4 of the biosperse 2 61 T
Engineers Discussion. Please call if I can be of further
assistance.
LAytor&L)

07/13/95 09:26 /2919 438 3937
H & H YARNS Q 002; 002
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS r
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISE May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000...
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
BiosperSe 261T
2) DISCHARGE FROM THE TOWER LOOP IS CALCULATED USING FORM 101
SECTION II.
From form 101, Disch. Conc. is 4.79 mgll @ 24,480 gaUday
Additional degradation of the biocide should be accounted for in the last •
calculation of part II for in stream concentration. The formula used in this step is "FC =
IC/2"' where "FC" is final concentration, "IC" is inlet concentration and "n" is number of
half lives dwell time_
A. ACTUAL STREAM CONCENTRATION (From form 101, it i5 determined that the
discharge concentration from the tower loop Is 4.79 mgll.)
A. RETENTION TIME AFTER TOWER DISCI-ARGE
Capacity -
Half Life
Flow Rate
8,000 Gallons = 0.008 M Gallons
0.042 days _
24480 GPD = 0.02448 MGD
Retention Time = (Capacity)/(Flow)
0.3267 days
V\(S..
n = (Retention)/(Half Life) - 7786 Half Lives
B. THEREFORE:
(FC) = (IC)/(2)"
(FC) = (0.578)l(2) = 0.0029
(Use in 101 form to calculate (Receiving Stream Concentration)
Richard M. Johnson, PE
j:lsysslmanlangrlwpfleslcorsp95\n ylbldn101.wpd
(4)

07/06/95 15:01 1 919 43& 3937-
I I
H & H YARNS
�1017/ 021
1 ,
Facility Name 'Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Supplemental Metais Analysis
If copper, zinc, or c1 romium are present in the pmposed biocidal compound, complete this
worksheet. A separate form must be used for each metal and/or metal compound present in the
biocide. List the metal, its chemical formula, molecular weight (MW), formula weight (FW), and
the concentration of 'the metal compound in the biocide (MCC). Complete a separate form for
every metal present in the biocide.
Meal • Chenimil Formula
Example !
Molecular Weight or Mil Formula Weight Concentration in Biocide
Copper CuSO45H O 63.546 g/mote _249.680 ghnole 0.2%
MA.
Dosage rate of Biocide (DR) (from page 1):
DR=
day
Average Daily 'Discharge (ADD) (from page 1):
ADD = ! million gallons/day
Discharge Concentrrtion (DC) of Biocide:
DC = DR (1 I grams/day) =
ADD ( 1 million gallons/day)
Convert DC to micrograms/liter (ppb):
DC (mg(1) = I !DC (grams/million gal) x 1.x 106 mg/g
3.785 x 10' liters/million gal.
Calculate the faction of metal in the metal -containing compound (MF):
MF=MW= (! grains/mole) .—
FW ( I i grams/mole)
Calculate the fraction of metal in the biocidal compound (BF):
BF= MPxMCC (%) =
.100 x (100)
Calculate the concentration of metal in the discharge (M):
M = DC x BF I mg/1 x
I
Calculate the instream metal concentration (IMC) at low -flow conditions:
IMC=MxIWC(%) = mg/Ix • %=
100 1 100
Regulated limitation of metal (from below): rng/1
grams/million gallons
NC General Statutes 15A NCAC 28.0211 define:
Copper - 7 Ug/1 water quality action levelZinc - 50 ug/I water quality action level
Chromium - 50 ug/1 water quality standard
(*Values which exceed action levels must be addressed directly by aquatic toxicity testing.)

07/06/95 15:00 I/919 438 3937
H & H YARNS U 016/ 021
Facility Name; Harriet & Henderson Yams. Inc NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LCSo: 24.8 mg/1
Ifibe half life (H. L_) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50 = 1.24 mg/l
If the half life H. L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform thefollowing
calculation_
Regulated Limitation - 0.01 x LC50 = NA mg/!
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately
above and place in this blank
1,24 mglliter
From Part 11 enter the receiving stream concentration:
0.0218 mg/liter
IV_ Analysis.
lithe receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated limitation, then this
�as�e.��
biocide is unacceptable for u " 7,,
itS,44.0S/041 q ika
Richard M. Johnso ! P ' sciv j AL IA
Name (Print) ' ,�'
"s "56 2
signatureM. io. Date
illaun is
Person in Responsibl - ' barge

t
07/06/95 15:00
Ii919 438 3937
H &. H" YARNS R1015/021
Facility Name: 1 Harriet & Henderson Yarns. Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Pitimit total volume of the water handling system between entry of biocidal product and
NPDES dirge point, On an attached sheet please provide justification for this
estimate (system volume, average cycles per blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume I 0.0005 million gallons
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter •
N/A_
What is the decay rate (D. K) of the product? If unknown, assure no decay (D. K. -0)
and proceed to asterisk. The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH
standard unit within handling system. Enter the•half fife (Half Life is the time required
for the initial! product to degrade to half of its oripal concentration). Please provide
Days \.\-( I ,1 -d
copies of the' soures of this data, se,(0,--it!Iti
H. L. = 01042 • R, /11,,,
'
The deday ratel is equal to _L x 0.69 16.43 = Decay Rate (D. K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D. F.). This is the first order loss coefficient.
(1i. D. D.) 0.02448
D. F. (yOurae) + (D. K) = ) 4^ (16.43)
r,no
, .
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Discharge COnc. (D. R.)
• (D. F.)(VolumeX3785) (21_33)(0.005)(3785)
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions. Concentration
discharged tria baffled holding tanks -
(Receiving Stream Concentration) From Engiiieers Discussion, 2, B.
(Disch. Cone) x (IWC%) = (0.0218) x (100) = 0:0218 me/
100 I 100
(39
11931.8) --- 1/2 mgll
III. Calculate jregulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following columns.
(Note that units should be mg/1). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
orglosm Test Duration LC50 (mg/1)
Fatheart_ivrirmow 96 Hr. 2 2m /644e)
Daphnia Magna 96 Hr

07/06/95 15:00 11,919 438 3937
H & H YARNS 0014/021
Facility Name:
Harriet & Henderson Yarns. Inc, NPDES #: NC 500000
Certificate of Coverage: 500257
OBS.124QL)22
Biocide/Chemical Treatment (Revised 5122195)
Worksheet Form 101
• • .
The following calculations are to be performed on any biocidal products ultimately discharged to
the surface waters of North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each
biocidal product in use. This worksheet is to be returned with all appropriate data entered into
the designated areas with calculations performed as indicated.
1. Facility Name Harriet & Henderson Yarns_ Inc_
NPDES # NC 500000 Cert. # 500257
County Bladen
Receiving Stream UT to Brown Marsh Swamp 7Q10 0 (ets)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge (A. D. D.) volume of the water handling
systems to the receiving water body?
A D. D. = .02448 ("m M. (1 D.) (Tower Looper Discharge)
- Please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge
using the data entered avove.
IWC = D_ D.) x 100 = (.02448) x 100 10094
(7Q10X0.646) ( 0 )(0.646) + (A, D. D.)
Ths value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during
flow conditions.
11. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the
discharge identified in Part TT
irikiatfarise----12404ThowDivision, Ashland Chemical)
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition: ,
2 2-D bromo-3-Nitrilo Propionamide (DBNPA) 5 %
rzt_
What feed or dosage rate (D. R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted
to grams of whole product used per day_
D. R. = 1931.8 grams/day (From 1, D in engineers discussion)

07/06/95 14:59 12919 438 3937
H&]iYARNS 0010/021
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC
ENGINEERING DEPART ENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION . ;.
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT 0 00/1558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 240
Significant changes proposed include the removal of (4) four obsolete direct
contact air conditioning systems, the upgrading of (1) one system and the
installation of (2)'two new systems. Advanced designs allow the chilled water
system volume! to remain at 20,000 gallons. Also, the. chiller tonnage is being
increased from 833 to 1711 tons with a resulting volume increase to 5000 gallons.
Worst case blow down from the chilled water system to the tower system is 10,000
gallons/day with. a maximum biocide addition of 7575 grams/day. Blow down from
the tower system to the permitted discharge is 24,480 gallons/day with a maximum
biocide addition of1905 grams/day plus residual from the chilled water system.
The cooling water system at the Bladen facility is the source of the water permitted
under NPDES NCG50000(500257)_ Three steps are required to determine the
concentration of the;biocide discharged to the surface. In order to understand these steps
a basic understanding of the entire system is necessary_
The system consists of two separate water circulation loops and holding capacity
at the end of the pipe. The -holding tank at the end of the pipe is the source of the
discharge. The tower loop, see schematic attached, is the source of the biocide in the
holding tank. The chilled water loop contributes biocide to the tower loop. Also, biocide
is fed directly into the tower loop.
The chilled water loop is made up of a large sump, 20,000 gallons, with pumped
circuits to the chiller evaporator and to several air conditioning systems. It should be
noted that there is no blow down from any of these devices. All water pumped to them is
either evaporated or returned to the sump. Any water condensed into these systems is
also retuned to,tha sump. The sources of make up water for this loop is condensation
from the atmosp :- •- and city water. Biocide is added to this system at one point at a
maximum rate • `V day. Blow down containing some biocide residue is cascaded
to the tower loop a, a maximum rate of 10,000 gallonsfday.
(1)

07/06/95 14:59
tt919 436 3937 H & H YARNS
I011/021
IIARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC .
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEVISED Kay 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000 ,
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500267
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT. # 0081558
®laden Plant
Bloopers° 240
The tower loop is similar to the chilled water loop. Recirculating water is
pumped from a small sump, 5000 gallons, through the chiller condenser, through the
tower and back to the sump. All water pumped through this loop is returned except for
that portion evaporated. Make up is from the chilled water loop and from city water.
Condensation gains do not occur in this loop_ To maintain minimum cooling water.
quality in this loop, water is blown down at the maximum rate of 24,480 gallonslday.
Some residual biocide is added to this system by the chilled water blow clown and an
additional 1905 g/day maximum is added directly.
Blow down from the tower loop is discharged to a baffled 8,000 gallon holding
tank. After this holding tank, the water is discharged to the dry creek leading to Brown
Marsh Swamp.
To calculate the discharge concentration one must first calculate the discharge
concentration erttration from the chilled water loop. This is best done using the method in form
101 _ The only difference is that the chilled water discharge is converted to grams/day
and added to the grams/day added directly to the tower loop. (Steps A, B, C & D in the
calculation that follows)
1) CALCULATION OF ACTIVE BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
A. CHILLED WATER LOOP:
Capacity • s o , _ allons = 0.02 M gallons
Biocide Added
Biocide Half Life 1-Hr = 0.042 days(@ ph=9.0, HL <20minutes)
Quantity Discharged
to tower loop
10,000 gallons = 0.01 MGD
DK = 1/HL X 0.69 =16.43
DF = ADDNolume + DK = .01 MGD/0.02 MG + 16.43
= 16.93
Discharge Concentration (to tower) = DR/((DF)(VOL)(3785)
= 7570/(16.93)(0.02)(3785)=59, mg/l
(2)

07/06/95 .14:59 '6'919 438 3937
- H & YARZ4.18.•
•
. .
:.• • .--: U012/021
HA RRIET & HENDERSON YARNS INC; .
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION coarriNuED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
' ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Braden Plant
• Blosperse 240_
B. BIOCIDE CONTRIBUTED BY CHILLED WATER BLOW DOWN
(5.91 mg/lX0.01 MGD) = 0.0591 Ib/d
(0.0591 Ib/d)(453.5924 g/lb) = 26.81q/d
c_ TOTAL BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
1905 g!d + 26.81 g!d 1937-1.-1g1
D. DOSAGE RATE:
• DR /4931.8 (use as DR in for 101 for tower loop)
Discharge from the tower loop can then be calculated using form 101
starting with the last line on the first page, section 11.
•
•
(3)

07/06/95 15:00 1,919 438 3937
H & H YARNS a013/021
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1.995
EXICIDSERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant .
Biosperse 240
2) DISCHARGE FROM THE TOWER LOOP IS CALCULATED USING FORM 101
SECTION II.
From form 101, Disch. Conc. is 4.79 mgfl 1A24,480 gallday
Additional degradation of the biocide should be accounted for in the last
calculation of part II for in stream concentration. The formula used in this step is "FC =
IC/2"" where "FC" is final concentration, "IC" is inlet concentration and "n" is number of
half lives dwell time.
A. ACTUAL STREAM CONCENTRATION (From form 101, it is determined that the
discharge concentration from the tower loop is 4.79 mg/!.)
A. RETENTION TIME AFTER TOWER -DISCHARGE
Capacity 8,000 Gallons = 0.008 M Gallons
Half Life 0.042 days _
Flow Rate 24480 GPD 0.02448 MGD
Retention Time = (Capaciity)/(Flow) 0.3288 days
n = (Retention)/(Half Life) = 7.78 Half Lives
B. THEREFORE:
(FC) = (IC)I(2)"
(FC) _ (4.79)(2)T8 = 0.0218
(Use in 101 form to calculate (Receiving Stream Concentration)
Richard M. Johnson, PE
tisyslmarAengnAlpilleaceisp951metbkin101.wpd
(4)

07/06/95 15:01 Q919 438 3937
137/Fr'i•'1703 13'UZI marl
H & H YARNS
FLIFIlond,DrOZW Rir 1t TO
1J020/021
17174=.)3n, r.64
WOW Nioaastrial MOW
4t4,1040 Ct#t1101. PC. ONO 04, PC.
One Dom Plsaa. Boob Ne Jamey O2005
Immilmsommia
ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
BIOSPEREEP 240
MicrobioGide
General
e1OSPERSE 210 miI2oDiydde is a paten. broad
sin= in
Cooling water systerrr;. Mb
Ersfircarnerdal Profile b desipnod to address com-
mas quondam about time impact d BIOSPERSE
mhtobieade on Ma ora3ronmant
Active ingredient
2.2-1,(BHPA) �c
Fish & Wildlife Studies
14,m Haar fir 13103PERCC 240:
Organism
Rainbow Trod
Fathead Minim
Dapleta Mafia
Rider Crab
Maw Shrimp
Asiatic Clam
Braddoh water cam
sherpshoul d rma
L0D, Oral for6IOSPERSE 240:
Orgargam
Naliard Duck Raw
(Female)
Cobadrits Ws)
yak)
LC.
20rmo
272 md[
230 MO
,1c0o -
40u mprt
2s
LDy
4.100 rntxio
4,320 mplfrq
3,320 mylra
&ow nova
Degradation Data
WOWS= 240 is dacredod by davated PFi,
to faro and a newborn/ atom Edna* wads
=Vat fldldaoohkas Rich as shells, bisunts, alma
fate and . BIOSPERSE 240 d radaa b
Cartoon Edda under mien:Nal attack Swap 11100
Coombs BtOSPERSE 240 wkly. mar 28 dais cf
excoaursto sunlight less than 1 gamut at tine seen
DBNPA in a tact solution of 80,000 ppm
6JOSPERSE 240 rerltairtan. .
MOO of Hyarclysis of BIOSPERSE 240 at 25°C:
pH Haim In Mimes
11.7
7,3 .
7.7
0.0
07
113
Detoxification
0.500
2220
b:S
0.4
Slice me hymoq+eis tx braalablrn of 1310SPERSE
240 b ircolaratod by deraDt.d pH and irrp«aeoro;
deterificebncanbaa edbyaim*gem
hiring to = im tOM ble do11ft if>e baler
biewidOsTI cc Mehl the onto =AM
tar bleed aaaam. ?hc wive 1n0++dtrt
EIDSPOISS148 is aloe detwerritaffid by macaw -
ragas sud1 Is suns. thlosulats and S i de
b form cyanoac*ii de which is babylcsayt swam.
I ,
Eia tostand tralworkalA LP..44,uwdOrOrwYliariiOA4teL
Y WOMWU .J.,.-PM%MY phsgraabrae w.ft...r»n.avw by wane SA .,. Mg O lfa WWI as a giunw. arm linannly
a Indira many* aAndw+ds+roi brow I..weeds, moms. ...Ien+rnno taMOM lor *Amw+k..rs,way v�
'ma limy .n ae... - b..w. N.,.r.r.�...:,,a,upr.. re ,.,rrr�.oti BYiM,enls R MOM"vd�'■qWWI° o,° I,q
./.O.. //064 /e/'�"rr.' a r�ety /Am vat ow, a Ma al Wong ninmenedni and A cpl1 Qaao.s
It/ NIII/rw
%el MUM CM**, k Air 4 a Abame. Mad II USA.
TOTAL P.04
cwT-E1,41

07/06/95 15:01 '14'919 438 3937 11 ac n YEuuv0 -
VIWILIC:.e17T., 1s:W;:i F7371 Fish 1arid: DIu Um- 1% TO
101-Q43oza , r. EYc
MIN dal DiViSiell
i AN INC. , low .
��r
Nitel
BIOSPERSP 261 T
Mlicrobiocide
General
SSE' 231 T tDb+oclda is a Grad•
NUM andrniumblel induct designed epoid0ially fot
ccinls t of belle isl.' fungal snot al l lama m irate-
hial rechtelffigi ming water systems.
BIMPERS26111s aged retnblocide whim
.berates Etryp ' said. hypochbious sell and
when ereehMid in War_ This
PfOniat9 CIROF113d 10 addreas Cannon
questions about, the impact of BIOSPERSE
selciablockie en the environment.
Active Ingredlent
1-$e011'0bYt-Ilyd2f taint 92.5%
Fish & Wildlife Studios
LDS end LC®. 9644Ot= Data tor
Dephmia Magna
Rakes'« Trout
Fathead Minx*
*ass Shrimp
Shogagivoad Minnow
Rat
LC
•
Ws, OR
L/p 2.Irri I
LC, 13.0 atgl
ID, 20.0
LC, 640 rrgf
LD_ 1390 rtiorbo
ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
Leito Wilour Data tat 5 thyihydaniold
Lag
MOM Maggie
Rainbow T
— Fathead ?Arrow
Gnats Stirkr
Sheepst»d Minnow
Aznyitan r'
1300 mot
0100 erip+t
8100 mg+t,
1270017104
1330D mgi
14200 nil
LC. Deaa10r Hypobr0mou3 Add
Daptrda Mara
Dm" Smash
Rainbow T
ebeepshead Minnow
Was, 24-Hato'
Mir
LC,p, 96-Haar
LC„, 98•Hotir
1.00 96-14aur
Leer �6-irocu
BEd
1.05 mgA
6.71 m61
0.52 MO
0.23 rnp1
0.19 m91
11.17 ni d
Degradation Data
-rho nor+-1 xie (Wig:coated by-Droduct of
SIQSPERSE 281T, 5,54hethyltiydantain. is biode-
wadablesewage s a9 14 Of
ofAI1ds,sspag 1ecarbon-14 had haw =moot
carbon dm*,
Under the teat amai :ins. the datudacena tad by
prodret d EIOSPERSE 261T dagrad6t1 rapidly with
ro *Aiwa toda efecle upon the teat OiVellirm
ININFeRSE is a loiseree saiseiviel atAatcort (.P.. kx . �r+r Onirok dji 1 r%Wan.
• amp.P++ rhrwres"a.on.. row" """'�'...- e.. 4..e»r.erne..ebib UAW bba4sae°'.m Ingmy r�
or..+r io+dMIN•fwr& kyM wow try Wow Di
mon. .a p;aow► .aM712144--
w ain
ao .�..o airy NIM s= w tba as y n.i Ile II 1 rs gglircebberb rd f/i na mm�mMobbb r u wwy...r �^y •
..� �r.w, .NN..,�e, e..m...n b'frf w larl tJi9 � MM at PM
I
esi rsa_ns
atrit A tal'lfag. rim Ali Rd* Nererval. MBA.

07/06/95 15:01 t2919 438 3937
07,06,1995 13:29 FROri
H & H YARNS .
Fishland/DREW-Carlt TO
1019/021
15194383937 P.83
Hypobromotts and hypoditar s acid can degrade by
reading with organics 10 form h6lo enated by.and acutely loxiOtO Wag InaniOnIL
Hypo0romous add dills's ftom hypochbrcos acid in
that btnminated aggress degrade much clicker Inv,
chi:tinaled organics. For example, brornoromt has a
Wife of 15 days compared' wilt 50 days for
chbrnionn. A seeded, enierobie culture Or 160
ppb of liromktsbd tiabniethane depradedtd less
than 0.1 ppb yt.leas anal two weetce. When 157 ppb
of tritefome pane wag run u*q the
same method. 117 ppb remained aft& Mc weeks.
Brom:benzenedegrades In 17100 of the time 01
chbtobsraarie_
Detoxification
If a spm of the tel CCMrs. city tablets can simply
be collected and used If a solution of BtOSPERSE
261T is spiced the hypobromous and hypodrigous
BM can be dulled by ► addling a date
scion of a reducing spentsuch as scidium
merablauSte or sodium bye.
1 rtant in#o oration - This Environmental Frogs is'designed to address
common questions sboutthe two% of.
BtOSPERM* 261T microbtocide on the a wirom
rr i and is rota eubehlitto for the product's
Melons, Safely Data Shoat.
Ikea irsailsing Malarial Safety► Data Sheets on a1
of is products. [I+ elo* Safety Data Sheets
ccresin health aid safely Infermatt41 for your
etipmera of appropriati piccluct hanrfic
inCedur+e010 protect youratirbyees and m-
oment*
Our Material Safety Data Sheets should be read
and understood &I as of yOur racervisory per'son-
nai and empty eesbeto a using Mein produce
in ywr facilities. 1

CHILLER
EVAPEIRATEIRS
CITY WATER
BIOCIDE
A
E&000 GALLON
RE240 1L
Oa141ROCT
DIO <2.2 pBRW4J, 3-11TR1LDPPI NA C DY 1)510 Gib 1903 ti/D
CHILLER
CD/CENSERS
BLOWIlOWN
HVAe .---
CHILLED VATER
LOOP
IOA00 &DAY
CITY WATER
BIEICIDE
9
5,000 GALLIN
BL.OVDOVN
TOVIER HATER
LEOP
OPERATIONAL SCHEMATIC
NCG500257
N,m00 G/DAY
BAF FLED
FIELDING TANK
7,000
DISCHARGE
84.400 G/DAY
c
c
r
a
c
c
c
a
c

07/06/95 15:02 15'919 438 3937
ET eGrlDb5 13145 ran
H & H YARNS
Ashland"DFCI Chr1t TO
1D1443O3D.37 r.02
e1021/021
Table 10.
Oxidant dey,1 messered as total rcsiduel Wens *Tavola=
Ogq. 'TRO) in fsesb WM and 20 ppc salt water upon the addaioe of
e 1 dna, and pie: t.i tuna t c sugaiginatricamount far HaBr.
Taut
(+)
TRO TRQ
6g4/1#1 114 (/[l
0
ft
Detan I TRO TRO
Tug
(min) DAMN uq DiteltLi
q� + Neat
5'
90
170
FRESH WATER
0
25.35 t3r 3.213
?1.1I .,
I
MEI
13.15
380 9.01 : 2.198 360
rars
3.?33
1735
• These a t cn are fined to a nro phsee fort cyder model and platted in
Rpm 1 Mob wizen and Flare 2 (sue water).
Page 35ciea
TOTFL P. 02
13,16/��
12,6-7
zf 2. Phi
//,z7.
•
i

State of -North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
June 14, 1995
MEMORANDUM
To: Melissa Rosebrock, Aquatic Toxicology
From: Susan Robson, Permits and Engineerin
Subject: Request for Biocide Review
Harriet and Henderson Yarns, Inc.
Bladen County
NPDES: NCG500257
,2104a
IC) EHNF�
5 b nisi l la)
Attached please find Biocide 101 Worksheets and supporting information for the subject
facility. We arelrequesting that you review and comment on these worksheets.
Thank you for your help in this matter.
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535•
An Equal Opportdnity Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

Wtg2.1A 1
HARRIET & HENDERSON
YARNS 1 c.
P.O. BOX 789
HENDERSON, NORTH CAROLINA 27536
TELEPHONE [phone] • [phone]
FAX [phone]
June 5, 1995
North Carolina. Department of Environment,
Health, and Natural: Resources
Division of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
Attention: Mr. Dale Overcash, P.E.
Dear Mr. Overcash,
I
Following up oh 9 r recent convgrsation about the expansion of our Bladen Plant
t
in Clarkton, North Cerolir a,La-ersing two sets of 101 calculations. As discussed, we
are replacing most of the production machinery in the subject facility and at the same time
modernizing our HVAC systems. To cover the new production loads we are increasing the
tonnage from 833.to 1i711. However, we are simply replacing what is with the same thing
only larger. We are.irideed doubling the manufacturing space and increasing employment
by 50%. At that time you indicated that if we were not changing the treatment process, but
only increasing the size, that only the 101 calculations should be required, rather than a
full new permit appliction. To that end, I am enclosing the 101 calculations and engineers
discussion for Biosperse 261T, the currently approved biocide applied to the modified
system.
I have also included 101 calculations and an engineers discussion for an alternate
biocide, Drewsperse 240. We do this in order to have an alternate biocide in our arsenal
should there ever be an upset involving 261T. We should point out that 240 is permitted=
as an alternate in every other North Carolina Harriet & Henderson Plant. We are asking
that we be allowed to use this biocide at Bladen also, as a back up. If approval of 240 at
Bladen requires that we prepare a full permit application please ignore this paragraph. We
will continue to operete with only one biocide.
Burlington, NC (919) 228-I 897
Hickory, NC• [phone]
SALES OFFICES
Fort Payne, AL [phone]
Yardley, PA [phone]
Berryton, GA [phone]
New York, NY [phone]

Page 2
June 5, 1995
Mr. Dale Overcash
We do not object to making a new application nor the fees involved. What we can
not live with right now is the delay. We need to get the new air conditioning systems on
line to support the new production capacity being installed and can not operate these
systems without proper water treatment.
If we can provide any information that would assist you in reviewing this request,
please call. Thank you in advance for your cooperation.
Sincerely,
Richard M. Johnso", PE
Enclosures
c: Sam Brummitt, H & H Yarns, Inc.
Mike Inscoe, H & H Yarns, Inc.
Roger Jessup, H & H Yarns, Inc.
Toby Wood, Drew Chemical
Stan Mauldin, Drew Chemical
0605dj3

PRODUCT NAME A
BIOSPERSE 261T Cl-BROMO, 3-CHLORO, 5.5 DIMETHYDANTAIN 910 G/D 230 G/D
BIOSPERSE 240 C2,2-DIBROMO, 3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA)) 7570 G/D 1905 G/D
CHILLER CHILLER
EVAPORATORS CONDENSERS
CITY WATER
BIOCIDE.
A
20,000 GALLON
BLOWDOWN
HVAC
-ISYSTEMS
full -
CHILLED "WATER
LOOP
10,000 G/DAY
CITY WATER
BIOCIDE
B
5,000 GALLON
BAFFLED
HOLDING TANK
•
BLOWDOWN
--ITOWERSf-
TOWER WATER
LOOP •
OPERATIONAL SCHEMATIC
NCG500257.
24,480 G/DAY
r.
DISCHARGE.
24,480 G/DAY
rTl rueur,ursnn�a7

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT# 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 240
Significant changes proposed include the removal of (4) four obsolete direct
contact air conditioning systems, the upgrading of (1) one system and the
installation of (2)1 two new systems. Advanced designs allow the chilled water
system volume to remain at 20,000 gallons. Also, the chiller tonnage is being :;
increased from 833 to 1711 tons with a resulting volume increase to 5000allons:- _. .
Worst case blow down from the chilled. watersystern the_tower system is '10,000 =4=
gallons/day with a maximum biocide additionEVf 7575 grams/day. Blow down
•
the tower system t , he -permitted discharge is 24;480 °gallons/day with a maximum
biocideadditionof11905 grams/day plus residual from the chilled water system. '
The cooling weter-system at the Bladen facility is the source of the water permitted
under NPDES NCG50000(500257). Three steps are required to determinethe
concentration of the biocide. discharged to the surface. In order to understand these steps
a basic understanding of the entire system is necessary.
The system consists of two separate water circulation loops and holding capacity
at the end of the pipe. The holding tank at the end of the pipe is the source of the
discharge. The tower loop, see schematic attached, is the source of the biocide in the .
holding tank.. The chilled water loop contributes biocide to the tower loop. Also, biocide.
isfed directly into the tower loop.
The chilled,water loop is made up of a large sump, 20,000 gallons, with pumped
circuits to the chiller evaporator and to several air conditioning systems. It should be
noted that there is no blow down from any of these devices. All water pumped to them is
either evaporated orreturned to the sump. Any water condensed into these systems is
also returned to the sump. The sources of make up water for this loop is condensation
from the atmosphere and city water. Biocide is added to this system at one point at a
maximum rate of 7575 g/day. Blow down containing some biocide residue is cascaded
to the tower loop at a maximum rate of 10,000 gallons/day.
1
(1)

_HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
, REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000 -
CERTIFICATE .OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 240
The tower loop is similar to the chilled water loop. Recirculating water is
pumped from a small sump, 5000 gallons, through the chiller condenser, through the .
tower and back to the sump. All water pumped through this loop is returned except for
that portion evaporated. Make up is from the chilled water loop and from city water.
Condensation gains do not occur in this loop. To maintain minimum cooling -water
quality in this loop, water is blown down at the maximum rate of 24,480 gallons/day.
Some residual biocide is added to this'system by the chilled water blow down and an
additional 1905 g/day maximum is added directly.
Blow down from the tower loop is discharged to a baffl d 4, 0 gallon holding
tank. After this holding tank, the water is discharged to the dre. el leading to Brown
Marsh Swamp.
To calculate the discharge concentration one must first calculate the discharge
concentration from the chilled water loop. This is best done using the method in form
101. The only difference is that the chilled water discharge is converted to grams/day
and added to the grams/day added directly to the tower loop. (Steps A, B, C & Din the
calculation that follows.)
1) CALCULATION OF ACTIVE BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP,
A. CHILLED WATER LOOP:
Capacity
Biocide Added
Biocide Half Life
Quantity Discharged
to tower loop
20,000 gallons = 0.02 M gallons
7570 g/d
1 Hr = 0.042 days(@ ph=9.0, HL <20minutes)
10,000 gallons = 0.01 MGD
DK=1/HLX0.69=16.43
DF = ADDNolume + DK = .01 MGD/0.02 MG + 16.43
= 16.93
Discharge Concentration (to tower) = DR/((DF)(VOL)(3785)
= 7570/(16.93)(0.02)(37.85)=5.91 mg/I
(2)

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC .
; ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995 .
ENGINEERS. DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558 •
Bladen Plant
1 Biosperse 240
B. BIOCIDE CONTRIBUTED BY CHILLED WATER -BLOW DOWN,-
-
(5.91 mg/I)(0.01 MGD) = 0-.0591 Ib/d
(0.0591 1Ib/d)(453.5924`g/Ib)=26.81g/d
c. TOTAL BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
1905 g/d + 26:81 g/d = 1931-.8 g/d
• I
D.' DOSAGEI RATE:
DR =1931.8 g/d (use as DR in for 101 for tower loop).
Discharge from the tower loop can then be calculated using form 101
starting with the last line on the first page, section II.
(3)

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,. INC.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May-25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant '
Biosperse 240
2) DISCHARGE FROM THEJTOWER LOOP IS CALCULATED USING FORM 101
SECTION II.
From form 101, Disch. Conc. is 0.578 mg/I a§ 24,480 gal/day
Additional degradation of the biocide should be accounted for in the last
calculation of part II for in stream concentration. The formula used in this step is "FC =
IC/2"" where "FC" is final concentration, "IC" is inlet concentration and "n" is number of
half lives dwell time.
A. ACTUAL STREAM CONCENTRATION (From form 101, it is determined that the
discharge concentration from the tower loop is 4.79 mg/I.)
A. RETENTION TIME AFTER TOWER DISCHARGE
Capacity (, 0 Gallons= 0.004 M Gallons
Half Life 0-4 _
Flow Rate 24480 GPD = 0.02448 MGD
Retention Time = (Capacity)/(Flow) = 0.1 days
n = (Retention)/(Half Life) =
B. THEREFORE:
(FC) = (IC)/(2)" 1.
Half Lives
(n%
(FC) = (4.79)/(2)3..ss = 0.323
(Use in 101 form to calculate (Receiving Stream Concentration)
Richard M. Johnson, PE
j:\sys\man\engr\wpfilestcorsp95\may\bldn101.wpd
(4)

Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NCG 500000
BS-240
Biocide/Chemical Treatment
Worksheet Form`101
The following calculations are to be performed on any .biocidal products ultimately discharged to
the surface waters of North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each
biocidal product in use. This worksheet is to be returned with all appropriate data entered into
the designated areas with calculations performed as indicated.
1. Facility Name' Harriet & Henderson Yarns; Inc.
NPDES # NCI 500000 Cert. # 500257
County Bladen
Receiving Stream UT to Brown Marsh Swamp 7Q10 0 (cts)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Ayerage Daily Discharge (A. D. D.) volume of the water handling
systems to the receiving water body?
A. D. D. = .02448 (in M. G. D.) (Tower Loop Discharge)
Please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge
using the data. entered above.
IWC = (A. D. D) x 100 = (.02448) x 100
(7Q10)(0.646) ( 0 )(0.646) + (A. D. D.)
= 100%
• This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during
flow conditions.
II. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the
discharge identified in Part I?
Biosperse 240 (Drew Division, Ashland Chemical)
Please list the 'active ingredients and percent composition:
2, 2 - D, bromo - 3 - Nitrilo Propionamide.
(DBNPA) 5 %
%
What feed or dosage rate (D. R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted
to grams of whole product used per day.
D. R. = 1931.8 grams/day (From 1, D in engineers discussion)

Facility Name:
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Estimate total volume of the water handling system between entry of biocidal product and
NPDES discharge point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this
estimate (system volume, average cycles per blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume = 00005 million gallons
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter
N/A. 9+/-
What is the decay rate (D. K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D. K. -0)
and proceed to asterisk. The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH
standard unit within handling system. Enter the half life (Half Life is the time required
for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please provide
copies of the sources of this data.
H. L. = 0.042 Days
The deday rate is equal to 1 x 0.69 16.43 = Decay Rate (D. K.)
H. L.
Calculate degradation factor (D. F.). This is the first order loss coefficient.
(A. D. D.) (0.02448)
D. F. = (Volume) + (D. K.) _ ( 0.005 ) + (16.43) = 21.33
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Discharge Conc. (D. R.) _ (1931.8) = 4.79 mg//
(D. F.)(Volume)(3785) (21.333)(0.005)(3785)
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions. Concentration
discharged to baffled holding tanks.
(Receiving Stream Concentration) From Engineers Discussion, 2, B.
(Disch. Conc.) x (IWC%) = (.323) x (100) = 0.323 mg/l
100 100
III. Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data 'available for the whole product according to the following columns.
(Note that units should be mg/l). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
Organism Test Duration LC50 (mg//)
Fathead Minnow 96 Hr. 27.2 mg/l
Daphnia Magna 96 Hr. 24.8 mg/l

Facility Name :Harriet &Henderson Yarns, Inc. . NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Supplemental Metais Analysis
If copper, zinc, or chromium are present in the proposed biocidal compound, complete this
worksheet. A separate form must be used for each metaland/or metal compound present in the
biocide. List the metal, its chemical formula, molecular weight (MW), formula weight (FW), and
the concentration of the metal compound in the biocide (MCC). Complete a separate form for
every metal present in the biocide.
Metal Chemical Formula Molecular Weight or Metal Formula Weight Concentration in Biocide
Example
Copper CuSO45H2O 63.546 g/mole 249.680 g/mole 0.2%
NA
Dosage rate of Biocide (DR) (from page 1):
DR = grams/day
Average Daily Discharge (ADD) (from page 1):
ADD = million gallons/day
Discharge Concentration (DC) of Biocide:
DC = DR = ( grams/day) =
ADD ( million gallons/day)
grams/million gallons
Convert DC to micrograms/liter (ppb):
DC (mg/1) = DC (grams/million gal) x 1 x 106 mg/g = mg/1
3.785 x 106 liters/million gal.
Calculate the fraction ;of metal in the metal -containing compound (MF):
MF = MW = ( 1 ' grams/mole) =
FW ( grams/mole)
Calculate the fraction ,of metal in the biocidal compound (BF):
BF = MF x MCC (%) = % =
100 x (100)
Calculate the concentration of metal in the discharge (M):
M=DCxBF mg/lx = mg/1
Calculate the instreani metal concentration (IMC) .at low -flow conditions:
IMC = M x IWC(%) = mg/1 x
100
Regulated limitation of metal (from below): mg/1
100
_
NC General Statutes 15A NCAC 28.0211 define:
Copper - 7 Ug/l ;water quality action levelZinc - 50 ug/1 water quality action level
Chromium - 50 ug/l water quality standard
(*Values which exceed action levels must be addressed directly by aquatic toxicity testing.)

Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50:' 24.8 mg/1
lithe half life (H. L.) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50 = 1.24 mg/1
If the half life (H. L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following
calculation.
Regulated Limitation - 0.01 x LC50 = NA mg/1
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately
above and place in this blank:
1.24 mg/liter
From Part II enter the receiving stream concentration:
0.323 mg/liter
IV. Araly is.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated limitation, then this
biocide:is unacceptable fus
Richard M. Johnso
Name (Pri
Signature Date
Person in Responsible Charge

Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000
Certificate of Coverage: 500257
BS-261T
;Biocide/Chemical Treatment (Revised 5/22/95)
Worksheet Form 101
The following calculations are to be performed on any biocidal products ultimately discharged to
the :surface waters of North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each
biocidal product in wise. This worksheet is to be returned with all appropriate data entered into
the designated areas with calculations performed as indicated.
1. Facility Name , Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
NPDES # NC 500000 Cert. # 500257
County Bladen
Receiving Stream UT to Brown Marsh Swamp 7Q10 0 (cts)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge (A. D. D.) volume of the water handling
systems to the receiving water body?
A. D. D. = .02448 (in M. G. D.) (Tower Loop Discharge)
Please calculate Ithe Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge
using the data entered above.
IWC = (A. D. D.) x 100 = (.02448) x 100 = 100%
(7Q 10)(0.646) ( 0 )(0.646) + (A. D. D.)
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during
flow conditions. ,
II. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the
discharge identified in Part I?
Biosperse 261T (Drew Division, Ashland Chemical)
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition:
1 - bromo - 3 = chloro - 5.5 Dimethydantain 92.5 %
i
What feed or dosage rate (D. R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted
to grams of whole product used per day.
D. R. = 233.22 ! grams/day (From 1, D in engineers discussion)

Facility Name:
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (5002157)
Estimate total volume of the water handling system between entry of biocidal product and
NPDES discharge point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this
estimate (system volume, average cycles per blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume = 0.005 ,million gallons
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter
N/A. 9.0+/-
What is the decay rate (D. K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D. K. -0)
and proceed to asterisk. The degradation must be -stated at pH level within 1/2 pH
standard unit within handling system. Enter the half life (Ha f Life is the time required
for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please provide
copies of the sources of this data.
H. L. = 0.042 Days
The deday rate is equal to 1 x 0.69 16.43 = Decay Rate (D. K.)
H. L.
Calculate degradation factor (D. F.). This is the first order loss coefficient.
(A. D. D.) (0.02448)
D. F. = (Volume) + (D. K.) _ ( 0.005 ) + (16.43) = 21.33
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Discharge Conc. (D. R.) _ (233.22) = 0.578 mg/l
(D. F.)(Volume)(3785) (21.33)(0.005)(3785)
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions. Concentration
discharged to baffled holding tanks.
(Receiving Stream Concentration) From Engineers Discussion, 2, B.
(Disch. Conc.) x (IWC%) = (0.0390) x (100) = 0.0390 mg/l
100 100
III. Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following columns.
(Note that units should be mg/1). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
Organism Test Duration
Daphnia Magna 48 Hr.
Fathead Minnow 56 Hr.
LC50 (mg/1)o
mil. m / �.�5

Facility Name :Harriet'& Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Supplemental Metais Analysis
If copper, zinc, or chromium are present in the proposed biocidal compound, complete this
worksheet. A separate lform must be used for each metal and/or metal compound present in the
biocide. List the metal; its chemical formula, molecular weight (MW), formula weight (FW), and
the concentration of the metal compound in the biocide (MCC). Complete a separate form for
every metal present in the biocide.
Metal Chemical Formula Molecular Weight or Metal Formula Weight Concentration in Biocide
Example
Copper CuSO45H2O 63.546 g/mole 249.680 g/mole 0.2%
NA
Dosage rate of Biocide (DR) (from page 1):
DR = grams/day
Average Daily Discharge (ADD) (from page 1):
ADD = .million gallons/day
Discharge Concentration (DC) of Biocide:
DC = DR = ( grams/day) = grams/million gallons
ADD ( million gallons/day)
Convert DC to micrograms/liter (ppb):
DC (mg/1) = DC (grams/million gal) x 1 x 106 mglg = mg/1
3.785 x 106 liters/million gal.
Calculate the fraction i finetal in the metal -containing compound (MF):
MF = MW = ( ! grams/mole) . _
FW ( grams/mole)
Calculate the fraction of, metal in the biocidal compound (BF): .
BF = MF x MCC (%) - % =
100 , 1 x (100)
Calculate the concentration of metal in the discharge (M):
M=DCxBF • mg/lx = mg/1
Calculate the instream metal concentration (IMC) at low -flow conditions:
IMC = M x IWC(%) ; _' ' mg/1 x
_
100 100
Regulated limitation of metal (from below): mg/1
NC General Statutes 15A NCAC 28.0211 define:
Copper - 7 Ug/1 water quality action levelZinc - 50 ug/1 water quality action level
Chromium - 50 ug/1 water quality standard
(*Values which exceed action levels must be addressed directly by aquatic toxicity testing.)

Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 500000 (500257)
Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 1.24 mg/l
Ifthe half life (H. L.) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50 = 0.062 mg//
If the half life (H. L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following
calculation.
Regulated Limitation - 0.01 x LC50 = NA mg/l
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately
above and place in this blank:
0.062 ) mg/liter
From Part II enter the receiving stream concentration:
0.0390
mg/liter
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated limitation, then this
biocide is unacceptable r e.
Richard M. Johnso , P. E.
Name (Print)
0/f.5
Signature Date
Person in Responsible Charge

Ashland Chemical
wassamw
•
Drew Industrial Divisions
July 11, 1995
Ashland Chemical Company Address Reply:
Division of 9401-3 Scuthern Pine Blvd.
Ashland Oil, Inc. Charlotte, NC 28273
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
RECEIVED
►� �i 1 21995i
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
no) ,nu
' I _
Ms. Melissa Rosebrock
N.C. DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENT,
HEALTH, & NATURAL RESOURCES
4401 Reedy Creek Rd.
Raleigh, .NC 27607
Dear Melissa:
Attached is the information regarding bromine (Biosperse 261T). Page 35 of
69 is where we derive the half-life of 60 minutes for this product in freshwater
applications. >
I hope you find this information useful. If you have any questions, please give
me a call at [phone].
Cordially,
ASHLAND CHEMICAL CO.
Drew Industrial Division
5144. H44144. i4,,
Stan Mauldin
District Manager,
it
:Iw
Attachment
Headquarters: Telex: 136444
One Drew Plaza Fax: [phone]
Boonton, NJ 07005
Ashland Chemical's ; [phone]
Commitment to
Quality and Productivity
A Resporsble Care'
Ccr. oany

07/08/95 14:57-
12919 438 3937 H & H YARNS.
1?1001; 021
facsimile
TRANSMITTAL
Melissa Rosebrock
fax #: [phone]
re: 101 Calculations Biosperse 261T and Biosperse 240
date ruiy 6, 1995 0
pages Twenty One (21), including cover sheet.
Melissa,
Any Enclosing completely updated Engineers Discussion and Work Sheets 101 for
Both Biocides referenced above. Per our discussion, the holding tank (two tanks in
series) is of 8,000 gallons capacity. The only other change I made was to assume an
LC50 for 261T of i0-46 mg/1 which is consistent with the documentation attached
and consistent with other permits we now hold in North Carolina.
I will be out of touch for a week but will be calling in daily. Please feel free to
leave a message or my line or contact my secretary, Argretta Turner at 430-5278 about any questions. Thanks you in advance for working with us on this. Project_
Dick Johns •. - r
i J
cc. Stan Maldi�n, Chemicals 1
704-529-62611
.0706dj1
From the desk of...
Richard M. Johnson. PE
Corporate Engineer
Harriet &Henderson Yams. Inc.
Box 789
Henderson, N. C. 27536
[phone]
Fac [phone]

RECEIVED
JUL 1 2 1995'.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
THE RELATIVE TOXICITIES OF CONTINUOUS AND INTERMITTENT
EXPOSURES OF CHLORINE AND BROMINE TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS
.'Prepared for
The Sodium Bromide/Bromine Chloride Industry Panel
Prepared by
Leonard H. Bongers, Ph.D
B&B Environmental Services, Inc.
Baltimore, Maryland 21229`:
Dennis T. Burton, Ph.D
Daniel J. Fisher, Ph.D
The Johns Hopkins University
Applied Physics Laboratory
Shady Side, Maryland 20867
May 1991
Page 1 of 69

FOREWORD
The study was initiated at the request of The Sodium Bromide/Bromine Chloride
Industry Task Force under contract to B & B Environmental Services, Inc. on October 10,
1990. _
The test program was performed in accordance with the "Protocol for Testing of the
Effects of Sodium Bromide on the Toxicity of Chlorine to Fresh and Saltwater Organisms,"
(Appendix B) and as amended by Protocol Amendment #1 (Appendix. C). The Test
Protocol and -Amendment #1 were agreed upon by The Sodium Bromide/Bromine Chloride
Industry Task Force, U.S. EPA, and B & B Environmental Services, Inc. The only deviation
from the Test Protocol is the expression of oxidant as keq/L rather than µg/L oxidant in
the report. The rationale for expressing the oxidants as iceq/L rather than pg/L oxidant is
given in the report.
In addition to the test program specified above, a program was developed by L.
Bongers and W. Furth (included as Appendix .A), designed to estimate the relative
environmental impacts resulting from the application of chlorine and bromine for fouling
control.
The undersigned certify that the test program was performed in accordance with the
Test Protocol and Protocol Amendment #1.
•
Program Management: Date:
Fi/
Leonard H. Bongers,Ph.D.
Dennis T. Burton, Ph.D.
Daniel J. Fisher Ph.D.'
Page 2 of 69

ABSTRACT
Sodium bromide can be used to convert hypochlorous acid into hypobromous acid.
.Simultaneous addition of sodium bromide and chlorine to water used for powerplant
condenser cooling ,could significantly reduce chlorine application rates becausebromine
oxidants are generated and considered more effective for controlling biofouling than
chlorine oxidants.
Since such a change in biofouling control strategy could impact the environment, the
biotoxicity characteristics of bromine oxidants were evaluated in terms of LCSO values. In
order to ascertain potential effects of residual bromine oxidants on the environment, decay
properties of bromine oxidants were compared to chlorine oxidants.
It was found that in four of six species tested, the bromine oxidants were about twice
as toxic as the chlorine oxidants, while for two species the difference in toxicity was five fold.
For continuous exposure to bromine oxidants,. the 48-h LCSO for daphnids and the 96-h
LCSO for amphipods could not be calculated because significant mortality occurred at the
oxidant quantitation limit.
Oxidant decay properties were significantly different as well. Bromine oxidants
decayed two to five times faster than chlorine oxidants.
Biotoxicity and chemical findings are in general agreement with data published
previously.
Present data suggest that environmental benefits may result from the simultaneous
application of sodium bromide with chlorine for biofouling control as compared to the
application of chlorine without sodium bromide.
Preliminary, computations based on present data -indicate that these environmental
benefits may be significant. The anticipated environmental benefits are attributable to the
relatively rapid chemical decay of the bromine oxidants and also to the relatively lower
amount of biocide needed for the same degree of biofouling control. Further details are
given in Appendix,A.
.Page 3of.6.9-.

•
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
TEST MATERIALS
- Test Species
- Test Compounds "
- Dilution Water .................................
Page
2
3
8-9
10-15
10-11
10
10
11
TEST METHODS
- Treatment Conditions 4-15
11
- Exposure System
- Exposure Protocol 12
- Measurements of Oxidant Concentration 13
- Measurements of Oxidant Decay Rates 14
- Ammonia Measurements 14
15
III. RESULTS
CHLORINE AND BROMINE TOXICITIES
16-18
16-17
DECAY OF CHLORINE AND BROMINE INDUCED
OXIDANTS
18
IV. DISCUSSION
19-20
V. LITERATURE CITED
21-22
TABLES
23-38
FIGURES
39.-40
Page 4:of 69

APPENDICES
A. Relative Environmental Impact Estimates for. Chlorine and
Bromine Used For the Control of Biofouling Condenser Cooling
Systems
B. Protocol for the Testing of the Effects of Sodium Bromide
on the Toxicity of Chlorine to Fresh and Saltwater Organisms
C. Protocol Amendment #1,
J
Page 5 of 69

LIST OF TABLES
Table
1 Information on organisms used in testing
2 Mean water. quality (±SD) for the chlorine studies-
3 Mean water quality (±SD) for the chlorine NaBr study 25
4 Toxicity of chlorine and bromine on freshwater and saltwater animals 26
Page
23
5 Chlorine TRO concentrations
the mean (±SD)(gg/L chlorine TRO) expressed as
of all measurements made during the test
period for each treatment
6 Bromine TRO concentrations in (ug/L bromine TRO) expressed in
the mean (±SD) of all measurements made during the test period
for each treatment
7 Free available oxidant and total residual oxidant (values in
parenthesis) in. chlorine test expressed as u/L chlorine oxidants
8 Free available oxidant and total residual oxidant (values in
parenthesis) in chlorine test expressed as µg/L bromine oxidants
9 FAO, measured during the ammonia exposures as gg/L chlorine
or bromine
10 Oxidant decay, measured as total residual oxidant equivalents in
freshwater and 20 ppt saltwater upon the addition of chlorine, and
chlorine plus 1.5 times the stoichiornetric amount of NaBr
11 Oxidant decay, measured as total residual oxidant (TRO)
equivalents in freshwater
24
28
30
32
33
34•
35
36 •
12 Oxidant decay, measured as total residual oxidant (TRO)
equivalents in 20 ppt saltwater
37
13 Estimates of the relative environmental impact on a freshwater
stream resulting from the treatment of cooling water by
chlorination in the presence and the absence of sodium bromide
..Page 6 of. 69
38

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page.
1 Oxidant decay as geq TRO in freshwater ............. .
39
2 Oxidant decay as geq TRO in saltwater
40
Page 7 of 69

I. INTRODUCTION
Chlorination by wastewater treatment plants and POTWs to eliminate the discharge'
of pathogenic organisms and the use of chlorine by electric utilities to inhibit biofouling are
widespread practices. Laboratory research has shown, however, that chlorine -induced
oxidants are toxic to both freshwater and saltwater aquatic organisms. Due to the relatively
slowdecay rate of these oxidants, they may be toxic to aquatic life when discharged into
receiving waters.
The use of sodium bromide in conjunction with chlorine has been proposed as an
alternative method to routine chlorination. When -applied with chlorine, sodium bromide
is oxidized by hypochlorous acid (HOC1) to hypobromous acid (HOBr) and sodium
chloride. Due to the relatively low bond strengths, bromine residuals exhibit low stability
and hence, should decay faster. In addition, they are more reactive than chlorine residuals,
and should perform better as biocides. In cooling water containing ammonium salts,
application of sodium bromide with chlorine should result in much lower levels of oxidant
residuals because the slow -decaying chloramines would not be generated.
The objective of the present study was to provide a technical basis for assessing the
potential environmental and operational benefits of using sodium bromide in conjunction
with chlorine for the control of biofouling in power plant cooling systems.
Comparative data were obtained for both freshwater and saltwater organisms exposed
to the two biofouling control options. The testing effort included:
• Measurements of acute toxicity effects on representative fresh- and saltwater
organisms resulting from a continuous or intermittent exposure to chlorinated
or brominated fresh- and saltwater.
• Evaluation of the effects of ammonia on the toxicity responses, and
• Measurements of decay rates in fresh- and in saltwater of chlorine- and
bromine -induced oxidants.
Toxicity responses were expressed as.96-h LC50 values for all species tested with the
exception of daphnids, for which 48-h LC50 values were estimated. Oxidant decays were
computed as quasi -first order decay constants.
Findings presented in this report suggest that the relative potency of bromine -induced
oxidants allows the amount of chlorine required for biofouling control to be reduced to
about half the amount that is required in the absence of bromide.
Page 8 of.69

The relatively rapid decay of bromine -induced oxidants is another promising feature
resulting from the simultaneous addition of sodium bromide and chlorine. The combination
of reduced biocide requirements for fouling control and the rapid decay of residual bromine
oxidants may result in a significant decrease in environmental impact. Using toxicity data
for golden shiner and rainbow trout, and oxidant decay values determined as part of the
present study, sample calculations of the relative impacts of chlorine and bromine oxidants
were performed. (For details see Appendix A.) These calculations indicate significant
reduction in environmental impact, depending on biocide use for fouling control, and the
relative amount of the riverflow and for condenser cooling.
Page 9 of..69..... , .

II.• MATERIALS AND METHODS
TEST MATERIALS
Test Species _ _
:Toxicity. tests were performed on four freshwater and two saltwater species. The
freshwater species included two invertebrates, the daphnid Dapnia magna and the am hi od
Hyalella azteca, and two fish, the golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas and the rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The two saltwater species were an invertebrate, the mysid
Mysidopsis ba{zia, and a fish, the silverside Menidia beryllina. The life stage (length and
weight, where appropriate) of each test species and the exposure conditions are given in
Table 1.• Daphnids and amphipods were obtained from in-house cultures; common shiners
from Perry's Fish Farm in Petersburg, VA; and Rainbow trout from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service's Erwin National Fish Hatchery in Ervin, TN. Mvsids were obtained from
Chesapeake Cultures in Haves, VA and silversides from Aquatic Indicators in St. Augustine,
FL.
Test Compounds
Sodium hypochlorite (Lot ; 0276), was obtained from Lab Chem, Inc., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania; sodium bromide (Lot #020290) from Ethyl Corp., Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
All chlorine stock solutions were prepared from Lot #0276 containing 66 grams
chlorine per liter. To prepare bromine stock solution, sodium bromide (NaBr) from Lot
#020290, containing527 grams NaBr per liter, was added to a solution of hypochlorous acid.
In order to assure complete conversion of hypochlorous acid (HOCI) into hypobromous acid
(HOBr), sodium bromide ' was added at 1.5 times the stoichiometric concentration of
chlorine, in accordance with equation:
HOCI + 1.5 NaBr - HOBr + NaCI + 0.5 NaBr
Thus, it is reasonable to assume that a stock solution containing chlorine and sodium
bromide in the specified ratio will principally contain hypobromous acid, and no
hypochlorous acid. (In the text these solution are referred to as chlorine/NaBr mixtures or
as bromine solutions.)
Page 10 of 69

Dilution Water
Unchlorinated groundwater from an on -site deep well was used for all tests using
freshwater. For saltwater tests, estuarine water from the adjoining Parrish Creek was used.
Both the freshwater and the saltwater were filtered to 1 um and stored in 850 gallon holding
tanks. The water in the holding tanks could be aerated and heated (titanium heaters) as
necessary. For all organisms with the exception of rainbow trout the water temperature was
maintained at 25°C; for rainbow trout the temperature was maintained at 15°C. For all
saltwater tests the 'salinity of the estuarine water was increased to 20 ppt with Instant
Ocean®. Water quality parameters are recorded in Tables.2 and 3. The groundwater was
also tested for organic' priority pollutants; none were detected above the level of detection.
TEST METHODS
Treatment Conditions
All tests with the exception of rainbow trout, were conducted at 25'C ± 2°C; tests
with rainbow trout were conducted at 15° ± 1°C. Test temperatures were recorded
continuously, and at no time did the temperature exceed the specified. limits. Other
conditions are as listed in Table 2 and Table 3.
The test organisms were exposed to either chlorine or bromine (i.e., chlorine/NaBr
mixture) in a side -by -side flow -through exposure system. This allowed direct toxicity
comparisons between both oxidants using the same dilution water. All organisms except the
daphnids were exposed for 96 hours. The daphnids were exposed for 48 hours.
Two separate tests were conducted on each species: In one test, organisms were
exposed continuously to a, dilution' series of oxidants. In thesecond test, organisms were
exposed intermittently to a dilution series of oxidant for 40 minutes every 8 hours. The
organisms were maintained in oxidant free conditions for the periods between exposures..
Initially, the method of Brooks et al. (1989) was : usedto maintain oxidant
concentrations during the intermittent exposures. These investigators spiked the tanks with
oxidant to obtain the desired exposure concentration. Then, a flow -through toxicant delivery
system was turned on to maintain that concentration during the intermittent period. At the
end of the period the toxicant delivery system was turned off, and the tanks were flushed
with diluent water. This procedure .was used for tests with the daphnids and the golden
shiners. For the rest! of the intermittent tests conductedin the present study, the toxicant
delivery system was ! maintained under constant conditions, while the test chambers,
containing the organisms, were transferred between halogenated test aquaria and non -
halogenated flow -through holding tanks. Immediately following transfer of the organisms
.Page 11 of:69

to the holding tanks, the flow rate of diluent water into the tanks was increased to flush any
total residual oxidants (IRO) that may have been transferred from the test aquaria.
The rainbow trout were held in 1 mm mesh nitex baskets with petri dish bottoms"
during the intermittent exposure periods. The petri dishes allowed for a small amount of
liquid to cover the fish during transfers between treatment conditions.
The smaller organisms were tested in thecontinuous exposure chambers described
below and transferred with a glass ladle between treatments. This allowed the organisms
to remain immersed during the transfer. Although both intermittent procedures produced
good "square -wave" intermittent exposure conditions, the latter transfer method appeared
more convenient than the spiking procedure.
An additional continuous exposure study was conducted to compare the toxicity of
chloramines and bromamines to daphnids and mysids. In these experiments, dilution water
was dosed to 0.3 mg/L NH4-N with ammonium chloride prior to delivery to the test system.
This stoichiometric ratio of ammonia to oxidant, also used by Brooks et al, allows
conversion of oxidants into amines. Bioassays conducted with these test solutions principally
evaluate the biotoxicity of chloramines and bromamines.
Exposure System
A continuous flow delivery system similar to that used by Vanderhorst et al (1977)
was used to create a stable oxidant exposure environment. Water from the diluent holding
tanks was pumped to a 200 gallon constant head tank located above the exposure wet table.
The smaller head tank was temperature controlled and aerated. The wet table holding the
exposure aquaria was also temperature controlled; Diluent water was delivered by gravity
through a 4 inch PVC delivery pipe suspended above the wet table. Overflow from the
delivery pipe was diverted back into the large holding tanks. The flow rate through the
delivery pipe was controlled by both a standpipe in the overhead tank and a PVC valve at
the beginning of the delivery pipe. Excess water not used as dilution water was diverted
from the overhead tank to the holding tanks through an overflow system. Diluent water was -
delivered from the delivery pipe to the test aquaria by adjustable glass siphons as shown in
Vanderhorst et al (1977). Each siphon was inserted into a green nalgene stopper which was
inserted into a hole drilled into the 4 inch delivery pipe. The flow rate from each siphon
was adjusted to 190 mL/min for all halogenated treatments and 200 mL/min for the control.
Chlorine and bromine stock solutions were delivered at a rate of 10 mL/min to each
treatment condition by Masterflex4' pumps. Stocks of various TRO concentrations were
made up using reverse osmosis water in 20 L glass carboys. NaBr was added to the NaOC1
solution, stirred, and allowed to stand in the dark_ for 15 minutes prior to dosing of the
stocks. The stocks were mixed thoroughly and allowed to stand for 1 to 2h prior to use.
During the exposure periods, the 20 L carboys were covered with black plastic. New stock
Page 1? of 69

solutions were made Jevery. 24 hours. Glass delivery tubes were inserted through silicone
stoppers to the bottom of thestock bottles. Chlorine resistentMasterflera tubing (C-
- FLEX®) -was used to; deliver the stock solutions through the pump heads to glass musing
funnels suspended below the diluent water siphons. After mixing, the halogen
concentrationswere delivered -through tvgon tubing to glass splitters which delivered equal.
volumes of treated or control water to two replicates per treatment.
i ,
The exposure aquaria (9.5 L) contained 7 L of solution.. Flow into each aquaria was
100 mL/min. This allowed for a 90% molecular replacement time of approximately 2.5
hours. All tests were conducted in these aquariausing the same flow rate. In the .
continuous exposure tests, daphnids,,amphipods, mysids, and silversides were suspended in
,glass chambers (5 cm idiameter by 15 cm length) with nalgene screens on the bottoms. The
test chambers were suspended in the test aquaria from a rocker -arm assembly which allowed
the chambers to move vertically through the test aquaria. A complete vertical cycle was
completed every 20 to 25 sec. This increased mixing of fresh toxicant into -the chambers throughout the test. Control organisms were suspended in identical baskets. Rainbow trout
and shiners were exposed in. the aquaria without chambers. As discussed earlier, chambers
and baskets (trout) were moved between exposure and holding tanks during the intermittent
exposure tests.
Exposure Protocol
Each test (continuous or intermittent) consisted of five to six treatments per oxidant
plus a control. In the chloramine/bromamine studies an additional ammonia control was
added. Rainbow trout tests were conducted at a temperature of 15°C, while all other tests
were conducted at 25°,C.,. The light cycle for all the -tests was 16 h light:8 h dark. ,Organisms .
werenot fed during the tests except for the mysids which require live brine shrimp to
survive 96 hours and amphipods which were fed micro -encapsulated artificial food. Prior
to the start of each test the exposure system was operated until TRO concentrations in all
test aquaria stabilized. Tile continuous flow tests were started by adding organisms to: the
stabilized test aquariai To start the intermittent exposures for the amphipods,. trout, mysids,
and silversides, organisms were added to the exposure chambers in the holding tanks. After
all of the chambers were loaded they were transferred to the test aquaria. to start the
exposure. After 40 min, the chambers were transferred to non -halogenated holding. tanks.
As discussed above,i da phnids. and shiners were kept in the test aquaria which werespiked
and continuously dosed for 40 min, after which time chlorine was flushed from the system.
Inf the continuous exposure experiments; water samples were taken for_TRO analysis
Lat. 1, 2 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,-24, 36, ,48, 60, 72, 84; and 96 h: TRO` measurements for the.
intermittent exposures were taken at the beginning and end of each 40 min exposure period.
Organism: mortalities were .recorded at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, .72; and 96 hours for the
continuous exposures, and at 1, 2, 4; 8, 12, 16,- 24,- and every 8 hours thereafter until- the
conclusion of the test. Free available oxidant (FAO) was measured one time in each test.
Page 13 of 69

treatment during every test. Dissolved. oxygen, conductivity or salinity, pH, alkalinity, and
hardness, were measured_ dailyin each treatment. Temperature was recorded in one control replicate in all tests. in
During the chloramine/bromamine studies, total ammonia (NH3-N) was measured
in the diluent wter;holding tanks at the beginning and end of each tank. refill. In addition,
FAO, mono-, and di -halogenated amines were measured in each treatment tank once during
each of these tests.
The bioassay test protocol was consistent with the test guidelines described in the
Environmental Protection Agency's, "Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents
to Freshwater and Marine Organisms" (USEPA 1985), with the_ ezception,of temperature.
The test temperature for all species, except rainbow trout; was 25°C rather than 20°C. The
rainbow trout test was conducted at 15°C rather than 12°C.
Measurements of Oxidant Concentration
The amperometi;ic titration method, described in Standard Methods. (Method 4500-C1
D APHA et al. 1989), was used to determine total residual oxidants (TRO), and free
available oxidant (FAO). Fischer Porter amperometric titrator (Model # 17T2000) were
used for all measurements. By using the high sensitivity mode, a forward titration, and a
200 mL sample; TRO quantitations limits were 15
ug/L TRO as chlorine and 34 1:g/L, TRO
as bromine. With this sample size; 1 rnL: of PAO (0.00564N phenylarsene oxide) titrant
equals 1 mg/L chlorine equivalents. Samples were analyzed immediately upon collection
to avoid loss of oxidant due to holding. Total residual oxidant concentrations are presented
as µg/L (ppb) TRO as chlorine or bromine. LC50 values are reported as .ppb. TRO as
chlorine and- as iieq TRO/L for the chlorine exposures and as ppb TRO as bromine and as
peg TRO/L for bromine„ exposures. The TRO - as ppb bromine was calculated by
multiplying the milliliters' of titrant (PAO) used by 2:25. as described in the Fischer Porter
titrator manual. LC50 values for the two treatments are compared on a ',leg TRO/L basis:
The concentration of TRO as PP b.chlorine and bromine are converted to µeq TRO/L by
dividing by 35.5 for: chlorine and._79.9 for bromine.
Measurements of Oxidant Decay
These tests were conducted on the freshwater and saltwaterused for the bioassay
testing. The effects of sodium bromide on the decay of chlorine -induced oxidantswere
tested at 1.5 times the stoichiometric concentration of chlorine: The static decay tests were
Page 14 of 69

. made in 2 L Pyrex° beakers at 25°C in the dark. TRO measurements were made
amperometrically by he same procedures described above for the bioassay tests.
Ammonia Measurem nts
Ammonia(NH3-N) was measured using an ammonia -selective electrode and an Orion
Model 901 Ion Analyzer. Method 4500-NH3 described in Standard Methods (APHA et al.
1989) was used for th!e analysis.

EEL RESULTS
CHLORINE AND BROi41INE TOXICITIES
The toxicity data for continuous exposures are presented as LC50 and as ILCSO for
intermittent exposures. These toxicity indicators are based
concentration per treatment. The LC50 represents the on the average
to 50% of the test organisms exposed continuously over the �e oxidant
p TRO concentration which is lethal
represents the TRO concentration which is lethal to 50% of the test organisms test period. The ILC50
intermittently for 40 minutes every
8 hours. The continuous exposure LC50 alu s°sed aree
based on the averag
e TRO concentrations over the entire length of the test period, while
the ILC50 are based on the average TRO concentration for all of
periods during the test.
the 40-minute exposure
LCSO values are calculated from the mortality data in
600/4-85/013 (USEPA 1985). Wherete accordance with EPA Manual
statistical criteria for a probit analysis were notlmet, an LC50 value wascalculatedprobit method was used.
movingIf the
average angle method. An EPA computer program was usedforcalculatibngthl LC50 values (Stephan 1978).
mall
The results of all toxicity tests are summarized. in Table
concentration for all treatment conditions are summarized in Tables 5 and 6 while
oxidant
From the examination of the results it appears that bromine -induce
more toxic than chlorine -induced oxidants when compared on a ;leg TR d basis are
Table 4). On the other hand, when the comparisons are made on a weightO/L basis (see
chlorine -induced oxidants appear more toxic than bromine -induced oxidants t.in 1
cases tested. ( ' ug/L)
These apparent contradictions result from the difference in atomic weight2f 14
of the two agents involved.
of
We prefer to express toxicity and chemical decay in terms
liter (ueq/L) for several reasons. One is that neither the speciiat onrOequtheients
contribution of individual oxidants to biotoxicity are known; anotherper
RO
measurement method determines TRO concentrations is that nor ththe e relative
s pe iodine e
unit volume. And, since there are differences between the tox c tieerms°
ty ef
s of chlorine -induced is per bromine -induced oxidants, and, their rates of decay, it would be misleading to and
equivalents into either a weight -based chlorine value or a weight -based cnevale.
�ht-based bromine value,
Also, to facilitate estimates of the relative environmental impacts
it is more convenient to perform calculations based on TRO values
eofs the invo
chemical equivalents per unit volume.agents
ues expressed terms of
Page .1.6 of6;9 .

Accordingly, in this report comparisons between the agents will be based on ueq
chlorine TRO/L or µeq bromine TRO/L. .
Results recorded in Table 4 indicate that for continuous exposures, bromine oxidants
•
appear to be twice as toxic (1.93 ± 0.35) as chlorine oxidants in four of the six organisms;
for the amphipods and silversides bromine oxidants are about five times as toxic (5.28 ±
0.52). A 48-h LC50 for daphnids and a 96-h LCSO for amphipods could not be calculated
for continuous bromine exposure, because survival was less than 50% at the level of oxidant
quantitation.
For intermittent exposures, bromine oxidants were, on the average, 1.7 times (1.67
0.34) as toxic; but there was little difference among species.
In freshwater, daphnids and amphipods were most sensitive, both in continuous and
intermittent exposures. In saltwater, the mysid was the most sensitive organism when
exposed continuously to chlorine oxidants. The mysid and silverside were equally sensitive
to continuous bromine exposure and also to both oxidants, when they were exposed
intermittently.
Conversion of chlorine oxidants into chloramimines, and bromine oxidants into
bromamines appeared to increase toxicity, although this effect was less pronounced in case
of the bromamines. This increase in toxicity is attributable to amines, and not to the'
formation of unionized ammonia. Under prevailing test conditions, the concentration of
unionized ammonia was estimated at less than 15 and 17 pbb during the mysid and daphnid
tests, respectively. These levels are well below reported toxicity values (USEPA 1985, 1989).
During each treatment condition, one sample 'also was analyzed for free available
oxidant (FAO), as well as total residual oxidant (TRO). The results of these analyses are
recorded in Table 7 ' (chlorine), Table 8 (bromine), and Table 9 (ammonia test).
•
FAO was observed more frequently at the high -concentration treatment conditions;
with bromine as the treatment agent, FAO was also observed at low -concentration
treatments. To what extent free available oxidant did contribute to the observed mortalities
is unclear from the available data.
In the presence of 0.3 mg/L ammonia -nitrogen, FAO was not observed in chlorine
treatments (Table 9).1 Addition of ammonia to bromine treatments did indicate the presence
of relatively large concentrations of FAO. According to a personal communication with Dr.
Franklin Handy of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, West Lafayette, Indiana, the FAO
observations in bromine treatments with ammonia are erroneous. Apparently, under such
conditions, the amperometric titration method measures bromamines as FAO. Since
ammonia was added in relative excess, we may assume complete conversion of bromine
oxidants into bromamines. Thus, the observed toxicities reflect bromamine toxicities.
Page 17 of 69

DECAY OF CHLORINE AND BROMINE INDUCED OXIDANTS
The effect of the addition of sodium bromide to a solution containing chlorine on
oxidant decay is recorded in Tablel0, and illustrated in Fig. 1, where the natural logarithms
.of the total residual oxidant concentrations are plotted against time for solutions containing
chlorine and.. chlorine/solutions to which sodium bromide is added. Figure 1 shows the
decay in freshwater; in Fig. 2, similar data are shown for the decay in saltwater.
The test data reflect a two-phase, quasi first order oxidant decay, for both chlorine
and bromine (i.e., chlorine/sodium bromide). In both cases, the initial relatively fast decay,
defined as K1 (slope of In [ueq TRO] vs time) was followed by a much slower decay,
defined as K2.
In freshwater, (Table 11), sodium bromide increased the fast decay by a factor of
about three (0.054 vs 0.016), while K2 was increased by a factor of 5 (0.005 vs 0.001).
In saltwater (Table 12) with sodium bromide, the fast decay (K1=0.084) was, on the
average, about twice as fast as the fast decay observed in the presence of chlorine alone
(K1=0.044). The slow decay (K2 =0.009) was, on the average, about nine times the chlorine
value (K2 = 0.001).
These data clearly indicate significant increases in the rates of the fast and slow
oxidant decays when sodium bromide is applied simultaneously with chlorine.
As will be discussed in the next section and in Appendix A, the relatively rapid decay
of bromine oxidants may significantly reduce the environmental" impact resulting from
biofouling control of powerplant cooling systems.
Page 18 of 69

IV. DISCUSSION
LC50 values for chlorine TRO in the current study are consistent with toxicity values
from the Environmental Protection Agency's water quality criteria for chlorine (USEPA
1984) when expressed as ppb chlorine TRO. The species mean acute values (SMAV) for
Daplznia mama (27.7 ppb) and rainbow trout (62 ppb) reported in the water quality criteria
are identical to values from the current study. The SMAV for amphipods of 267 ppb is
similar to our value 'of 78 ppb considering the species (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus) and life
stage differences. The somewhat lower SMAV of 127 ppb TRO for Notemigonus crysoleucas
reported in the water quality criteria may be a factor of one low value (40 ppb) skewing the
SMAV and the fact that sewage effluent was used as -the dilution water in all the tests used
to determine the SMAV.
There are no directly comparable values for Mysidopsis bahia or Menidia beryllina in
the water quality criteria. The only mysid value reported was an LCSO of 162 ppb for
Neo3nysis sp. determined at 15°C and a salinity of 28 ppt. The' temperature difference
between the two studies may explain the difference from our value of 62 ppb. There is one
96-h LC50 value of 54 ppb for Menidia peninsulae and a 96-h LC50 value of 37 ppb for
Menidia menidia which form the basis for comparison with our present value of 143 ppb with
Menidi beryllina. The value of 37 ppb was achieved using field collected adult silversides.
The 96-h LC50 value of 54 ppb is an unpublished value cited in a paper by Goodman et al.
(1983) for comparison with long term studies conducted with the same species. Compared
to the no effects level of 40 ppb found by Goodman et al. for hatching success and survival,
it seems likely that the 96-h LC50 of 54 ppb may be somewhat low.
Brooks et al. (1989) conductedan extensive study on continuous and intermittent
toxicity of chloramines to a number of species. Results from his studies give comparable
LC50 values to the current studies (48-h LC50 of 24 ppb TRO for Daplznia nzagna and a
96-h LC50 of 111 ppb for rainbow trout). These investigatorsalso showed a 3- to 5-fold
decrease in daphnid sensitivity during intermittent exposures (2 hours/day) and a 7-fold
decrease in rainbow sensitivity, again very comparable to the present study. The common.
shiner Notropis comutus was more sensitive to chloramines (96-h LC50 of 71 ppb) than the
golden shiner was to chlorine in the present study. Species and exposure dissimilarities
(ammonia vs no ammonia) could explain the differences in the LC50s.
Present tests indicate that continuous exposure to bromine -oxidants appears to be
about two times as toxic to four of the six species, compared to continuous exposure to
chlorine oxidants. For the silversides and amphipods, the difference was five -fold. For
continuous exposures to bromine oxidants the 48-h LC50 for daphnids and the 96-h LC50
for amphipods could not be calculated because their survival was less than 50% at the level
of oxidant quantitation. With intermittent exposures, the difference in toxicity was, on the
average 1.7 times.
Page 19 of 69.

A similar difference in "potency" was also observed in a study by Bongers et al, 1977,
and Liden et al, 1980, when the effectiveness of biofouling control by bromine chloride was
compared to that of chlorine. These studies indicated that the more toxic bromine oxidants
permitted the use of much lower amounts of biocide for fouling control. A 15-day trial,
conducted on a powerplant cooling system using low -salinity estuarine water for heat
rejection, indicated that, on an equimolar basis, bromine oxidants were two to three times
more effective than chlorine oxidants.
In light of the observed fouling control efficacy ofbromine oxidants, and their
relatively rapid decay characteristics, the conversion of hypochlorous acid into hypobromous
acid and bromine oxidants could significantly reduce the impact on the aquatic environment
resulting from the control of biofouling of powerplant cooling systems. Beneficial effects
from this conversion would be most pronounced at -high ambient water temperatures
when a relatively large portion of the riverflow is used for condenser cooling. and
Preliminary estimates of a reduction in environmental impacts is shown in Table 13,
where the benefits of using sodium bromide in conjunction with chlorine are estimated for
heat rejection into a freshwater stream. (Methodology, assumptions and calculation are
given in Appendix A.)
This comparison which is based on rainbow trout and golden shiner data, indicates
that significant reduction in 'environmental impact can be achieved, depending upon the
amount of riverflow used for condenser cooling.
Page 20 of 69

LITERATURE.CITED
APHA - American Public Health. Association, American Water Works Association, and
Water Pollution Control' Federation. " 1989. Standard methods for the examination
of water -and wastewater. 17th ed. Washington, D.C.
Bongers, L.H., T.P.
Chlorine for
O'Connor, D.T. Burton. 1977. Bromine Chloride - An alterative to
facility control in condenser cooling systems. EPA-600/7-77-053.
Brooks, A.S., D.C. Szmania and M.S. Goodrich. 1989. A comparison of continuous and
intermittent exposures of four: species of aquatic organisms . to chlorine. Final
Research Reipdrt. Center for Great Lakes Studies and Department of Biological
Sciences. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee. Milwaukee, WI.
Liden,' L.H., D.T. Burton, L.H. Bongers. 1980. Estimation of chlorine and bromine chloride
dosages for biofouling control in low -salinity estuarine once -through cooling systems.
J.F.;Garey, .R.M. Jofdan,.A.H. Aitken, D.T. Burton, and R.H. Gray, eds. Condenser
biofouling control symposium proceedings. In:Ann Arbor Sci. Pubi. Inc., Ann Arbor,
MI.
Goodman, L.R., D.P. Middaugh, D.J. Hansen, P.K. Higdon and G.M. Cripe. 1983. 'Early
life stage toxicity with tidewater silversides (Menidia peninsulae) and chlorine -
produced oxidants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2:337-343.
Stephan, C.E. 1978 LC50 Program. Unpublished data. U.S. 'Environmental Protection
Agency, Enviroi mental Research Laboratory - Duluth, Duluth, MN.
USEPA. 1984. Ambient water quality for chlorine-..1984. EPA 440/5=84-030. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 1985. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents to Freshwater and
Marine Organisms. W.H. Peltier and C.I. Weber (eds.). U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Wash., D.C. EPA/600/4-85/013.
USEPA. 1985. Ambient water quality criteria for ammonia - 1984. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA 440/5-85-001. "
USEPA. ` 1989. Ambient water quality "criteria for ammonia (Saltwater) 1989., U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA -440/5-88-004.
Vanderhorst, J.R., C. I. Gibson,-, L.J: Moore and P. Wilkinson. 1977. Continuous flow
apparatus for ---- -- petroleum bioassay.
584.

Wang, M.P. and S.A. Hanson. 1985. The acute toxicity of chlorine on freshwater
organisms: time -concentration relationships_ of constant and intermittent exposures.
Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Eighth
R.C. Bahner and D.J. Hansen, Eds., American Society for Testing and Ma er al,
Philadelphia. pp. 213-232.
Page 22 of 69

Table 1. Information on organisms used in testing ,
Species
Test
Life Stage
Length mm(±SD),
Weight (mg±SD)
Wet
Dry ;. .
Daphnid _ .
(Daphnia magna)
48-h Continuous
48-h Intermittent
<24h
<24h
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA . '
NA
Page 23 of 69 /.,
Golden shiner
(Notemigonus
crysoleucas)
96-h Continuous
96-h.Intermittent
Young
Young
71.5(4.80)
74.9(6.09) .
3180(714)
3300(701)
890(225)
960(229)
Rainbow trout >
(Oncorhynchus
mykissl
96-h Continuous
96-h Intermittent
15 day _
15. day
24.0(.1.23) .
24.0(1..23)
98.0(1 1.9).
98.0(1 1.9) .
17.2(2.01)
17.2(2.01)
Amphipod
(Hyalella azteca) .:
96-h Continuous
96-h Intermittent
juvenile
juvenile
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.44(0..14)
0.44(0.14)
Mysid ,`
(Mysidopsis
bahial.
96-h Continuous', °. '
96-h Intermittent
5 day__
5 day
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.171(0.003)
0.169(0.003)
Silversides
(Menidia :
beryllinal..,
96-h Continuous
96-h Intermittent
8 day -
11 day .
10.6(0.93)
11.6(0.76)
•
4.81(2.08)
8.24(1.57)
0.96(0.42)
1.68(0.33)
Daphnid
(Daphnia magna)
48-h Continous .
300 pg/I Ammonia.
< 24h
NA ..
NA' _
NA
Mysid .
(Mysidopsis
bahiaJ
96-h Continuous
300 pg/I Ammonia
5 day
NA
NA
0.168(0.005)"

1Table 2. Mean. water quality (±SD) for the chlorine studies
Test
DO.
(mg/L)
pH
Cond/Salinity* _
AIk.
(as mg/L
CaCO3)
Hard:
(as ring/L
CaCO;)
FRESHWATER
Daphnid
Continuous
8.5
(0.2)
7.31-
7.71
333.3.. '
(17.0)
152.5
(2.5)
144_5
(2.9)
Daphnid
Intermit'
, 8.4
(0.1) -
8.21- "
8.34..
366.7 .
(20.5)
108.3
(2.4)
161.0
(32-7)
Shiner
Continuous
7.6
(0.2)
8.16-
8.36
368.3
(25.3)
133.3
(16.5)
184.3
(20.0)
Shiner
Intermit
6.8
(0.1)
7.41-
7.68
350.0
(9.5)
100.0
(15.8)
145.5
(5.1)
Trout
Continuous
7.7 .
(0.1)
7.20-
7.64 .
334.0
(6.5)
. 132.0
(2.4) • .
160.0
(3.3)
Trout
Intermit
7.7
(0.1)
7.20-
7.64
334.0
(6.5)
. 132.0 :
160.0
Amphipod
Continuous
8.0
(0.1) .
7.84-
8.00
363.0
- " . (3.4)
165.0
(7.1)
138.0
(4.3)
Amphipod
Intermit
8.0
(0.1)
, 7.84- "
8.00
363.0
(3.4) _.
165.0
. . (7.1)
138.0
(4.3)
Daphnid
w/ Ammonia
8:6
(0.1)
7.35-
7.90 .
341.2 "
(14.3) '
159.0 -
(5.1)
142.0
(3.2)
SALTWATER
Slversides
Continuous
7.2
(0.2)
8.36-
8.52,
20.7,
- "(0.45)
Siiversides
Intermit ` .
7.2
(0.2)
8.33-:
8.65
20.5
(0.44)
Mysid
Continuous ,
7.2
(0.2)
8.36-°.
8.52
- 20.7
"(0.45)
Mysid ;
Intermit
, 7.2
(0.2)..
8.33-
. 8.65
20:5.
(0.44)
Mysid
w/ Ammonia
7.7
(0:1) .
8.00- .
8:11..
21:0
(0.82)
* Conductivity expressed" as pmhos/cm; salinity expressed as ppt

I �
I �
Table 3. Mean wateir quality (±SD) for the chlorine/NaBr study
Test
Daphnid
Continuous
Daphnid
Intermit
9
DO
. (mg/Jr)
• II
814
(0�1)
pH
7.28-
7.77
8.21-
8.34
Cond/Salinity*
331.2
(14.3)
366.7
(20.5)
Alk.
(as mg/L
CaCO3)
160.0
(5.0)
110.0
Shiner
Continuous
716
(012)
8.11-
8.33
368.3
(25.3)
•
(4.0)
Hard.
(as mg/L
CaCO3)
141.0
(15.9)
Shiner
Intermit
6E8
(oJ1),
7.41-
7.68
350.0
(9.5).
tom
(15.8)
145.0
(3.0).
•
178.7.
(8.2)
184.3
(20.0)
145.5
Trout
Continuous
Trout
Intermit
Amphipod
Continuous
Amphipod
Intermit
7.5
.(01,1)
7)5
(0 11)1
7.24-
7.41
7.24-
7.41
7.81-
8.01
7.81-
8.01
334.0
(6.5)
334.0
(6.5)
. 363.0
(3.4)
363.0
132.0
(2.4)
132.0
(2.4)
165.0 .
(7.1)
165.0
(5.1)
160.0
(3.3).
160.0
(3.3)
138.0
• (4.3)
138.0
f
Daphnid
8.6
7.33- .
341.2
159.0
142.0
w/ Ammonia
. (0.1)'
' 7.89
(14.3) ...
(5.1)
(3.2)
Silversides
7.2
8.36-
20.7
Continuous
.. (0.2) !
8.51 ..
(0.45)
`Silversides ::
1
7.2 { .
8.30-
20.5
Intermit •
(0.2)
8.69 '
(0.44)
Mysid
7.2 I
: 8.36-
20.7
-
Continuous:
(0.2)I
8:51
(0:45);
Mysid
Intermit
Mysid.
w/ Ammonia
7.2 j 8.30- 20.5
(0.2) j 8.69_- (0.45),
7.7
(0.1)
8.02-
8.16
21.0-
(0.82)
iI
* Conductivity expressed as j.unhos/cm; salinity expressed as ppt
Page.25.:of`69.

Amphipcid
Toxicity of Chlorine and Bromine on Freshwater and Saltwater animals
Notemigonus
crysole rrcas
Notemigomrs=
cr}soleucas
Oncor/rynchus
myk iss
48-h
Intermittent
96-h
Continuous
48-h
Continuous
300 pg/L
Ammonia
3.61
2.96 & 4.43
9.90
8.80 & 11.31

-o•
w
to
CD
0
Table 4 (continued)
LC50 with Cl2
LC50 with Cl2 + Na13r
Common Name
Species Name
`.Toxicity
.-Indicator
peg TRO/L
± 95% C.I.
pg Chlorine/L
'± 95% C.1.
peq TRO/L
± 95% C.1.
pg Bromine/L, t
95% C.I.
SALTVVATER
Mysid '
Mysidopsis
"96-h
1.75
62
__ L16 --
—0.93-&-1.41--
92
— - - - --
-- -- 74 &--1-1-3 ---- -
__--Continuous _
_ -1.47 &_2.0.9
_-_-52 & 7-4- --
�_ _
bahia_ —
Mysid" , ..
Afysidopsis
bahia : :"
96-4. ,
Intermittent
5.92
4.77 & 7.25
210
- • 169 & 257 '
4.60
.3.95 & 5.36
• 367 •
315 & 428
Silversides
,Afenidia •
beryllina,
.96-h
.r Continuous
4.03
.3.24 & 5.16
143 -
115 & 183
0.82
0.62 & 0.99 .
65
50 &• 79
Silversides
• Afenidia
berylina
96-h
Intermittent
5.44
4.20 & 6.79
.. ' 193
149 & 241
4.31
.3.67 & 5.13
.344
293 & 410
Mysid
A•fysidopsis .
bahia
96-h
Continuous
300 pgjL
Ammonia
<0.59
- <21(5)
` <0.62
<50(6)
Only 6 survivors at lowest concentration tested. .
2 Only 1 survivor atdowest concentration tested.
3 No survivors at lowest treatment._ "
4 Only 8 survivors'at-lowest treatment:
5 Only 3 survivors at lowest treatment.
• 6 Only 2 survivors at lowest treatment..
•
NOTE: In all test solutions the .concentration of total residual oxidants was measured as. TRO equivalents, and expressed as micro
equivalents per liter (,v q/I:). The test -results are expressed as,micrograms/liter chlorine for all tests conducted with chlorine in the
"'absence" of added bromides. For tests conducted in the presence of hroni.ides, toxicity 'is expressed as microgram/liter hromine. To
• 'convert bromine into ."chlorine equivalents" divide the bromine 'concentration by 2:25. To .convert chlorine into "bromine equivalents"
.multiply the ch-lorine concentration by 2.25.
i

Table 5.
Chlorine TRO concentrations (in pg/L•cltlorine TRO) exbressed as'theornean (±SD) *ot all
measurements mad:•during the test .eriod for each tr:atment
I �
.. TREATMENT i ONDITIONS I 1
Test l Rep ji I 2 I i, .. 1.3 4
I I I5
' FRESH4!ATER ' • I ' ' I
Daphnid A 24 ± 4.0 42 ± 5.0 .
Continuous B 76 ± 8.0 162 ± 8.0 306 ± 15.0
24 t 4.0 • - 41 ± 6.0 73 ± 6.0 164 ± 12.0
C 24 ± 4.0 41 ± 5.0 314t25.0
74 ± 7. 0 163 ± 10.0 310 ± 20.0
Daphnid Intermit A 25 ± 4.8 40 ± 9.5 76 ± 7.9
B 20 ± 7.5 153 ± 20.5 290 ± 28.3
i45±11.2 86114.4 159±20.3 280 ± 14.1
cn
c) C 23 ± 6.9 43 ± 10.5 81 ± 12.5 156 ± 20.0 285 ± 19.1
r Shiner A 41 ± 5.0 72 ± 9.0
Continuous B155 ± 10.0 312 ± 16.0 522 ± 13.0
0 41 ±6.0 73 ± 7.0 165 ± 14.0 308±13.0
C . 41 ± 6.0 73 ± 8.0 526 ± 19.0
160 ± 13.0 310 ± 15.0 524 ± 16.0
CD
(D
Shiner Intermit A 295 ± 33.0 418 ±39.0 670 ± 94.0 984 ± 125.0.
B 295 ± 30.0 411 ±45.0 677 ± 94.0 950 ± 88.0 1477 ± 6.0
C 295 ± 31.0 416t40.0 177t.0
673 x 93.0 967 ± 107.0 1512 ± 46.0
Amphipod A 16 ± 4.4' 35 ± 4.5
Continuous. B ©4 ± 6.9 159 ± 8.1 316 t 20.7
14 ±4.4 • 36 ± 5.0 82 ± 8.6 157 ± 8.4
C 15 ± 4.5 35 ± 4.6 83 ± 7.7321 t 14.3
158f8.2 318 18.3
Amphipod A 36 ± 5.5 81 ± 7.7 153 ± 13.1 305 ± 29.5 Intermit B 35 t 5.3 78 ± 11.2 631 ± 88.1
153 i 13.2 302 ± 27.4 626 ± 92.0
C 35 ± 5.4 80 ± 8.8 153 ± 13.0 304 ± 27.8
629 ± 87.0
Daphnid A 20 ± 3.0 35 ± 5.0 79 ± 9.0
Ammonia B 16 ± 3.0 35 ± 6.0 69 ± 5.0
0.3 mg/L C 18 ± 4.0 35 ± 5.0 74 ± 9.0
•

Table 5. Continued
Test
TREATMENT CONDITIONS
2
SALTWATER
3
Mysid
Continuous
21 ± 6.0
21__± 2.0
21 ± 4.0
38 ± 6.0
39 ±_2.0__ _
38 ± 4.0
_82±10.0 156±10.0
8-1 f-1-2-.0- ---- -159-± 1-1.0 --
82±11.0 157 ± 10:0
Mysid
Intermit
38 ± 6.7
33 ± 4.4
36 ± 5.6
72 ± 12.0
68 ± 12.2
70 ± 12.1
164 ± 21.2
158 ± 22.7
161 ± 22.0
348 ± 35.4
331 ± 39.8
339 ± 37.6
Silversides
Intermit
A
B
C
38±6.7
33 ± 4.4
36 ± 5.6
72 ± 12.0
68 ± 12.2
70 ± 12.1
164 ± 21.2
158 ± 22.7
161 ± 22.0
370 ± 24.5
350 ± 42.9
360 ± 34.9
341- ± 54.0
352- t-54.0
346 ± 53.0
678 ± 37.4
657 ± 43.8
667 ± 41.5
675 ± 34.2
655 ± 49.3
663 ± 43.0
Silversides
Continuous
21 ± 6.0
21 f 2.0
21. ± 4.0
38 ± 6.0
39 ± 6.0
38 ± 6.0
82 ± 10.0
81 ± 12.0
82 ± 11.0
Mysid
Ammonia
0.3 mg/L
25 ± 4.8.
20 ± 7.5
23 ±6.9
40i9.5
45 ± 11.2
43±10.5
76 ± 7.9
86 .± 14.4
81 ± 12.5
148 ± 27.0
151 ± 23.0
150. t 25.0
355 ± 43.0
400 ± 14.1
373 ± 40.0
153 t 20.5
1.59 ± 20.3
1,56 ± 20.0
290 ± 28.3
280 ± 14.1
285 ± 1.9.1
Note: A&B: Values are average TRO concentrations for each treatment and replicant.
C: Values are the average IRO concentration for combined replicants of each treatment

Table 6.
Bromine TRO concentrations (in pg/L bromine TRO) 'expressed in the mean (±SD) of all
measurements made during the test period for each treatment
TREATMENT CONDITIONS
FRESHWATER
Daphnid
Continuous
A 34t11.3
B 43 t 9.0 . .
C. 38t11.3
Daphnid , A
Intermit B
C.
45 ± 12.6
45 "t 0.0
45 ± 8.8
Shiner A 54 t 11.3
Continuous •B 52 t.11.3
C 53 t 11.3:.:.
Shiner
Intermit
Amphipod
Continuous
C
333 t 74.3
331 t 76.5'
333 ± 74.3
36.t 10.8.
29 t '10.1
32 t10.4
81 ± 15.8
90- ± 20.3 •
86 ± 18.0
90-t 16.9
88 ± 22.5
88 ± 19.4
90 t 13.5
83 t 9.0
88 ± 1-1.:3
486 ± 85.5
493 t 83.3
491 t 83.3
95 ± 20.3
92 ± 22.1
95 't 20.9
140 t 20.3
155 t 29.3
146 ± 24.8
187 ± 29.3
155 t 22.5
171 ± 30.4
153 ± 20.3
158 ± 18.0
155 ± 20.3
929 ± 110.3
970 ± 123.8
950 t 119.3
182 ± 40.3
182 ± 26.3
182 ± 32.6
216 ± 24.8
223 ± 31.5
218 ± 29.3
351 ± 58.5
342 ± 51.8
347 ± 53.6
333 ± 33.8
349 ± 31.5
342 ± 31.5
1478 ± 155.3
1564 1.182.3
1523 ± 171.0
403 ± 38.7
378 ± 44.1
389 ± 42.3
Amphipod A
Intermit B
34 ± 11.3
29 ± 9.0
32 ± 10.1
92 ± 22.1
88 ± 24.1
90 ± 23.0
178 ± 33.1
178 ± 27.6
178 t 30.6
380 ± 49.1
365 ± 48.2
374 ± 48.6
Daphnid A 34 ± 11.3
Ammonia B ' 29 ± 11.3
0.3 mg/L C 32 t 11.3
77 ± 15.8
65 ± 15.8
74 ± 15.8
149 ± 18.0
140 ± 20.3
1.44 t 20.3
383 ± 18.0
369 ± 24.8
376 ± 22.5
551 ± 47.7
540 t 63.7
547 t 46.4
716 ± 31.5
716 ± 40.5
716 ± 33.8
2407 ± 423.0.
2561 t -373.5
2500 ± 378.0
776 t 158.4
776 t 154.4
776 ± 148.5
698 ± 142.0
704 ± 149.2
702 ± 143.1

Table 6.. Continued
TREATMENT CONDITIONS
Test
Rep
1 ,'
2
3
4
5
Trout
Continuous
A
B
32 ± 10.8
27 ± 6.8
77 ± 13.7
74 ± 15.3
142 ± 41.6
140 ± 44.1
299 ± 65.0
313. ± 75.4_
623 ± 65.0
± 61.0
29 ± 9.2
77 ± 14.4
1142 f 41.9 _ __ __
_3.0.6-_±_ 67_7- • -
_608
-_614--t-57.6------ _----
Trout
Intermit
A .
..B
• C .
36 .± 10.4
29 ± 8.1.
32 ± 9.9 , .
81 ± ,16.9
77 ± 12.8
79 ± 15.1
180 ± 37.4
164 ± 41.0
173 t 39.4 -
392 ± 72.5
412 ± 63.2
401 ± 67.5; -
• 689 ± 55.6
'711 ± 63.2
700 ±' 59.6
SALTWATER
-
co
c
Mysid
Continuous'
A
B
C
54 '± 9.0
52 ± 11.3
52 ± 11.3
97 ± 15.8
101 ± 18.0-
99±15.8
180 ± 36.0
180 -± 40.5
180±38.3 ..
443 ± 58..5
407 ± 49.5
425±56.3
716 ± 130.5
702 ± 101.3 •
709 ± 112.5
o
C
Mysid
Intermit
A '
.B
C
101 ± 15.1
81 ± 14.2
92±17.1
225 ± 37.4
200 ± 35.8
213*37.6
412 ± 58.1
374 ±.53.1
394157.6
745 ± 93.4
685 ± 88.4
716±95.0- '
1438 .± 86.6
1382 ± 115.7
1409±104.4
Silversides
Continuous
A
B
C .,.
54 ± 9.0
52 t 11.3
52 ±: 11.3
97. ± 15.8
101 ± 18.0
99 ± 15.0
180 ± 18.0 : .
178 ± 20.5
178 ± 18.0
473 ± 22.5
439 ± 49.5
457 ± 38.3 •
781 3 33.8
781 ± 51.8
781 ± 38.3
Silversides -
Intermit
.
•A....
B.
C.
101 ± 15.1'
81 ± 14.2 -
92 ± 17.1
225 ± 37.4
200 ± 35.8
213 ± 37.6
412 ± 58.1
374 ± 53.1
394'± 57.6. •
794 ± 74.7.
698 ± 42.8 •
747 ± 64.4
1391 ± 50.0 .
1260 ± 18.5
1325 ± 77.4
.
Mysid
Ammonia
0.3 mg/L .
-A
B -:
C , ,.
50 1'5.9
'52 ± 8.3
-52 ± 7.0
90 ± 10.8
88 ;t 8:8
90''t'9.2
196 ± 22.7
205 ± 13.1
200 ± '18.7
356 ± 45.5
362 ± 45.9 '
358 ± 44.3
662 ± 103.7
693 ± 146.5.
677 ± .124.2
.v ... . �. ., w as uv�nw a...u�r as nal u�rw.. ur c.c J.
ABB: Values are average TRO concentrations for each treatment and replicant..
C: Values are the average TRO concentration for combined replicants of each treatment

Table 7. Free available oxidant* and total residual oxidant (values in arenthe
chlorine test expressed as 2g/L chlorine oxidants. P sis) in
A value of 0 pg/L indicates FAO was not detected or quantifiable.
Page 32 of 69 ,

Table 8. Free available oxidant and total residual oxidant (values inparenthesis
chlorine/NaBr test expressed as ALg/L bromine oxidants*.
in
Daphnid
Continuous
A
B
0 (23)
0 (23)
23 (113)
23 (124)
113 (203)
113 (203)
203 (450)
225 (428).
Daphnid
Intermit
A
B
0 (56)
0 (45)
0 (90)
0 (113)
0 (180)
0 (158)
68 (450)
0 (473)
Shiner -
Continuous
A
B
0 (45)
0 (56)
0 (79)
0 (90)
45 (146)
45 (180)
113 (315)
124 (338)
Shiner A
Intermit B
135 (360)
90 (360)
135 (360)
180 (405)
,495 (675),
450 (585)
630 (900)
720 (968)
495 (698)
450 (630)
473 (855)
338 (788)
495(698)
450 (630)
Trout
Continuous
B-
0 (23)
0(23
0 (68)
0
68 (180)
158 (270)
1193 (1395)
1418 (1710)
540 (698) .
-,
....... ,...... , -
.•iv
k.,vvl ".
JOJ k/Lu)
Trout
Intermit
A
0 (23) ,
0 (68)
68 (180)
158
(270) .
.
540 (698)
B
0 (23)
0 (68) .. .
68 (191) '
.180
(338)
.
585 (720) '
Amphipod
A
'
0 (23)
i
0 (113)
113 (203)
203
(450)
495 (698)
Continuous
B
0 (23) _
' 0. (124)
113 (203)
225
(428)
450 (630)
Amphipod
Intermit
A
• 0 (23)
23 (113)
113 (203) .
203
(450)
495 (698)
,
B
0 (23)
. -.
23 (124)
113 (203)
225
(428) -
' 450 (630)
SALTWATER
Mysid =_;.
A
23 (45)
, 45 (113). -
158 (203)
338
(450)
653 (788)
Continuous
B -
23 (45)
, 56 (101) . .
' 169 (180)
293
(383)
675 (731)
Mysid_:... . -
Intermit
A ' '
0 (113)
. ' _
' '
0(270)
135 (405)
630
(810) .
1328 (1575)
:)
.
B
0 (68)
0 (203)
45 (383)
473
(743),
1418 (1530)'
Silversides
Continuous B
23 (45)
23 (45)
45 (113)
56 (101)
158 (203).
169 (180)
338 (450)
293 (383)
Silversides.=
Intermit.
A
0 (113)
0 (68)
-0 (270)
0 (203)
135, (405)
45 (383)
630 (810)
473 (743)
653 .(788)
675 (731)
1328. (1575) .
. 1418 (1530)
* To convert bromine to chlorine equivalents divide by 2.25.`
Page.33 of,69

Table 9. FAO, measured during the ammonia exposures as Lcg/L chlorine or bromine (i.ig/L
Bromine/2.25 = u/L chlorine equivalents)
Test
Daphnid
Chlorine
Daphnid
Chlorine/NaBr
Mysid
Chlorine
Mysid
Chlorine/NaBr
Replicants
1(A)
1(B)
2(A)
2(B)
3(A)
3(B)
1(A)
1(B)
2(A)
2(B)
3(A)
3(B)
1(A)
1(B)
2(A)
2(B)
3(A)
3(B)
4(A)
4(B)
5(A)
5(B)
1(A)
1(B)
2(A)
2(B)
3(A)
3(B)
4(A)
4(B)
5(A)
5(B)
FAO
TRO
20
10
Page„ 34-.of .69

Table 10.
Decay
Time
(min)
Oxidant decav,*'measured_
(�eq, TRO) in fresh water
chlorine,- and chlorine plus
• TRO`
[ueq/LI
TRO
144 [p.eq/L]
astotal residual oxidant equivalents'
and 20'ppt salt water upon the addition of
1.5times the stoichiometric amount`of
Decay
Time
(min)
TRO
[ieq/L]
Na
Br.
TRO
LN [ILeq/L]
Cl, + NaBr
0
5'
25.35
• 21.2k7 .I
3.233
3.057
0
5
25.35
15.41
15
30
90
19.01 I
18.31 ,d
15.2
2.945
2.907
2.722:.
10
30
85
14.65
3.10
170
13.38
2.594
160
11.27
10.48
3.233
2.735
2.684
2.573
2.421
2.349
270
360
0
5
10
20.
50,
110
170
260
380
13.18
I
12.68,E
28.17 -1
f �
20.85 j
f i
19.15
17.•
32
15.77
13.52
12.82
2.579
260
8.39
2.189
2540
3338
3.037
2.952
2.852
2.758
2.604
2.551
350 -
0
4
10
18
30
90
150
7.61
28.17
14.93
12.96
3.338 •
2.703
2.562
11.83 2.471
9.72 , 2.274.
6.48 1.869
5.07 .. 1.623
3.38 . 1.218
2.25 0.811
These obseivatif ns are fitted to a two-phase first order model and plotted in
Figure 1 (fresh water) and Figure 2 (salt water).
1
10.85
9.01
2.384
2.198 ,.
240
360

Table 11.
Test Time
(min.)
240
360
1290
1345
350
380
405
525
Oxidant Decay,x Measured as Total Residual Oxidant(TRO)
Freshwater = Equivalents in
TRO Range
4ugL Chlorine.
900 - 495
900 -. 450
727 - 275
840 - 250
Avg .± SD
TRO Range
kg/L Bromine
2025 - 608
1901 90.
2036 .- 338 .
1530 - <23
Ave. ± SD
K,'
(min') -.
0.015
0.010
0.023
0.017
0.016 ±,0.005
0.055
0.050
0.061
0.050
0.054 ± 0.005
0.848
0.775
0.947
0.812
(min')
Chlorine;
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001 _± 0.000
- - Chlorine Plus Bromide •
0.818
0.819
0.829
0.864
0.002
0.006
0.003
0.007
0.005 ± 0.002
0.988
0.806
0.998
0.983
0.986
0.983
0.983
0.980,
The test results' are `expressed as micrdgram/liter (pg/L) chlorine for all tests conducted
with chlorine in the absence of added bromides. For tests with bromides; added at 1.5 times
the stoichiometric amount of chlorine, residual TRO concentrations are expressed as µg L
bromine. The observations were fitted to 'a two-phase first order model. /
Page 36 of 69.

Table 12.
Oxidant decay," measured as Total Residual Oxidant (TRO) equivalent
ppt saltwater. Q s in
• TestTime - TRO. Range ` - Ki.
(min) ug/L Chlorine (rain')
i
380 1000 - 320 :0.039
415 1000 - 350 0.055
705 1000 - 315 0.035
720 1000 -.310 0.048
1I
Avg t SD , 0.044 t 0.009
TRO Range ". ,
/
i;ce/L Bromine
Chlorine Pius Bromide
! e
120 . 2205 - 360 0.085 0.873 0.008
240 .. . . 2183 - 45 0.094
360 , " 220 - 180 _ 0.073 � 0.910 0.0 I3
395 2216 - 22 , 0:798 0.005
0.083 0.873 0.009
Avg t SD 0.084 t-0.009
Chlorine
0.905 0.002
0.889 0.001
0.810 0.001
0.926 0.001
0.001 ± 0.001
0.009 t 0.003
0.984
0.887
0.853
0.936
0.998
0.994
0.972
0.964
'The test results are expressed as microgram/liter (pg/L) chlorine for all tests conducted
with chlorine in the absence of added bromides. For tests with bromides, added at 1.5 times
the stoichiometrc amount of chlorine, residual TRO concentrations are expressed as ALe/L
bromine. The observations were fittedtoa two-phase first order model.

Table 13.
Estimates* of the relative environmental impact on a freshwater stream resulting
from from the treatment of cooling water by chlorination in the presence and the
absence of sodium bromide.
Effluent Flow as
% of Riverflow.
Rainbow Trout
Impact Ratio
Chlorine/Bromine
Golden Shiner
Impact Ratio
Chlorine/Bromine
0
1.19
2.21
10
1.45
3.37
25
2.38
5.15
50
6.71
22.9
-- •
100....._._
9.41
.. 97.1
Estimates for rainbow trout are based on the Estimates for golden shiner are based on the
following inputs: following inputs:
96-h LC50 : bromine _ 0.85 98_h LC50 : bromine _ 3.61
chlorine 1.66
96-h LC1: bromine _ 0.16
chlorine 0.48
chlorine 8.57
96-h LC1: bromine - 1.11
chlorine 2.06 . -
Oxidant decay K, bromine - 0.054 K, bromine 0.054
Y � Oxidant deca
K chlorine 0.016 y. _
K, chlorine 0.016
Kz bromine '0.005 . K2 bromine 0.005
K chlorine 0.001 K2 chlorine - 0.001
Further details are given in Appendix A
Page 38.of.69

Figure 1: Oxidant decay as ueq TRO in freshwater
3:5
3.0
2.5 '-
2.0—
1.5 —
1.0 —
0.5 —
Cl2 _ Cl2 +. NaBr
k� =—1.81X-10
2
r = 0.902
2
k2 = —0.10X 10-2'
r2 =0.790
Naer.
2
_ —5.49X 10-2
0.819
1.61Xi02
0.790
60 120 180 240 300 360 420
TIME (Minutes)
Page 39 of 69

Figure 2. Oxidant decay as /leq TRO in saltwater
3.5
3.0
TIME (Minutes)
Page 40 of 69

APPENDIX A
Relative Environmental Impact Estimates
for Chlorine and Bromine Used for the Control of Biofouling
Condenser Cooling Systems
by
L. Bongers
W. Furth
B&B Environmental Services Inc.
• Baltimore, MD.
June 1991
Page 41. of 69

ABSTRACT
When used in combination with chlorine, sodium bromide can significantly reduce chlorine
application requirements because thebromine oxidants generated under such conditions
control biofouling more effectively. Also, since bromine oxidants dissipate two to five
times faster than chlorine oxidants, the impact on the environment could be considerably
less.
Therefore, although the LC5's for bromine oxidants are lower than the LC53's for chlorine
oxidants, the effect of the more rapid decay combined with the. Tower demand could
significantly reduce the environmental impact of biofouling control.
To evaluate the extent of the impact reduction and the factors affecting the reduction, the
relative mortality risks were ..estimated for rainbow trout and golden shiner. In the
calculations, the two test species (a freshwater and a saltwater species) were subjected
to continuous biocide applications. It was further assumed that the electric facility used
varying amounts of the flow of a freshwater stream for heat rejection.
Computations indicate that asignificant reduction in impact can be expected . when
sodium bromide is used in conjunction with chlorine. The extent of the environmental
benefits would increase when biocide application rates increase, as well as when a larger
portion of the river flow is used by the electric facility for heat rejection.
These findings indicate that the anticipated reduction is principally attributable to the
relatively rapid chemical decay of bromine oxidants and, to a lesser extent, also to the
lower amount of bromine oxidants 'needed for the same degree of biofouling control.
Page 42- of 69

A. PROBLEMSTATEMENT
Since there is a viable alternative to chlorine for controlling•
biofouling of power plant cooling systems,_ the environmental
consequences oaf changing from chlorine to the alternative must be
ascertained.' The alternative considered here is bromine, which is
generated from chlorine when sodium bromide is simultaneouslyadded
to chlorine in the cooling waterl
One way of evaluating the environmental impact of such a change is.
to estimate the relative mortality risks to which all the organisms
are subjected when they -are entrained -in chlorinated or broininated'
water which flows through the cooling system. The impact estimate
would also include the effects in the receiving waters which mix
with the discharge.
The sample calculations, shown below, are based on mortality and
chemical decay information collected as part. of the present studv2.
The calculations provide a comparative impact estimate for rainbow
trout and golden shiner..
The method is based upon a simple and understandable set of
computations,: Similar calculations can be made for other organisms
for which the mortality and the no -effect threshold information is
available. 1
I
Throughout this appendix we shall use a Lagrangian approach; that
is, we start With a parcel of ^water,•and follow it through the
plant and thel transport and mixing in. the river. The .oxidant.
concentration in that parcel of water, as a function time, is the
concentrationdefined in this manner. Further, the; time integral of
the concentration is also such a Lagrangian integral. Since this
integral will be used to estimate the impact, we assume that the
exposed organisms effectively' follow the flow.
1Please se
e
1`ease�`"see
B. ASSUMPTIONS
text for added discussion.'
text.
Page'43_of 69

1• Physical Arrangement
The following sequence of events is assumed:'
Thebiocide is introduced into the once -through ouu gh cooling
It passes through the system, with no dilution
returned to the river. until it is
This river flows: steadily away from the cooling: water intake.
In the river, the concentration of the biocide in_the,coolin
water is diluted with theriver.water. g
After a certain time,this dilution is effectively com let
(i.e., the river is laterally well mixedmp ew
xed fl
proceeds downstream withnoadditions or losses to the -water.
r.
2. Chemical Reactions:
Based upon experimental data, it is assumed that the chem
(i.e. biocide) undergoes••a two-phaseical
asi-
process . .That is, if'- M (t) is them mass remaining timeorder
t, decay
M( t) exp (-k t)
M(0)
exp (-kits) exp (-k2 ['t-
Let c(t) be the concentration4, define
cB-sc(0) e-kttl
0 s t.s
]) tlst<ce
The concentration, including chemical decay and dilution, is
c(t) M( t) divided by dilution factor
c(0) M(0)
3Please see text..
4A notation table is provided at the end o .
- .-- _ f this appendix
Page 44:of 69_.-

3. Mortality' Relationships
One -cif-the key assumptions is thatthe time integral of the
concentration above a threshold concentration is a measure of the
impact:. The threshold concentration; of course, is the largest
concentration which a specified organism can withstand for a long
time.peribd"without suffering acute, toxic effects. In absence, of
other_i-nformation, a LC15 value may be, used in the computations.
I
For some organisms, the LC50 or LCno concentrations, as a function
of exposure time X, .are reasonably accurately described by a
hyperbola:.-
_= I aX +,b •
i X - c
where, a', - b; -ands c are constants6.. In, such a -representation,' the
threshold is the concentration as X goes to infiity, 'that is, the
,constant a.' This constant, \even though it dependsnAupon the organism
and -the -biocide, should be reasonably independent of.the mortality
level.:.Also_, the constant c, .which. has dimensions of time, is'
usuallysmall compared toltimes of.interest, such as 96 hours.
We- can- simplify
where.
this equation, as follows
Y T = constant
Y = ,Concentration above threshold
T = Time beyond c
and where the constant depends upon mortality level and, of course, the biocide and species considered This equation is consistent
with a<dose-above-a-thresholdevaluation, approach.
4. Mixing
The hydrological mixing of the effluent with the receiving stream
is complex and depends on site specific"features. Eventhough this
phenomena ��may be one of the- few'aspects of the over-all problem
which is. solvable from first or second principles we shall use
only a very simple way of estimating the dilution. Presuming that
the mixing process is not iflfluenced by the choice of biocide, it
5 T,C'x, (T) ; is meant the concentration which results in XX o
mortality when exposed for T_time. If T is not specified, assume it
to be 96 hours.
lease see Wang: and Hanson, 1985, asreferenced in the text.
Page 45 of 69

is reasonable to assumethat the comparative is not significantly impact of two biocides
Csnnotuentny, y influenced by the exact nature of the mixin
we shall assume that the amount of river water mixed
with' the effluent increases proportional with time, until all of
the river flow is involved. It is further assumed that during this
mixing the effluent is completely mixed lateral to it's flow (i.e.,
that it is Independent of space, in the Lagrangian system. a
that longitudinal mixing is negligible. ), nd
The dilution factor7, with the above assumptions, is
MIN( �', MAX( 1, 1+(Y-1)
C -C:
C„, - Cr
5. Measure of Impact
The time integral of the concentration over the thresh
_ .. old is
Z = f max[ (c(t) -c) , o] dt
0 -
C•
f (c(t) -cm) dt
0
where t' is the time when c(t) = crH and where cTH is the threshold
concentration.
To obtain the relative impact, we calculate
Z' = Z
C96 Cr-N
where c96 is the concentration for LC at 96. hours. The
has the dimension of time. The relative impact between quantity it '
and 2 (namely,en biocides Z
chlorine oxidants and bromine oxidants w 1
ratio of the above quantity calculated for each biocide, or
the
2 . 2-
C 96
c1 _cant
. 7
Z1.
R1.2 = 2
Z
where the superscripts refer to biocide land 2. This ratio has no
dimension. If it is larger than 1, biocide 1 has a larger im ac
than biocide 2. This ratio may reflect the comparative mortality.
7
Please see notation section for definition ofthe symbols
Page 46 of 69

C. SPECIAL: CASES
Some special cases can be solved simply.. For example, if: we have no
mixing,_with the river water, as would happen if all of`the river
water is used for cooling, we have
1. c(0)
Z' +
TH
c t•
C9 6 - CT'�l
kl . C9 6 - Cm,
(c(o) -ca.) k2 + (cB-c) k
kl k2 (c96 - cam)
if cBsc
TN
CB> C
In contrast, if theriver flow is very large as compared to the
effluent, and ! the concentration is'.
immediatly diluted to
negligible- leveis _as soon as the effluent reaches ethe river, then
t=cnN c 1 c (0) -k t
—' [1-e 1r]
Sn - C:x kl C9 - C27y
provided only that the concentration in the effluent just prior to
enteringthe river is larger than either cg or cm
CALCULATED CASES
1. Impact: of Decay Times
Several:_.computations were made for the chlorine
1):.: � and.... bromine oxidants - (biocide 2), oxidants (biocide
on
determining- the impact of their different chemical decay times• The
ratio of the. total river flow to the effluent flow was used as a.
parameter.
The physical parameters are shown in Table 1,°and the chemical and
_ biological parameters are shown in Table 2a. The organism for which
impact is calculated is the Rainbow Trout. In order to evaluate the
impact of the chemical decaytimes,;• the..initial concentration in
the,cooiing water is twice the LC50 concentration : for both biocides.
The impacts; t'-� and the impact ratio were calculated for various amounts pf effluent flowcomparedthe
with these parameters. The results. are shown in Table 3aVeInf that
table, both t' and Z. have the dimension5 of minutes..
From these computations it is evident that bromine has less of -an
adverse impact than chlorine.. Forexample,' if the cooling -system'
borrows:25% of the river flow, the impact_ of'bromine-is'only about.
40% of the impact of chlorine. Additional. computation.were made
Page 47 of 69

which showed that the benefits of bromine over chlorine increases
as both initial concentrations are increased. With hindsight, this
is what one would expect.
Not surprisingly, the larger the fraction of the river that is.used
for cooling, the larger the relative benefits of bromine. The
"reason" for the advantage, in all cases, is the more rapid
chemical decay of bromine as compared to chlorine.
2. Combined Impact
The computations discussed above dealt principally with the
difference in the decay times. Additional computations, to include
the impact of different initial concentrations relative to the LC50
levels, have to be made.
Sample computations were made for the Golden Shiner. For this
organism the chlorine and the bromine LC50 concentration are shown
in Table 2b. The no -effect threshold levels, as well as the initial
selected concentrations are also shown in that table. It should be
noted -that the ratio of the initial concentration to the LC50 values
are different for the two biocides. These initial concentrations
were Selected on the basis of a methodology developed by Bongers et
al 1977 and Liden et al 1980. The stated biocide concentrations
would control biofouling to operationally acceptable levels at an
ambient temperature of 25°C. The results of the sample calculations
are shown in Table 3b.
E. CONCLUSIONS
These sample computations indicate that a significant reduction in
the environmental impact may result from using bromine instead of
chlorine for biofouling control. This anticipated reduction is
attributable to the relatively rapid chemical decay of thebromine
oxidants, and also to the relatively lower amount of bromine needed
for the same degree of biofouling control.
For the chemical and toxicity data used, the "benefits" of bromine
(i.e., reduced mortality) would have a tendency to increase as
biocidedemand increases and/or the cooling water flow increases
relative to the river flow.
With hindsight, this is what one would expect. Thus qualitative
common sense is matched by the computational method, which has the
added advantage of being both unemotional and quantitative.
Critical issues not addressed are:
The effects of changes in oxidant --decay which may result from
changes in water quality; •
LC50 values significantly different from those used in..these
sample computations;
•
Page 48 of 69

"Stationary" organisms, such as benthics which reside in•the
mixing zone, and organisms. which enter the cooling water after
it is discharged; and
Intermittent biocide applications instead of the continuous
application as used in the present computations.
Page 49 of-69

Table 1 Physical Inputs
t
r
Effluent Flow/ River Flow
60 minutes
5 minutes
0, 10%, 250, 50%, and 100%
Table 2a Chemical and Bioloaical In ut
Rainbow Trout
Chlorine Bromine
-
c(0) .3 .32 1.70 µ eq/1
c96 1.66 0.85 µ eq/1
c(o) 2
c,' 2
TV
0.48 0.16 µ eq/1
k1 0.016 0.054 min-1
k2 0.001 0.005 min-1
tl 15 15 min
Table 2b Chemical and Biolo ical In ut
Golden Shiners
Chlorine Bromine
c(0) 9.44 2.66 µ eq/1
C96 8.57 3.61 µ eq/1
moo) 1.10 .737
,c
CTxf 2.06 1.11 µ eq/1
k1 0.016 0.054 min-1
k2 0.001 0.005 min-1
CI 15 15 min
Page 50 of 69.

Table 3a Results of Computations.
Rainbow Trout
T-1 Chlorine Bromine
R1,2
Z' t• Z• t.
0 11.4 5 9.61 5 1.19
0.10 24.0 . 32 16.6 26 1.45
0.25 61.0 323 25.6 57 2.38
0.50 336 1010 50.1 188 6.71
1.00 1148 1709 122. 326 9.41
Table 3b Results of Computations
Golden Shiners
T11-1 • Chlorine
Bromine R, 2
Z' it. Z. t-.
'0 5.39 5 2.44 5. 2.21
0.10 9.95 21 2.96 8.5 3.37
0.25 17.6 50 3.41 11 5.15
0.50 88.3, 604 3.85 14 22.9
1.06 433. 1297 4.46 28 97.1
Page 51 of 69

Notation
Symbol Definition
a, b, c Constants
c(t) Concentration
LC50 concentration, 96 hrs
CB c (0) ei-kl bt
cTH Threshold concentration
k1,2 Exponents in chemical_ decay
M(t) Mass measure
Ratio of effluent flow
to total river flow
Ratio of Z' for biocide 1
to Z' for biocide 2
Time, time = 0 -. is at
introduction of biocide
tl Break time, chemical equation
tin Time when mixing complete
tr Time when effluent reaches river
t' Time when c(t)=c
T TH
X - c
X Exposure time in equation
I' Concentration, specified mortality
Y - c :
Z Defined in text
Z'
Defined in text
C96
R1, 2
*
Note:
Superscripts refer to biocides
Dimension
various
eq/ 1
µeq/1
µ eg/ 1
µ eq/1
min-1
min
min
min
min
min
time
hrs
mg/1
conc.
time conc,
time
t
*
Page 52 of 69

APPENDIX B
Relative Environmental Impact Estimates for Chlorine and Bromine
Used for the Control of Biofouling Condenser Cooling Systems
Page 53 of 69

PROTOCOL FOR THE TESTING OF THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BROMIDE
ON THE TOXICITY OF CHLORINE TO FRESH AND SALTWATER ORGANISMS
Prepared for
The Sodium Bromide/Bromine Chloride
• Task Force
Prepared by
Leonard H. Bongers, Ph.D.
Dennis T. Burton, Ph.D.
August 1990.
Page 54. of 69

FOREWORD
This protocol, was prepared at the request of the Sodium Bromide/Bromine Chloride Task
Force by Leonard i H. Bongers, Ph.D., B&B Environmental Services, Inc. and Dennis T. Burton,
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Group., The
test protocol is designed in accordance with suggestions submitted by EPA (Mr. Charles Kaplan's
memo of March 16, 1990) to the Task Force.
Page 55- of 69

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
TECHNICAL APPROACH AND METHODS
Oxidant Analysis
Exposure Procedure
Test Organisms and Exposure Conditions
Treatment Conditions
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
REPORTING PROCEDURES
Total Residual Oxidant Reporting
LCSO Reporting
PROGRAM SCHEDULE
Page
• 5S
57
57
57
57
58
61
62
64
65
65
65
66
Pace 56 of 69

INTRODUCTION
Chlorination of wastewater bylim
Poiws .to einate the discharge of pathogenic organisms
and: the - use of- chlorine by electric utilities to: inhibit biofouling are a widespread practice.
Research has shown, however, that chlorine -induced oxidants, since they decay relatively slowly,
may.. be toxic to aquatic life when discharged into receiving waters.
The use of sodium bromide in conjunction with chlorine may solve this problem.
applied with chlorine, sodium bromide is oxidized by hypochlorous acid (HOC1) to hyp bromous
acid (HOBr) and sodium chloride. Due to the relatively low bond strengths, bromine residuals
exhibit low stability. They are more reactive than chlorine residuals and; thus, should perform
better_
In cooling water containing ammonium salts, application of sodium bromide with chlorine
should result in much lower levels of oxidant residuals because the slow-deca rme
would- not be generated. Ymg chloramines
The protocol outlined here is designed to evaluate the decay.of oxidants generated by
chlorine in fresh and salt water in the presence and in the absence of sodium bromide ano
determine the effect of sodium bromide on the biotoxicity. d to
.PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
The 'objective of the proposed test , program is to compare residual biotoxicities to
representative fresh water and saltwater organisms exposed to water chlorinated in the presence
of sodium bromide with similar water chlorinated in the absence of added sodium bromide.
TECHNICAL: APPROACH AND METHODS
:Oxidant Analysis
-The chlorination of fresh and salt water may result in the formation, of a large number cf
:: reaction products having varying kinetic constants- and_ oxidizing capacity.
titration 'method, described -in Standard Methods, 408C (APHA 1985), will be Selected nto
determine total residual oxidants (TRO). Since it is essential to preserve the chemical conditions
:-as of the moment of sampling, a back-titrationamperomet is end -point detection method will be
selected: Fixation of oxidants at the time of sampling may be necessary because free oxidant, and
especially bromine oxidants, decay relatively rapidly. .Otherwise, the measurements could result
in a substantial over -estimate of toxicity.

To implement the method, excess phenylarsine oxide (PAO) will be added to the samples
to fix available oxidant. Unreacted PAO will be determined by back titration with iodine solution
of known concentration using an arnperometric titrator for endpoint detection.
Potentiometric methods also will be evaluated to . determine whether direct -mode
measurements provide sufficient sensitivity, accuracy and precision. If performance satisfies
program objectives, the technique will be employed for routine TRO monitoring.
We anticipate the amperometric back titration method to be able to routinely detect TRO
levels of 0.01 mg/L and quantify levels Of 0.02 mg/L of chlorine equivalents.
• Exposure Procedure
In view of the anticipated rapid oxidant decay, special provisions were necessary to create
a reasonably stable environment for animal exposure. The design selected, illustrated in Fig. 1,
will, at constant biocide feed rate, obtain steady-state oxidant decay along the length of the
channel. Withdrawal of test fluid at a given location along the decay channel will yield fluid of
constant total residual oxidant leveL
Diluent water (fresh or saltwater) (A; Fig. 1) and stock halogen solution (chlorineor
chlorine plus sodium bromide) (B; Fig. 1) will be continually mixed in a mixing chamber
(C; Fig. 1). The halogen stock solutions, the concentrations of which will be determined during
the initial phases of the study, will be held in glass containers wrapped in black plastic to exclude
all light. Water leaving the mixing chamber will flow through the PVC decaymodule of 10'
sections (D; Fig. 1) to allow for decay of the oxidants. Halogenated water will be delivered from
the decay module to replicate test aquaria (F; Fig. 1) at points which provide a geometric series
of five test concentrations. We will attempt to include one concentration in the geometric series
that kills 84 to 100% of the test organisms and one concentration that kills between 0 to 16%
of the test organisms. Observations will be made at a minimum of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72
and 96 hours. Observations of abnormal behavior, iminobiliry, Ioss of equilibrium, etc. will be
recorded.
The test aquaria will be sized so that loading of the fish will. not exceed 0.5 g/L. Loading
will be less for the invertebrates. All test aquaria will be held in a constant -temperature water
bath (E; Fig. 1). All materials for both the chlorine and chlorine/sodium bromide test syste:*ns
will be PVC, silicon, or glass. Dissolved oxygen and temperature _will be ,measured in all test
chambers in replicate.A during the period TO to T24 and T48 to T72 hours of the study; replicate
B. during the period..T24. to.'.T48 and T72 to T96. Conductivity -.Or salinity.. and pH . will be
measured by standard procedures at the beginning and end of each test and every 24 hours in
all controls,., and- the. high, medium, and low halogen concentrations. Total..Residual Oxidants
(TRO) concentrations'are to be measured, as a minimum, at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60,
72,' 84, and 96 hours.--.TAO is -to -be measured in each test chamber for, all.replicates.
Page 58 of 69

Test procedures 'and statistical analyses will be performed in accordance with EPA/600/4-
85/013 with the following exceptions: 1) all test temperatures will be 25 ± 2°C except for
rainbow trout which will be run at 15 + 1°C, and 2) reference toxicant information will be
supplied for daphnids and mysids only.
Page 59 of 69

III •
F
Figure 1. Schematic of oxidant decay channel used for side by side comparison of test
solutions containing chlorine in one channel while the parallel. channel (not
shown) contains a mixture of chlorine and sodium bromide. The decay modules
will be constructed from PVC schedule 40 pipe with inside diameter of 2, 3, or 4
inches.
A = Diluent Water
B = Halogen Tank
C = Mixing Chamber
Page 60 of 69 .
D = Module
E = Water Bath
F = Test Aquaria

Test Organisms and
Exposure Conditions.
Flow -through tests will be performed on early life stages of the following organic
Fresh water organisms:
Species
•
Age orSize
: Rainbow trout (Oncorhvnchus mvkiss) 15-30 days old ± 48 h
Common shiner (Notropis sp.) -- 1 to 2 inches
Amphipod (Garnmarus sp. or Hvallella sp.) Juvenile
Waterflea (Daphnia manna) < 24 hrold
Salt water organisms:
Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) * 7-11 days old + 24.h
' Mysid shrimp (Mvsidopsis bahia). 1-5 days old + 24 h
Biotoxicities will be
xpressed as:
Rainbow trout
Common shiner
Amphipod
Waterflea
Atlantic silverside
Mysid shrimp
96-h LCSO
96-h LCSO
96-h LC50
48-h LC50**
96-h LC50
96-h LC50.
The waterflea and mysid -shrimp will be obtained from the Johns Hopkins-
University/Applied Physics Laboratory"(JHU/AP.L) Culture Facility located at Shady Side, Maryland,
where the, studies, will be conducted: Rainbow trout, common shiner, amphipod,- and Atlantic
silverside will be 'obtained from various suppliers. Each species will be ,exposed to. chlorinated
water and chlorinated/brominated; water in',separate systems run side by' side
All species will be tested: by definitive continuous flow acute ` toxicity test procedures
described above. Briefly, five test concentrations plus control with two replicates of 10 organisms
minimum per replicate will be used. All exposures will be 96 hours with the, exception ofthe
water flea which will be 48 hours:, The acclimation and test temperature for all of the test
animals, with the exception ofwrainbow trout, will be 25 (±2)°C. Rainbow trout will be
acclimated and' tested at 15 ± 1°C. Non -chlorinated deep well water, which has an average
alkalinity of 7156 mg/L as CaCO„hardness of r---.190 mg/L as CaCO„ and pH of will be used
In the event that the Atlantic silverside minnows are no; available
silverside minnow (Menidia bervllina) may be substituted .'
** An attempt will be made to provide a 96-h LC50.
Page 61. of,_69_.

for the freshwater organisms. Filtered Chesapeake Bay water 8-12 ppt
salts
to a salinity of rz 20 ppt will be used for the salt water organisms. augmented Dissoly dsea oxygen
concentrations will be maintained at, a minimum of 4.0 mg/L at 25°C and 6.0 mg/L at 15°C. The
photo period will be held at 16 hours light, 8 hours dark for all studies.
Treatment Conditions.
For each organism tested, each set of pairedtreatment conditions 1.A and 1.B; 2.A and
2.B; 3.A and 3.B shall be conducted simultaneously.
Using test organisms and exposure procedure identified above, the following treatment
conditions will be tested:
Treatment Condition 1.A:
Continuous application of C12 and ClJNaBr; rainbow trout,.
common shiner, amphipod, waterflea; groundwater.
Two test runs will be made with the listed fresh water organisms. Groundwater will be
used in this test series. For each test.run, a constant rate of chlorine without sodium bromide
will be fed to one decay channel whereas sodium bromide' will be added to the second channel
at 1.5 times the stoichiometric concentration of chlorine. The animals will be exposed to biocide
concentrations from approximately 1 mg/L TRO to the residual level remaining after a decay time
of approximately 90 minutes. Ninetysix-h LC50s will be determined for all animals with the
possible exception of the waterflea.
Treatment Condition 1.B:
Continuous: application of Cl, and CLJNaBr, Atlantic
silverside and rnysid shrimp; 20 ppt salt .water
Two "test runs will be made with the, marine' organisms listed earlier. Estuarine water (20
ppt salinity) will .be used for this test series. Biocide applications will be as in Treatment
Condition 1.A.. Ninetysix-h LC50s will be determined.
Treatment Condition 2.A:
Intermittent application of Cl2 and CLJNaBr, common
shiner and water flea; groundwater.
To evaluate the effect of intermittent biocide.
be applied for 40 minutes at 8-h intervals. Chlorine
one channel Will receive, in addition, NaBr at 1.5
chlorine. Intermittent LC50s.will be calculated.
Page 62"of:69
application, elevated levels of biocide will
will be injected in both channels, whereas
times 'the stoichiometric concentration of

Treatment Condition 2.B: Intermittent application -of C12 and C1,,NaBr; Atlantic
silverside and mysid shrimp; 20 ppt salt water.
The test run will be as described under Treatment Condition 2.A, except that salt water
will be used. - ..
Treatment Condition 3.A: Ammonia; CLt; waterflea; groundwater.
To evaluate the effect of chloramines . on . biotoxicity, waterfleas will be exposed to
groundwater chlorinated in the presence of ammonia. The test channels described earlier will be
used for this test series as well. A fortyeight-h LC50 will be calculated. In addition to TRO, FAO
shall be determined on a 12-h interval in the stock solution and the highest exposure
concentration .tested.
Treatment Condition 3.B: Ammonia; CL,/NaBr, mysid; 20 ppt salt water.
To evaluate the effects of bromamines on biotoxicity, the test procedure described. under
3.A will be repeated using chlorine in combination with sodium bromide. This will include the
determination of FAO as in 3.A.
Additional Tests
Die-awav Tests
These tests will be designed to measure oxidant decay with time in the dark. TRO
measurements will be started at approximately 0.3 mg/L and measurements shall be continued
until a concentration of approximately 0.02 mg/L or less is obtained. A sufficient number of
measurements shall be obtained to allow a reasonable plot of the data.. A total of four tests will
be performed as follows:
Freshwater with chlorine.± sodium bromide
Salt water with chlorine ± sodium bromide.
At predetermined intervals, a 200-ml aliquot will be taken, fixed with PAO, and analyzed
for residual oxidant.
Page 63 of 69

Free Available Oxidant Measurements
Using Standard Methods 408C (1985), FAO will be determined in addition to TRO, one
during a test run when sodium bromide is added to the groundwater, and once durin a tot.
run when sodium bromide is absent. g
Table 1.. Summary Test Results
Treatment Condition L_ Test
Number of
Fluid*
Chambers Conc • Controls Species
1A C12 vs C12/NaBr GW 2 5
1B C12 vs 'C12/NaBr SW 2
2A C12 vs C12/NaBr
2B C12 vs C12/NaBr -
GW2
-SW2
5
5
3A C12 vs C12+NH4 GW 2 5
3b C12/NaBr vs GW 2 5
C12/NaBr+NH4
* GW: groundwater
SW: salt water
uality Assurance and Quality Control
The Toxicity Testing Group of JHU/APL has a quality assurance%quality control program
for all phases of its toxicity projects. The objective of the program is to assure that
are representative and valid; 2)are�ma,1} all results
testing procedures or reports; 3) results of all studiese provide identifyto atisfac oand re basis cty for
comparison
in
with other studies;. and 4) .confidence. in the results of the' Toxicity servicesTesting Group cis
sufficient to assure their reliability to the sponsor, regulatory
details see the JHU/APL manual entitled "Standard tiang Procedureencies and s e forbAcutlic. eo E� further
Toxicity Tests with Freshwater and Salt Water Organisms." July 1987. This SOP manual is
submitted: to providequality assurance and quality control information for this study. However,
this manual, dated July 1987, is incomplete insofar as -it does nor reflect all conditions -planned
for this study. To the extent that any condition in the SOP is inconsistent with the condition
stated in the protocol, the condition in the protocol shall govern. aon
2
2
Exposure.
88
44
44
44
22
22

REPORTING PROCEDURES
Total Residual Oxidant Reporting
All oxidant measurements will be
•chlorinated water, the oxidizing capacity
as chlorine equivalents. No attempt or
constitute the oxidants.
LC50 Reporting
reported in mg/L. When bromide (Br) is added to
of the solution will be expressed as mg/L oxidant, or
speculation will be made on what chemical species
The definitive; acute toxicity data will be analyzed statistically in accordance with EPA
document 600/4-85/013.
4
Page 65 of 69

B & B ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
Tel [phone]
Fax. [phone]
•
THE TESTING OF THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BROMIDE ON, THE
TOXICITY' OF CHLORINE TO FRESH AND SALTWATER ORGANISMS
Test Schedule
1. Design, Installation,;& Testing Of Set-up
1.1 * Order and receive control equipment;
1.2.* Design and assembly of modules;
1.3 * Installation of control equipment;
1.4 * Pre -op test runs;
1.5 * Program checkout,including
2. Biotoxicity Test Runs
2.1 * Treatment condition IA and/or 1B; 3
2.2 * Treatment condition lA and/or 1B;, 3
2.3 * Treatment condition 2A and 2B
2.4 * Treatment condition 3A and 3B
3. Die -away Test
4. Final Draft Report
Page 66 of° 69
completion
completion
completion
completion
analytical
species
species
431 Drury Lane
Baltimore, Maryland 21229
10/15/9.0
10/15/90'
10/31/90.
11/15/90
11/15/90
11/16 to 12/31
1/1 to 1/31
2/1 to 3/8
3/11 to 3/31
12/1/90 tol/31/
5/1/91 _

APPENDIX C
Protocol Amendment #1
Page 67 of 69

December 3, i990
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT # 1
The following three revision to the protocol entitled
"Protocol for
the Testing of the Effects of Sodium Bromide on the Toxicity of Chlo-
rine to Fresh and Saltwater Organisms" were discussed and approved
by USEPA representatives.
1. Test Species
The protocol specified the common shiner as of
for treatment conditions lA and 2A. Becauseone of availabilitythe test apro-
blems, the golden shiner will be used in stead ofthe common shiner
for treatment conditions lA and 2A.
2. Size of the Shiner
The protocol specified the size of the shiner
as 1 to 2 inches.
Since test animals of that size were not available from commercial.
dealers, a larger size will be tested. ciai
con-
ditions lA and 2A; golden shiners in thesizerangor e
o3
inches will be used. 9 of 2.5 to 3.5
3. Oxidant Delivery System
Because of the size of the golden shiner, the oxidant deliver
system described and illustrated in figure 1 of the
cannot be employed. protocol,
Instead, a continuous -flow oxidant delivery
system will be used, which is similar to the system described b
J.R. Vanderhorst et al. in Bull.
577-584; 1977. This system consists lofnindividualntam. Tstockl� Y
foreach halogen concentration. 17. ,
via a Masterflex pump to a mixingEach stock solution solutions
chamber and mixed withme hied
water. The halogenated feed from each mixingchamber willethent
be split to each treatment replicate. thenh
test animals, will be P The aquaria, housing the
There will be no changes btorthe analyticalged in a aprocednt urestspe
in the protocol. bath.
P All analyses will be performed as describedbed
the protocol. in
Program anagement:
T DennisBurton, Ph.D.
Leonard H. Bohgers, Ph.D.
Progr m Sponsor:^^
IJ�J)
--Louise L. Wen, Ph.D.
:Chairperson, NaBr/BrCl Panel
Page 68 of 69

Toxicology and
Regulatory Affairs
ETHYL CORPORATION
Health and Environment Department.
December 7, 1990
Dr. Leonard H. Bongers
B&B Environmental Services, Inc.
431 Drury Lane
Baltimore, MD 21229
Dear Leonard:
Enclosed is a signed protocol amendment for the
NaBr test. Please include it as an addendum in the
final study report.
Looking forward to see you next week.
LLW:ab
080LLW90
Enclosure
Sincerely,
Louise L. Wen, Ph.D.
Chairperson
NaBr/Br Industry Panel
Ethyl Tower
451 Florida Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70801
Page 69 of 69

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
ENGINEERING. DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION
NPDES PERMIT# NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 261T
Significant changes proposed include the removal of (4) four obsolete direct
contact air conditioning systems, .the upgrading of (1) one system and the
installation of (2) two new systems. Advanced designs allow the chilled water
system volume to remain at 20,000 gallons. Also, the chiller tonnage is being
increased from 833 to 1711tons with a resulting volume increase to 5000 gallons.
Worst case blow down from the chilled water system to the tower system is 10,000
gallons/day with a maximum biocide addition of 910 grams/day. Blow down from the
tower system to the permitted discharge is 24,480 gallons/day with a maximum
biocide addition of 230 grams/day plus residual from the chilled water system.
The cooling water system at the Bladen facility is the source of the water permitted.
under NPDES NCG50000(500257). Three steps are required to determine they,
concentration of the b ocide discharged to the surface. In order to understand these steps ==_
a basic understanding of the entire system is necessary.
The system consists of two separate water circulation loops and holding capacity .:
at the end of the pipe.i The holding tank at the end of, the pipe is the. source of the .,,
discharge. The tower loop, see schematic attached, is the source of the biocide in the
holding tank. The ch.11ed water loop contributes biocide to the tower loop. Also, biocide —
is fed directly into the tower loop.
The,chilied water loop is made up of a large surnp, 20,000 gallons, with pumped
circuits to the chit er evaporator and to several air conditioning systems. It should be
noted that -there is no blow down from any of these devices. All water pumped to them is
either evaporated or returned to the sump. Any water condensed into these systems is
also returned to the sump. The sources of make up water for this loop is condensation
from the. atmosphere and city water. Biocide is added to this system at one point at a
maximum rate of 910 'g/day. Blow down containing some biocide residue is cascaded to
the tower loop at a maximum rate of 10,000 gallons/day.
(I)

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.,
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 261T
The tower loop is similar to the chilled water loop. Recirculating water is
pumped from a small sump, 5000 gallons, through.the chiller condenser, through the
tower and back to the sump. All water pumped through this loop is returned except for
that portion evaporated. Make up is from the chilled water loop and from city water.
Condensation gains do not occur in this loop. To maintain minimum cooling water
quality in this loop, water is blown down at the maximum rate of 24,480 gallons/day.
Some residual biocide is added to this system by the chilled water blow down and an
additional 230 g/day maximum is added directly.
Blow down from the tower loop is discharged to a baffled 8 000 gallon holding
tank. After this holding tank, the water is discharged to the dry-creleading to Brown
Marsh Swamp.
To calculate the discharge concentration one must first calculate the discharge
concentration from the chilled water loop. This is best done using the method in form
101. The only difference is that the chilled water discharge is converted to grams/day
and added to the grams/day added directly to the tower loop. (Steps A, B, C & D in the
calculationthat follows.)
1) CALCULATION OF ACTIVE BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
A. CHILLED WATER LOOP:
Capacity
Biocide Added
Biocide Half Life
Quantity Discharged
to tower loop
20,000 gallons = 0.02 M gallons
910. g/d
1 Hr=0.042days
10,000 gallons = 0.01 MGD
DK = 1/HL X 0.69 = 16.42
DF = ADDNoIume + DK = .01 MGD/0.02 MG + 16.42
16.92
Discharge Concentration (to tower) = DR/((DF)(VOL)(3785)
= 910/(16.92)(0.02)(3785)= 0.71 mg/I
(2).

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT #.NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 261T
B. BIOCIDE CONTRIBUTED BY CHILLED WATER BLOW DOWN
(0.71 mg/I)(0.01 MGD) = 0.0071 Ib/d
(0.0071 b/d)(453.5924 g/Ib) = 3.22 g/d
c. TOTAL BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
230 g/d + 3.22 g/d = 233.22 g/d
D. DOSAGE RATE:
DR = 233.22 g/d (use as DR in for 101 for tower loop)
Discharge from the tower loop can then be calculated using form 101
starting, with the last line on the first page, section II.
(.3)

HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC .
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REVISED May 25, 1995
ENGINEERS DISCUSSION CONTINUED
NPDES PERMIT # NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE # NCG500257
ORIGINALNPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
Biosperse 261T
2) DISCHARGE FROM THE TOWER LOOP IS CALCULATED USING FORM 101
SECTION II.
From form 101, Disch. Conc. is 0.578 mg/I 24,480 gal/day
Additional degradation of the biocide should be accounted for in the last
calculation of part II for in stream concentration. The formula used in this step is "FC =
IC/2"" where "FC" is final concentration, "IC" is inlet concentration and "n" is number of
half Eves dwell time.
A. ACTUAL STREAM CONCENTRATION (From form 101, it is determined that the
discharge concentration from the tower loop is 0.578 mg/I.)
A. RETENTION TIME AFTER TOWER DISCHARGE 7
Capacity 4,000 Gallons"= 0.004 M Gallons
Half Life ,0:042-da"Ys Flow Rate 24480 GPD = 0_.02448 MGD
Retention Time = (Capacity)/(Flow) = 0.1634 days
n = (Retention)/(Half Life) = 3.89 Half Lives
B. THEREFORE:
(FC) = (IC)/(2)"
(FC) = (0.578)/(2)3-89 = 0.039
(Use in 101 form to calculate (Receiving Stream Concentration)
Richard M. Johnson, PE
j :\sys\man\e ng r\wpfi l es\co rs p95\m ay\b l d n 101.wpd
(4)

State of North Carolina
Department of;E'nvironment,
Health and Natural: Resources
Division of EnvirdnrnentaI Management
Jarnes B. Hunt, Jr., ;Governor
Jonathan B. How;ed, Secretary
A. Preston Howard,!Jr., P.E., Director
July.27; 1995
Mr. Richrard Johnson, P.E.
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
P. O. Box 789
Henderson, North Carolina 27536
�EHN
dCIvb•
JUt. 31 i:v:l
ENV. MLLEAGEMNT
REG. OFFICE1
FAYETTEV
Subject: NPDES Permit Application
Biocide Approval Request.
Permit:. NCG500257
Bladen County
Dear Mr. Johnson:
The Division of Environmental Management has received your request dated June
5, 1995 for approval of the biocides Biosperse 240 and Biosperse 261T. After a review of
the biocidelinformation you submitted, the Division has concluded that the use of these
biocides at the stated dosage rate and discharge conditions will not result in a toxic impact
to aquatic life.in the receiving stream. Therefore, use of these products as biocides at
Harriet and Henderson) Yarns, Inc. is deemed acceptable.
If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Susan Robson at
[phone], -ext. 5;51.
cc:
-Fayetteville-Regiona1 Office)
Central Files
Sincerely,
David Goodric
Supervisor, NPDES Group
P.O., Box 29535,'Raleigh, North 'Carolina 27626-0535. Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., PIE., Director
RICHARD M. JOHNSON
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
P. O. BOX 35
CLARXTON NC 28433 '
Dear Permittee:
September 30,1993
Av"A
�EHNR
SEP 28 1993
ENV. MANAGEMENT
FAYETTEV LLE REG. OFFRcE
Subject: HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
Certificate of Coverage NCG500257
General Permit NCG500000
Formerly NPDES Permit NC0081558
Bladen County
The Division of Environmental Management has recently evaluated all existing individual permits for potential
coverage under general permits currently issued by the Division. 15A N.C.A.C. 2H .0127 allows the Division to
evaluate groups of permits having similar discharge activities for coverage under general permits and issue
coverage where the Division finds control of the discharges more appropriate in this mariner. The Division has
determined that the subject discharge qualifies for such coverage. Therefore, the Division is hereby issuing the
subject Certificate of Coverage under the state-NPDES general permit no. NCG500000 which shall void NPDES
Permit NC0081558. This Certificate of Coverage is issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina and the
US Environmental Protection Agency Memorandum of Agreement dated December 6,1983 and as subsequently
amended.
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this general permit are unacceptable to
you, you have the right to submit an individual permit application, associated processing fee and letter requesting
coverage under an individual permit. Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and binding. Please
take notice this Certificate of Coverage is not transferable. Part II, E.4. addresses the requirements to be followed
incase of change of ownership, or control of this discharge.
In the event that the facilities fail to perform satisfactorily, including the creation of nuisance conditions, the
Permittee shall take immediate corrective action, including those as may be required by this Division, such as the
construction of additional or replacement wastewater treatment or disposal facilities. Construction of any
wastewater treatment facilities will require issuance of an Authorization to Construct from this Division.
Failure to abide by the requirements contained in this Certificate of Coverage and respective general permit may
subject the Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Environmental Management in accordance with
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6A to 143-215.6C. Please note that the general permit does require
monitoring in accordance with federal law. The monitoring data is not required to be submitted to the Division
unless specifically requested, however, the permittee is required to maintain all records for a period of at least
three (3) years.
Post Office Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled -10% post -consumer paper

Page 2
RICHARD M. JOHNSON
HARRIET & HENDERSON, YARNS,INC.
Certificate of Coverage No. NCG500257
The issuance of this Certificate of Coverage is an administrative action initiated by the Division of
Environmental Management arid therefore, no fees are due at this time. In accordance with current rules, there
are no annual administrative arid compliance monitoring fees for coverage under general permits. The only fee
you will be responsible for is a renewal fee at the time of renewal. The current permit expires July 31,1997.
This coverage will remain valid through the duration of the attached general permit. The Division will be
responsible for the reissuance of the general permit and at such time, you will be notified of the procedures to
follow to continue coverage under the reissued permit. Unless you fail to follow the procedures for continued
coverage, you will continue to be permitted to discharge in accordance with the attached general permit.
The issuance of this Certificate of Coverage does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and all
statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be required by the Division of Environmental Management
or permits required by the Division of Land Resources, the Coastal Area Management Act or any Federal or
Local other governmental permit that may be required.
If you have any questions or' need additional information regarding this matter, please contact either the
Fayetteville Regional Office, Water Quality Section at telephone number [phone], or a review engineer
in the NPDES Group in the Central Office at telephone number 919/733-5083.
cc: Fayetteville Regional Office
Central Files
erely,
gA.
Preston Howar.f'r., P.E.

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG500000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE No. NCG500257
TO DISCHARGE NON=,CONTACT COOLING WATER, COOLING TOWER AND BOILER BLOWDOWN,
CONDENSATE AND SIMILIAR WASTEWATERS UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards and regulatior
promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, and the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as amended,
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
is hereby authorized to discharge non -contact cooling water, cooling tower and boiler blowdown wastewater from a
facility located at ..
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
Bladen County
to receiving waters designated as the UT BROWN MARSH SWAMP/LUMBER RVR BASN
in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts I, II, III ar
IV of General Permit No. NCG500000 as attached.
This ;certificate of coverage shall become effective November 1, 1993.
This Certificate of Coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Permit.
Signed this day, September 30, 1993.
i (3Il S 7'
A. Preston Howar., Jr., P.E.,Director
Division of Environmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
Mr. Richard M. Johnson, P.E.
Harriet and Henderson Yarns, Inc.
P. O. Box 789
Henderson, NC 27;536
Dear Mr. Johnson: 1
vt7A
wit r
1=3EHNF1
September 12, 1994
\t/
SEP 1 3 1994
ENV. MANAGEMENT
FAYETTEVILLE REG. OFFICE
Subject: Biocide Approval
Permit: NCG50025Z
Bladen County
The Aquatic! Toxicology Unit has reviewed your request to use the compound
Biosperse 261T in your cooling water system and has deemed it acceptable at the stated
rates and application levels.
If you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact Susan Robson at
[phone]. I
Sincerely,
Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
cc: Fayetteville Reg oval=Office
Central Files
P.O. Box-29535, Raleigh, North Carolina.27-626-0535
An 'Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer
Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
August 30, 1994
MEMORANDUM
To: Dave Goodrich
Through: Matt Matthews .1"0f(
From: Melissa Rosebrock ?�W
. 1
SEP s
ENV. MANA +
CA1E98EV'LE R :C.�,{'1,
AJr-J\i11:^dd
,
Subject: Biocide use at Harriet & Henderson. Yarns, Inc.-Bladen Plant
NPDES No.rNCG500257_ (formerly NC0081558)
Bladen County-- - _
Harriet & Henderson Yams, Inc.-Bladen Plant originally submitted a biocide review to our office (June 13, 1994
memo, attached) stating that they were "only changing chemical suppliers and not the active ingredients"
previously approved. Since this'original submittal, a revised (July 28, 1994 memo, attached) Worksheet Form
101 has been received by our office. Updated data submitted by Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. concerning the
application rate of the compound,; system volume, system flow rate, minimum stream flow, retention time and
active ingredient toxicity has been reviewed and evaluated.
In reviewing this request we noted some discrepancies regarding the volume, degradation, and toxicity
data provided. The volume data submitted did not include the volume of the 4000 gallon septic system (Part II,
Page 2). We have included this value in our calculations. Additionally, the half-life was incorrectly submitted as
0.0042 days rather than the correct value of 0.042 days. Finally, the toxicity data for daphnia magna was
submitted as 1.24 mg/1 for a 92.5% active formulation. The original (June) submittal stated correctly that the
LC50 for this organism was 0.46 mg/1 for a 100% active (0.49 mg/1 for 92.5% active). Again, we have utilized
the more appropriate values in 'our evaluation.
Due to the unique conditions of hydraulics and flow at this plant, we have evaluated this biocide in a
somewhat different manner.. The: proposal includes the addition of a baffled septic system between the cooling
tower loop and the receiving stream. Working from a theoretical basis, this baffled system would effectively
retain the biocidal compounds (21 hours) sufficiently to allow them to pass through several half lives, allowing the
product to degrade to essentially negligible concentrations. As a result, this office approves the use of
Biosperse 261T at the stated application rate and discharge conditions at Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
geg
7
cc:. Michael- Wicker -FRO
Central Files
Attachments
l'e/±1 /0C o s-s-e

Harriet&Henderson Yarns, : Inc./Bladen BIOCIDE WORKSHEET
PERMIT#: NCG500257 (previously #NC0081558)
RECEIVING STREAM: UT to Brown Marsh Swamp
7Q10 (cfs): 0.00
I.W.C.%: 100.000
PRODUCT: Biosperse 261T
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: 92.5% 1 -Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
HALF LIFE (DAYS):
LC50 OF SELECTED TOX DATA (MG/L):
DECAY RATE:
DOSAGE RATE (GRAMS/DAY):
AVG DAILY DISCHARGE (MGD):
VOLUME OF SYSTEM (MIL. GAL'S):
0.042
0.49
16.55
224.81
0.01152
0.0039
STEADY STATE DISC CONC:
DEGRADATION FACTOR:
APPLICATION FACTOR:
0.7809747018
19.501
0.050
INSTREAM BIOCIDE CONC: 0.7810
REGULATED LIMITATION:
0.0245
PASS/FAIL: FAIL
Due to the unique conditions' of hydraulics and flow at this plant, we have evaluated this biocide in a
somewhat different manner. The proposal includes the addition of a baffled septic system between the
cooling tower loop and the receiving stream. Working from a theoretical basis, this baffled system
would effectively retain the biocidal compounds (21 hours) sufficiently to allow them to pass through
several half lives, allowing the product to degrade to essentially negligible concentrations.
As a result, this office approves the use of Biosperse 261T, at the stated application
rate and discharge conditions, at Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. MMR 8/30/94

giZt gI
HARRIET & HENDERSON
YARNS INC.
P.O. BOX 789
HENDERSON, NORTH CAROLINA 27536
TELEPHONE [phone] • [phone]
FAX [phone]
Ms. Melissa Rosebrock
N.C. DEHNR
4401 Reedy Creek Rd.
Raleigh, N.C. 27607
Subject: Form 101 Calculations
Drew Chemical Biosperse
H&H Bladen Plant, NPDES
July 28, 1994
261T
NC 0081558
0.115)
EIyVIR01-40.1.11 k►- SC1E O.
Dear Ms. Rosebrock:
I am enclosing a copy of the Supplement to the Engineers
Discussion and; a revised Worksheet-Form 101 for the subject
facility. I believe this calculation to be more accurate and 'to
represent the activity that takes place at that facility. I would
appreciate it if you would return or destroy the original Form 101
submitted on June 13, 1994 to Mr. Ken Eagleson as it contains
several wrong assumptions.
This information is for your review. I am sending the
original to Roger Jessup at the plant for his signature as the
responsible person in charge. As soon as he has signed it he will
send it directly to you at the above address.
Thank you for waiting until we could get this matter sorted
out. We look forward to effective water treatment while further
reducing the effect we have on the environment. If you have any
questions, please call.
Richard M. John••o►, PE
Corporate Engineer
cc Mr. LaVance Simmons, Manager
Mr. Roger;Jessup,, Mtce. Mgr.
Mr. Stan Mauldin, Drew Chemical
Burlington, NC [phone]
SALES OFFICES
Fort Payne, AL [phone] Berryton, GA [phone]

Facility Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NPDES #: NC 0081558
8!CCICE/CHEMICAL TREATMENT
WCRKSHE� -FORM 101
Tne following calculations are to be periormea cn any biocide' products ultimately discharged to the surface waters of
North Carolina. This woricsheet must be comc,eted separately for each biocidal product in use. This worlcsheet is to be
returned with all appropriate data entered inic the aesignated areas with calculations pertorrnea as indicated.
Facility Name
NPDES#NC 00815'58
County Bladen
Receiving Stream U., T. to Brown Marsh Swamp 7010 0 (cis)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge ;A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water bogy?
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc., Bladen Plant
A.D.D. = 0.01152 (in M.G.D.)
Please calculate the instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge using the data enterea
above.
(A.D.D.) X 100 (0.01112)X 100 — loos %IWC = (7Q10)(0.646) ..,�( 0 )(0.646) (A.D.D.)
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
II. What is the name of the whale product chemical treatment proposed for use in the discharge identified in Part 1?
.g/D 5,082, 2 6/ % `Q,ee., C,stom,,1L)
Please list the active ingredients ana percent composition:
1 - bromo - 3 - chloro - 5.5 Dimethylhvdantoin 92.5 %
°/
What feed or dosage rate (D.R.) is used :n this application? : ,e unit;
product used per gay:
D.R.= 2 2'} .'/ ' grams/day

Faciiity Name:
Harriet & Henderson
Bladen Plant
Yarps,. TrtcNFDES
rr: NC 0081558
Estimate total volume of .the water nancing system between entry of biecidal product and NPOES discharge
point. On an attached sheet please provide justification far this estimate (sy.stem volume, average cycles aer
bfowdown, holding lagoon size. etc.)
What is the pH of the ,handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter N/A. 9.0 ±
Volume= 0.09-35 million cations
r
Li
C ti
What is the decay rate (O.K.) of the prccuct? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk_
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Haft Life is the time required for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Flease
provide copies ofthesources of this data.
H.L. = 0.0 42 ,Days ,
The decay rate is equal to i H.L. X 0.69 a 16.42 . =Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D.F.). This is the first order loss cceifident.
D.F. = (A.O.D.)r + (D:K.) :0.01152 t ( 16.42) = 19.72
(ValumeJ ( 0.00-35 )
0039
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Dischg Canc. = (D.FI)(Voi rne)(3785) ( 19.72
( 224.81 )
)( 0.01152 )(3785)
= 0.2615 ma/l
Calculate concentration,of biocide instream during low flow conditions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
(Discha. Canc.) x (!WC%) ( 0.2615 ) x ( 100 ) - 6.02x10-4 mgll
100 x,21? 100•x (2)20.83
Recanting Steam Concentration
III. . Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole oroduct according to the following columns. (Note that units shoulc be
in mg/I). Flease provide copies of the sources of this data.
Qrgarysm Test Duration LCSQO (rrrrt)
Daphnia Magna , 48 HR 1.,4—M 1 •It9 '
Fathead Minnow'
- 56 HR 1.36 mg/1
LCSD`_�
D.E.M. Form-101 (7%92). =
x 100 't° ���

y Y1Y I YY . YVM
Name: Harriet & Henderson
Bladen Plant
Yarns
Choose, the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC5O: 1:24 mg/1_
If the half life (H.L.) is Tess than 4 days,Icerform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50, = 0.0 mg/I
If the half life (H.L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.01 x LC5 1 _ NA moil
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately above and'place in this blank:
J- 1
Inc. _ 'NPOEE T: NC 0081558
0.062
_mg/liter
From Fart it enter the receiving stream concentration:
6.02 x10-4
mg/liter
Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration its greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then this biocide is
unacceptable for use.
i
Roger. Jessup
Name (Print)
Signature
Person in Responsible Charge
i ate

HARRI'ET & HENDERSON YARNS , INC
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
July 26, 1994
SUPPLEMENT TO ORIGINAL ENGINEERS DISCUSSION
_NPDES PERMIT # 0081558
Bladen Plant
The cooling. water system at the Bladen facility is the
source of the water permitted under NPDES 0081558. Three steps
are required to determine the concentration of the biocide
discharged to the surface. In order to understand these steps a
basic understanding of the entire system is necessary.
The system consists of two separate water circulation loops
and holding capacity at the end of the pipe. The holding tank at
the end of the pipe is the source of the discharge. The tower
loop, see schematic attached, is the source of the biocide in the
holding tank. The chilled water loop contributes biocide to the
tower loop. Also; biocide is fed directly into the tower loop.
The chilled water loop is made up of a large sump, 20,000
gallons, with pumped circuits to the chiller evaporator and to
several air conditioning systems. It should be noted that there
is no blow down from any of these devices. All water pumped to
them is either evaporated or returned to the sump. Any water ,
condensed into these systems is also returned to the sump. The
sources of make up water for this loop is condensation from the
atmosphere and city water. Biocide is added to this system at
one point at a maximum rate of 680 g/day. Blow down containing
some biocide residue is cascaded to the tower loop at a maximum
rate of 7500 gallons/day.
The tower loop is s-imilar to the chilled water loop.
Recirculating water is pumped from a small sump, 3500 gallons,
through the chiller condenser, through the tower and back to the
sump. All water pumped through this loop is returned except for
that portion evaporated. Make up is from the chilled water loop
and from city water. Condensation gains do not occur in this
loop. To maintain` minimum cooling water quality in this loop,
water is blown down at the maximum rate of 11,520 gallons/day.
Some residual biocide is added to this system by the chilled
water blow down and an additional 220 g/day maximum is added
directly.
Blow down from the tower loop is discharged to a baffled
4,000 gallon holding tank. After this holding tank, the water is
discharged to the dry creek leading to Brown Marsh Swamp.

To calculate the discharge concentration one must first
'calculate the discharge concentration from the chilled water
loop. This is best done using the method in form 101. The only
difference is that'the chilled water discharge is converted to
grams/day and added to the grams/day added directly to the tower.
loop. (Steps A, B, & C in the calculation that follows.)
Discharge from the tower loop'can then be calculated using
form 101. Additional degradation of the biocide should be
accounted for in'the last calculation of part II for in stream
concentration. The formula used in this step is "FC = IC/2P"
where "FC" is final concentration, "IC" is inlet concentration
and "n" is number of half lives dwell time.
SCHEMATI C
1) CALCULATION OF.ACTIVE BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
A. CHILLED; WATER LOOP: _
Capacity 20,000 gallons = 0.02 M gallons
Biocide Added 680 g/d
Biocide!Half Life 1 Hr = 0.042 days
Quantity Discharged
to tower loop 7,500 gallons = 0.0075 MGD
DK = 1/HL X 0.69 = 16.56
DF'= ADD/Volume + DK = 0.0075 MGD/0.02 MG + 16.56
= 16.93
Discharge Concentration (to tower) = DR/((DF)(VOL)(3785)
= 680/(16.93)(0.0075)(3785)=1.415 mg/1
B. BIOCIDEICONTRIBUTED BY CHILLED WATER BLOW DOWN
(1.415 mg/1)(0.0075.MGD) = 0�011 lb/d
(0.oli ;lb/d)(453.5924 g/lb) = 4.81 g/d

c. TOTAL BIOCIDE ADDED TO TOWER LOOP
220 g/d + 4.81 g/d = 224.81 g/d
2) ACTUAL STREAM,CONCENTRATION
A.' RETENTION TIME AFTER TOWER DISCHARGE
Capacity 4,000 Gallons = 0.004 M Gallons
Half Life 0.042 days _
Flow Rate 3,500 GPD = 0.035 MGD
Retention Time = 0.875 days (c))
n = 20.83 Half Lives
B. THEREFORE:
DR to ,stream = (Disch. Conc.)(IWC%)/(100)(2)° =
(0.2615 mg/1)(100)/(100)(2)2083 = 6.02 X (10)-9 mg/1
Richard M. Joison, PE

Facility Name:
Harriet &Henderson Yarns, Inc.
{ ?iGCIDE-CHEMICAL T;,EAAUGAI
TMENT � 1995
WORKSHEET-FORM 101 ENY RO,NMENTAL SCIENCES
The following calculations are to be performed on any biocidal products ultimately discharged to the surface waters of
North Carolina. This worksheet must be comc:eted separately for each biocidal product in use. This worRsheet is to be
returned with all appropriateldata entered into the designated areas with calculations performed as indicated.
NPDES #: NC 0081558
RECEIVED
Facility Name Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc., Bladen Plant
NPDES # NC 008'15,58
County Bladen
Receiving Stream U. T. to ' Brown Marsh Swamp 7010 0 (cfs)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge';A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water body?
A.D.Q. = 0.011.52 (in M.G.D.)
Please calculate the,.Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge using the data entered
above.
(A.D.D. ), X 100 (0.01112) X 100
IWC — (7Q10)(0,646) ( 0 )(0.646) - (A.D.D.)
100 PTO
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
II: What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the discharge identified in Part I?
Bic) 5,02 5 L .2 d / / `D,e ' /c/tL)
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition:
1.- bromo - 3 - chloro - 5.5 Dimethylhydantoin
What teed or dosaoe rate (D.R.) is usec is this:
product used per day.
D,R_= 2 241 ./ grams/day
Form 10 I 1(7/92 )
ams of whole

Facility Name: Harriet i Henderson Yar_n_e, TncNFDES #; NC 0081558
Bladen. Plant
Estimate total volume of the water r ancling system betweep_entry of biocidal product and NPOES discharge
•
point. On an attac red sheet please :rcvide justification for this estimate (system volume, average cycles der
bfowdown, holding Iag,ocn size, :etc.;
Volume= 0.0035 I million Gallons
+
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? ' If unknown, enter N/A. g •0
What is the decay rate (D.K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk.
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Half Life is the, time, required for the initial product to degrade to half of its original Ancentration). Flease
provide copies of the sources of this data.
H.L. = 0.0042
Days
The decay rate is equal to H.L.X 0.69 = 16.42 =Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (0.F.).his is the first order loss cceffiaent.
-
(D.K.)
calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration: •
1 (D.R.) ( 224.81 )
. ,-
Dischg Canc• 3 7 8 5 )
(D.r.)(Volume)(378.,5) ( 19.72 ) ( 0.01152 ) (
Calculate concentration of biocideinstream during low flow conditions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
(Dischg. Conc.) x ;([WC%)
100x'2n
AD.O.)
D.F. - (Volume)
( 0.0035
t ( 16.42) = 19.72
( 0.2615 ) x ( 100
100. x (2)20.83
0.2615
6.02x10-4
ma/1
moil
Receiving Stream Concentration
III. • Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50data available far the whole product according to the following columns (Note that units should be
i
in mgil). Flease provide copies of the scurces of this data.
Orga+nsm Ted Duration LCEO (myl)
Daphnia: Magna; 48 HR 1.24 Mg/1
Fathead :Minnow 56 RR 1.36 tag/1
1
oriii;101 (7/92)

law/ L1/ O.S J. 1 . V.J
1 .
64 a I I V./ ././ V.I V LJl •l •t t...1 JV J.
aciiity Name:
Harriet &, Henderson Yarns; - Inc. -NPOEE #: NC 0081558
Bladen Plant
Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 1.24 mg/1
If the half life (H.L.) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitatio = 0.05 x LC5O = 0.062 • ' mg/I
If the half life (H.L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.01 x 'LC50 = NA, mg/I
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately above and place in this blank:
0.062
mg/liter
From Part II ,enter the 'receiving stream concentration:
6.02 x10-4
mg/liter
Anaiysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then this biocide is
unacceptable for use.
Roger Jessup
Signature
Person in Responsible Charge
e

HARRIET & HENDERSON
YARNS&
P.O. BOX 789
HENDERSON, NORTH CAROLINA 27536
TELEPHONE [phone] • [phone]
FAX [phone]
June 13, 1994
Mr. Ken Eagleson
N. C. Dept. of Environment, Health. & Natural Resources
Environmental Sciences Branch
Division of Environmental Management
P. O. Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
SUBJECT: NPDES PERMIT #NC0081558
HARRIET.& HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
BLADEN PLANT, CLARKTON, NC
J
Dear Mr. Eagleson,
Attached please find a new Biocide/Chemical Treatment
Worksheet - Form 101 for the above referred facility. This
information is provided to keep your file up to date.
As we are only changing chemical suppliers and not the active
ingredients permitted, we do not believe a permit revision is in
order.
Please advise if there is other information that you require.
RMJ/art
c: LaVance Simmons
Roger Jessup
Sam Brummitt
Sincerely,
Richard M. John
Burlington, NC [phone]
Hickory, NC [phone]
SALES OFFICES
Fort Payne, AL [phone] "
Yardley, PA [phone]
Berryton, GA [phone]
New York, NY [phone]

Faciiity Name: Harriet & Hen ersnn Yarns. Inc.
NFOES NC 0081558
,
EICCICE/CHEMICAL TREATMENT
"IORKSHEE t -FORM 101
The following caicuiations are,to be performed cn any biocide! products ultimately discharged to the surface waters ci
Nortn Caroiina. This worksheet must be com :eted separately for each biocidai product in use. This worksheet is to ba
returnea with all appropriate data entered into me designated areas with calculations performed as incicated.
I, Facility Name Harriet & Henderson Yarns Inc. Clarktnn, NC
NPDES # NC
County B Iaden
Receiving Stream
U.T. to Brown Marsh Swamp
7010 0 (cfs)
(Ail above inforrna ion supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge ;:A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water bony?
A.D.D. = 0.0108 (in M.G.D.)
Please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge using the data emerea
above.
(A.D.D.) X 100
IWC = (7Q10)(0.6=46)
(0.p108 ) X I00
0 )(0.646) - (A.D.D.)
10 0 �o
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
if. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proccsed for use in the discharge identified in Part l?
Biosperse 261T
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition:
1-bromo-3 chloro-5, 5 dimethyihydantoin 92.5 %
a1
,0
0/
•0
a.
0
What teed or dosage rate (D.R.) is used in this application? The units must be ccnvertea to crams of whole
product used per day.
D.R.= 793
gramsraav -

=acciity Name: Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. NNFDES : NC0081558
'zstimate total volume of the water noting system oetween entry of biocidal product and NPOES disci arge
point. Cn an attached sheet please :elide lust ''cation for :his estimate (system volume, average cycles cer
biowaown, liddingl lagoon size. etc.;
Volume= 0. 0035 million gallons _
What is the pH of the handling system :,nor to biocide addition? if unknown, enter N/A. 9.0
What is the decay rate (O.K.) of the prccuct? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk.
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Haft Life is the time required fcr the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Flease
provide copies of the sources of this cata.
H.L. = 0. 042 Days
1
The decay rate is equalto 1
H.L. X 0.59 = 16.42 =Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D.F.). - is is the first order loss coefficient.
A( DD) (0.0108 ) 19.50
D.F. = (Volume) (O.K.) _ ( 0.0035 ) ' ( 16.42) =
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
753
Dischg Canc. _ (D F.)(Vo me)(3785) ( 19.50 ) ( 0. 0035 ) (3 7 8 5 )
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow ccncitions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
2.91
(Discho. Conc.), x (iMC%) 2.91 x „loci ) 0.000 mgrf
100 100. x 2?/
Feceivina Stream Concemration
111. Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LCSO data available for the wnole product according to the following columns. (Note that units shoula be
in mgll). Flease provide copies of the sources of this data.
Organsm Test Duration LaiL (rrgl)
Daphnia Magna 48 hour 0.46
96 hour 2.25
Fathead Minnow
E.�i1 for i tC,1`(7/92)"

Lam. - 1. J J L 1 . V J
y J1J 1 J./ JJVJ .IV V1...JS '•1. Jv1
Fac:ity Name: Harriet F, Henderson Yarns, Inc.
-NPOES NC.0081558
F. .o.1
Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 0.46
If the half life (H.L;) is iess than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.05 x LC50 = 0. 023 mg/l
If the half life (H.L.)-is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation = 0.01 x LC50 =
N /A mall
Choose the appropriate regulated iimraton from the calculations immediately above and place in.this blank:
0.000
ma/liter
From Part II enter the receiving stream concentration:
ma/titer
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then this biocide is
unacceptable for use.
Signature
Person in Resconsicle Charge
Dale

MEMORANDUM
TO:
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
March 4, 1992
Don Safrit, Unit Supervisor
Permits and Engineering Unit W
FROM: M. J. Noland, Regio• a +ae�rtiYis�+�u�
Fayetteville Regio'nal Office
SUBJECT: Issuance of NPDES Permit No. 08_
Harriet_& _Henderson _ ,Yarns,• __
Clarkton, North Caroliia
Bladen County
Please find, enclosed the staff report and recommendation of the
Fayetteville Regional Office concerning the issuance of subject NPDES permit.
If you have any questions or require any further information, please
advise.
MJN/RR/tf
Enclosure
cc: Technical Support Branch

PART I. GENERAL
March 4, 1992
NPDES STAFF REPORT .AND RECOMMENDATIONS
County Bladen
NPDES Permit No. NC0081558
INFORMATION
1. Facility and1Address:
I I
2. Date of.Investigation: January 27, 1992
3. Report Prepared By: Ricky Revels, Environmental Technician, FRO
I
4. Persons Contacted and Telephone Number: Richard M. Johnson, Corp. Eng.
! [phone] .
5. Directions: to Site: Travel Hwy. 701 south -from intersection of Hwy. 211
at Clarktoh.Plant is located on left 1/4 mile.
6. Discharge Point(s),
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
P.O. Box 35
Clarkton, NC 28433.
List for all.discharge points: 001
Latitude: 34° 28' 50"
Longitude: 78° 39' 25"
Attach a USGS map extract and indicate treatment facility site and
discharge pint on map.
USGS Quad N. J24NW USGS Quad Name Clarkton, NC
7. Size (land available for expansion and upgrading): Approximately
75 acres.
8. Topography (relationship to flood plain included):Flat.
9. Location oflnearest dwelling: None within 1,000 feet of facility.
10. Receiving
stream or affected surface waters: U.T. of Brown Marsh Swamp
a. Classification: Class "C" Swamp
b. River Basin and Subbasin No.: 030758
c. Describe receiving stream features and pertinent downstream uses;
Fish,and wildlife propagation.

Staff Report and Rei ommendation
Page 2
PART II - DESCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT WORKS
I
1. Type of wastewater: % Domestic
100 % Industrial
a. Volume of Wastewater: 0.014 MGD (Design Capacity)
1
b. Types and quantities of industrial wastewater: This discharge
consists of noncontact cooling water from two (2) cooling towers.
1d
c. Prevalent toxic constituents in wastewater: A list of additives
used n1the cooling system have been sent to the Technical Support
Branch.'
d. Pretreatment Program (POTWs only): N/A
i
i
in -development approved
should be required not needed
2. Production rates (industrial discharges only) in pounds per day: N/A
a. Highest month in the past 12.months: lbs/day
b. Highest year in the past 5 years: ' - lbs/day
3. Description of industrial process (for industries only) and applicable
CFR Part and;Subpart: Manufacturing of yarn.
4. Type of treatment (Proposed): Proposed treatment consists of using a
3,000-gallonlretention tank for reduction of toxicity associated with
biocides. 1
5. Sludge handling and disposal scheme: "N/A
I
6. Treatment plant classification: Less than 5 points; no rating (include
rating sheen, if appropriate). .
1
N/A
�i1
7. SIC Code(sl) :; 2281
Wastewater Code(s):Primary 15 Secondary
Main Treatment Unit Codes: 0 0 _
PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION
1. Is this facility being constructed with Construction Grants Funds
(municipa]:s only)? N/A
1

Staff Report and Recommendation
Page 3
I
2. Special monitoring requests: None.
3. Additional effluent limits requests: N/A
4. Other:
PART IV -I EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION
It is the recommendation of the Fayetteville Regional Office that NPDES
Permit No. NC0081558 be issued to Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. This
recommendation is contingent on approval of additives by the Technical Support
Branch.,
k_;.1
Signature d&f Report Preparer
W Quality itilOnal Supervisor
3- 6 -PZ
Date
i

•
/OiNT �Y
Djs�4'
714 i 40' 75
CFI
-100
amd CLKTON QUADRANGLE 1frid..;U,ARJ NORTH CAROLINA
yams, ;roc.
7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
NW/4 WHITEVILLE 15' QUADRANGLE
CLINTON 43 MI.
7 ELIZABETHTOWN 10 MI. 716
CemP�sj
-
•
100
2110 0001 FEET
78° q7' 30"
-34° 30'
270000
FEET
3818
3816
27' 30"
3815

cl u ( /aw iL4
HARRIET & HENDERSON
YARNS INS.
P.O. BOX 789
HENDERSON, NORTH CAROLINA 27536
TELEPHONE [phone] TWX 5109231242
[phone]
Mr. Ricky Revels
N.C. Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Suite 714
Wachovia Building
Fayetteville, N.C. 28391
February 21, 1992
TE
FEB 251992
ENV. MANAGEMENT
FAYETTEVILLE REG. OFFICE
Subject: NPDES Permit Application and Authorization to
Construct
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
Bladen Plant
Highway 701
Clarkto'n,.N.C. 28433
Dear Mr. Revels:
Enclosed is a copy of the flow schematic for the subject
project, certified by a Registered Professional Engineer in
North Carolina. "Please contact me if you have any questions.
We look forward to getting this plant modernized and competitive.
Sincerely,
Richard M.
RMJ/ca
C: Carolyn McCaskill
Harvey Bprd
LaVance Simmons
Mike Inscoe
SALES OFFICES:
Burlington, N.C. [phone] Oakbrook Terrace, IL. [phone]
Bloomfield, CT. [phone]
Summerville, GA. [phone] New York, N.Y. [phone]

lag@EVIED
FEB 1 8 1992
ENV. MANAGEMENT
FAYETTEVILLE REG. OFFICE
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
February 11, 1992
MEMORANDUM
To: Charles Lowe
Through: Matt Matthews f(\
From: Daniel Rowe
Subject: Biocide use at Harriet & Henderson Yarns
NPDES No. NC0081558
Bladen County'
Harriet & Henderson Yarns proposes to use the biocides C-2189 and CL-206 at their facility. Due
to the somewhat atypical conditions of hydraulics and flow, we have decided to review this biocide in a
somewhat different manner. The proposal includes the addition of a baffled septic system between the
cooling tower and receiving stream. Working from a theoretical basis, this baffled system would
effectively retain the biocidal compounds sufficiently to allow them to pass through several half lives,
and therefore degrade to essentially negligible concentrations. As a result, the -use of these biocidal
ccompounds at Harriet & Henderson Yams has been approved._
Attachments
cc Tomm -Stevens_
Central Files

BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS
Two methods for evaluating biocide discharge concentrations have been
examined and included in this application:
The first method considers the actual concentrations of specific
biocides which are received by the holding tank from the cooling towers,
and detained and degraded for an average of 480 minutes prior to being
discharged into the receiving stream. The influent concentrations to
the holding tank are calculated using the equations from the State
biocide work sheet form. The final receiving stream concentrations are
given by the following equation:
FC = IC / 2'
FC - final effluent concentration from detention tank (mg/L).
IC - detention tank influent concentration (mg/L).
n - number of half-lives (hl): n = 480 / hl.
The second method evaluates the discharge concentrations using the
standard biocide work sheet issued by the State. The dosage rate values
reflect degraded dosages which incorporate the half-life reductions
occurring within the detention tank. The dosage rate values are given
by the following equation:
DR = dr / 2'
DR - degraded dosage rate value (grams per day).
dr - actual dosage rate (grams per day).
The detention tank volume is not considered as part of the system
volume when calculating the degradation factor (D.F.) on page 2 of the
work sheet.

EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS
(METHOD ONE)
Product nam-: C-2189
Active ingredients: 1•-bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin; 92Z
Half-life: 0.009 days (12.96 minutes)
The cooling towers have a maximum make up water requirement of 5,000
gallons per day (gpd), most of which comes from the chilled water
overflow. The maximum concentration of biocide C-2189 in the overflow
is 23 mg/L. The' total maximum amount of C-2189 added to the cooling
towers from the overflow per day is: (23)x(0.005)x(8.34) - 0.959 pounds
per day (ppd). In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct
dosage of C-2189 of 0.7 ppd. The maximum total dosage per day of
biocide C-2189 is therefore 0.7 + 0.959 = 1.66 ppd (753 grams per day).
This is the dosage'rate used in the biocide work sheet. The results as
calculated using the equations in the work sheet are listed below:
A.D.D. = 0.0108 mgd
IWC = 100z
D.R. = 753 grams/day
System Volume = 0.0035 million gallons (mg)
pH = 9.0
H.L. = 0.009 days
D.K. = 76.67
D.F. = 79.75
Discharge Concentration (into detention tank) = 0.713 mg/L
Receiving Stream Concentration (FC) = 0.713/237 = 0.000
where n = (480)/((0.009)(1440)) = 37.0
Organism
Daphnia Magna
Fathead Minnow
Duration
48 Hr.
96 Hr.
LC50
0.47 mg/L
2.25.mg/L

EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS
(METHOD ONE cont.)
Product namekCL-2061
Active ingredients: 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilophilopropionamide; 20Z
Half-life: 0.015 days (21.60 minutes)
The maximum concentration of biocide CL-206 in the overflow is 40 mg/L.
The total maximum amount of CL-206 added to the cooling towers from the
overflow per day is: (40)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 1.67 pounds per day (ppd).
In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct dosage of CL-206 of
0.33 ppd. The maximum total dosage per day of biocide CL-206 is
therefore 0.33 + 1.67 = 2.00 ppd (907 grams per day). This is the
dosage rate used in the biocide work sheet. The results as calculated
using the equations' in the work sheet are listed below:
A.D.D. = 0.0108 mgd
IWC = 100%
D.R. = 907 grams/day
System Volume = 0.0035 million gallons (mg)
pH = 9.0
H.L. = 0.015.days
D.K. = 46.0
D.F. = 49.0
Discharge Concentration (into detention tank) = 1.40 mg/L
;
Receiving Stream Concentration (FC) = 1.40/222.2 k.= 0.000
where n = (480)/((0.015)(1440)) = 22.2
Organism
Duration LC50
Daphnia Magna 48 Hr.
Fathead Minnow 96 Hr.
1.24 mg/L
1.36 mg/L

EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS
(METHOD TWO)
Product name: C-2189
Active ingredients: 1-bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin; 92%
Half-life: 0.009, days (12.96 minutes)
The cooling, towers have a maximum make up water requirement of
5,000 gallons per day (gpd), most of which comes from the chilled water
overflow. The maximum concentration of biocide C-2189 in the overflow
is 23 mg/L. The total maximum amount of C-2189 added to the cooling
towers from the overflow per day is: (23)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 0.959 pounds
per day (ppd). In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct
dosage of C-2189 of 0.7 ppd. The maximum total dosage rate of biocide
C-2189 is therefore 0.7 + 0.959 = 1.66 ppd (753 grams per day). The
effective reduced dosage rate (DR) is given by the following calculation
and is further explained in BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS in the "second method"
paragraph:
((1.66)x(453.6))/237 \00 grrms per day
The maximum total effective dosage per day of biocide C-2189 is
therefore 0.00. No further calculations are necessary.
Product name: CL-206
Active ingredients: 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilophilopropionamide; 20%
Half-life: 0.015'days (21.60 minutes)
The maximum concentration of biocide CL-206 in the overflow is 40
mg/L. The total maximum amount of CL-206 added to the cooling towers
from the overflow per day is: (40)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 1.67 pounds per day
(ppd). In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct dosage of CL-
206 of 0.33 ppd. ' The maximum total dosage per day of .biocide CL-206 is
therefore 0.33 + 1.67 = 2.00 ppd (907 grams per day). The effective
reduced dosage rate (DR) is given by the following calculation and is
further explained in BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS in the "second method"
paragraph:
((2.00)x(453.6))/220.00 grams per day
The maximum total effective dosage per day of biocide C-2189 is
therefore 0.00. No further calculations are necessary.

•
BIOCiDE/CHEMICAL TREATMENT
... WORKSHEET-FORM 101
The following calculations are to be performed on any blocidal products ultimately discharged to the surface waters of
North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each biocidal product In use, This worksheet Is to be
returned with all appropriate data entered into the designated areas with calculations performed as indicated.
Facility Name
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc, - Clarkton, NC
• NPDES # NC
County 131 aden
Receiving Stream U.T. to Brown Marsh Swamp 7010 0 (cfs)
(AII above informatlon'suppiied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What Is the Average Daily Discharge (A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water body?
A.D.D, • 0.0108 (in M.G.D.)
Please calculate the In'stream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this discharge using the data entered
above,
IWC = (A.D.D.) X' 100 _ (0.010$ X 10 0 100
(7Q10)(0.646) = ( 0 )(0,646) + () - �0
0.0108
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
II. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the discharge identified in Part I?
Chemtreat C-2189
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition:
1-bromo -3 chloro -5, 5-dimethylhydantoin
92 %
What feed or dosage rate (D.R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted to grams of whole
product used per day.
D.R.s 753 grams/day
D.E.M. Form .101 8/89

Estimate total volume of the water handling system between entry of biocidal product and NPDES discharge
point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this estimate (system volume, average cycles per
blowdown, holding lagoon slze, etc.)
Volume- 0.0035 million gallons
What Is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter N/A. 9.0
What Is the decay rate (D.K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk.
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Half Life Is the time required for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please
provide copies of the sources of this data.
H.L. = 0.009 bays
The decay rate Is equal to H1L X 0.69 76.67
=Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D.F.). This Is the first order Toss coefficient.
D.F. _ (Volume) + (D.K.) C 0.0030108 ) + ( 76.67 ) = 79.75
Volume
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Dischg Conc. _ (D'R') ( 753 ) 0.713 mrvl
(D.F,)(Volume)(3785) ( 79.75 ) (0.0035 ) (3 7 8 5)
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
(Dischg. Conc.) x (IWC%)
100
( 0.713 ) x ( 100
100 XV.r7 *
'0.000
mg/1
*See explanation of calculations (Method One) Receiving Stream Concentration
111. Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following columns. (Note that units should be
in mg/I). Please provide, copies of the sources of this data.
Organism Test Duration LC50 (mg/1)
Daphnia Magna 48 hr 0.47
Fathead Minnow 96 hr - 2.25
D.E.M. Form' 101 8/89

Choose the towed LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 2.25
If the half life (H.L.),Is,less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation - 0.05 x LC50 - 0. 1125 mg/I
If the half life (H.L.) Is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation Q 0.01 x LC50 - N/A mg/I
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations Immediately above and place In this blank:
0.000 mg/liter
From Part 11 enter the receiving stream concentration:
mg/liter
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then this biocide Is
unacceptable for use.
Richard M. Johnson
Name (Print)
/0/9i
nature Date
Person in Responsible Charge
D.E.M. Form 101 8/89 3

BIOCIDE/CHEMICAL TREATMENT •
... WORKSHEET-FORM 101
The following calculations are to be performed on any biocidal products ultimately discharged to the surface waters of
North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each biocidal product in use. This worksheet Is ;o be
returned with all appropriatedata entered into the designated areas with calculations performed as Indicaled.
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. - Clarkton, NC
1. Facility Name
• NPDES # NC
County Bladen
Receiving Stream U.T. to Brown Marsh Swamp 7Q10 0 (cfs)
(AI/ above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average bay Discharge (A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water body?
A.D.D. = 0.0108 (in M.G.D.)
• Please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (IWC in percent) of this:i(scharge using the data entered
above.
IWC (A.D.D.) X 100
(7Q10)(0.646) —
(0 .010Ei X 100
0 )(0.646) + (0.0108 )
100
This value (IWC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
11. What Is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the discharge identified in Pert I?
Chemtreat CL-206
Please llst the active ingredients and percent composition:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropi onamide 20
0
°/
What feed or dosage rate (D.R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted to grams of whole
product used per day.
D.R.= 907 grams/day
D.E.M. Fom-101 8/89 1

Estimate total volurne'of the water handling system between entry of blocidal product and NPDES discharge
point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this estimate (system volume, average cycles per
blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume. 0.0035 million gallons
What Is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter NIA.
9.0
What Is the decay rate (D.K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk.
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Half Life Is the time required for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please
provide copies of the sources of this data.
H.L. = 0.015 Days
The decay rate is equal to H.L X 0.69 = 46 =Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D.F.). This Is the first order loss coefficient.
D.F. _ (A.D.D.)_ t (D.K.) 0.0108 } + 46
(Volume) 10.0035 )
49
( 907
)(0.0035 )(3785)
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
(D.R.)
Dischg Conc.
(D.F,)(Volume)(3785) ( 49
(Dischg. Conc.) x (IWC%) ( 1.397 ) x ( 100
100 100 X
* See explanation of calculations (method one)
Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following
in mg/I). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
Orgarism Test Duration
Daphnia Magna 48 hr
1.40 mg/i
0.000
mg/I
Receiving Stream Concentration
columns. (Note that units should be
Fathead Minnow 96 hr
LC50 (nxil)
1.24 mg/L
. 1.36 mg/L
D.E.M. ForiTY 101 8/89,

Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 1.36 mq/L
If the half life (H.L.) is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation - 0.05 x LC50 - 0.068 mg/I
ff the half life (H.L.) Is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation 0.01 x LC50 - N/A mg/I
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations immediately above and place In thls blank:
0.068 mg/liter
From Part II enter the receiving scream concentration:
0.000 mg/liter
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then thls biocide Is
unacceptable for use,
Richard M. Johnson'
Name (Print)
/z Vsy
Sig - .e Date
Person in Responsible Charge
D.E.M. Form 101 8/89 3

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street • Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
1
JAN 30 1992
ENV. MANAGEMENT
FAYETTEVILLE REG. OFFICE
Resources
James G. Martin, Governor George T. Everett, Ph.D.
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary'
Mr. Richard M. Johnson
Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc.
Post Office Box 35
Clarkton, NC 28433
Dear Mr. Johnson :
Director
January 28, 1992
Subject: NPDES Permit Application
NPDES Permit No.NC0081558
Bladen Plant
Bladen County
This is to acknowledge receipt of the following documents on December 11, 1991:
I Application Form,
Engineering Proposal (for proposed control facilities),
Request for permit renewal,
Application Processing Fee of $400.00,
Engineering Economics Alternatives Analysis,
Local Government :Signoff,
Source Reduction and Recycling,
Interbasin Transfer,
4 Other Engineering narrative and biocide information,
The items checked below are needed before review can begin:
Application Form
Engineering proposal (see attachment),
Application Processing Fee of
Delegation of Authority (see attached)
Biocide Sheet (see attached)
Engineering Economics Alternatives Analysis,
Local Government Signoff,
Source Reduction, and Recycling,
Interbasin Transfer,
Other
REGIONAL OFFICES
Asheville Fayetteville Mooresville Raleigh Washington Wilmington Winston-Salem
704/251-6208 919/486-1541 704/663-1699 919/733-2314 919/946-6481 919/395-3900 919/896-7007
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

If the application not made complete within thirty (30) days, it will be
returned to you andimay be resubmitted when complete.
This application hal been assigned to
.(919/733-5083) of ourl Permits Unit for review. You will be advised of any
comments recommendations, questions or other information necessary for.the
review of the appliciation.
I am, by copy of this' letter, requesting that our Regional Office
Supervisor prepare a.Istaff report and recomm-nd-.tions re rding this
discharge. If you have any questions regar n this ap cations,
please contact the review person listed a
Kr"
CC : lle Regi, An i 0 fice
1
Charles M. Lowe
Dale Overcash, P.E.

2X
DEC 17 1991
ENV. MANAGEMENT
State of North Carolina FAYETTEVILLE REG. OFFICE
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management
512 North Salisbury Street . Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
James G. Martin, Governor George T. Everett,Ph.D.
William W. Cobey, Jr., Secretary Director
December 13, 1991
Mr. RICHARD M. JOHNSON
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS,INC.
P. O. BOX 35
CLARKTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28433
Subject: Application No. NC0081558
HARRIET & HENDERSON
YARNS ,INC.
Bladen Plant
Bladen County
Dear Mr. JOHNSON:
The Division's Permits and Engineering Unit acknowledges receipt of your permit application and
supporting materials received on December 11, 1991. This application has been assigned the number
shown above. Please refer to this number when making inquiries on this project.
Your project has been assigned to Charles Lowe for a detailed engineering review. A technical
acknowledgement will be forthcoming. If this acknowledgement is not received within thirty (30)
days, please contact the engineer listed above.
Be aware that the Division's regional office, copied below, must provide recommendations from the
Regional Supervisor for this project prior to final action by the Division.
If you have any questions, please contact Charles Lowe at [phone].
Sincerely,
'947 de— 6 le62-A-Adzz,
Iar
M. Dale Overcash, P.E.
- Supervisor, NPDES Permits Group
cc: Fayetteville Regional Office
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS
Two methods for evaluating biocide discharge concentrations have been
examined and included in this application:
The first method considers the actual concentrations of specific
biocides which are received by the holding tank from the cooling towers,
and detained and degraded for an average of 480 minutes prior to being
discharged into the receiving stream. The influent concentrations to
the holding tank are calculated using the equations from the State
biocide work sheet form. The final receiving stream concentrations are
given by the following equation:
FC = IC / 2'
FC - final effluent concentration from -detention tank (mg/L).
IC - detention tank influent concentration (mg/L).
n - number of half-lives (hl): n = 480 / hl.
The second method evaluates the discharge concentrations using the
standard biocide work sheet issued by the State. The dosage rate values
reflect degraded dosages which incorporate the half-life reductions
occurring within the detention tank. The dosage rate values are given
by the following equation:
DR = dr / 2'
DR - degraded dosage rate value (grams per day).
dr - actual dosage rate (grams per day).
The detention tank volume is not considered as part of the system
volume when calculating the degradation factor (D.F.) on page 2 of the
work sheet.

.4.
EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS -
(METHOD ONE)
Product name: C-2189
Active ingredients,: 1-bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin; 92%
Half-life: 0.009 days (12.96 minutes)
The cooling towers have a maximum make up water requirement of 5,000
gallons per day (gpd), most of which comes from the chilled water
overflow. The maximum concentration of biocide C-2189 in the overflow
is 23 mg/L. The total maximum amount of C-2189 added to the cooling
towers from the overflow per day is: (23)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 0.959 pounds
per day (ppd). In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct
dosage of C-2189 of 0.7 ppd. The maximum total dosage per day of
biocide C-2189 is therefore 0.7 + 0.959 = 1.66 ppd (753 grams per day).
This is the dosage rate used in the biocide work sheet. The results as
calculated using the equations in the work sheet are listed below:
A.D.D. = 0.0108 mgd
IWC = 100Z
D.R. = 753 grams/day
System Volume = 0.0035 million gallons (mg)
pH = 9.0
H.L. = 0.009 days
D.K. = 76.67'
D.F. = 79.75
Discharge Concentration (into detention tank) = 0.713 mg/L
Receiving Stream Concentration (FC) = 0.713/237 = 0.000
where n = (480)/((0.009)(1440)) = 37.0
Organism
Daphnia Magna
Fathead"Minnow'
Duration
48 Hr.
96 Hr.
LC50
0.47 mg/L
2.25 mg/L

EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS -
(METHOD ONE cont.)
Product name: CL-206
Active ingredients: 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilophilopropionamide; 20%
Half-life: 0.015 days (21.60 minutes)
The maximum concentration of biocide CL-206 in the overflow is 40 mg/L.
The total maximum amount of CL-206 added to the cooling towers from the
overflow -per day is: (40)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 1.67 pounds per day (ppd).
In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct dosage of CL-206 of
0.33 ppd. The maximum total dosage per day of biocide CL-206 is
therefore 0.33 + 1.67 = 2.00 ppd (907 grams per day). This is the
dosage rate used in the biocide work sheet. The results as calculated
using the equations in the work sheet are listed below:
A.D.D. = 0.0108 mgd
IWC = 100%
D.R. = 907 grams/day
System Volume = 0.0035 million gallons (mg)
pH = 9.0
H.L. = 0.015 days
D.K. = 46.0
D.F. = 49.0
Discharge Concentration (into detention tank) = 1.40 mg/L
Receiving Stream Concentration (FC) = 1.40/222.2 = 0.000
where n = (480)/((0.015)(1440)) = 22.2
Organism
Daphnia Magna
Fathead Minnow
Duration
48 Hr.
96 Hr.
LC50
1.24 mg/L
1.36 mg/L

. '
EXPLANATION OF CALCULATIONS -
(METHOD TWO)
Product name: C-2189
Active ingredients: 1-bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin; 92Z
Half-life: 0.009 days (12.96 minutes)
The cooling towers have a maximum make up water requirement of
5,000 gallons per day (gpd), most of which comes from the chilled water
overflow. The maximum concentration of biocide C-2189 in the overflow.
is 23 mg/L. The total maximum amount of C-2189 added to the cooling
towers from the overflow per day is: (23)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 0.959 pounds
per day (ppd). In'addition, the towers will have a maximum direct
dosage of C-2189 of 0.7 ppd. The maximum total dosage rate of biocide
C-2189 is therefore 0.7 + 0.959 = 1.66 ppd (753 grams per day). The
effective reduced dosage rate (DR) is given by the following calculation
and is further explained in BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS in the "second method"
paragraph:
((1.66)x(453.6))/237 = 0.00 grams per day
The maximum total effective dosage per day of biocide C-2189 is
therefore 0.00. No further calculations are necessary.
Product name: CL-206
Active ingredients: 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilophilopropionamide; 20Z
Half-life: 0.015 days (21.60 minutes)
The maximum concentration of biocide CL-206 in the overflow is 40
mg/L. The total maximum amount of CL-206 added to the cooling towers
from the overflow per day is: (40)x(0.005)x(8.34) = 1.67 pounds per day
(ppd). In addition, the towers will have a maximum direct dosage of CL-
206 of 0.33 ppd.' The maximum total dosage per day of biocide CL-206 is
therefore 0.33 + 1.67 = 2.00 ppd (907 grams per day). The effective
reduced dosage rate (DR) is given by the following calculation and is
further explained in BIOCIDE CALCULATIONS in the "second method"
paragraph:
((2.00)x(453.6))/222 = 0.00 grams per day
The maximum total effective dosage per day of biocide C-2189 is
therefore 0.00. ,No further calculations are necessary.

N0•.;,._ 2 5 —+ 1 MCDN '1 I.
••i E H c T
F' _ 01
BIOCIDE/CHEMICAL TREATMENT
... WORKSHEET-FORM 101
The following calculations are to be performed on any biocidal products ultimately discharged to the surface waters of
North Carolina. This worksheet must be completed separately for each biocidal product in use. This worksheet is to be
returned with all appropriate data entered into the designated areas with calculations performed as Indicated.
I. Facility Name Harriet & Henderson Yarns, Inc. - Clarkton, NC
• NPDES # NC
County ' B1 aden
Receiving Stream U.T. to Brown Marsh :Swamp 7Q10 0 (cts)
(All above information supplied by the Division of Environmental Management)
What is the Average Daily Discharge (A.D.D.) volume of the water handling systems to the receiving water body?
A.D.D.• 0.0108 (in M.G.D.)
Please calculate the Instream Waste Concentration (iWC in percent) of this discharge using.the data entered
above.
IWC = (7Q10)(0.646) ( 0 ) (0.6 4 6) +
'0.0108 )
(A.D.D.) X 100 (0.010$$ X 100
_ 100
This value (WC) represents the waste concentration to the receiving stream during low flow conditions.
11. What is the name of the whole product chemical treatment proposed for use in the discharge identified in Part I?
Chemtreat C-2189
Please list the active ingredients and percent composition:
1-bromo -3 chloro, -5, 5-dimethvlhvdantoin
92 %
cyo
What feed or dosage rate (D.R.) is used in this application? The units must be converted to grams of whole
product used per day.
D.R.a 753 grams/day
D.E.M. Form.1O1 8/89 1

Estimate total volume of the water handling system between entry of blocida1 product and NPDES discharge
point. On an attached sheet please provide justification for this estimate (system volume, average cycles per
blowdown, holding lagoon size, etc.)
Volume= 0.0035 million gallons
What is the pH of the handling system prior to biocide addition? If unknown, enter N/A. 9.0
What Is the decay rate (D.K.) of the product? If unknown, assume no decay (D.K.=0) and proceed to asterisk.
The degradation must be stated at pH level within 1/2 pH standard unit within handling system. Enter the half
life (Half Life Is the tlm'e required for the initial product to degrade to half of its original concentration). Please
provide copies of the sources of this data.
H.L. = 0.009 Days
The decay rate is equal to tilt..X 0.69 = 76.67 =Decay Rate (D.K.)
Calculate degradation factor (D.F.). This is the first order loss coefficient.
D.F. _ (A.D.D.) * D.K.) (0.0108) * ( 76.67) = 79.75
(Volume) ( C 0.0035 )
Calculate Steady State Discharge Concentration:
Dischg Conc. _ (D.R.) Q ( 753 ) 02.. 713 mg/I
(D.F,)(Volume)(3785) ( 79.75 ) (0.0035 ) (3 7 8 5 )
Calculate concentration of biocide instream during low flow conditions.
(Receiving Stream Concentration)
(Dischq. Conc.) x (IWC%)
100
( 0.713 ) x ( 100
in a x(Z'
*
0.000
mg;i
Receiving Stream Concentration
*See explanation of calculations (Method one)
Calculate regulated limitation.
List all LC50 data available for the whole product according to the following columns. (Note that units should be
in mg/I). Please provide copies of the sources of this data.
Organism Test Duration LC50 (n111)
Daphnia Magna 48 hr 0.47
Fathead Minnow
96 hr • 2.25
D.E.M. Form' 101 8/89 2

Choose the lowest LC50 listed above:
Enter the LC50: 2.25
if the half life (H.L.) Is less than 4 days, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation 0.05 x LC50 m 0. 1125 mg/I
If the half life (H.L.) is greater than 4 days or unknown, perform the following calculation.
Regulated Limitation 0.01 x LC50 - N/A mg/1
Choose the appropriate regulated limitation from the calculations Immediately above and place In this blank:
0.000 • mg/liter
From Part 11 enter the receiving stream concentration:
mg/liter
IV. Analysis.
If the receiving stream concentration is greater than the calculated regulated limitation, then this biocide is
unacceptable for use.
/2—/s/q/
Date
Person in Responsible Charge
D.E.M. Form 101 8/89 3

CC: LOO71
'14 40' 75 7 ELIZ4BETHTOWN 10 Mr.
CLARKTON QUADRANGLE
NORTH CAROLINA -
v
7.5' MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
NW/4 WHI7EVIL E 15' QUADR NGLE
716 2110 0001 FEET 1 1
100
78° q7, 30"
-34° 30'
270000
FEET
_x 3818
I' •
27' 30"
3815'

°CA1
L
°ABSITIIR 1F
TOTAL VOWS@31500 OAS.
0000 GAL.
O1aTANT101i TANY
920 OPY
CAB11B101 c1011711
9E0 TONS
CARRIER
mIILL00 NAVES
.
9IIYP
9USOtffiS
BLOW' DO17I
9
711.A.N01 TORMIR
TOTAL VOLU10520530 GAL
L990 OPSI
TRANI! OMLSSR
000 70N9
I OSOO/SOAL I
noon
1
trIV -BROTH ILARSIL SW'AYP
"rel
THANE
COOLLED 'WATER
9UHP
HARRIET & HENDERSON YARNS, INC.
Clarkton, North Carolina
COOLING TOWERS
and
CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS

-
-"NORTH CAROLINA DEPT.'OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE - SHORT FORM D FOR
AGENCY
USE
To be filed only by-servicesl, wholesale and retail trade,
and other commercial establishments including vessels.
Do not attempt to complete this form without reading the accompanying instructions
;Please print or type
I ,
1. Name, address, and tel number of facility producing discharge
A. Name Harriet & Henderson Yarns . Inc . , R 1 a (Iran
2. SIC
B. Street address Hwv 701 South, P.O. Rnx 15
C. City
E. County
Clarkton
Bladen F. ZIP 28433
APPLICATION NUMBER
NI do to I r / 13-1s1'
DATE RECEIVED
/I i I /I 2'1 /I /
YEAR M0. DAY
a, /gS/33
Plant
G. Telephone: No. [phone]
(Leave blank)
3. Number of employees
4. Nature of business
70
Area
Code
D. State North Carolina
LO
Manufacturing Yarn — SIC 2281
5. (a) Check here if discharge occurs all'yearb; or
(b) Check the month(s) discharge occurs:
1. ❑January d 2.0February
6. ❑ June 17. ❑July 8.0 August
11.0 November 12. ❑ December
(c) How many days per week:
1.01 2432-3 3.04-5 4.0(6-7
I
6. Types of waste water d•scharged to surface waters
co
r,l
3.0March 4.oApril 5.0May
9.0September 10.0 October "=
C.A.)
only (check as applicable)
.
Discharge per
operating day
Flow, gallons per operating day •
Volume treated before
discharging (percent)
0.1-999
(1)
1000-4999
(2)
5000-3999
(3)
10,000-
49,999
(4)
50,000
or more
(5,)
None
(6)
0.1-
29.9
(7)
30-
64.9
(8)
65-
94.9
(9)
95-
100
(10)
A. Sanitary, daily
average
B. Cooling water, etc..,
daily average
14,000
C. Other discharge(s),
daily average;
Specify
. .•
D. Maximum per operat-
ing day for combined
discharge (all types)
I
'
I
.

7, If any of the types of waste identified in item 6, either treated or un-
treated, are discharged to places other than surface waters, check below
as applicable.
Waste water is discharged to:
0.1-999
(1)
1000-4999
(2)
5000-9999
(3)
10,000-49,999
(4)
50,000 or more
(5)
A. Mun l r. i pa 1 :ewer •.y•, tem
1
, 750
H. Ilmlrriirnunrl wi•II
C. Septic tank
D. Evaporation lagoon or pond
E. Other.. specify:
•
8. Number of separate discharge points:
A. 901 B. 02-3 C.❑ 4-5 D,❑ 6 or more
9. Name of receiving water or waters Unnamed Tributary To .Brown Marsh Swamp
10. Does your discharge contain or is it possible for your discharge to contain
one or more of the following substances added as a result of your operations,
activities, or processes: ammonia, cyanide, aluminum, beryllium, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc, phenols, oil and
grease, and chlorine (residual).
A.Xyes B.❑no
I certify that 1 am familiar with the information contained in the application and
that to the hest of my knowledge and belief such information is true, complete, and
accurate.
Richard M. Johnson
Printed Name of Person Signing
Corporate Engineer
Title
Signature of Applicant
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6(b)(2) provides that: Any person who knowingly makes
riny false statement representation, or certification in any application, record, report, plan,
r other document files or required to be maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the
nvironmental Management Commission implementing that Article, or who falsifies, tampers with,
1r knowly renders inaccurate any recording or monitoring device or method required to be
operated or maintained under Article 21 or regulations.of the Environmental Management Commissio
Lrplenenting that Article, shall be' guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed
',10,r11O, or by imprisonment not to exceed six months, or by both. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 orovid
punisient by a fine of.not more than $10,000 or imprisonment not more than 5 years, or oath,
:or a similar o:Eense,)

ENGINEERING NARRATIVE
The cooling water system is composed of a chilled water loop, two
cooling towers, and a 1,000 gallon holding tank for tower bleed off.
The towers can have a daily maximum of 5,000 gallons make up water from
the chilled water overflow. Cascading the chilled water overflow into
the cooling tower system reduces the total system discharge volume by
eliminating direct chilled water overflow discharges and also conserves
potable water which. would otherwise be necessary for cooling tower make
up water. The cooling towers cumulatively discharge 7.5+ gallons per
minute (gpm) into a 3,600 gallon detention tank which provides an
average holding time of 480 minutes. The detention tank is to provide
added insurance,that biocide concentrations in the discharge are
degraded to acceptable (non -toxic) levels before entering the receiving
stream.
Other disposal options that were considered included discharging into
the municipal sewer system. The Town of Clarkton has expressed
reluctance to accept this discharge due to the limited flow capacity of
Its existing wastewater treatment facility.
The paragraphs above are intended to comply with the requirements of the
State Administrative Code Section 15 A NCAC 2H.0105(c)(1,2,3,&7).