R_2553 Kinston Bypass

SCREENING INDIRECT AND CUMULATIVE
EFFECTS STUDY
FOR
KINSTON BYPASS
LENOIR, JONES,AND CRAVEN COUNTIES
NORTH CAROLINA
STIP PROJECT R-2553
WBS NO. 34460
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
AUGUST2012

Table of Contents

1.0Executive Summary........................................................................................................iii

2.0Project Overview............................................................................................................1

2.1Purpose and Need......................................................................................................1

2.2Economic Development..............................................................................................2

2.3Environmental Documentation....................................................................................2

3.0Future Land Use Study Area..........................................................................................4

4.0Time Horizon..................................................................................................................4

5.0Other Transportation and Infrastructure Projects............................................................5

6.0Transportation Impact Causing Activities........................................................................7

7.0Population Trends / Projections......................................................................................7

8.0Job Trends / Projections.................................................................................................8

9.0Municipal Utilities...........................................................................................................10

10.0Notable Features...........................................................................................................13

10.1Human Environment..................................................................................................13

10.2Natural Environment..................................................................................................16

11.0Development Regulations..............................................................................................19

11.1NC Environmental Management Commission (NCEMC)...........................................19

11.2Lenoir County............................................................................................................19

11.3City of Kinston...........................................................................................................20

11.4Craven County...........................................................................................................20

11.5Pitt County.................................................................................................................21

11.6Townof Grifton..........................................................................................................21

11.7Jones County............................................................................................................22

12.0Land Suitability..............................................................................................................22

13.0Market for Development................................................................................................25

13.1Current Development Pressures................................................................................25

13.2Development Market Assumptions............................................................................25

14.0Indirect Screening Matrix Methodology..........................................................................26

14.1UpGrade Existing Alternative.....................................................................................26

14.2Northern Alternatives.................................................................................................27

14.3Southern Alternatives................................................................................................28

14.4Conclusion.................................................................................................................28

15.0Next Steps.....................................................................................................................32

16.0Cumulative Effects Summary........................................................................................32

16.1Past Projects.............................................................................................................32

16.2Current Projects.........................................................................................................33

16.3Future Projects..........................................................................................................33

16.4Cumulative Effects Summary Statement....................................................................33

17.0Sources.........................................................................................................................36
i
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List of Tables

Table 1: Other Transportation Improvement Projects in the Vicinity of the Study Area...............5

Table 2: Summary of Transportation Impact Causing Activities..................................................7

Table 3: Population Forecasts....................................................................................................8

Table 4: Definitions of Stream Classifications...........................................................................17

Table 5: Streams listed as 303(d)..............................................................................................17

Table 6: Available Land.............................................................................................................22
Table 7: Indirect Land Use Effects Screening Tool –Kinston Bypass Upgrade Existing

Alternative..................................................................................................................29

Table 8: Indirect Land Use Effects Screening Tool –Kinston Bypass Northern Alternatives.....30

Table9: Indirect Land Use Effects Screening Tool –Kinston Bypass Southern Alternatives.....31

Table 10: Summary of Past Projects.........................................................................................32

Table 11: Summary of Current Projects....................................................................................33

Table 12: Summary of Future Projects......................................................................................33

Table 13: Summary Notable Environmental Resources and Foreseeable Impacts...................34
List of Figures

Figure1: Project Location..........................................................................................................3

Figure 2: Project Area STIP Projects..........................................................................................6

Figure 3: Water and Sewer Service Areas................................................................................12

Figure 4: Human Environmental Features.................................................................................15

Figure 5: Natural Environmental Features.................................................................................18

Figure 6: Vacant and Underutilized Land..................................................................................23

Figure 7: Environmental Sensitivity Screening..........................................................................24
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1.0EXECUTIVESUMMARY
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is proposing a project, STIP
R-2553, termed the Kinston Bypass,that is currently planned as a four-lane, median divided
freeway with full control of access on new location in Lenoir, Jones, and Craven Counties, North
Carolina.Theproposed design speed ofthe project is70 miles per hour (mph). The project
extendsfrom US 70 near LaGrange (in Lenoir County) to US 70 near Dover(on the Jones and
Craven County Line). The project will consider alternativesnorth and south of Kinston, as well
as the upgrade of existing US 70 and US 70 Bypassalternative. US 70 is designated as
Strategic Highway Corridor Number 46; which runs from Raleigh to Morehead City; which
involves improving US 70 to a freeway facility,is part of the North Carolina Intrastate System,
and is designated as a hurricane evacuation route. Needs for the project include through traffic
delays and existing capacity deficiencies along US 70 and US 70 Bypass.
The project will result in a decrease in total travel time andanincrease in both property access
andproperty exposure. The increase in access and exposure will be its greatest at new
transportation nodeswhere the projectintersects existing highways.
Separate indirect screening matrices were created to evaluate the key differences between the
upgrade existing alternative, the northern alternatives, and the southern alternatives. The
evaluation matrices for the northern alternatives and southern alternatives scored greater than
32, which suggestthat further examination by anIndirect Scenario Assessment is warranted.
The matrix for the upgrade existing alternative scored 28, which means that an Indirect Scenario
Assessment is likely warranted. The only category consistently ranked low on all three matrices
was population growth. Fourcategories, scope of project, change in accessibility, available land
and notable environmental resources; were ranked high on the matrices for the northern and
southern alternatives.The upgrade existing alternative only had change in accessibility and
available land ranked high.
The FLUSA includes approximately 297,448 acres of land. Of this, approximately 129,301 acres
(43.5 percent) are considered developable.The time horizon for the study was from 2000 to
2035. Notable human environmental features in the FLUSA include the Wyse Fork Battlefield,
the North Carolina Global Transpark (GTP), FEMA’sHazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
buyout properties, and several Voluntary Agriculture Districts (VADs). Notable natural
environmental features include the Neuse River, wetlands, floodplains, conservation
easements, andSignificant Natural Heritage Areas (SNHA’s).
The population growth rate for the FLUSA has a projected annual average growth rate of less
than onepercent.The GTP isanticipated to continue its growthand create more jobs for
Kinston and the surrounding area. The proposed projectwillimprove transportation efficiency
and strengthen the area as a logistics hub.
The majority of development with or without the project is expected to occur north of existing
US70,particularly near the GTP and to the west of the City of Kinston.Development
regulations in the area address future land use,and much of the recent infrastructure
improvements and expansions have taken place in this area.
The Lenoir County Watershed Protection Ordinance applies to a portion of the southwest area
of the FLUSA. TheWatershed ordinance establishes density and intensity standards for
residential and non-residential development within the Neuse River Water Supply Watershed
WS IV-CA (critical areas) and WS IV-PA (protected areas) of the watershed. In addition, the
entire FLUSAis subject to the Neuse River BufferRules. This rule requires a 50-foot riparian
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area be protected and maintained alongwaterways within the river basin. A buffer mitigation
rule allows some activities with prescribed mitigation(15A NCAC 2B .0233 (6)). The buffer rules
are administered by the NCDWQ.
Various stormwater permitting programs exist within the FLUSA, which includes Lenoir County
for the area within the WS IV-CA and WS IV-PA under the Local Watershed Protection
Program; the City of Kinston under the Neuse River Stormwater Program; Craven County, the
Town of Dover, and Cove City under the Coastal State Permitting Program; and Pitt Countyand
the Town of Grifton underthe National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)Phase
II Stormwater Permits.
There are four stream segments within orpartially within the FLUSA that are on the Final North
Carolina Water Quality Assessment and Impaired Waters List (2010 Integrated 305(b) and
303(d) Report), approved August 31, 2010. No Outstanding Resource Waters, High Quality
Waters, or Wild and ScenicRivers exist within or within one mile of the FLUSA.
This project is expected to contribute to indirect and cumulative effects of future changes within
the FLUSA. The project is expected to result in travel time savings of greater than 10 minutes
and will change property access and exposure and create new land use/transportation nodes.
Direct environmental impacts by NCDOT projects are addressed by avoidance, minimization or
mitigation, consistent with programmatic agreements with the natural resource agencies during
the permitting processes. All development will be required to follow local, state,and federal
guidelines and permitting requirements.The Indirect and Cumulative Effects Land Use Scenario
Assessment will better discern the magnitude of the effects.
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2.0PROJECT OVERVIEW
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is proposing a four-lane, median
divided freeway with full control of access in Lenoir, Jones and Craven Counties in North
Carolinathat is being proposed as a principal arterial. The project extends from US 70, a
designated principal arterial,near LaGrange (in Lenoir County) to US 70 near Dover (on the
Jones and Craven County line). See Figure1for the project location. Other highways that are
within the project study area includeUS 70 Business, US 258, NC 11, NC55, NC 58, and Felix
Harvey Parkway Extension.
The proposed action islisted in the 2012-2020 State Transportation Improvement Program
(STIP) as Project Number R-2553.The projecthas adesign speed of 70 miles per hour (mph),
and would serve as a bypass of Kinston from La Grange to Dover. There is potential for new
location alternatives to cross the North Carolina Railroad Company/Norfolk Southern Railroad,
which runs east-west through Lenoir County, as well as the CSX Railroad. The project would
also involve a crossing over the Neuse River. The project is scheduled for right-of-way
acquisition in FY 2020, and construction is unfunded.
According to the Traffic Forecast Technical Memorandumfor the Kinston Bypass Alternatives
Study, traffic on US 70 between US 258and US 70 Business had 35,600 Annual Average Daily
Traffic (AADT) in the year 2008(NCDOT, July 2009). It is projected that this same segment will
carry 62,600 AADT in the year 2035.
2.1PURPOSE AND NEED
Given that the project will be a freeway facility, the proposed project would meet several
important transportationneeds for Kinston and Lenoir County. US 70 is designated as Strategic
Highway Corridor Number 46 (which runs from Raleigh to Morehead City), is part of the North
Carolina Intrastate System, and is also designated as a hurricane evacuation route. The
Strategic Highway Corridor Plan designates this portion of US 70 asa freeway. Primary needs
for the project include:
Existing capacity deficiencies along US 70 and US 70 Bypass.
US 70 from Raleigh to Morehead City is designated as a Strategic Highway
Corridor.
The purpose for the project is toimprove regional mobility, connectivity, and capacity for US 70
between LaGrange and Dover in a manner that meets the intent of the North Carolina Strategic
Highway Corridors Plan.
The proposed action will improve regional mobility and capacity by providinga facility that
allows for high-speed travel(minimum operating speed of 45 miles per hour), consists of a
median-divided multi-lane roadway, limits access to major crossroadsby way of interchanges,
and connects to the existing sections of US 70 that have full control of access near LaGrange
and Dover.
In addition to addressing the primary needs, the potential exists for additional benefits as a
result of the proposed action as follows:
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Emergency Evacuation
The North Carolina Division of Emergency Management has identified the US 70 Corridor as
amajor hurricane evacuation route. The proposed action has thepotential to reduce
hurricane evacuation clearance time for residents and visitors who use the US 70 Corridor
during evacuation.
National Highway System’s Strategic Highway Network
The National Highway System’s Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) has identified the
US70 Corridor as a non-Interstate STRAHNET Route.STRAHNET includes a network of
highways that are important to the United States’ strategic defense policy and provide
defense access, continuity, and emergency capabilities for defense purposes. The
proposed action has the potential to improve the mobility of armed forces located at
Seymour Johnson Air Force Base and Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station.
2.2ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
While not included as part of the project’s Purpose and Need, economic development is
considered a potential secondary benefit of the project. The project, as envisioned in the
Strategic Highway Corridor Plan,would support the future industrial/commercial developmentin
Lenoir County and Eastern North Carolinathrough increased efficiency of transporting goods
and increased access to key resources.According to the Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategypublished by the Eastern Carolina Council, economic interactions among
the region’s urban centers have been hindered by the lack of a fully interconnected interstate-
quality, four-lane highway system within the region (2007). This, in turn, has inhibited the
development and/or utilization of other assets such as Global TransPark (GTP) in Lenoir County
and the Port of Morehead City in Carteret County. GTPis a 2,400-acre industrial/airport site, of
which 300 acres is an industrial park.GTP is envisioned as an inland port with superior air
transportation. Similarly, the Port of Morehead City is also a unique asset for the region and is
critical for national security serving the US Marine Corps at Camp Lejeune. The port’s primary
access to the vital interstate freight transportation network of I-95 and I-40 are along US 70 and
US 17. The continued investment in port facilities and related infrastructure could enhance the
opportunity for this region to become a major shippinggateway.
2.3ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION
Due to the level of perceived environmental impacts, the project will require a North Carolina
(State)Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for permitting. The content of the State EIS will
conform to the North Carolina \[State\]Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) of 1971(North Carolina
General Statute Chapter 113A, Article 1), and the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s)
Guidance for Preparing and Processing Environmental and Section 4(f) Documents(Technical
Advisory T6640.8A, 1987). This document can generally be classified as a “high” level
environmental analysis for documentation under NEPA.
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3.0FUTURE LAND USE STUDY AREA
The FLUSA is the area surrounding a construction project that could possibly be indirectly
affected by the actions of others as a result of the completion of the project and combined
projects. This study area encompasses all of the areas examined for potential increases in
development pressure as a result of project construction. The area shownon Figure 1
represents the FLUSA. This area has been chosen to include planned/potential future
development areasaround Kinston, including the GTP, and potential industrial/commercial/non-
residential development areas; residential neighborhoods west and north of the proposed
project; andrural residential areas east of the project.To the north, the FLUSAfollows the
Lenoir/Greene county line, runs along the Contentnea Creek to pass just northof the Town of
Grifton, and crosses the Neuse River in the northeast corner. To the east, it runs along the
Pitt/Craven county line, moves east after crossing NC 55 to include the Towns of Dover and
Cove City, then follows NC 41south to cross US 70 and the Craven/Jones county line. To the
south, the FLUSAruns roughly parallel to US 70, between three and eight miles to the south. It
runs just south of Wyse Fork Road to NC 58, follows the Blue-Gray Parkway (shown in
Figure3) across US 258,crosses NC 11, and follows a portion of the Neuse River again in the
southwest corner. To thewest, it follows the Wayne/Lenoir county line to cross US 70 and
includes the Town of LaGrange. The FLUSAwas approvedby the NCDOT Human
EnvironmentSectionat a meeting held onNovember 8,2010.
The land usein Kinstonconsists of office, commercial/retail, and mixed density residential. The
residential development north of US70-Businessthrough Kinston is modest single family
detached homes. There are some larger, older residencesalong US 70-Business/Queen Street
in Kinston.
The western edge of the project study area is approximately nine miles west of Kinston where
US 70 runs south of the Town of La Grange. South of La Grange, NC 903 crosses US 70, with
a controlled access interchange. Control of access on US 70 ends just east of La Grange.
Between La Grange and Kinston the land use is primarily agricultural, with some commercial
and industrial areas mixed with scattered rural single family residential.
The eastern edge of the project study area is about 16miles east of Kinston near the Town of
Cove City. US 70 is located south of Cove City, and is crossed by NC 41 with a controlled
access interchange. Between Cove City and Kinston the land use is primarily agricultural.
Between Cove City and Kinston is the Town of Dover, where Old US 70 (now Sunset Blvd) runs
parallel to the railroad tracks between Dover and Cove City, just north of current US70.Control
of access on US 70 begins again nearDover.
4.0TIME HORIZON
The time horizon for this analysis is between the year 2000 and the year 2035.The Census
data and population projections reach from 2000 to 2030. Adopted local and regional plans
relevant to the project have future planning years ranging from 2015 to 2035. TheCity of
Kinston Comprehensive Transportation Plan(NCDOT, 2011) has been developed for 2030.
Traffic forecasts completed for the project extend to 2035.Therefore, a range from 2000-2035
encompasses all relevant plans and data.
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5.0OTHER TRANSPORTATIONAND INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS
Other transportation projects in and around the vicinity of the proposedproject may cause
indirect and cumulative effects related to land use, transportation, human demographics,and
the environment.The STIP was reviewed to identify other transportation and infrastructure
projects andare listedin Table 1and shown on Figure 2.Projects listed in the City ofKinston
Comprehensive Transportation Plan were not included, as it is not a fiscally constrained plan
associated with any funding mechanisms.
Table 1:Other Transportation Improvement Projects in the Vicinity of the Study Area
ID No.DescriptionSchedule (Fiscal Years)
R-2554US 70 Goldsboro Bypass, west of NC 581 in Planning/design –complete for all
Wayne County to eastof SR 1323 (Promise sections
Land Road) in Lenoir County –four lane
divided freeway on new location.
Section A:
ROW in progress;
Section A:
west of NC 581 to east of SR
Construction 2012
1300 (Salem Church Road),
Section BA:
Under Construction
Section BA:
east of SR 1300 (Salem
Section BB and C:
Under
Church Road) to east of SR 556 (Wayne
Construction
Memorial Drive),
Section BB:
east of SR 1556 (Wayne
Memorial Drive) to west of SR 1714 (Creek
Road),
Section C:
west of SR 1714 (Creek Road) to
east of SR 1323 (Promise Land Road)
R-2719ANC 148(CFHarvey Parkway) in Kinston, Planning/design –complete
from US 70 to US 58 -multi-lane facility on
ROW -complete
new location (8.4 mi).
Construction –in progress
U-3618Carey Road Extension, from SR 1572 Planning/design –in progress
(Rouse Road) to US 258 –multi-lanes on
ROW –2019
new location (1.7 miles).
Construction -unfunded
U-2928BNew railroad line from NC Railroad to Global Planning/design -complete
TransPark
ROW -complete
Under Construction –in progress
Sources:North Carolina Department of Transportation 2011-2020 Draft State Transportation Improvement Program.
Website: www.ncdot.org/planning/development/TIP/TIP/Trans/division2.html.
R–Rural Projects. U –Urban Projects. ROW –Right of Way
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6.0TRANSPORTATION IMPACT CAUSING ACTIVITIES
The proposed project would affect travel patterns, travel time, property access and property
exposure within the FLUSA. The following table summarizes the likely changes. The location
and extent of changes will vary, depending on which project corridor is ultimately selected and
built.
Table 2: Summary of Transportation Impact Causing Activities
ActivityChanges Expected Changes
Likely?
Travel-TimeYesThe project will provide a controlled access freeway, which
will reduce delays and increase capacity. Travel time for
through-traffic will be reduced. This will improve
connectivity for Kinston and GTP with the Port of Morehead
City and I-95 and I-40.
Property AccessYesProperty access will be altered for those properties that are
along or adjacent to the project. Properties bisected by or
near the project will have a new barrier that may limit their
access. Other properties will experience improved access
to the highway system if they are located near
interchanges.
Travel PatternsYesTraffic patterns will be altered by a controlled access
freeway. Through traffic will likely use the proposed project
over the existing US70(assumes bypass). Traffic that may
currently avoid existing US 70 due to deficiencies, may now
use the new roadway or choose the existing roadway over
their current alternative.Other changes in travel patterns
could occur on local roads due to barrier effects or
reductions in connectivity on local streets.
Property ExposureYesProperty exposure will increase, especially for properties
located at proposed interchanges or those along thenew
location roadway. Properties along existing US 70 will have
adecrease in exposure from through-traffic(assumes
bypass).
Transportation/Land YesNew transportation/land use nodes will be created at the
Use Nodesinterchanges with existing roadways and the proposed
project. These nodes will be most likely to experience land
use changes and support denser clusters of development
that would cater to highway traffic (e.g. gas stations,
restaurants, and lodging).
7.0POPULATION TRENDS / PROJECTIONS
According to the North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management (OSBM), between
2000and 2010 the population of Lenoir County remained stagnant, with a loss of 80 persons,
equivalent to an average annual change of .01 percent, while Jones County lost 1.1percent,
Craven County grew by 13.4percent,and Pitt County grewby 26.1percent during the same
period.
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The population of Lenoir County is projected by OSBM to modestly increase over the next
twenty years:1.3 percent increasebetween 2010 and 2020and another 1.3percent between
2020 and 2030. This population change is equivalent to an average annual population increase
of 0.13 percent. Population projections for the State of North Carolina, in comparison, show
largerincreasesof15.4percent between 2010 and 2020 and 12.9percent between 2020 and
2030.
While the OSBM projects the population of Lenoir County to experience only slight growth over
the next twodecades, this could change if the GTP becomes more productive. When it was
initiated, the GTP was expected to result in population and development increases in thecounty
due to an increase in employment opportunities. Projections made in 2000 estimated that the
population of Lenoir County would increase substantially by 2012 (annual percentage change of
1.35 percent, with a total growth of 39.9 percent over 25 years).
Table 3below compares population forecasts for the state and the fourcounties included in the
FLUSA (Craven, Jones, Lenoir and Pitt)between 2010 and 2030, in 10-year increments.
Craven and PittCounties are expected to grow by 19.7percentand 25.7percent(respectively)
over the nextdecade, while the average growth for North Carolinais 15 percentduring the
same period.
Table 3:Population Forecasts
AreaPopulationGrowth
percent
20102020DifferenceChange
Craven County
104,147124,69720,55019.7
Jones County
10,15910,204450.4
Lenoir County59,49360,2707771.3
169,378212,95243,57425.7
Pitt County
9,586,22711,062,0901,475,86315.4
North Carolina
percent
20202030DifferenceChange
Craven County124,69720,55116.5
145,248
Jones County10,204-10.0
10,203
Lenoir County60,2707811.3
61,051
212,95243,57720.5
Pitt County
256,529
11,062,0901,429,74712.9
North Carolina
12,491,837
Source: North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management, State Demographics Unit(2011)
8.0JOB TRENDS / PROJECTIONS
A breakdown of top employment sectors in Lenoir County based upon the 2007 Economic
Census are manufacturing (21.3 percent), health care and social assistance (19.7 percent), and
retail trade (15.4 percent). The number employed in these sectors also makesup the three
highest annual payrolls, respectively.
According to the Eastern Carolina Workforce Development Board (ECWDB), the largest
employers in Lenoir County (in order of the number of employees) are the State of North
Carolina, Lenoir County Schools, Lenoir Memorial Hospital, Electrolux Home Products,
Gwaltney of Smithfield, Aristocraft/Decora/Schrock, Lenoir County, City of Kinston, Lenoir
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Community College, and Wal-Mart. The largest industries are public administration, education
and health services, manufacturing, and trade/transportation/utilities.
According to the North Carolina Civilian Labor Force Estimates, the unemployment rate for
Lenoir County in May 2012 was 10.2percent. This is down from unemployment numbers of
11.0percent and 11.7percent releasedin May 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The ECWDB estimates that the entire 9-county Eastern Carolina Region had 415,440 persons
employed in 2006. Projections for 2016 for the same region show employment climbing at an
average annual rate of 1.7 percent to 487,500 persons.
The region has seen recent economic investments in the community from new and expanding
businesses. According to the City of Kinston the following investments have occurred over the
last 7 years:
Smithfield Packing Company, $80 million investment, and 200 jobs
Sanderson Farms, $126 million investment, and 1,650 jobs
Spirit Aerosystems, $570 million investment, and 1,000 jobs(by 2014)
Spatial Integrated Systems, $2.75 million investment, and 37 jobs
Ferguson Enterprises, $400K investment, and 30 jobs
A.G. Machining of North Carolina, 1.65 million investment, and 29 jobs
Commerce Overseas Corporation, $4.3 million investment, and 73 jobs
West Pharmaceuticals, $18.5 million investment, and 154 jobs
Extrolux, $18 million investment, and 97 jobs
Dupont, $55 million investment, and 66 jobs
The North Carolina Division of Veterans Affairs is currently constructing a North Carolina
Veterans Home skilled nursing care facility with 100 beds, which is slated for completion in
2012. This facility will be located on a 30-acre site in western Kinston near the Caswell
DevelopmentalCenter, which provides specialized residential, programmatic, and support
services for people with disabilities.
Further development and expansion of industry is expected at the GTP in future years. The
GTP contains a roughly 300 acre industrial park that currently is home to 12 companies that
employs severalhundred people, with large expansions planned for some companies (e.g.
Spirit Aerosystems), which could pushtheir employment numbers over 1,000. In January 2012,
a new company –Commerce OverseasCorporation–announced that it will relocate to GTP
from California and will employ 72 people.
Given the recent investments by new and expanding businesses in Kinston and GTP over the
past few years, overall job growth is expected to continue to increase over the next several
years for Lenoir County and the FLUSA. The job growth projections made by ECWDB for an
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average annual employment growth of 1.7 percent for the 9-county region is an attainable goal
for Lenoir County, but may not necessarily be this high. This trend is supported by the decrease
in the unemployment rate over the last three years for Lenoir County.
9.0MUNICIPAL UTILITIES
All of theFLUSAhas water service, with the exception of the far western portion, west of the
Town of La Grange. The area in and around Kinston is served by the City of Kinston; the area
south and southwest of Kinston in Lenoir County is served by Deep Run Water Corporation; the
area north, northwest, and northeast of Kinston is served by North Lenoir Water Corporation;
the area in Jones County is served by JonesCounty; the area in Pitt County is served by Pitt
County; the area in Craven County is served by Craven County(see Figure 3). With the
exception of Craven County and Jones County, all members are a part of the Neuse Regional
Water and Sewer Authority (WASA). The Neuse River WASA is a cooperative partnership of
water and sewer providers that was formed in 2000 to develop regional solutions for meeting
future needs.
There is onewater treatment plant in the FLUSA: the New Water Treatment Plantowned by
Lenoir County and located about0.6 miles south of US 70 off Kennedy Home Road. Thewater
treatment plant is operated by the Neuse Regional Water and Sewer Authority andbegan
operation in 2008.The water plant increased the available water supply to Kinston by 3 million
gallons per dayand regionally by 15 million gallons per day. Itis designed for expansion and
has permitted capacity to withdraw 30 million gallons per day from the Neuse River. Through
the use of its existing well field and its membership in WASA, Kinston is projected toprovide
enough water service for the next 50-75 years. WASA service extends to approximately
100,000 citizens and commercial users in the area.
Sewer service is only available to the areas within and immediately outside of the municipal
areas(Kinston/GTP, La Grange, and Grifton)and all of Craven County. The other rural areas
use septic tanks. New Bern’s sewer service reaches just to the eastern edge of the FLUSAin
Cove City. Future plans to extend sewer are somewhat limited, but include small strips on US
70 (west of Kinston), US 258 (south of Kinston), NC 58 (south of Kinston), and further around
the GTP(see Figure 3).
There are fourwastewater treatment plants in the FLUSA; one in Kinston, one in La Grange,
one along Contentnea Creek,and a small facility that serves Lenoir County High School(see
Figure 3). In Kinston, the Kinston Regional Water Reclamation Facilitywas built in 2007 by
expanding upon the former Northside Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The Kinston
Regional Water Reclamation Facility is a state-of-the-art facility built west of the Neuse River,
south of NC 55and has a daily operational capacity of 11.5 million gallons.The Kinston
Regional Water Reclamation Facility also contains a 40acre site used as a spray field, where
sludge generated from the plant is “land applied” rather being discharged directly into the Neuse
River.The La Grange WWTP has a daily operational capacity of75,000 gallon andis located
along Mosely Creek. The Contentnea MetropolitanSewerage District WWTPis located in the
Town of Grifton (Pitt County) along the Contentnea Creek and has a daily operational capacity
of 2.85 million gallons.
Through WASA, the region expects to be able to provide all the water capacity needed to meet
the demands of existing residents and industry within the FLUSA, as well as accommodate
future growth and demand.
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The Neuse River Water Supply Watershed Protected Area (WS-IV PA) and Water Supply
Watershed Critical Area (WS-IV CA) are located within the southwestern portion of the FLUSA
in Lenoir County. The WS-IV PA is located along the Neuse River, which encompassesBear
Creek (south of La Grange and US 70), Squirrel Creek, and Dailey’s Creek. The WS-IV CA is
located in the area immediately surrounding the New Water Treatment Plant that is located
south of US 70 on Kennedy Home Road. Lenoir County has a local stormwater permitting
authority over this area through the Local Watershed Protection Program.
Also within Lenoir County, the City of Kinston is mandated by the state to manage stormwater
runoff to control Nitrogen levels in the Neuse River. New development activities within the City
of Kinston are required to meet nutrient reduction goals by implementing planning strategies
and best management practices per the Neuse Stormwater Rule. The City of Kinston has
implemented a stormwater permitting program for areas within its municipal jurisdiction for
compliance with the Neuse Stormwater Rule.
Craven County, the Town of Dover, and Cove City are subject to the stormwater management
requirements for development in Coastal Counties under the State Stormwater Guidelines (15A
NCAC 02H .1005).Within Craven County, including the Town of Dover and Cove City,
development activities are reviewed for compliance with the State Stormwater Program by the
NC DWQ Regional Office in Washington.
The FLUSA extends into a portion of the Town of Grifton in Pitt County. The Town of Grifton is
located in a tipped in portion of Pitt County and is therefore subject to Phase II post-construction
stormwater management requirements in 15A NCAC 02H .1000. Compliance with the State
Stormwater Program is reviewed and approved by the NC DWQ Central Office.
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10.0NOTABLE FEATURES
10.1HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
TheCommunity Characteristics Report(CCR)completed for STIP R-2553noted that there are
several active neighborhood groups and churches located within Kinston. In particular, several
African American churches and surrounding neighborhoods were active in the southeastern
portion of Kinston, which are in the vicinity of theNeuse River in eastern Kinston.
The Kinston Regional Jetport at Stallings Field is located just north of Kinston between NC 58
and US 258, and is owned by the North Carolina GTPAuthority. The Jetport has a lighted
asphalt runway 11,500 feet in lengthand 150 feet in width, making it the longest commercial
runway in North Carolina. With weight limitations of 90,000 pounds for a single-wheeled aircraft
and 135,000 pounds for double-wheeled aircraft, the runway can accommodate the world’s
largest cargo jets.
Two freight carriers have rail lines that cross through the project study area.The North Carolina
Railroad Company/Norfolk Southern Railroad has aline that runs east-westfrom New Bern to
Raleigh.CSX operates a north-south line from Greenville to northern Kinston. The GTP
Authority has plans to be served by two Class I railroad carriers with a spur(which is currently
under construction)that will connect into the Norfolk Southern Railroad to the Port of Morehead
City.
Over the years, Kinston and Lenoir County havebeen subjected tosevere floodingalong the
Neuse River, including two severe flood events in 1996 and 1999 following Hurricanes Fran and
Floyd, respectively. Following the 500-year flood event in 1999,the community in conjunction
with assistance from the federal and state government, embarked on a major relocation
programutilizing the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), which is a federalbuyout grant
program,through the Federal Emergency Management Agency, used to relocate businesses
and residences from the floodplain.This project included over 700 acres of land and 700 homes
(Kinston, 2009).This relocation plan has been and continues to be a major issue for the
community as they continue work today on its implementation.Issues with flooding still plague
the community and how the new roadway may impact flooding will be a key community issueas
the project moves forward.
In response to the severe flooding, The Conservation Fund developed a plan entitledthe
Kinston-Lenoir County Green Infrastructure Plan for the Neuse River Floodplainin 2001. The
plan was developed in partnership with the University of North Carolina's Department of City
and Regional Planning, Kinston, and Lenoir Countyandfocuses around three areas: heritage
tourism (e.g., a Civil War site and historic buildings), passive recreation (e.g., an educational
forest and nature trail), and active recreation. Hub areas were identified for appropriate activities
and linked with connectors or greenway segments to allow residents and visitors to travel
throughout the countyby foot, bicycle, canoe, or car to experience the diverse activities and
landscapes of the region. In 2002, the same group developed another plan entitled Linking
Natural and Historic Assets: Green Infrastructure As Economic Development in Lenoir County,
NC. The plan identifies opportunities for the city and county to leverage existing natural and
historic assets for an economic development strategy based on recreation and heritage tourism
(The Conservation Fund, www.greeninfrastructure.net).
Numerous historical resources are found throughout the study area, including five sites
associated with the First Battle of Kinston, the Wyse Fork Battlefield, and a number of
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architectural historic sites. Many are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Existing
US 70 runs through the Wyse Fork Battlefield historical area, which covers approximately 4,069
acres southeast of Kinston. This area includes several important historical sites associated with
the 1865 Battle of Wyse Fork, and is currently on the Study List and is in the process of being
listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
There areno state or national parks or forests in the FLUSA. The only designated parkland in
the study areaare thepark facilities operated by the Kinston/Lenoir County Parks & Recreation
Department, which includes the Neuseway Nature Park and Campground in Kinstonand the
Rotary Dog Park that are located near existing US 70.All of the park facilities operated by the
Kinston/Lenoir County Parks & Recreation Departmentin the FLUSAare eligible Section 4(f)
properties. Sixbicycle routes have been designated by NCDOTin Lenoir County, though no
roads have dedicated bicycle lanes.The Mountains to Sea Trail, a trail that runs through North
Carolina from the Great Smoky Mountains to the Outer Banks, passes through the FLUSA.
This trail is a part of the North Carolina State Trails Program.
SeveralVoluntary Agricultural Districts(VADs)arelocated in Jones County(Figure 4). Lands
under VAD protection have a conservation agreement between the landowner and the county
that prohibits non-farm use ordevelopment for a period of at least ten years.
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10.2NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Several natural and conservation areas are located within the study area. The Neuse River
traverses the FLUSAfrom west to east, running just south of downtown Kinston. The Neuse
River is classified as a Nutrient Sensitive Water and efforts have been made at the state and
local levelsto work to reduce the nutrient levels of the river. In 2002, the North CarolinaDivision
of Water Quality (NC DWQ) issued a watershed-based permit to the Neuse River Compliance
Association(NRCA).The NRCA is a non-profit organization representing municipalities and
industries located in the Neuse River Basin which work together to monitor water quality in
surface waters in the Neuse River Basin. The NRCA hasmade the improvement and
conservation of the river and its resources a priority.The entirety of the river within the FLUSAis
designated as an Anadromous Fish Spawning Area.TheNeuse River has been subject to
environmental and public health problems related to municipal and agricultural wastewater
discharge, storm runoff, and other sources of pollution.Pollution was particularly highin the
aftermath of Hurricanes FranandFloydin the late 1990s.The dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida
is present in the river, and is affected by nutrient levels in the river. This organism may be
connected to fish kills as well as adverse health effects in humans.
The North American Land Trust owns a parcel along the Neuse River just east of the FLUSA
(Figure 5).It was purchased as ‘Farmland Preservation and Buffer.’Several easements have
been purchased along Bear Creek and the Neuse River by Restoration Systems and the NC
Coastal Land Trust.Two of these contain old mooring sites.A major restoration project was
completed along Bear Creek in 2001 by Restoration Systems. The Core Restoration Area is 180
acres, which includes 80 acres of restored croplands. Another 800 acres of wetlands in the Bear
Creek Mitigation Complex are being preserved.
Several conservation areas and Significant Natural Heritage Areas (SNHAs) are present within
and just outsideofthe FLUSA.A SNHA is an area of land or water identified by the NC Natural
Heritage Program (NCNHP) as being importantfor their biodiversity. SNHAs contain one or
more high-quality or rare natural communities, rare species, and/orspecial animal habitats.The
eastern portion of the FLUSAcontains the Dover Bay Gamelands and the Dover Bay Pocosin,
whichare contained within a SNHA. The Dover Bay Preserve/Gameland is a state-listed SNHA
found in the Craven County portion of the study area.Several conservation properties and
state/federal listed species exist in the study area.
The project lies in the central portion of the Neuse River Basinwithin the Coastal Plain. The
FLUSA contains portions of four North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basins,
represented by six-digit sub-basin codes(See Figure 5). These include: 03-04-05, 03-04-07, 03-
04-08, and 03-04-11. The majority of the FLUSA is encompassed within sub-basin 03-04-05.
Twenty-seven 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUCODE)watersheds are included in the FLUSA.
Fifteen of the 27 have been designated as“Targeted Local Watersheds” by the North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP). Targeted Local Watersheds are those that have a
high need for improvement and a high potential to benefit from restoration efforts, many of
which occur in the form of mitigation by the NCDOT. Local Watershed Plans (LWP) have been
developedfor four of the Targeted Local Watersheds in the FLUSA:03020204030020,
03020202040010, 03020204050030, and 03020204050040.
There are seventy-eight streams/stream segments that fall within or partially within the FLUSA
(See Figure 5).The Neuse River is the main water source and defining feature in the FLUSA. A
small portionof the Neuse Riveris designated as WS-IV,NSW, CA from the intake to the New
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Water Treatment Plant for approximately one-half mile up-stream. However, the restof the
Neuse River within the FLUSA is designated C; NSW. The other notable waters areBear Creek
and Squirrel Creek,whicharedesignated as WS-IV;Sw, NSWfor the portions within the water
supply watershed.The rest of the creeks within the FLUSA are designated as C;Sw,NSW.
Table 3 defines these stream classifications.
Table 4:Definitions ofStream Classifications
Stream ClassificationExplanation
Class CWaters protected for uses such as secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife,
fish consumption, aquatic life including propagation, survival and
maintenance of biological integrity, and agriculture. Secondary recreation
includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with
water where such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or
incidental manner.
Sw (Swamp Waters)Supplemental classification intended to recognize those waters which have
low velocities and other natural characteristics which are different from
adjacent streams.
Critical Area (CA)A supplemental designation used to classify waters in close proximity to a
water supply intake and/or the shoreline of the reservoir in which it is
located.
Nutrient Sensitive Supplemental classification intended for waters needing additional nutrient
Waters (NSW)management due to being subject to excessive growth of microscopic or
macroscopic vegetation.
Water Supply IV (WS-Waters used as sources of water supply for drinking, culinary, or food
processing purposes where a WS-I, II or III classification is not feasible.
IV)
These waters are also protected for Class C uses. WS-IV waters are
generally in moderately to highly developed watersheds orProtected Areas.
Source: NCDENR, Division of Water Quality. 2011. http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/csu/classifications
There are four stream segments within or partially within theFLUSA that are on the Final North
Carolina Water Quality Assessment and Impaired Waters List (2010Integrated 305(b) and
303(d) Report), approved August 31, 2010.The streams and a brief description of the
impairment are listed in Table 5and shown on Figure 5.No Outstanding Resource Waters,
High Quality Waters, or Wild and Scenic Riversexist within or within one mile of the FLUSA.
Table 5: Streams listed as 303(d)
DWQ Stream StreamNameDescriptionReason for Rating
Index
Number
27-101-15Beaver CreekFrom source to Trent RiverSevere bio-classification
27-101-17Musselshell CreekFrom sourceto Trent RiverSevere bio-classification
27-72-(0.1)Bear CreekFrom sourceto a point 0.3 mile Fair bio-classification
downstream of Lenoir County SR 1002
27-90a2Core CreekFrom upstream crossing of SR 1239 to Severe bio-classification
Grape Creek
Source: NCDENR, Division of Water Quality. 2011. http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/mtu/assessment
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11.0DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS
11.1NC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION (NCEMC)
The NCEMC adopted a buffer protection rule in 1997 for the Neuse River Basin. This rule
requires a 50-foot riparian area be protected and maintained alongwaterways within the river
basin. A buffer mitigation rule allows some activities with prescribed mitigation. The buffer rules
are administered by the NCDWQ.
11.2LENOIRCOUNTY
The Lenoir County Zoning Ordinanceapplies to areasofthe FLUSAthat are in LenoirCounty
and outside municipallimits.The zoning ordinance contains three zoning districts: rural,
commercial and industrial.The zoning districtstandards apply to sites within the district and
require minimumstandardsfor the buildings, setbacks, driveways, and permitted and special
uses.The county has separate ordinances including: flooddamage and prevention ordinance,
subdivision ordinance, watershed protection ordinance,andseveral others which regulate
nuisance activities.
The Lenoir CountyFlood Damage and Protection Ordinanceis intended to minimize both public
and private losses due to flood conditions. The ordinance includes standards for development in
the floodway or floodway fringe.Major provisions of the ordinance include the following:
Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety, and property due to
water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging increases in erosion or floor
heights or velocities;
Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be
protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
Control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective
barriers which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters;
Control filling, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase erosion or
flood damage; and
Prevent or regulate the construction and flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood
waters or which may increase flood hazards to other lands.
The Lenoir County Watershed Protection Ordinanceapplies to a portion of the southwest area
of the FLUSA (Figure 5). TheWatershed ordinance establishes densityand intensity standards
for residential and nonresidential development within the WS IV-CA (critical areas) and WS IV-
PA (protected areas)of the watershed. Critical areas are limited to 2 dwelling units/acre and
have limits of 24 percent impervious surface for nonresidential development and other
residential uses.Protected Areas are limited to 3 dwelling units/acre and have limits of 36
percent impervious surface for nonresidential development and other residential development
that does not have a curb and gutter street system. All development is required to have 50-foot
vegetative buffers along all perennial streams.
Development activities that disturb greater than one acre of land (requiring a
Sedimentation/Erosion Control Plan per 15A NCAC 4) within the WS-IV PA are limited to certain
low density requirements including two dwelling units of single family detached development per
acre (or 24 percentBUA) or three dwelling units per acre (or 36percentBUA) for projects
without curb and gutter street systems. For low density development, stormwater must be
managed using vegetated conveyances. High density development is any development that
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does not meet the low density requirements up to an allowable development density of 70
percent built-upon area. High density development must control and manage runoff from the
first inch of rainfall using the appropriate stormwater best management practices (15A NCAC
02B .0216).
Within the WS-IV CA, low density development is defined as any development requiringa
Sedimentation/Erosion Control Plan and limited to no more than two dwelling units of single
family detached development per acre (or 24 percentBUA) for all other residential and non-
residential development. If development qualifies as low density development, stormwater
runoff is managed through vegetated conveyances. Otherwise all development not meeting the
low density requirement, up to an allowable density of 50percentBUA is required to use
appropriate stormwater best management practices to control runoff from the first inch of rainfall
(15A NCAC 02B .0216).
11.3CITY OF KINSTON
Kinston uses a Unified Development Ordinanceas its basis for land development. This
ordinance applies to areas within the municipal limits of Kinston, as well as within Kinston’s
extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ). The zoning section has three broad categories of land uses:
residential, commercial, and industrial. Each category has several subcategories of land uses.
The objectives of the zoning is to guide appropriate use and development of parcels in a
manner in which land uses would be compatible to neighboring parcels, topographic features,
natural habitat, and infrastructure. The City of Kinston is currently planning to update its Unified
Development Ordinance.
New development activities within the City of Kinston are required to meet nutrient reduction
goals by implementing planning strategies and best management practices per the Neuse
Stormwater Rule. Development activities cannot exceed certain nitrogen loadloading rates.
Secondly, there can be no net increase in peak flow leaving a development site as compared to
pre-development conditions for the 2-year, 24-hour storm event. Lastly, a 50-foot riparian buffer
must be maintained on all sides of intermittentand perennial streams, ponds, lakes, and
estuaries in the Neuse River Basin. The City of Kinston has implemented a stormwater
permitting program for areas within its municipal jurisdiction for compliance with the Neuse
Stormwater Rule.
11.4CRAVEN COUNTY
Craven County does not implement county-wide zoning. Separate ordinances regulate
Subdivisions, Mobile Home Parks, Flood Damage Prevention, Off-Premise Signs, and Septic
Tanks. Craven County also enacted ordinances that address encroachment issues atthe
Cherry Point Marine Corp Air Station(MCAS)and the Craven Regional Airport. Craven County
adopted a Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA)Core Land Use Planin 2009that establishes
land use policies to guide development in the CAMA major and minor permitting process.
Policies also address the need to guide development along the US 70 Corridor by enacting a
corridor zoning ordinance.
Craven County, the Town of Dover, and Cove City are subject to the stormwater management
requirements for development in Coastal Counties under the State Stormwater Guidelines (15A
NCAC 02H .1005). In these areas, (1) nonresidential development that adds more than 10,000
square feet of BUA or that requires a Sedimentation/Erosion Control Plan or a CAMA Major
Permit or (2) residential development that requires a Sedimentation/Erosion Control Plan or a
CAMA Major Permit must manage runoff according to the rule. Low density development is
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limited to a BUA of 12 percent in areas near Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) and within
one-half mile of and draining to Class SA waters. Otherwise, low density development is limited
to 24 percent BUA. Areas of low density development must manage stormwater runoff by the
use of vegetated conveyance and are prohibited from using stormwater collection systems, High
density development (defined as BUA that exceeds the low density BUA thresholds) must
control runoff generated by the one and one-half inch storm event using specific stormwater
best management practices. Development near ORWs and within one-half mile of and draining
to Class SA waters also have the option to control stormwater runoff from the pre-and post-
development conditions for the one-year, 24-hour storm using specific stormwater best
management practices. Within Craven County, including the Town of Dover and Cove City,
development activities are reviewed for compliance with the State Stormwater Program by the
NC DWQ Regional Office in Washington.
11.5PITTCOUNTY
The PittCounty Planning and Zoning Ordinanceapplyto areas of the FLUSA withinPittCounty
and outside municipallimits. This ordinanceincludes azoning map, development standards and
environmental regulations. The environmentalregulationsaresimilar to the Environmental
OrdinancesofLenoir Countywith sectionson stormwater management/watershed protection,
soil erosion and sedimentation control, and flood damage prevention.Pitt County also
implements a separate Riparian Buffer Ordinance which implements the Tar-Pamlico and
Neuse Riparian buffer requirements in Pitt County. The ordinance requires a 50-foot riparian
buffer for all streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and estuarine waters. The ordinance requires
mitigation for impacts resulting from roadway projects.
PittCounty updated and adopted their Comprehensive Land Use Planin 2002. Within this plan
are Future Land Use designations,including the Town of Grifton, its Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
(ETJ) and Rural Residential Areas designated around these municipal areas. These are
included within the northwest portion of the FLUSA.
The watershed and storm water protection rulesincluded in the above-discussed ordinanceswill
helpmoderate environmental impactsof the proposed project. Pitt County implements
watershed and stormwater ordinances for the Town of Grifton.
11.6TOWN OF GRIFTON
The Grifton Land Development Planwas adopted in 2010 andprovidesa frameworkthat
encouragescompatible newdevelopmentwith a land classification system including, residential,
commercial, recreational andindustrial uses.Grifton uses aZoning Ordinanceas its basis for
land development. The zoning section has three broad categories of land uses: residential,
business, and industrial. Each category has several subcategories of land uses. The objectives
of the zoning is to guide appropriate use and development of parcels in a manner in which land
uses would be compatible to neighboring parcels, topographic features, natural habitat, and
infrastructure.
The Town of Grifton is located in a tipped in portion of Pitt County and is therefore subject to
Phase II post-construction stormwater management requirements in 15A NCAC 02H .1000.
According to the Phase II requirements, low density development is defined as any
development that contains no more than 24 percent BUA or not more than two dwelling units
per acre. Low density projectsmust use vegetative conveyances to manage stormwater. High
density development is defined as any development greater than 24 percent BUA. High density
projects must use structural stormwater best management practices to control and treat runoff
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from the first inch of rain. In addition, all built upon area must be 30-ft landward of all perennial
and intermittent surface waters. Contentnea Creek, at the county boundary between Pitt
County and Lenoir County, is aNutrient Sensitive Water (NSW). Per the Phase II requirements,
development within the Pitt County portion of the Town of Grifton must implement BMPs that
reduce nutrient loading. Compliance with the State Stormwater Program is reviewed and
approved by the NC DWQ Central Office.
11.7JONES COUNTY
Jones County does not implement county-wide zoning.The county implements a subdivision
ordinance and building code.
12.0LAND SUITABILITY
The FLUSA includes approximately 297,448 acres of land. Of this, approximately 129,301 acres
(43.5 percent) are considered developable.
Developable land was determined to include undeveloped parcels of land (those without
building structures). Developable land does not include protected lands such as public parks,
Voluntary Agricultural Districts (VADs),NCDOT on-site mitigation properties, orlands managed
for conservation and open space. Other land that was not considered developable includes right
of ways for roads and raillines, rivers and streams, floodwaysand land protected by theNeuse
River buffer rules. Wetlands exist within the FLUSA and may be more difficult to develop;
however, these have not been delineated and were not excluded from the land considered
developable. Once identified, the amount of wetlands within the FLUSAcould lessen the
developable acres. Inaddition, underutilized parcels were identified by selecting parcels in
which the total value of improvements (i.e. buildings/structures) is less than the value of the
parcel (i.e. land) without improvements.Table 6provides a summary of the acreages available
for development and of underutilized parcels. Figure 6shows theland available for potential
development.
Table 6: Available Land
percentof
Acres
FLUSA
FLUSA297,448-
Vacant & Developable129,30143.5
Underutilized73,66224.8
*Wetlands were not excluded from Vacant and Underutilized land.
The FLUSA was also screened and evaluated for environmental sensitivity. This was completed
using NC DENR’s Biodiversity and Wildlife Habitat Assessment tool, which combines different
GIS data layers representing wildlife habitats and places with biological diversity. The index
scores land based on its relative conservation value on a scale from 1-10, with areas rated 10
having the maximum conservation value and areas rated 1 having a moderate conservation
value. Other values shown on this scale include (-1) for impervious surfaces and 0 for unrated
areas. Thisassessment helps determine areas of high conservation value. Figure 7shows the
environmental sensitivity screening that was completed for the FLUSA.
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13.0MARKET FOR DEVELOPMENT
13.1CURRENT DEVELOPMENT PRESSURES
Representatives from the City of Kinstonhave indicated that most residential growth in the study
area is in the area northwest of Kinston between US 258 and Aldridge Store Road(Kinston,
2009).The GTP and surrounding area (Poole Road, Dobbs Farm Road, US 258) includes
business and industrial land uses. This area is also currently mixed with agricultural and
residential uses. Additional industrial and business development is anticipated.Business and
industrial land uses also occur on US 70 west of Kinston, on NC 11/55 south of Kinston, and on
NC 11 north of Kinston near Graingers.
The region has seen recent economic investments in the community from new and expanding
businesses. According to the City of Kinston the following investments have occurredover the
last 7 years:
Smithfield Packing Company, $80 million investment, and 200 jobs
Sanderson Farms, $126 million investment, and 1,650 jobs
Spirit Aerosystems, $570 million investment, and 1,000 jobs
Spatial Integrated Systems, $2.75 million investment, and 37 jobs
Ferguson Enterprises, $400K investment, and 30 jobs
A.G. Machining of North Carolina, 1.65 million investment, and 29 jobs
Commerce Overseas Corporation, $4.3 million investment, and 73 jobs
West Pharmaceuticals, $18.5 million investment, and 154 jobs
Extrolux, $18 million investment, and 97 jobs
Dupont, $55 million investment, and 66 jobs
Currently, the North Carolina Division of Veterans Affairs is currently constructing a North
Carolina Veterans Home nursing care facility with 100 beds. This facility is slated for completion
in 2012.And, in January 2012, Commerce OverseasCorporationannounced that it was
relocating to GTP and expects to bring 72 jobs to the area.
13.2DEVELOPMENT MARKET ASSUMPTIONS
As previously discussed, Lenoir County is expected to see minimal population growth through
2035 (the horizon for the planning documents and projections used in the development of this
report). However, the presence of the GTP has the ability to impact this projection and push
growth upward if there is an uptick in employment and development. When the GTP was initially
developed, it was expected to result in population and development increases in the county due
to an increase in employment opportunities. Projections made in 2000 estimated that population
of Lenoir County could increase substantially, by as much as 39 percent by the year 2025.
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In the near-term,the limited growth that is expected for Lenoir County is likely to occurnear
GTP (north of Kinston) and in other areas located near transportation and utility infrastructure.
This is particularly true for businesses and industry that depend on the logistical hubs of GTP
and the nearby Port of Morehead City and the interstate highway system. The long-term outlook
for the region is positive for economic growth with state and localplans that envision an overall
improved US 70 Corridor, which will be built to freeway standards from I-40 to the coast. This
will connect the GTP in Kinston to both the Port of Morehead City and I-40 and I-95; creating
synergy for the region as a logistics hub.
14.0INDIRECT SCREENING MATRIXMETHODOLOGY
The categories listed on the Indirect Screening Matrix (Table 9)have been shown to influence
land development decisions in numerous areas statewide and nationally.The measures used to
rate the impacts from a high concern for indirect effects potential to less concern for indirect
effects potential are supported by the discussions presented in this document.Each
characteristic is assessed individually and the results of the table are looked at comprehensively
to determine the indirect effects potential of the proposed project.The scope of the project and
change in accessibility categories are given extra weight to determine if future growth in the
area is related to the project modifications.
Given the key differences between the upgrade existing alternative, the northern alternatives,
and thesouthern alternatives; a separate indirect screening matrix was created for each of
these three scenarios.
14.1UPGRADE EXISTING ALTERNATIVE
Scope of Project -The upgrade existing alternative will involve converting the existing US 70 to
a full control of access highway; which would involvean expansion of the existing right-of-way to
include service roads on both sides of the highway and the creation ofinterchanges atmultiple
intersections. Thus, this category was rated medium-high.
Change in Accessibility -The project would provide a controlled-access freeway, which will
result in travel time savings that will exceed 10 minutes. This will improve accessibility from
Kinston and GTP to the Port of Morehead City and I-95and I-40.Thereforethiscategory was
rated high.
Forecasted Population Growth -Populationforecasts for Lenoir Countyshow anannual growth
rate of 0.13percent. Thus, this category was rated low.
Forecasted Employment Growth –The Eastern Carolina Region is projected to have an
average annual employment growth rate of 1.7 percent. Within the FLUSA, GTP is expected to
bring a number of new jobs to the area. Other commercial and industrial areas have seen
expansions over the recent years.Yetgiven the current state of the economy nationwide and
within North Carolina, this category was rated medium.
Available Land -It was calculated that 120,245acres of land are available for development(40
percent)within the FLUSA;including land available along the upgrade existing corridor.
Thereforethis category was rated high.
Water and Sewer Availability –The entire FLUSAhas water service.Wastewater/sewer service
is only available within and immediately outside of Kinston/GTP, La Grange, Cove City, Dover,
and Grifton,and rural areas must use septic tanks. Thus, this category was rated medium-high.
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Market for Development –Currently, no major developments are underwaywithin the FLUSA.
Residential development is limited.Thus, this category was rated medium-low.
PublicPolicy -Standard town and county ordinances exist thatprovide development and
environmental regulations. Few special regulations exist, with the exception of the Neuse River
BufferRules (which pertain to development within the NeuseRiver watershed). Thus, this
category was rated medium.
Notable Environmental Features –The Neuse River and associatedwetland systems exist
within the FLUSAandwillbeimpactedby the project. Given that this alternative will be
upgrading the existing roadway, thiscategory was rated medium.
14.2NORTHERN ALTERNATIVES
Scope of Project -The Northern Alternatives will beabypass on new location around the
northern side of the City of Kinston with multiple interchanges, so this category was rated high.
Change in Accessibility -The project would provide a controlled-access freeway, which would
result in travel time savings that will exceed 10 minutes. This will improve accessibility from
Kinston and GTP to the Port of Morehead City and I-95 and I-40. Therefore this category was
rated high.
Forecasted Population Growth -Population forecasts for Lenoir County show an annual growth
rate of 0.13percent. Thus, this category was rated low.
Forecasted Employment Growth –The Eastern Carolina Region is projected to have an
average annual employment growth rate of 1.7 percent. Within the FLUSA, GTP is expected to
bring a number of new jobs to the area; and given the proximity of the Northern Alternatives to
GTP, this category was rated medium-high.
Available Land -It was calculated that 120,245 acres of land are available for development (40
percent); including land available along the Northern Alternatives. Therefore this category was
rated high.
Water and Sewer Availability –The entire FLUSA has water service. Wastewater/sewer service
is only available within and immediately outside of Kinston/GTP, La Grange, Cove City, Dover,
and Grifton and rural areas must use septic tanks. Thus, this category was rated medium-high.
Market for Development –Currently, no major developments areunderway. Residential
development is limited, but what has occurred, has been concentrated on the northwestern side
of Kinston and within the GTP. Thus, this category was rated medium.
Public Policy -Standard town and county ordinances exist that providedevelopment and
environmental regulations. Few special regulations exist, with the exception of the Neuse River
Buffer Rules (which pertain to development within the Neuse River watershed). Thus, this
category was rated medium.
Notable Environmental Features –The Neuse River and associated wetland systems exist
within the FLUSA and will be crossed by the project, sothis category was rated high.
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14.3SOUTHERN ALTERNATIVES
Scope of Project -The Southern Alternatives will be a bypass on new location around the
southern side of the City of Kinston with multiple interchanges, so this category was rated high.
Change in Accessibility -The project would provide a controlled-access freeway, which would
result in travel time savings that will exceed 10 minutes. This will improve accessibility from
Kinston to the Port of Morehead City and I-95 and I-40. Therefore this category was rated high.
Forecasted Population Growth -Population forecasts for Lenoir County show an annual growth
rate of 0.13percent. Thus, this category was rated low.
Forecasted Employment Growth –The Eastern Carolina Region is projected to have an
average annual employment growth rate of 1.7 percent. Within the FLUSA, GTP is expected to
bring a number of new jobs to the area. Other commercial and industrial areas have seen
expansions over the recent years. However, given that a Southern Alternative will not directly tie
into the GTP, this category was rated medium-low.
Available Land -It was calculated that 120,245 acres of land are available for development (40
percent); including land available along the Southern Alternatives. Therefore this category was
rated high.
Water and Sewer Availability –The entire FLUSA has water service. Wastewater/sewer service
is only available within and immediately outside of Kinston/GTP, La Grange, Cove City, Dover,
and Grifton and rural areas must use septic tanks. The Southern Alternatives traverse few areas
which are served by wastewater/sewer service. Thus, this category was rated medium.
Market for Development –Currently, no major developments are underway. Residential
development is limited. Thus, this category was rated medium-low.
Public Policy -Standard town and county ordinances exist that provide development and
environmental regulations. Fewspecial regulations exist, with the exception of the Neuse River
Buffer Rules (which pertain to development within the Neuse River watershed). Thus, this
category was rated medium.
Notable Environmental Features –The Neuse River and associated wetland systems exist
within the FLUSA and the Southern Alternatives willpass through a particularly wide section of
the Neuse River and the associated wetlands and flood plain systems, sothis category was
rated high.
14.4CONCLUSION
Based on the information gathered, the majority of the categories on the screening tool reflected
moderate to high concern for indirect and cumulative effects potentialfor each of the three
alternative types (Upgrade Existing, Northern Alternatives, and Southern Alternatives).The
overall result, considering scope of the project, changes in accessibility, and the amount of land
available for developmentsuggeststhat further examinationin the form of a Land Use Scenario
Assessmentis warranted.
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15.0NEXT STEPS
The indirect screening tool noted that land use and development decisions in this area could be
altered by construction of the project as currently proposed. An Indirect and Cumulative Effects
(ICE)Land Use Scenario Assessment is recommended forthis project, which will examine
probablegrowth scenarios to determine if impacts to notable features, including waterways, are
likely. The ICE Land Use Scenario Assessment will look at the changes that could occur in the
area with the proposed project (Build) and look at the changes that could occur in the area
without (No-Build) the proposed project.
16.0CUMULATIVE EFFECTS SUMMARY
The time horizon for indirect and cumulative effects is to the year 2035, which corresponds to
local planning documents. Adopted local and regional plans relevant to the project have future
planning years ranging from 2015 to 2035. The City of Kinston Comprehensive Transportation
Plan(NCDOT, 2011) has been developed for 2030. Traffic forecasts completed for the project
extend to 2035. The cumulative effects analysis includes an assessment of past, current, and
future projects that are reasonably foreseeable to determine potential cumulative effects.
16.1PAST PROJECTS
The following table provides a list and brief description of the major past projects that have
influenced growth and development in the FLUSA.
Table 10: Summary of Past Projects
Past ProjectsDescription of Action
US 70 BypassUS 70 Bypass from roughly Hillcrest Road, south of Kinston to S.
Queen Street
Global TransPark (GTP)A multi-modal industrial site that is funded by the state and aims
to attract aerospace, defense, and logistics companies to the site
in an effort to create askilled labor and industrial manufacturing
employment center.
C.F. Harvey ParkwayConstruction of a 4-lane divided facility from NC 58 to US 258 to
serve GTP.
FEMA’s HMGP Buy Out ProgramFollowing major flooding events after Hurricanes Fran and Floyd,
the community participated in the federal buyout program for
properties that were located within the Neuse River floodplain
and most prone to repeated flooding. Properties which have been
bought outmust remain open space/parkland with no permanent
structures to be built in perpetuity.
Lenoir County New Water A water treatment facility, which began operation in 2008, and
Treatment Planthas increased the available water supplyfor the regionby 15
million gallons per day.It is located off of Kennedy Farm Road,
south of US 70.
Kinston Regional Water The former Northside Water Treatment Plan was expanded in
Reclamation Facility2007 to handle 11.5 million gallons per day.The plant is located
on the east side of Kinston along the Neuse River.
Sanderson Farms Processing Constructed in 2010, south of US 70 to the west of the City of
PlantKinston.
Commercial Development along Big box retailers, general commercial strip development, and gas
stations have developed along the US 70 Bypass over the last 25
US 70
years.
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16.2CURRENT PROJECTS
The following table provides abrief description of current projects that are likely to influence
growth within the FLUSA.
Table 11: Summary of CurrentProjects
Current ProjectsDescription of Action
C.F. Harvey Parkway ExtensionExtension of the road as a controlled access facility from US 258
(STIP # R-2719A)to US 70 on new location(under construction).
GTP Rail Spur(STIP # U-2928B)A rail spur that will connect GTP to the North Carolina Railroad
line that runs east-west on the southern side of Kinston(under
construction).
Goldsboro Bypass US 70 Goldsboro Bypass, west of NC 581 in Wayne County to
east of SR 1323 (Promise Land Road) in Lenoir County –four
(STIP # R-2554)
lane divided freeway on new location(under construction).
GTPSpirit Aerosystems opened a 500,000 square foot manufacturing
facility at GTP in 2010. Employment should reach over 1,000
personsover the next few years.
NC Veterans HomeNC Division of Veterans Affairs is currently constructing a 100
bed facility in the City of Kinston.
16.3FUTURE PROJECTS
The following table provides a list and brief description of future projects that are likely to
influence growth and development within the FLUSA.
Table 12: Summary of FutureProjects
FutureProjectsDescription of Action
Carey Road Extension Carey Road Extension from SR 1572 (Rouse Road) to US 258 –
multi-lanes on new location (1.7 miles)
(STIP # U-3618)
GTP GTP has plans to further expand by adding more businesses and
expanding existing businesses to become an aerospace
manufacturing and logistics hub.
NC 11/55 Skinners Bypass NCDOT proposes to bridge this intersection and construct a
Interchangesquare loop intersection with NC 11/55 and US 70 in Kinston.
US 70 CorridorThe vision of this corridor is to transform US 70 into a freeway
from I-40 to the coast.
Port of Morehead City ExpansionThe NC Ports Authority has plans to construct two berths and
three warehouses on a 68 acre site on Radio Island. There are
also longer term plans to possibly expand further on Radio
Island, where as much as 250 acres are available for port
expansion projects.
16.4CUMULATIVE EFFECTS SUMMARY STATEMENT
This project is expected to contribute to indirect and cumulative effects of future changes within
the FLUSA. The project is expected to result in travel time savings of greater than 10 minutes
and will change property access and exposure and create new land use/transportation nodes.
Table 13provides a summary of impaired and/or protected notable environmental features that
are within the FLUSA and highlights likely foreseeable cumulative impacts from the proposed
project. The Indirect and Cumulative Effects Land Use Scenario Assessment will better discern
the magnitude of the effects.
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Direct environmental impacts by NCDOT projects are addressed by avoidance, minimization or
mitigation, consistent with programmatic agreements with the natural resource agencies during
the permitting processes. All development will be required to follow local, state and federal
guidelines and permitting requirements.
Table 13: Summary Notable Environmental Resourcesand Foreseeable Impacts
Notable DescriptionForeseeable Impacts
Environmental
Resources
FEMA’s Hazard Contains over 700 acres of land was No impacts are expected, as
MitigationGrant purchased under FEMA HMGP, which is a regulations in place will
Program (HMGP) federal buyout grant program used to continue to prohibit
relocate businesses and residences from the development or alterations to
Buyout Properties
floodplain. Restrictive covenants are in place the HMGP Properties.
which prohibits construction of any Positive resource effects,
keeps floodplains and
permanent structures or impervious surfaces.
associated wetlands intact,
helps innate functions for
stormwater treatment and
retention, and flood
prevention and mitigation.
Wyse Fork BattlefieldContains approximately 4,000 acres of land Induced development could
southeast of Kinston along US 70 and has infringe on the quality of this
been determined eligible for the National historic resource.
Register of Historic Places.
Voluntary Agriculture Several farms in Jones County are protected If the VADs are not renewed
Districts (VADs)as VADs, which have a conservation and conversion to residential
agreement between the landowner and the or other land use, thus
county that prohibits non-farm use or reducing productive farmland.
development for a period of at least ten
years.
Neuse River –Nutrient The portion of the Neuse River within the Increased water runoff from
Sensitive WaterFLUSA is classified as a NSW. The Neuse induced growth could impact
(NSW)River Compliance Association has a the water quality of the Neuse
watershed based permit from the NC DWQ River.
and represents local governmental units to
monitor water quality within the watershed.
Neuse River –The portion of the Neuse River within the New culverts built over small
Anadromous Fish FLUSA is designated as an Anadromous streams can interrupt
Spawning AreaFish Spawning Area. Designated migration patterns of
anadromous fish spawning areas have anadromous fish, which can
construction moratorium dates when lead to a decline in
construction cannot occur during spawning anadromous fish and have an
impact the number of fish in
periods.
salt water environments.
Conservation Several areas of land have been purchased Nodirectimpacts are
Easementsas conservation easements within the expected, as deed restrictions
FLUSA, which includes wetlands, and are in place that will prohibit
croplands. These lands carry deed changes in land use.
restrictions, which prohibit development However, habitats on
adjacent properties that are
activity.
unprotected could be
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Notable DescriptionForeseeable Impacts
Environmental
Resources
destroyed or impaired and
effect biological diversity on
the conservation easements.
Signficant Natural Several SNHAs exist within the FLUSA. Induced growth could create
Heritage Areas SNHAs contain one or more high-quality or development pressure to
rare natural communities, rare species, develop SNHAs for active
(SNHAs)
land uses and/or habitat
and/or special animal habitats.
fragmentation could take
place, which would limit the
integrity of the SNHA.
Targeted Local Twenty-seven 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Increased surface water
Watershedswatershed are within the FLUSA, and fifteen runoff from induced growth
have been designated as Targeted Local could further contribute to the
Watersheds by the NC Ecosystem degradation of the targeted
Enhancement Program. Targeted Local local watersheds.
Watersheds have ahigh need for
improvement and a high potential to benefit
from restoration efforts, many of which occur
in form of mitigation from the NCDOT.
303(d) StreamsFour streams/rivers within the FLUSA are Increased surface water
listed as impaired for severe or fair bio-runoff from induced growth
classification.could further contribute to the
stream bio-classification.
Surface WatersA portion of the FLUSA includes a portion of Induced development will
a WS-IV water supply watershed which has influence growth within this
portions designated both as a protected area water supply watershed, but
and a critical area. Residential and growth will be constrained by
commercial densities are regulated in these the density requirements of
areas.the watersheds.
WetlandsWetlands are located throughout the FLUSA Induced development will
and are protected under Section 404 of the eliminate small wetlands,
Clean Water Act.which will lead to a significant
aggregate loss of wetlands.
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17.0SOURCES
The Conservation Fund, “Kinston-Lenoir County Green Infrastructure Plan for the Neuse River
Floodplain.”2001. Available at:www.greeninfrastructure.net.
Craven County. “CAMA Core Land Use Plan.” August 2009.
Eastern Carolina Rural Planning Organization (ECRPO). “Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategy.” Available:
http://www.eccog.org/document.asp?document_name=rpo/ecrpo.
Accessed: August 2009.
Eastern Carolina Rural Planning Organization (ECRPO). TIP 2011-2017 Priority List. Available:
http://www.eccog.org/document.asp?document_id=174. Accessed: August 2009.
Grifton, Town of. “Land Development Plan.” 2010.
Kinston, City of. Local Planner Survey, completed by Adam Short, Kinston Planning
Department. November 2011.
Kinston, City of. Interview with Amanda Engesether, Planning Director. and Lynnette Batt, URS,
and Kory Wilmot, URS. July 28, 2009.
Kinston, City of. “Comprehensive Pedestrian Plan.” Rivers & Associates. 2008.
Kinston, City of. “Retrofitting Green: Flood Plain Preservation & Conservation Plan.” 2005.
Kinston, City of. “Stormwater Program for Nitrogen Control.” Available at:
http://www.ci.kinston.nc.us/publicservices/Kinston_StormwaterProgramforNitrogenControl.pdf
Kinston, City of. “Unified Development Ordinance.” No Date.
La Grange, Town of. “Land Use Plan.” December 2008.
Lenoir County. Interview with Wayland Humphrey, Lenoir County GIS/Planning Coordinator.
and Lynnette Batt, URS; and Kory Wilmot, URS. July 28, 2009.
Lenoir County. “Lenoir County Land Use Plan.” May 2001.
Lenoir County. “Watershed Protection Ordinance.” 2003.
Lenoir County. “Zoning Ordinance.” February 2003.
Neuse River Foundation. Available: http://www.neuseriver.org/home.html. Accessed: August
2009.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality.
“Redbook,” Surface Waters and Wetlands Standards. NC Administrative Code 15A NCAC
02B.0100, .0200 & .0300. Amended Effective May 1, 2007.
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North Carolina Department of Transportation. State Transportation Improvement Program,
2011-2020: Division 2. Available:
http://www.ncdot.org/PLANNING/development/tip/TIP/Trans/division2.html. Accessed:
September 2011.
North Carolina Department of Transportation. Kinston Comprehensive Transportation Plan,
March 2011.
North Carolina Department of Transportation. Traffic Forecast Technical Memorandum for
Kinston Bypass Alternatives Study. PB Americas, Incorporated. July 2009.
North Carolina Employment Security Commission. Available: www.ncesc.com. Accessed:
September 2011.
North Carolina State Demographics Unit. Available:
http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimat
es.shtm. Accessed: November 2011.
Pitt County. “Comprehensive Land Use Plan.” 2002.
Pitt County. “Zoning Ordinance.” April 2010.
US Census.American Fact Finder, 1990, 2000, 2010Summary File 1and 2009 ACS.
US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Community Impact
Assessment: A Quick Reference for Transportation, Washington, DC, 1996, Publication No.
FHWA-PD-036.
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