NCS000106_BMP MANAGEMENT PLAN_20100226

STORMWATER DIVISION CODING SHEET
NCS PERMITS
PERMIT NO.
NCSDbO l0U
DOC TYPE
❑ FINAL PERMIT
❑ MONITORING REPORTS
❑ APPLICATION
❑ COMPLIANCE
Y OTHER- Em P MANAC-GrOENT
DOC DATE
❑ 201 n D221 p
YYYYMMDD

KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina
NORTH C A R OL I:'1 A ICI VISION OF I I TER QUALITY
BaIP .t1.- N,1 GE.11ENT PL.- N
Project Number:
Dcsi',nccl 13v
Date:
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P 0 Box 17005 Research Triangle Park. NC 27709
919-2874262 P--X 919-36'-2259
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NOTES:
1. DRAINAGE AREA MAP, MILL LAYOUT, AND UTILITIES
PROVIDED BY KAPSTONE
2. WATER QUALITY MEASURES PRESENTED IN THE
FEBRUARY 2010 BMP MANAGEMENT PLAN ARE SHOWN
ON THIS DRAINAGE AREA EXHIBIT TO DEMONSTRATE
APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS AND GENERAL AREAS FOR THE
PROPOSE MEASURES. FINAL LOCATIONS, INSTALLATIONS,
AND NUMBERS OF INSTALLED MEASURES MAY VARY
FROM WHAT IS SHOWN ON THIS CONCEPTUAL EXHIBIT.
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PROJECT NO. KKP-10000
FUENAME: DRAINAGE AREA EMBIT
DESIGNED BY: —
DRAIPN RY: JCD
SCALE: NTS
DATE: 02-18-2010
SHEET NO.
EX-1
PRELIMINARY DRAWING — NOT RELEASED FOR CONSTRUCTION J
McADAMS

En ineenn
g g
A.division of The John R. McAdams Company, Inc.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SL
To: Ken -Pick e
NC Division of Water Quality
Archdale Building - 9" Floor
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Re: Kapstone Kraft Paper
I am sending you the following item(s):
Legs d,sucfs�
Date: February 26, 2010
** HAND DELIVER **
Job No.: KKP-10000
COPIES
DATE
NO.
DESCRIPTION
2
BMP Management Plan
2
Ka stone letters
These are transmitted as checked below:
❑
As requested
®
For approval
❑
For review and comment
Copy to:
❑ For your use
■❑
Signed:
W. Caldw
Manager
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
® Copy Letter of Transmittal Only to File
❑ Copy Entire Document to File
2905 Meridian Parkway, Durham, North Carolina 27713
PO Box 14005, RTP, North Carolina 27709

e
Research Triangle Park, NC
Post Office Box 14005
Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina 27709
290s +Aeridian Parkway
Di Vorth Carolina 27713
5646
91 a262
919-361-2269 fax
www.ecoengccom
FRIEcoEngineering
A division of The John R. McAdams Company, Inc.
Kapstone Kraft Paper
ROANOKE RAPIDS, NORTH CAROLINA'
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
BMP MANAGEMENT PLAN
KKF-10000
February 2010
James W. Caldwell, PE
Project Manager
D. Amos Clark, PE
Division Director
Design Services Focused On.Client Success

® Kapstone Paper
DWQ BMP Management Plan
Description and Background
The Kapstone Kraft Paper Corporation mill is located at 100 Gaston Road in Roanoke
Rapids, North Carolina. This site functions under NPDES Stormwater Permit
NCS000106 as required by North Carolina General Statute 143-215 .1 and the
Memorandum of Agreement between the State of North Carolina and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency dated October 15, 2007.
The mill is adjacent to the Roanoke River and generally drains to the Roanoke River
through three major sub -basins. The largest sub -basin, which includes the actual paper
mill, wood chip piles, and portions of the "yard" area drains into the mill's wastewater
treatment plant. A small north portion of the mill site drains untreated directly into the
Roanoke River. This sub -basin is known as the "Storeroom" sub -basin. The third sub -
basin drainage area consists of the mill's employee parking, main office, maintenance
shop, shipping building, trailer parking area, and the truck scales. This area drains
generally south to a series of stormwater conveyance pipes and ditches and is known as
the "Tent" sub -basin. Runoff from this system is untreated and combines with a larger
drainage area from the City of Roanoke Rapids before flowing into the Roanoke River.
This report focuses on the Tent Sub -Basin which is the representative outfall for
monitoring. This report outlines a series of Best Management Practices that are intended
to comply with the permit and with the water quality aspects of site runoff.'
The final NPDES permit issued to Kapstone dated July 24, 2009 includes a requirement
in Section E that a BMP Management Plan and Implementation be developed within 2
years of the permit being issued. This report is to serve as the BMP Management Plan
which must be submitted to the Division of Water Quality no later than February 28,
2010.
Water Quality Standards and Testing
Currently the mill takes grab samples during storm events to test for water quality
parameters. This semi-annual quantitative monitoring strategy remains the same under
the most current NPDES Permit. However, as noted in Section I if this report via email
correspondence with DWQ, the sampling location of the Tent Outfall was changed in the
summer of 2009 to a more downstream location.
The current water quality parameters tested in the quantitative motoring strategy are
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Phosphorous (P),
Lead, Ph, and Oil & Grease. As is shown in the latest September 2009 testing results, all
of these parameters are below the thresholds. required by the permit.
U

® Existing Conditions
In the Tent Sub -Basin, stormwater runoff is conveyed generally south over paved areas,
gravel areas, open areas, and grassed areas into a series of pipes and conveyance ditches
to the south of the site. This stormwater conveyance system generally does not
experience flooding and is constructed for conveyance of storm flows off of the property.
The cover conditions for the Tent Sub -Basin vary throughout the drainage area from
grass.. to concrete pavement, to gravel parking, to asphalt pavement. Some portions of
the drainage area have curb and gutter while others sheet flow from paved areas.
Based on visual observations, the main areas within the Tent Sub -Basin likely
contributing to water quality problems are the trailer parking area and the log/chip truck
entrance/exit road.
Proposed Measures
The preliminary measures presented in this report are to be implemented in conjunction
with Kapstone's current Best Management Practices which are mainly focused on spill
prevention and containment. The BMPs presented in this report have the main goal of
reducing stormwater pollutants from entering the waterways via settling, infiltration,
direct removal, and biological/vegetative uptake.
The measures presented in the BMP Management Plan Report are divided into three main
® categories: prevention, infiltration/settling, and capture. A comprehensive strategy
employing all of these techniques to reduce stormwater pollutants will be needed for the
Tent Sub -Basin area. The measures presented below are intended to work together to
help prevent pollutant runoff, allow infiltration and settling of the pollutant runoff, and
capture and remove the pollutant runoff.
The goal of this report is to recommend effective measures that will provide a direct
benefit to reducing the pollutant loads in the mill's runoff from the Tent Sub -Basin. The
measures presented below are intended to be relatively cost-effective measures, have
simple maintenance requirements, and not take up valuable areas of the mill's operations.
Large construction expenses such as a stormwater wet pond, bioretention area, or a
constructed wetland (traditional structural BMPs) are not recommended at this time.
Please note that many of the measures presented below are based on specific proprietary
commercial products from ACF Environmental. Product name brands and brochures
from ACF Environmental are presented to demonstrate the idea and concept of each
measure and are not necessarily used as a recommendation of one specific product.
Many companies specialize in stormwater management and erosion/sediment control
measures.

Prevention Measures
® The Prevention measures presented in this section are intended to help prevent pollutants
from being picked up by rain events and from entering the stormwater flows before the
flows enter the conveyance system. The goal of the Prevention measures is source
reduction of pollutants.
Ground Cover
A strategy of enhanced ground cover with the Tent Sub -Basin area could be implemented
to help reduce sediment runoff in large storm events. Any open or grassed areas within
the Tent Sub -Basin could be seeded, reseeded, provided with an excelsior matting as
required, and maintained such to limit the amount of sediment that might runoff from
these areas. A higher mowing length of the existing grassed areas or possible changing
the type of turf grass seed for the landscaping could change the runoff characteristics of
these areas.
Any gravel or impervious areas within the Tent Sub -Basin that could be converted to a
grass or landscape area would also help to reduce runoff and pollutants.
Truck Scale Area
All trucks delivering logs or wood chips to the mill pass over the scales along the
® southwest perimeter of the site. Periodically these scales are cleaned of wood, road, and
truck debris. Runoff flows directly into the open stormwater conveyance ditch system
adjacent to the scales. Measures to contain the runoff from the scale operation could
potentially reduce the loading of large debris and pollutants from entering the stormwater
system. A series of check dams and silt fence could be installed to slow, filter, and catch
the runoff and prevent the larger pollutants from entering the stormwater system.
Infiltration/Settling Measures
The Infiltration/Settling measures presented in this report are intended to promote
infiltration of the stormwater flow into the soil and slow the velocities of the stormwater
flows to allow settling of pollutants.
Forebays/Check Dams
The Tent Sub -Basin has several open conveyance ditches along the perimeters of parking
areas and roadways. The stormwater in these ditches could be slowed via a series of
check dams, forebays, and fiber filtration tubes. These measures would allow the
stormwater to be conveyed through the site, but would reduce the velocity of the flow and
allow some settling of pollutants and filtration through the stone check dams, fiber
filtration tubes, or straw wattles that could be installed in the swales.
11

® Additionally in paved areas where there is no curb and gutter, a small washed stone filter
berm or triangular silt dike could be installed to slow runoff directly from paved areas
before it enters the conveyance ditches.
Floc Logs
As a possible future measure, polyacrylamide (PAM) sediment control products such as
floc logs could be installed in select catch basins where the majority of sediment laden
runoff is entering the stormwater system. These floc logs work to stabilize and reduce
the loss of fine soil particles in runoff by chemically binding smaller particlestogether
into larger particles that settle out of the stormwater runoff easier. Floc logs combined
with check dams and forebays would enhance the settling capacity of the stormwater
conveyance system and reduce pollutants from the runoff.
Vegetation in Ditches
Currently the stormwater conveyance ditches and swales are kept vegetated to the extent
possible. However, the grass in these areas is cut very short and close to the ground. A
strategy for allowing the vegetation in these ditches and conveyance channels to grow
higher and provide more of a riparian buffer area within the conveyance channel would
reduce pollutant loading and slow runoff. A wet meadow seed mix could be used in
these areas to promote the growth of vegetation similar to a traditional riparian buffer
area.
® Capture Measures
The Capture measures are intended to directly capture and physically remove pollutants
from stormwater flows. These measure are somewhat more labor and inspection
intensive due to the potential for increased flooding if the measures are not maintained
properly, but the potential benefit of these items should be considered.
Catch Basin Inserts and Inlet Protection
The drop inlets and catch basins in the pipes portions of the stormwater conveyance
system for the Tent Sub -Basin could be fitted with measures to capture sediment and
pollutants as they enter the closed portion of the stormwater conveyance system. Catch
basin inserts such as catch basin filters installed in the catch basin structure, above-
ground inlet protectors such as a Gutterbuddy, GutterGator, GrateGators, or GutterEEL
could be used to block and catch sediment and pollutant laden runoff without
significantly compromising the flow capacity of the system.
Any catch basin inserts or inlet protection measures would need to be installed,
maintained, and protected such that vehicles would avoid driving over and damaging the
measures or installed such that the measures could withstand vehicle traffic without
damage.
LJ

® Additional Measures
Additional measures can be implemented by the mill for prevention of pollutants in the
stormwater runoff. A plan to provide manually or pneumatically controlled shut-off
valves for stormwater catch basins and piping systems located in the chemical storage
tanks is being considered by the mill.
Summary
This BMP Management Plan is intended to provide cost-effective and relatively low
maintenance practices for the Kapstone Mill with the goal to reduce stormwater pollutant
loads from the Tent Sub -Basin.
Three chapters from the NC DWQ BMP Design Manual are included in this report to
give general design and conceptual guidance for implementation of measures such as
filter strips, grassed swales, and buffer areas.
11

E
r1
U
El
1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2
DRAINAGE AREA MAP
3
PREVENTION MEASURES
4
INFILTRATION/SETTLING
MEASURES
5
CAPTURE MEASURES
6
NC DWQ BMP MANUAL
CHAPTERS

C
0
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
KKP-10000

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Date: 2/10/2010 Caption: KKP-10000
Scale: 1 inch equals 2000 feet Kapstone Paper
Copyright (C) 1998, Maptech, Inc.

Davis, Neal
From:
Pickle, Ken [[e-mail]]
0ent:
Thursday, June 11, 2009 4:36 PM
o:
Ransmeier, MARY
Cc:
[e-mail]; Davis, Neal; Bennett, Bradley; Lowther, Brian
Subject:
RE: KapStone Kraft NCS000106
Dear Ms. Ransmeier,
Thanks for being available on such short notice for our unscheduled visit. It really helps the permitters when
we can see the site conditions. Based on your note, we are in agreement as to the Storeroom Outfall and as to the
sample point for the Tent Outfall. I've re -stated below your points just to confirm our. agreement on them; please
contact us if I have missed any minor point.
I have relayed our conversation and my observations at Kapstone to your permit writer, Brian Lowther, and to
our supervisor, Bradley Bennett. Please take this note as written confirmation of certain comments I made while on
your site. Specifically, as to your current coverage under the expired individual permit, NCS000106, you are authorized
for Representative Outfall Status from this time forward. DWQ will consider the Tent Outfall representative of the
stormwater discharges from both the Tent Outfall and the Storeroom Outfall, until and unless significant changes in on -
site activities suggest that the Representative Outfall Status is no longer appropriate. Scheduled analytical samples
need only be taken for the Tent Outfall. Visual monitoring is to be continued at both outfalls. Further, we are in
agreement with the relocation of the sample point for flows from the Tent Outfall to a location further downstream
than previously located. As you note and as we discussed, the new location will be close to, but still upstream of the
junction with the large flows from off site, i.e. the city stormwater flows.
As to provisions in the pending renewed permit, we intend that the Representative Outfall Status will continue
or the Tent Outfall, and we will so note in the transmittal letter that will accompany the renewed permit.
Administratively it has been our practice to address the granting of Representative Oufall Status by separate letter
outside of the permit text, and we propose to continue that practice if you do not object. Similarly, on large and
complicated sites we typically do not direct the exact location of stormwater sampling, unless we see a need to. We are
in agreement with the current proposed location further downstream, and are agreeable for that location to be
continued under the renewed permit. Please contact us for concurrence if you subsequently judge that another location
might be more representative of the stormwater flows from your site.
Ken Pickle
DWQ Stormwater Permitting Unit
From: Ransmeier, MARY [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Thursday, June 11, 2009 1:26 PM
To: Pickle, Ken
Cc: [e-mail]; Davis, Neal
Subject: KapStone Kraft NCS000106
June 11, 2009
Re: NCS000106
�r Mr. Pickle,
Thank you for taking the time to come by the mill at Roanoke Rapids, June 9, 2009 with Matt Fleahman to
review our permitted stormwater discharges. Neal Davis and I appreciate the opportunity to discuss these sampling
and operational challenges with you. Your experience was most helpful.

It is our understanding, that based on your visit, we are in agreement that the area called "Storeroom" may be
placed under representative outfall status such that we would conduct visual observations twice annually. This portion
of the mill does not store any process material and has minimal traffic. We request this permit modification.
With regard to the sample location at the "Tent," we request relocation of the current monitoring point. The
isuggested location is downstream from the current site to just above the City of Roanoke Rapids first inflow to the
ditch.
Sincerely,
Mary Lee Ransmeier
Mary Lee Ransmeier
KapStone Kraft paper Corpora lion
Environmental Programs Manager
252-533-6255 Work
252-303-3404PIobile
MaryLee. Ransmeier (gkapstonepaper. tom
100 Gaston Road
Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870
The information contained in this message and any attached files may be privileged and/or confidential and protected from disclosure. It you are not the intended
recipient, any disclosure, copying, distribution or use of any of the information contained in or attached to this transmission is strictly prohibited. If you have
received this transmission in error. please so notify the sender immediately without reading it. Also, please promptly destroy the original transmission and its
attachments. Any views or opinions presented in this message or attachments are those of the author and as not necessarily represent those of KapStone Paper
and Packaging Corporation or its subsidiaries.
Email correspondence to and from this sender is subject to the N.C. Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
El

® STORMWATER D1AGE OUTFALL (SDO)
MONITORING REPORT
Permit Number: NC NCS 000106 SAMPLES COLLECTED DURING CALENDER YEAR: 2009
Certificate of Coverage Number: NCG (This monitoring report shall be received by the Division no later than 30 days from the
date the facility receives the sampling results from the laboratory.)
FACILITY NAME KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER CORP., ROANOKE RAPIDS, NC. COUNTY HALIFAX
PERSON COLLECTING SAMPLE(S) Neal Davis and Chris Puryear
CERTIFIED LABORATORY (S) MERITECH, INC. ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
LABORATORY CERTIFICATION No. 165
Part A: Specific Monitorine Requirements
PHONE NO. [phone]
(SIGNATURE OF PERMITTEE OR DESIGNEE)
By this signature, I certify that this report is accurate complete to
the best of my knowledge.
Outt'all No.
Date Sample
Collected
mo/dd/ r
50050
EPA 410.4
SM 2540 D
EPA 200.7
EPA 200.7
SM 4500 H B
EPA 1 664A
Total Flow
MG
COD
TSS
Total
Phosphorus
Total Rec.
LEAD
Ph
standard
OIL & GREASE
TENT
9/22/2W9
0.138
13
31
0.064
<0.010
6.25
<5
Does this facility perform Vehicle Maintenance Activities using more then 55 gallons of new motor oil per month? _X,yes _no
(if yes, complete part B) *** ALL SUCH MAINTENANCE AREAS ARE INSIDE BUILDINGS WITH DRAINS TO MILL WASTEWATER FACILITIES
**** MOVED TENT SAMPLE LOCATION TO 100 FEET ABOVE CITY 1ST OUTFALL AS SUGGESTED DURING STATE INSPECTION 2W9
Part B: Vehicle Maintenance Artivitv Mnnifn�inn vo ..: o
Outfall No.
Date Sample
Collected
50050
00556 yv
00530
00400
Total Flow
Oil and Grease
Total
Suspended
Solids
pH
New Motor
Oil Usage
mo/dd/ r
MG
unit
al/mo
Form S W U-246-051 100
Page I of 2

North
® Beverly Eaves Perdue
Governor
A 4 Q�
MUM
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins
Mr. Mary Lee Ransmeier
KapStone Kraft Paper Corporation
100 Gaston Road
Roanoke Rapids, NC 27870
Dear Ms. Ransmeier:
Director
July 24, 2009 ')
EOffS
Subject Final NPDES Stormwater Permit
Permit NCS00o106
KapStone Kraft Paper Corporation
Halifax County
Dee Freeman
Secretary
In response to your renewal application for continued coverage under NPDES stormwater permit NCS000106,
the Division of Water Quality (Division) is forwarding herewith the subject state - NPDES permit. This permit is
issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of
Agreement between North Carolina and the U.S. Environmental Protection agency dated October 15, 2007 (or as
subsequently amended).
® This final permit includes one change from the draft permit sent to you on March 24, 2009. The final permit
includes Section E, BMP Management Plan and Implementation. The section requires the permittee to
develop and implement a BMP Management Plan within two years of the permit being issued. The
benchmarks and tiers will be delayed for two years after the BMP Management Plan has been
implemented.
rE
The qualitative monitoring strategy remains the same (semi-annual) as the previous term of the permit. Please
note that analytical monitoring is also required in this permit. Failure to complete the monitoring as required is
a violation of the permit and any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act.
Reference Part III, Section A, Item 2 "Duty to Comply", Item 9 "Penalties for Tampering " and Item 10 "Penalties
for Falsification of Reports" of your permit for further information.
if any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this permit are unacceptable to
you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt
of this letter. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150E of the North
Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, Post Office Drawer 27447,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 -7447. Unless such demand is made, this decision shall be final and binding.
Please take notice this permit is not transferable. Part III, 8.2. addresses the requirements to be followed in case
of change in ownership or control of this discharge. This permit does not affect the legal requirements to
obtain other permits which may be required by the Division of Water Quality or permits required by the
Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area ,Management Act or any other Federal or Local governmental
permit that may be required.
,7enands.im Starmwater Oranch
;61I'.tad S?rrv's Center. P,regh,'Irrth �'anaina 2i999.!617
! xation. .512 N. alishury'31, Rateigh, North Carolina 27604
Plane: 919 807.63001 FAX: 919,907FA941 Customer Sewe: I W 623-6748
!nfemet www.ncxaterquahi org
One
NofthC'au-ulilia

Ms. Mary Lee Ransmeier
KapStone Kraft Paper Corporation
Permit No. NCS000106
If you have any questions or comments concerning this permit, contact Brian Lowther at [phone] or
[e-mail].
Sincerely,
�cJ
for Coleen H. Sullins, Director
cc: Raleigh Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Mike Mitchell, EPA Region IV
Stormwater Permitting Unit
Central Files
Attachments: NPDES Stormwater Permit NCS000106
•
0

NCS000106
® STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
PERbHT
TO DISCHARGE STORMWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the.Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
KapStone Kraft Paper Corporation
is hereby authorized to discharge stormwater from a facility located at
KapStone Kraft Paper Corporation
® 100 Gaston Road
Roanoke Rapids, NC
Halifax County
to receiving waters designated as Roanoke River, a class C stream in the Roanoke River Basin,
in accordance with the discharge limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set
forth in Parts I,11, III, IV, V and VI hereof.
This permit shall become effective August 1, 2009.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on July 31, 2014.
Signed this day July 24, 2009.
/br Coleen H. Sullins Director
Division of Water Quality
By the Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

Permit No. NCS000106
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I INTRODUCTION
Section A: Individual Permit Coverage
Section B: Permitted Activities
Section C: Location Map
PART fI MONITORING, CONTROLS, AND LIMITATIONS FOR PERMITTED
DISCHARGES
Section A: Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
Section B: Analytical Monitoring Requirements
Section C: Qualitative Monitoring Requirements
Section D: On -Site Vehicle Maintenance Monitoring Requirements
Section E: BMP Management Plan and Implementation •
PART III STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES STORMWATER INDIVIDUAL
PERMITS
Section A: Compliance and Liability
1. Compliance Schedule
2. Duty to Comply
3. Duty to Mitigate
4. Civil and Criminal Liability
5. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
6. Property Rights
7. Severability
8. Duty to Provide Information
9. Penalties for Tampering
10. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
Section B: General Conditions
I. Individual Permit Fxpirttiun

Permit No. NCS000106
® 2. Transfers
3. Signatory Requirements
4. Individual Permit Modification, Revocation and Reissuance, or
Termination
5. Permit Actions
Section C: Operation and Maintenance of Pollution Controls
1. Proper Operation and Maintenance
2. Need to Halt or Reduce Not a Defense
3. Bypassing of Stormwater Control Facilities
Section D: Monitoring and Records
L Representative Sampling
2. Recording Results
3. Flow Measurements
4. Test Procedures
5. Representative Outfall
6. Records Retention
® 7. Inspection and Entry
Section E: Reporting Requirements
1. Discharge Monitoring Reports.
2. Submitting Reports
3. Availability of Reports
4. Non-Stormwater Discharges
5. Planned Changes
6. Anticipated Noncompliance
7. Bypass
8. Twenty-four Hour Reporting
9. Other Noncompliance
10. Other Information
PART fV LIMITATIONS REOPENER
PART V ADMINISTERING AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FEE
REQUIREMENTS
© P!\R"f VI DHFINfffONS

Pemflt No. NCS000106
PART I INTRODUCTION is
SECTION A: INDIVIDUAL PERMIT COVERAGE
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the
permittee is authorized to discharge stormwater associated with industrial activity. Such
discharges shall be controlled, limited and monitored as specified in this permit.
If industrial materials and activities are not exposed to precipitation or runoff as described in 40
CFR § 122.26(g), the facility may qualify for a No Exposure Exclusion from NPDES stormwater
discharge permit requirements. Any owner or operator wishing to obtain a No Exposure
Certification must submit a No Exposure Certification NOI form to the Division; must receive
approval by the Division; must maintain no exposure conditions unless authorized to discharge
under a valid NPDES stormwater permit; and must reapply for the No Exposure Exclusion once
every five (5) years.
SECTION B: PERMITTED ACTIVITIES
Until this permit expires or is modified or revoked, the permittee is authorized to discharge
stormwater to the surface waters of North Carolina or separate storm sewer system that has been
adequately treated and managed in accordance with the terms and conditions of this individual _ •
permit. All stormwater discharges shall be in accordance with the conditions of this permit.
Any other point source discharge to surface waters of the state is prohibited unless it is an
allowable non-stormwater discharge or is covered by another permit, authorization, or approval.
The stormwater discharges allowed by this individual permit shall not cause or contribute to
violations of Water Quality Standards.
This permit does not relieve the permittee from responsibility for compliance with any other
applicable federal, state, or local law, rule, standard, ordinance, order, judgment, or decree.
•
Part I page I of

-SECTION C: LOCATION NIAP
Pernik No. NCS000106
rc-1
. k ,
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KapStcne
Kraft Paper Ccrporadc)n
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NCS000106
Kap'St6me Kraft Paper Corporation
Lab iude: 360 29,19" N
LaVbide: 770 38' 14" W
GXvty: Halifa(
Recayng Stream: Romoke Pj%er
sveamdass: C
5Lb-basin: 03-02-08 (Rcarr-ke River Perin)
,eft Scale 1, 24, av
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Facility Location
Part I Page 2 of 2

Permit No. NCS000106
PARTII MONITORING, CONTROLS, AND LIMITATIONS FOR S
PERMITTED DISCHARGES
SECTION A: STOR.ti1WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN
The Permittee shall develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, herein after referred to as
the Plan. This Plan shall be considered public information in accordance with Part III,- Standard
Conditions, Section E, Paragraph 3 of this individual permit. The Plan shall include, at a
minimum, the following items:
Site Plan. The site plan shall provide a description of the physical facility and the
potential pollutant sources which may be expected to contribute to contamination of
stormwater discharges. The site plan shall contain the following:
(a) A general location map (USGS quadrangle map or appropriately drafted
equivalent map), showing the facility's location in relation to transportation
routes and surface waters, the name of the receiving water(s) to which the
stormwater outfall(s) discharges, or if the discharge is to a municipal separate
storm sewer system, the name of the municipality. and the ultimate receiving
waters, and accurate latitude and longifude,of the, point(s) of discharge. The
general location map (or alternatively the;site map) shail identify! whether each
receiving water is impaired (on the staie's 30.3(d) list of impaired waters) or is •
located in a watershed for which a TMDL has been established, and what the
parameter(s) of concern are.
North Carolina's 303(d) List can be found here
North Carolina TMDL documents can be found here:
httv://h2o.enr.state.ne.us/tmdVrML 11st litmNFinal TMDLs.
(b) A narrative description of storage practices; loading and unloading activities,
outdoor process areas, dust or particulate generating or -control processes, and
waste disposal practices. A narrative description of the potential pollutants which
could be expected to be present in the stormwater discharge from each outfall.
(c) . A site map drawn to scale (including a distance legend) showing: the site property
boundary, the stormwater discharge outfalls, all on -site and adjacent surface
waters and wetlands, industrial activity areas (including storage of materials,
disposal areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and haul roads), site
topography, all drainage features and structures, drainage areas for each outfall,
direction of flow in each drainage area, industrial activities occurring in each
drainage area, buildings, existing MAP% and impervious surfaces. The site map
must indicate the percentage of each drainage area that is impervious.
PartII Page I of 11

Permit No. NCS000106
(d) A list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants that have occurred at the facility
® during the three (3) previous years and any corrective actions taken to mitigate
spill impacts.
(e) Certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of
non-stormwater discharges. The certification statement will be signed in
accordance with the requirements found in Part III, Standard Conditions, Section
B, Paragraph 5. The permittee shall re -certify annually that the stormwater
outfalls have been evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater discharges.
Stormwater Management Plan. The stormwater management plan shall contain a
narrative description of the materials management practices employed which control or
minimize the exposure of significant materials to stormwater, including structural and
nonstructural measures. The stormwater management plan, at a minimum, shall
incorporate the following:
(a) Feasibility Study. A review of the technical and economic feasibility of changing
the methods of operations and/or storage practices to eliminate or reduce exposure
of materials and processes to stormwater. Wherever practical, the permittee shall
prevent exposure of all storage areas, material handling operations, and
manufacturing or fueling operations. In areas where elimination of exposure is
not practical, the stormwater management plan shall document the feasibility of
diverting the stormwater runoff away from areas of potential contamination.
® (b) Secondary Containment Requirements and Records. Secondary containment is
required for: bulk storage of liquid materials; storage in any amount of Section
313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
water priority chemicals; and storage in any amount of hazardous substances, in
order to prevent leaks and spills from contaminating stormwater runoff. A table
or summary of all such tanks and stored materials and their associated secondary
containment areas shall be maintained. If the secondary containment devices are
connected directly to stormwater conveyance systems, the connection shall be
controlled by manually activated valves or other similar devices (which shall be
secured closed with a locking mechanism), and any stormwater that accumulates
in the containment area shall be at a minimum visually observed for color, foam,
outfall staining, visible sheens and dry weather flow, prior to release of the
accumulated stormwater. Accumulated stormwater shall be released if found to
be uncontaminated by the material stored within the containment area. Records
documenting the individual making the observation, the description of the
accumulated stormwater, and the date and time of the release shall be kept for a
period of five years.
(c) BMP Summary. A listing of site structural and non-structural Best Management
Practices (BMP) shall be provided. The installation and implementation of BMPs
O shall be based on the assessment of the potential for sources to contribute
significant quantities of pollutants to stormwater discharges and data collected
Part 11 Page 2 of I I

Pennit No. NCS000106
through monitoring of stormwater discharges. The BMP Summary shall include a •
written record of the specific rationale for installation and implementation of the
selected site BMPs. The BMP Summary shall be reviewed and updated annually.
3. Spill Prevention and Response Plan. fhe Spill Prevention and Response Plan (SPRP)
shall incorporate an assessment of potential pollutant sources based on a materials
inventory of the facility. Facility personnel (or the team) responsible for implementing
the SPRP shall be identified in a written list incorporated into the SPRP and signed and
dated by each individual acknowledging their responsibilities for the plan. A responsible
person shall be on -site at all times during facility operations that have the potential to
contaminate stormwater runoff through spills or exposure of materials associated with the
facility operations. The SPRP must be site stormwater specific. Therefore, an oil Spill
Prevention Control and Countermeasure plan (SPCC) may be a component of the SPRP,
but may not be sufficient to completely address the stormwater aspects of the SPRP. The
common elements of the SPCC with the SPRP may be incorporated by reference into the
SPRP.
4. Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program. A preventative
maintenance and good housekeeping program shall be developed. The program shall list
all stormwater control systems, stormwater discharge outfalls, all on -site and adjacent
surface waters and wetlands, industrial activity areas (including material storage areas,
material handling areas, disposal areas, process areas, loading and unloading areas, and
haul roads), all drainage features and structures, and existing structural BMPs. The •
program shall establish schedules of inspections, maintenance, and housekeeping
activities of stormwater control systems, as well as facility equipment, facility areas, and
facility systems that present a potential for stormwater exposure or stormwater pollution.
Inspection of material handling areas and regular cleaning schedules of these areas shall
be incorporated into the program. Timely compliance with the established schedules for
inspections, maintenance, and housekeeping shall be recorded in writing and maintained
in the SPPP.
5. Employee Training. Training programs shall be developed and training provided at a
minimum on an annual basis for facility personnel with responsibilities for: spill response
and cleanup, preventative maintenance activities, and for any of the facility's operations
that have the potential to contaminate stormwater runoff. Facility personnel (or team)
responsible for implementing the training shall be identified, and their annual training
shall be documented by the signature of each employee trained.
6. Responsible Party. The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan shall identify a specific
position(s) responsible for the overall coordination, development, implementation, and
revision to the Plan. Responsibilities for all components of the Plan shall be documented
and position assignments provided.
Plan Amendment. The permittee shall amend the Plan whenever there is a change in
design, construction, operation, or maintenance which has a significant effect on the
potential for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters. All aspects of the Stormwater
Part 11 Page 3 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
Pollution Prevention Plan shall be reviewed and updated on an annual basis. The annual
® update shall include an updated list of significant spills or leaks of pollutants for the
previous three years, or the notation that no spills have occurred. The annual update shall
include re -certification that the stormwater outfalls have been evaluated for the presence
of non-stormwater discharges. Each annual update shall include a re-evaluation of the
effectiveness of the BMPs listed in the BMP Summary of the Stormwater Management
Plan.
The Director may notify the permittee when the Plan does not meet one or more of the
minimum requirements of the permit. Within 30 days of such notice, the permittee shall
submit a time schedule to the Director for modifying the Plan to meet minimum
requirements. The permittee shall provide certification in writing (in accordance with
Part 111, Standard Conditions, Section B, Paragraph 5) to the Director that the changes
have been made.
8. Facility Inspections. Inspections of the facility and all stormwater systems shall occur as
part of the Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Program at a minimum on
a semi-annual schedule, once during the first half of the year (January to June), and once
during the second half (July to December), with at least 60 days separating inspection
dates (unless performed more frequently than semi-annually). These facility inspections
are different from, and in addition to, the stormwater discharge characteristic monitoring
required in Part II B and C of this permit.
® 9. Implementation. The permittee shall implement the Plan. Implementation of the Plan
shall include documentation of all monitoring, measurements, inspections, maintenance
activities, and training provided to employees, including the log of the sampling data and
of actions taken to implement BMPs associated with the industrial activities, including
vehicle maintenance activities. Such documentation shall be kept on -site for a period of
five years and made available to the Director or the Director's authorized representative
immediately upon request.
El -
Pan 11 Page 4 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
SECTION B: ANALYTICAL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Analytical monitoring of stormwater discharges shall be performed as specified in Table I. All
analytical monitoring shall be performed during a representative storm event. "rhe required
monitoring will result in a minimum of ten analytical samplings being conducted over the term
of the permit at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO).
A representative storm event is a storm event that measures greater than 0.1 inches of rainfall
and that is preceded by at least 72 hours in which no storm event measuring greater than 0.1
inches has occurred. A single storm event may contain up to 10 consecutive hours of no
precipitation. For example, if it rains for 2 hours without producing any collectable discharge,
and then stops, a sample may be collected if a rain producing a discharge begins again within the
next 10 hours.
s AnawHanl Mnnitnrina Requirements
Discharge
Characteristics
Units
Measurement
Frequencyll
Sample
Type2
Sample
Location3
Total Suspended Solids
m
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Chemic Demand COD
m
semi-annual
Grab
SOO
Total Phosphorus TP
m L
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Lead, total recoverable
rn
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
H
standard
semi-annual
Grab
SDO
Total Rainfall
inches
semi-annual
in Gauge
-
Foomotes:
I Measurement Frequency: Twice per year during a representative storm event, for each year until either another
permit is issued for this facility or until this permit is revoked or rescinded. If at the end of this permitting cycle
the permittee has submitted the appropriate paperwork for a renewal permit before the submittal deadline, the
permittee will be considered for a renewal application. The applicant must continue semi-annual monitoring
until the renewed permit is issued. See Table 2 for schedule of monitoring periods through the end of this
permitting cycle.
2 If the stormwater runoff is controlled by a stormwater detention pond, a grab sample of the discharge from the
pond shall be collected within the first 30 minutes of discharge.
Sample Location: Samples shall be collected at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO) unless representative
outfall status has been granted.
'I For each sampled representative storm event the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site rain gauge or
local rain gauge reading must be recorded.
0
•
"rhe permittee shall complete the minimum ten analytical samplings in accordance with the •
schedule specified below in Table 2. A minimum of 60 days must separate Period I and
Part l l Page 5 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
11
11
E
Period 2 sample dates unless monthly monitoring has been instituted under a Tier Two
response.
Table 2. Mo
Number Start
Year I — Period I I
August I, 2009
n
January 31, 2010
Year 1 — Period 2 2
February 1, 2010
July 31, 2010
Year 2 — Period I 3
August 1, 2010
January 31, 2011
Yeaz 2 — Period 2 4
February 1, 2011
July 31, 2011
Year 3 — Period 1 5
August 1, 2011
January 3l, 2012
Year 3 — Period 2 6
February 1, 2012
July 31, 2012
Year 4 — Period 1 7
August 1, 2012
January 31, 2013
Year 4 — Period 2 S
February-1, 2013
July 31, 2013
Year 5 — Period 1 9
August 1, 2013
January 31, 2014
Year 5 — Period 2 10
February 1, 2014
July 31, 2014
Footnotes,
I Maintain semi-annual monitoring during permit renewal process. The applicant must
continue semi-annual
monitoring until the renewed permit is issued.
2 If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee must submit a monitoring report indicating
"No Flow" within 30 days of the end of the
six-month
sampling period.
The permittee shall report the analytical results from the first sample with valid results within the
monitoring period.
Beginning Year 3 Period 1, the permittee shall compare monitoring results to the benchmark values
in Table 3. The benchmark values in Table 3 are not permit limits but should be used as guidelines
for the permittee's Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP). Exceedences of benchmark values
require the permittee to increase monitoring, increase management actions, increase record keeping,
and/or install stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) in a tiered program. See below the
descriptions of Tier One and Tier Two.
3.
Total Suspended Solids
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Total Phosphorus (TP)
Lead, total recoverable
pH
Units..
Benchmark
mg/L
100
mg/L
120
mg/L
2
mg/L
0.03
standard
6-9
Part 11 Page 6 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
Tier
If.. The first valid sampling results are above a benchmark value, or outside of the benchmark
range for any parameter at any outfall;
Then: The permittee shall:
I. Conduct a stormwater management inspection of the facility within two weeks of receiving
sampling results.
2. Identify and evaluate possible causes of the benchmark value exceedence.
3. Identify potential, and select the specific: source controls, operational controls, or physical
improvements to reduce concentrations of the parameters of concern, or to bring
concentrations to within the benchmark range.
4. Implement the selected actions within two months of the inspection.
5. Record each instance of a Tier One response in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
Include the date and value of the benchmark exceedence, the inspection date, the personnel
conducting the inspection, the selected actions, and the date the selected actions were
•
Pier
If: During the term of this permit, the first valid sampling results are above the benchmark values,
or outside of the be range, for any specific parameter at a specific discharge outfall two
in a row
Then: The permittee shall:
I . Repeat all the required actions outlined above in Tier One.
2. Immediately institute monthly monitoring for all parameters at every outfall where a
sampling result exceeded the benchmark value for two consecutive samples. Monthly
(analytical and qualitative) monitoring shall continue until three consecutive sample results
are below the benchmark values, or within the benchmark range, for all parameters at that
outfall.
3. If no discharge occurs during the sampling period, the permittee is required to submit a
monthly monitoring report indicating "No Flow."
4. Maintain a record of the Tier Two response in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
11
Part 11 Page 7 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
® During the term of this permit, if the valid sampling results required for the permit monitoring
periods exceed the benchmark value, or are outside the benchmark range, for any specific
parameter at any specific outfall on more than four occasions, the permittee shall notify the
D WQ Regional Office Supervisor in writing within 30 days of receipt of the fourth analytical
results. DWQ may, but is not limited to:
• require that the permittee increase or decrease the monitoring frequency for the remainder
of the permit;
• require the permittee to install structural stormwater controls;
• require the permittee to implement other storrnwater control measures; or
• require that the permittee implement site modifications to.qualify for the No Exposure
Exclusion.
This site discharges to impaired waters experiencing problems with mercury and has a Fish
Advisory. If Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is approved for this segment of the Roanoke
River, the permittee may be required to monitor for the pollutant(s) of concern in the future and
submit results to the Division of Water Quality. The Division will consider the monitoring
results in determining whether additional BMPs are needed to control the pollutant(s) of concern
to the maximum extent practicable.
® If additional BMPs are needed to achieve the required level of control, the permittee will be
required to (1) develop a strategy for implementing appropriate BMPs, and (2) submit a
timetable for incorporation of those BMPs into the permitted Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plan.
Part 11 Page 8 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
SECTION C: QUALITATIVE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Qualitative monitoring requires a visual inspection of each stormwater outfall regardless of
representative outfall status and shall be performed as specified in Table 4, during the analytical
monitoring event. [If analytical monitoring is not required, the permittee still must conduct semi-
annual qualitative monitoring.] Qualitative monitoring is for the purpose of evaluating the
effectiveness of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP) and assessing new sources of
stormwater pollution.
In the event an atypical condition is noted at a stormwater discharge outfall, the permittee shall
document the suspected cause of the condition and any actions taken in response to the
discovery. This documentation will be maintained with the SPPP.
T_M_ ,t. 6..atitative Mnnitnrina Reouirements
Discharge Characteristics
Frequeneyt
Monitoring
Location;
Color
semi-annual
SDO
Odor
semi-annual
SDO
Clarity
semi-annual
SDO
Floating Solids
semi-annual
SDO
Suspended Solids
semi-annual
SDO
Foam
semi-annual
SDO
Oil Sheen
semi-annual
SDO
Erosion or deposition at the
outfall
semi-annual
SDO
Other obvious indicators
of stormwater pollution
semi-annual
SDO
Footnotes:
Measurement Frequency: Twice per year during a representative storm event, for each year until either another
permit is issued for this facility or until this permit is revoked or rescinded. If at the end of this permitting cycle
the permittee has submitted the appropriate paperwork for a renewal permit before the submittal deadline, the
permittee will be considered for a renewal application. The applicant must continue semi-annual monitoring
until the renewed permit is issued. See Table 2 for schedule of monitoring periods through the end of this
permitting cycle.
2 Monitoring Location: Qualitative monitoring shall be performed at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO)
regardless of representative outfall status.
SECTION D: ON -SITE VEHICLE MAINTENANCE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
•
Facilities which have any vehicle maintenance activity occurring on -site which uses more than •
55 gallons of new motor oil per month when averaged over the calendar year shall perform
Part I I Page 9 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
analytical monitoring as specified below in Table 5. This monitoring shall be performed at all
® stormwater discharge outfalls which discharge stormwater runoff from vehicle maintenance
areas, and in accordance with the schedule presented in Table 2 (Section B). All analytical
monitoring shall be performed during a representative storm event.
Table 5. Ana tical ttonitorin 7 Re uirements for On -Site Vehicle Maintenance
Discharge Characteristics Units Measurement Sample Sample
Fire uen I T e2 Location3
H standard semi-annual Grab SDO
Oil and Grease m 1 semi-annual Grab SDO
Total Suspended Solids m 1 semi-annual Grab SDO
Total Rainfall4 inches semi -anneal D..:_
•
�J
New Motor Oil Usage galIons/month semi-annual Estimate
Footnotes•
Measurement Frequency: Twice per year during a representative storm event, for each year until either another
permit is issued for this facility or until this permit is revoked or rescinded. If at the end of this permitting cycle
the permittee has submitted the appropriate paperwork for a renewal permit before the submittal deadline, the
permittee will be considered for a renewal application. The applicant must continue semi-annual monitoring
until the renewed permit is issued. See Table 2 for schedule of monitoring periods through the end of this
permitting cycle.
2 If the stormwater runoff is controlled by a stormwater detention pond a grab sample of the discharge from the
pond shall be collected within the first 30 minutes of discharge from the pond.
3 Sample Location: Samples shall he collected at each stormwater discharge outfall (SDO) that discharges
stormwater runoff from area(s) where vehicle maintenance activities occur.
4 For each sampled representative storm event the total precipitation must be recorded. An on -site or local rain
gauge reading must be recorded.
Monitoring results shall be compared to the benchmark values in Table 6. The benchmark
values in Table 6 are not permit limits but should be used as guidelines for the permittee's
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP). Exceedences of benchmark values require the
permittee to increase monitoring, increase management actions, increase record keeping, and/or
install stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), as provided in Part 11 Section B.
Table 6. Benchmark Values for Vehicle Maintenance Ana tical Moni
Discharge Characteristics Units Benchmark
pH standard 6-9
Oil and Grease mg//L 30
Total Suspended Solids mg/L 100
Part 11 Page 10 of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
SECTION E: BMP MANAGEMENT PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The Permittee shall develop and implement a BMP Management Plan and shall include select ®
ed
BMPs in the facility's SPPP:
(a.) The plan must include, but is not limited to, evaluating and selecting BLIP options based on the
assessment of the potential for sources to contribute significant quantities of pollutants to stormwater
discharges, and based on data collected through historical monitoring of stormwater discharges. The
selected BMPs may be either structural treatment BMPs or source reduction BMPs. The BMP
n ' selected BMPs must be developed and submitted to the Division not later
than February 28, 2010.
(b.) Upon receipt of timely approval of the BMP Management Plan, the pennittee shall develop
construction plans for the selected and approved BMPs. Construction plans, including a narrative
description, a construction schedule, and supporting design calculations, must be submitted for each
BMP not later than July 31, 2010. Alternatively, construction plans and the associated
documentation named above may be submitted together with the BMP Management Plan, or after
the initial submission of the BMP Management Plan, but in any event, not later than July 31, 2010.
(c.) Upon receipt of timely approval of the construction plans and associated documentation, the
Permittee shall construct and/or implement the selected and approved BMPs. The selected BMPs
shall be installed, operating, or implemented not later than January 31, 2011. The Permittee shall
provide monthly progress reports to the Division between July 31, 2010 and January 31, 2011, or
until final installation, operation, or implementation of the selected and approved BMPs is achieved. •
Any subsequent revisions to the BMP Management Plan required in this Section E shall not
require a revision to the Stormwater Permit. Any revision of the BMP Management Plan after
the initial review and approval of DWQ shall be accomplished by mutual agreement between
DWQ and the Permittee.
is
Part 11 Page I I of I I

Permit No. NCS000106
PART III STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES STORMWATER INDIVIDUAL PERbI1TS
SECTION A: COMPLIANCE AND LIABILITY
Compliance Schedule
fhe permittee shall comply with Limitations and Controls specified for storm water discharges in
accordance with the following schedule:
Existing Facilities already operating but applying for permit coverage for the first time: The Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan shall be developed and implemented within 12 months of the effective date of the
initial permit and updated thereafter on an annual basis. Secondary containment, as specified in Part 11,
Section A, Paragraph 2(b) of this permit, shall be accomplished within 12 months of the effective date of
the initial permit issuance.
New Facilities applying for coverage for the first time and existing facilities previously permitted and applying for renewal under this permit: The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan shall be developed and
implemented prior to the beginning of discharges from the operation of the industrialactivity and be
updated thereafter on an annual basis. Secondary containment, as specified in Part 11, Section A, Paragraph
2(b) of this permit shall be accomplished prior to the beginning of discharges from the operation of the
industrial activity.
2. Duty to Comolv
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this individual permit. Any permit noncompliance
® constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit
termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification; or denial of a permit upon renewal application.
a. The permittee shall comply with standards or prohibitions established under section 307(a) of the
Clean Water Act for toxic pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish
these standards or prohibitions, even if the permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the
requirement.
b. The Clean Water Act provides that any person who violates a permit condition is subject to a civil
penalty not to exceed 525,000 per day for each violation. Any person who negligently violates any
permit condition is subject to criminal penalties of 52,500 to 25,000 per day of violation, or
imprisonment for not more than I year, or both. Any person who knowingly violates permit
conditions is subject to criminal penalties of 55,000 to 550,000 per day of violation, or
imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. Also, any person who violates a permit
condition may be assessed an administrative penalty not to exceed 510,000 per violation with the
maximum amount not to exceed S 125,000. [Ref. Section 309 of the Federal Act 33 USC 1319 and
40 CFR 122.41(a).1
C. Under state law, a daily civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars (S 10,0()0) per violation
may be assessed against any person who violates or fails to act in accordance with the terms,
conditions, or requirements of permit. [Ref.• NC General Statutes 143-215.6A).
d. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Director for violating section 301,
302, 306, 307. 308, 318 or 405 of the Act, or any permit condition or limitation implementing any
of such sections in a permit issued under section 402 of the Act. Administrative penalties for Class
® I violations are not to exceed S 10,000 per violation, with the maximum amount of any Class I
penalty assessed not to exceed $25,000. Penalties for Class 11 violations are not to exceed
Part III Page I of

Pennit No. NCS000106
S 10,000 per day for each day during which the violation continues, with the maximum amount of
any Class II penalty not to exceed S 125,000.
Duty to Mitigate
The permince shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this
individual permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the
environment.
4. Civil and Criminal Liability
Except as provided in Part III, Section C of this permit regarding bypassing of stormwater control facilities,
nothing in this individual permit shall be construed to relieve the permittee from any responsibilities,
liabilities, or penalties for noncompliance pursuant to NCGS 143-215.3, 143-215.6A, 143-215.6B, 143-
215.6C or Section 309 of the Federal Act, 33 USC 1319. Furthermore, the permittee is responsible for
consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the responsibility for effective compliance may be
temporarily suspended.
5. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
Nothing in this individual permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve
the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the permittee is or may be subject
to under NCGS 143-215.75 et seq. or Section 3 It of the Federal Act, 33 USC 1321.
6. Property Rights
The issuance of this individual permit does not convey any property rights in either real or personal •
property, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of
personal rights, nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
Severability
The provisions of this individual permit are severable, and if any provision of this individual permit, or the
application of any provision of this individual permit to any circumstances, is held invalid, the application
of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this individual permit, shall not be affected
thereby.
g. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Director, within a reasonable time, any information which the Director
may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking and reissuing, or terminating the
permit issued pursuant to this individual permit or to determine compliance with this individual permit.
The permittee shall also furnish to the Director upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this
individual permit.
9. Penalties for Tamcerin¢
the Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders
inaccurate, any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this individual permit shall,
upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not
more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of a person is for a violation committed after
a first conviction of such person under this paragraph, punishment is a fine of not more that 520,000 per
day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more than 4 years, or both.
Pan III Page 2 of 8

Permit No. NCS1100106
® 10. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation,
or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this
individual permit, including monitoring reports or reports of compliance or noncompliance shall, upon
conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more
than two years per violation, or by both.
SECTION B: GENERAL CONDITIONS
I. Individual Permit Expiration
The permittee is not authorized to discharge after the expiration date. In order to receive automatic
authorization to discharge beyond the expiration date, the permiuce shall submit forms and fees as are
required by the agency authorized to issue permits no later than I80 days priorto the expiration date. Any
permittee that has not requested renewal at least I80 days prior to expiration, or any permittee that does not
have a permit after the expiration and has not requested renewal at least I80 days prior to expiration, will
be subjected to enforcement procedures as provided in NCGS § 143-2153.6 and 33 USC 1251 et. seq.
2. Transfers
This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to and approval by the Director. The
Director may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permit to change the name and
incorporate such other requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act. The Permittee is
® required to notify the Division in writing in the event the permitted facility is sold or closed.
3. Signatory Requirements
All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Director shall be signed and certified.
a. All applications to be covered under this individual permit shall be signed as follows:
(1) In the case of a corporation: by a principal executive officer of at least the level of vice-
president, or his duly authorized representative, if such representative is responsible for
the overall operation of the facility from which the discharge described in the permit
application form originates;
(2) In the case of a partnership or limited partnership: by a general partner;
(3) In the case of sole proprietorship: by the proprietor,
(4) In the case of a municipal, state, or other public entity: by a principal executive officer,
ranking elected official, or other duly authorized employee.
b. All reports required by the individual permit and other information requested by the Director shall
be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A
person is a duly authorized representative only if.•
(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described above;
® (1) The authorization specified either an individual or a position having responsibility for the
overall operation of the regulated facility or activity. ,uch as the position it plant
Pan III Page 3 of'8

Permit No. NCS000106
manager, operator of a well or well field, superintendent, a position of equivalent
responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental
matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be either a named
individual or any individual occupying a named position.); and
(3) The written authorization is submitted to the Director.
C. Any person signing a document under paragraphs a. or b. of this section shall make the following
certification:
"I certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate,
and complete. 1 am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility, of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations."
4, Individual Permit Modification Revocation and Reissuance or Termination
The issuance of this individual permit does not prohibit the Director from reopening and modifying the
individual permit, revoking and reissuing the individual permit, or terminating the individual permit as
allowed by the laws, rules, and regulations contained in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 122
and 123; Title 15A of the North Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter 2H .0100; and North Carolina
General Statute 143-215.1 et at.
5. Permit Actions •
The permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The notification of planned
changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any individual permit condition.
SECTION C: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION CONTROLS
I Prolgr Opemdon and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and
control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve compliance with
the conditions of this individual permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate
laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This provision requires the operation of
back-up or auxiliary facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only when the operation
is necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of this individual permit.
2. Need to Halt or Reduce Not it Defense
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt
or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the condition of this individual
permit.
Bypassing of Stormwater Control Facilities
Bypass is prohibited and the Director may take enforcement action against a permittee for bypass unless:
40
a. Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property damage; and
PartI ll Page 4 of 3

Permit No. NCS000106
® b. There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass, such as the use of auxiliary control facilities,
retention of stormwater or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime or dry
weather. This condition is not satisfied ifadequate backup controls should have been installed in
the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during
normal periods of equipment downtime or preventive maintenance; and
C. the permittee submitted notices as required under, Part III, Section E of this permit.
If the Director determines that it will meet the three conditions listed above, the Director may approve an
anticipated bypass after considering its adverse effects.
SECTION D: MONITORING AND RECORDS
Representative Sampling
Samples collected and measurements taken, as required herein, shall be characteristic of the volume and
nature of the permitted discharge. Analytical sampling shall be performed during a representative stone
event. Samples shall be taken on a day and time that is characteristic of the discharge. All samples shall be
taken before the discharge joins or is diluted by any other waste stream, body of water, or substance.
Monitoring points as specified in this permit shall not be changed without notification to and approval of
the Director.
2. Recording Results
® For each measurement, sample, inspection or maintenance activity performed or collected pursuant to the
requirements of this individual permit, the permittee shall record the following information:
a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling, measurements, inspection or maintenance activity;
b. The individual(s) who performed the sampling, measurements, inspection or maintenance activity;
C. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
f. The results of such analyses.
3. Flow Measurements
Where required, appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific
practices shall be selected and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of the volume of
monitored discharges.
Test Procedures
'rest procedures for the analysis of pollutants shall conform to the EMC regulations published pursuant to
NCGS 143-215.63 et. seq, the Water and Air Quality Reporting Acts, and to regulations published pursuant
® to Section 304(g), 33 USC 1314, of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as Amended, and Regulation
10 CFR 136.
Part III Page 5 of 8

Permit No. NCS000106
To meet the intent of the monitoring required by this individual permit, all test procedures must produce
minimum detection and reporting levels and all data generated must be reported down to the minimum
detection or lower reporting level of the procedure.
5. Represent_ ati�e Ouita11
If a facility has multiple discharge locations with substantially identical stormwater discharges that are
required to be sampled, the perminee may petition the Director for representative outtall status. If it is
established that the stormwater discharges are substantially identical and the permince is granted
representative ourtall status, then sampling requirements may be performed at a reduced number of outfalls.
6, Records Retention
Visual monitoring shall be documented and records maintained at the facility along with the Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan. Copies of analytical monitoring results shall also be maintained on -site. The
permittee shall retain records of all monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance
records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, and copies of all
reports required by this individual permit for a period of at least 5 years from the date of the sample,
measurement, report or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time.
Inspection and Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor
acting as a representative of the Director), or in the case of a facility which discharges through a municipal
separate storm sewer system, an authorized representative of a municipal operator or the separate storm
sewer system receiving the discharge, upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may be •
required by law, to;
a. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or conducted,
or where records must be kept under the conditions of this individual permit;
b. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the conditions
of this individual permit;
C. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control
equipment), practices, or operations regulated or required under this individual permit; and
d. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring individual permit compliance
or as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act, any substances or parameters at any location.
SECTION E: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
rnactiArgs Monitoring Reports
Samples analyzed in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be submitted to the Division on
Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) forms provided by the Director. Submittals shall be delivered to the
Division no later than 30 days from the date the facility receives the sampling results from the laboratory.
When no discharge has occurred from the facility during the report period, the permittee is required to
submit a discharge monitoring report within 30 days of the end of the six-month sampling period, giving all •
required information and indicating "NO FLOW" as per NCAC T15A 02B .0506.
PartI II Page 6 of S

Permit No. NCS000I06
The permittee shall record the required qualitative monitoring observations on the SDO Qualitative
® Monitoring Report (QMR) form provided by the Division, and shall retain the completed forms on site.
Qualitative monitoring results should not be submitted to the Division, except upon DWQ's specific
requirement to do so.
2. Submittine Reports
Duplicate signed copies of all reports required herein, shall be submitted to the following address:
Division of Water Quality
Surface Water Protection Section
ATTENTION: Central Files
1617 Mail Service Center
3. Availability of Reports
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Except for data determined to be confidential under NCGS 143-215.3(a)(2) or Section 308 of the Federal
Act, 33 USC 1318, all reports prepared in accordance with the terms shall be available for public inspection
at the offices of the Division of Water Quality. As required by the Act, analytical data shall not be
considered confidential. Knowingly making any false statement on any such report may result in the
imposition of criminal penalties as provided for in NCGS 143-215.6B or in Section 309 of the Federal Act.
4. Non-Stormwater Discharges
If the storm event monitored in accordance with this individual permit coincides with a non-stormwater
discharge, the permittee shall separately monitor all parameters as required under the non-stormwater
discharge permit and provide this information with the stormwater discharge monitoring report.
5. Planned Changes
The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned changes at the permitted
facility which could significantly alter the nature or quantity of pollutants discharged. This notification
requirement includes pollutants which are not specifically listed in the individual permit or subject to
notification requirements under 40 CFR Part 122.42 (a).
6. Anticipated Noncompliance
The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned changes at the permitted
facility which may result in noncompliance with the individual permit requirements.
7. Bvoass
Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for a bypass, it shall submit
prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass; including an evaluation of
the anticipated quality and affect of the bypass.
b. Unanticipated bypass. The permittee .shall submit notice within 24 hours of becoming aware of an
unanticipated bypass.
8. Twenty-four Hour Reporting
is The permittee shall report to the central office or the appropriate regional office any noncompliance which
may endanger health or the environment. Any information shall be provided orally within 24 hours from
PartIII Page 7 of 8

Perot No. NCS000106
the time the permittee became aware of the circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided
within 5 days of the time the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances.
The.written submission shall contain a description of the noncompliance, and its causes; the period of
noncompliance, including exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the
anticipated time compliance is expected to continue: and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and
prevent reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
The Director may waive the written report on a case -by -case basis if the oral report has been received
within 24 hours.
9. Other Noncompliance
The permittee shall report all instances of noncompliance not reported under 24 hour reporting at the time
monitoring reports are submitted.
10. Other Information
Where the permittee becomes aware that it failed to submit any relevant facts in an'application for an
individual permit or in any report to the Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
•
Part I II Page 8 of 8

NCS000106
PART IV LIMITATIONS REOPENER
'this individual permit shall be modified or alternatively, revoked and reissued, to comply with any applicable
effluent guideline or water quality standard issued or approved tinder Sections 302(b) (2) (c), and (d), 304(b) (2) and
307(a) of the Clean Water Act, if the effluent guideline or water quality standard so issued or approved:
a. Contains different conditions or is otherwise more stringent than any effluent limitation in the individual
permit; or
b. Controls any pollutant not limited in the individual permit.
The individual permit as modified or reissued under this paragraph shall also contain any other requirements in the
Act then applicable.
PART V ADMINISTERING AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FEE
REQUIREMENTS
The permittee must pay the administering and compliance monitoring fee within 30 (thirty) days after being billed
by the Division. Failure to pay the fee in timely manner in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0105(bX4) may cause
this Division to initiate action to revoke the Individual Permit.
PART VI DEFINITIONS
® I. Act
See Clean Water Act.
2. Arithmetic Mean
The arithmetic mean of any set of values is the summation of the individual values divided by the number
of individual values.
3. Allowable Non-Stormwater Dischar
This permit regulates stormwater discharges. Non-stormwater discharges which shall be allowed in the
stormwater conveyance system are:
(a) All other discharges that are authorized by a non-stormwater NPDES permit.
(b) Uncontaminated groundwater, foundation drains, air -conditioner condensate without added
chemicals, springs, discharges of uncontaminated potable water, waterline and fire hydrant
flushings, water from footing drains, Flows from riparian habitats and wetlands.
(c) Discharges resulting from fire -fighting or fire -fighting training.
4. Best Management Practices (BMPs)
® bfeasures or practices used to reduce the amount of pollution entering surface waters. BMPs may take the
firm of process, activity, or physical structure.
Pans I V, V and VI Page I of 5

Permit No. NCS000106
%pass
A bypass is the known diversion of stormwater Gom any portion of a stormwater control facility including
the collection system, which is not a designed or established operating mode for the facility.
6. Bulk Storage of Liquid Products
Liquid raw materials, manufactured products, waste materials or by-products with a single above ground
storage container having a capacity of greater than 660 gallons or with multiple above ground storage
containers located in close proximity to each other having a total combined storage capacity of greater than
1,320 gallons.
7. Clean Water Act
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended, 33
USC 125I, et. seq.
g. Division or DWQ
The Division of Water Quality, Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
9, Director
The Director of the Division of Water Quality, the permit issuing authority.
10. EMC
The North Carolina Environmental Management Commission.
I I. Grab Sample
An individual sample collected instantaneously. Grab samples that will be directly analyzed or
qualitatively monitored must be taken within the first 30 minutes of discharge.
12. Hazardous Substance
Any substance designated under 40 CFR Part 116 pursuant to Section 311 of the Clean Water Act.
13. Landfill
A disposal facility or part of a disposal facility where waste is placed in or on land and which is not a land
treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an injection well, a hazardous waste long-term storage facility or
a surface storage facility.
14. Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
A stormwater collection _system within an incorporated area of local self-government such as a city or town.
•
15. No Exposure
A condition of no exposure means that all industrial materials and activities are protected by a storm •
resistant shelter or acceptable storage containers to prevent exposure to rain, snow, snowmelt, or runolf.
Industrial materials or activities include, but are not limited to, material handling equipment or activities.
Part V I Page 2 of 5 Pages

Permit No. NCS000106
industrial machinery, raw materials, intermediate products, by-products, final products, or waste products.
® DWQ may grant a No Exposure Exclusion from NPDES Stormwater Permitting requirements only if a
facility complies with the terms and conditions described in 40 CFR § 122.26(g).
16. Overburden
Any material of any nature, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a mineral deposit, excluding
topsoil or similar naturally -occurring surface materials that are not disturbed by mining operations.
17. Permittee
The owner or operator issued a permit pursuant to this individual permit.
18. Point Source Discharge of Stormwater
Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance including, but not specifically limited to, any pipe,
ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, or discrete fissure from which stommater is or may be discharged to
waters of the state.
19. Representative Storm Event
A storm event that measures greater than 0.1 inches of rainfall and that is preceded by at least 72 hours in which no
storm event measuring greater than 0.1 inches has occurred. A single storm event may contain up to 10 consecutive
hours of no precipitation. For example, if it rains for 2 hours without producing any collectable discharge, and then
stops, a sample may be collected if rain producing a discharge begins again within the next 10 hours.
® 20, Representative Outfall Status
When it is established that the discharge ofstormwater runoff from a single outfall is representative of the
discharges at multiple outfalls, the DWQ may grant representative outfall status. Representative outfall
status allows the pernittee to perform analytical monitoring at a reduced number of outfalls.
21. Rinse Water Discharge
The discharge of rinse water from equipment cleaning areas associated with industrial activity. Rinse
waters from vehicle and equipment cleaning areas are process wastewaters and do not include washwaters
utilizing any type of detergent or cleaning agent.
22. SecondarvContainment
Spill containment for the contents of the single largest tank within the containment structure plus sufficient
freeboard to allow for the 25-year, 24-hour storm event.
23. Section 313 Water Priority Chemical
A chemical or chemical category which:
a. Is listed in 40 CFR 372.65 pursuant to Section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1996, also titled the Emergency Planning and Community Right -
to -Know Act of 1986;
b. Is present at or above threshold levels at a facility subject to SARA Title III, Section 313 reporting
® requirements; and
- fhat meets dt least ome of the fbilowing criteria:
Part VI Page of Pages

Permit No. NCS000106
24.
25.
Fia
27.
28.
29.
30.
(1) Is listed in Appendix D of 40 CFR part 122 on Table II (organic priority pollutants),
Table III (certain metals, cyanides, and phenols), or Table IV (certain toxic pollutants and
hazardous substances);
(2) Is listed as a hazardous substance pursuant to section 3l 1(bx2)(A) of the C WA at 40
CFR 116.4; or
(3) Is a pollutant for which EPA has published acute or chronic water quality criteria.
Severe Property Damaee
Means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the control facilities which causes them to
become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be
expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused
by delays in production.
Sieniflcant Materials
Includes, but is not limited to: raw materials; fuels; materials such as solvents, detergents, and plastic
pellets; finished materials such as metallic products;. raw materials used in food processing or production;
hazardous substances designated under section 101(14) ofCERCLA; any chemical the facility is required
to report pursuant to section 313 of Title III of SARA; fertilizers; pesticides; and waste products such as
ashes, slag and sludge that have the potential to be released with storrnwater discharges.
Significant Spills
Includes, but is not limited to: releases of oil or hazardous substances in excess of reportable quantities •
under section 311 of the Clean Water Act (Ref: 40 CFR 110.10 and CFR 117.21) or section 102 of
CERCLA (Ref 40 CFR 302.4).
Stormwater Runoff
The flow of water which results from precipitation and which occurs immediately following rainfall or as a
result of snowmelt.
Stormwater Associated with Industrial Activity
The discharge from any point source which is used for collecting and conveying stormwater and which is
directly related to manufacturing, processing or raw material storage areas at an industrial site. Facilities
considered to be engaged in "industrial activities" include those activities defined in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14).
The term does not include discharges from facilities or activities excluded from the NPDES program.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
A comprehensive site -specific plan which details measures and practices to reduce Sormwater pollution
and is based on an evaluation of the pollution potential of the site.
Ten Year Design Storrs
the maximum 24 hour precipitation event expected to be equaled or exceeded on the average once in ten
years. Design storm information can be found in the State of North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control
Planning and Design Manual.
Part V I ['age 4 of 5 Pages

Permit No. NC'S000106
® 31. Total Flow
the flow corresponding to the time period over which the entire storm event occurs. Total flow shall be
either; (a) measured continuously, (b) calculated based on the amount of area draining to the outfall, the
amount of built -upon (impervious) area, and the total amount of rainfall, or (c) estimated by the
measurement of flow at 20 minute intervals during the rainfall event.
32. Total Maximum Daily Load jMDLI
A TMDL is a calculation of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet
water quality standards, and an allocation of that amount to the Pollutant's sources. A TMDL is a detailed
water quality assessment that provides the scientific foundation for an implementation plan. The
implementation plan outlines the steps necessary to reduce pollutant loads in a certain body of water to
restore and maintain water quality standards in all seasons. The Clean Water Act, Section 303, establishes
the water quality standards and TMDL programs.
33. Toxic Pollutant
Any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act.'
34. Upset
Means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance with
technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the
permittee. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly
® designed treatment or control facilities, inadequate treatment or control facilities, lack ofpreventive
maintenance, or careless or improper operation.
35. Vehicle Maintenance Activity
Vehicle rehabilitation, mechanical repairs, painting, fueling, lubrication, vehicle cleaning operations, or
airport deicing operations.
36. Visible Sedimentation
Solid particulate matter, both mineral and organic, that has been or is being transported by water, air,
gravity, or ice from its site of origin which can be seen with the unaided eye.
37. 25-year.24 hour storm event
The maximum 24-hour precipitation event expected to be equaled or exceeded, on the average, once in 25
years.
Part VI P,Ige 5 pt 5 Pages

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February 18, 2010
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® Image 4: Mill, Water Tanks, and Shipping Building
Page 2 of 4

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Kapstone Paper
KKP-10000
February 18,2010
Image 6: Outfall Ditch east of Scales
Page 3 of 4

11
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Kapstone Paper
KKP-10000
February 18,2010
Page 4 of 4

PREVENTION MEASURES
KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
KKP-10000

`(• s ��'y{' �ttli 1 il{ "5 +. 1,<at thl Y
Erosion Control Seed Mixture
With "Resolute White Glover" and
S

Erosion Control Seed Mixture
SLOPESHIELD is a specifically designed seed
mixture for erosion control applications where
rapid establishment and minimum maintenance of
vegetation is desired.
• Contains Resolute White Clover.
• Every Seed is coated with Aquabond.
• Five Mixes Specifically Blended For
Adaptation To Your Area
• Provides Nitrogen Fixation
• Various Applications

Resolute Clover was developed at the University of
Georgia for an aggressive intermediate white clover for
foraging.
Resolute has outstanding persistence with aggressive
stolon activity and excellent seedling vigor.
It has excellent drought tolerance as well as being
winter hardy.
Resolute White Clover produces its own nitrogen
therefore cutting down on fertilizer costs.

E
White Clover has
runners" or STOLONS
that provide a
secondary root system
and energy storage for
regrowth and traffic
tolerance!

11
• Nitrogen is fixed in clovers through a
symbiotic relationship with bacteria that
infects its roots.
• White Clover and bacteria work together in
order to convert atmospheric nitrogen into
a form that may be taken up by the plants.
• On average White Clover saves between
$40-60 /acre annually on N Fertilizer

Every seed is covered with:
• Contains a long lasting water absorbing polymer that
bonds to all available water and the releases it to the
seed as needed, allowing the seed to germinate and
grow during dry spells until moisture is received.
• Nutri-Start technology
enhances seed
to
soil contact
and contains essential
micro nutrients
to
aid in
germination and emergence.
• Aqua Bond also contains ADHERE 108 Technology .
which is a binding polymer in order to keep your seed
in place on your slope.

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COASTAL
EROSION MIX
SPRING/SUMMER
50% Hulled Bermuda
25% Browntop Millet
15% Hairy Vetch
5% Weeping
Lovegrass
5% Resolute White
Clover
FALL / WINTER
40% Unhullled Bermuda
40% Rye Grain
10% Hairy Vetch
5% Weeping Lovegrass
5% Resolute White
Clover
<, v
BLUE RIDGE
EROSION MIX
SPRING/SUMMER
50% Kentucky 31
15% Browntop Millet
15% Hulled Bermuda
10% Hairy Vetch
5% Weeping Lovegrass
5% Resolute White
Clover
FALL/ WINTER
50%
Kentucky 31
15%
Rye Grain
15%
Unhulled Bermuda
10%
Hairy Vetch
5%
Weeping Lovegrass
5%
Resolute White Clover
NOR] 1501 ffiffil N
40% Kentucky 31
15% Perennial
Ryeg rass
15% Creeping Red
Fescue
10% Kentucky
. Bluegrass
10% Annual
Ryegrass
5% Weeping
Lovegrass
5% Resolute White
Clover

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Erosion control seed miMture with _ ,.
Adopkd to your ape6hc area for euperiar durabiihy and Pe:r;elerce
Perennial seed mixture $al will lat )uraffee yur
am
Raalme white eloverfor ni,mgen GuGan and wit eta'r,'i:rion
ACT
rw
CP
NET WT. 50 Hat. (22.68 kg.)
Seed is compiled into one mix for less inventory
Bag is water resistant
Cuts down on fertilizer costs
Cuts down on tacking costs
Decreases waste due to premeasured percentages
of seed at a constant rate per acre

E
INFILTRATION/SETTLING MEASURES
KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
KKP-10000

WET MEADOW SEEDING hHK
® WET MEADOW SEED MIXTURE (CAN BE ORDERED FROM ERNST CONSERVATION
SEED COMPANY) OR ENGINEER APPROVED EQUAL. TO ENABLE THE
DITCH
AREA
TO ACHIEVE A HEALTHY
AND STABLE GROUNDCOVER, A 2— TO
3—INCH DEPTH
OF TOPSOIL SHOULD BE
PLACED PRIOR TO SEEDING. THIS AREA
SHOULD
ALSO
REMAIN UNMOWED FOLLOWING THE SEEDING OPERATION.
% — Species
10—Agrostis alba
15—Elymus virginicus
15—Panicum virgatum
5—Tripsicum dactyloldes
5—Polygonum pennsylvanicum
5—Schizachyrium scoporium
5—Juncus effusus
10—Sidens frondoso (or oristoso)
10—Coreopsis lonceolato
10—Panicum clandestinum
5—Andropogon gerordll
5—Sorgastrum nutons
RIPARIAN LMAND MIX SEED MIX
Riparian&Upland Romnicel Name
Common Name He10ht(Fr.)
Wis.
Liybt Regwremeet
%ofw1
Nix 1.2 pmriv,.ar ri;idu(um
red -tap pmc (NC ecury ) 3.5
FACW
sun
20
Rate15 lbilacre .khc«hyrium rcoyarinm
campm UtRc blue stem 3
FACU
sun
20
Cwcupsir lvnrrnfora
Ima-Imvcd wmpsaRIC ecotype) 2
UPL
sw
10
Rudh«tin hirra
64ckrycd.......(NC ccdypc) 2
FACU
sw
10
Chwmerivra/micubra
wuidgep 2
FACU
sw
5
Poni<monce,,
baked pudcgnss NDecdype) 4
FAC-
pert sbadeal
5
Chamrmuhiunr lad%ollum
dvmmu(WV emtype) 4.5.
FAC-
part,hadehbade
3
Didanrhrlinm cfaMmrimm
dlQ tongue 2
FACW
sudpan dude
3
Efymur vlrgln4w
Vu®oiawdd rye 3
FAC
smJpmt�
3
1.2 N<lenlum aumnrno(e
cmomaa soeawr.<d(VA ecotype) 5
FACW
sw
3
1.2 H</iwrhm angm. b.
swamp swllowm (NC ecotype) 5.5
FAC+
swpansbade
3
Pareheninm vrregri%alium
wild quioirm(VA ecotype) 4
WA
4wp.Ili e
3
Pauremm� laevigarui
Apps(rchien bwdbn e(SC ecotype) 3
FAC
so Pp shade
3
TridnvJlasw
pu,ple mp('Smbm', NC avt,p) 2.5
FAN
sm
3
MonaNa pu«raro
spourd b wm (SC ecotype) 3.5
FAC
suoip.,hade
2
3.4, 5 Vemonia noveharoc<«v
booweW ('Su,her', NC emrype) 6.5
FAC+
s P. abode
2
3, 4, 5, 6 Agnvru yeremam
uplerd bemgrea 3.5
FACU
mmtpan sbadc
1
Bidem arvruso
ticks d.fi wer(NC ecotype) 3.5
FACW
smlpm, sbde
1
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KPSTONE
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DITCH SEEDING MIXTURES
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DITCH DETAIL
SCALE: NTS
PROJECT No. KKP-10000
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KApST®NE
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PH.ENAYE` DITCH DETAIL
A Eivi i. of7he John R. M.W I..
sCAAE,
DITCH PLANTING DETAIL
ENGINEERS • PLANNERS • SURVEYORSENTAL
N.T.S.
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARR • CNAft1ANDATE:
OZ-1S-2010
BOFSLt061 . W J.P•hemodu .-

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CLASS A RIPRAP
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WASHED STONE 1
VARIES
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SCALE: NTS
PRGlRt! N°' KKP-10000PS�N�
STONE CHECK DAM DETAIL
®EcoEngineering
A dlwi oflbe John R. McAdams Compny, 1r
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® McADAMS

11
The Getter alternative to Type II rock checkdams!
Designed as a fast -installed and
economical alternative to cumber-
some rock checkdams, Triangular .
Silt Dike''" contains erosive soils on
roadside, industrial and commercial
construction site with effective and
positive results.
Made with lightweight and durable
materials, Triangular Silt Dike"'
weighs just 7-9 lbs. per seven foot
section and installs in minutes with
U-shaped wire staples. The protec-
tive aprons on both sides of the
dike prevent erosion and failure
of the Triangular Silt Dike"'
structure.
Application Advantages
• Ditch Check Dams
• Eflective Sediment Control
• Diversion Dikes
• Fast & Easy Installation
• Drop Inlet Protection
• Conforms to Curves
& Rough Terrain
• Continuous Barrier
• Lightweight & Durable
• Temporary Ditch Liner
• Reusable
• Stream & Pond Protection
Manufactured by Triangular Silt
Dike"' Company, Inc.
US Patent No. 5,605,416
Triangular Sill Dike"' and Me logo are hadernta s
of the 7nangular SO Dike Cornpary, In,
E

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T
A
n
angular
Silt Dike
Silt Dike Features
nikp Sprtinn
Apron
Staple
3" to 6"
Trench Staples
—� eC y
TRIANGULAR
Staples
Distributed by:
ACF Environmental Inc.
2831 Cardwell Drive
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] • FAX [phone]
www.acl-environ.com

OSION EELTM
e Erosion EELTm ' by its very nature, functions to help prevent
physical degradation of the environment by enhancing water
quality.
t Is The ErosionEELTO
ErosionEELTM is an environmentally
friendly, low impact erosion and sediment
control device.
Erosion EEL"'
Advantages
• Easy installation with no trench-
ing required
• Replaces silt fence, rock check
dams, temporary diversion berms,
and storm/inlet drain protection
• May be placed over multiple
surfaces including soil, asphalt,
concrete, and .surface rock
• DOT Approved in many states
• Durable, reusable, and easily
moved, thereby making it very
cost-effective compared to silt
fence and other BMPs
• Increased flow rates through the
filter material as compared to sill
® fence preventing localized flood-
ing during storm events
ErosionEELTh1 is reusable within a
project and can be moved to other
project sites:
Minimizes the amount of new
product manufacturing (involving
extraction of natural resources,
additional manufactured products
into the environment).
At the end of EEL cycle, rubber
material is cleaned and reused in
new EELs that are produced.
Call ACE Environmental for more
information.
A
800-448-3636

Benefits and Features .
• Three-dimensional Filter - Sediment retention roll/tube
Function: Suspended particle capture; flow control
• Woven polypropylene geotextile exterior
Nominal 9.5" diameter
qanufactured lengths = Nominal 1 Oft and 4.5ft
nternal fill Material Mixture
Washed shredded rubber (metal removed) - Supplier:
MTR AASI-lTo - specified hardwood chips (0.5" to
0.75" in size)
Environmental Compatibility
Synthetic Precipitation Leach Procedure (SPLP)
pH of 4.2 and pH 7.0 (modified SPLP)
Testing for metals, volatiles, suffactants, base/neutral
extractables, acid extractables
Rubber Fill Material Results
No adverse levels of any constituents have been extracted
(relative to human exposure and aquatic toxicity)
Synthetic Fibers (nylon, PP, PET)
�adverse levels of any constituents have been extracted
tive to human exposure and aquatic toxicity)
AMIll
,rAc�D�,�
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www. acfenvironmental.com
Performance
The test results for the ErosionEELI"' at the San Diego State
University Soil Erosion Research Laboratory revealed that the
EEL is very resilient under extreme rainfall intensities and slope
conditions. The protocol used was designed to fail all BMPs in
order to determine the performance limits. However, the
ErosionEEET' retained as high as 89% solids from a 33%
barren slope under rainfall conditions at or exceeding the 1000
year storm event.
�t
m
98
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1* 496
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Time of Simulation (mine'
5¢ EYi 'sa 1?a p1 i57a i5!I Es n!Fm+�a%_TA -r',�i
r;.yrany h, F611ASo:n
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Storm Water Solutions"
Distributed by:
�w
THE t STflRB
[phone]
www.thebmpstore.com

® ACF Environmental — Geosynthetic Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Fiber Filtration Tubes (FFTs)
A Fiber Filtration Tube (FFT) is an engineered composite of Thermally RefinedT" wood fibers,
man-made fibers and performance -enhancing polymers encased within cylindrical tubes
composed of a heavy-duty, knitted, high density polyethylene mesh.
water to flow freely through its matrix, providing three-dimensional filtration of soil particles and
facilitating the release of flocculants to coagulate and aggregate suspended soil particles. The
resulting combination of Flow, Flocculation and Filtration separates Fiber Filtration Tubes
Slope Interruption Device (SID) When utilized as a SID, Fiber Filtration Tubes absorb
concentrated flow and distribute it more evenly downstream of the tube.
® ACF Environmental 888-856-4505
www.acfenvironmental.com infoaacfenvironmental.com

® For more information on specific products, applications, features and benefits, design, installation
etc, please contact:
• Slope Interruption Devices ((SIDs)
• Channel//Ditch Flow Checks
• Bio—Swale/Storm Water
Treatment Systems
• Drain Inlet Protection
• Perimeter Sediment Control
Terra -Tubes are most bene .cial when
used as systematic components of
a Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan (SWPPP).They are an ideal
complement to other erosion control
tech nologies,such as:
• Hydraulically --Applied Products
• Erosion Control Blankets ((ECBs)
•Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
® - ACF Environmental 888-856-4505
www.acfenvironmental.com i nfo(a)acfenviron mental.com

•
I
a.. Y y Floc
6 S
Soil -Specific Polyacrylamide (PAO Erosion Control
Powder, Emulsion and Applicator Logs
The APS Silt Stor soil stabilization
polymers area group of soil specific
tailored polyacrylamide (PAM) co-
polymer powders and emulsions
utilized for erosion prevention and
sediment control. They reduce and
prevent erosion of fine particles and
colloidal clays from water.
APS700 Series Floc Log is a group
of soil specific tailored log -blocks
that contain blends of water treat-
ment components and polyacryla-
mide co -polymer for water clarifica-
tion and erosion control. They
reduce and prevent erosion of fine
particles and colloidal clays from
water. There are more than 60
types of Floc Logs designed for
varying soil and water conditions.
Primary Applications
• Newly cleared construction or
building sites drainage
• Road and highway construction
runoff ditches
Hydroseeding and Water Truck
Application
Ditch placement for all forms of
highly turbid waters
Ideal performance of the APS PAM
soil stabilization products result when
used in conjunction with other storm
water management best management
practices(BMPs). The implementa-
tion of a "treatment train" approach
Above: Storm water pond prior to and
after PAM application.
with BMPs such as with erosion
control blankets, drop inlets, storm
drains, retrofits and slope drains,
will greatly enhance the effective-
ness of the Siltstopl powders and
emulsion as well as the Floc Log'.
Site Specific Performance
APS product selection and dosage
application rates are determined by
soil specific testing. ContactACF
Environmental for information on
this no charge soil testing as well as
site -specific applications.
PAM creates an eledro-chemical reaction that
induces these fine soil particles to cluster
together.

Polyacrylamide (PAM)
11
E
PAM polymers interact predominantly with the clay and fine
fractions of soils.
PAM creates an electro-chemical reaction that induces these
fine soil particles to cluster together.
Clustered particles are more resistant to erosive forces and
aid in deposition.
T4, JSOR VAM V Kit 11NC Y YO{I V{fye � MM1I•�IY.M1 Y�i'
ram•
—
a
�
Applied Polymer System's (APS) line of soil specific tailored polyacrylamide co -polymer powders, emulsions and Floc Logs
that reduce initial erosion and removes fine particles from stone water run off. APS products are particularly effective in
treating troublesome colloidal clays which tend to stay in solution and cause cloudy discharges.
APS Siltstop powder can be applied dry by a number of different methods, either by itself or cut with dry sand, depending on
equipment and project considerations. APS Siltstop powder and emulsion can be hydraulically applied along with seed,
mulch and fertilizer. This proactive application will 'cluster' soil particles at the surface and prevent erosion.
Fb Logs we Fixed within
tltainlw sV.Ie W'R.t roe
While they can be used alone, APS Floc Logs generally represent the second phase of a "belt and suspender" approach to
PAM implementation. Like APS powder and emulsion, APS Floc Logs are tailored to specific soils and should not be used
prior to site specific testing. Testing is no charge and usually only takes a couple of days.

11
Polyacrylamide (PAM) con't
PAM as an Erosion Prevention BMP
Treated soil particles cluster together at the soil surface so that when
uplift forces are created the larger soil particle clusters are more
resistant erosive forces.
PAM as Water Quantity BMP
Treated soil particles cluster together at the soil surface to provide
better soil structure for ground water infiltration (and aeration).
Research indicates that total runoff volumes can be reduced by 10%
to 15%with PAM treatment and that seed germination is also
enhanced by additional water and aeration.
Treated soil particles cluster together at the soil surface so that when uplift forces are created the larger soil particles are
more resistant to erosive forces. Treated soil particles cluster together at the surface to provide better soil structure for
ground water infiltration (and aeration). Research indicates that total runoff volumes can be reduced by 10% to 15%.
Treated soil particles cluster together to aid deposition, reducing turbidity in outflow from ponds and basins.
PAM Systems Approach
PAM Floc Logs in remediation application
AmMr option is to pump treated mw r i nto a clean por4
PAM System Approach: There are a number of optional components Cute lining, erosion control blankets, particle curtains,
catcher's mitts, recirculation pumps etc. that can enhance performance.
POND CLEAR
byACF Environmental
Pond Clear is a Gypsum / PAM composite treatment. The mixture is applied wet or dry and will settle and then bind
particles on bottom of basin. Slurry is mixed and sprayed into basin. 400 to 800 lbs. per surface acre. One size fits all,
results will vary.

Directions for Use:
APS SiltStop and Floc Log products
re powerful and versatile tools to incor- _ w. orate into a best management practice
(BMP) approach for storm water manage-
ment. While general guidance forAPS
powder, emulsion and Floc Logs, --f
as well as ACF Environmental's Pond Clear product are
listed below, it is highly recommended that you contact
your local ACF territory manager to obtain a no charge
copy of the recently published "Polymer Enhanced Best
Management Practice (PEBMP) Application Guide". The
PEBMP Application Guide provides guidance on a wide
variety 'ofPAM applications and practices and will help
any stake holder design and implement the most compre-
hensive "treatment train" or systems approach possible.
APS Silt Stop"' Powder - Directions for Use:
Note: Dosage - application rates are determined by soil
specific testing. Soil polymers and blends should never
be used without testing the soil first. The above rates
are generalized guidelines only, please refer to your soil
specific test results for specific application rates. Con-
sult ACE Environmental for testing.
Dry Form:
0 APS Silt Stor Powder may be applied by hand spreader,
nechanicaldisc, orhand sowing. Slope or ditch applica-
tion may require artifical support such as straw or wood
fiber mulch to reduce down slope movement. Areas of
high water velocity will require benching or tier structuring
to reduce velocity. Sheet flow applications are best. APS
Silt StopTM Powder may be mixed with dry silica sand to
aid in spreading. Ratios of sand to powder will vary in
accordance with the type of spreading device used.
Liquid Form:
APS Silt Stop'"' Powder may be applied with
hydroseeders, water trucks or other spraying devices. All
spraying devices must have a mechanical agitator, mixing
apparatus or hydraulic recirculation. Caution - DO NOT
mix powder into a spraying device that does not contain a
mixing aparatus.
rn
�i+.' de t,
J__
® 2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www.acfenvironmental.com
APS Silt Stopm Emulsion - Directions for Use:
Note: Dosage - application rates are determined
by soil specific testing. Soil polymers and blends
should never be used without testing the soil first.
The above rates are generalized guidelines only,
please refer to your soil specific test results for spe-
cific application rates. ConsultACF Environmental
for testing.
APS600 Series Silt Stop Emulsions may be applied with
hydroseeders, water trucks or other spraying devices.
Shake well before opening as separation may have oc-
curred. Spraying devices having a mechanical agitator or
mixing apparatus or hydraulic recirculation will work best.
Mixing:
Pour emulsion into the water tank or hydroseeder filling
water stream or with a in ixing apparatus operating, and
pour emulsion into the filled tank. Allow emulsion to mix
for one -two minutes before application. Seed, fertilizer,
and mulch should be added into hydroseeder before the
emulsion has been added.
APS 700 Series Floc Log - Directions for Use:
Note: Actual GPM or dosage will vary based on site
criteria and soil/water testing.
Mixing of water and Floc Log is most important! APS
700 Series Floc Log should be placed within the upper
quarter to half of a ditch system or as close as possible to
active earth moving activities. Simply anchor a stake into
the center of the ditch system as far ttpslope as possible
and secure the Floc Log to the stake in the center of the
ditch. APS 700 Series Floc Log can easily be moved to
different locations as site conditions change. The addi-
tion of soft armor covered ditch checks below the Floc
Log will greatly improve waterclarity. Construction of
mixing weirs may be required in areas with: short ditch
lines, swelling clays, heavy particle concentrations, or
steep slopes.
Pond Clear - Directions for Use
Apply 400# to 800# of pond clear. wet or dry, per sur-
face acre and let settle for a couple of days. Results may
vary.
ACF Environmental .
"Complete Source for Storm Water Solutions"
Distributed by:
THE
tOR
[phone]
www.thebmpstore.com

11
CAPTURE MEASURES
KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
KKP-10000

GutterEEL.T� .
® The GutterEELT"', is used on any active construction
soils have been disturbed. It is used to filter runoff fi
tion sites at storm water inlets.
What Is The GutterEELTN
OThe GutterEELI is a higly effective curb
inlet sediment control filter used to
remove suspended soils, trash and
debris from stormwater runoff. Gutter
EELTm is manufactured with a high flow/
high strength outer filter sleeve encasing
100%shredded tire filter media.
The GutterEELTm is designed with a
built in overflow weir to prevent
ponding during heavy storm events. The
weight of the unit holds it firmly in place
close to the curb face and it's durability
allows the unit to be cleaned and reused
from job to job.
GutterEEL PI
Advantages
• Designed with high flow overflow
weir for extreme wet weather events
• Nigh flow/high strength outer
filter
• Filter media composed of 100%
® recycled, shredded tires
• Easy to install, use, and reuse
Weight of unit holds it securely
to curb surface
GutterEELTM is easily cleaned and
is reusable. This advanced technol-
ogy provided byACF Environmen-
tal is superior to traditional inlet
protection methods such as stone or
hay bales.
Call ACF Environmental or your
local representative for more
information.
.HNVIRONNIHNTGL'

GutterE ELTM Specification
1.0 Description
1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, maintaining
®and removing the GutterEELTM sediment control device
as directed by the engineer and as shown on the
contract drawings. The GutterEELTM sediment control
system is distributed by:
ACFEnvironmemol, Inc.
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, 1 irginia 23234
11hone.'800-448-3636 . Fax: [phone]
www. acjenvironmenral. c'om
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wgypE aEWNC 4RId on.
Cows.
MfI[r Nm . NAROORRINE
ww91 OR muL9q RwNKE
wtm WROCAN.
_
2.0 Materials
0 GutterEELTM
The GutterEELTM shall be a synthetic litter manufactured
from recycled shredded tires.
2.1.1 The GutterEELTM will be manufacturedto be 9"diameter
with overflow weir in the center of the unit and is available
in 6'and 9'.lengths.
3.0 Construction Sequence
3.1 General
3.1.1 Install the GuttcrEELTM in front ofthe curb inlet
opening. Each end of the GutterEEI TM should
overlap the curb inlet approximately 12".
3.1.2 Overflow weir should be centered on curb inlet. If more
than I unit is required, units should be placed with each
end flush against each other.
RCard—ich
well Road
831 montl, Virginia 23234
[phone] FAX [phone]
wwel. a denvi ronm ental. co m
3.1.3 The GuttcrEELTM should be cleaned ifavisual
inspection shows silt and debris build up in front of
the unit.
3.1.4 The GuttcrEELTM is reusable. Once the construction
project is complete and it is no longer needed for sediment
control, remove. clean and store out of the sunlight.
3.1.5 Ponding is possible if sediment is not removed regularly.
Inspection of GutterEELTM should be on a regular basis
and immediately after major storm events.
Fabric Properties
Mechanical Popetlea
Test Method
unit
Minimum Average
Roll value
MD
CD
Wide Wldin Tensile Stangm
ASTM D 4595
kMm ObO a)
40.27312301
39.39812251
Greb Tensile Sloncith
ASTM D 4632
kN Ims
Us, 400111
1 col 335
Gob Tensue Elongation
ASTM D 4632
a
20
IS
Topez.ad Tarr Strength
ASTM D4533
hN imsl
0.0450451
1 055011251
Mullen Burst Sn-Aunlh
ASTM D 3186
MO. 1 si
4428.5165•b
Runclum sloe 16
ASTM D 4833
kN Imsl
0558
125
Apparent Oueamg S2e(AOsI
ASTM D 4751
gam
( S Steve)
0.60
130)
Parcant Opel"so
SOE22'21
A
Pnrmils N,
ASTMp 4491
sec'
L5
permendbt
A5I61 D4491
cmeac
013
Flow Rate
ASTM ❑ 4<91
I'n11n'r^
iuermlmft°)
488i i
1115)
uv Revstance (rat 500 hours)
ASTM D 4355
e^ strength
atI
90
Physical Properties
Test Method
Unl[
Typical Val us
MassNnit Area
ASTM D 5261
1
Im' oz/ d`
271.2 (&.0
Thickness
ASTM D 5159
gam mils
0.889 (35)
Roll Dimensions I-,dth x ampIn 1
1
1
1 3.8 12.5) x 91 3001
Roll Area
m'(•tl"
348 a17
Estimated Roll Wei ht
i
I Ali Ibis
100 j221
Clean Water Hydraulic Flow Rates
Flow through tube at maximum head at the invert of the
overflow weir is 14 gpm/ft (53 liters per minute) length.
Flow through the trapezoidal weir is given as follows:
Flora Deem
Approximate Flow Thmagh
Approbmate Totai Fkrw
lilulles)
Weir Only (in gallons per
Range (in gallons per
m'uluteloraingleweiroperlitg)
minute) for single vow plus
Iloxelmugh9Rlong
Gunei-EELbag
1
10
135
2
50
1n
3
135
2®
4
250
31
5
500
lib
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Stormwater Solutions"
Distributed by:
THE STOR
i :4
[phone]
www.thebmpstore.com

C
r1
�J
C
Curb Inlet Drain Filters
88.2% Reduction in Total Suspended Solids
87.4% Reduction in Hvdrocarbons
GutterbuddyT"' Curb Inlet
and Ditch Pavement Filters
GutterbuddyT" Advantages
• Easy to transport, install and
maintain
• Keeps out sand asphalt millings
and other fine sediment
• Available in regular and super
flax,
• Washable
• Reusable
GutterbuddyT"" Curb Inlet Filters
effectively prevent sediment, debris
and other pollutants from entering
storm water systems. The filtering
action lets water freely flow through
the fiberous material while stopping
sediment and debris. Built-in over-
flows drain water even more quickly
during extreme events.
Long lasting Gutterbuddy*'"' Curb
Inlet Filters are 9" in diameter and
can be purchased in 4', 6', 8', 10',
12', 14' and 16' lengths. These inlet
filters are flexible enough to conform
to any curb radius, allowing for quick
and easy installation.
GutterbuddyTM Ditch Pavement
Filters
effectively prevent sediment, debris
and other pollutants from entering
storm water systems or other areas
that ditch pavement is used to channel
water nmoff. Their filtering action
lets water freely flow through the
fiberous material while stopping
sediment and debris. Each ditch
pavement filter comes with a stake
hole at each end and has bendable
steel in the middle of the fabric that
allows it to conform to all types of
ditch pavement.
For more information about
GutterbuddyTM Curb Inlet and
Drainage Ditch Filters, call yourACF
Environmental or Sl Geosolutions
distributor.

GutterbuddyT"" Specification
For Curb Gutter Storm Drains
®1.0 Description
1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing, placing, maintaining
and removing the GutterbuddyT" sediment control device
as directed by the engineer and as shown on the
contract drawings. The GutterbuddyT" sediment control
system distributed by:
ACFEnvironmental, Inc.
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Nrginia 23234
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] -
ww w acjenviwnmental. com
2.0 Materials
2.1GUTTERBUDDYm
El
The GutterbuddyT"' shall be synthetic filter manufactured
from recycled synthetic fibers.
2.1.1 The GutterbuddyT" will be manufactured to be 9" in
diameter and are available in 4', 6'1 87, 10', 12', 14'
and 16' lengths and a minimum of twenty-four (24)
inches longer than the curb inlet opening. This will
allow for sufficient length to cover the inlet with twelve
(12) inches beyond the inlet on both ends.
3.0 Construction Sequence
3.1 General
3.1.1 Install the ClutterbuddyTM in front of the curb inlet
opening. Each end of the GutterbuddyT"' should
overlap the curb inlet approximately 12".
THE OSTORE
[phone]
www.thebmpstore.com
3.1.2 The GutterbuddyT"' should be cleaned if a visual
inspection shows silt and debris build up around
theGutterbuddy"m.
3.1.3 To remove the Gutterbuddy"', lift out of the
opening.
3.1.4 'fhe GutterbuddyT"' is reusable. Once the construe
tion project is complete and it is no longer needed
for sediment control, remove, clean and store out of
the sunlight until needed on the next project.
3.1.5 Pending is likely if sediment is not removed
regularly. Inspection of GutterbuddyT" should be
*on a regular basis and immediately after major rain
events.
4.0 Basis of Payment
4.1 The payment for any GutterbuddyT" used during the
construction is to be included in the bid of the
overall erosion and sediment control plan and priced
by the linear foot.
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Storm Water Solutions"
Distributed by:
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www.actenvironmental.com

El
Sediment Containment
GutterGatorTA1
Curb Inlet Filter
GutterGatorT"
Advantages
• 7" Tall - allows for overflow
• Unique design - ships in 4' box
• Easy to irmupori and install
• Easy to assemble
• Keeps sediment. trash, and debris
out of .storm sewers
• Easy to clean and reuse
• Weight pocket holds unit in place
• Unique multi -dimensional outer
filter with rigid inner frame
allows high flow rates
• Low profile to curb helps prevent
damage from vehicles
• Tieback straps for additional support
• Custom sizes available
Ili
GutterGatorlm
The GutterGatorrm is the latest inlet filter
technology available from ACF
Environmental.
Designed for curb inlets, GutterGatorTM is
designed for high flow volumes while
maintaining maximum sediment retention.
With its unique multi -dimensional outer
filter combined with a rigid inner frame,
the GutterGatorrm maintains a low profile
to the curb preventing damage.
Save time and money! GutterGatorim
installs in seconds, removes in minutes
and is reusable. Stop sediment in its
tracks with GutterGator!
CaIIACF Environmental for more
information.
Alm,
F r"'
:11

GutterGator
Assembly Instructions:
Slide grid sections to desired
length.
Install stabilizer arms.
Remove Gatorweight from box.

•
GutterGator
Assembly Instructions con't:
SUPPO
Place 71b minimum weight
(Gatorweight recommended)
into each weight pocket.
Use GutterGator tiebacks if
applicable.
�
-.-
r
•N"y'h~' tilt: _ ..
Clean unit after each wet
weather event.
Replace.,Gutte.rGator. sleevesin _
asiheeded.

GutterGator Specification:
For Curb Gutter Storm Drains
®1.0 Description
1.1 This work shall consist of famishing, placing, maintaining
and removing the GutterGator sediment control device
as directed by the engineer and as shown on the contract
drawings. The GutterGator sediment control system
manufactured by:
dCFEmpimnmental, Inc.
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Ivginia 23234
Phone: [phone] . Far: 804-743-7779
www. ae/envimnmextal.coin
2.0 Materials
2.1CUTTERGATOR
2.1.1 The GutterGator will be manufactured to 3' molds in 3'. 6%
9', IT, 15' and 18' lengths and a minimum of twenty-
four (24) inches longer than the curb inlet opening. This
will allow for sufficient length to cover the inlet with
twelve (12) inches beyond the inlet on both ends.
3.0 Construction Sequence
3.1 General
�3.1.1 Install the GutterGator in front of the curb inlet open-
ing. Drop 71b weight sock into inlet opening, secure tie
back straps, if applicable. Each end of the GutterGator
should overlap the curb inlet approximately 12".
1
3.1.2 The GutterGator should be cleaned if a visual
inspection shows sediment and debris build up around
theGutterGator.
3.1.3 To remove the GutterGator, lift out of curb opening with
provided carrying handle.
3.1.4 Clean as needed. Store out of direct sunlight.
A.-Auff -
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www. ade nvi ronmen tal. co m
3.1.5 Ponding is likely if sediment is not removed
regularly. Inspection of GutterGator should be
on a regular basis and immediately after wet
weather events.
TOP VIEW
REAR VIEW
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Storm Water Solutions"
Distributed by:
THEG)STORD
[phone]
www.thebrho store. corn
?AP

I]
•
Catch Ba!
Sediment
Keeping catch basins free of silt!
Versatile
Available in 2 styles to meet your needs:
• I-lighflow
Regular flow
And It's Simple
• Remove drain grate
• Insert Siltsack,
• Replace grate to hold Siltsack in
position
• Siltsack traps silt
• Remove filled Siltsack easily
• Clean and reuse or simply discard
and replace
Are you looking for a cost-effective,
easy way to stop silt and sediment from
entering catch basins on construction
site? Siltsack is the simple and economi-
cal solution to prevent clogging of catch
basins.
Siltsack is a sediment control device used
to prevent silt and sediment from entering
your drainage system by catching the silt
and sediment while allowing water to
pass through freely. Siltsack can be used
as a primary or secondary sediment
control device to prevent failure of your
drainage system due to clogging. It must
be maintained on a regular basis to
function properly.
Siltsack is available in both high -flow or
regular flow. A modified Siltsack is also
available with a curb opening deflector
attached to prevent sediment and debris
from entering through curb openings.
Constructed with properties shown on the
Specifications page, Siltsack is a quality
product designed to save time and money.
Routine inspection of Siltsack's
collected sediment level is important to
prevent "ponding" around storm drains.
We recommend the following mainte-
Each Siltsack should be inspected
after every major rain event.
If there have been no major events.
Siltsack should be inspected every
2-3 weeks.
The yellow restraint cord should be
visible at all times. If the cord is
covered with sediment, the Siltsack
should be emptied.

Typical SiltsacV Construction
Type A
Type B

Siltsack; Specification
Control of Sediment Entering Catch Basins
® (Storm Water Management)
1.0 Description
1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing, installing, main-
taining, and removing Siltsack sediment control device
as directed by the engineer or as shown on the site
drawings. Siltsack sediment control device is
manufactured by:
ACFEnvironrnental, Inc.
2831 Cardivell Road, Richmond, J uginia 23234
Phone: [phone] . Fax: [phone]
ivo w.acjenvironmenial.com
2.0 Materials
2.1 Siltsacko
2.1.1 Siltsack shall be manufactured from a specially
designed woven polypropylene gcotextile and
sewn by a double needle machine, using a high
strength nylon thread.
2.1.2 Siltsack will be manufactured to fit the opening of the
catch basin or drop inlet. Siltsack will have the
following features: two dump straps attached at the
bottom to facilitate the emptying of Siltsack; Siltsack
shall have lifting loops as an integral part of the system
to be used to lift Siltsack from the basin; Siltsack shall
have a restraint cord approximately halfway up the sack
to keep the sides away from the catch basin walls, this
yellow cord is also a visual means of indicating when the
sack should be emptied. Once the cord is covered with
sediment, Siltsack should be emptied, cleaned and
placed back into the basin.
2.1.3 Siltsack seams shall have a certified average wide width
strength per ASTM D-4884 standards as follows:
Siltsack Style Test Method Test Method
Regular Flow ASTM D-4884 165.0 IbsAn
Hi -Flow ASTM D-4884 114.6 Ibs./m
Siltsack Regular Flow
Property Test Method Units Test Results
Grab Tensile ASTM D-4632 Ibs. 315x300
Grab Elongation ASTM D-4632 % 15xi5
Puncture ASTM D4833 Ibs. 125
Mullen Burst ASTM D-3786 P.S.I. 650
Trapezoid Tear ASTM D-4533 Ibs. 120x150
UV Resistance ASTM D4355 % 90
Apparent Opening ASTM DA751 US Sieve 40
Flow Rate ASTM D-4491 Gal/Min/Ft' 40
® Permittivity ASTM D4491 sec' 0.55
or SIUTSACKe High Flow
Property
Specification
Units
Test Results
Material
Polypropylene
Weight
5.6 ozisq yd
Color
Black
Grab Tensile Strength
390lbs (530N)
lbs.
255x275
Grab Elongation (Max °/k)
30 %
%
20x15
Traezoid Tear
120 Its (250N) Min
Ibs,
40x50
Puncture
140 Ibs (250N) Min
Ibs,
135
Mullen Burst
600 psi
P.S.I.
420
Coeffcinet of Permeability
0.04 inisec
Permittivity
0.3 gaVmin/sq It
sec -'
1.5
Water Flow Rate,
152 garmin/sq it
gaVmin/ft 2
200-
AOS
0.212mm
US Seive
40
UV Resistance Strength
90%
Fabric Width
72"
All properties are Minimum Average Roll values (MARK
3.0 Construction Sequence
3.1 General
3.1.1 To install Siltsack in the catch basin, remove the grate
and place the sack in the opening. Hold approximately
six inches of the sack outside the frame. This is
the area of the lifting straps. Replace the grate to hold
the sack in place.
3.1.2 When the restraint cord is no longer visible, Siltsack is
full and should be emptied.
3.1.3 To remove Siltsack, take two pieces of I- diameter
rebar and place through the lifting loops on each side of
the sack to facilitate the lifting of Siltsack.
3.1.4 To empty Siltsack, place unit where the contents will be
collected. Place the rebar through the lift straps
(connected to the bottom of the sack) and lift. This will
lift Siltsack from the bottom and empty the contents.
Clean out and rinse. Return Siltsack to its original shape
and place back in the basin.
3.1.5 Siltsack is reusable. Once the construction cycle is
complete, remove Siltsack from the basin and clean.
Siltsack should be stored out of sunlight until next use.
4.0 Basis of Payment
4.1 Payment for all Siltsacks used during construction is
to be included in the bid price for the overall erosion and
sediment control plan unless unit price is requested.
Maintenance of Siltsack also to be included in this
price.
'Silt sackis coveredby U.S. Patent No. 5,575,925.

Installation and Maintenance
Remove grate from catch basin.
Replace Slltsack' and grate inlet into
recess.
t�+r
z
T �iYs
Slowly remove Siltsace from inlet.
®2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www.acfenvironmentai.com
Slide SiltsacV over one side of grate.
Installed Sihsack®.
Removed Siltsack® is now ready for
cleancut
Slide SiltsacV over opposite side of grate.
To remove Siltsack°, clean area around
grate and slide rebar through Siltsack®
pockets.
To clean Siltsack° attach rebar through
empty loops at bottom and lift to empty.
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Stormwater Solutions"
Distributed by:
THE OSTCREa
[phone]
www.thebmpstore.com

AlFa Sf t "t„ t�', ID
Sediment Containment
®GrateGator
Catch Basin
GrateGator
Advantages
• Lightweight
• Easy to use and reuse
• No stone or sand needed
• Flip top allows for easy
maintenance
GrateGator
GrateGator is an innovative new
"above the grate" storm water filter
designed to remove sediment and
debris from storm water as it enters
the catch basin. Manufactured with
a durable, high flow multidimensional
filter, the GrateGator has superior
flow rates to alternative methods or
products used in this application. With
built in overflow protection, the
GrateGator is efficient at filtering out
contaminents while allowing bypass
® during exteme wet weather events.
GrateGator can be cleaned and
reused over and over for the life of
the project.
The unit easily slides over the grate
edges and has a low profile to prevent
damage. The GrateGator eliminates
the need for sand bags or stone
bundles which create a source for
storm water contamination if and
when they fail or burst from vehicle
damage.
Call ACF Environmental for more
information.
ENVIRONMENTGL

GrateGator Specification:
1.0 Description
® 1.1 This work shal I consist of furnishing, placing, main-
taining and removing the GrateGator sediment
control device as directed by the engineer and as
shown on the contract drawings. The GrateGator
sediment control system manufactured by:
ACF Environmental, Inc.
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
www. acfenvironmenial. coin
2.0 Materials
2.1 GrateGator
2.1.1 The GrateGator will be manufactured so the high
flow filter portion of the unit covers the inlet
grate. The installation sleeve is then tucked under
the grate and the unit is held in place by the grate.
3.0 Construction Sequence
3.1 General
® 3.1.1 Install GrateGator so the green filter material
covers the surface area of the grate and the
installation sleeve is not visible at the surface.
3.1;2 The GrateGator should be cleaned if a visual
inspection shows sediment and debris build up
around the GrateGator.
3.1.3 To remove GrateGator, lift grate unit by access
through GrateGator overflow bypass.
3.1.4 Clean as needed. Store out of direct sunlight.
3.1.5 Pending is likely if sediment is not removed
regularly. Inspection of GrateGator should be
on a regular basis and immediately after wet
weather events.
2831 Cardwell Road
Richmond, Virginia 23234
[phone] . FAX [phone]
www.acfenvironmental.com
GrateGator
Installation and Maintenance:
. Remove grate.
. Place grate on its side.
. Slide installation sleeve over one side ofthe
grate.
. Place grate on the opposite edge and slide
GrateGator over remaining surface.
e Replace grate.
. Inspection after each wet weather event is
recommended.
. Remove all sediment and debris from surface
after each wet weather event.
. Remove GrateGator, clean out and replace.
ACF Environmental
"Complete Source for Stormwater Solutions"
Distributed by:
GrateGator Jr.
THE sy i 7 r '.��'�. STORCv
(800) 644-t922223
www.ihebmpstore.com

11
A
NC D WQ MANUAL CHAPTERS
KAPSTONE KRAFT PAPER
KKP-10006

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised 09-28-07
U
•
13. Filter Strip
Description
A filter strip is a section of land capable of sustaining,sheet flow, either forested. or vegetated
with turf grasses or other plants, which provides pollutant removal as the stormwater passes
through it. . - '
Pollutant Removal
2540%* Total Suspended Solids'
`200N Total Nitrogen
35%- Total Phosphorus
,Water Quantity- r
no. Peak Attenuation -
no Volume Captuie, '
*See Section 13.2 for information on variable rate
AdvamaQes Dis
- Can reduce particulate pollutants such as`.
-
sediment, organic matter; and trace
metals.
- Slows down the water and promotes.
infiltration. -
- Can be,im-p'lerented as part of
landscaping requirements. - - -
- Meshes well in residential areas to -
provide open space for recreation, help
maintain riparian zones, and reduce
stream bank erosion.
Major Design Elements
s
it`i,Aigh velocity flows; so,
at applicable in large areas
,d0elopmenbbr tvrth steep'
eet'ilow to operate
May be difficulfto-avoid flow -
Does not provide enough runoff storage
or-infiltiation to significantly reduce -
peak discharge of volume -of storm
runoff;_so typically functions only.'as,one
component ih a stormwater management
system..: -
eedbytYhei'NCm�nr'�str`trveRulesof.thelEnvrronmentalM ag t
Commission ®Etter,. spectficatio s ay tie necessary to meet theme stated pollutant removalt
re uirementsi "�--
F"
1
Sizing shall take into account all runoff at ultimate build -out including off -site drainage.
2
The BMP shall be located in a recorded drainage easement with a recorded access
easement to a public ROW.
3
A distribution device shall be used to provide even distribution of runoff across the BMP.
Filter Strip
13-1
July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Major Design Elements (Continued)
Revised 09-28-07
R�eq�u�rre�ayDWQip�olitf�c
zjy��e�se a�r�e based�navatlab�lere�se�arcl�, and repre�entw� at'DWQ�
consrders
necessa Ito achreve the�fstated removalfeffierencres
e
4
The filter strip must be densely vegetated.
5
An appropriately licensed design professional must prepare the grading and vegetation
plan.
6
The length and width of a filter strip shall be in accordance with the requirements of the
applicable stormwater regulatory program.
7
Sustained sheet flow is required, typically through the use of a concrete level spreader.
13.1. General Characteristics and Purpose
Any natural vegetated area, from grassy meadow to small forest, may be adapted for
use as a filter strip. Filter strips are often referred to as vegetated filters. Man-made
filter strips (on graded, prepared, and planted areas) can be just as effective as some
natural areas. Many types of plants or natural vegetation can be used in filter strips
ranging from close -growing grasses to shrubs and trees. However, the vegetation must
have dense foliage and a thick root mat to be effective. Filter strips are designed to
accept runoff from overland sheet flow from upgradient development. The filter strips
® trap sediment and sediment -bound pollutants. Because they disconnect impervious
surfaces from storm sewers and lined channels, filter strips reduce effective
imperviousness and help reduce peak discharge rates by increasing travel times and by
increasing abstractions from the total flow. Figure 13-1 illustrates the basic elements of
a filter strip.
El
Filter strips may be used to treat runoff from highways, roofs, parking areas, and in
general, between upgradient development and receiving waters, frequently in
residential areas, or where the development density is low. Filter strips can also be used
as pretreatment for infiltration BMPs such as bioretention and infiltration trenches. They
are also part of the outer zone of riparian stream buffers. Additionally, for projects
under North Carolina's State Stormwater Management Program rules, a filter strip may
be a required companion BMP for the discharge from other BMPs, such as wet detention
basins and infiltration BMPs.
A level spreader is required with every filter strip, unless permanent, sustained sheet
flow can be otherwise demonstrated. Chapter 8 addresses the design requirements for
level spreaders.
Filter Strip 13-2 July 2007

Revised 09-28-07
NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
® figure 13-1
Filter Strip Schematic for Receiving the Stated Pollutant Removal Credits
s
E
aceiving
ream,
nnveyance
Wetland
Length of Filter Strip =
13' to 130'
depending on the length of level
needed to handle the goy
Reinforced Chan
Level Sp._.,__.
13.2. Meeting Regulatory Requirements
Every filter strip must meet the major common design requirements presented on the
first page of this chapter. Additionally, to receive the pollutant removal rates listed in
the front of this section, the filter strip also must meet the requirements of the regulatory .
program that governs the installation.
Pollutant Removal Calculations
The pollutant removal calculations for filter strips are as described in Section 3.4, and
use the pollutant removal rates shown below.
The removal rates for TSS are variable based on the type of vegetation:
— 40 percent for natural wooded vegetation
— 30 percent for planted wooded vegetation
— 25 percent for grass and thick ground cover
The removal rates for nutrients are:
— 20 percent for total nitrogen
— 35 percent for total phosphorus
Filter Strip
13-3
July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised 09-28-07
® Volione Control Calculations
Filter strips do not have any water storage component, so they do not provide any active
volume control. Filter strips do provide passive volume control capabilities through a
couple of mechanisms. First, they provide pervious surface to reduce the total runoff
volume to be controlled. Second, if designed in such a way, they can increase the time of
concentration and therefore reduce the peak discharge rate.
Filter strips can provide some runoff peak attenuation, largely by increasing the time of
concentration in a subbasin, and by creating disconnected imperviousness. The
effectiveness of filter strips in reducing runoff peak rates can be improved by: siting them
over the most permeable soils thereby reducing the NRCS curve number (CN) associated .
with the filter strip, placing them so as to receive runoff from impervious surfaces, and
interconnecting them with grassed swales or bioretention areas to increase the time of
concentration.
13.3. Design
13.3.1. Siting Issues
Filter strips perform well in all areas of North Carolina where dense, vegetative growth
can be established. High dune areas of coastal counties are too dry to support dense
vegetative cover and are not appropriate for filter strips. Also, slopes must be in the
appropriate range: less than 5 percent slope is preferable; in no cases, may slope exceed
® 15 percent.
13.3.2. Contributing Drainage Basin
Where filter strips receive the runoff directly from the drainage basin, they should be
limited to relatively small tributary areas. Relevant considerations include the ultimate
imperviousness of the drainage basin, the amount of flow delivered to the filter strip, the
permeability and erodibility of the underlying soil, the type and condition of vegetation
present in the filter strip, the presence or absence of small rills, and the slope of the filter
strip.
Filter strips can be used for larger areas if they are used in series, or interspersed
between impervious surfaces (for example, by incorporating filter strips between
parking lanes). The design of filter strips in larger areas should be supported by
calculations that acknowledge and address the potential vulnerabilities associated with
such installations.
13.3.3. Sheet flow
If flow is allowed to concentrate before it reaches the filter strip, or as it crosses over the
filter strip, the rates at which pollutants are removed will be reduced significantly,
gullies will develop, and the filter strip will be ineffective. To achieve the benefits of
reduced runoff rates, pollutant removal, and increased infiltration, it is essential that the
flow be transitioned to sheet flow through the use of a level spreader. A level spreader
;®
Filter Strip 13-4 July 2007

NCDENR Stonnwater BMP Manual
Revised 09-28-07
® is required for all filter strips unless it can be proven that the inflow will be evenly
distributed sheet flow without the use of a level spreader.
13.3.4. Length and Width for Pollutant Removal Credit
The top edge of the filter strip should follow an elevation contour. If a section of the top
edge of the strip dips below the contour, runoff eventually may form a channel at the
low spot. Under some site topography and grading circumstances, runoff may travel
along the top of the filter strip rather than through it. Berms may be placed at intervals
perpendicular to the top edge of the strip to prevent runoff from bypassing any portion
of the filter strip.
The length (perpendicular to flow) of a filter strip is based on the same criteria as the
length of a level spreader presented in Chapter 8 Level Spreaders. The length of the
filter strip must be between a minimum of 13 feet and a maximum of 130 feet. The
length must be calculated as follows.
— For vegetation characterized as grass or thick ground cover: 13 feet of length
per 1 cfs of flow on slopes 0-8%.
— For vegetation characterized as forested: 65 feet of length per 1 cfs of flow for
slopes from 0-6%.
— If the forest vegetation is 100-150 feet in width, then the length can be reduced
to 50 feet of filter strip per 1 cfs of flow.
® — If the forest vegetation is more than 150 feet in width, then the length can be
reduced to 40 feet of filter strip per 1 cfs of flow.
Ell
Forested filter strips must be significantly wider than those with grass or thick ground
cover, due to the forest's greater susceptibility to erosion.
If the filter strip has discrete sections with grass or thick ground cover in one part and
forest vegetation in another, then the length should be determined by calculating the
weighted average of the lengths required for each vegetation type. For example, if a
filter strip that has 20 feet of the width maintained as grass and 30 feet of the width is
existing forested vegetation, the appropriate filter strip length will be:
(20/50) x (13 ft/lcfs) + (30/50) x (65 ft/1 cfs) = 44.2 or 44 feet per cfs of flow
The width (parallel to flow) of a filter strip shall in all cases be a minimum of 50 feet.
13.3.5. Length and Width for Compliance with the State Stormwater Program
In most circumstances under the State Stormwater Management Program rules at NCAC
15A 21-1 .1000, a filter strip is a required additional component of a control system based
on another BMP. For example, the discharge of a wet detention basin must flow
through a companion vegetated filter strip for ponds designed to treat 85% TSS. Ponds
designed to treat 90% do not require a level spreader/filter strip. No specific numerical
value of pollutant removal is assigned for the filter strip alone, but the filter strip must
Filter Strip 13-5 July 2007

NCDENR Stcrmwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised 09-28-07
® be included in the stormwater control system. (Note that in the 2H .1000 rules the .
convention for designating the length and width of the filter strip is reversed from the
terminology used in the several buffer rules. This section observes the more prevalent burr rules
convention in order to avoid confiusion with other parts of the manual.)
The slope and length (perpendicular to flow) of the filter strip shall be designed and
constructed so as to provide a non -erosive velocity through the filter strip for the 10-year
storm. The slope shall be 5% or less where practicable. In no cases shall the slope be
greater than 15%.
The width (parallel to flow) of the filter strip shall be 50 feet when installed on the
discharge from an infiltration system or other BMP for projects that drain to SA waters.
The width of the filter strip shall be 30 feet when installed on the discharge from a wet
detention basin or other BMP for other projects. Figure 13-2 presents the basic elements
of a filter strip used as a companion BMP.
Figure 13-2
Filter Strip Schematic as a Companion BMP
® Length of FilterSMp=
13'to 130'
depending on the length of level
needed to handle the floe
Reinforced Chan
Level Sp��a„�,
eceivirg
tream,
onveyance
r Wetland
Filter Strip 13-6 July 2007

NCDENR Storrawater BMP Manual
® 13.3.6. Sediment Accumulation
Revised 09-28-07
Filter strips can handle low amounts of sediment accumulation by capturing the
sediment in the root areas of the vegetation and incorporating it into the soils of the filter
strip. Filter strips should not be installed until the contributing drainage area is
stabilized. In most instances, a forebay is required prior to the level spreader to capture
the sediment prior to entering the filter strip. For filter strips downstream of wet
detention basins and infiltration devices, a forebay may not be required if sediment
capture is effectively accomplished by the upstream BMP.
13.3.7. Slopes and Velocities
In general, filter strips are most effective on sites with mild slopes. Regulatory program
limitations on maximum slopes are identified in section 13.3.4 above.
A key design objective is that the design overland flow velocity must be non -erosive.
Overland flow velocity may be managed by the following methods: maintaining low
slopes and uniformly sloping grades, limiting.flow volumes to appropriate levels,
providing good flow distribution, repairing erosion features immediately upon
discovery, and maintaining a dense and healthy vegetative cover. Non -erosive velocity
is also dependent on soil type, and the designer must consider soil type in evaluating
design velocities. Typical non -erosive velocities range from 4 fps if the vegetation is
dense grass or undergrowth, and less than 2 fps if the filter strip is wooded.
• 13.3.8. Plant and Landscape Requirements
To realize the benefits of filter strips, it is essential to maintain a dense, vigorous stand of
vegetation. For forest or shrub vegetation, it is recommended that the vegetation
generally be deep-rooted, have well -branched top growth, and resistant to damage from
either saturation or drought. Vegetation on filter strips receiving street and parking lot
runoff must be resistant to deicing chemicals, salts, and heavy metals (tall fescue has
been shown to be quite resistant to road salts).
Well -drained soils are preferred, however, with proper soil preparation and selection of
appropriate plant species, filter strips can be established successfully on poorly drained
soils.
A natural forested area provides good long-term removal of pollutants and priority
should be given to preventing the unnecessary removal of trees. Native vegetation often
takes longer to establish than turf grass; however, this can be managed by planting the
native vegetation early and allowing it to become properly established prior to allowing
stormwater onto the BMP.
A grading and vegetation plan must be prepared by an appropriately licensed design
professional for all filter strips.
Filter Strip 13-7 July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
® 13.4 Construction
Revised 09-28-07
Accurate grading is necessary to develop sheet flow through the filter strip. Filter strip
soil compaction by equipment or vehicles during construction should be minimized. Over
time, the permeability of compacted soil can be restored through the action of vegetation
root systems. However, the restoration takes 5 to 10 years and the vegetation may be
difficult to establish without a good layer of topsoil.
13.5 Maintenance
13.5.1. Common Maintenance Issues
During the first one or two years after construction, filter strips and level spreaders
should be inspected for proper distribution of flows and signs of erosion during and
after major storm events. After the first one or two years, the strip may be inspected
annually or biannually. If evidence of erosion exists, the eroded areas should be filled in
and reseeded. The cause of the erosion should then be determined and, if possible,
eliminated.
Filter strips that are not maintained properly may quickly become nonfunctional
(Schueler et al.,1992). Maintenance involves routine activities such as mowing,
trimming, and replanting when necessary. Strips that receive excessive sediment may
require periodic regrading and reseeding of their upslope edge because deposited
® sediment can kill grass and change the elevation of the edge such that the stormwater no
longer flows through the strip in thin sheets. Maintenance requirements are as follows:
13.5.2. Sample Inspection and Maintenance Provisions
Important maintenance procedures:
— Immediately after the filter strip is established, any newly planted vegetation
will be watered twice weekly if needed until the plants become established
(commonly six weeks).
— Once a year, the filter strip will be reseeded to maintain a dense growth of
vegetation
— Stable groundcover will be maintained in the drainage area to reduce the
sediment load to the vegetation.
— Two to three times a year, grass filter strips will be mowed and the clippings
harvested to promote the growth of thick vegetation with optimum pollutant
removal efficiency. Turf grass should not be cut shorter than 3 to 5 inches and
may be allowed to grow as tall as 12 inches depending on aesthetic requirements
(NIPC, 1993). Forested filter strips do not require this type of maintenance.
— Once a year, the soil will be aerated if necessary.
— Once a year, soil pH will be tested and lime will be added if necessary.
After the filter strip is established, it will be inspected quarterly and within 24 hours
after every storm event greater than 1.0 inch (or 1.5 inches if in a Coastal County).
Filter Strip 13-8 July 2007

NCDENR Stormwaler BMP Manual
Revised 09-28-07
® Records of inspection and maintenance will be kept in a known set location and will be
available upon request.
•
2
Inspection activities shall be performed as follows. Any problems that are found shall
be repaired immediately.
Table 13-2
Sample Inspection and Maintenance Provisions for Filter Strips
BMP element:
Potentialproblem:
How to remediate theproblem:
The entire filter strip
Trash/debris is present.
Remove the trash/debris.
system
-
The flow splitter device
The flow sputter device is
Unclog the conveyance and dispose
(if applicable)
clogged.
of any sediment off -site.
The flow splitter device is
Make any necessary repairs or
damaged.
replace if damage is too large for
repair.
The swale and the level
The swale is clogged with
Remove the sediment and dispose
lip
sediment.
of it off -site.
The level lip is cracked,
Repair or replace lip.
settled, undercut, eroded or
otherwise damaged.
There is erosion around the
Regrade the soil to create a berm
end of the level spreader that
that is higher than the level lip, and
shows stormwater has
then plant a ground cover and
bypassed it.
water until it is established. Provide
lime and a one-time fertilizer
application.
Trees or shrubs have begun
Remove them.
to grow on the swale or just
downslo e of the level lip.
The bypass channel
Areas of bare soil and/or
Regrade the soil if necessary to
erosive gullies have formed.
remove the gully, and then
reestablish proper erosion control.
Turf reinforcement is
Study the site to see if a larger
damaged or ripap is rolling
bypass channel is needed (enlarge if
downhill.
necessary). After this, reestablish
the erosion control material.
Filter Strip
13-9
July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised 09-28-07
® Table 13-2, continued
Sample Inspection and Maintenance Provisions for Filter Strips
11
BMP element:
Potential problem:
How to remediate theproblem:
The filter strip
Grass is too short or too long
Maintain grass at a height of
if applicable).
approximately three to six inches.
Areas of bare soil and/or
Regrade the soil if necessary to
erosive gullies have formed.
remove the gully, and then plant a
ground cover and water until it is
established. Provide lime and a
one-time fertilizer application.
Sediment is building up on
Remove the sediment and
the filter strip.
restabilize the soil with vegetation if
necessary. Provide lime and a one-
time fertilizer application.
Plants are desiccated.
Provideadditionalirrigation and
fertilizer as needed.
Plants are dead, diseased or
Determine the source of the
dying.
problem: soils, hydrology, disease,
etc. Remedy the problem and
replace plants. Provide a one-time
fertilizer application.
Nuisance vegetation is
Remove vegetation by hand if
choking out desirable species.
possible. If pesticide is used, do not
allow it to get into the receiving
water.
The receiving water
Erosion or other signs of
Contact the NC Division of Water
damage have occurred at the
Quality local Regional Office, or the
outlet.
1 401 Oversight Unit at 919-733-1786.
Filter Strip
13-10
July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
ter Revised 09-28-07
® September 28, 2007 Changes:
1. Major Design Elements:
i. Reformatted to include numbered requirements.
ii. Specified concrete for the level spreader material.
2. 13.1: The Administrative Code refers to "vegetated filters", but they are commonly
referred to as "filter strips" in practice. Added the following statement for clarification,
"Filter strips are often referred to as vegetated filters."
3. 13.3.5: Clarified requirements for filter strips following wet ponds that are designed for
85% and 90% TSS removal. Requirement now reads, "...the discharge of a wet
detention basin must flow through a companion vegetated filter strip for ponds designed
to treat M TSS. Ponds designed to treat 90% do not require a level spreader/filter
strip."
4. Figure 13-V Altered for clarification.
5. Figure 13-2: Altered for clarification.
Filter Strip 13-11 July 2007

L]
NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
14. Grassed Swale
ter Revised: 06-08-09
Description:
A water quality grassed swale is a shallow open -channel drainageway stabilized with grass or
other herbaceous vegetation that is designed to filter pollutants.
l.Urn vuttet wstems ror LOW
Feasibility Considerations
Pollutant Removal
0%, Total Suspended Solids
Small .
Land Requirement
0% Nitrogen -
Small-
Cost of Construction
0% Phosphorus
Small
Maintenance Burden
Water Quantity
Small
Treatable Basin Size
no Peak Runoff Attenuation
Some
Possible Site Constraints
no Runoff Volume Reduction
owales aeelcing Pollutant Credit (-ror-t_redrr bwales)-
Regulatory Credits
Feasibility
Considerations
Pollutant Removal
35% Total Suspended Solids
Small
Land Requirement
20% Nitrogen
Small
Cost of Construction
20% Phosphorus
Small
Maintenance Burden
Water Quantity
Small
Treatable Basin Size
no Peak Runoff Attenuation
Some
Possible Site Constraints
no Runoff. Volume Reduction
Convevance Swales Not Seeking Pollutant Credit'
Regulatory Credits
Feasibility
Considerations
Pollutant Removal
0% Total Suspended Solids
Small
Land Requirement
0% Nitrogen
Small
Cost of Construction
0% Phosphorus
Small
Maintenance Burden
Water Quantity
Small-
Treatable Basin Size
no Peak Runoff Attenuation
Some
Possible Site Constraints
no Runoff Volume Reduction
*May include roadside swales, lot line wales, and primary outlet swales
- Roadside swales: These swales are usually on both sides of a road. They are typically
interconnected with cross pipes, and empty into a primary outlet swale(s) carrying rnnpff off
site- These swales often collect runoff from lot line swales, and therefore carry heavy
hydraulic and pollutant loads.
- Lot line swales: These swales are usually located between houses and run the length of the
lot., They typically receive sheet flow from lots, and flow directed from gutters.
- Primary outlet swales: -These swales usually collect drainage from roadside swales and lot
line swales, though the), are sometimes located along lot lines. Because of the heavy
hydraulic load, they are usually deeper, wider, and longer than roadside or lot line swales.
"These swales usually serve the same function as low -density curb outlet swales.
Grassed Swale 1I-1 Jul, 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
Advantages
Disadvantages
— Can reduce the use of costly
— Could be subject to standing water and
development infrastructure, e.g., curb
mosquito infestations..
and gutter.
— May be subject to channelization clue to
— Can be aesthetically pleasing.
concentrated flows.
— Low -slope swales can create wetland
— Low pollutant removal rates and
areas.
essentially no volume control. Must be
— Unmowed systems not adjacent to
used with other BMPs to meet most
roadways can provide valuable "wet
stormwater rule requirements.
meadow' habitat.
Major Design Elements
All Swales
)�lti.^i=[?n'Y'�r#FI"�•)%✓JS.-..-.e� 4�MkY?.P �i $
Required bythe,NC Admtsti ahveReeEnvtonmenMagemen
Commission�Other speerficahons+may be;neela
essarVAWmeeV a stated pollutant removal!
S.-
�✓""
a c n-'t- T S i. Y .,'.(:� f.`.tk�`_e_.L. =yT,`" 7"{_.✓. P': ' �.r .�... :'x."A,r- . �,; C..;Z Y�.. e;s,:
l
icing shall take into account all runoff at ultimate built[ -out including off -site
drainage.
BMP shall be located in a recorded drainage easement with a recorded access
2
easement to a public ROW.
The design must non-erosively pass the peak runoff rate for the 10-year storm.
Where practicable, the maximum longitudinal slope shall be� 5%.
by�DWQ
equrred policy These are,6�ed ortidable research�� d represent what ;I
y
DWQ considers necessary to-achreAve the stated-remryowa[ efCf.+iiaenaes � �,� � -,
„r�+�4;�„,,�
5
Swales shall convey the design discharge while maintaining a 0.5-foot freeboard and
Without exceeding the maximum permissible velocit .
Grassed Swale
1 V-2
July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
® Major Design Elements (Continued)
•
Curb Outlet Swales for Low Density Projects
Revised: 06-08-09
^zN� Y Ttil SVt4 y..iWtTY,,'`YaS �S}it �..4.� T'ki is ! {`yl�°f.. YC3 A�S
Requued by�the,NCA dmimstratrve Rules ofithe Envrronmental.Management i��t �-�I
$
�h"°5•-^ A
Comausston Other specnc�attons+may#benecessary to meet the stated}polhttantremoval
� _
et n�ire'ments �' „i�� � �
a'".�....,�,4�
The maximum velocity shall be as specified in the NC Erosion and Sediment Control
Manual (and replicated in this document, Table 14-2).
2
Side slopes shall be no steeper than 5:1.
Swale length shall be 11G00 ft or greater.
°,
1 p
* .T 'w.. rvT.$ d{g1.`ai F -m •"=„ !SX' T4 �I KNiF/ \ i ,. 'i f- b t Y{Se dSM.k '� - b .i x'.'K F { SV }+V
equued�bytDW¢ polrcy These are:based on aLVailable:research and re resent what
WQ constders necessa )to�actueve the stated removal efhcteneres- `"m� 7 `' Xt
.`
A maintenance agreement is required.
5
Curb outlet Swales shall have a 1-ft minimum distance from the bottom of the Swale to
the seasonal high water table (SI-IWT).
Swales Seeking Pollutant Removal Credit ("For -Credit" Swales)
-"�i" Aii.7a�4'FSs'ii�lf
egwred by/DW,Q pohcy�Tyh.ese are based on available research and re resent what°`
um 1 yF S� Y {-.'�'h3^v,}"k}'"
WQxconsrders necessaryat_ the.stated �•+ °+
removal efhcrenctes' e:
. S,cn'Tn �chreve
The maximum velocity shall be 1 ft/sec for the 10-year storm..
2
Side slopes shall be no steeper than 5:1.
9
A maintenance agreement is required.
Swale length shall be 150 ft or greater.
5
Swales shall have a "I-ft minimum distance from the bottom of the Swale to the
seasonal high water table (SHWT).
Conveyance Swales Not Seeking Pollutant Removal Credit
e utred b the=LVC Admuustrahve Rules of,the Environmental Management
9 Y
Commrssron }Other spedijeahons may be necessary to meet the kAfed removal
pollutant
} l d C
requrrements +
1 Side slopes shall be no steeper than 3:1
-:fs.. ✓"J,�..c Y� "' >i'f:`rv�'�'h-S'�YJm'F "1S ry'rr'( ztb}SY -' ..5 . v�[M13
Requued by DWQ,pohcy These are based on available researchFiid represent what h
Yx k 5
DWQ cbnstders iiecesschieve the stated^emovll efficiencies. ` 4-i
rile maximum velocity shall be as specified In the NC Erosion and Sediment Control
2
Manual (and replicatedin this document, Table 14-2).
Gra SSMtI Swab
ex
My 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
® The majority of the bottom of the conveyance swale shall be above the seasonal high
water table (SFfWT), but not necessarily 1-ft of separation.
Grassed Swale 14-1 Iull, 7007

NCDENRStormwater I31viP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
® General Characteristics and Purpose
11
Grassed swales are typically long open drainage channels integrated into the
surrounding development or landscape that are lined with grass or other vegetation.
They are often used in residential and commercial developments as well as along
highway medians as alternatives or enhancements to conventional storm sewers (see
Figure 14-1). Swales are suitable for many types of development, bill are most practical
for campus -type developments and single-family residential sites.
Figure 14-1
Grassed Swale in Residential Area, Pembroke Woods Subdivision in Emmittsburg, MD
(Courtesy of Mike Clar, Ecosite, Inc., Columbia, MD) .
Swales remove pollutants from stonnwater by biofiltration, settline, and inlilu ation.
Grassed swales fitter pollutants as stormwater runoff moves through the leaves and roots
of the grass. By reducing flow velocities and increasing a site's time of concentration,
grassed swales contribute to reducing runoff peaks. Grassed swales that are designed with
check dams or incorporate depression storage promote infiltration and call help contribute
to satisfying a site runoff capture/storage requirement.
The effectiveness of a Swale in both reducing the flow rates and volume of runoff, and
removing pollutants, is a function of the size and composition of the drainage area, the
slope and cross section of the channel, the permeability of the soil, tale density and type
of vegetation in the swales, and the swale dimensions. Broad swales on flat slopes.with
dense vegetation are the most effective. Removal efficiencies are highest for sediment -
bound pollutants.
Grassed Swale -la luh200'

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
® Figures 14-2 through 14-4 show examples of grassed swales used for primary drainage
of residential subdivisions, parking lots, and commercial developments, respectively.
Figure 14-5 shows a more detailed sketch of swales in a parking lot, as well as optional
raised storm sewer inlets.
Figure 14-2
Schematic of Plan for Retrofit of Grassed Swales in Residential Subdivision
Intersections with Protective Slotted Curbing
L
S, . N _ 2
r I
o E�] EP EnNN-
1�
CP CP1 :1CTJ EF FT
1,4 Backyard Swales with S:
Iz Infiltration Ditches }
Direction of Flow
E 0 � 0
Roadside Swale 2 Year Detention
---------------100— Detention —
Permanent Pool — — —
2
Grassed SIV,11C 14-6 July 2007

�
0
11
NCnar+c r mP+_,
Lot
Revised: 06-08-0,
I
�
� -
l
|
Shopping Center
\.
|
{
.
.
|
,mar
.
.
w +__
I
-
Roof--- .
$
f---
_e
/ s wm
ƒ
Depressed
7_
ms
\
\Toler
/
-
-
i�
e
} ` 2Y r
\
.Stone
_z
\
Welland
Vegetation\�
1-
« x
,
Permanent
=�=��;�
'mil
/,
- ' %
C
§
Is�w'\2^g\,
! s\------ — —
— —
:��..��...----�-�---------
�
Grassed Swale m< wy

C
•
NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
- Figure 14-4
Schematic Showing Use of Grassed.Swale for Primary Drainage of Commercial
✓JJ'{'I '%iM
r
Y i_r:wS.
Service Station
-t-
Culvert ❑ ❑
s.arrf, H:tt
I
;'^>: '•-- --- — Water Flow
�yNfir.
Wetland' '
�}- — Water Quality
Vegetation
- — - Detention
Sand or
_ __- Swales with
Gravel Filler's
- -_ - Salt Tolerant Vegetation
Inlet
=
Structure
Grassed Swale
`—Existing Storm Sewer
1.1-8
1 u I v 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Figure 14-5
Parking Lot Swale Drainage (from NIPC, 1993).
Perir
Rece
Storm
14.1. Meeting Regulatory Requirements
Revised: 06-08-09
A listing of the major design elements is provided on the first page of this section.
Tapes of grasser? szunlcs
There are three types of grassed swales addressed in this chapter. The design
requirements and the credit granted is specific to the type of grassed Swale designed.
Designers who wish to get credit for TN, TP, and TSS for curb outlet systems for low -
density projects must meet both sets of requirements: Where these requirements
conflict, the more stringent requirement takes precedence.
• Curb Outlet Systems for Low Density Projects: Swales designed into these
systems are intended to convey stormwater through low -density projects as
outlined in NCAC 15A 02I3 .1008(g).
• Swales Seeking Pollutant Credit ("For -Credit` Swales): These swales are
intended to be mechanisms for.pollutant removal. They may include roadside
swales, lot line swales, and primary outlet swales
Grassed Swale
la 9
lulu 2007

NCDGNRStormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
® Conveyance Swales Not Seeking Pollutant Credit: These swales are not intended
to be mechanisms for pollutant removal. They may include roadside swales, lot
line swales, and primary outlet swales. Water in swales meeting the
requirements for this design is allowed to travel through the Swale faster and the
side slopes are allowed to be steeper than for swales that seek pollutant removal
credit.
11
Pollutant Removal Calculations
'rhe pollutant removal calculations for grassed swales are as described in Section 3.4,
and use the pollutant removal rates shown at the beginning of this Section.
Construction of a grassed Swale also passively lowers nutrient loading since it is
counted as pervious surface when calculating nutrient loading.
Volume Control Calculations
A grassed Swale typically does not provide any active volume capture or peak flow
attenuation. A grassed swale provides some passive volume control capabilities by
providing pervious surface and therefore reducing the total runoff volume to be
controlled. In addition, a grassed Swale can be constructed with check dams, depression
storage, etc., that can provide a small amount of volume control.
14.2. Design
The design of a grassed Swale must comply with the requirements outlined in this
section, and appropriate.local channel design provisions. A diagram of the grassed
Swale requirements is provided in Figure "14-6. If a Swale is trapezoidal, having the
bottom of the Swale two or more feet wide is recommended for maintenance purposes.
14.2.1. Converting Sediment and Erosion Control Devices
Swales are often used as part of the site construction sediment and erosion control plan.
The same swales can be later used as grassed Swale BMPs; however, all of the sediment
must be removed, die channel configuration and slope must be re-established (if
necessary), and the proper vegetation must be established.
14.2.2. Siting Issues
The location of swales should be based on site topography and natural features. Where
possible, natural drainage ways on the site should be maintained and integrated into the
Swale drainage system.
With the exception of conveyance swales, swales should always be sited in areas where
the seasonal high water table (SFIWT) is at least foot below the bottom of the Swale. If
the Sl IWT is less than 1 foot below the bottom of the Swale, the Swale will likely be
chronically wet. Swales should not carry dry -weather flows or constant flows. Note
that even for conveyance swales, the majority of the bottom of the Swale should be
above the SI-IW'r.
Gra,wd Swale 14-10 Juh' 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
® Sites with steep slopes can be can be difficult to design clue resulting high velocities of
flow. Roadside swales may pose traffic hazards in residential subdivisions. Shallow
swales and curbs with diversion devices can help alleviate this problem.
\" J
Figure 14-6
Diagram of Water Quality Grassed Swale Requirements
14.2.3. Contributing Drainage Basin
There are no minimum or maximum size requirements on the drainage basin for a grassed
Swale. A Swale serving a tributary area more than 10 or 20 acres, or with very high
impermeable surface percentages, can be difficult to design due to high volumes of flow
and/or high velocities of flow.
14.2.4. Swale Design
The swale should be designed as either a curb and gutter system for a low -density
project or as a water treatment swale. The requirements are outlined under Major
Design Elements at the beginning of this chapter. Curb and gutter designs that also seek
pollutant removal credit shall meet the requirements of both designs. Where
requirements conflict, the more stringent requirement takes precedence. See Table 14-1
for a summary of the design requirements.
Grassed Swale 1=1-11 July 2007

11
NCDENR Stonnwater BMP Manual
"Cable 14-1.
Summary of Swale Design Requirements
Revised: 06-08-09
Curb
Outlet
"For -Credit"
Swale
Conveyance
Swale
(Not Seeking
Credit)
Sizing shall take into account all runoff at ultimate build -out
including off -site drainage.
X
X
X
BMP shall be located in a recorded drainage easement with a
recorded access easement to a public ROW.
X
X
X
The design must non-erosively pass the peak runoff rate for the
10-year storm.
X
X
X
The treatment volume shall be determined as specified in
Section 3.
X
X
X
Where practicable, the maximum longitudinal slope shall be
5%.
X
X
X
Swales shall convey the design discharge while maintaining a
0.5-foot freeboard and without exceeding the maximum
permissible velocity.
X
X
X
1'ft from bottom swale to SHWT
X
X
Majority of bottom of swale above SHWT
X
Maintenance agreement required.
X
X
Max velocity as in E&SC Manual, see Table 14-2
X
X
Max velocity, 1 ft/sec for the 10 year 24 hour storm
X
Max side slopes, 3:1
X
Max side slopes, 5:1
X
X
Swale length shall be 100 ft
X
Swale length shall be 150 It
X
Where necessary, particularly for curb outlet systems for low -density projects, include a
supplement sheet containing pertinent design information when applying for a State
Stormwater permit. Such a supplement may be necessary in other instances as well. If
the design uses check dams, elevated drop inlets, elevated culverts, underdrains, or
other advanced design options include this information in the supplement.
The treatment volume shall be calculated as specified in Section 3. The swale is typically
parabolic or trapezoidal in cross section for ease of construction and maintenance and
for reducing the potential for scour. I fowever, V-shaped.swales are also allowed for
curb and gutter systems for low -density projects. To reduce maintenance and prevent
scour, the bottom width should be no less than 2 feet. The maximum bottom width
should be 6 feet to prevent erosion making a smaller, better -defined Flow path.
Grassed Swale Lt-I'' lu Iv 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
"fable 14-2
Curb Outlet Systems for Low Density Projects: Maximum Allowable Velocities (Slopes
0-5%) (Derived from the NC E&SC Manual),
Soil
Characteristics
Grass Lining
Permissible Velocity
for Established Grass
Lining ft/sec
Easily Erodible
Non -Plastic
(Sands & Silts)
Bermudagrass
5.0
Tall Fescue
4.5
Bahiagrass
4.5
Kentucky Bluegrass
4.5
Grass -Legume Mixture
3.5
Erosion Resistant
Plastic (Clay
Mixes)
Bermudagrass
6.0
Tall Fescue
5.5
Bahiagrass
5.5
Kentucky Bluegrass
5.5
Grass -Legume Mixture
4.5
' Permissible velocity based on 10-yr storm peak runoff
2 Soil erodibility based on resistance to soil movement from
concentrated flowing water.
a Before grass is established, permissible velocity is determined by
the type of temporary liner used '
The longitudinal slope of the swale shall be as flat as possible to minimize velocities and
® improve pollutant filtering. The maximum slope shall be 5 percent, however, if slopes
are less than 1 percent, ponding may occur in minor depressions, which may be
objectionable to some residents. If slopes are flatter than 1 percent, an underdrain below
the bottom of the swale can help to drain the Swale. If ponding is not a concern to
residents, vegetation that is suited to wetter conditions should be used. If land surface
slopes are too steep for grassed swales, the slopes can be modified with check dams (see
Figure 14-6) to reduce the slope and velocities or to enhance detention.
LJ
The designer also should evaluate the potential for transitioning from supercritical flow
to subcritical flow at grade transitions. When evaluating the flow regime, the designer
should consider the range of discharge rates up to and including the design rate At
grade transitions, hydraulic jumps may cause scouring of the channel and.flooding of
the banks. For locations where hydraulic jumps are anticipated, the designer should
consider using turf reinforcement, energy dissipaters, or lined channel segments.
The methodology for channel liner design is presented in the DENR Erosion and Sediment
Control Planning and Design Manual. If this procedure is used, a channel geometry must
be selected that does not exceed either the.maximum permissible velocity or the
maximum allowable Flow depth for the design now. rate.
The capacity of the swale must also be checked to ensure that it will be adequate after
vegetation is fully established_ The resistance to flow should be evaluated using the
NRCS retardance factor for the vegetation selected (consult the DENR Dosfon and
Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual).
Grassed Swale 14-11 July 2007

It NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
® The flow depth of the design event should be evaluated using Manning's equation for
the Swale type used (parabolic, trapezoidal, or V-shaped). The design requirement is
that the swales convey the design discharge while maintaining a 0.5-foot freeboard and
without exceeding the maximum permissible velocity.
If driveways or roads cross the swale, the capacity of the culvert crossing the road or
driveway may determine the depth of flow for the design event. In these instances, the
culverts should be checked to establish that the backwater elevation does not exceed the
banks of the swale. If the culvert discharges to a minimum tailwater condition, the exit
velocity for the culvert should be evaluated for design conditions., ff the maximum
permissible velocity is exceeded at the culvert outlet, riprap or another measure to
preventsc our must be used.
14.2.5. Plant and Landscape Requirements
Landscape design is based on specific site, soils, and hydric conditions along the
channel. A dense grass cover is the best vegetation to maximize the performance of a
grass swale.
Standard turf grasses may be used if a lawn appearance is desired. The turf grasses
include standard mixtures such as those recommended in the DENR Erosion and
Sediment Control Pluming and Design Manual and the recommended vegetation tables in
® Section 6 of this document. The recommendation is to use taller growing grasses to
improve the filtering capability of the Swale. Bluegrass should be avoided for areas
where salt loading is high.
Soil with a high infiltration rate is typically most appropriate for grassed Swale BMPs.
Topsoil should be suitable for healthy turf growth. Where the existing soil is unsuitable
for growth (such as clayey or rocky soil), applying about12 inches of loamy or sandy
soil is beneficial.
14.2.6. Ponding and Infiltration
Poncling can be beneficial if intended and accepted, or it can be a negative if unintended_
If unintended and not designed for, extended periods of standing water may result in
nuisance conditions and create complaints from residents. Mosquitoes are typically the
biggest concern, however, they should generally not be a problem because of the
frequent flushing of the ponded water, and if wetland vegetation develops, mosquito
predators such as other. insects and birds often mitigate the mosquito problem_ If
wetland vegetation and standing water are persistent concerns, these problems can be
reduced by maintaining more uniform, steeper slopes in the Swale invert or by installing
underdrains.
If temporary retention of small amounts of water is desired for enhanced treatment of
the stoninwater and ecological and visual diversity, there are many ways to achieve that
goal. 'file paragraphs below discuss several methods for retaining water or otherwise
G1 pissed Swale 1 1-14 Iuly 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
® modifying the typical swale hydrology. The retained water will infiltrate, be lost
through evapotranspiration, or slowly released downstream. It should be noted that the
maximum allowable ponding time within a channel is 48 hours and an underdrain
system must be provided if that requirement cannot be met.
Check Dams
A check dam is constructed of earth, stone, or timber 3 to 6 inches high to retain runoff
from routine events. A weep hole may be added to enable the area behind an earthen or
timber dam to drain slowly. However, the weep hole may be subject to clogging. Shorter
check dams can act as level spreaders to.help distribute the flow along the swale's cross
section. See Figure 14-6.
Elevated Drop Inlets
A drop inlet can be used when a combined system of swales and storm sewers is being
used. The swales would serve as the collector system, and the inlet into the main storm
sewer system would be elevated slightly to retain runoff from routine events. The height
of elevation would depend on the soil, the slope of the swale, and the tolerance for
ponding. Wetland vegetation may develop in the ponded areas if the underlying soils
are poorly drained.
Elevated Culverts
Elevated culverts are used for the same purpose as check dams and elevated drop inlets,
to retain runoff from routine events. As with elevated drop inlets, wetland vegetation
® may develop in the ponded areas if the underlying soils are poorly drained.
Depression storage
Small depressions along the bottom of the swale will trap and store stormwater for later
infiltration into the soils. These depressions will also likely accumulate sediment at a
quicker pace than other parts of the Swale, and will also probably develop wetland
vegetation.
11
Grissed Swa e 14-15 duly 2007

NCDGNR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
® Figure 14-7
Schematic of Grassed Swale with Check Dam (from NIPC, 1993 and Schueler, 1987)*
Side Slopes
3:1 or Less
Swale Slopes
as Close to
Zero as Drainage Optional Railroad Tie
Will Permit<2% r`t+ % `- > i }'"T Check -dam
(Increases Infiltration)
('p;y.^Ah]5,�
'✓f c ,+ t,Fr
?ter i; Nr �, '� d '�✓"'i { ! -. ��}''�N�'.�� tr% mi iv7< ' i
(}7
�; S'Rf
1111
Weep Hole %X/ ��'ii`"9[:r; `.<
Stone Prevents
Downstream Scour
-Side slopes must be 5:1 or less to attain wuter quality credit
Underdrains
Underdrains can enhance the performance of swales by providing additional filtration
® through soil similar to the process that takes place in bioretention facilities. These
"bioietention" swales have a laver of engineered soil underlain by a gravel layer
surrounding a perforated pipe. This configuration also reduces poncting time where
standing water may be a concern. -No additional removal credit is given for the addition
Of Underdrains. If a system is designed with an underdrain and operates similar to a
bioretention system and higher removal rates are desired, the system must meet the
requirements of a bioretention 13NIP as described in Section8.
11
14.3. Construction
To maximize the infiltration capacity of the swale, compaction of tire soil underlying the
swale should be avoided. For example, equipment for excavating or grading should
operate from the side of the Swale instead of the bottom of the Swale.
Before vegetation is established in a swale, the swale is particularly vulnerable to scour
and erosion. Therefore, protecting the seedbed with a temporary erosion -resistant lining,
such as a geosynthetic, fiberglass roving, or other suitable erosion controls is generally
necessary. Most vendors will furnish information about the Manning's coefficient, n,
and will also specify the maximum permissible velocity or allowable unit tractive force
(also referred to as the "tractive stress") for the lining material. Swales should be
constructed and vegetated early in the construction schedule, preferably before area
grading and paving increase the rate of runoff.
GMSSttl S{vale 14-16 1uh-2007

NCDENRStormwater BMP Nlanual
Revised: 06-08-09
® Temporary erosion -resistant channel linings should be used to stabilize the swale until
the vegetation becomes established. The vendor's instructions for installing channel
linings should be followed. If velocities will be high, designers should consider sodding
the swale or, diverting runoff until vegetation is established.
14.4. Maintenance
14.4.1. Common Maintenance Issues
Maintenance of grassed swales involves grooming the vegetation and occasionally
removing trash. If native vegetation is used instead of turf, vegetation has to be mowed .
only seasonally to retard the growth of woody vegetation. Routine mowing is required if
turf grasses are used. The recommendation is that grass be cut no lower than 5 inches. In
addition, the grass should be allowed to grow to.the maximum height consistent with
the species and aesthetic requirements. Swales populated with wetland vegetation or
other low -maintenance ground cover do not require mowing of the channel. The
frequency of trash removal depends on the location and attractiveness of the Swale as a
disposal site.
Excessive sedimentshould not accumulate if erosion is controlled adequately upstream.
However, if excessive siltation occurs, the sediment must be removed periodically (no
less than once annually). Sediment that accumulates in the swale may be prone to
resuspension during large storm events and can kill the grass. Sediment should be
removed when it reaches a depth of 4 inches or when it covers the grass.
Additional annual maintenance activities are as follows:
Repair erosion and regrade the swale to ensure that runoff flows evenly in a
thin sheet through the swale.
Revegetate the swale as needed to maintain a dense growth.
14.4.2. Sample Inspection. and Maintenance Provisions
Important maintenance procedures:
— The drainage area of the grassed swale will be carefully managed to reduce the
sediment load to the grassed swale.
— After the first-time fertilization to establish the grass in the swale, fertilizer will
not be applied to [he grassed Swale.
The grassed swale will be inspected once a quarter. Records of inspection and
maintenance will be kept in a known set location and will be available upon request.
Inspection activities shall be performed as follows. Any problems that are found shall
be repaired immediately.
Grassed Swale 14-17 _ _ luk 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 06-08-09
® Table 14-3
Sainole [nsoection and Maintenanre
BMP element:
Potential roblems: -
Ifow to remediate theproblem:
The entire length of the
swale
Trash/debris is present.
Remove the trash/debris.
Areas of bare soil and/or
erosive gullies have formed.
Regrade the soil if necessary to
remove the gully, and then re -sod
(or plant with other appropriate -
species) and water until established.
_
Provide lime and a one-time
fertilizer application. -
Sediment covers the grass at
the bottom of the Swale,..
Remove sediment and dispose in an
area that will.not impact streams or
BMPs. Re -sod if necessarv.
Vegetation is too short or too
long-
Maintain vegetation at a height of
approximateh, six inches.
The receiving water
Erosion or other signs of
Contact the NC Division of Water
damage have occurred at the
Quality 401 Oversight Unit at 919-
outtet.
733-1786.
Grassed Swale 11-IR Jnly 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 06-08-09
® September 28, 2007 Changes'
1. Major Design Elements and Table 14-I:
i. Reformatted toincludenumbered requirements.
ii. All swales:
I. Removed reference to the Simple Method. Treatment volume will be
calculated as stated in Section 3.
2. Removed the requirement for all swales to have I -ft minimum distance from
the bottom of the swale to the seasonably high water table (SHWT). This is
now only a requirement for curb outlet systems and conveyance swales
seeking credit.
iii. Curb outlet systems:
I. Removed the per acre requirement from the following sentence, "Swale
length will be 100 ft/acre drainage." '
2. Specified the following requirement as an Administrative Code requirement,
"The maximum velocity shall be as specified in the NC Erosion and
Sediment Control Manual (and replicated in this document, Table 14-2)," per
15A NCAC 0211.1008(g)(I).
3. Added the requirement to have I-ft minimum distance from the bottom of the
swale to the seasonably high water table (SHWT).
iv. Conveyance swales seeking credit:.
I. Removed the per acre requirement from the following sentence, "Swale
length will be 150 ft/acre drainage"
2. Specified that the maximum velocity shall be calculated from the 10 year 24
hour storm.
3. Added the requirement to have I-ft minimum distance from the bottom of the
® swale to the seasonably high water table (SFIWT).
v. Conveyance swales not seeking credit:
1. Removed the swale length requirement.
2. Specified the following requirement as an Administrative Code requirement,
"Side slopes shall be no steeper than 3: 1, " per 15A NCAC 0211 .1008(c)(2).
2. 14.3.2: Included exclusion for the I ft to the SHWT requirement for swales not seeking
pollutant removal credit.
3. 143:4: _Removed the reference to the Simple Method. The volume shall be calculated as
specified in Section 3.
4. 14.3.5: Removed references to wetland plantings.
5. Table 14-2 (Note: Track changes are not visible in this fable): Added a missing
reference to a footnote. Corrected footnote 3, which had been cut-off. Updated this table
to match the changed requirements in the Major Design Elements section.
6. Table 14-3: Labeled (previously unlabeled).
r
U
June 2009 Chances
I. Design elements required by DWQ policy for conveyance swales revised to allow less
than I' separation between SHWT and bottom of Swale.
2. Revisions to distinguish between "conveyance" swales (where less than I � separation
from SHWT now allowed) and "for -credit" swales (where I' minimum separation from
SHWT is required) throughout chapter.
3. Table 14-1 and Section 14.3.2 were revised to be consistent with new DWQ policy
regarding SHWT separation for conveyance swales.
Grassed Swale 1-1-19 July 2007

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 09-25-07
15. Restored Riparian Buffer
Description
Restored riparian buffers are natural or constructed low -maintenance ecosystems adjacent to
surface water bodies, where trees, grasses, shrubs, and herbaceous plants function as a filter to
remove pollutants from overland stormwater flow and shallow groundwater flow prior to
discharge to receiving waters.
30% Total Nitrogen'
- 35%: -Total Phosphoius ..
Water Quantity
no Peak Flow Attenuation
no Volume Capture
tiMed1 Land Requirement?r
-'Meds`.CostofConstivcflon -'
Low.t ;
Maintenance' -Burden"
Low
:Treatable Basin Size -
High.
Possible Site Constraints
High.
Community Acceptance
Advantages
Disa"dvantaQes'. -
- Offers numerous aesthetic and passive
- ' Sometimes seen as unkempt public areas.
recreational benefits.
_ = Can be perceived as interfering, with
- Provides water quality treatnient,-
views of streams; especially :with
erosion control; and water temperature
' slvubby bank -side vegetation.
benefits.
- In the worst cases,, cam be abused as
- Maintaining trails that are cons cted, `
places for dumping trash and litter.
marked, and signed well can build -
support for greenways within riparian
buffers in urban and suburban
-
watersheds.
Major Design Elements
shall take into account all runoff at ultimate build -out including off -site drainage.
BMP shall be located in a recorded drainage easement with a recorded access easement to
2 lapubicROW.
Restored Riparian Buffer
15-1
October 2006

C
NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Major Design Elements (Continued)
ter Revised: 09-28-07
Requiredtby�DWQ policy �Thes ae rf'e�B3�basedo5n ap aptlable i search,rand=represent what DWQ.
constdera necessary,to achteve the statediremoval effictenetes' r sfh��z� '+� � ��.r-��-��,_i���
The buffer must be constructed directly adjacent to a perennial or intermittent surface
3 water as shown on the most recent NRCS Soil Survey or the USGS 1:24,000 scale (7.5
minute) quadrangle topographic map.
The existing riparian buffer must be "impaired." An "impaired" riparian buffer includes:
fields and pastures that have been actively used within the last 3 years, and wooded
4
buffers that have been cutover within the last 5 years or where the woody vegetation is
absent or sparse (less than 100 stems per acre that are greater than 5 inches diameter at
breast height). '
The restored riparian buffer must be used only when the flow to the level spreader is less
5
than 3 cfs. This flow could be coming directly from the drainage area during the one inch
per hour storm or the drawdown flow from another BMP.
6
Level spreaders (designed in accordance with Chapter 8 of this Manual) are required if it
cannot be proven that the stormwater entering the riparian buffer is sheet flow.
7
The width shall be 50 feet, which must be divided into two zones. The 30 feet closest to
the stream (Zone 1) must be wooded and the outer 20 feet (Zone 2) must be grassed.
8
The buffer must be a minimum of 13 feet and a maximum of 130 feet in length, and is set
by the level spreader length requirements.
9
The slope of a riparian buffer must not be greater than 6%.
15.1. General Characteristics and Purpose
Riparian buffers are natural vegetated areas along a streambank (see Figure 15-1). They
improve riparian habitat by:
— Providing food and cover for wildlife and aquatic organisms,
— Stabilizing stream banks,
— Filtering pollutants from stormwater,
— Attenuating the rate of runoff into streams, and
— Increasing infiltration and recharge to groundwater and surface water bodies.
xestored xlparian butter 15-2 October 2006

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual
Revised: 09-23-07
Figure 15-1
Forested Riparian Buffer with Well -Developed Streambank Vegetation.
• 15.2. Meeting Regulatory Requirements
To receive the pollutant removal rates listed in the front of this Section, the restored
riparian buffer must meet all of the major design requirements listed in the beginning of
this Section. If restored riparian buffer will not meet the regulatory requirements of the
site by itself, other BMPs can be used in conjunction to provide enhanced pollution
removal rates or volume control capabilities.
Pollutant Removal Calculations
A.properly sited, designed, constructed and maintained restored riparian buffers has the
following associated pollutant removal rates:
— 60% Total Suspended Solids
— 30% Total Nitrogen
— 35% Total Phosphorus
Construction of a restored riparian buffer also passively lowers nutrient loading since it
is counted as pervious surface when calculating nutrient loading.
Volume Control Calculations
A restored riparian buffer typically does not provide any active volume capture or peak
flow attenuation. A restored riparian buffer provides some passive volume control
capabilities by providing pervious surface and therefore reducing the total runoff
volume to be controlled.
Restored Riparian Buffer 15-3 October 2006

NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 09-28-07
® 15.3. Design
15.3.1. Siting Requirements
All of the following siting requirements must be met in order for a restored riparian
buffer to be constructed and -receive the stated pollutant removal efficiencies:
1. They may only be constructed directly adjacent to a perennial or intermittent
surface water. A perennial or intermittent surface water is considered to be
present if the feature is approximately shown on either the most recent version of
the Soil Survey Map prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service of
the United States Department of Agriculture or the most recent version of the
1:24,000 scale (7.5 minute) quadrangle topographic maps prepared by the United
States Geologic Survey (USGS).
2. The existing riparian buffer must be "impaired." An "impaired" riparian buffer
includes: fields and pastures that have been actively used within the last 3 years,
and wooded buffers that have been cutover within the last 5 years or where the
woody vegetation is absent or sparse (less than 100 stems per acre that are
greater than 5 inches diameter at breast height).
3. The slope of the riparian buffer must not be greater than 6 percent.
® 4. The restored riparian buffer must be used only when the flow to the level
spreader is less than 3 cfs. This flow could be coming directly from the drainage
area during the one inch per hour storm or the drawdown flow from another
BMP.
All restored riparian buffers must be placed in permanent easement so it will not later be
decreased or removed from the site.
15.3.2. Length and Width
The restored riparian buffer must a total of 50 feet in width and it must be composed of
a zone of grass (20 feet wide) and a zone of forest vegetation (30 feet wide) as described
in Section 15.3.3 below.
The length of level spreader is determined by calculating the weighted average of the
lengths required for each vegetation type as shown below.
(20/50) x (13 ft/l cfs) + (30/50) x (65 ft/1 cfs) = 44.2 or 44 feet per cfs of flow
Since the maximum length of a level spreader is 130 feet, this means that each restored
riparian buffer is able to treat 3 cfs of flow. The level spreader may be designed to treat
the one inch per hour storm with a bypass channel or the 10-year, 24-hour storm without
isa bypass channel. See chapter 8 for information about properly designing level
Restored Riparian Buffer 154 October 2006

C
NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual Chapter Revised: 09-28-07
spreaders. A restored riparian buffer will not receive approval from DWQ unless it is
accompanied by a properly designed level spreader or it is proven that the flow entering
the restored riparian buffer is already diffuse.
Length of Buffer =
30' to 130'
depending on
the length of
level spreader
needed
Figure 15-2
Restored Riparian Buffer Diagram
Required width = 50'
Designers have the option of placing two or more restored riparian buffers adjacent to
one another along a stream channel in order to treat higher flows of stormwater.
Restored riparian buffers can be used downslope of a detention/retention BMP, which
will attenuate the flow from a larger drainage area and allow the drawdown flow to
receive additional treatment without overwhelming the level spreader and restored
riparian buffer.
15.3.3. Two -Zone Riparian Buffer System
Restored riparian buffers must be 50 feet wide and include two zones of vegetation.
Zone 1 starts from the top of bank for streams (and from mean high water for other
waterbodies) and extends landward a distance of 30 feet perpendicular to the stream.
Zone 1 consists primarily of wooded vegetation that may not be disturbed except for
removal of nuisance vegetation (see Section 15.3.6). Zone 2 extends a minimum of 20
additional feet beyond Zone 1. Zone 2 is intended to diffuse and infiltrate runoff and
filtering of pollutants. It may be grassed, and other vegetation and periodic
maintenance are allowed.
Restored, Riparian Buffer
15-5
October 2006

E
NCDGNR Stormwater BM Manual
Figure 15-3
Two Zone Buffer (modified from Lowrance et al., 1995)
2014E a ZONE f SI•eambotlom
0rassaU Area fnrarles •rve
15.3.4. Site Assessment
Revised: 09-28-07
The riparian area to be restored should be evaluated with respect to these factors that
control the viability of riparian plants:
— Soil moisture
— Soil pH
— Soil texture
— Seasonal high water table depth
— Flooding potential
— Aspect, topography, and microtopographic relief
15.3.5. Zone 1 Planting Requirements
Based on the site assessment, the designer should choose 10-12 species of native trees
and shrubs appropriate for site based on site assessment and reference conditions.
Typically, there should be at least three or four understory trees for every canopy tree to
provide structural diversity similar to mature forests. Where shrub species are
incorporated into the planting plan, they should be distributed more densely at outer
edge of riparian buffer to reduce light penetration and recolonization by invasive exotic
species.
Please refer to Table 15-1 below for plant lists broken down by plant type,
physiographic region, and hydrologic zone.' Most plants for the buffer should be
compatible with Zone 4, Upland Area, with some plants, depending on the site, from
Restored Riparian Buffer
15-6
October 2006

is
E-
NCDENR Stormwater BM13 Manual
Revised: 09-28-07
Zone 3, Shallow Land. Please note that these lists are alphabetical and do not take into
account the assemblages of plants found in nature.
Trees should be planted approximately at a density sufficient to provide 320 trees per
acre and shrubs should be planted at a spacing to provide 1,200 shrubs per acre. To
achieve this density, trees should be planted at a spacing of 8x8 to 10x10 feet. Shrubs
should be planted at a spacing of 3x3 to 5x5 feet.
The minimum size for trees that are planted in the restored riparian buffer is 2.5 inches
dbh (diameter breast height). Trees should be bare root or balled and burlapped (not
containerized stock). The minimum size for shrubs planted in the restored riparian
buffer is a one -gallon container.
Restored Riparian Buffer 15-7 October 2006