SW1210801_Design Calculations_20211124

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS
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Pardee Partners ASC
Stormwater Management Plan (Low -Density) — Supporting Documentation
TOWN OF MILLS RIVER
HENDERSON C NTY, NO T CAROLINA
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PREPARED BY:
WGLA Engineering, PLLC
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
724 5TH Avenue West
Hendersonville, NC 28739
P-1342
November 2021

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Table of Contents
Narrative and Project Description
Secretary of State Verification
Stormwater Management Permit Application Form
Low Density Supplement-EZ Form
Low Density Commercial Subdivision Deed Restrictions Form
Low Density Operation and Maintenance Agreement
Current Property Deed
USGS Site Location Map
Stream & Wetland Delineation
Surveyors Plat
Soils Report

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Narrative and Project Description

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Narrative and Project Description:
Site Location: The site is located on Highway 280 in Mills River, North Carolina. The
construction entrance to this site is located approximately 3,700 if north of the
intersection of Highway 280 and Haywood Road (Hwy 191).
Project Description: The parent parcel to be developed is currently 21.00 +/- acres. The
parcel will be subdivided to a 17.69 acre parcel. This 17.69 acres is the area in which all
of the calculations are based on. Of the 17.69 acres a project area of 2.57 ac +/- will be
the site of the proposed road construction. Based on the project area with the proposed
road, sidewalk, and the currently unplanned miscellaneous impervious area, the total
impervious percentage for the project area will be approximately 3.11%.
Site Description: During the construction phase, one gravel construction entrance will be
installed along highway 280. Silt fencing with reinforced stabilized outlets will be
installed along the perimeter of the project area to capture runoff. No stream or wetland
impacts are proposed for this project. After completion of road construction, stormwater
runoff will sheet flow off the edge of the road / sidewalk and onto existing grade /
vegetation to promote infiltration to the greatest extent possible. No curb and gutter,
swales, cross pipes or stormwater structures are currently proposed for this project.

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Secretary of State Verification

1016/21, 9:08 AM
North Carolina Secretary of State Search Results
• Upload a PDF Filing • Order a Document Online • Add Entity to My Email Notification List • View Filings
Non -Profit Corporation
Legal Name
HENDERSON COUNTY HOSPITAL CORPORATION
Information
Sosld: 0457423
Status: Current -Active O
Date Formed: 4/24/1998
Citizenship: Domestic
Annual Report Due Date:
Registered Agent: Kirby, Jay
Addresses
Mailing
800 North Justice Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
Reg Mailing
800 North Justice Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
Officers
Principal Office
800 North Justice Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
Reg Office
800 North Justice Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/searcti/Bus!ness_Registration_ResuIts 1/1

Qi1PARDEE \ mg,;trt•t R. hil-d(T Niumori;tl I loshital
UNC HEALTH CARE �II1) \urflt �usfire tilnct, Ilcnticrs�m�illr, N(; 2tt?�)1
September 29, 2021
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources
Re: Company Signature Authorization
Dear Sir or Madame,
Henderson County Hospital Corporation is an active corporation in good standing with
the NC Secretary of State. The individual listed below is authorized to sign for all matters
relating to the Financial Responsibility/Ownership Form or stor mwater permits deemed
necessary for compliance with Federal, State or local regulations applicable to the Pardee
Partners Mills River project.
The signature of the below authorized signer is sufficient to bind the corporation.
COMPANY OFFICER
Name: Johnna Reed Signature: « Title: Chief Administrative Officer
Henderson County Hospital Corporation d/b/a Margaret R. Pardee Memorial Hospital
By:
Jam M. Kir y II, Pr and CEO
Attest: L- -Walter
1--
Walter C. Carpenter, Secretary (SEAL)

FT!IIqENDF HEND
1 Historic Courthouse Square • Suite 2 • Hendersonville, NC 28792
Phone [phone] • Fax [phone]• • www.hendersoncountync.org
John Mitchell
Interim County Manager
September 29, 2021
Steven Corey Anen, PE
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612
Re: Pardee Partners ASC
Amy Brantley
Assistant County Manager
Dear Mr. Anew
On behalf of Henderson County, I hereby authorize Henderson County Hospital Corporation
[DBA Margaret R. Pardee Memorial Hospital] James Kirby, (Chief Executive Officer) and/or
Johnna Reed (Chief Administrative Officer) to be the financially responsible party, to submit a
stormwater plan and permit and to make site improvements as described in WGLA Engineering
drawings on Henderson County Parcel: 9631-68-8240.
Sincer ,
He ers i ou
J In Mitchell (County Manager)

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Low Density Supplement-EZ Form

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Low Density Commercial Subdivision Deed Restrictions Form

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Low Density Operation and Maintenance Agreement

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Current Property Deed

833791
BOOK
i6�II�MN�Yha4)
This document presented and filed:
12/1812015 01:32:22 PM
._.�
WILLIAM LEE KING, Henderson COUNTY, NC
Transfer Tax: $3,500.00
Doc Stamps 53,500.00 Prepared by: Matthew Mullinax
Deed Prep'n Only
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
GENERAL WARRANTY DEED
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
THIS DEED, made and entered into this 181" day of December, 2015, by and between JAMES CALVIN
MOORE, a single man, GARY EARL MOORE and wife, SHARON MOORE; DENNIS EDWIN MOORE and wife,
LISA MOORE, a one-half ('/:) undivided interest, and BEULAH S. MOORE, a single woman, and BEULAH S.
MOORE, Collector of the Estate of Thomas W. Moore, Sr., a one-half (%) undivided interest, (herein collectively
referred to as the "party ofthe first part" and having a mailing address of 649 South Mills River Road; Mills River, NC
28759) and HENDERSON COUNTY, one of the counties of the State of North Carolina, (the "party of the second part"
and having a mailing address of 800 North Justice Street; Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791);
WITNESSETH:
The said parry of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of Ten Dollars ($ 10.00) and Other Valuable
Consideration to them in hand paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged,
has bargained and sold, and by these presents does bargain, sell, and convey in fee simple unto said party of the second
part, its heirs and assigns, a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in Mills River Township, Henderson County,
North Carolina, more particularly described as follows:
BEING all ofthat 2 L00 acres tract depicted on plat entitled Plat of Survey for Calvin Moore and Tom
Moore, and dated December 17, 2015, of record at Plat Slide 9999 in the office of the Register of
Deeds for Henderson County, North Carolina, reference to which plat is hereby made for a more
particular description.
ALSO BEING all ofthat real property described in deed of record in Deed Book 450, at page 529 in
the office of the Register of Deeds for Henderson County, North Carolina,
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the aforesaid tract or parcel of land, together with all privileges and appurtenances
thereunto belonging, to the said party of the second part, its successors and assigns in fee simple forever.
And said party ofthe first part does covenant that they are seized ofsaid lands in fee simple and have the right
to convey the same in fee simple, that title to same is marketable and free and clear of all encumbrances, and that they
will warrant and defend the title herein conveyed against the lawful claims ofall persons whomsoever. This conveyance
and these warranties are made subject to the right-of-way of Highway 280/191, to those easements as described in those
instruments recorded in Deed Book 734, Page 347 and Deed Book 734, Page 333, Henderson County Registry, to the
utility easements of record and to 2015 Henderson County and Mills River ad valorem property taxes.

Book 1644
Page 609
The real property conveyed herein does not includes the primary residence of any part.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, said party of the first part has hereunto set their respective hands and seals the
day and year First above written.
f.r y V l,6'(ft.R..�(SEAL)
TAMES CALVIN MOORE -
— (SEAL)
GAyyRYY� EAR , MOORE
IJYto'Kzyl) —" dy�9 (SEAL)
SHARON MOORE
l //NI41'4 /� /' � (SEAL)
DENNIS EDWIN MOORE
c,i.r/O[..Yi.i M —(SEAL)
LISA MOORE �._e. D QO,o o t e— (SEAL)
BEULAH S. MOORE
13-a, �(SEAL)
BE LAH S. MOORE, Collector
Estate of Thomas W. Moore, Sr.
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
1, a Notary Public of the County and State aforesaid, certify that JAMES CALVIN MOORE, a single man,
personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the voluntary execution of the foregoing instrument for the
purpose stated therein. Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this 1 "I day of December, 2015.
\dLYeS.t�
Notary Public
My commission expires:
T M

Book 1644
Page 610
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
I, a Notary Public of the County and State aforesaid, certify that GARY EARL MOORE and wife, SHARON
MOORE, personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the voluntary execution ofthe foregoing instrument
for the purpose stated therein. Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this
-18"' day of December, 2015.
Notary Public
My commission expires:
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
I, a Notary Public of the County and State aforesaid, certify that DENNIS EDWIN MOORE and wife, LISA
MOORE, personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the voluntary execution of the foregoing instrument
for the purpose stated therein. Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this 1811' day of December, 2015.
1 t '1t • &'(A) _
Notary Public
My commission expires: /I o%V- f7
HEIDI BEAM
Notary Public
Henderson County
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA State of North Carolina
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
1, a Notary Public of the County and State aforesaid, certify that BEULAH S. MOORE, a single woman,
personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the voluntary execution of the foregoing instrument for the
purpose stated therein. Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this 8"' day of December, 2015.
� JUG �ctt
Notary Public
My commission expires: /1_1W_/7
HEIDI 7BEAMNotaryHendersoy
State of Norina

Hook 1644
Page 611
STATE Or NORTH CAROLINA
COUNTY OF HENDERSON
1, a Notary Public ofthe County and State aforesaid, certify that EEULAH S. MOORE, Collector of the Estate
of Thomas W. Moore, SR., personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the voluntary execution of the
foregoing instrument for (lie purpose stated therein. Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this 1811 day of
December, 2015.
My commission expires: //,,�,/ 17
Notary Public
HEIQIBEAM
Notary Public
Henderson County
E
ate of North Carolina

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
USGS Site Location Map

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Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Stream & Wetland Delineation

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action ID. 2016-01311 County: Henderson U.S.G.S. Quad: Skyland
GENERAL PERMIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Permittee: Henderson County / Attn.: Steve Wyatt
Address: 800 N. Justice Street
Hendersonville, NC 28791
Email: [e-mail]
Size (acres): 20 Nearest Town: Mills River
Nearest Waterway: UT French Broad River and
UT Mills River Coordinates: 35.39592 N, 82.56843 W
River Basin/HUC: Upper French Broad (06010105)
Location description: The project site is located on a tract of land (PIN 9631-68-8240) on the east side of Boylston Highway (NC
Highway 280) and approximately halfway between Jeffress Road and the Mills River in Mills River, Henderson County, North
Carolina.
Description of projects area and activity: This permit verification authorizes 0.08 acres of permanent impacts to wetlands
associated with installation of utilities and grading for a Pardee Hospital facility.
Notes: 1) A NWP 18 verification was issued in August 2016 authorizing impacts to a stream and wetlands at the site. These
impacts were not conduct and the verification expired on March 18, 2017.
2) Per comments from North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, regional condition 1.2 of the attached NWP is waived
for this project. Work in waters at this location can be conducted between October 15 and April 15 during the trout waters
moratorium.
Applicable Law: ® Section 404 (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1344)
❑ Section 10 (Rivers and Harbors Act, 33 USC 403)
Authorization: Regional General Permit Number or Nationwide Permit Number: NWP 18 and 39
SEE ATTACHED RGP or NWP GENERAL, REGIONAL AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Your work is authorized by the above referenced permit provided it is accomplished in strict accordance with the attached
conditions and your submitted application and attached information dated April 8, 2021. Any violation of the attached
conditions or deviation from your submitted plans may subject the permittee to a stop work order, a restoration order, a Class
I administrative penalty, and/or appropriate legal action.
This verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified below unless the nationwide/regional authorization is modified,
suspended or revoked. If, prior to the expiration date identified below, the nationwide/regional permit authorization is reissued and/or
modified, this verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified below, provided it complies with all requirements of the
modified nationwide/regional permit. If the nationwide/regional permit authorization expires or is suspended, revoked, or is modified,
such that the activity would no longer comply with the terms and conditions of the nationwide/regional permit, activities which have
commenced (i.e., are under construction) or are under contract to commence in reliance upon the nationwide/regional permit, will remain
authorized provided the activity is completed within twelve months of the date of the nationwide/regional permit's expiration,
modification or revocation, unless discretionary authority has been exercised on a case -by -case basis to modify, suspend or revoke the
authorization.
Activities subject to Section 404 (as indicated above) may also require an individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification. You
should contact the NC Division of Water Resources (telephone [phone]) to determine Section 401 requirements.
For activities occurring within the twenty coastal counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), prior
to beginning work you must contact the N.C. Division of Coastal Management.
This Department of the Army verification does not relieve the permittee of the responsibility to obtain any other required Federal, State
or local approvals/permits.

CESAW-RG-A 2016-01311
If there are any questions regarding this verification, any of the conditions of the Permit, or the Corps of Engineers regulatory program,
please contact David Brown at 828-271-7980, ext. 4232 or [e-mail].
5
4G {a
Corps Regulatory Official: �� � Date: June 2, 2021
David Brown
Expiration Date of Verification: March 18, 2022 (NWP 18) and March 15, 2026 (NWP 39)
Please note, the NWP 18 verification does expire on March 18, 2022. However, in accordance with 33 CFR 330.6(b), activities which
have commenced (i.e, are under construction) or are under contract to commence in reliance upon an NWP will remain authorized
provided the activity is completed within twelve months of the date of an NWP's expiration, modification, or revocation, unless
discretionary authority has been exercised on a case -by -case basis to modify, suspend, or revoke the authorization in accordance with
33 CFR 330.4(e) and 33 CFR 330.5 (c) or (d). Activities completed under the authorization of an NWP which was in effect at the time
the activity was completed continue to be authorized by that NWP.
The Wilmington District is committed to providing the highest level of support to the public. To help us ensure we continue to do so,
please complete our Customer Satisfaction Survey, located online at https:/h•e ug Iatoiy ops.usace.army.mi]/customer-service-survey/.
Copy furnished (by email):
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc., Tyson Kurtz, [e-mail]

CESAW-RG-A 2016-01311
Action ID Number: 2016-01311
Permittee: Henderson County / Attn.: Steve Wyatt
Project Name: Pardee Hospital Mills River Site
Date Verification Issued: June 2, 2021
Project Manager: David Brown
County: Henderson
Upon completion of the activity authorized by this permit and any mitigation required by the permit, sign this
certification and return it to the following address:
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Attn.: David Brown
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Please note that your permitted activity is subject to a compliance inspection by a U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers representative. Failure to comply with any terms or conditions of this authorization may result in the
Corps suspending, modifying or revolting the authorization and/or issuing a Class I administrative penalty, or
initiating other appropriate legal action.
I hereby certify that the work authorized by the above referenced permit has been completed in accordance with
the terms and condition of the said permit, and required mitigation was completed in accordance with the permit
conditions.
Signature of Permittee
Date

CESAW-RG-A 2016-01311
Determination of Jurisdiction:
A. ❑ There are waters, including wetlands, on the above described project area that may be subject to Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (CWA) (33 USC § 1344) and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) (33 USC § 403). This preliminary
determination is not an appealable action under the Regulatory Program Administrative Appeal Process (Reference 33 CFR Part
331). However, you may request an approved JD, which is an appealable action, by contacting the Corps district for further
instruction. Please note, if work is authorized by either a general or nationwide permit, and you wish to request an appeal of an
approved JD, the appeal must be received by the Corps and the appeal process concluded prior to the commencement of any work
in waters of the United States and prior to any work that could alter the hydrology of waters of the United States.
B. ❑ There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described project area subject to the permit requirements of
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) (33 USC § 403) and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 USC §
1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to
exceed five years from the date of this notification.
C. ❑ There are waters, including wetlands, within the above described project area that are subject to the permit requirements of
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations,
this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
D. ® The jurisdictional areas within the above described project area have been identified under a previous action. Please reference
jurisdictional determination issued on August 10, 2016 under action ID SAW-2016-01311.

Mills River Tract (+/- 20 AC)
Jurisdictional wetlands and waters identified on this map have been I
within sub -meter accuracy utilizing a Trimble mapping grade
Positioning System (GPS) and the subsequent differential correction
data. GPS points may demonstrate uncorrectable errors due to topoc
vegetative cover, and/or mullipath signal error.
Note: The illustrated wetland and stream locations are approximate.
areas have been flagged in the field; however, they have not
surveyed. Although ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc. (C
confident in our assessment, the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps
only agency that can make final decisions regarding jurisdictional v
and waters of the US delineations. Therefore, all preliminary determir
are subject to change until written verification is obtained. CEC s
recommends that written verification be obtained from the Corps F
closing on the property, beginning any site work, or making an}
reliance on this determination.
This map was prepared by CEC using the best information available t
at the time of production. This map is for informational purposes or
should not be used to determine precise boundaries, roadways, pi
boundary lines, nor legal descriptions. This map shall not be conslr
be an official survey of any data depicted.
Source Data: Topo is from Henderson County
Potentially Jurisdictional Water
Wetland (AC)
Streams (LF)
W 1
0.03
S 1
207
W2
0.06
S2
1,475
W3
0.02
W4
0.02
Total
0.13
Total
1,682
Legend
Data Form
Stream
Culvert
Linear Wetland
- Wetland
Contours
Project Boundary
J
Drawn by: KAY 11.13.15; CEC Project# 839
Henderson County,
North Carolina
CLearWater
32 Clayton Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
Stream & Wetland
Delineation Map
Delineated November 13, 2015
Figure 5

Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
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Pardee Partners ASC
Town of Mills River
Henderson County, North Carolina
Soil Report

USDA United States
Department of
Agriculture
NRCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Henderson County,
North Carolina
Pardee Partners ASC
March 10, 2021

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils Is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD), To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.

Contents
Preface.................................................................................................................... 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
SoilMap ........ ...................................................................................................... I... 8
SoilMap................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
MapUnit Legend................................................................................................ 11
MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Henderson County, North Carolina.................................................................13
Co—Codorus loam(arkaqua)..................................................................... 13
Ro—Rosman loam......................................................................................14
To—Toxaway silt loam.................................................................................15
4

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to Identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
61

Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of A01
Co
Codorus loam (arkaqua)
8.7
83 9%a
Ro
Rosman loam
0.9
9.2%
To
Toxaway silt loam
0.7
6.9%
Totals for Area of Interest
10.3
100.0°/a
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Henderson County, North Carolina
Co—Codorus loam (arkaqua)
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: Ic18
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Arkaqua, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transacts of the mapunit.
Description of Arkaqua, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bw - 9 to 30 inches: clay loam
Bg - 30 to 46 inches: sandy clay loam
Cg - 46 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 44 to 72 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: OccasionalNone
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity. Moderate (about 7.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
Down -slope shape: Linear, concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Ro—Rosman loam
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol. lc20
Elevation: 1,200 to 2,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if protected from flooding or not frequently
flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Rosman, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 16 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 16 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: FrequentNone
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Hemphill, undralned
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
To—Toxaway silt loam
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: Ic26
Elevation: 1,850 to 2,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Toxaway, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Toxaway, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 26 inches: loam
Cg - 26 to 80 inches: stratified sandy clay loam to sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: FrequentNone
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity. Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear, concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
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