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Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
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DMS Mitigation Bank
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Annual Monitoring Report MY2 (2021)
GUC NUTRIENT OFFSET AND BUFFER MITIGATION BANK PARCEL
DWR Project #: 2017-1122v2
Tar -Pamlico River Basin
In Agreement with:
The GUC Mitigation Banking Instrument for
Riparian Buffer and Nutrient Offset Mitigation Credits Pursuant to the
Tar -Pamlico Nutrient Management Strategy
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
November 2021
PREPARED BY:
November 2021
Axiom Environmental. Inc.
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
218 Snow Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems (Sponsor) is pleased to provide the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NC
DWR) with this Annual Monitoring Report for the GUC Bank Parcel (Parcel). As agreed upon in the GUC
Riparian Buffer and Nutrient Offset Mitigation Banking Instrument (MBI) and GUC Bank Parcel
Development Packaged (BPDP), made and entered into on February 17, 2020, by Restoration Systems,
LLC (IRS), acting as Bank Sponsor (Sponsor), and the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ), Division of Water Resources (DWR). This document details the riparian area restoration
activities, monitoring efforts, and the Parcel's mitigation potential.
Axiom Environmental collected Year 2 (2021) vegetation data on September 22 and October 6, 2021. Yr.
2 (2021) survey efforts indicate an average of 334 planted stems/acre across the Parcel. 59 out of the 87
individual plots met success criteria (Appendix B).
On February 1, 2021, IRS implemented an adaptive management plan based on Year 1 (2020) vegetation
monitoring data (Section 6.0 and Appendix C). Random vegetation transect data was collected across the
Parcel shortly after replanting and indicated an increase of 160 stems per acre Parcel -wide. Year 2 (2021)
vegetation monitoring data suggests the adaptive management planting had a more significant mortality
rate than expected.
The Yr. 2 (2021) Parcel average of planted stems increased over Year 1 (2020), 334 planted stems/acre vs.
328 planted stems/acre across and, 13 additional plots met success in Yr. 2 (59 of 87) vs. Yr. 1 (46 of 87);
a 14.942% increase year over year. In total, IRS has planted 88,550 tree and shrub saplings at the Parcel
(original planting = 63,900, 2021 adaptive management planting 24,650).
There does not appear to be an observable pattern to vegetation success across the Parcel. Areas within
the Parcel do include soils that contain higher concentrations of sand than others; however, that does not
seem to correlate to sapling establishment vs. die -off. In response to Yr. 2 data, IRS conducted ten soil
sampling tests across the Parcel. The location of each soil sampling is located on Figures 2A-2C, Appendix
A. Samples were analyzed by NCDA&CS Agronomic Division.
Results of the soil samples (Appendix C) were not well correlated with tree survival in nearby monitoring
plots. Most measures were within the expected range given the historical land use. PH levels are in the
normal range, as are standard nutrient levels. Several areas have low humic matter, which may limit
productivity both through a lack of available organic carbon and a tendency for sandy soils to be overly
well -drained. The other leading issue identified was relatively high zinc levels in a few samples; however,
these also had relatively high pH, which mitigates any impacts from elevated zinc levels on productivity.
Climatic conditions were not favorable post -planting for establishing bare -root saplings, especially in
sandy soils. Appendix C includes a rainfall analysis for the Greenville area, regional drought mapping, and
Parcel -specific precipitation analysis from the National Drought Mitigation Center. The data shows that
rainfall in January and February was above average. From mid -March through early June, rainfall was well
below average, resulting in abnormally dry to moderate drought conditions between April 27 and June 8
(National Drought Mitigation Center, droughtmonitor.unl.edu). Parcel -specific data reviewed on the
National Drought Mitigation Center website looking at precipitation extremes (i.e., Wet to Dry periods)
classified the Parcel as being in a server drought.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Executive Summary
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
Based on soil tests and recent climate patterns, the leading issue with tree survival on the Parcel appears
to be moisture availability. The same sandy soil characteristics that made this well -drained Parcel an
appropriate location for a spray field make it especially susceptible to the effects of short-term drought,
as was experienced this spring. While it has been difficult to establish hardwood trees in this setting,
herbaceous vegetation is well established and is building the thatch/organic layer, which will better
support tree establishment in years to come. At this time, IRS has no plans to implement an additional
adaptive management plan.
2021 Maintenance Summary:
In the winter of 2020/2021, IRS observed increased feral pig activity and related tree damage within
the Parcel. IRS contracted USDA Wildlife Services staff (Josh Biesecker) and coordinated a trapping and
removal effort using highly -effective remote -operated traps. By March of 2021, 12 pigs were trapped
and removed. During summary and Fall 2021 site observations, no additional feral hog activity and
related tree damage was observed, and no additional trapping is proposed at this time.
Invasive Plant Species Work Maintenance work
None None
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Executive Summary
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel
DWR Project #: 2017-1122v2
Annual Monitoring Report MY2 (2021)
Table of Contents
1.0
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................2
2.0
Parcel Location.................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Parcel Background.....................................................................................................................3
2.2 Parcel Objectives........................................................................................................................3
3.0
Restoration Activities.......................................................................................................................4
3.1 Construction Activities...............................................................................................................5
3.2 Riparian Area Restoration Activities
..........................................................................................5
4.0
Mitigation Potential.........................................................................................................................7
5.0
Monitoring Protocol & Success Criteria
...........................................................................................8
5.1 Monitoring Protocol...................................................................................................................8
5.2 Parcel Maintenance...................................................................................................................8
5.3 Long Term Management Plan..................................................................................................8
6.0
Adaptive Management....................................................................................................................9
7.0
References.....................................................................................................................................10
Appendix A: General Figures and Tables
Figure 1 - Parcel Location / Service Area
Figures 2, 2A-B — Current Conditions Plan View
Figures 3, 3A-B — Credit Determination
Table 1 - Project Components and Mitigation Credits
Table 2 - Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3 - Project Contact
Table 4 - Project Baseline Information and Attributes
Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Tables
Table 5 — Total and Planted Stems by Plot and Species
Vegetation Plot Photos
MY2 (2021) Planted Stem Height Data
Appendix C: Additional Data
2021 Adaptive Management Figure + Transect Data
2021 Soil Test Results
Rainfall and Drought Data
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
Executive Summary
Restoration Systems, LLC
1.0 Introduction
Restoration Systems (Sponsor) is pleased to provide the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NC
DWR) this Annual Monitoring Report for the GUC Bank Parcel (Parcel). As agreed upon in the GUC
Riparian Buffer and Nutrient Offset Mitigation Banking Instrument (MBI) and GUC Bank Parcel
Development Packaged (BPDP), made and entered into on February 17, 2020, by Restoration Systems, LLC
(IRS), acting as Bank Sponsor (Sponsor), and the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ), Division of Water Resources (DWR). This document details the riparian area restoration
activities, monitoring efforts, and the Parcel's mitigation potential.
Totaling 97.14 acres, the Parcel is designed to provide mitigation credits for unavoidable impacts due to
development within the Tar -Pamlico River Basin. Tar -Pamlico River Riparian Buffer mitigation credits
provided by this Parcel are available in the Tar -Pamlico River Basin, according to 15A NCAC 02B .0295
(Consolidated Buffer Mitigation Rule — CMB rule) (effective date— October 24, 2014). Mitigation credits
for Nutrient Offset are made available within the Tar -Pamlico River Basin USGS 8-digit HUC 03020103.
Supporting figures, tables, and photos are located in Appendix A.
NCDWR representatives Katie Merritt and Chris Pullinger conducted an onsite determination for parcel
applicability and suitability on November 11, 2017. Follow-up information was provided to Katie Merritt
on January 22, 2019, and a Site Viability for Buffer & Nutrient Offset was provided by the Division on
March 25, 2019, and revised on May 29, 2019.
The Parcel was permitted in two phases (Phase 168.02 acres, Phase 2 29.07 acres). A phased approach
was taken to allow for the completion of the Piedmont Natural Gas pipeline 24 "Line 24" — DWR 2018-
1640. Completion of the pipeline within the City of Greenville's property, including 401 permit release,
occurred in March of 2020, allowing IRS to perform restoration activities on both phases simultaneously.
Both phases will be reported on and monitored congruently and as one, with one monitoring report
submitted at the end of each year and one financial assurance policy.
Restoration construction activities involved removing existing farm infrastructure, including piped
crossings, dirt roads, a utility line, and a small agricultural building. IRS began preparation for the
restoration of the riparian buffer and planted the Parcel in March of 2020. Riparian buffer restoration
activities included ripping/bedding the Parcel with a narrow set plow, bare -root planting, and broadcast
application of a permanent seed mix. During March 18t" — 26, 2020, Axiom Environmental installed eighty-
seven (87) Carolina Vegetation Survey (CVS) monitoring plots and collected as -built data. Katie Merritt of
DWR performed a restoration verification site visit on June 17, 2020.
2.0 Parcel Location
The Parcel is located approximately 4.5 miles east of Greenville in Pitt County, NC, and within Greenville's
municipal boundaries (Figure 1, Appendix A). The Parcel is within the Tar -Pamlico River Basin 14-digit
USGS Cataloging Unit 03020103070030 of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (North Carolina Division of
Water Quality [NCDWQ] Sub -basin Number 03-03-05) (Figure 1, Appendix A).
Parcel Location: (35.603194,-77.294509)
Directions to Parcel from Raleigh:
- Take 1-440 East from Capital Boulevard,
- Follow US-264 East to US-264 West (Greenville),
- Take Old Pactolus Rd for 3.2 miles,
- The Parcel is located on the right.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 2
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
2.1 Parcel Background
The Parcel encompasses 97.14 acres of historical agricultural fields. Before Parcel development,
agricultural fields were used as biosolids irrigation fields for the City of Greenville Waster Water Facility
and row crop production of hay or sorghum. The Parcel includes three unnamed tributaries and two
surface water conveyances/ditches with direct hydrologic connection to the Tar River, in addition to a
third unnamed tributary that connects to an onsite tributary before discharging into the Tar River (Figures
3A-B, Appendix A). Before construction, Parcel surface water conveyances and unnamed tributaries were
cleared of vegetation by historical agricultural practices and maintained as cleared ditches. Small pockets
of disturbed forests were located on the Parcel at the top of Feature 2, along the margins of Feature 5,
and in the southeast corner of Feature 8 (Figures 3A-B, Appendix A). Dirt roads, a powerline, and a small
dilapidated agricultural building located on the property before construction were entirely removed from
the Parcel's footprint.
The Parcel is comprised of three separate tracts situated just north of the Tar River. Currently, Parcel tracts
are subject to two existing 50-foot Piedmont Natural Gas Company, Inc. (PNG) Easements. PNG Line 42,
DWR Permit No. 2012-1024 v7, runs roughly east to west, and PNG easement and gas line (Line 24 — DWR
2018-1640 — 401 approval on 04-26-2019 with DWR approval and 401 release on March 11, 2020)
connects to Line 42 and runs south under the Tar River. Both PNG easements are outside of the Parcel's
footprint.
2.2 Parcel Objectives
The primary goals associated with the restoration of riparian areas within the Bank Parcel focused on
improving water quality, enhancing flood attenuation, and restoring wildlife habitat. The Project goals for
each Phase are identical, while the Restoration Plan for each differed only with regards to the removal of
existing infrastructure. These goals were achieved by creating a forested riparian buffer adjacent to
stream channels and a forested riparian area along agricultural ditches and were accomplished by the
following.
1. Removing nonpoint sources of pollution associated with agricultural production, including a)
ceasing the broadcast application of class B biosolids, fertilizer, pesticides, and other agricultural
materials into and adjacent to Parcel surface water conveyances (ditches) and streams b)
providing a restored buffer to filter runoff from adjacent lands.
2. Reducing sedimentation within onsite and downstream receiving waters by reducing bank
erosion, vegetation maintenance, and agricultural land disturbances.
3. Promoting floodwater attenuation by increasing frictional resistance of floodwaters crossing
Parcel floodplains.
4. Improving aquatic habitat by enhancing stream bed shading and natural detritus input.
5. Providing a terrestrial wildlife corridor and refuge in an area extensively developed for agricultural
production.
6. Restoring and re-establishing natural community structure, habitat diversity, and functional
continuity.
7. Protecting the Parcel's riparian buffer functions and values in perpetuity.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 3
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
3.0 Restoration Activities
A restoration plan, including the following components, was completed in March of 2020.
Primary components of the Restoration Plan included the following:
1. Removal of an existing, abandoned farm building adjacent to feature 613 & removal of a powerline
adjacent to features 6A and 613
2. Removal of existing compacted earth roads adjacent to features 6A, 6B, and
3. Removal of four culverts
4. Parcel -wide soil preparation & herbaceous vegetation treatment
5. Riparian area restoration (replanting) extending from the top of bank (TOB) out 200' where
applicable and
6. Parcel protection in perpetuity through a conservation easement.
Tables A & B detail the restoration and protection activities. An outline of restoration activities and
their completion dates is provided in Table 2 (Appendix A).
Table A — Summary Restoration Activities
Restoration
Plan Activity
Phase 1
(Figure 3A-C, Appendix A)
Phase 2
(Figure 4A-B, Appendix A)
1.) Removal of existing dirt roads adjacent to
Parcel Features 6A, 66
Removal of
1.) Removal of existing dirt roads adjacent to
2.) Removal of two existing culverts at the
Existing
Parcel Features 2 & S
confluence of Features 5 and 6A
Infrastructure
2.) Removal of two existing culverts at the
3.) Removal of an existing, abandoned farm
confluence of Features 76 and S
building adjacent to feature 66
4.) Removal of a powerline adjacent to
features 6A and 66
1.) Parcel -wide soil preparation herbaceous
1.) Parcel -wide soil preparation herbaceous
vegetation treatment ahead of planting
vegetation treatment ahead of planting
2.) Establishment of a native herbaceous
2.) Establishment of a native herbaceous
Riparian
community via site -specific seed mix*
community via site -specific seed mix*
Restoration
3.) Establishment of a native hardwood
3.) Establishment of a native hardwood forest
forest via the planting of bare -root
via the planting of bare -root saplings from
saplings from the top of bank out a
the top of bank out a maximum of 200'
maximum of 200' along Parcel Features
along Parcel Features
* Permanent Seed Mix: Table D
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 4
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
I QLJIO 0 - JUI III I IQI Y rI ULOLLIUII MLLIVILICD
1.) IRS was granted a Conservation Easement by the City of Greenville, North Carolina,
on March 19, 2020. The conservation easement was recorded at the Pitt County
Parcel protection Register of Deeds; Book No. 3912, Page 577-600.
(97.14 acres) 2.) IRS marked the easement at every corner with an iron, CE cap, and corner t-post.
Additionally, easement posts were placed every 200-feet along the Parcel
boundaries
3.1 Construction Activities
Three primary construction activities occurred onsite, including 1) removal of an abandoned farm building
adjacent to feature 6B & removal of a powerline adjacent to features 6A and 6B; 2) removal of existing
compacted earth roads adjacent to features 6A, 6B, and 8; and 3) removal of four culverts.
Upon the removal of the powerline, abandoned agricultural building, and compacted earth roads.
Treatment of coastal Bermuda grass was completed in 2019. IRS did not feel it was necessary to apply an
additional treatment nor a pre -emergent treatment for other herbaceous species. The Parcel was
prepared for bare -root planting by ripping parallel planting beds off each of the Parcel's features. The
ripping and bedding provided additional water storage for bare -root plantings and introduced
microtopography promoting diffuse flow and surface water storage throughout the floodplain. Soil
amendments were made by the prior farmer before the planting of 2019 row crops. IRS did not apply
additional soil amendments.
Four culverts were removed, two between features 5 and 6A, and two between features 7B and 8. After
the culverts were removed, the side slopes were graded to match existing slopes at approximately a five
to one (5:1) slope. Matting, native seed mix, and live stakes were used to stabilize the stream banks and
to avoid erosion, providing long-term stability. Where necessary, black willow live stakes were used to
stabilize the banks throughout the Parcel for the long-term.
3.2 Riparian Area Restoration Activities
Restoration of the riparian area allows for recolonization and expansion of characteristic species across
the landscape. The riparian areas were restored in accordance with 15A NCAC 02B .0295. The planting
plan for the entire riparian restoration area (Phase 1 and 2) included planting native bare -root hardwood
and shrub saplings across 86.36 acres at a Parcel density of 740 stems per acre and live stakes for stream
bank stabilization where necessary and the broadcast application of 195 LB of permeant seed mix (-2 LB
per acre). Community associations utilized include 1) Brownwater Bottomland Hardwoods (High Subtype)
and 2) Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Coastal Plain Subtype) (Schafale 2012). The planted species
composition is intentionally diverse and, while based on communities above, also accounted for local
observations and nursery availability.
All species were selected based on their ability for sediment stabilization, rapid growth rate, the ability to
withstand hydraulic forces associated with flood events, suitability to specific soil types, and Parcel
conditions. Trees were mixed thoroughly before planting to provide diverse and random planting across
the Parcel. Planting occurred at a density sufficient to meet the performance standards outlined in Rule
15A NCAC 02B .0295 of 260 trees per acre at the end of five years. No one tree species accounted for
greater than 50% of the established stems.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 5
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
The bare root planting list is provided in Table C, followed by the permanent seed mix in Table D. MY2
(2021) vegetation data is provided in Appendix B. Vegetation data for MY2 was collected in September
and October 2021 by Axiom Environmental and derived an average planted stem density of 334 stems per
acre. In addition to native hardwood trees, the Sponsor planted several different species of native shrubs,
aiding in developing a robust, ecologically sound riparian buffer. Shrub species are counted towards
success criteria per the Consolidated Buffer Mitigation Rule 15A NCAC 02B .0295 (November 1, 2015).
Table C — Planting List
Common Name
Scientific Name
Tree/Shrub*
Total
% of Total
Planted Trees
River birch
Betula nigra
Tree
5200
8.14%
Hickory (mockernut)
Carya tomentosa
Tree
1000
1.56%
Chinkapin
Castanea pumila
Shrub Tree
200
0.31%
Sugarberry
Celtis laevigata
Tree
1900
2.97%
Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis
Tree
1400
2.19%
Buttonbush
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Shrub
800
1.25%
Redbud
Cercis canadensis
Tree
1100
1.72%
Silky dogwood
Cornus amomum
Shrub
700
1.10%
Hawthorn
Crataegus marshallii
Shrub Tree
900
1.41%
Persimmon
Diospyros virginiana
Tree
1200
1.88%
Yellow poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tree
5200
8.14%
Crabapple
Malus angustifolia
Tree
600
0.94%
Mulberry
Morus rubra
Tree
1600
2.50%
Carolina buckthorn
Frangula caroliniana
Shrub Tree
2000
3.13%
Black gum
Nyssa sylvatica
Tree
5100
7.98%
Sycamore
Platanus occidentalis
Tree
5200
8.14%
Chickasaw plum
Prunus angustifolia
Tree
500
0.78%
Wild Cherry
Prunus serotina
Tree
1100
1.72%
Oak (White)
Quercus alba
Tree
2200
3.44%
Oak (Swamp White)
Quercus bicolor
Tree
2100
3.29%
Oak (Laurel)
Quercus laurifolia
Tree
1200
1.88%
Oak (Overcup)
Quercus lyrata
Tree
3000
4.69%
Oak (Swamp Chestnut)
Quercus michauxii
Tree
3300
5.16%
Oak (Water)
Quercus nigra
Tree
3,000
4.69%
Oak (Cherrybark)
Quercus pagoda
Tree
3000
4.69%
Oak (Willow)
Quercus phellos
Tree
2300
3.60%
Oak (Northern Red)
Quercus rubra
Tree
3000
4.69%
Oak(Shumard)
Quercus shumardii
Tree
2100
3.29%
American Elm
Ulmus americana
Tree
3000
4.69%
Arrowwood
Vibrunum dentatum
Shrub
1000
1.56%
Total
63,900
100 %
*CVS species type designation
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 6
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
Table D - Permanent Seed
Common Name
Amount (in
pounds)
Common Name
Amount (in
Pounds)
Common Yarrow
1.95
Showy Ticktrefoil
1.95
Redtop
29.25
Purple Coneflower
11.70
Winter Bentgrass,
9.75
Virginia Wildrye,'Madison'
9.75
Perennial Gaillardia
Creeping Bentgrass
9.75
(Blanketflower)
3.90
Clusterspike False Indigo
1.95
Narrowleaf Sunflower
2.93
Showy Aster
1.95
Oxeye Sunflower
1.95
Blue False Indigo
3.90
Wild Bergamot
0.98
Oxeye Daisy
9.75
Deertongue, Tioga
9.75
Shasta Daisy
5.85
Tall White Beardtongue
1.95
Lanceleaf Coreopsis
9.75
Clasping Coneflower
1.95
Plains Coreopsis
9.75
Blackeyed Susan
5.85
Cosmos
3.90
Purpletop
39.00
Rocket Larkspur
3.90
Blue Vervain
1.95
Total (pounds)
195.00
4.0 Mitigation Potential
DWR has determined the nitrogen and phosphorous abatement of restored riparian areas to be 2273.02
Ibs per acre for nitrogen and 146.4 Ibs per acre for phosphorous as agreed to in the GUC MBI. Riparian
buffer credits were measured by the hundredth of an acre and converted into square feet. Mitigation
potential for each Project Phase is detailed below.
The Parcel generated 86.20 acres of restored riparian area within a 97.14-acre Parcel. The Parcel will
preserve 10.94 acres of riparian areas, streams, and ditches.
Table 1 (Appendix A) outlines the components and mitigation credits to be generated within the Parcel.
Tar -Pamlico riparian buffer mitigation credit generated along Features 2, 6B, 7A, 7B, & 8 (all unnamed
tributaries) can be used for either riparian buffer credits or nutrient offset credits, but not both. For
purposes of this document, IRS has chosen to designate the riparian areas from top -of -bank to 100 feet as
Riparian Buffer Credit and areas from 101-200 feet as Nutrient Offset Credit. Riparian Buffer Credits can
be converted and transferred to Nutrient Offset Credits; however, Nutrient Offset Credits conversions
from areas 101-200 feet to Riparian Buffer Credits will not occur.
Nutrient offset credits (nitrogen and phosphorous) generated along the two surface water conveyances
(ditches), Features 5 and 6A, cannot be converted into riparian buffer mitigation credits. IRS must request
and receive approval to transfer any mitigation credits from DWR before adding or removing credits from
the ledgers. The Sponsor will maintain three credit ledgers per Phase. One ledger will account for riparian
buffer credits, one will account for nitrogen nutrient offset credits, and one will account for phosphorous
nutrient offset credits. All mitigation credit assets shall be shown on the credit ledgers (Table 1, Appendix
A).
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 7
MY2 Monitoring Report- November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
5.0 Monitoring Protocol & Success Criteria
5.1 Monitoring Protocol
Restoration monitoring procedures for vegetation at each Phase will monitor plant survival and species
diversity. Quantitative sampling will include eighty-seven (87 [Phase 1 = 61 Plots & Phase 2 = 26)
permanent 10 x 10-meter vegetation plots as outlined in the CVS Level 1-2 Protocol for Recording
Vegetation, Version 4.2 (Lee et al. 2008) and will occur no earlier than Fall of each year (Figures 2A-13,
Appendix A). A reference photo will be taken from the origin point of each plot. All planted stems in the
plots will be marked with flagging tape and recorded. Data collected will include species, height, and
planting type (planted stem and/or volunteer). Monitoring of the restoration efforts will be performed for
five years or until success criteria are fulfilled. RS shall submit to NCDWR annual monitoring reports for
both Project Phases (1 and 2) no later than December 31 of each year. Each report will document the
success of the vegetation and any maintenance, supplemental planting, or encroachment within the
easement areas. Success criteria within the buffer and nutrient offset restoration areas will be based on
the survival of planted species at a density of 260 stems per acre after five years of monitoring.
Year 2 (2021) monitoring occurred on September 22 and October 6, 2021, resulting in an average of 334
planted stems/acre across the Site. Additionally, 59 out of the 87 individual plots met success criteria
(Appendix B).
5.2 Parcel Maintenance
A remedial action plan will be developed and implemented with the approval of NCDWR in the event the
Parcel or a specific component of the Parcel fails to achieve success criteria as outlined above. Other
vegetation maintenance and repair activities may include pruning, mulching, and fertilizing. If exotic
invasive plant species require treatment, such species will be controlled by mechanical (physical removal
with the use of a chainsaw) and/or chemical methods (aquatic approved herbicide) following North
Carolina Department of Agriculture (NCDA) rules and regulations.
If mowing is deemed necessary by the Sponsor during the monitoring period, the Sponsor must receive
approval by the DWR prior to any mowing activities within Zone 1 and Zone 2 of the Neuse buffers along
UT2 to ensure that no buffer violations have been performed. Failure to receive approval to mow within
the Tar -Pamlico buffer as defined in 15A NCAC 02B .0258 by the DWR could result in Tar -Pamlico buffer
violations and violations of the conservation easement. If necessary, the Sponsor will develop a species -
specific control plan.
5.3 Long Term Management Plan
The conservation easement preserves all areas and prohibits all uses of the property inconsistent with its
use as mitigation property, including any activity that would materially alter the Parcel's biological
integrity. RS will transfer or assign the conservation easement and its interests in perpetuity to a qualified
holder under NC General Statute ("GS") 121-34 et seq. and 170(h) of the Internal Revenue Code before
the submittal of the Year 4 Monitoring Report. The holder shall be a land trust or stewardship program
accredited by the Land Trust Accreditation Commission and/or has been approved by DWR. A land trust
must be certified under 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 8
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
6.0 Adaptive Management
During the June 2020 as -built walkthrough, DWR and IRS determined a small area adjacent to vegetation
plot 9 was not planted during the initial site planting effort in March of 2020. During the as -built
walkthrough and subsequent field visits, IRS took GPS points where planting did not occur. The area totaled
0.54 acres and was planted in early February 2021.
Yr. 1 (2020) monitoring efforts determined the Parcel is meeting success sitewide. However, IRS observed
extensive dieback of planted hardwood species across the entire Parcel during the Yr. 1, 2020 Monitoring
Season. IRS believes poor tree stock, moderate planting conditions, and drought are the lead cause for the
low efficacy with planted stems. To ensure a successful riparian forest establishes, IRS proposed replanting
twenty-four thousand six hundred and fifty (24,650) hardwood bare roots across the entire ninety-seven
(97) acre easement. Spacing and densities of the planted stems will be based on zones depending on
survivability within specific areas. A map identifying each zone is provided in Appendix C.
To offset the potential for dieback from drought, IRS added Terra -Sorb to the root balls of each sapling
planted. Terra -Sorb is a non -toxic super -absorbent hydrogel material that absorbs up to 150 times its
weight in water and releases it into the roots when the soils are dry. The species below were picked from
the original planting list with minor modifications based on species success during Yr. 1. Table E outlines
the species and number of stems IRS plans to plant in January 2021.
Table E: Yr. 2 (2020) Adaptive Management Species and Number of Stems
Species
Number of Stems
Betula nigra
2,800
Celtis occidentalis
1,500
Cercis canadensis
900
Diospyros virginiana
900
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
1,400
briodendron tulipifera
1,300
Morus rubra
700
Nyssa sylvatica
1,500
Platanus Occidentalis
2,800
Quercus alba
1,400
Quercus lyrate
350
Quercus nigra
3,350
Quercus phellos
3,250
Quercus rubra
1,000
Quercus shumardii
1,000
Ulmus americana
500
Total
24,650
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 9
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
7.0 References
Consolidated Buffer Mitigation Rule - 15A NCAC 02B .0295 (Published November 17, 2014)
National Drought Mitigation Center, Hegewisch, K.C., Abatzoglou, J.T., McEvoy, D., Chedwiggen, O.,
Nijssen, B., and Huntington, J.L..' Historical Water Watcher' web tool. Climate Toolbox
(https://climatetoolbox.org/) accessed on [2021-11-17].
Lee, M.T., R.K. Peet, SD. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation.
Version 4.2. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecosystem
Enhancement Program. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Neuse River Nutrient Sensitive Waters Management Strategy 15A NCAC 2B .0233,
15A NCAC 02B .0240, and 15A NCAC 02B .0295
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina: Third
Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation, NC
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Schafale, M. P. and Weakley, 2012. A Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Fourth
Approximation.
USDA, Soil Conservation Service, 1974. Soil Survey of Pitt County, NC.
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Page 10
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021 Restoration Systems, LLC
Appendix A: General Figures and Tables
Figure 1
- Parcel Location / Service Area
Figures 2, 2A-B - Current Conditions Plan View
Figures 3, 3A-B - Credit Determination
Table 1 -
Project Components and Mitigation Credits
Table 2 -
Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3 -
Project Contact
Table 4 -
Project Baseline Information and Attributes
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix A: General Figures and Tables
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
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Table 2. Proiect Activity and Reporting History
Activity / Milestone
BPDP Proposed Date
Actual Date
BPDP Approved
NA
January 23, 2020
Parcel Protection
Q1 2020
March 19, 2020
Easement Transfer to Third Party
By Yr. 4 Monitoring (2023)
On schedule
Soil preparation
Q1 2020
March 2020
Removal of Powerline/Pole
Q1 2020
May 2019
Planting
Q1 2020
March 12,2020
As -Built Data Collection
Q1 2020
March 18th — 26, 2020
As -Built Report Submittal
Q2 2020
July 2020
Year 1 Monitoring
Q4 2020
December 2020
Year 2 Monitoring
Q4 2021
November 2021
Year 3-5 Monitoring
Q4 2022 - 2024
On schedule
Table 3: Project Contact
Firm
POC & Address
Full Delivery Provider
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Restoration Systems, LLC
POC: Raymond Holz
Designer/Permitting
919.755.9490
Planting Contractor
Josh Merritt: 919.755.9490
Restoration Systems, LLC
Matthew Harrell: 919.755.9490
Seeding Contractor
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Nursery Stock Suppliers:
ArborGen
1.888.888.7158
Baseline Data Collection
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Grant Lewis; 919.215.1693
218 Snow Ave. Raleigh, NC 27603
Vegetation Monitoring:
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Grant Lewis; 919.215.1693
218 Snow Ave. Raleigh, NC 27603
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix A: General Figures and Tables
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
Table 4: Proiect Baseline Information & Attributes
Project Information
Project Name
GUC
County
Pitt
Project Area (acres)
97.14
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude)
35.6031942N,-77.2945092W (NAD83/WGS84)
Project Watershed Summary Information
Physiographic Province
Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain
River Basin
Tar -Pamlico
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit
03020103
USGS Hydrologic Unit14-digit
03020103070030
DWR Sub -basin
03-03-05
Project Drainage Area, Total Outfall (acres)
975
Project Drainage Area Percentage of
Impervious Area
5%
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix A: General Figures and Tables
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
Appendix B: Baseline Vegetation Data, CVS Output Tables
Table 5 —Total and Planted Stems by Plot and Species
Vegetation Plot Photos
MY2 (2021) Planted Stem Height Data
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Baseline Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
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GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
Plot 5
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GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
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GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
I Plot 20 1
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report —November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
Plot 26
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Plot 28
FINK IW'T
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY1 Monitoring Report —November 2020
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
Plot 42
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iv
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report —November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report —November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report —November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
GUC
MY2 (2021) Vegetation Monitoring Photographs (taken September and October 2021)
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix B: Vegetation Data, CVS Output Table
MY2 Monitoring Report — November 2021
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
1
Quercus
3.0
4.9
15
1
Quercus michauxii
6.8
1.7
25
1
Prunus serotina
9.2
3.6
30
1
Quercus
9.7
7.3
48
1
Quercus
8.2
8.3
56
1
Quercus
3.6
8.3
65
1
Prunus serotina
0.8
8.7
51
1
Quercus
0.6
6.6
15
1
Unknown
8.0
2.8
53
2
Frangula caroliniana
4.5
1.3
40
2
Quercus
4.2
7.9
15
2
Quercus
6.7
4.6
56
3
Prunus serotina
4.0
3.1
44
3
Prunus serotina
6.5
2.2
57
3
Prunus serotina
8.6
1.1
32
3
Unknown
3.8
4.6
33
3
Unknown
6.7
8.2
31
3
Unknown
9.3
3.9
50
4
Quercus rubra
0.1
1.2
60
4
Quercus
2.9
1.5
25
4
Quercus
5.5
1.3
15
4
Quercus
8.1
1.4
10
4
Betula nigra
1.0
7.9
41
5
Prunus serotina
3.0
1.1
30
5
Prunus serotina
1.9
3.7
25
5
Prunus serotina
5.1
3.9
40
5
Prunus serotina
5.7
1.1
45
5
Prunus serotina
8.5
0.9
40
5
Prunus serotina
8.1
3.8
20
5
Diospyros virginiana
9.3
6.8
17
5
Crataegus marshallii
6.3
6.6
65
5
Crataegus marshallii
3.9
6.6
40
5
Crataegus marshallii
1.4
9.3
48
5
Celtis occidentalis
1.1
6.4
44
5
Unknown
6.1
4.3
49
5
Unknown
9.8
4.4
51
5
Unknown
0.9
8.1
40
6
Quercus
4.2
3.9
34
6
Quercus
5.1
1.1
10
6
Betula nigra
6.2
7.9
31
6
Quercus
3.1
9.3
68
6
Quercus
3.5
6.5
39
6
Quercus rubra
0.1
6.5
50
6
Cercis canadensis
4.7
8.7
33
6
Unknown
10.0
4.4
49
6
Quercus
3.1
9.3
42
6
Quercus
3.5
6.5
41
7
Quercus phellos
7.1
1.1
23
7
Quercus rubra
9.9
2.5
20
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
7
Quercus
9.1
5.2
24
7
Quercus phellos
6.2
6.6
34
7
Cercis canadensis
6.9
9.0
32
7
Platanus occidentalis
4.5
6.0
25
7
Quercus
0.9
4.3
10
8
Quercus lyrata
2.3
3.7
27
8
Quercus rubra
7.0
4.4
29
8
Quercus phellos
9.6
9.8
12
8
Quercus
7.0
8.9
46
8
Quercus
4.4
8.4
85
8
Quercus rubra
0.6
5.7
82
8
Ulmus americana
5.3
0.3
31
9
Malus angustifolia
1.2
2.0
20
9
Quercus rubra
4.9
0.0
30
9
Prunus serotina
7.3
1 1.6
32
9
Quercus
8.3
2.4
44
9
Quercus
7.7
5.0
54
9
Quercus
7.6
7.5
58
9
Quercus
3.5
8.4
51
10
Quercus rubra
5.4
1.1
70
10
Cornus amomum
6.2
0.7
53
10
Celtis occidentalis
8.5
0.3
58
10
Celtis occidentalis
8.1
4.6
71
10
Quercus
8.2
9.1
39
10
Quercus
2.3
6.4
4
11
Malus angustifolia
1.9
0.1
62
11
Quercus
0.8
2.8
43
11
Quercus alba
5.4
3.9
52
11
Quercus
5.5
1.9
51
11
Betula nigra
6.6
1.7
72
11
Celtis occidentalis
6.4
4.5
42
11
Quercus rubra
8.5
2.5
45
11
Quercus rubra
1.1
9.4
48
11
Quercus
0.4
9.4
25
12
Malus angustifolia
4.6
0.2
21
12
Diospyros virginiana
4.7
4.8
20
12
Platanus occidentalis
5.6
3.7
190
1.1
12
Platanus occidentalis
5.5
0.4
150
0.5
12
Ulmus americana
7.8
0.1
59
12
Platanus occidentalis
9.1
5.2
165
0.7
12
Platanus occidentalis
5.5
6.3
140
0.2
12
Ulmus americana
6.8
7.7
50
12
Quercus alba
9.3
8.0
41
12
Platanus occidentalis
5.7
8.9
135
12
Quercus rubra
3.9
8.0
70
12
Unknown
7.8
5.1
55
12
Viburnum dentatum
1.8
8.6
25
12
Platanus occidentalis
3.9
3.9
56
13
Quercus
2.9
0.5
26
Plot
SCIENTIFIC NAME
X
y
Height (cm)
DBH
13
Diospyros virginiana
1.9
2.8
22
13
Viburnum dentatum
5.3
2.6
20
13
Quercus phellos
9.4
0.6
61
13
Cephalanthus occidentalis
8.0
4.9
37
13
Ulmus americana
5.6
6.8
60
13
Prunus serotina
8.9
9.9
70
13
Ulmus americana
9.6
9.5
31
13
Cornus amomum
5.8
9.4
72
13
Viburnum dentatum
3.3
7.0
32
13
Ulmus americana
1.9
8.9
39
13
Celtis occidentalis
7.6
6.1
70
14
Quercus laurifolia
3.2
1.3
61
14
Nyssa sylvatica
4.3
2.4
33
14
Celtis occidentalis
4.4
2.8
50
14
Quercus laurifolia
5.7
1.7
50
14
Prunus serotina
5.2
0.3
51
14
Quercus
8.7
6.1
58
14
Nyssa sylvatica
9.7
6.7
52
14
Nyssa sylvatica
7.2
6.5
68
14
Quercus
6.0
5.8
48
14
Prunus serotina
5.6
8.1
50
14
Diospyros virginiana
8.3
8.2
32
14
Nyssa sylvatica
3.1
7.7
15
14
Diospyros virginiana
8.3
0.6
49
15
Platanus occidentalis
6.5
3.0
58
15
Platanus occidentalis
8.8
1.1
101
15
Quercus alba
8.5
6.0
50
15
Unknown
2.9
2.4
38
15
Unknown
7.2
5.8
50
15
Unknown
2.0
8.6
15
15
Unknown
5.9
9.0
71
15
Unknown
9.2
8.8
32
16
Ulmus americana
1.9
5.9
41
16
Unknown
1.0
1.8
49
16
Unknown
3.4
1.9
35
16
Unknown
1.5
8.7
22
16
Unknown
7.2
6.0
38
16
Unknown
9.4
9.7
48
17
Unknown
4.0
7.6
70
17
Unknown
6.1
6.2
52
17
Unknown
9.6
1.1
53
18
Quercus lyrata
1.6
0.2
33
18
Platanus occidentalis
1.3
4.0
69
18
Platanus occidentalis
3.2
4.1
58
18
Platanus occidentalis
5.9
4.4
48
18
Quercus nigra
8.6
5.1
64
18
Betula nigra
1.8
7.0
60
18
Betula nigra
4.8
7.5
60
18
Quercus
4.5
8.2
51
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
19
Platanus occidentalis
1.0
0.2
48
19
Quercus
8.6
0.6
10
19
Unknown
9.4
3.9
64
20
Quercus rubra
9.8
8.0
51
20
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.7
4.3
49
20
Quercus
6.3
1.7
31
20
Unknown
4.6
8.2
104
20
Unknown
0.4
8.9
49
21
Liriodendron tulipifera
9.1
7.3
50
21
Betula nigra
6.4
1 7.4
81
21
Unknown
1.6
5.1
70
21
Unknown
9.7
0.5
35
21
Unknown
5.5
0.7
59
21
Unknown
1.7
0.6
51
22
Prunus serotina
3.4
1.5
55
22
Diospyros virginiana
3.4
3.6
45
22
Betula nigra
9.8
3.0
70
22
Betula nigra
8.9
8.4
80
22
Liriodendron tulipifera
6.2
9.0
35
22
Nyssa sylvatica
3.4
9.1
44
22
Unknown
1.0
9.8
17
22
Quercus
4.0
9.7
30
22
Quercus
7.1
9.5
31
22
Betula nigra
6.8
6.2
19
22
Unknown
1.5
6.2
44
23
Ulmus americana
0.1
3.7
50
23
Celtis occidentalis
7.9
6.2
55
23
Nyssa sylvatica
2.9
6.4
38
23
Quercus
0.2
9.4
56
23
Quercus
5.3
4.3
64
23
Quercus
8.0
4.1
55
23
Quercus
9.2
8.4
30
24
Quercus
2.5
2.1
33
24
Ulmus americana
8.6
1.8
25
24
Ulmus americana
9.1
4.2
0
24
Celtis occidentalis
9.0
9.3
42
24
Prunus serotina
5.9
9.8
44
24
Prunus serotina
6.2
6.6
46
24
Quercus rubra
3.4
7.2
38
24
Nyssa sylvatica
3.1
9.4
49
24
Unknown
3.6
3.7
73
24
Quercus
8.0
7.0
15
24
Unknown
4.5
7.5
67
24
Unknown
10.0
4.7
56
25
Quercus
2.0
2.3
36
25
Betula nigra
4.9
1.9
75
25
Betula nigra
4.2
4.6
41
25
Betula nigra
7.9
2.6
68
25
Betula nigra
1.6
5.1
20
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
25
Quercus alba
1.6
7.7
58
25
Betula nigra
4.5
7.8
36
25
Betula nigra
5.4
1.5
50
25
Quercus
1.0
1.3
49
25
Betula nigra
6.4
4.3
20
25
Quercus
5.6
9.4
81
25
Unknown
6.2
6.3
170
0.4
25
Quercus
0.6
8.0
57
25
Quercus
7.8
5.5
25
26
Betula nigra
1.7
1.3
71
26
Liriodendron tulipifera
8.7
1.7
20
26
Celtis occidentalis
9.1
8.8
41
26
Celtis occidentalis
6.5
8.8
36
26
Ulmus americana
3.6
8.8
47
26
Quercus phellos
0.4
8.6
45
26
Quercus lyrata
2.7
5.3
50
26
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.5
1.4
26
26
Celtis occidentalis
0.9
1.0
75
26
Quercus phellos
6.3
3.4
39
26
Unknown
2.0
8.7
49
27
Platanus occidentalis
2.5
0.8
80
27
Platanus occidentalis
6.0
0.6
95
27
Platanus occidentalis
6.6
4.2
97
27
Quercus
8.9
2.4
62
27
Platanus occidentalis
6.7
7.0
78
27
Ulmus americana
8.5
9.4
46
27
Platanus occidentalis
2.2
6.7
82
27
Ulmus americana
8.6
5.7
34
27
Platanus occidentalis
3.8
4.0
122
28
Celtis occidentalis
4.0
2.4
48
28
Quercus michauxii
8.3
0.0
64
28
Celtis occidentalis
3.6
5.6
40
28
Unknown
6.5
8.4
40
28
Unknown
3.3
8.0
15
28
Unknown
5.4
0.5
49
29
Morus rubra
1.0
3.2
28
29
Cercis canadensis
3.7
2.0
35
29
Celtis occidentalis
3.5
1.1
49
29
Morus rubra
4.5
3.6
40
29
Nyssa sylvatica
7.9
0.0
42
29
Malus angustifolia
5.6
0.5
1 70
29
Morus rubra
0.8
6.1
28
29
Nyssa sylvatica
0.2
8.9
14
30
Ulmus
0.6
1.5
34
30
Morus rubra
8.2
0.5
25
30
Quercus
7.9
3.3
62
31
Celtis
0.8
2.9
0
31
Quercus michauxii
3.1
3.6
76
31
Quercus
0.3
0.9
0
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
31
Quercus michauxii
0.3
3.7
61
31
Diospyros virginiana
2.6
6.0
0
31
Prunus serotina
5.3
0.3
0
31
Quercus lyrata
8.1
0.8
31
31
Quercus nigra
8.8
3.2
0
31
Quercus nigra
8.5
5.4
0
31
Prunus serotina
6.0
5.6
29
31
Unknown
9.1
4.3
0
31
Quercus
0.3
9.0
29
31
Prunus serotina
9.0
9.2
0
31
Quercus
0.7
6.7
0
32
Crataegus marshallii
5.0
4.1
48
32
Ulmus americana
7.0
1.4
25
32
Ulmus americana
7.3
3.7
34
32
Ulmus americana
9.3
3.0
17
32
Crataegus marshallii
5.8
9.8
52
32
Ulmus americana
5.1
6.9
26
32
Ulmus americana
0.5
9.8
50
32
Ulmus americana
4.5
1.5
53
32
Quercus michauxii
2.1
6.1
38
33
Quercus lyrata
5.6
2.5
0
33
Quercus nigra
6.9
5.4
45
33
Malus angustifolia
9.9
9.4
0
33
Malus angustifolia
6.3
9.4
60
33
Quercus michauxii
3.6
5.7
51
33
Betula nigra
2.1
9.4
72
33
Quercus nigra
0.2
6.9
0
33
Crataegus
5.0
4.9
75
34
Malus angustifolia
4.0
2.9
52
34
Quercus nigra
6.7
3.0
62
34
Malus angustifolia
6.7
6.3
42
34
Quercus nigra
9.9
6.8
34
34
Unknown
7.6
10.0
72
34
Quercus
1.7
2.7
58
34
Quercus
0.7
5.5
33
3
Quercus
4.7
5.0
68
34
Unknown
6.7
8.5
45
35
Quercus lyrata
9.2
5.8
40
35
Quercus lyrata
7.6
8.3
99
35
Quercus
5.6
7.3
38
36
Cercis canadensis
8.8
3.9
38
36
Cercis canadensis
7.8
6.8
38
36
Crataegus marshallii
5.0
6.0
40
36
Quercus
6.7
9.4
40
36
Quercus nigra
8.3
9.9
38
36
Celtis occidentalis
5.4
10.0
10
36
Betula nigra
0.6
6.4
88
37
Morus rubra
1.0
4.5
50
37
Morus rubra
3.3
4.5
60
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
37
Quercus
7.2
1.0
25
37
Quercus
9.4
1.1
42
37
Morus rubra
9.4
4.6
71
37
Morus rubra
6.7
4.3
45
37
Quercus michauxii
8.3
7.2
60
37
Diospyros virginiana
1.5
10.0
21
37
Diospyros virginiana
1.1
4.4
73
38
Morus rubra
2.3
1.7
20
38
Quercus rubra
9.2
9.8
42
38
Betula nigra
4.0
1 0.6
53
38
Betula nigra
7.7
3.1
10
38
Quercus phellos
7.2
6.2
25
39
Nyssa sylvatica
1.5
0.0
35
39
Quercus rubra
0.0
4.9
43
39
Prunus serotina
4.8
0.8
109
39
Celtis
3.1
5.4
12
39
Morus rubra
7.1
2.5
48
39
Betula nigra
6.9
0.0
84
39
Celtis occidentalis
9.6
0.5
53
39
Morus rubra
7.7
5.8
45
39
Celtis occidentalis
10.0
5.9
32
39
Prunus serotina
5.8
8.2
28
39
Morus rubra
7.9
8.9
37
39
Nyssa sylvatica
2.5
9.4
20
40
Quercus rubra
3.5
1.3
8
40
Prunus serotina
0.4
3.0
40
40
Ulmus americana
6.6
1.2
38
40
Ulmus americana
6.9
3.2
33
40
Ulmus americana
6.5
5.9
20
40
Ulmus americana
6.7
8.0
36
40
Quercus
6.9
9.8
41
40
Quercus rubra
3.2
6.6
23
40
Prunus serotina
0.4
7.8
1 35
40
Unknown
5.1
3.2
15
41
Ulmus americana
5.0
1.8
37
41
Ulmus americana
4.7
3.8
25
41
Quercus phellos
9.5
4.1
10
41
Quercus phellos
9.5
6.4
43
41
Quercus phellos
9.1
9.2
65
41
Betula nigra
3.7
8.6
72
41
Morus rubra
1.1
3.5
13
41
Liriodendron tulipifera
4.5
3.9
60
42
Platanus occidentalis
1.5
0.7
168
0.4
42
Quercus
9.6
3.0
4
42
Quercus
8.9
5.4
4
43
Quercus bicolor
2.4
0.2
28
43
Quercus bicolor
2.2
2.3
43
43
Quercus bicolor
2.3
4.1
31
43
Quercus rubra
7.4
2.1
28
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X Y Height (cm) DBH
43
Quercus
7.3
4.4
41
43
Quercus rubra
7.3
9.2
32
43
Quercus rubra
5.1
7.5
3
43
Quercus michauxii
2.1
8.8
38
44
Prunus serotina
6.7
1.9
43
44
Platanus occidentalis
2.6
2.7
63
44
Prunus serotina
9.1
9.2
58
44
Prunus serotina
4.7
8.3
66
44
Platanus occidentalis
2.4
8.7
33
45
Prunus serotina
3.1
1.9
32
45
Quercus
0.7
0.6
40
45
Cornus amomum
3.9
4.0
54
45
Cornus amomum
5.3
1.7
15
45
Quercus
6.8
5.4
41
45
Prunus serotina
8.6
7.8
33
45
Prunus serotina
7.1
9.5
66
45
Prunus serotina
3.9
9.6
55
45
Cornus amomum
1.2
8.1
62
45
Cornus amomum
2.5
6.1
45
45
Quercus michauxii
0.3
5.9
68
45
Unknown
7.1
5.6
18
45
Quercus
4.8
9.9
42
46
Cornus amomum
2.6
3.7
52
46
Liriodendron tulipifera
7.6
5.8
63
46
Quercus
5.3
5.3
41
46
Cornus amomum
2.6
6.3
33
46
Cornus amomum
2.7
8.4
36
46
Liriodendron tulipifera
6.9
8.3
20
47
Betula nigra
1.2
2.7
81
47
Quercus rubra
3.8
2.1
27
47
Quercus rubra
3.8
4.8
25
47
Platanus occidentalis
6.4
2.6
165
0.3
47
Quercus phellos
9.1
1.0
29
47
Quercus
8.9
3.4
34
47
Quercus phellos
8.8
5.9
37
47
Platanus occidentalis
5.8
7.9
89
47
Platanus occidentalis
6.0
5.7
126
47
Quercus
3.4
9.8
18
47
Betula nigra
1.1
5.3
76
47
Betula nigra
5.8
2.3
68
47
Platanus occidentalis
5.4
10.0
31
48
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.1
0.5
12
48
Quercus michauxii
4.8
2.2
61
48
Quercus
4.6
5.0
58
48
Quercus nigra
7.2
1.7
41
48
Quercus rubra
7.4
4.5
50
48
Quercus rubra
9.7
2.3
39
48
Quercus rubra
10.0
5.2
37
48
Quercus
9.9
7.9
34
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
48
Quercus rubra
7.3
7.2
51
48
Quercus
7.6
9.8
47
48
Quercus
4.9
9.9
59
48
Quercus
4.8
7.3
28
48
Liriodendron tulipifera
1.9
5.5
31
48
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.1
2.7
15
49
Betula nigra
4.9
2.9
10
49
Nyssa sylvatica
2.2
5.8
22
49
Nyssa sylvatica
1.5
9.4
10
50
Betula nigra
3.2
1 1.1
57
50
Betula nigra
3.0
3.3
63
50
Quercus nigra
5.8
0.7
35
50
Quercus bicolor
9.9
4.2
50
50
Quercus rubra
7.4
6.2
44
50
Quercus
9.5
6.5
35
50
Quercus
9.3
8.9
52
50
Quercus rubra
7.3
8.8
38
50
Quercus rubra
5.0
6.0
44
50
Quercus rubra
4.8
8.5
41
50
Betula nigra
2.7
5.8
54
50
Betula nigra
5.2
5.0
51
51
Quercus
4.2
1.5
75
51
Quercus
3.7
3.6
59
51
Quercus
6.8
0.5
45
51
Quercus
6.6
3.3
87
51
Quercus
9.2
1.3
50
51
Ulmus americana
8.5
7.3
35
51
Ulmus americana
8.4
10.0
41
51
Quercus
6.0
5.9
74
51
Quercus
5.9
8.6
41
51
Quercus
3.3
6.0
62
51
Quercus michauxii
0.6
7.9
10
51
Quercus phellos
1.9
1.8
65
51
Betula nigra
5.3
4.4
77
51
Liriodendron tulipifera
9.0
4.8
47
52
Ulmus americana
9.0
4.2
21
52
Betula nigra
8.9
0.8
58
52
Quercus
1.7
9.7
30
52
Quercus
3.0
4.8
32
53
Ulmus americana
1.3
3.6
22
53
Betula nigra
3.8
0.7
54
53
Betula nigra
3.7
2.9
67
53
Quercus michauxii
6.7
0.4
58
53
Ulmus americana
6.3
2.8
47
53
Quercus rubra
9.4
3.0
41
53
Ulmus americana
6.3
5.6
28
53
Ulmus americana
6.5
8.2
37
53
Betula nigra
3.7
8.2
44
54
Morus rubra
1.1
1.2
42
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
54
Morus rubra
1.2
3.9
45
54
Celtis occidentalis
6.9
2.5
53
54
Celtis occidentalis
9.7
1.2
30
54
Ulmus americana
9.3
3.7
29
54
Betula nigra
6.5
4.9
59
54
Betula nigra
6.6
7.3
78
54
Betula nigra
6.1
9.6
77
54
Betula nigra
8.9
3.5
48
54
Betula nigra
8.9
3.5
48
54
Ulmus americana
5.0
4.9
20
54
Liriodendron tulipifera
8.6
9.8
59
55
Nyssa sylvatica
8.7
0.5
20
55
Platanus occidentalis
9.2
6.0
142
0.2
55
Quercus bicolor
7.1
5.7
20
55
Quercus bicolor
0.8
8.3
21
55
Platanus occidentalis
3.3
8.4
65
55
Liriodendron tulipifera
0.4
3.8
60
55
Quercus
6.5
1.7
40
56
Quercus
2.1
1.3
35
56
Quercus
4.5
1.0
59
56
Quercus rubra
2.7
3.8
41
56
Quercus
6.7
0.8
55
56
Ulmus americana
9.4
0.9
32
56
Quercus
9.2
3.8
55
56
Platanus occidentalis
9.6
6.2
105
56
Platanus occidentalis
7.7
6.2
75
56
Platanus occidentalis
5.6
6.3
125
56
Quercus
5.0
8.9
66
56
Platanus occidentalis
3.4
6.2
105
56
Quercus
1.0
6.1
51
56
Quercus pagoda
0.5
8.4
72
57
Quercus
1.6
2.0
68
57
Ulmus americana
4.4
0.2
51
57
Quercus
3.8
2.4
45
57
Platanus occidentalis
3.3
4.9
136
57
Platanus occidentalis
0.8
4.2
145
0.3
57
Quercus
6.0
2.5
29
57
Quercus
8.2
2.8
39
57
Platanus occidentalis
8.2
5.6
119
57
Platanus occidentalis
5.8
5.5
113
57
Betula nigra
6.6
8.4
60
57
Betula nigra
1.9
7.6
58
57
Quercus
1.0
0.7
64
57
Quercus
6.4
0.3
62
58
Celtis occidentalis
4.3
0.6
61
58
Platanus occidentalis
4.5
2.8
90
58
Platanus occidentalis
2.1
3.3
35
58
Platanus occidentalis
7.1
2.9
143
0.3
58
Platanus occidentalis
9.3
2.8
109
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
58
Platanus occidentalis
10.0
0.4
82
58
Nyssa sylvatica
9.1
5.5
40
58
Betula nigra
5.6
7.0
70
58
Betula nigra
3.3
8.4
81
58
Nyssa sylvatica
4.6
5.7
45
58
Betula nigra
0.9
8.9
55
58
Quercus phellos
4.4
3.0
50
59
Prunus serotina
1.8
1.9
42
59
Quercus phellos
4.6
1.5
46
59
Quercus
1.6
4.9
75
59
Quercus
7.0
4.0
51
59
Quercus laurifolia
7.3
1.2
61
59
Quercus
9.8
1.0
76
59
Liriodendron tulipifera
8.2
6.4
60
59
Quercus rubra
8.1
9.0
32
59
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.4
9.5
25
59
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.5
7.4
75
59
Nyssa sylvatica
5.8
1.1
41
59
Quercus phellos
4.2
3.9
59
59
Quercus phellos
6.4
9.5
59
60
Platanus occidentalis
4.7
8.3
50
60
Betula nigra
1.0
5.0
40
60
Quercus
2.5
8.4
46
60
Betula nigra
5.3
7.1
87
60
Quercus
9.8
7.8
79
61
Ulmus americana
2.2
1.9
50
61
Ulmus americana
4.9
2.0
45
61
Ulmus americana
7.1
1.3
40
61
Ulmus americana
9.6
1.1
36
61
Platanus occidentalis
8.3
7.7
58
61
Quercus
9.2
7.7
22
61
Quercus michauxii
6.4
7.6
38
61
Quercus michauxii
2.7
8.0
52
61
Quercus bicolor
2.4
9.1
16
61
Diospyros virginiana
0.8
5.0
30
62
Quercus
4.2
3.4
4
62
Morus rubra
8.3
5.3
15
62
Platanus occidentalis
7.3
7.1
46
62
Quercus
4.6
8.7
10
62
Prunus serotina
2.4
9.7
30
62
Cercis canadensis
0.6
7.0
35
62
Quercus
2.6
7.6
10
62
Unknown
8.5
5.7
45
63
Quercus phellos
0.3
1.3
30
63
Morus rubra
4.5
3.8
25
63
Quercus phellos
7.9
1.1
15
63
Morus rubra
9.5
3.7
16
63
Quercus rubra
7.1
3.6
20
63
Betula nigra
8.3
6.6
65
63
Betula nigra
1 6.1
6.8
55
Plot SCIENTIFIC NAME X y Height (cm) DBH
63
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.2
9.5
30
63
Betula nigra
3.7
6.6
105
63
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.1
8.8
30
63
Betula nigra
1.2
6.0
85
63
Nyssa sylvatica
2.6
4.5
10
63
Unknown
8.3
7.5
3
63
Unknown
1.1
7.9
17
63
Quercus
3.2
9.9
28
64
Betula nigra
0.2
2.2
60
64
Betula nigra
2.6
1 1.6
69
64
Quercus
4.7
4.5
62
64
Quercus
2.2
4.4
48
64
Betula nigra
5.5
1.7
80
64
Betula nigra
8.5
3.9
56
64
Quercus rubra
7.6
5.0
52
64
Malus angustifolia
5.3
6.7
69
64
Platanus occidentalis
7.2
7.8
180
0.2
64
Quercus michauxii
9.2
6.9
49
64
Malus angustifolia
3.0
6.9
78
64
Cephalanthus occidentalis
2.3
1 6.1
30
64
Platanus occidentalis
3.3
1.6
50
64
Quercus
7.5
9.9
55
65
Quercus nigra
2.9
4.5
45
65
Quercus
2.3
0.7
32
65
Betula nigra
5.8
1.4
62
65
Betula nigra
8.7
1.2
95
65
Crataegus marshallii
10.0
4.4
57
65
Quercus
9.0
9.3
25
65
Betula nigra
0.8
6.4
75
65
Liriodendron tulipifera
4.9
0.7
59
65
Betula nigra
9.8
4.3
62
66
Quercus rubra
6.1
4.8
39
66
Quercus rubra
7.1
7.9
20
66
Quercus
4.1
7.9
25
66
Liriodendron tulipifera
0.1
7.7
62
66
Betula nigra
6.5
1.5
77
67
Quercus
3.6
1.2
65
67
Quercus
5.5
3.5
122
67
Quercus
6.2
0.9
110
67
Quercus phellos
9.0
3.5
80
67
Quercus
8.9
0.9
75
67
Quercus
9.5
6.2
65
67
Quercus
7.1
6.1
60
67
Quercus
9.2
9.0
70
67
Quercus
6.5
9.0
50
67
Quercus
4.1
6.0
85
67
Quercus phellos
1.5
5.8
120
68
Quercus alba
2.7
2.9
65
68
Quercus pagoda
8.9
3.0
58
Plot
SCIENTIFIC NAME
X
y
Height (cm)
DBH
68
Cornus amomum
9.0
5.7
62
68
Prunus serotina
8.6
8.8
51
68
Prunus serotina
5.3
9.7
55
68
Quercus alba
2.7
5.4
48
68
Quercus lyrata
3.0
0.9
32
68
Prunus serotina
5.2
9.7
28
69
Liriodendron tulipifera
1.7
2.0
40
69
Liriodendron tulipifera
1.2
4.4
52
69
Quercus
8.3
1.2
69
69
Liriodendron tulipifera
8.0
4.4
50
69
Diospyros virginiana
7.9
7.6
69
69
Quercus
0.5
9.7
42
69
Cercis canadensis
5.5
0.5
10
69
Cercis canadensis
5.2
3.3
22
69
Cercis canadensis
4.8
6.1
52
69
Quercus alba
0.7
0.1
57
70
Quercus michauxii
8.5
7.9
52
70
Quercus
0.7
1.1
15
70
Quercus
4.3
1.4
15
70
Quercus
7.0
0.5
10
70
Quercus
6.4
6.1
37
70
Ulmus americana
3.3
8.4
21
70
Nyssa sylvatica
0.1
6.2
61
70
Cercis canadensis
3.6
4.9
62
71
Crataegus marshallii
8.8
2.8
35
71
Crataegus marshallii
7.9
9.3
32
71
Crataegus marshallii
7.8
6.3
65
71
Quercus
1.3
6.6
50
71
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.1
0.3
60
71
Liriodendron tulipifera
7.3
9.6
54
71
Quercus
4.4
9.0
69
72
Crataegus marshallii
9.1
1.2
38
72
Betula nigra
3.1
2.2
40
72
Liriodendron tulipifera
9.6
6.2
67
72
Diospyros virginiana
2.0
8.4
69
72
Morus rubra
2.1
6.6
11
73
Betula nigra
4.4
4.5
69
73
Celtis occidentalis
4.6
9.2
8
73
Cornus amomum
1.6
9.6
45
73
Quercus lyrata
1.9
0.3
69
73
Ulmus americana
4.8
2.6
9
73
Quercus phellos
0.1
9.0
51
73
Quercus
6.9
5.3
80
73
Quercus
6.5
2.2
69
73
Quercus phellos
9.7
0.9
55
74
Celtis occidentalis
0.4
0.4
22
74
Viburnum dentatum
4.9
2.6
62
74
Betula nigra
0.0
5.2
58
74
Ulmus americana
5.7
0.3
30
74
Ulmus americana
1.3
9.3
62
Plot
SCIENTIFIC NAME
X
y
Height (cm)
DBH
74
Quercus phellos
1.3
0.3
55
74
Celtis occidentalis
1.4
3.9
53
74
Quercus
3.0
3.4
69
74
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.9
5.6
55
74
Liriodendron tulipifera
4.3
9.4
54
74
Quercus phellos
8.6
8.5
57
74
Quercus nigra
1.3
4.7
30
75
Betula nigra
0.7
0.7
90
75
Quercus lyrata
5.7
2.3
69
75
Quercus michauxii
9.1
2.2
60
75
Quercus
8.9
4.4
94
75
Quercus michauxii
8.4
7.1
22
75
Quercus
8.3
10.0
82
75
Cercis canadensis
5.3
5.9
35
75
Betula nigra
5.0
8.6
140
0.1
75
Quercus lyrata
1.8
5.9
69
75
Betula nigra
0.0
6.1
90
76
Quercus
2.2
2.7
52
76
Quercus
5.0
2.3
82
76
Ulmus americana
2.6
4.6
50
76
Quercus
9.5
2.5
52
76
Quercus
8.7
5.5
60
76
Quercus michauxii
5.8
4.9
23
76
Castanea pumila
5.8
9.4
47
76
Betula nigra
8.2
9.7
82
76
Betula nigra
3.3
9.0
65
76
Betula nigra
0.1
8.9
102
77
Prunus serotina
2.9
2.7
60
77
Quercus
0.1
3.4
52
77
Betula nigra
3.6
2.9
40
77
Quercus
0.2
6.4
42
78
Malus angustifolia
0.9
2.6
45
78
Quercus
1.6
6.8
20
78
Quercus
1.4
7.0
42
78
Quercus
0.2
8.5
61
78
Quercus
4.3
9.1
32
78
Quercus
5.0
4.8
42
78
Quercus
5.0
5.3
55
78
Quercus
6.7
0.2
80
78
Platanus occidentalis
8.7
8.8
10
79
Platanus occidentalis
6.3
9.6
30
79
Quercus
10.0
8.3
48
79
Quercus pagoda
8.7
6.8
42
79
Quercus
3.9
5.3
52
79
Prunus serotina
3.6
1.7
8
79
Cercis canadensis
1.2
8.9
20
79
Platanus occidentalis
9.8
2.1
105
79
Quercus
7.9
5.3
69
79
Liriodendron tulipifera
2.6
9.5
60
80
Platanus occidentalis
1.9
0.6
15
Plot
SCIENTIFIC NAME
X
y
Height (cm)
DBH
80
Quercus
1.0
2.1
62
80
Malus angustifolia
2.2
4.7
50
80
Quercus
4.4
2.3
40
80
Nyssa sylvatica
4.4
1.0
10
80
Liriodendron tulipifera
5.2
2.9
5
80
Quercus
6.1
1.3
32
80
Quercus
7.9
0.6
30
80
Quercus rubra
9.1
5.8
25
80
Cornus amomum
2.3
8.8
60
80
Crataegus marshallii
1.0
5.6
23
80
Quercus
4.8
5.4
45
80
Quercus phellos
1.4
1.6
15
80
Quercus
5.1
1.1
8
81
Quercus rubra
0.2
3.3
40
81
Quercus
2.5
4.6
25
81
Liriodendron tulipifera
3.6
3.9
30
81
Celtis occidentalis
5.3
2.8
20
81
Platanus occidentalis
7.4
3.6
5
81
Quercus rubra
8.9
2.7
10
81
Quercus lyrata
8.7
9.0
55
81
Unknown
7.1
4.0
21
81
Platanus occidentalis
6.4
8.8
69
82
Platanus occidentalis
0.7
4.8
142
0.2
82
Betula nigra
2.5
4.6
84
82
Platanus occidentalis
3.5
4.6
132
82
Platanus occidentalis
6.4
5.0
62
82
Betula nigra
9.6
6.1
42
82
Crataegus marshallii
6.1
8.9
60
82
Nyssa sylvatica
4.6
6.8
42
82
Celtis occidentalis
2.3
8.1
69
83
Quercus
5.7
2.8
60
83
Platanus occidentalis
8.4
7.9
111
83
Quercus phellos
4.6
7.6
50
83
Quercus rubra
6.9
9.0
55
83
Quercus rubra
4.9
7.2
50
85
Diospyros virginiana
8.0
8.3
80
85
Quercus nigra
8.3
9.5
10
86
Quercus
2.4
3.1
51
86
Quercus rubra
3.5
8.6
10
86
Diospyros virginiana
8.4
5.2
60
86
Quercus lyrata
5.1
2.8
50
86
Cornus amomum
8.8
9.4
35
86
Quercus rubra
4.3
7.2
45
87
Morus rubra
4.1
0.3
70
87
Quercus
9.0
5.3
32
87
Quercus
6.5
6.5
54
87
Quercus phellos
6.9
9.6
42
87
Quercus phellos
6.4
2.9
10
87
Quercus phellos
6.9
9.0
10
87
Quercus
2.7
8.9
5
Appendix C: Additional Data
2021 Adaptive Management Figure + Transect Data
2021 Soil Test Results
Rainfall and Drought Data
GUC Nutrient Offset and Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel Appendix E: 2021 Adaptive Management Figure
MY2 Monitoring Report— November 2021
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DO
D1
Pastures are dry; mild crop stress is noted; irrigation increases
Lawns are brown
Crap stress increases
Hay production is reduced; producers feed hay to cattle early
Wildfire danger is higher than the seasonal normal
Increased signs of wildlife; trees and landscape are drought stressed
Streamflow is reduced; lake and reservoirs levels decline
Voluntary water conservation begins
Dryiand crop yields are low
Wildfires are difficult to extinguish
Swimming areas and boat ramps begin to close
Voluntary and mandatary water use restrictions are implemented, people are asked to refrain from nonessential
water use
Hay is scarce, producers are purchasing outside of state; nitrate levels in forage are high
Outdoor burn bans are implemented; wildfires are widespread
Landscaping and greenhouse businesses lose revenue
Aquatic wildlife is dying; fewer trout are stocked
Hydropower generation decreases
Voluntary conservation is requested even in sufficient water level areas; mandatory restrictions become more
severe and fines are given to violators; stream levels are extremely low
Producers sell cattle; hay shortages and crop loss occur; farmers are stressed
Daily life is affected for all citizens; people pray for rain; drought education seminars increase
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease is widespread in deer
Reservoirs are low; officials are counting the days of remaining water supply; well water is law; residents are hauling
water