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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20211268 Ver 1_Email_20211012FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 1 NC WAM WETLAND ASSESSMENT FORM 2 Accompanies User Manual Version 4.1 3 Rating Calculator Version 4.1 4 Wetland Site NameDate Alexander Farms09/19/2018 5 Wetland TypeAssessor Name/Organization Mary K Murray/Terracon 6 Level III EcoregionNearest Named Water Body McDowell Creek 7 River BasinUSGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit 03050101 8 YesNoPrecipitation within 48 hrs?Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees) 35.463067, -80.886457 9 10 Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area) 11 Please circle and/or make note on last page if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if 12 appropriate, in recent past (for instance, approximately within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited 13 to the following. 14 •Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.) 15 •Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby 16 septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.) 17 •Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.) 18 •Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.) 19 20 Is the assessment area intensively managed? YesNo 21 22 Regulatory Considerations (select all that apply to the assessment area) 23 Anadromous fish 24 Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species 25 NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect 26 Abuts a Primary Nursery Area (PNA) 27 Publicly owned property 28 N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer) 29 Abuts a stream with a NCDWQ classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout 30 Designated NCNHP reference community 31 Abuts a 303(d)-listed stream or a tributary to a 303(d)-listed stream 32 33 What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (check all that apply) 34 Blackwater 35 Brownwater 36 Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes)Lunar LunarWindBoth 37 38 Is the assessment area on a coastal island? YesNo 39 40 Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? Yes 41 42 Does the assessment area experience overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions? YesNo 43 44 1.Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition – assessment area condition metric 45 Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure 46 (VS) in the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, 47 then rate the assessment area based on evidence of an effect. 48 GSVS 49 AANot severely altered 50 BBSeverely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive 51 sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure 52 alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion \[where appropriate\], exotic species, grazing, 53 less diversity \[if appropriate\], hydrologic alteration) 54 55 2.Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration – assessment area condition metric 56 Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and 57 duration (Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for 58 North Carolina hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch 59 ≤ 1 foot deep is considered to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and ditch 60 sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding regime, if applicable. 61 SurfSub 62 AAWater storage capacity and duration are not altered. 63 BBWater storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation). 64 CCWater storage capacity or duration are substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation 65 change) (examples: draining, flooding, soil compaction, filling, excessive sedimentation, underground utility lines). 66 67 3.Water Storage/Surface Relief – assessment area/wetland type condition metric (answer for non-marsh wetlands only) 68 Check a box in each column for each group below . Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 69 type (WT). 70 AAWT 71 3a.AAMajority of wetland with depressions able to pond water > 1 foot deep 72 BBMajority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep 73 CCMajority of wetland with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep 74 DDDepressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep 75 76 3b.AEvidence that maximum depth of inundation is greater than 2 feet 77 BEvidence that maximum depth of inundation is between 1 and 2 feet 78 CEvidence that maximum depth of inundation is less than 1 foot 79 FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 80 4.Soil Texture/Structure – assessment area condition metric 81 Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape 82 feature. Make soil observations within the 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for 83 regional indicators. 84 4a.ASandy soil 85 BLoamy or clayey soils exhibiting redoximorphic features (concentrations, depletions, or rhizospheres) 86 CLoamy or clayey soils not exhibiting redoximorphic features 87 DLoamy or clayey gleyed soil 88 EHistosol or histic epipedon 89 90 4b.ASoil ribbon < 1 inch 91 BSoil ribbon ≥ 1 inch 92 93 4c.ANo peat or muck presence 94 BA peat or muck presence 95 96 5.Discharge into Wetland – opportunity metric 97 Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub). 98 Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc. 99 SurfSub 100 AALittle or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area 101 BBNoticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the 102 treatment capacity of the assessment area 103 CCNoticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and 104 potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive 105 sedimentation, odor) 106 107 6.Land Use – opportunity metric 108 Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources 109 draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the 110 assessment area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers 111 are considered to be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion. 112 WS5M2M 113 AAA≥ 10% impervious surfaces 114 BBB< 10% impervious surfaces 115 CCCConfined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants) 116 DDD≥ 20% coverage of pasture 117 EEE≥ 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) 118 FFF≥ 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb 119 GGG≥ 20% coverage of clear-cut land 120 HHHLittle or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations 121 that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area. 122 123 7.Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer – assessment area/wetland complex condition metric 124 7a.Is assessment area within 50 feet of a tributary or other open water? 125 YesNoIf Yes, continue to 7b. If No, skip to Metric 8. 126 Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of the wetland. 127 Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been removed or disturbed. 128 7b.How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is weltand? Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer. 129 A≥ 50 feet 130 BFrom 30 to < 50 feet 131 CFrom 15 to < 30 feet 132 DFrom 5 to < 15 feet 133 < 5 feet or buffer bypassed by ditches E 134 7c.Tributary width. If the tributary is anastomosed, combine widths of channels/braids for a total width. 135 ≤ 15-feet wide> 15-feet wideOther open water (no tributary present) 136 7d.Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the tributary/open water? 137 YesNo 138 7e.Is tributary or other open water sheltered or exposed? 139 Sheltered – adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic. 140 Exposed – adjacent open water with width ≥ 2500 feet or regular boat traffic. 141 142 8.Wetland Width at the Assessment Area – wetland type/wetland complex metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands only) 143 Check a box in each column. Select the average width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT) 144 and the wetland complex at the assessment areas (WC). See User Manual for WT and WC boundaries. 145 WTWC 146 AA≥ 100 feet 147 BBFrom 80 to < 100 feet 148 CCFrom 50 to < 80 feet FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 149 DDFrom 40 to < 50 feet 150 EEFrom 30 to < 40 feet 151 FFFrom 15 to < 30 feet 152 GGFrom 5 to < 15 feet 153 HH< 5 feet 154 FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 155 9.Inundation Duration – assessment area condition metric 156 Answer for assessment area dominant landform. 157 AEvidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days) 158 BEvidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation 159 CEvidence of long-duration inundation or very long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more) 160 161 10.Indicators of Deposition – assessment area condition metric 162 Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition). 163 ASediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels. 164 BSediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland. 165 CSediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland. 166 167 11.Wetland Size – wetland type/wetland complex condition metric 168 Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the 169 size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User 170 Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select “K” for the FW column. 171 WTWCFW (if applicable) 172 AAA≥ 500 acres 173 BBBFrom 100 to < 500 acres 174 CCCFrom 50 to < 100 acres 175 DDDFrom 25 to < 50 acres 176 EEEFrom 10 to < 25 acres 177 FFFFrom 5 to < 10 acres 178 GGGFrom 1 to < 5 acres 179 HHHFrom 0.5 to < 1 acre 180 IIIFrom 0.1 to < 0.5 acre 181 JJJFrom 0.01 to < 0.1 acre 182 < 0.01 acre or assessment area is clear-cut KKK 183 184 12.Wetland Intactness – wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only) 185 APocosin is the full extent (≥ 90%) of its natural landscape size. 186 BPocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size. 187 188 13.Connectivity to Other Natural Areas – landscape condition metric 189 Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This 13a. 190 evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous 191 metric naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, regularly maintained utility 192 line corridors the width of a four-lane road or wider, urban landscapes, fields (pasture open and agriculture), or water > 300 feet wide. 193 WellLoosely 194 AA≥ 500 acres 195 BBFrom 100 to < 500 acres 196 CCFrom 50 to < 100 acres 197 DDFrom 10 to < 50 acres 198 EE< 10 acres 199 FFWetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats 200 201 Evaluate for marshes only . 13b. 202 YesNoWetland type has a surface hydrology connection to open waters/stream or tidal wetlands. 203 204 14.Edge Effect – wetland type condition metric (skip for all marshes) 205 May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include 206 non-forested areas ≥ 40 feet wide such as fields, development, roads, regularly maintained utility line corridors and clear-cuts. 207 Consider the eight main points of the compass. 208 ANo artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions 209 BNo artificial edge within 150 feet in four (4) to seven (7) directions 210 An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four (4) directions or assessment area is clear-cut C 211 212 15. Vegetative Composition – assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat) 213 AVegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate 214 species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area. 215 BVegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species 216 characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or 217 clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata. 218 CVegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non- 219 characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species). Exotic species are dominant in 220 at least one stratum. 221 222 16.Vegetative Diversity – assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only) 223 AVegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (<10% cover of exotics). 224 BVegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics. FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 225 CVegetation is dominated by exotic species (>50% cover of exotics). FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJAKALAMANAOAPAQARASATAUAVAWAXAYAZBABBBCBDBE 226 227 17.Vegetative Structure – assessment area/wetland type condition metric 228 17a.Is vegetation present? 229 YesNoIf Yes, continue to 17b. If No, skip to Metric 18. 230 231 for all marshes only Evaluate percent coverage of assessment area vegetation . Skip to 17c for non-marsh wetlands. 17b. 232 A≥ 25% coverage of vegetation 233 B< 25% coverage of vegetation 234 235 Check a box in each column for each stratum for non-marsh wetlands .Evaluate this portion of the metric. Consider structure 17c. 236 in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately. 237 AAWT 238 AACanopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes 239 BBCanopy present, but opened more than natural gaps 240 CCCanopy sparse or absent 241 Canopy 242 AADense mid-story/sapling layer 243 BBModerate density mid-story/sapling layer 244 CCMid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent 245 Mid-Story 246 AADense shrub layer 247 BBModerate density shrub layer 248 CCShrub layer sparse or absent 249 Shrub 250 AADense herb layer 251 BBModerate density herb layer 252 CCHerb layer sparse or absent Herb 253 254 18.Snags – wetland type condition metric 255 ALarge snags (more than one) are visible (> 12-inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability). 256 BNot A 257 258 19.Diameter Class Distribution – wetland type condition metric 259 AMajority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are 260 present. 261 BMajority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12-inch DBH. 262 CMajority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees. 263 264 20.Large Woody Debris – wetland type condition metric 265 Include both natural debris and man-placed natural debris. 266 ALarge logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability). 267 BNot A 268 269 21.Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion – wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non-Tidal Freshwater 270 Marsh only) 271 Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned 272 areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water. 273 ABCD 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 22.Hydrologic Connectivity – assessment area condition metric (evaluate for riparian wetlands only) 282 Examples of activities that may severely alter hydrologic connectivity include intensive 283 ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver dams, and stream incision. 284 Overbank and overland flow are not severely altered in the assessment area. A 285 BOverbank flow is severely altered in the assessment area. 286 COverland flow is severely altered in the assessment area. 287 Both overbank and overland flow are severely altered in the assessment area. D 288 289 Notes 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 BFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBN 1 NC WAM WETLAND ASSESSMENT FORM 2 Accompanies User Manual Version 4.1 3 Rating Calculator Version 4.1 4 09/19/2018 5 Mary K Murray/Terracon 6 McDowell Creek 7 03050101 8 35.463067, -80.886457 9 10 11 12 13 14 Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.) 15 Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby 16 septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.) 17 Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.) 18 Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 No 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive 51 sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure 52 alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion \[where appropriate\], exotic species, grazing, 53 54 55 56 57 duration (Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Check a box in each column for each group below . Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland BFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBN 80 81 82 feature. Make soil observations within the 12 inches. Use most recent National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils guidance for 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and 104 105 106 107 108 Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources 109 110 assessment area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers 111 are considered to be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion. 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic alterations 121 122 123 124 125 126 Wetland buffer need only be present on one side of the water body. Make buffer judgment based on the average width of the wetland. 127 128 How much of the first 50 feet from the bank is weltand? Descriptor E should be selected if ditches effectively bypass the buffer. 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 BFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBN 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the 169 size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the wetland complex (WC), and the size of the forested wetland (FW) (if applicable, see User 170 Manual). See the User Manual for boundaries of these evaluation areas. If assessment area is clear-cut, select “K” for the FW column. 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This 190 evaluates whether the wetland is well connected (Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous 191 metric naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate). Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, regularly maintained utility 192 line corridors the width of a four-lane road or wider, urban landscapes, fields (pasture open and agriculture), or water > 300 feet wide. 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 May involve a GIS effort with field adjustment. Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species 216 characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or 217 218 Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected species are unnaturally absent (planted stands of non- 219 characteristic species or at least one stratum inappropriately composed of a single species). Exotic species are dominant in 220 221 222 223 224 BFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBN 225 BFBGBHBIBJBKBLBMBN 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 Check a box in each column for each stratum for non-marsh wetlands .Evaluate this portion of the metric. Consider structure 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability). 267 268 269 270 271 Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 NC WAM Wetland Rating Sheet Accompanies User Manual Version 4.1 Rating Calculator Version 4.1 Wetland Site NameAlexander FarmsDate09/19/2018 Wetland TypeHeadwater ForestAssessor Name/Organization Mary K Murray/Terracon Notes on Field Assessment Form (Y/N)NO Presence of regulatory considerations (Y/N)NO Wetland is intensively managed (Y/N)YES Assessment area is located within 50 feet of a natural tributary or other open water (Y/N)YES Assessment area is substantially altered by beaver (Y/N)NO Assessment area experiences overbank flooding during normal rainfall conditions (Y/N)NO Assessment area is on a coastal island (Y/N)NO Sub-function Rating Summary FunctionSub-functionMetricsRating LOW HydrologySurface Storage and RetentionCondition LOW Sub-Surface Storage and RetentionCondition HIGH Water QualityPathogen ChangeCondition HIGH Condition/Opportunity YES Opportunity Presence? (Y/N) MEDIUM Particulate ChangeCondition Condition/OpportunityNA Opportunity Presence? (Y/N)NA MEDIUM Soluble ChangeCondition HIGH Condition/Opportunity YES Opportunity Presence? (Y/N) HIGH Physical ChangeCondition HIGH Condition/Opportunity YES Opportunity Presence? (Y/N) Pollution ChangeConditionNA Condition/OpportunityNA Opportunity Presence? (Y/N)NA MEDIUM HabitatPhysical StructureCondition LOW Landscape Patch StructureCondition LOW Vegetation CompositionCondition Function Rating Summary FunctionMetrics/NotesRating LOW HydrologyCondition HIGH Water QualityCondition HIGH Condition/Opportunity YES Opportunity Presence? (Y/N) LOW HabitatConditon Overall Wetland RatingLOW