20160385 Ver 2_Year 1 Monitoring Report_2021_20211025

ID#* 20160385
Select Reviewer:
Erin Davis
Initial Review Completed Date 10/25/2021
Mitigation Project Submittal - 10/25/2021
Version* 2
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Type of Mitigation Project:*
Stream Wetlands Buffer Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Lindsay Crocker
Project Information
ID#:* 20160385
Existing ID#
Project Type: DMS Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Lake Wendell
County: Johnston
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Lindsay. [e-mail]
Version:* 2
Existing Version
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
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Monitoring Report— MY4
FINAL VERSION
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project
Calendar Year of Data Collection: 2021
NCDEQ DIMS Project Identification # 97081
NCDEQ DIMS Contract # 6826
Neuse River Basin (Cataloging Unit 03020201)
USACE Action ID Number: SAW-2016-00876
NCDEQ DWR Project # 2016-0385 V2
Johnston County, NC
Contracted Under RFP # 16-006477
Data Collection Period: September 2021
Submission Date: October 20t"12021
Prepared for:
Environmental
Quality
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
Prepared by:
WATER & LAND SOLUTIONS
7721 SIX FORKS ROAD, SUITE 130, RALEIGH, NC 27615
(919i 614 - 5111 1 waterlandsolutions.com

WATER & LAND SOLUTIONS
7721 SIX FORKS ROAD, SUITE 130, RALEIGH, NC 27615
(919) 614 - 5111 I waterlandsolutions.com
October 201h, 2021
INC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
Attn: Lindsay Crocker
217 West Jones Street, Suite 3000-A
Raleigh, INC 27603
RE: WLS Responses to NCDEQ DMS Review Comments for Task 10 Draft Monitoring Report Year 4 for the Lake
Wendell Mitigation Project, NCDEQ DMS Full -Delivery Project ID #97081, Contract #6826, Neuse River Basin,
Cataloging Unit 03020201, Johnston County, INC
Dear Ms. Crocker:
Water & Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) is pleased to present the Final Monitoring Report Year 4 for the Lake Wendell
Mitigation Project to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) Division of Mitigation
Services (DMS). The Final Monitoring Report Year 4 were developed by addressing NCDEQ DMS's review comments.
Under this cover, we are providing the Final Monitoring Report Year 4, and the required digital data for each (the .pdf
copies of the entire updated reports and the updated digital data) via electronic delivery. We are providing our
written responses to NCDEQ DMS's review comments on the Draft Monitoring Report Year 4 below. Each of the
DMS review comments is copied below in bold text, followed by the appropriate response from WLS in regular text:
1. DMS Comment: Please add V2 to the end of the DWR project number on the title page (2016-0385 V2).
WLS Response: V2 was added to the DWR project number.
2. DMS Comment: Riparian buffer report table 5a and Stream report table 6a: please remove the column
with volunteers/acre and total stems/acre or populate these columns with correct data. Please note
that volunteers on this table for success should not include pines, sweetgums, or invasives.
WLS Response: Volunteers/acre and total stems/acre columns were removed from the table. The data in
the tables was correct, there were no volunteer species that could be counted toward success in any of
the plots.
3. DMS Comment: Clarify in the text where the substrate samples were taken (which reach). WLS
Response: Language was added to include approximate station location (38+00) on R3.
4. DMS Comment: Update rain report for additional months if possible. WLS Response: September rainfall
data was added to Figure 5.
Digital Deliverables:
1. DMS Comment: Please submit the features used to depict the kudzu area and encroachment area in the
CCPV. WLS Response: The shapefiles for the kudzu area and the encroachment area are included in the
CCPV shapefile folder of E-Data.
2. DMS Comment: The CVS entry tool that was submitted produces a Table 7 report with different values
for plots 2 and 5 when compared to Table 6 in the monitoring report and Table 5 in the buffer report.

Please review the CVS file, ensure the data are up to date and resubmit. WLS Response: The CVS entry
tool that was submitted was from MY3, we have updated the CVS tool with the MY4 file.
Please contact me if you have any questions or comments.
Sincerely,
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
Emily Dunnigan
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 130
Raleigh, NC 27615
Office Phone: [phone]
Mobile Phone: [phone]
Email: emily0waterlandsolutions.com

Table of Contents
1 Project Summary........................................................................................................................................1
2 Project
Background...........................................................................................................................1
2.1
Project Location, Setting, and Existing Conditions.......................................................................1
2.2
Mitigation Project Goals and Objectives.......................................................................................2
2.3
Project History, Contacts, and Timeframe....................................................................................3
3 Project
Mitigation Components........................................................................................................3
3.1
Stream Mitigation Types and Approaches....................................................................................
3
3.1.1
R1 Restoration...........................................................................................................................3
3.1.2
R2 Restoration...........................................................................................................................4
3.1.3
R3 Restoration...........................................................................................................................4
3.1.4
R4 Preservation and Enhancement...........................................................................................4
3.1.5
R5 Restoration and Enhancement............................................................................................4
4 Performance
Standards....................................................................................................................5
4.1
Streams......................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.1
Stream Hydrology.....................................................................................................................6
4.1.2
Stream Profiles, Vertical Stability, and Floodplain Access........................................................6
4.1.3
Stream Horizontal Stability.......................................................................................................6
4.1.4
Streambed Material Condition and Stability............................................................................6
4.1.5
Jurisdictional Stream Flow........................................................................................................6
4.2
Vegetation.....................................................................................................................................6
5 Monitoring Year 4 Assessment and Results......................................................................................7
5.1
Stream Hydrology.........................................................................................................................7
5.2
Stream Horizontal & Vertical Stability..........................................................................................7
5.3 Streambed Material and Condition....................................................................................................8
5.4 Jurisdictional
Stream Flow Documentation........................................................................................8
5.5 Vegetation...........................................................................................................................................8
5.3
Wetlands.......................................................................................................................................9
References..................................................................................................................................................10

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Background Tables and Figures
Table 1
Project Mitigation Components
Table 2
Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3
Project Contacts
Table 4
Project Information and Attributes
Appendix B Visual Assessment Data
Figure 1
Current Condition Plan View (CCPV)
Table 5
Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment
Table 5a
Vegetation Condition Assessment
Photos
Stream Station Photographs
Photos
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Photos
Vegetation Problem Areas
Appendix C Vegetation Plot Data
Table 6 Planted and Total Stem Counts
Table 6a Vegetation Mitigation Success Table
Appendix D Stream Measurement and Geomorphology Data
Figure 3
Pebble Count
Table 7a
Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 7b
Cross-section Morphology Data (skip MY4)
Table 7c
Stream Reach Morphology Data
Appendix E Hydrologic Data
Table 8
Verification of Flow Events
Figure 4a
Hydrograph Data
Figure 4b
Groundwater Gauge Data
Figure 5
Monthly Rainfall Data

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1 Project Summary
Water and Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) completed the construction and planting of the Lake Wendell
Mitigation Project (Project) full -delivery project for the North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality (NCDEQ), Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) in March 2018. The Project is located in Johnston
County, North Carolina between the Community of Archer Lodge and the Town of Wendell at 35.73739°,
-78.3538°. The Project site is located in the NCDEQ Sub -basin 03-04-06, in the Upper Buffalo Creek Sub -
watershed 030202011502.
The Project involved the restoration, enhancement, preservation, and permanent protection of five
stream reaches (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) and their riparian buffers, totaling 4,269 linear feet of streams
and 490,477 square feet of riparian buffers (see buffer summary table below). WLS staff visited the site
several times throughout 2021. Monitoring Year 4 (MY4) data collection occurred in September of 2021
(Table 2). This report presents the data for MY4. The Project meets the MY4 success criteria for stream
hydrology, streambed condition and stability, and stream flow. One vegetation plot is not meeting success
requirements for vegetation. Based on these results, the Project is expected to meet the Monitoring Year
5 (MY5) success criteria in 2022.
2.1 Project Location, Setting, and Existing Conditions
The Project site is located in the Upper Buffalo Creek Sub -watershed 030202011502 study area of the
Neuse 01 Regional Watershed Plan, in the Wake -Johnston Collaborative Local Watershed Plan, and in
Targeted Local Watershed 03020201180050.
The project includes five stream reaches (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) which consisted of restoration,
enhancement, preservation, and permanent protection of 4,269 linear feet of streams and 490,477 square
feet of riparian buffers. The catchment area is 102 acres and has an impervious cover less than one
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percent. The dominant surrounding land uses are agriculture and mixed forest. Prior to construction,
livestock had access to all Project streams, except R4, and the riparian buffers were less than 50 feet wide.
2.2 Mitigation Project Goals and Objectives
WLS established project mitigation goals and objectives based on the resource condition and functional
capacity of the watershed to improve and protect diverse aquatic resources comparable to stable
headwater stream systems within the Piedmont Physiographic Province. The proposed mitigation types
and design approaches described in the final approved mitigation plan considered the general restoration
and resource protection goals and strategies outlined in the 2010 Neuse River Basin Restoration Priority
Plan (RBRP). The functional goals and objectives were further defined in the 2013 Wake -Johnston
Collaborative Local Watershed Plan and 2015 Neuse 01 Regional Watershed Plan and include:
• Reducing sediment and nutrient inputs to the upper Buffalo Creek Watershed,
• Restoring, preserving, and protecting wetlands, streams, riparian buffers, and aquatic habitat,
• Implementing agricultural BMPs and stream restoration in rural catchments together as "project
clusters".
The following site -specific goals were developed to address the primary concerns outlined in the LWP and
RWP and include:
Improve Base Flow
Remove man-made pond dam and restore a
more natural flow regime and aquatic passage.
Reconnect Floodplain / Increase
Lower BHRs from >2.0 to 1.0-1.2 and maintain
Floodprone Area Widths
ERs at 2.2 or greater.
Improve Bedform Diversity
Increase riffle/pool percentage to 70/30 and
pool -to -pool spacing ratio 4-7X bankfull width.
Reduce BEHI/NBS streambank erosion rates
Increase Lateral Stability
comparable to downstream reference
condition and stable cross-section values.
Plant native species vegetation a minimum 50'
Establish Riparian Buffer Vegetation
wide from the top of the streambanks with a
composition/density comparable to
downstream reference condition.
Improve Water Quality
Remove cattle from riparian corridor and
reduce fecal coliform bacteria levels.
Improve Macroinvertebrate
Incorporate native woody debris into channel
Community and Aquatic Species
and change DWR bioclassification rating from
Health
`Poor' to a minimum `Fair' by Monitoring Year
7.
To accomplish these site -specific goals, the following objectives will be measured and included with the
performance standards to document overall project success:
• Provide a floodplain connection to incised stream with BHRs that range from 1.0 — 1.2 and ERs
greater than 2.2 by removing a man-made pond, thereby promoting more natural flood flows,
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• Improve bedform diversity by increasing scour pool spacing/depth variability every4X-7X bankfull
channel widths,
• Increase benthic macroinvertebrate habitat value by changing the DWR bioclassification rating
from 'Poor' to 'Fair' after monitoring year 7,
• Reduce sediment loading from accelerated streambank erosion rates by decreasing BEHI/NBS
values to 'Low' and constructing Radius of Curvature Ratios (Rc) to 2X-3X bankfull channel widths,
• Improve pre -restoration water quality parameters by increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations
(DO), such that it meets a functioning level after monitoring year 7,
• Increase native species riparian buffer vegetation density/composition along streambank and
floodplain areas that meet requirements of a minimum 50-foot-wide and 210 stems/acre after
monitoring year 7,
• Improve aquatic habitat and fish movement through pond dam removal and the addition of in -
stream cover and native woody debris by increasing the existing biotic index to a higher
functioning level,
• Prevent cattle from accessing the conservation easement boundary by installing permanent
fencing and reducing fecal coliform bacteria from the pre -restoration levels.
2.3 Project History, Contacts, and Timeframe
The chronology of the project history and activity is presented in Table 2. Relevant project contact
information is presented in Table 3. Relevant project background information is presented in Table 4.
3 Project Mitigation Components
Refer to Figure 1 and Table 1 for the project components/asset information. A recorded conservation
easement consisting of 11.97 acres protects and preserves all stream reaches, existing wetland areas, and
riparian buffers in perpetuity.
3.1 Stream Mitigation Types and Approaches
Stream restoration practices involved raising the existing streambed and reconnecting the stream to the
relic floodplain and constructing a channel through a drained farm pond (Reach R3). Some portions of the
existing degraded channels that were abandoned within the restoration areas were filled to decrease
surface and subsurface drainage and raise the local water table. The project also included restoring,
enhancing, and protecting riparian buffers and riparian wetlands within the conservation easement. The
permanent fencing system consisting of woven wire fencing was installed to NRCS technical standards in
the pasture areas along and outside of the northern conservation easement boundaries of Reaches R1,
R2, and R3. The vegetative components of this project included stream bank, floodplain, and transitional
upland zones planting. The Site was planted with native species riparian buffer vegetation and now
protected through a permanent conservation easement. Table 1 and Figure 1 (Appendix A) provide a
summary of the project components.
3.1.1 R1 Restoration
Due to the past manipulation and degraded nature of R1, a combination of Priority Level 1/11 Restoration
approaches were implemented along entire reach. A buried concrete pipe system was removed, and the
stream channel was daylighted for approximately 200 feet to restore a more natural flow path and
hydrologic function. Downstream of a culvert crossing installation, a new meandering channel was
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constructed, and remnant spoil piles were removed from the floodplain. In -stream structures, including
log vanes, log and rock riffles, log steps and log weirs, were installed to provide control grade as well as
dissipate flow energy, protect streambanks, and eliminate potential for future incision.
3.1.2 R2 Restoration
Restoration work along R2 involved a Priority Level I Restoration approach by raising the bed elevation
and reconnecting the stream with its abandoned floodplain. This approach promoted the restoration of a
stable channel form with appropriate bedform diversity, as well as improved biological functions through
increased aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Proposed in -stream structures included constructed wood and
stone riffles for grade control and habitat, log j-hook vanes, and log weirs/jams for encouraging step -pool
formation energy dissipation, bank stability, and bedform diversity. A few mature trees were protected
during construction and incorporated into the design. Bioengineering techniques such as vegetated
geolifts, brush layers, and live stakes were used to protect streambanks and establish woody vegetation
growth.
3.1.3 R3 Restoration
R3 restoration activities began immediately downstream from R2. In this area, a man-made farm pond
was drained to reconnect the new stream channel with its geomorphic floodplain. Channel and floodplain
excavation in this reach segment included the removal of shallow legacy sediments (approx. 12" depth)
to accommodate a new bankfull channel and in -stream structures, as well as a more natural step -pool
morphology using grade control structures in the steeper transitional areas. Shallow floodplain
depressions and vernal pools were created in the floodplain to provide habitat diversity, nutrient cycling,
and improved treatment of overland flows. The existing drain -pipe under the dam was removed and a
new culverted pipe crossing was installed at a lower elevation to allow for aquatic passage while blending
with the natural valley topography.
3.1.4 R4 Preservation and Enhancement
R4 began immediately downstream from the new culverted crossing at R3. Preservation was proposed
along much of this reach since the existing stream and wetland system is mostly stable with a mature
riparian buffer due to minimal historic impacts. This approach will extend the wildlife corridor from the
boundary of Lake Wendell throughout the entire riparian valley, while providing a hydrologic connection
and critical habitat linkage within the catchment area. Enhancement Level II work was conducted along
a short portion of this reach to address the bank erosion and lateral instability that occurred during
Hurricane Matthew (October 10, 2016). Construction activities consisted of mechanized removal of the
downed trees and resetting the remaining live root balls along the streambank and re -grading the stream
bank back to a stable dimension, installing erosion control matting, and supplemental riparian buffer
planting and live stakes.
3.1.5 R5 Restoration and Enhancement
A Priority Level I/II Restoration approach was for the upstream portion of the reach to improve stream
functions and water quality. The existing concrete pipe system was completely removed to allow for the
complete daylighting and raising of the stream bed elevation to reconnect the stream with its active
floodplain. The reach was restored using appropriate riffle -pool and step -pool morphology with limited
meander geometry. In -stream structures, including log weirs and woody and stone riffles will be used to
control grade, as well as dissipate flow energy, protect streambanks, and eliminate potential for future
incision. Restored streambanks will be graded to stable side slopes and the floodplain will be reconnected
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to further promote stability and hydrological function. Work along the downstream portion of R5 involved
Enhancement Level II practices to improve the current channel condition and aquatic function.
4 Performance Standards
The applied success criteria for the Project will follow necessary performance standards and monitoring
protocols presented in final approved mitigation plan. Annual monitoring and semi-annual site visits will
be conducted to assess the condition of the project throughout the monitoring period. Monitoring
activities will be conducted for a period of seven years with the final duration dependent upon
performance trends toward achieving project goals and objectives. Specific success criteria components
and evaluation methods are described in the table below.
Improve Base Flow
Pressure transducer,
Create a more natural and
Duration and Overbank
regional curve,
Maintain seasonal flow for a
higher functioning
Flows .channel
regression equations,
minimum of 30 consecutive days
headwater flow regime
forming discharge)
catchment assessment
during normal annual rainfall.
and provide aquatic
passage.
Maintain average BHRs at 1.2 and
Provide temporary water
Reconnect Floodplain /
Bank Height Ratio,
ERs at 2.2 or greater and
storage and reduce
Increase Floodprone
Entrenchment Ratio,
document out of bank and/or
erosive forces (shear
Area Widths
crest gauge
geomorphically significant flow
stress) in channel during
events.
larger flow events.
Pool to Pool spacing,
Increase riffle/pool percentage
Provide a more natural
Improve Bedform
riffle -pool sequence,
and pool -to -pool spacing ratios
stream morphology,
Diversity
pool max depth ratio,
compared to reference reach
energy dissipation and
Longitudinal Profile
conditions.
aquatic habitat/refugia.
BEHI / NBS, Cross-
Decrease streambank erosion
Reduce sedimentation,
Increase Vertical and
sectionsand
rates comparable to reference
excessive aggradation, and
Lateral Stability
Longitudinal Profile
condition cross-section, pattern
embeddedness to allow
Surveys, visual
and vertical profile values.
for interstitial flow habitat.
assessment
Within planted portions of the
CVS Level I & II Protocol
site, a minimum of 320 stems per
Increase woody and
Tree Veg Plots (Strata
acre must be present at year
herbaceous vegetation will
Establish Riparian
Composition and
three; a minimum of 260 stems
provide channel stability
Buffer Vegetation
Density), visual
per acre must be present at year
and reduce streambank
five; and a minimum of 210 stems
erosion, runoff rates and
assessment
per acre must be present at year
exotic species vegetation.
seven.
Removal of excess
nutrients, FC bacteria, and
Improve Water Quality
N/A
N/A
organic pollutants will
increase the hyporheic
exchange and dissolved
oxygen (DO) levels.
Increase leaf litter and
Improve Benthic
DWR Small Stream/
organic matter critical to
Macroinvertebrate
Qual v4 sampling, IBI
N/A
provide in -stream
Communities and
(MY3MYSMY7)
, ,
cover/shade, wood
Aquatic Health
recruitment, and carbon
sourcing.
Note: Level 4 and 5 project parameters and monitoring activities will not be tied to performance standards nor
required to demonstrate success for credit release.
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4.1 Streams
4.1.1 Stream Hydrology
Two separate bankfull events must be documented within the seven-year monitoring period. These two
bankfull events must occur in separate years. Otherwise, the stream monitoring will continue until two
bankfull events have been documented in separate years. In addition to the two bankfull flow events, two
geomorphically significant flow events (0,g5=0.66C2) must also be documented during the monitoring
period. There are no temporal requirements regarding the distribution of the geomorphically significant
flows.
4.1.2 Stream Profiles, Vertical Stability, and Floodplain Access
Stream profiles, as a measure of vertical stability will be evaluated by looking at Bank Height Ratios (BHR).
The BHR shall not exceed 1.2 along the restored project reaches. This standard only applies to the restored
project reaches where BHRs were corrected through design and construction. In addition, observed
bedforms should be consistent with those observed for channels of the design stream type(s).
4.1.3 Stream Horizontal Stability
Cross -sections will be used to evaluate horizontal stream stability. There should be little change expected
in as -built restoration cross -sections. If measurable changes do occur, they should be evaluated to
determine if the changes represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (e.g., downcutting,
erosion) or a movement towards increased stability (e.g., settling, vegetation establishment, deposition
along the streambanks, decrease in width/depth ratio). Cross -sections shall be classified using the Rosgen
Stream Classification method and all monitored cross -sections should fall within the quantitative
parameters defined for channels of the design stream type.
4.1.4 Streambed Material Condition and Stability
After construction, there should be minimal change in the particle size distribution of the streambed
materials, over time, given the current watershed conditions and future sediment supply regime. Since the
streams are predominantly sand -bed systems with minimal fine/coarse gravel, some coarsening is
anticipated after restoration activities, however significant changes in particle size distribution are not
expected. Streambed material condition is supplementary and is not part of success criteria.
4.1.5 Jurisdictional Stream Flow
The restored stream systems must be classified as at least intermittent, and therefore must exhibit base
flow with at least 30 days of continuous flow during a year with normal rainfall conditions as described in
the approved mitigation plan.
4.2 Vegetation
Vegetative restoration success for the project during the intermediate monitoring years will be based on
the survival of at least 320, three -year -old planted trees per acre at the end of Year 3 of the monitoring
period and at least 260, five -year -old, planted trees per acre at the end of Year 5 of the monitoring period.
The final vegetative restoration success criteria will be achieving a density of not less than 210, seven-
year -old planted stems per acre in Year 7 of monitoring. Planted vegetation (for projects in coastal plain
and piedmont counties) must average seven feet in height at Year 5 of monitoring and 10 feet in height
at Year 7 of monitoring. Volunteer species will be counted toward success if they are at least 12" tall,
surviving for at least two years, and if they are species found on the approved planting list. For all of the
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monitoring years (Year 1 through Year 7), the number of Red maple (Acer rubrum) stems cannot exceed
20 percent of the total stems in any of the vegetation monitoring plots.
5 Monitoring Year 4 Assessment and Results
Annual monitoring was conducted during MY4 in accordance with the monitoring plan as described in the
approved mitigation plan to document the site conditions. All monitoring device locations are depicted
on the CCPV (Figure 1). MY4 results are provided in the appendices. The Project meets the MY4 success
criteria for stream hydrology and jurisdictional stream flow. Visual surveys indicate that the stream
horizontal and vertical stability are meeting requirements. All vegetation plots except plot 2 meet the
required success criteria.
5.1 Stream Hydrology
Monitoring to document the occurrence of the bankfull events (overbank flows) and geomorphically
significant flow events (0,g5=0.66Q2) within the monitoring period, along with floodplain access by flood
flows, is being conducted using a crest gauge installed near the downstream end of Reach R2 (Figure 1),
to record the watermark associated with the highest flood stage between monitoring site visits.
Photographs are also being used to document the occurrence of debris lines and sediment deposition on
the floodplain during monitoring site visits. One recorded bankfull event occurred during MY4. This event
was documented using the described crest gauge and photography (Table 8). Documented flow events
in MY1 and MY2 satisfied the requirement of the occurrence of two bankfull events in separate years. See
the table below for a summary of bankfull events documented in all monitoring years.
Monitoring Year Documented Bankfull Events
1
Requirement Met
•
2
3
4
5.2 Stream Horizontal & Vertical Stability
Visual assessment was utilized for assessment of MY4 horizontal and vertical stream stability. The visual
assessments for each stream reach concluded that the MY4 stream channel pattern and longitudinal
profiles, in -stream structure location/function, still closely match the profile design parameters and
MYO/baseline conditions (Appendix D). Cross-section data collection is not required for MY4 per the
mitigation plan, data will be collected in MY5.
Minor piping was noted in MY3 at two instream structures near approximate stations 26+00 (SPA1) and
26+50 (SPA2). During MY4 these areas were live staked to prevent further erosion and provide bank
stability. Both structures are failing, but there is not a systemic problem upstream or downstream and
no immediate remedial action is proposed at this time. Monitoring of these areas will continue in MY5.
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5.3 Streambed Material and Condition
A representative sediment sample was collected in R3, near station 38+00, at a constructed riffle and pool
to assess streambed material condition and stability. The dominant substrate for the project was verified
as coarse sand (Figure 3). The post -construction riffle substrate sampling indicated no significant change
in streambed material condition or stability during MY4.
5.4 Jurisdictional Stream Flow Documentation
Jurisdictional stream flow documentation and monitoring of restored intermittent reaches is achieved by
the installation of a flow gauge (continuous -read pressure transducer) within the thalweg of the channel
towards the middle portion of the Reach R5 (Figure 1). Additionally, to determine if rainfall amounts are
normal for the given year, precipitation data was obtained from CLAY Central Crops Research Station in
Johnston County, approximately nine miles southwest of the site. The monitoring gauge documented the
stream exhibited surface flow for 119 consecutive days from January 1st to April 29th, 2021 (see Figure 4).
A gauge malfunction resulted in the loss of data from July 14th, 2021, to September 14th, 2021. The
malfunctioning gauge was repaired on September 14t", 2021.
5.5 Vegetation
Vegetation monitoring for MY4 was conducted utilizing seven vegetation monitoring Plots, with
monitoring conducted in accordance with the CVS-EEP Level I & II Monitoring Protocol (CVS, 2008) and
DMS Stream and Wetland Monitoring Guidelines (DMS, 2017). See Figure 1 in Appendix B for the
vegetation monitoring plot locations. Summary data and photographs of each Plot can be found in
Appendix 3.
Plot 2 had an average stem density of 242 stems per acre which does not meet the year 5 minimum of
260 stems per acre. Plot 2 contains six stems total, one stem below the requirement to meet success
criteria. Loss in stem density from MY3 to MY4 is due to thick herbaceous vegetation. To determine if
there is a larger issue with vegetation in this area, two random veg plots were surveyed (10m x 10m). Both
plots met success criteria (see table below). During MY5, Plot 2 will be monitored closely, and WLS will
assess the need for supplemental planting in at that time. All other vegetation plots met MY4 interim
success criteria.
Random Veg Plot Data Toble
The MY4 vegetation monitoring was also conducted utilizing visual assessment throughout the easement.
The results of the visual assessment did not indicate any negative changes to the existing vegetation
community. An area of encroachment approximately 0.008 acres was found along R1 in MY3, see Figure
1 (VPA2). This area had been mowed by the adjacent homeowner and was vegetated with fescue.
Management of this area in MY4 included additional signage and a physical barrier (horse tape) to
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delineate the easement boundary and discourage further mowing. During MY4, additional trees were
planted in this area to ensure tree cover is achieved (February 1st, 2021). Trees planted were from the
approved list in the mitigation plan (see plant list below). A previous area of concern (VPA1) located along
R1 buffer as shown on the CCPV (noted first in MY1) was utilized as a temporary staging area during
construction and contains invasive vegetation (kudzu) along the right buffer. The area was treated once
during the 2021 year in July (see table below for treatments). Following these treatments, the percent
cover of kudzu was reduced to approximately 1%. The VPA1 area was planted with trees from the
approved list in the mitigation plan on February 15Y, 2021 (see plant list below). This area will continue to
be treated during MY5 and documented in future reports.
Planting List Table
Kudzu Treatment Table
Kudzu foliar spray and cut
�.11 Le
August 15, 2019
Kudzu foliar spray
September 24, 2019
Kudzu crown removal
March 18, 2020
Kudzu foliar spray
October 7, 2020
Kudzu foliar spray
July 1, 2021
5.3 Wetlands
Wetland mitigation credits are not contracted or proposed for this project. One groundwater monitoring
well (pressure transducer) was installed during the baseline monitoring within an existing wetland area
along Reach R4. The well was installed as a reference to document groundwater levels within the
preservation area (Figure 4). No performance standards for wetland hydrology success was proposed in
the Mitigation Plan and therefore wetland mitigation monitoring is not included for this project. The
wetland gauge data is located in the appendices. A gauge malfunction resulted in the loss of data from
July 14t", 2021, to September 14t", 2021. The malfunctioning gauge was repaired on September 14t", 2021.
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project Page 9
FINAL Monitoring Report Year 4

Water & Land Solutions 4
References
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E. 2003. Stream
Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Harrelson, Cheryl C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An Illustrated
Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61 p.
KCI Associates of NC, DMS. 2010. Using Pressure Transducers for Stream Restoration Design and
Monitoring.
Lee, M., Peet R., Roberts, S., Wentworth, T. CVS-NCEEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.1,
2007.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services, Wildlands
Engineering, Inc. 2015. Neuse 01 Regional Watershed Plan Phase II. Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services, 2017. Annual
Report Format, Data Requirements, and Content Guidance. Raleigh, NC.
Rosgen, D. L., 1994. A Classification of Natural Rivers. Catena 22: 169-199.
Rosgen, D.L., 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology Books, Pagosa Springs, CO.
Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina,
third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. NCDENR Division of Parks and
Recreation. Raleigh, NC.
United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual.
Technical Report Y-87-1. Environmental Laboratory. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station. Vicksburg, MS.
1997. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Research Program. Technical Note VN-RS-4.1. Environmental
Laboratory. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.
2003. Stream Mitigation Guidelines, April 2003, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Wilmington District.
Water and Land Solutions, LLC (2017). Lake Wendell Stream and Riparian Buffer Mitigation Plan.
NCDMS, Raleigh, NC.
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project Page 10
FINAL Monitoring Report Year 4

Appendices
FJ
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

Appendix A — Background Tables and Figures
FJ
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

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ReportingTable 2. Project Activity and
MitigationLake Wendell Q DMS
gradingElapsed Time Since
plantingElapsed Time Since
reportingNumber of
Activity or Deliverable
Project Contract Execution
Project 113#is
Data Collection
N/A
Completion or
3/18/2016
Final Mitigation Plan Submittal
N/A
8/25/2017
Section 404 General (Regional and Nationwide) Permit Verfication
N/A
10/5/2017
Begin Construction
N/A
11/13/2017
Mitigation Site Earthwork Completed
N/A
3/13/2018
Mitigation Site Planting Completed
N/A
3/30/2018
Installation of Monitoring Devices Completed
N/A
4/19/2018
Installation of Survey Monumentation and Boundary Marking
N/A
6/7/2018
As-built/Baseline (Year 0) Monitoring Report Submittal
6/23/2018
12/3/2018
Year 1 Monitoring Report Submittal
11/24/2018
12/4/2019
Year 2 Monitoring Report Submittal
10/29/2019
1 1/15/2019
Year Monitoring Report Submittal
10/15/2020
12/11/2020
Year 4 Monitoring Report Submittal
9/14/2021
10/20/2021
Year 5 Monitoring Report Submittal
N/A
N/A
Year 6 Monitoring Report Submittal
N/A
N/A
Year 7 Monitoring Report Submittal
N/A
N/A

3. Project Contacts
MitigationTable
Lake Wendell e
Mitigation Provider Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 130 Raleigh, NC 27615
Primary Project POC Catherine Manner Phone: [phone]
Construction Contractor
RiverWorks Construction
114 W. Main Street, Suite 106, Clayton, NC 27520
Primary Project POC
Bill Wright Phone: [phone]
Survey Contractor (Existing
WithersRavenel
Condition Surveys)
115 MacKenan Drive, Cary, NC 27511
Primary Project POC
Marshall Wight, PLS Phone: [phone]
Survey Contractor (Conservation
True Line Surveying, PC
Easement, Construction and As-
Builts Surveys)
205 West Main Street, Clayton, NC 27520
Primary Project POC
Curk T. Lane, PLS 919-359-0427
Planting Contractor
RiverWorks Construction
114 W. Main Street, Suite 106, Clayton, NC 27520
Primary Project POC
Bill Wright Phone: [phone]
Seeding Contractor
RiverWorks Construction
114 W. Main Street, Suite 106, Clayton, NC 27520
Primary Project POC
Bill Wright Phone: [phone]
Seed Mix Sources
Green Resource
5204 Highgreen Ct., Colfax, NC 27235
Rodney Montgomery Phone: [phone]
Nursery Stock Suppliers
Foggy Mountain Nursery (Live Stakes)
797 Helton Creek Rd, Lansing, NC 28643
Glenn Sullivan Phone: [phone]
Dykes & Son Nursery (Bare Root Stock)
825 Maude Etter Rd, Mcminnville, Tn 37110
Jeff Dykes Phone: [phone]
Monitoring Performers
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 130 Raleigh, NC 27615
Stream Monitoring POC
Emily Dunnigan Phone: [phone]
Vegetation Monitoring POC
Emily Dunnigan Phone: [phone]

Table 4. Project Information
and Attributes
Project Name
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project
County
Johnston
Project Area (acres)
11.97
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude)
35.7373910 N,-78.3538050 W
Planted Acreage (Acres of Woody Stems Planted)
Project Watershed Summary
8.9
Information
Physiographic Province
Piedmont
River Basin
Neuse
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit
03020201
DWR Sub -basin
30406
Project Drainage Area (Acres and Square Miles)
102 acres, 0.16 sq mi
Project Drainage Area Percentage of Impervious Area
<1%
CGIA Land Use Classification
_M1000mr— Reach Summary Information
2.01.03, 413, 4.99 (61% pasture, 31 % mixed forest, 1 % open
water
Parameters
Reach 1
Reach 2
Reach 3
Length of reach (linear feet)
850
952
1121
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined, unconfined)
unconfined
unconfined
unconfined
Drainage area (Acres and Square Miles)
33 acres, 0.05 sq mi
64 acres, 0.1 sq mi
83 acres, 0.13 sq mi
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
Perennial
Perennial
Perennial
NCDWR Water Quality Classification
C, NSW
C, NSW
C;NSW
Stream Classification (existing)
G5c
E5/1`5
N/A pond
Stream Classification (proposed)
C5b
C5
C5
Evolutionary trend (Simon)
II
II (upper), III/IV
(lower
N/A pond
FEMA classification
Wetland Summary
N/A
Information
N/A
N/A
Parameters
Wetland 1
Wetland 2
Wetland 3
Size of Wetland (acres)
N/A
N/A
N/A
Wetland Type (non -riparian, riparian riverine or riparian non-riverine)
Mapped Soil Series
Drainage class
Soil Hydric Status
Source of Hydrology
Restoration or enhancement method (hydrologic, vegetative etc.)
nnl� Regulatory considerations
Parameters
Applicable?
Resolved?
Supporting Docs?
Water of the Untied States - Section 404
Yes
Yes
Categorical
Exclusion
Water of the United States - Section 401
Yes
Yes
Categorical
Exclusion
Endangered Species Act
No
Yes
Categorical
Exclusion
Historic Preservation Act
No
N/A
Categorical
Exclusion
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA or CAMA)
No
N/A
Categorical
Exclusion
FEMA Floodplain Compliance
Yes
Yes
Categorical
Exclusion
Essential Fisheries Habitat
No
N/A
Categorical
Exclusion
Reach 4
Reach 5
955
354
unconfined
unconfined
102 acres, 0.16 sq
10 acres, 0.02 sq mi
mi
Perennial
Intermittent
C; NSW
IC, NSW
Zone AE
II (lower), III (upper)

Appendix B —Visual Assessment Data
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Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

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Appendix C — Vegetation Plot Data
FJ
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

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Table 6a:
Vegetation
Plot Mitigation
Success
Summary
Planted
Table
SuccessAverage
Stem
Plot #
Stems/Acre
Criteria
Met
Height (ft)
0

FJ
Appendix D — Stream Measurement and Geomorphology Data
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

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BEDROCK
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Total
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Cumulative D161®---
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D65 ®�®---
' D84 ®�®�---
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D16= 0.51
Pool
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D16= 0.16
D35 = 7.4
D35 = 0.53
D50 = 21
D50 = 0.65
D65 = 28
D65 = 0.81
D84 = 44
D84 = 13
D95 = 83
D95 = 24
Weighted pebble count by bed features Lake Wendell Mitigation Project
65 % riffle 35 % pool
weighted percent —Riffle Pool —# of particles
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Appendix E — Hydrologic Data
FJ
Lake Wendell Mitigation Project

q11/8/16/2018
M
8/31/2018
Crest Gauge
.Verification of Flow Events
. ; . , .
Bkf, 3" above FP elevation
Phostos7/2018
9/16-9/17/2018
Oberserved visual indicators (wrack
lines) of stage after storm
Bkf
Photos
21/2018
9/16-9/17/2018
Crest Gauge
Bkf
Photos
7/26/2019
8/20/2019
7/24/2019
uknown
Crest Gauge
Crest Gauge
Bkf
Bkf & Qgs
Photos
Photos
.325 ft
.45 ft
2/7/2020
uknown
Crest Gauge
Bkf & Qgs
Photos
.6 ft
913012020
uknown
Crest Gauge
Bkf & Qgs
Photos
1.2 ft
1/13/2021
unknown
Crest Gauge
Bkf
Photos
0.5 ft
111312021

Lost Data dueto
Download Malfunction
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IiRainfall —StreanDepth —Flow Limit
Lake Wendell Groundwater Gauge 1 {Reference Wetland}
Lake Wendell R5 FlovvGauge
M am Consecutive F law: 119 --a.�
4 Januarrl-Apri129
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m 4.75
J+
' 4.5
4.25
4
N pN ON ON pN
O 1N_ CppV}} CV �N_pp
rl CY r-I N
5
4
v
C -5
L
a -14
a
_ ■_ 1
i_1.
■1 L 1�.1��■
1_ �.
1.1
IJI L ■ 1 U
Ill
N
N
N
N
N
N
N N N
O O
N N N
C 6 4
Fir
i�-
In t°
F�r
F�r
m`
m`
In
li♦Daily
Rain
-fall
—Groundwater
Depth (Inches)
—Ground Level
5
45
4
N N N N N N N
rl ti rl m r-I N rl
—12" Below Surface — Growing Season

Annual Precip Total NA
WETS 30th Percentile 42.7
WETS 70th Percentile 51.8
Normal Y

5: Monthly Rainfall Data
MitigationFigure
Lake Wendell e
30-70 Percentile Rainfall Graph
Clayton, NC (CLAY - Central Crops Research Station)
10
9
8
7
5
6
c
0
A
5
t
.a
V
4
a
3
2
1
0
Jan-21 Feb-21 Mar-21 Apr-21 May-21 Jun-21 Jul-21 Aug-21 Sep-21 Oct-21 Nov-21 Dec-21
Date
Observed Rainfall -30th Percentile -70th Percentile
*30th and 70th percentile rainfall data collected from weather station CLAY - Central Crops Research Station in Clayton, NC.
**Incomplete Month
Month
Jan-21
��k
2.72
0,
4.62
5.91
Feb-21
2.26
4.09
7.05
Mar-21
3.30
5.03
3.42
Apr-21
2.16
4.20
0.92
May-21
2.65
4.58
1.61
Jun-21
1 2.41
5.00
5.61
Jul-21
3.88
6.36
8.11
Aug-21
3.17
6.03
3.93
Sep-21
2.93
6.12
1.60
Oct-21
2.08
4.08
**
Nov-21
2.05
4.23
**
Dec-21
2.57
5.54
**