20130904 Ver 1_Application_20130826

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINAr��
7/1
DEPARTWNT OF TRANSPORTA 1g;�
PAT McCRORY HOMY J. TATA
GOVERNOR vj gCRETARY
August 14, 2013
Ms. Amy Euliss
NC DENR Division of Water Quality
585 Waughtown Street
Winston- Salem, NC 27107
Mr. Andrew Williams
US Army Corps of Engineers
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27857
(Two Copies)
a 0 1 3 0 9 0 4
Subject: Mt._Moriah Road and Erwin Road Roundabout, Orange County, NC
Project Number- W -5207E
To Whom It May Concern:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation ( NCDOT) proposes to modify the Mt. Moriah Road and
Erwin Road intersection in Orange County from a 3 -way intersection to a roundabout. The project is located
northeast of Chapel Hill in Orange County. Modification is necessary in order to increase traffic safety. This
activity will result in permanent impacts to an UT to New Hope Creek. The NCDOT anticipates that the
activity will be authorized under Nationwide Permit (NWP) 14. This application is intended as a request for
written authorization from the US Army Corps of Engineers for the NWT 14. This package is also being
forwarded to the NC Division of Water Quality for authorization as prescribed under General Water Quality
Certification #3820. No road widening or additional travel lanes are proposed. Project work will include
culvert replacement and bank stabilization. The following information is being provided to satisfy conditions
of the Nationwide Permit and General Water Quality Certification.
P.O. Box 14996 Greensboro, NC 27415 -4996 Telephone No. (336) 334 -3192 Fax No. (336) 334 -3637

i
PROJECT INFORMATION
Road Name
Stream
Project Length
Classification
Existing Stream
6 feet
(miles)
6 feet
Erwin Road
UT to New Hope Creek
N/A
Subdivision
River Basin:
DWQ
Water Quality
% Impervious Surface
Method
ID
Designation
Cape Fear
16- 41- 1 -(0.5)
WS -V, NSW
N/A
Buffer Rulesa*
Buffer Rule Conditions (where applicable)
Date
No*
Jordan
Protected Species Present
Mapped Historic Properties`
AMA
Essential Fishery Habitat
Impacts (ft.)
No
No
No
No
a Separate documentation attached as needed: ° See the attached Endangered Species Review Sheet for further information: c When
Applicable - See the attached Historic Review Letter for further information
CULVERT REPLACEMENT
Site Station
N/A
Stream Typ e
Intermittent
Existing Stream
6 feet
Proposed
6 feet
Width
Stream Width
Construction
Replacement of 24 "D x 44' L RCP Pipe with
Dewatering
Pump around
Method
42" D x 72'L RCP Pie
Device*
Burial Depth
0.7 feet
E/C Plan
N/A
Date
Construction
As soon as practicable
Duration
Date
Impacts (ft.)
Approximately 73 linear feet of permanent stream impacts associated with the culvert and bank
stabilization upstream and downstream of the culvert.
Special
Conditions
Restoration Plan
Within 15 working days of the project completion any disturbed area adjacent to the stream will be
restored and seeded.
RCP = reinforced concrete pipe. E/C = Erosion control. *A less intrusive dewatering device may be used in lieu of the one proposed.

MINIMIZATION INFORMATION
Impacts will be minimized by strict enforcement of Best Management Practices for the protection of
surface waters and wetlands, restrictions against the staging of equipment in or adjacent to waters of
the US, and coordination (including a pre - construction meeting) with the Division Environmental
Officer.
MITIGATION INFORMATION
Stream mitigation is not anticipated from the US Army Corps of Engineers, as stream impacts do not
exceed 150 feet.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Enclosed please find the Pre - construction Notification Form and supporting documentation for the
above referenced project. If you have any questions or need any additional information, please
contact Jerry Parker at (336) 256 -2063. Your time and effort are appreciated.
J.M. Mills, P.E.
sion Engineer, Division 7
Enclosures
CC: Patty Eason, NCDOT
Barry Harrington, NCDOT
Tim Powers, NCDOT
C. Edwards, NCDOT
NC DENR DWQ Wetlands /401 unit (Three copies)

r,
J
H '
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
N/A
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
Latitude: 35.968646 Longitude: - 79.007874
(DD.DDDDDD) (- DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size:
N/A acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
New Hope Creek [16- 41- 1- (0.5)]
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
WS -V;NSW
2c. River basin:
Cape Fear (Lake Jordan)
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Mix of agricultural and low density forested residential lots
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
0
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
72 If
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
Replace 3 -way intersection with roundabout to increase traffic safety Project will replace 24" D x 44" L pipe with 42" D x
72" L.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Construction of a roundabout with installation of culverts and roadside drainage features. Culvert will direct channel water
underneath Erwin Road and water will exit culvert into Rip -Rap basin. Heavy construction equipment will be used.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
❑ Yes ® No ❑ Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
❑ preliminary ❑ Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Agency /Consultant Company:
Name (if known):
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
❑ Yes ® No ❑ Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes ® No
6b. If yes, explain.
Page 3 of 11.
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

.. i
C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
la. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply): ,
❑ Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ❑ Buffers
❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
Page 4 of 11
PCN Form —Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

l_
O�O�_ W A TF9OG
7
Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Page 1 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
Pre - Construction Notification PC Form
A. Applicant Information
1.
Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit ❑Section 10 Permit
1 b.
Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 14 or General Permit (GP) number:
1 c.
Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? T_0Y
e s
® No
1 d.
Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e.
Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
❑ Yes ® No
For the record only for Corps Permit:
❑ Yes ® No
1f.
Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in -lieu
fee program.
❑ Yes
❑ No
1 g.
Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes
® No
1 h.
Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes
® No
2.
Project Information
2a.
Name of project:
Mt Moriah Road and Erwin Road Roundabout
2b.
County:
Orange
2c.
Nearest municipality / town:
Chapel Hill
2d.
Subdivision name:
N/A
2e.
NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no:
W -5207E
3.
Owner Information
3a.
Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
3b.
Deed Book and Page No.
3c.
Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
3d.
Street address:
3e.
City, state, zip:
3f.
Telephone no.:
3g.
Fax no.:
3h.
Email address:
Page 1 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4.
Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is:
❑ Agent ❑ Other, specify:
4b.
Name:
J. M. Mills
4c.
Business name
(if applicable):
Division Engineer NCDOT Division Seven
4d.
Street address:
P.O. Box 14996
4e. City, state, zip:
Greensboro, NC 27415
4f.
Telephone no.:
336 334 -3297
4g.
Fax no.:
4h.
Email address:
5.
Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a.
Name:
Jerry Parker
5b.
Business name
(if applicable):
Division Environmental Supervisor
5c.
Street address:
P.O. Box 14996
5d.
City, state, zip:
Greensboro, NC 27415
5e.
Telephone no.:
336 256 -2063
5f.
Fax no.:
5g.
Email address:
Page 2 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
2b.
2c.
2d.
2e.
2f.
Wetland impact
Type of jurisdiction
number —
Type of impact
Type of wetland
Forested
(Corps - 404, 10
Area of impact
Permanent (P) or
(if known)
DWQ — non -404, other)
(acres)
Temporary T
W1 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W2 ❑ P ❑ T
El Yes
El Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W3 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
W6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ Yes
❑ Corps
❑ No
❑ DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
3b.
3c.
3d.
3e.
3f.
3g.
Stream impact
Type of impact
Stream name
Perennial
Type of jurisdiction
Average
Impact
number -
(PER) or
(Corps - 404, 10
stream
length
Permanent (P) or
intermittent
DWQ — non -404,
width
(linear
Temporary (T)
(INT)?
other)
(feet)
feet)
S1 ®P ❑ T
Replacement of
44' Long Pipe with
Ut to New Hope
❑ PER
® Corps
6
28
72' Long Pipe
Creek
® INT
® DWQ
Rip -Rap Bank
S2 ®P ❑ T
Stabilization
Ut to New Hope
❑ PER
® Corps
6
20
Upstream of
Creek
® INT
® DWQ
Culvert
Rip -Rap Bank
S3 ®P ❑ T
Stabilization
Ut to New Hope
❑ PER
® Corps
6
25
Downstream of
Creek
® INT
® DWQ
Culvert
S4 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S5 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
❑ INT
❑ DWQ
S6 ❑ P ❑ T
❑ PER
❑ Corps
[:11 NT
❑ DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
73
3i. Comments: S2 and S3 Bank Stabilization will not extend into stream bed
Page 5 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a.
Open water
impact number--
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
4b.
Name of waterbody
(if applicable)
4c.
Type of impact
4d.
Waterbody type
4e.
Area of impact (acres)
01 ❑P ❑T
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
❑ Neuse El Tar-Pamlico ®Other: Lake Jordan
02 ❑P ❑T
❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman
6b.
6c.
6d.
03 ❑P ❑T
6f.
6g.
Buffer impact
04 ❑P ❑T
number -
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a.
Pond ID
number
5b.
Proposed use or purpose
of pond
5c.
Wetland Impacts (acres)
5d.
Stream Impacts (feet)
5e.
Upland
(acres)
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
P1
61 ❑P ❑T
❑Yes
❑ No
B2 ❑P ❑T
P2
❑Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑P ❑T
El Yes
❑ No
5f. Total
6h. Total buffer impacts
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
❑ Neuse El Tar-Pamlico ®Other: Lake Jordan
Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman
6b.
6c.
6d.
6e.
6f.
6g.
Buffer impact
number -
Reason
Buffer
Zone 1 impact
Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or
for
Stream name
mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
Temporary T
impact
re uired.
61 ❑P ❑T
❑Yes
❑ No
B2 ❑P ❑T
❑Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑P ❑T
El Yes
❑ No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6of11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Impacts will be minimized by utilization of Best Management Practices and by performing work in the dry.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Best Management Practices will be utilized during construction. Pre - construction meeting with Environmental Supervisor will
take place prior to commencing construction
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
❑ Yes ® No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑ Corps
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
❑ Mitigation bank
El Payment to in -lieu fee program
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type
Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In -lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in -lieu fee program is attached.
❑ Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
❑ warm ❑ cool ❑cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non - riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 7 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
❑ Yes ® No
buffer mitigation?
Channel not mapped on USGS Quad
Map or Soil Manual Map.
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
6c.
6d.
6e.
Zone
Reason for impact
Total impact
Multiplier
Required mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
Zone 1
1
1
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2
1
1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in -lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

E.
Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1.
Diffuse Flow Plan
❑ Yes ® No
1 a.
Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
Site within Lake Jordan Watershed
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
but does not contain "buffered"
channel.
1b.
If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
❑ Yes ❑ No
Comments:
2.
Stormwater Management Plan
2a.
What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project?
N/A %
2b.
Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan?
® Yes ❑ No
2c.
If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d.
If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
Stormwater will be managed according to plans submitted and approved by the Roadside
Environmental Unit of NCDOT
❑ Certified Local Government
2e.
Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ DWQ Stormwater Program
® DWQ 401 Unit
3.
Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a.
In which local government's jurisdiction is this project?
❑ Phase II
3b.
Which of the following locally - implemented stormwater management programs
❑ NSW
❑ USMP
apply (check all that apply):
❑ Water Supply Watershed
❑ Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ® No
attached?
4.
DWQ Stormwater Program Review
❑ Coastal counties
❑ HQW
4a.
Which of the following state - implemented stormwater management programs apply
❑ ORW
(check all that apply):
❑ Session Law 2006 -246
❑ Other:
4b.
Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached?
❑ Yes ❑ No
5.
DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a.
Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
❑ Yes ❑ No
5b.
Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
❑ Yes ❑ No
Page 9 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

F.
Supplementary Information
1.
Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a.
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal /state /local) funds or the
® Yes
❑ No
use of public (federal /state) land?
1 b.
If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑ Yes
® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c.
If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
❑Yes
❑ No
letter.)
Comments:
2.
Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a.
Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑ Yes
® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 26 .0200)?
2b.
Is this an after - the -fact permit application?
❑ Yes
® No
2c.
If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3.
Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
❑ Yes
® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b.
If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4.
Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a:'Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non- discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
Page 10 of 11
PCN Form —Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

5.
Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a.
Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
❑ Yes ® No
habitat?
5b.
Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
❑ Yes ® No
impacts?
El Raleigh
5c.
If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
❑ Asheville
5d.
What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
USFWS website
6.
Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
❑ Yes ® No
6b.
What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
N/A
7.
Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a.
Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
❑ Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b.
What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
Cultural Resource Review was conducted by Human Environment Unit of NCDOT which is sanctioned by State Historic
Preservation Office . "No Survey Required" forms are attached.
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA- designated 100 -year floodplain?
❑ Yes ® No
8b.
If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? www.ncfloodmaps.com
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name
Date
Applicant/Agent's Signature
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.)
Page 11 of 11
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

t a
�
• f,
a
t a

� «o��
-z��� � � \�
�� ���
»����_� «�� \
�y �
�«a
,y�� � \ \:
J� _
�_ .
. .� — - -.
��c
-_
��y2
�
� �� � \
.
d
��r 2
`
.
�
w : .:
�� :
/�.
�
�
.�`
� / /��
� ° �
�.� y
... g_\
.«
s.
� ee
/
r d-
=,va»
� ,,y>��
4
'2»
�.
\v�
`_-�
. �&�
� \y�y�
\ \\
. «
�� �
».&1��
- >y
:�� —.�
w
�
��»�
.
� � �

N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
COUNTY Orange
BRIDGE NO. Pipe
S.R. No. 1734 Erwin Road
WBS No. 45337.1.5
DESCRIPTION:
REMOVAL of EXISTING PIPE 24" X 44' LONG
and REPLACE with PIPE 1 @ 42" X 72' LONG
Note: 1. All Erosion Control devices & proper installation plus maintenance of erosion
control will be performed by using - NCDOT Best Management Practices for
Construction and Maintenance Activites Manual.
2. Work should be performed under low flow.
3. All work will be completed under traffic with flaggers.
1 Build ABC coffer dams wrapped with plastic upstream and downstream.
2 Install Silt Fence as needed.
3 Excavate downstream half of existing pipe.
4 Remove existing pipe.
5 Install pump around system through existing upstream pipe as needed.
6 Grade area for New Pipe.
7 Dewater work area using Silt Bag as needed.
8 Install pipe on downstream end.
9 Backfill Outlet and grade area for traffic.
10 Divert traffic onto new section of Pipe.
11 Excavate upstream half of existing pipe.
12 Remove existing pipe.
13 Grade area for New Pipe.
14 Install new pipe on upstream section moving hose into each new section as needed.
15 Backfill upstream section.
16 Remove pump around system
17 Grade area for roadway.
18 Place traffic onto new roadway.
19 Place Rip Rap with filter fabric on slopes.
20 Seed and Mulch distrubed areas.
APPROXIMATE PROJECT START DATE 8/1/2013
PREPARED BY Chad Reimakoski DATE
APPROVAL
DDC Engineer
DIV. BRIDGE ENG.
DATE
DATE
7/2/2013

COUNTY Orange
BRIDGE NO. Pipe
S.R. No. 1734 Erwin Road
WBS No. 45337.1.5
N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE1
1 Build ABC coffer dams wrapped with plastic upstream and downstream.
2 Install Silt Fence as needed.
1734
44'
1734
I
24"
ash Out
I
STREAM FLOW

COUNTY Orange
BRIDGE NO. Pipe
S.R. No. 1734 Erwin Road
WBS No. 45337.1.5
N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE2
3 Excavate downstream half of existing pipe.
4 Remove existing pipe.
5 Install pump around system through existing upstream pipe as needed.
1734
1734
Coffer Dam
STREAM FLOW

COUNTY
Orange
BRIDGE NO.
Pipe
S.R. No.
1734 Erwin Road
WBS No.
45337.1.5
N.C. D.P.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE3
6 Grade area for New Pipe.
7 Dewater work area using Silt Bag as needed.
8 Install pipe on downstream end.
9 Backfill Outlet and grade area for traffic.
pump
1
I
1734
1734
pump
Coffer Dam
STREAM FLOW

COUNTY
Orange
BRIDGE NO.
Pipe
S.R. No.
1734 Erwin Road
WBS No.
45337.1.5
N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE4
10 Divert traffic onto new section of Pipe.
11 Excavate upstream half of existing pipe.
12 Remove existing pipe.
13 Grade area for New Pipe.
., 1734
Coffer Dam
1734
I
STREAM FLOW

COUNTY Orange
BRIDGE NO. Pipe
S.R. No. 1734 Erwin Road
WBS No. 45337.1.5
N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE5
14 Install new pipe on upstream section moving hose into each new section as needed.
15 Backfill upstream section.
1734
I
STREAM FLOW

COUNTY Orange
BRIDGE NO. Pipe
S.R. No. 1734 Erwin Road
WBS No. 45337.1.5
N.C. D.O.T.
Division 7 Project Management
PIPE CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE6
16 Remove pump around system
17 Grade area for roadway.
18 Place traffic onto new roadway.
19 Place Rip Rap with filter fabric on slopes.
20 Seed and Mulch distrubed areas.
STREAM FLOW
Aw 'dew
,wt LEGENDS
1734
rees'.'.iS'7*i•��`.
�tc,_.. .� �_::raC•_.c:: ;w«5: ^.«.w.m':..3ao-a:.. _ ..„ :s�;;,'Mnt�.l�'^iR"it.`§

Project Trucking A'o. (Internal Use)
13 -03 -0024
'Won"
r
�G1IM0W HISTORIC ARCHICTECTURE AND LANDSCAPES
NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OR AFFECTED FORM
This form only pertains to Historic Architecture and Landscapes for this project. It
is not valid for Archaeological Resources. You must consult separately with the
Archaeology Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No:
W -5207E
County:
Orange
"S No.:
45337.1.5
Document
PCE
Type:
Fed. Aid No:
STP- 1734(8)
Funding:
❑ State ® Federal
Federal
❑ Yes ® No--
Permit
Pernut(s):
Ty e(s):
Proiect Description:
Construct roundabout at the intersection of SR 1734 (Erwin Road) and SR 1791 (Mt. Moriah Road) in
Orange County. Project length is approximately 600 feet. The existing right -of -way will remain the same.
There is an on -site detour with a temporary easement. The purpose of the project is to improve
intersection safety by increasing visibility and functionality of the roadway surface.
SUMMARY OF HISTORIC ARCHICTECTURE AND LANDSCAPES REVIEW
• There are no National Register - listed or Study Listed properties within the project's area of
potential effects.
• There are no properties less than fifty years old which are considered to meet Criteria
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effects.
• There are no properties within the project's area of potential effects.
• There are properties over fifty years old within the area of potential effects, but they do not
meet the criteria for listing on the National Register.
• There are no historic properties present or affected by this project. (Attach any notes or
documents as needed.)
Date of field visit: 3/25/13
Description of review activities, results, and conclusions:
Review of HPO quad maps, HPOweb GIS mapping, historic designations roster, and indexes was
conducted on 3/7/13. Based on this review, there are no NR, SI., LL or SS properties directly within the
Area of Potential Effects (APE), however there are a few properties over the age of fifty years old in the
APE according to Orange County GIS and tax records. A few other properties in the APE appear to be
possibly over the age of fifty but do not have dates listed on the tax records. These properties were in
need of identification and evaluation for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Additionally, north of the APE sits a surveyed site, Mount Moriah Church and Cemetery (OR0480). A
survey was required to identify and evaluate the properties over the age of fifty years old within the
project APE and assess for any potential effects.
Historic Architecture and Landscapes NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OR AFFECTED form for Minor Tmnsportalion Projects as 01fiviied in the [uu/
Programmatic Agreement
Page 1 of 5

4
R
f
t
Project location: intersection of Erwin
Road and Mt. Moriah Road, Orange
County.
The field survey was conducted on March 25, 2013. During the field survey, six properties were found to
fall within or near the APE and were documented. These included mostly one -story brick ranch houses or
small one -story frame cottages or outbuildings. All fall within the date range of the mid- twentieth century
and only two were listed according to tax records as being over the age of fifty years old. Three properties
had no year built dates listed according to tax records. The Mt. Moriah Baptist Church (OR0480) was
located well north of the project APE and will not be affected by project construction activities. All
properties located within the APE are sited with a generous amount of space between them and the
roadway, and are surrounded by wooded and cleared private acerage.
Historic Architecaa a and Landscaper NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OR AFFECTID farm for dfinor Traarportalimr Projects as Qrmtified in the 2007
Programmatic Agreement.
Page 2 of 5

V g: .
,i
�3•
House, =ca1950-i96
Al
OT _
r�
1�
i
z�
_ i J
Y �
yv 9b TK S3
3i'T"ii,� ° ^3 5t•�Y i.Tv�'�+'� Y _L �.�I
� c 3
1; r �. 1. t �• t- I v �=
NIUMMit"'Si {P`
IN I
r'S%att1t'°'4
Wita"'v''

{
z
6 '
i
I
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
Ilistorfc Architecn+re and Landscapes NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OR AFFECT ®form for dlutor Transportation Projects as Qua lifted in the 2007
Programmatic Agreememt.
Page 4 of 5

®Map(s) ❑Previous Survey Info. ®Photos ❑Correspondence ®Design Plans
FINDING BY NCDOT ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN
Historic Architecture and Landscapes — NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OF AFFECTED
Historian
ZCo/ 13
Date
Historic Architecita a and landscapes NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT OR .AFFECTED forin for d5nor Transportation Projects as Qnalijied io the 2007
Programmatic Agreement.
Page 5of5

S
7
1
qR{ @ o
� � §
# a
!
�
E }
z
0
�
�
0
�
(D
cr
0
�
�
�
CD
0
O
�
�
�
j
#
$
e
$
J
|
I
§
§
�
g
_/
C
\
k
\
•w
�
A
o
}
�
ƒ
§
(
2
�
{
!
�
S
7
1
qR{ @ o
� � §
# a
!
�
E }
z
0
�
�
0
�
(D
cr
0
�
�
�
CD
0
O
�
�

0 a
O
00
pip
ma
IN
Aso, t,
V, p
Icac e0
17,15.
S,V
z
0
0
:E
CD
Cr
0
CD
0
0
1<
z
CL
-CL
0 a
O
00
pip
ma
IN
Aso, t,
V, p
Icac e0
17,15.
S,V
z
0
0
:E
CD
Cr
0
CD
0
0
1<

F, 13 -03 -0024
NO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REQUIRED FORM,
�" +This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not
valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the.:e 7
er . P P y�� ;
Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: w -5207e County: Orange
WBS No: 45337.1.5 Document: PCE
F.A. No: STP- 1734(8) J Funding: ❑ State ® Federal
Federal Permit Required? ❑ Yes ® No Permit Type: N/A
Project Description: Construct roundabout at intersection of SR 1734 (Erwin Rd.) and SR 1791 (Mt.
Moriah Rd.). Area of Potential Effects (A.P.E.) is approximately 183 meters (600 ft.) long and 18 meters
(60 ft.) wide. Permanent easements required. Design plans provided.
SUMMARY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES REVIEW
Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
Review included examination of topographic map, aerial photograph, soil survey, and listings of
previously recorded sites, previous archaeological surveys, and previous environmental reviews at the
Office of State Archaeology.
Topographic map (Chapel Hill) shows the landforms within the A.P.E. have a low probability for
archaeological sites. The A.P.E. is located on a gently - sloped ridge side slope. The A.P.E. does not
encompass any streams.
The soil survey shows the soil in the A.P.E. is White Store loam (2 -6% slopes), a well- drained soil found
on ridges, and White Store clay loam (6 -15% slopes), an eroded soil.
The aerial photograph shows there are two houses within or adjacent to the A.P.E. Most of the A.P.E. is
used as residential yards or pasture.
There are no previously recorded archaeological sites near the A.P.E., the A.P.E. has not been previously
surveyed for archaeological sites, and the A.P.E. has not been previously reviewed by the State Historic
Preservation Office (HPO).
.Brief Explanation of why the available information provides a reliable basis for reasonably predicting
that there are no unidentified historic properties in the APE:
The review indicates the project has little potential to impact any archaeological sites. The A.P.E. is
located on a gently sloped ridge side slope and does not include any streams. This landform has little
potential for prehistoric archaeological sites. There are no previously recorded sites within or near the
project.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: ® Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info
❑ Photocopy of County Survey Notes
FINDING BY NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST
NO ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY REQUIRED
CALEB SMITH
❑ Photos ❑Correspondence
Other: aerial photograph; soil survey
4/5/2013
NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST I1 Date
"No ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY REQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 1007 Progranmialic Agreement.
1 of 6

'40
143 00 000140 ­J To
A
j, 1 log A
�w SAW,
ski.
QW,
At
t mom v-
all.
`V
WE
k 3,
"A
jcd�
77 Q� ely
"On
111;1 11-00
RAW
Ar
o
F: LAI
SAS
as qq
zj1Z
�41
>A noon
"4-
Zvi 'M
'7zED
&7
Q A-
>Pun
. .... ...
c­
N
121,
It"farr. c SAY "goo
"AG
­15
Pb
� MIA
Tt
.-NIT �w,
f"F7 ��f
NOW 01
MIN
jr • ,.wjZ-
A-, J
1',%R`Mww,, =5 4,
4­1
KT -�i 'j 5
OEM V"n
won
WIN N
U Son
f
all T. T 0
14
a immix ZAAMONS_ ,
I S
nil - Q _f 4.
- A A _g
" z`�i A a 1 Q A =%ww" I
OF%,
In I
VOLK q_ 1 * "i
su
ft, - V
j
5
p iaue e
Ai-1, 10'A"
P
still, 1c, k

d
d
d
0
6
a
0
C'
i�
0
0
N
d
S_
G
d
6
O1
C
y
u
O
S
O
Q
O W
4 O
'6 �
H
O
_Z
L
V
C
J
Oi
j
j
O
O
V
v
U
C
C
0
z

z
e
`o
z
0
�a
0
i
4
0
0
N
d
t
O
�l
y
a
5
V
d
O
C
0
a
��
y. O
6 �
O
G
Y
C
w
C
j
Oi
C
c
C�
0
V
O
V
TP
`V
V
C
Q
Z

,•� ,�� �i ;_.. Diu . ��,��..t:.
tn
.L 0 45
AArl
�.S ��a`c�'r,�a' Ste) ^✓. y—=•' ..
}� ..rY ,�✓.x,a^•*w'M "..,- ., "� .a' ilk 'r�.w> ,,....,�>�
iwJ,
±F (•
�tts
�:�c w�: •• �t�
1
ECT
�, �x
"No ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY REQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projects as Oual f ed rn the 2007 Programmatic
s t. i !i
�y M'€�'' . x ,f" xfa J� a w 3 r'r ✓ 5 " '�:� I.r3 Y� t� My :.-, t �4 ° � l� � Y „w ,^ (} �...«, �„_m' \ ..
b ��' i x � �'.'yt�l � rqr =P ✓a'. ` ��,,fifi '��s\ "rr • h� ",f a,t A-; ;d °�a�n.�ia
3 M.^., '•,., �r_� .�,�xf ,�, a'� offs t.;��-'mq�� .r3,�`�ps,�';k�. <*�.. ='t x� J s r,�,...-- :°'°tr',,,"'' _.
��.. -"�+• it � �' �§ t`y .,.. -. � i� a„'`.r'� (jjy�i�'{`� � _...s^° �.✓J , ..,,. d Lr�
_ � �� • �.f `� 8 ,€ }3�,y , 7+ ° �„r'., ✓".'^, it ii '! i.--� � ,�e �..."'° � ,i���f, ,
v
R �w ..L „a � i .,, �3 g„_, F sbr'a :. F-'; '. ".r,+r`, -^ "m..;,.,, "'=: y
� � ,� �^ � x� y #f l,,r��w�i�' „4�� a� � ••A'” �a• �� iR `. 1 �i r�, ^'” „„} ,`�- ��t� V':': �r''"`�. �I�°?%At`�.`'^.°��:� Z i, � ” a r_ ,
�},}
.f "= :.,✓i°"'•`
era: t, e05
-�"' c '4f'i `x •-`�`'-�t �' i K' ( 4".^ft � t fi. `� „w� �� `y1 a j� r .'° :�5�� ��+°a yk., " '� � �,..
,��'� `sin4' ^� ••'• " 3- k,� Y 'f''..^' r< _ ! `�.� (zfki`�•t T. a` «4 � il�' 4 !a.) z*. �s
i t
�t yj q^� i 1 yyt�� y 13 �) �-• y. & i' � ,• s
t.``',', 'f+s . �< " f'�G�{�J .;h� �Y r 1.ka` mob% T''i�t'a.AS.sw ,..+► 1!� ,• �i'�1 � i��J 4 ��i� r. }i'«a..
��''' �,`.,�, ',1C� j"�✓'°.,...i i', g3 'ae� <•�z F,4�`:> r`� ' �,`_..,�',- �i;3"..:-v4• -° «,t ^-'.i i� s°' ^� r'�,;»a'.....rs�- � rs"" fl r' gar"
Q
T'+e+. ?a'
"'`.,,,.' -w` � `.: z�.e€�',�.'�'. =.,` .�.`+�„3 1'7 3'� `"�'}= ,�-`?4.�s �. i d x a� 3 , t.,,�9`-^•� d, , _ 'ter �2 � _
,t ++.tI1tW. ,_.V'�Oi�,!.. � �%;�- -�,ti,,. � ..�r'r' :M #' r�i �.•a•r -'��ik f ? i Y `' �'��' "' ,T`��.....a' � �t i � <�,W".'.- : A'�T
' i `�" "' erg% _' ♦! i i "`, S'" a'" �i r IZ ,
4 • 3' t ,y� "' �;d u.'.! `� R.� i t�Lt#ti x lU� �' '; 7 ! 'ry
:.'r q � t' ,�^ Y ' d � ._. �;� `' , y. °i • �1<'w`S«a J��,dy ,r € �'s yry,�
Figure 5: Location of the SR 1734/SR 1791 Roundabout on the Office of State Archaeology
topographic map.
Agreement
6 of 6
t t
k.
`
rte.. "3•r•.°i.. �^..�.+• T i��
±F (•
�tts
�:�c w�: •• �t�
1
ECT
�, �x
"No ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY REQUIRED "form for Minor Transportation Projects as Oual f ed rn the 2007 Programmatic
s t. i !i
�y M'€�'' . x ,f" xfa J� a w 3 r'r ✓ 5 " '�:� I.r3 Y� t� My :.-, t �4 ° � l� � Y „w ,^ (} �...«, �„_m' \ ..
b ��' i x � �'.'yt�l � rqr =P ✓a'. ` ��,,fifi '��s\ "rr • h� ",f a,t A-; ;d °�a�n.�ia
3 M.^., '•,., �r_� .�,�xf ,�, a'� offs t.;��-'mq�� .r3,�`�ps,�';k�. <*�.. ='t x� J s r,�,...-- :°'°tr',,,"'' _.
��.. -"�+• it � �' �§ t`y .,.. -. � i� a„'`.r'� (jjy�i�'{`� � _...s^° �.✓J , ..,,. d Lr�
_ � �� • �.f `� 8 ,€ }3�,y , 7+ ° �„r'., ✓".'^, it ii '! i.--� � ,�e �..."'° � ,i���f, ,
v
R �w ..L „a � i .,, �3 g„_, F sbr'a :. F-'; '. ".r,+r`, -^ "m..;,.,, "'=: y
� � ,� �^ � x� y #f l,,r��w�i�' „4�� a� � ••A'” �a• �� iR `. 1 �i r�, ^'” „„} ,`�- ��t� V':': �r''"`�. �I�°?%At`�.`'^.°��:� Z i, � ” a r_ ,
�},}
.f "= :.,✓i°"'•`
era: t, e05
-�"' c '4f'i `x •-`�`'-�t �' i K' ( 4".^ft � t fi. `� „w� �� `y1 a j� r .'° :�5�� ��+°a yk., " '� � �,..
,��'� `sin4' ^� ••'• " 3- k,� Y 'f''..^' r< _ ! `�.� (zfki`�•t T. a` «4 � il�' 4 !a.) z*. �s
i t
�t yj q^� i 1 yyt�� y 13 �) �-• y. & i' � ,• s
t.``',', 'f+s . �< " f'�G�{�J .;h� �Y r 1.ka` mob% T''i�t'a.AS.sw ,..+► 1!� ,• �i'�1 � i��J 4 ��i� r. }i'«a..
��''' �,`.,�, ',1C� j"�✓'°.,...i i', g3 'ae� <•�z F,4�`:> r`� ' �,`_..,�',- �i;3"..:-v4• -° «,t ^-'.i i� s°' ^� r'�,;»a'.....rs�- � rs"" fl r' gar"
Q
T'+e+. ?a'
"'`.,,,.' -w` � `.: z�.e€�',�.'�'. =.,` .�.`+�„3 1'7 3'� `"�'}= ,�-`?4.�s �. i d x a� 3 , t.,,�9`-^•� d, , _ 'ter �2 � _
,t ++.tI1tW. ,_.V'�Oi�,!.. � �%;�- -�,ti,,. � ..�r'r' :M #' r�i �.•a•r -'��ik f ? i Y `' �'��' "' ,T`��.....a' � �t i � <�,W".'.- : A'�T
' i `�" "' erg% _' ♦! i i "`, S'" a'" �i r IZ ,
4 • 3' t ,y� "' �;d u.'.! `� R.� i t�Lt#ti x lU� �' '; 7 ! 'ry
:.'r q � t' ,�^ Y ' d � ._. �;� `' , y. °i • �1<'w`S«a J��,dy ,r € �'s yry,�
Figure 5: Location of the SR 1734/SR 1791 Roundabout on the Office of State Archaeology
topographic map.
Agreement
6 of 6

•---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
y
SBCOSSSYSTIME$$**$
C
$$5$USERNAME$*$$ GN9ssc8i�e;eie�sss�
09/88/99,
i
C NTRACT.
TIP PROJECT.-
W -5207E
0
0
0
O
0
o
n
O O
O
O
O
D
y
r_
vJ
r.
,
C3
` c,
Q-
c5co n
Hy
� La
4i �• Qi
antiaa
C N N
Z n S
V
P
co
j
.�.I < 'i 0
A
r-Dn II It II II 11 It II
G rho
Z
a
i
0 O.
7mor II D14 w a
A = w
O
z
O
.y
nO �]
U
N
O
m(�
0
cc
A-. r
N O 7RYA V
IO
.a �r o y
�
y
C
n
b
r
rr � CN
+ �4
w
a i
4f
� i w
I
u�
Nz
b
Sn
Z
O
' J
N
2J, e
s
o�
O
4�p�b
y
� 'Z9
n
O
z
n
0
z
I
roa ;
I
b
t
i
i
I I�
y
I a
N I
N '
O
' V '
� rn
i
i
i

'
------_-_—_'__—__--_—__—'---_-----_----_---__-----_--__'_-__—__-----_--___-_---___-__-----'__'---------'--_--'�
� !
. |
�
� .
|
,
m^
A(
cn
mo
a���u
Fo
No
rQ'
Ir
�_rn
im
1100
(1611
tn
a~
�
p
r �
/ �
u
�
�
� �
S
cn
mo
Fo
No

-- - - - - -- ------------ - - - - -- - -- -------------------- - - - - -- - - --------------------------- - - - - -- ---- - - - - -- ------ - - - - -- ------------------ - - - - -- ------ - - - - -- ----- - - - - -- ----------------------------------------
I �
' REVISIONS
RW REVISIONS: REVISED THE EXISTING RIGHT OF WAY ON PARCEL 5 and 6. DJC M512 RW REVISIONS: Removed TCE and revised proposed RW on parcel 5. DJC 12/05412
RW REVISONS: REVISED PARCEL NUMBERS. DJC 62142
RW REVISIONS: ADDED PUE AND DUE. REVISED TCE. DJC 8,06412
_ _ _ _ RW REVISONS: ADDED DRIVEWAY CONNECTION AND TCE ON PARCEL 1. DJC 9/20412 _
r
.Ores
r.Azr s
CO)
R
92 W
N d
0
�° 7n 0
z y
r
� g�y d
'7
r
,
A�
x
y m 6
Apt I
c
a ■ ■ It ■/1 ■ n a ■ 9 V_I
8� 8 LIZ
Z r
v
Dv x,- Ir-oDb
■ ■ ■ n a tn ■
u u ■ ■iii
t2.. ��� ' �
"�A
a
y r
.~..
■ a a n ■VI
a O
■ ■ ■ a II�
ylw
Y
r
I
a ti"R-0
zc'2s
�~
r OA..rx,
• v �
W
V
lerl
V., 1zl
N�
pD
i t
Tr
�tl nc�
wV F
0o j— rr�[yeF
++ °
x
G� A fy
° ov
N
0
0m
r_ °
a Z
+ E e
R
^ � Z
_ o O
7fF
L7Y
MFR f
C
+ n
a � �s
vl°
+o a
�a
° q Q
r-
P
o'
> � {m
1 -
� ra
8
z i
In
gg
Zm
a
}
a ti"R-0
zc'2s
�~
r OA..rx,
• v �
W
V
lerl
V., 1zl
N�
pD
i t
Tr
�tl nc�
wV F
0o j— rr�[yeF
++ °
x
G� A fy
° ov
N
0
0m
r_ °
a Z
+ E e
R
^ � Z
_ o O
7fF
L7Y
MFR f
C
+ n
a � �s
vl°
+o a
�a
° q Q
r-
P
o'
> � {m
1 -
� ra
8
z i
In
�z
Zm
a
}
0