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NC0033111_Water Analysis Report_19830315
ROSE AND ,4SSOCIATES , P. A . Planners — Engineers — Surveyors A March 15, 1983 NC a Resources Department of Natura l 1 and CommunityDevelopment elopment P.O . Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 2761 1 -7687 Attention : Mr . Randy Williams Reference: Northeast Craven Utility Co. Fairfield Harbour WWTP Expansion FHS-8101 Dear Randy : Reference is made to our conversation on March 10th regarding nitrogen and phosphate test results at the above subject facilities . We are enclosing copies of Southern Testing and Re- search Labs, Inc . test results dated September 10, 1982 showing influent and effluent results for nitro- gen, ammonia and phosphate. Additional test data may be available through Environment I , if you feel this would be beneficial . If we may be of any assistance to help expedite your waste load allocations, please feel free to advise. Sincerely, Jo h W. Rose, P. E . President JWR : rr Encl . cc : Roger Thorpe 213 Broad St . PO Box 1248 New Bern , N C 28560 919/633- 4300 _.' 'JO.@-Rll� r 1 t 98 2 File: SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS, INCiu or,hwC•orollate 2111113 1.t.phon.: 1119n314117s Copies: -?irt)62--- WATER ANALYSIS REPORT ^ S / U / Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 285G0 Analysis No. Marked (On-Site Analyses) Received8/24 & 8/30/82 A. 8/24/82, Aeration basis, 1200 hrs. B. 8/24, Influent, 1215 hrs. C. 8/24, Effluent, 1230 hrs. D. 8/25, Aeration basis, 1115 hrs. A ( _) fi ( ) C ( ) D ( __) pN 7.4 6.9 't`otal Solids (mg/L) • Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) 1 Total Suspended Solids (mglL) I _ TotTL.ssolved Solids (mg/L) I _� HOD (mg/L) , COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) {mg/I) o je a Nitrogen (mg/L) Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L_f) _ Total Phosphate (as PJjm ►/L) Poly Phosphate (as P) (ing/L) Chlorides (CL) m /L T ( K )Oil & Grease (mg/L) I Phenols Alg/L) 1 VormaIdehyyde (ni */I.) Fecal Coliform (/100 ml) ; CTr-True (Pt-Co units) Cyanide (ug/L) - Chromium - Total - (mg/L) _ -____, y Ifexvalent - (mg/L) Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (m /L)_ Zinc (mg/l.) t Nickel (mg/L) I Temperature °C 1 L8 28 28 28 Dissolved Oxygen 3.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 -- _ r— —` . ,Iundura Slrth1,.l. I,t the I aunn.IutI,,n of Muter unu IYa•'e Kutrr. SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. SO/ Port Avenue Wilson,Nona Carolina 2711113 Tolophono •19/237-417S $ q WATER ANALYSIS REPORT • Sept 10, 1982 Name Fairfield Harbour Date a 750 Broad Creek Road - Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. 4 Marked (On-Site Analyses) Received 4 A. 8/25, Influent, 1130 hrs. 1 B. 8/25, Effluent, 1145 hrs. C. 8/26, Aeration Basin, 1030 hrs. D. 8/26, Influent, 1015 hrs. ' A ( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( pH J �1 Total Solids (mg/L) z_� 7 Total Volatile Solids mg/L Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) , Total D-ssolved Solids (mg/L) ' BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/L) , Ammonia (as N) (mg/L) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) 'i Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) (nig/L) Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) OH & Grease (mg I,) — — Phenols ,/l, y• _ r--- FormaIdehy e (m;7L) Fecal Coliform (/100 ml) - CoIor-True (Pt-Co units), Cyanide (,ug/L) Chromium - Total - mg/L) . exva ent - (mg/ ..) Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) ... Zinc (mg7L) Nickel (mg/L) Temperature °C 29 27 (' Dissolved Oxygen 0.0 5.0 :2.9 p,1 ,n , r — —--- -- - --- Slandurd Melhuds for I hr f'xu',iinuttun n/ Mawr and N'ur.le *ale,. I ' - __-..,M... _ ._.. _ - - r s - ram— I i SOUTHERN TESTING AND ItESFAD,CE LABS. INC. nue M lson Pori' Cooling MP Telephone: tnt,n3741n j i i WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road _ Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. I Marked (On-Site Analyses) Received A. 8/26, Effluent, 1045 hrs. B. 8/27, Aeration Basin, 1100 hrs. C. 8/27, ,Influent, 1045 hrs. D. 8/27, Effluent, 1115 hrs. A ( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) pH 7.1 70 6.7 Total Solids mg/L ' ' _ _ ,„ Total VolatileS Solids (mg/L) , Total Supended Solids m ILA_ Total D.ssolved Solids (mg BOD (mg/L) , COD (mg/L) 1 Ammonia (as N) (mg/I.) Total KjeIdahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) i , Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) (mq/L) + Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Grease (mg/L) _ i 1 Phenolsg/L) i I Formaldehyyde (mgb/1.) _ Fecal Coliform (/100 ml) Color-True (Pt-Co units) _ Cyanide 4ug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) Nexvalent - m /L) — Trivalent - (mg LI opper mJ , Zinc (mg/L) . Nickel (mg/L) 1 Temperature °C 27 24) _i 26 26 _ Dissolved Oxygen 6.0 1.0 0.0 6.0 _ • ;__ ....E.:— H [- • Stwu'&...:MethJJs for the I lununatrnn o! 4ater unJ M'uste Water. •SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. �07 Port AromasNorthC...IIIS 211116 T.I.pl.n.: 11 u/2»417$ WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. Marked (On-Site Analyses) Received A. 8/28, Aeration Basin, 1045 hrs. B. H/28, Influent, 1030 hrs. C. 8/28, Effluent, 1100 hrs. D. 8/29, Aeration Basin, 1130 hrs. A ( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) H 7_l 7 Q5 otal Solids (mg/L) _ Total Volatile Solids (mg/L� _ Total Suspended Solids (m L) , Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) , BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as ? ) mg Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (meL) Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) `I - Total Phosphate (as I)) (m ;/L) Poly—Phosphate (as P) (m1/L) Chlorides (CL (ing/L) ,' Oil & Grease in g/L i epos 1 orma a yc a (mg I) FecalColiform (/100 ml) ` , Co or-True (Pt-Co units) . Cyanide (dug/Lj Chromium - Total - (mg/I..) _ , IlexvaIent - (m /L) j Trivalent - (iu7L) I , CopPe r (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L) , N'kel (mg/L) l Temperature Or 5 25 25 25 Di SSnlvPd Oxygen _ 2�u _ 0.0 6.0 2.0 , 1 t JtaiJwJ Mi thjJ� /or 1hr, Uliaminuuun uj $ater and Waste Water. 807 Path Avenue SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LIES. INC. Wilson.North CorolfM 271193 Telephone: 91•/237417S WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Fairfield Harbour Name Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. Marked (on-site Analyses) Received A. 8/29, Influent, 1115 hrs. B. 8/29, Effluent, 1145 hrs. .•�7 C. 8/30, Aeration Basin, 1145 hrs. •D. 9/30, Influent, 1130 hrs. r°� • 7 A ( ) B ) C ( ) D ( ) —FM 7.2 r 6.4 7.05 Total Solids mg/L) •. %" Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) • Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) - t Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) BOD (mg/L.) , COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) (mg/I) TotafKjeldihl Nitrogen (mg/L) - -Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) , Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) ( /L_) —' m Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) ' Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) i Oil & Grease (mg/L) Phenols (.u(;/1.} ....______. r_-_--_ Formaldehy de (m 7L) Fecal Coliform (/100 ml) 1 ' - r C:o or-True (Pt-Co units) Cyanide (Ng/L) , 1 Chromium - Total - (mg/L) r �, exvl as ent - (mg/L) Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) ) Zinc (mg/L • �— I Nickel (mg/L) , Temperature °C i 25 26 ( 25 25 Dissolved Oxygen ~^ �.0 � .0 2.0 u.0 L i _ . • i • \Wilda,ii Nrlh.,.ls for Ow I-4,r•, "rlriul a/ IIu.•• ugil Ilactr It,itrr. SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. GOT Amos ,�or°llas 2711113 T.LOhon.: 91I/237-41111 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. Marked (On-Site Analyses) Received A. 8/30, Effluent, 1200 hrs. B. C. D. A ( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) pII • 6.8 TotaI Solids (mg/L) Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) Total Suspended Solids (zn •• 'L) TotalL.ssolved Solids (mg/L) IIOD (mom/L) -4 COD me_(____A_________ mmo( a (as m� Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) _ Total Phoe ohate (as P) (m =/!4) PolyPhosphate (as P) img7L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Crease (mg/L) , —P iienols (ug/L) 1 Formaldehyyde (m /L) Fecal Coliform (p100 nil) Color-True Pt-Co units) Cyanide (tug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) Ilexvalent -jmg/L) Trivalent - (mg/L) _. Copper (mg/L) j Zinc (mg/Lj t Nickel (mg/L) L Temperature °U f 25 Dissolved Oxygen 1 6.0 -1 .._ _._.. ;__- __�.-_.._..._ .._. 1 1i --- • '1andord All I/1,.,.. Jl.r the l.„wn;m,rltuh „l Halm rinr! 14',4tilr 11'rrlrr, s - "-"JLY 4 1 !qp7 Job:,--- ..— , . File: Enclosures: SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. II ;j,. GOT Park Avorw Wilson,North CM.1tor MU T.Nphow.: t1111/23141n WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. 7/8G 1-4 Marked Received 8/25/82 A. 8/24/82, Influent B. 8/24/82, Effluent 'I C. 8/24/82, Return Sludge ,}1 , D. 8/25/82, Influent , 7 ° ,_ A 1 B ( 778G 2 ) C ( 778G 3 ) D ( /78G 4 ) pN ( 6_.Y 7.7 6.1 Total Solids (mg/L) 893 581 713 Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 155.0 6.7 ` 30,950.0 140 Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/Lj BOD (mg/L) 190 _ 12 135 COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) pig/I.) 25.5 2.6 23.2 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 36.7 4.9 32.5 Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) (in IL) 10.6 11.7 1 9.9 Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) i I Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) I Oil & Grease (mg/L) -I i 1 Phenols g/l.) . _ �. Formaldehyde (m IL) i 1 Fecal Coliformj/100 ml) I ! Co or-True (Pt-Co units) Cyanide 4ug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) r • Ilexvalent - (m JL) !� Trivalent - (mg/L) !' Copper (mg/L) ! j Zinc (mg/L 1 Nickel (mg�L) i . Tot. Volatile Sus. Solids I 23.150.0 I , _ ____._1 ._.__�_____-- --__-- 1.._. --( • S:c.ridurd Methods. J,, the I'.unnn,it,,ni ui N,er and iiusb. Nuter. • SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. MN �Molina 2711113 T.I.ynon.: 010/237-4175 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. 778E 5-6 Marked Received 8/25/82 A. 8/25/82, Effluent B. 8/25/82, Return Sludge C. D. IA (778c 5 J B ( 778G ) C ( ) D (.--__) 7.8 Total Solids (mg/I.) 581 Total Volatile Solids mg/L 1 Total Suspended Solis (mg/L) 25.3 24.900 T— oalD.ssolved Solids (mg/L) f • HOD (mg/I.) 11 COD mg/L) mmon a as m 2.1 o je a Nitrogen (mg L) 5.6 Nitrate (as N_) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) 8_9 Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Grease (mg/L) _ +_ Phenols (1u /I) Formaldelcyde (mg6/L) Fecal ('oliform (/100 ml)+ Co or-'Prue (Pt-Co units) 4 Y Cyanide (,ug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) < 0.05 liexvalent - (mg/L) Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (m /L) 0,03 Zinc (mg/L) 0,05 , Nickel (mg/L) < 0.05 Tot Volatile Sus. Solids 18,000.0 Lead < 0.1 Cadmium I < 0.01 • S,.ndurd Mrrho% for the /*Aumo lation of Outer and µuste Welter. SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. !o Na;h Caroline Mei T.Lpbone 91e/237•417S 1 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 Analysis No. 806G 1-4 Marked Received 8/27/s2 A. 8/26/82, Influent B. 8/26/82, Effluent C. 8/26/82, Return Sludge D. 8/27/82, Influent A ( 806G 1 ) B ( 806G 2 ) c f306G :3 ) D (806G 4 ) pH 6_1 7.7 ` 6.1 'total Solids m /L r-- 821 ` 603 823 Total Volatile SolidsL1) _ Total Suspended Solids (m /L) 200.0 23.0 2/8 3 3. 3— 1 150.0 T o al D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) _ I3OD (mg L) 1/8 9 203 COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) (mg/I,) 21 .0 2.') 21.6 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 34,7 4.9 36.1 Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) k_____ _ Total Phos l ate (as 1') (m /L) • j _,— Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) 10.1 8.9 1u.2 Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Grease mg/LU l Phenols (,ug/1) ` 1 I 1 Formaldehyde (mg/I.) I Fecal ('oliform (/100 nil) Color-True (Pt-Co units) Cyanide (eg/L) • ' Chromium - Total - (mg/L) Hexvalent - (mg/L) 1 Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) Zinc (mg/L) J f Nickel (mg/L) _ Tot. Volatile Sus. Solids 20,000.0 4 • t - • Slandurd Millio.b. !or the 1 xamrm4trun tq hater ane! 11t.ste Kate,. SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. 1107 Nort a.ttti MIN T.Lyhoe.: Ol e/237.1171 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Name Fairfield Harbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road - Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 • Analysis No. 806G 5-6 - Marked Received 8/27/82 A✓ 8/27/82, Effluent B. 8/27/82, Return Sludge C. D. A (806G 5 ) B ( 806G 6 ) C ( ) D ( ) _ 7.9 oral Solids (mg/L) 607 Total Volatile Solis mg/L Total Suspended Solids (m /L) 17.0 21,400.(1 f Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) HOD (mg/L) 12 _ ' COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) (mg/I.) 2.4 _ . Total KKeldah7Nitrogen (ink/L) 5.2 • Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Total Phosphate (as P) (mb/L) 9.1 ' Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Grease (hng/L) _ Phenols g/L) Formaldehyde (m r/L) t Fecal Coliform (/100 ml) 1 - ' • r. Color-True (Pt-Co units) Cyanide (mg/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) llexvalent - (mg/L) v riva ent - (mg/L) Copper (m /L) Zinc (mg L Nickel (mg L) Tot. Volatile Sus. Solids 15,000.0 1 - • Standard Methods jar the I ununutiun et hater and Haste %ufcr. SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. perk Avenue 2111113 T.1•yhexr• 919/23?-417S • WATER ANALYSIS REPORT 1 Fairfield Harbour Name 750 Broad Creek Road Date Sept 10, 1982 • New Bern, N. C. 2£85(10 • Address Analysis No. 829G 1-4 Marked Received 8/31/82 A. Influent, 8/28/82 B. Effluent, 8/28/82 C. Return Sludge, 8/28/82 D. Influent, 8/29/82 • A ( 829G 1 ) B ( 829G 2 ) C ( 820G 3 ) D ( 829C, 4_) pH 5_9 7_6 5.7 Total Solids (mg/L) 741 602 771) Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) + _ Total Suspended Solis (rng/L) 123. 3 _ 11.4 _ .61>1,,7 150.0 —� Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) 13OD (mg/L.) 119 9 182 , COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as N) (mg/I.) 18.8 2.0 20.2 _ Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) _�, 4_3 33.3 , Nitrate (as NJ (mg/L; _ , , Ortho Phosphate has P) (mg/L� Total Phosphate (as P) Smg/L.) 10. 5 6.5 q• Poly Phosphate (as P) (mg L) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) ~- Oil & Grease (rng/L) Phenols 4ug/L) Formaldehyde tm .,71.) bb h --, Fecal ('oliform (/100 ml) Color-True (Pt-Co units) 1 Cyanide (dug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) <0.05 IlexvaIent - (mg/L) i TrTvaIent - (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) 0.02 Zinc (mg/L) 0.02 Nickel (mg L) < 0.05 _ 1--- Tot . Volatile Sus. Solids 8,333. 3 r <. 0. 1 z Lead — — -4 , C.,.lrni wn - 0.01 N — _ 1 i _. 1 Standard ,Nrfh,,l- ' . the I* ,..u,..le,en nj Wager ,n,. It.4..te• lle,ler. 1 SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS. INC. w Nor, Carolina Mtn Tot.yhon•: Y1V/23141175 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Fairfield Harbour Sept. 10, 1982 Name 750 Broad Creek Road Date New Bern, N. C. 28560 829G 5-6 • Address Analysis No. • Marked Received 8/31/82 A. Effluent, 8/29/82 B. Return Sludge, 8/29/82 C. Influent, 8/30/82 D. Effluent, 8/30/82 • . A (829G 5 ) B (829G r, ) C (829G 7 ) D ( 829E 8 ) pA 7.8 6.0 7.8 Total Solids (mg/L) 591 1101 628 Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) Total Suspended Solids (ing/L) 24.000,0 386.7 19.0 Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/L) BOD (mg/I.) 1.1 • 257 11 1 COD (mg/L) _ Ammonia (as N) (mg/L'I 2.2 25.8 2.4 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 5.2 34.7 5.3 Nitrate (as N (nib,/L) Ortho Phosphate its P) (mg/I.) _ Total Phosphate (as P) (m ►I6 L) 7.7 t 1 . .J 6.6 _ Poly Phosphate (as P) (mggII.)) Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) I OH & Grease (ing/L) -- Phenols�ii; 1) .__ 1 FormaIde�ivde (n1 ; I Fecal l'oli�`orm1/100 ml) Color-True Pt-Co units) _ _ Cyanide (oug/L) ; Chromiwn - Total - (mg/L) Ilexvalent - (mg/L) Trivalent - (mg/L) I Copper (m /L) `_ i Zinc (mg/L) I Nickel (mg/L) -1-- 1 l Tot. Volatile Sus. Solids I 15,000.0 1 L i 7 1- , -----i r ._.. I , i -- , -- I � ._ . ._.___ slant,„,,!Afrowds be the FAco,unrtlt.,,i ,,( it„„ , ,.,,.: I:.r�r,. I..tlr• • • SOUTHERN TESTING AND RESEARCH LABS, INC. Pere @lame GOT : Norte C t.atti:7tfa T.a.Olm.: maii3i4»s WATER ANALYSIS REPORT • Name Fairfield Barbour Date Sept 10, 1982 750 Broad Creek Road Address New Bern, N. C. 28560 • Analysis No. 829G 9 Marked • Received 8/31/82 A. Return Sludge, 8/30/82 B. C. D. . A ( 829G 9 ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) EH + Total Solids (mg/L Total Volatile Solids (mg/L) • Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 12,•jr0 (, Total D.ssolved Solids (mg/U) fi BOD (mg/L) (( . COD (mg/L) Ammonia (as (mg/I,) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) — Nitrate (as N) (mg/L) Ortho Phosphate (as P) m /LU • Total Phosphate (as P) (mg ) PoI Phosphate (as P) (mg/L) •- T Chlorides (CL) (mg/L) Oil & Grease (mg/L) 1 Phenols (Aug/l. 1 Formaldehyde(n►g►/I.) r Fecal C'oliform (/100 ml) I Color-True (Pt-Co units) . Cyanide (oug/L) Chromium - Total - (mg/L) IlexvaTent - (mg/L) ! t Trivalent - (mg/L) Copper (mg/L) f I Zinc (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) , 1 Tot. Volatile Sus. Solids j 15,250.0 1 —. -- - - --- -- --- Jtondu,,! ;hods jut she /'aarnm a:ur( (.! *ut.•r tn,. N,r•,te *tart.