20191640 Ver 1_Minor Variance_20210804

Water Resources
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
15A NCAC 02B .0233 (8)(b), .0243 (8)(b), .0250 (11)(b), .0259 (8)(b), .0267 (11)(c), .0607 (e)(2)
Protection and Maintenance of Riparian Areas Rules - Variance Application
E-FORM VAR 10-2018
Submittal Application dated 8/4/2021
A. General Project Information
For instructions on how to fill out this form, see the Major and Minor Variance Help Document posted on DWR's 401 & Buffer
Permitting page.
Please note: fields marked with a red asterisk * below are required. You will not be able to submit the form until all mandatory questions
are answered.
la. Is this a transportation
project?*
r Yes
r No
B. Please Identify Which Riparian Area Protection Rule Applies:
1. Type of Variance:
r Major Variance
C' Minor Variance
A
Link to the 401 and Buffer Permitting Statues and Rules: https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-rules/401-
certification-express-review -statutes-rules-guides
C' Neuse River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0233)
✓ Catawba River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0243)
✓ Randleman Lake Watershed (15A NCAC 02B.0250)
✓ Tar -Pamlico River Basin (15A NCAC 02B.0259)
✓ Jordan Lake Watershed (15A NCAC 02B.0267)
C. Applicant/Owner Information
Who is submitting the application:*
Primary Contact:
Primary Contact Email:
1. Property Owner:
la. Name:*
1 b. Title:
r Owner
fJ
Applicant other than
Owner
17 Agent
Check all that apply.
McKenzie Olmsted
This is for who should be notified if a paynent is required.
[e-mail]
Alfred G. Childers

lc. Mailing Address:*
Street Address
106 East Laurenbrook Court
Address Line 2
City State / Bovine/ Region
Cary NC
Fbstal / Zip Code Country
27518-6844 US
Id. Telephone:* 9195229301
le. Email Address:*
[e-mail]
2. Applicant Information (if different from owner):
2a. Name:*
2b. Company Affiliation:
2c. Mailing Address:*
2d. Telephone:*
2e. Email Address:*
McKenzie Olmsted
Loyd Builders
Street Address
2501 Reliance Avenue
Address Line 2
City State / Rovince / Region
Apex NC
Fbstal / Zip Code Country
27539-6347 US
9193871455
[e-mail]
2f. Attach a signed and dated copy of the authorization granting the applicant owner approval. An agent
authorization form is acceptable.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
CCE_20191126_234710_0001 (1).pdf 42.9KB
FCF only
3. Agent Information:
3a. Name:*
3b. Company Affiliation:*
3c. Mailing Address:*
3d. Telephone:*
McKenzie Olmsted
Loyd Builders
Street Address
2501 Reliance Ave
Address Line 2
City State / Bovine/ Region
Apex NC
Fbstal / Zip Code Country
27539 US
9193871455

3e. Email Address:*
[e-mail]
3f. Attach an agent authorization form.*
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
CCE_20191126_234710_0001 (1).pdf
FDF Only
D. Project Information
1. Project Name:*
2. County(ies)*
Wake
3. Property Location:
3a. Property Address:*
Street Address
212 Edinburgh Drive
Address Line 2
42.9KB
58 Macgregor Downes
(Subdivision, facility, or establishment nano)
City State / R ovine / Region
Cary NC
Fbstal / Zip Code Country
27511-6408 US
3b. Latitude:
35.7443453
3c. Longitude:
-78.798732
3d. Attach an 8'/2 x 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the USGS topographic map indicating the location
of the site.
Cickthe upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
USGS topo.pdf 287.38KB
FDF Only
* USGS Topo lookup
3e. Attach an 8'/z x 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the published County NRCS Soil Survey Map
depicting the project site.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
20210804_10320310743_18_Soil_Report.pdf
FDF only
532.04KB
Link to Soil Surveys for North Carolina Counties. (Please see instructions in the Help Document to determine the most recent
published version.)
4. Property Information:
4a. Parcel Identification Number (PIN)
0752957961
4b. Date Property Purchased:

01/31/2018
rmldd/yyyy
4c. Type
Book#
Page#
of Book
Deed
017035
00260
Map
4d. Attach a copy of the recorded map that indicates when the lot was last platted.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
LOT58MD (19).pdf
FCF Only
130.41 KB
4e. Is your project in one of the 20 Coastal Counties covered under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA)? *
r Yes F No
4f. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?*
r Yes r No Unknown
4i. Directions to site from nearest major intersection:*
From intersection of US1 and US64 take US64W. Take 1st right onto Edinburgh Drive. Site is on left.
5. Stream associated with riparian buffer to be impacted by the proposed activity:
Name
Swift Creek
Water Quality Classification
7. List any permits/approvals that have been requested or obtained for this project in the past.
E. Proposed Activity
1. Provide a detailed description of the proposed activity including its purpose:*
Cantilever of a hot tub structure over the Neuse River Zone Buffer 2
2. Attach a site plan as applicable to the project:
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
LOT58MD (19).pdf
FCF only
130.41 KB
** Below is a link with instructions on what you will need to show on your site plan.
http://edocs.deg.nc.gov/WaterResources/O/doc/402224/Page1.aspx
F. Proposed Impacts and Mitigation Information
A
A
4d. Attach a copy of the recorded map that indicates when the lot was last platted.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
LOT58MD (19).pdf
FCF Only
130.41 KB
4e. Is your project in one of the 20 Coastal Counties covered under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA)? *
r Yes F No
4f. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?*
r Yes r No Unknown
4i. Directions to site from nearest major intersection:*
From intersection of US1 and US64 take US64W. Take 1st right onto Edinburgh Drive. Site is on left.
5. Stream associated with riparian buffer to be impacted by the proposed activity:
Name
Swift Creek
Water Quality Classification
7. List any permits/approvals that have been requested or obtained for this project in the past.
E. Proposed Activity
1. Provide a detailed description of the proposed activity including its purpose:*
Cantilever of a hot tub structure over the Neuse River Zone Buffer 2
2. Attach a site plan as applicable to the project:
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach docurrent
LOT58MD (19).pdf
FCF only
130.41 KB
** Below is a link with instructions on what you will need to show on your site plan.
http://edocs.deg.nc.gov/WaterResources/O/doc/402224/Page1.aspx
F. Proposed Impacts and Mitigation Information
A
A

1. Individually list the square footage of each proposed impact to the protected riparian buffers:
la. Site# - Reason
1 b. Buffer
lc. Stream Name
1 d. Mitigation
1 f. Zone 1
1 g. Zone 2
Impact*
Required?
Hot tub cantilever
Permanent
Swift Creek
Yes
0.00
31.00
Ivbp label (e.g. R ad Crossing 1)
(P)
Square Feet
Square Feet
Map label (e.g. Road Crossing 1)
Temporary
0.00
0.00
(T)
Square Feet
Square Feet
1 h. Total Zone 1 Impacts: 0.00
1 i. Total Zone 2 Impacts: 31.00
1j. Total Buffer Impacts: 31.00
1k. Comments:
Calculated Mitigation
11. Zone 1
Total Impact
Multiplier
Required Mitigation
0.00
Square Feet
3
0.00
Square Feet
1m. Zone 2
Total Impact
Multiplier
Required Mitigation
31.00
Square Feet
1.50
46.50
Square Feet
2. Mitigation Information
2a. What is the mitigation plan proposed for this project?*
17 Payment to private mitigation bank
r Payment to Division of Mitigation (DMS)
r Permittee responsible mitigation
2d. Attach statement of availability from mitigation provider.*
Buffer SOA - 212 Edinburgh Drive (2).pdf 118.26KB
2f. Comments:
G. Stormwater
1. Provide a description of how diffuse flow will be maintained through the protected riparian buffers (e.g., re-
planting vegetation or enhancement of existing vegetation, gutter splash pads, level spreader to control of
runoff from impervious surfaces, etc.).*
Cantilever over buffer only. No impact on buffer vegetation.

2. Show the location of diffuse flow measure(s) on your site plan.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach document
FCF only
3. Attach a completed Level Spreader Supplement Form or BMP Supplement Form with all required items for
each proposed measure.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach document
FCF Only
4. Attach an Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Form for each proposed level spreader or BMP.
Click the upload button or drag and drop files here to attach document
FCF cnly
H. Demonstration of Need for a Variance
The variance provision of the riparian buffer rules allows the Civision or the Environmental Ivhnagenent Oxrrrission to grant a variance w hen there are practical difficulties or
unnecessary hardships that prevent compliance with the strict letter of riparian buffer protection.
1. Explain how complying with the provisions of the applicable rule would prevent you from securing a
reasonable return from or make reasonable use of your property. Merely proving that the variance would permit
a greater profit from the property shall not be considered adequate justification for a variance. The Division will
consider whether the variance is the minimum possible deviation from the terms of the applicable Buffer Rule
that shall make reasonable use of the property possible.*
The cantilever of this hot tub should have no impact on the buffer. It is 6'+ above the natural undisturbed grade in
the area and will not have significant impact to to the sunlight or precipitation needed for the vegetation in that area.
All efforts have been made to design a pool structure that fits within the tight setbacks without distburbing the buffer.
This hot tub will be a concrete shell instead of the wood deck that is permitted.
2. Explain how the hardship results from application of the Buffer Rule to the property rather from other factors
such as deed restrictions or other hardships (e.g. zoning setbacks, floodplains, etc).*
Buffer rule does not allow for a solid surface which is impervious. Since the hot tub surface is water and 6'+ above
grade the cantilever is minimal and the impact should be insignificant compared to that of a pervious surface like
wood decking.
3. Explain whether the hardship was caused by the applicant knowingly or unknowingly violating the applicable
Buffer Rule.*
This structure has not yet been built.
4. Explain how the hardship results from physical nature of the property, such as its size, shape, or topography,
which is different form that of neighboring property. *
The lot has a steep grade down to the lake. Hot tub and pool are designed to maximize views of the property with no
impact on the buffer. Variance request i based on the height of the grade above grade to allow for the cantilevered
portion to be a solid surface.
5. Explain how the hardship is rare or unique to the applicant's property, rather than the result of conditions that
are widespread.*
Topography and shape of the property are unique. The cantilever portion is minimal.
For Neuse, Tar -Pamlico, Jordan Lake and Goose Creek only:
6. Did the applicant purchase the property after the effective date of the applicable Buffer Rule and then request
a variance?*
No
I. Sign and Submit
Deed Restrictions

By your signature of this application, you certify that all structural stormwater BMPs required by this variance shall be located in recorded
drainage easements, that the easements will run with the land, that the easements cannot be changed or deleted without concurrence
from the State, and that the easements will be recorded prior to the sale of any lot.
Applicant's Certification
I, certify that the information included on this permit application form is correct, that the project will be constructed in conformance with
the approved plans and that the deed restrictions will be recorded with all required permit conditions.
* 17 By checking the box and signing the box below I certify that:
By digitally signing below, I certify that:
o I have given true, accurate, and complete information on this form;
o I agree that submission of this form is a "transaction" subject to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform
Electronic Transactions Act")
o I agree to conduct this transaction by electronic means pursuant to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform
Electronic Transactions Act");
o I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal effect and can be enforced in the same way as a written signature; AND
o I intend to electronically sign and submit this form.
Print Name:*
Signature *
McKenzie Olmsted
Submission Date: Autonaticallyfilled in

Initial Review
Is the project accepted 17. Yes r No
for review?*
Is the project located r Yes a No r Unknown
within a NC DCM Area
of Environmental
Concern (AEC)?*
Is this a public -funded
transportation
project?*
ID#*
Version*
Reviewing Office*
Select Reviewer*
r Yes a No
20191640
1
Raleigh Regional Office - [phone]
Colleen Cohn:eads\cmcohn
Has payment been r No Payment Needed
received?* r Fee Received
r Need Fee- send electronic notification

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LOT58MD (19).pdf
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4 ')) 17"r 0' $R; 11:37 AM
8/4/2021

QUEENSFERRY
RD.
RUTHERGLEN
DR.
QUEENSFERRY
RD.
TO JORDAN Ho:.
LAKE 64
VICINITY MAP
SITE
EDINBURGH
DR.
NO SCALE
LOT 58
0.703 ACRES
\
PKN
SETBACKS
FRONT
SIDE
REAR
LEGEND
50'
15'
50'
fi
IPF
CURVE TABLE
CURVE #
DELTA
RADIUS
ARC
CHORD
TANGENT
CHORD BEARING
C1
9'58'40"
373.52'
65.05'
64.97'
32.61 '
N 30°39'06" W
LINE TABLE
LINE #
BEARING
DISTANCE
Li
S 14°55'04" E
57.18'
L2
N 25'4124" W
50.00'
'
Os
. a
3' TALL
RET. WALL
° \C.
ci
-73 Co
(IPF) IRON PIPE FOUND
(IPS) IRON PIPE SET
(PKN) PK—NAIL -73
(R/W) RIGHT OF WAY
(V CENTERLINE OF RIGHT OF WAY
(EOW) EDGE OF WATER
(NRB) NEUSE RIPARIAN BUFFER
LINETYPE LEGEND
BOUNDARY
R/W
SETBACK
EDGE OF WATER
FLOODLINE
4' TALL
RET. WALL
LOT 57
8' TALL
RET. WALL
6
0
,A19 A2 \?` 0" 00
AS,61 ' 1 i j1 "8PROPOSED
\ BASEMENT
-• oo 350 «.. �- 200 RESIDENCE
0-200
100 YEAR FEMA ••
FLOOD LINE .
PER F.LR.M. MAP
3720075200J, DATED •
05/02/2006
4' TALL
RET. WALL'
IPF
PKN
NOTE:
1. RAW ERROR OF CLOSURE WAS 10,000+, MISCLOSURE WAS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE COMPASS METHOD. THE DISTANCES
ON THIS MAP ARE ADJUSTED HORIZONTAL GROUND UNLESS
NOTED OTHERWISE. ALL AREAS CALCULATED BY COORDINATE
COMPUTATION.
2. THE PROPERTY IS NOT LOCATED IN THE 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN PER
F.I. R. M. MAP NO. 3720075200 J, PANEL 0752, EFFECTIVE DATE MAY
2, 2006.
3. EDGE OF WATER FIELD LOCATED BY WITHERSRAVENEL 06/04/2018.
a`
50'
• CANTILEVERED
PORCH
20'
LOT 59
PROPOSED
CANTILEVERED
HOT TUB
6.171,24.33'
CANTILEVERED
PORCH
47.89.
IPF
CONCERT MACGREGOR
DOWNS LLC
.p D.B. 15637, PG. 905
IPF
30' NRB ZONE 1
SEE NOTE #3
20' NRB ZONE 2 \
SEE NOTE #3
PROPOSED IMPERVIOUS AREA
HOUSE, GARAGE, PORCH @ 100% 10, 381 S.F.
CONCRETE DRIVEWAY ® 1009 3,806 S.F.
RETAINING WALLS @ 100% 246 S.F.
TOTAL IMPERVIOUS AREA 14, 433 S.F.
25'
0
50' 100'
GRAPHIC SCALE
DATE: 06/24/2021
SCALE: 1"=50'
SURVEYED BY:
DRAWN BY: JDF
CHECK £7 CLOSURE BY: JDF
PRELIMINARY PLAT OF
LOT 58 MACGREGOR DOWNS
212 EDINBURGH DRIVE, CARY
PROPERTY OF
ALFRED G. CHILDERS AND MARYBETH B. CHILDERS
PREPARED FOR
LOYD BUILDERS, LLC.
am. WithersRavenel
Engineers I Planners I Surveyors
115 MacKenan Drivel Cary, NC 27511
t: 919.469.33401 license #: C-0832
www.withersravenel.com
CAD FILE: LOT58MD
COUNTY: WAKE
I STATE: NCI SHEET: 1 OF 1
PROJECT NO: 05180478.00

QUEENSFERRY
RD.
RUTHERGLEN
DR.
QUEENSFERRY
RD.
TO JORDAN Ho:.
LAKE 64
VICINITY MAP
SITE
EDINBURGH
DR.
NO SCALE
LOT 58
0.703 ACRES
\
PKN
SETBACKS
FRONT
SIDE
REAR
LEGEND
50'
15'
50'
fi
IPF
CURVE TABLE
CURVE #
DELTA
RADIUS
ARC
CHORD
TANGENT
CHORD BEARING
C1
9'58'40"
373.52'
65.05'
64.97'
32.61 '
N 30°39'06" W
LINE TABLE
LINE #
BEARING
DISTANCE
Li
S 14°55'04" E
57.18'
L2
N 25'4124" W
50.00'
'
Os
. a
3' TALL
RET. WALL
° \C.
ci
-73 Co
(IPF) IRON PIPE FOUND
(IPS) IRON PIPE SET
(PKN) PK—NAIL -73
(R/W) RIGHT OF WAY
(V CENTERLINE OF RIGHT OF WAY
(EOW) EDGE OF WATER
(NRB) NEUSE RIPARIAN BUFFER
LINETYPE LEGEND
BOUNDARY
R/W
SETBACK
EDGE OF WATER
FLOODLINE
4' TALL
RET. WALL
LOT 57
8' TALL
RET. WALL
6
0
,A19 A2 \?` 0" 00
AS,61 ' 1 i j1 "8PROPOSED
\ BASEMENT
-• oo 350 «.. �- 200 RESIDENCE
0-200
100 YEAR FEMA ••
FLOOD LINE .
PER F.LR.M. MAP
3720075200J, DATED •
05/02/2006
4' TALL
RET. WALL'
IPF
PKN
NOTE:
1. RAW ERROR OF CLOSURE WAS 10,000+, MISCLOSURE WAS
DISTRIBUTED BY THE COMPASS METHOD. THE DISTANCES
ON THIS MAP ARE ADJUSTED HORIZONTAL GROUND UNLESS
NOTED OTHERWISE. ALL AREAS CALCULATED BY COORDINATE
COMPUTATION.
2. THE PROPERTY IS NOT LOCATED IN THE 100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN PER
F.I. R. M. MAP NO. 3720075200 J, PANEL 0752, EFFECTIVE DATE MAY
2, 2006.
3. EDGE OF WATER FIELD LOCATED BY WITHERSRAVENEL 06/04/2018.
a`
50'
• CANTILEVERED
PORCH
20'
LOT 59
PROPOSED
CANTILEVERED
HOT TUB
6.171,24.33'
CANTILEVERED
PORCH
47.89.
IPF
CONCERT MACGREGOR
DOWNS LLC
.p D.B. 15637, PG. 905
IPF
30' NRB ZONE 1
SEE NOTE #3
20' NRB ZONE 2 \
SEE NOTE #3
PROPOSED IMPERVIOUS AREA
HOUSE, GARAGE, PORCH @ 100% 10, 381 S.F.
CONCRETE DRIVEWAY ® 1009 3,806 S.F.
RETAINING WALLS @ 100% 246 S.F.
TOTAL IMPERVIOUS AREA 14, 433 S.F.
25'
0
50' 100'
GRAPHIC SCALE
DATE: 06/24/2021
SCALE: 1"=50'
SURVEYED BY:
DRAWN BY: JDF
CHECK £7 CLOSURE BY: JDF
PRELIMINARY PLAT OF
LOT 58 MACGREGOR DOWNS
212 EDINBURGH DRIVE, CARY
PROPERTY OF
ALFRED G. CHILDERS AND MARYBETH B. CHILDERS
PREPARED FOR
LOYD BUILDERS, LLC.
am. WithersRavenel
Engineers I Planners I Surveyors
115 MacKenan Drivel Cary, NC 27511
t: 919.469.33401 license #: C-0832
www.withersravenel.com
CAD FILE: LOT58MD
COUNTY: WAKE
I STATE: NCI SHEET: 1 OF 1
PROJECT NO: 05180478.00

AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
PROPERTY LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
LOT NO. PLAN NO.
STREET ADDRESS: 1intit 9h privy
Oars , NC Emu
PARCEL ID: 0074498
Please print: Property Owner: Acrid e. O lAn
Property Owner:al684 L�h;Ils
The undersigned, registered property owners of the above noted property, do hereby authorize
ateY>il?nis;k ©ipistol
(Contractor / Agent)
,of (kiln
��2.o dtlIth'��
(Name o corfsutting firm)
to act on my behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, issuance and acceptance of
this permit or certification and any and all standard and special conditions attached,
Property Owner's Address (if different than property above):
10(0 E. a. rnib . Coe , IBC, 2.7518
Telephone: 01/55Z-1361
We hereby certify the above information submitted In this application is true and accurate to the
best of our knowledge.
Authorized nature
Date: WZO //q Date:

fires
EBX Buffer Mitigation Banks
Statement of Availability August 4, 2021
NC Division of Water Resources
Stephanie Goss
512 N. Salisbury St.
Archdale Building, 9th floor
Raleigh, NC 27604
Re Project: 212 Edinburgh Drive
This document confirms that the Alfred and Marybeth Childers (Applicant) for the 212 Edinburgh
Drive (Project) has expressed an interest to utilize 46.50 Square Feet of Riparian Buffer Mitigation
Credits from one or both of the following banks, EBX-Neuse I, LLC Neuse Riparian Buffer Umbrella
Mitigation Bank or EBX Upper Neuse Riparian Buffer Umbrella Mitigation Bank. Specific bank sites
that will be debited will either be Buffalo Branch, Bucher, Selma Mill, Cedar Grove, Polecat, Stone
Creek, Hannah Bridge, Meadow Spring, Poplar Creek, Uzzle and/or Hatley, all located in HUC
03020201. As the official Bank Sponsor, EBX-Neuse I, LLC and EBX, attests to the fact that mitigation
is available for reservation at this time.
These mitigation credits are not considered secured, and consequently are eligible to be used for alternate
purposes by the Bank Sponsor, until payment in full is received from the Applicant resulting in the
issuance of a Mitigation Credit Transfer Certificate by the bank acknowledging that the Applicant has
fully secured credits from the bank and the Banker has accepted full responsibility for the mitigation
obligation requiring the credits/units.
The Banker will issue the Mitigation Credit Transfer Certificate within three (3) days of receipt of the
purchase price. Banker shall provide to Applicant a copy of the Mitigation Credit Transfer Certificate and
a documented copy of the debit of credits from the Bank Official Credit Ledger(s), indicating the permit
number and the resource type secured by the applicant. A copy of the Mitigation Credit Transfer
Certificate, with an updated Official Credit Ledger will also be sent to regulatory agencies showing the
proper documentation.
Please contact me at 919-209-1075 or [e-mail] if you have any questions or need additional
information.
Best Regards,
Caitlan B. Parker
Resource Environmental Solutions, LLC
701 E. Bay Street, Suite 306
Charleston, SC 29403
Bank Sponsor — EBX-Neuse I, LLC or Environmental Banc & Exchange (EBX)

AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
PROPERTY LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
LOT NO. PLAN NO.
STREET ADDRESS: 1intit 9h privy
Oars , NC Emu
PARCEL ID: 0074498
Please print: Property Owner: Acrid e. O lAn
Property Owner:al684 L�h;Ils
The undersigned, registered property owners of the above noted property, do hereby authorize
ateY>il?nis;k ©ipistol
(Contractor / Agent)
,of (kiln
��2.o dtlIth'��
(Name o corfsutting firm)
to act on my behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, issuance and acceptance of
this permit or certification and any and all standard and special conditions attached,
Property Owner's Address (if different than property above):
10(0 E. a. rnib . Coe , IBC, 2.7518
Telephone: 01/55Z-1361
We hereby certify the above information submitted In this application is true and accurate to the
best of our knowledge.
Authorized nature
Date: WZO //q Date:

USDA United States
Department of
Agr culture
NRCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Wake County,
North Carolina
August 4, 2021

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3

Contents
Preface 2
How Soil Surveys Are Made 5
Soil Map 8
Soil Map 9
Legend 10
Map Unit Legend 11
Map Unit Descriptions 11
Wake County, North Carolina 13
CfC—Cecil-Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes 13
PaD—Pacolet sandy loam, 10 to 15 percent slopes 14
PaE—Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes 15
W—Water 17
References 18
4

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
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Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
7

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
8

35° 44' 42" N
35° 44' 38" N
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
698960 698980 699000 699020 699040 699060 693080 699100 699120 699140
Map Scale: 1:964 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.
0 10 20
40
Meters
63
Feet
0 45 90 180 270
Mapprojedion: Web Mercator Conerwordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
9
35° 44' 42" N

Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
n Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
El Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
• Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
• Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
▪ Landfill
A. Lava Flow
46 Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
CO Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
• Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
• Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
oa Sodic Spot
r=
Spoil Area
6 Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
▪ Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
cis Aerial Photography
MAP INFORMATION
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Wake County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 20, Jun 3, 2020
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Oct 21, 2019—Nov 6,
2019
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CfC
Cecil -Urban land complex, 2 to
10 percent slopes
0.8
17.5%
PaD
Pacolet sandy loam, 10 to 15
percent slopes
1.3
29.8%
PaE
Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 25
percent slopes
1.8
41.2%
W
Water
0.5
11.5%
Totals for Area of Interest
4.4
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
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Custom Soil Resource Report
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Wake County, North Carolina
CfC—Cecil-Urban land complex, 2 to 10 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2xh9k
Elevation: 70 to 560 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 47 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 63 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 250 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Cecil and similar soils: 55 percent
Urban land: 35 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Cecil
Setting
Landform: I me rfl u ves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and/or saprolite derived
from schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: sandy loam
Bt - 8 to 42 inches: clay
BC - 42 to 50 inches: clay loam
C - 50 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 10 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Urban Land
Setting
Parent material: Impervious layers over human transported material
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Udorthents, loamy
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: I me rfl u ves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
PaD—Pacolet sandy loam, 10 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2spp8
Elevation: 70 to 560 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 47 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 63 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 250 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Pacolet and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Pacolet
Setting
Landform: I me rfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and/or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: sandy loam
Bt - 8 to 27 inches: clay
BC - 27 to 35 inches: clay loam
C - 35 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 10 to 15 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Wedowee
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: I me rfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Madison, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: I me rfl u ves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
PaE—Pacolet sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2spp9
Elevation: 70 to 560 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 47 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 63 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 250 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Pacolet and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Pacolet
Setting
Landform: I me rfl u ves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Saprolite derived from granite and gneiss and/or schist
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: sandy loam
Bt - 8 to 27 inches: clay
BC - 27 to 35 inches: clay loam
C - 35 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 25 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Wedowee
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: I me rfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Madison, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: I me rfl u ves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No

Custom Soil Resource Report
W—Water
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2qqjv
Elevation: 70 to 450 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 39 to 51 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 63 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 250 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Water
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Hydric soil rating: No
17

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid =nres 142 p2_0 54262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepastu re/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/deta i l/so i is/scie ntists/?cid=nres 142 p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nres142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www. n res. usda.gov/I nternet/FSE_DOCU M ENTS/n res142p2_052290. pdf
19