20191132 Ver 1_Baseline Monitoring Report-DRAFT-2021-07-23 DWR_20210726

AS -BUILT BASELINE
MONITORING REPORT
WILDLANDS LITTLE TENNESSEE UMBRELLA
MITIGATION BANK
EAST BUFFALO MITIGATION SITE
Graham County, NC
Little Tennessee River Basin
HUC 06010204
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
NC DWR #2019-1132 version 1
Data Collection Period: April 2021— May 2021
Draft Submission Date: July 23, 2021
PREPARED FOR:
North Carolina Interagency Review Team (IRT)
Project Manager: Mr. Steve Kichefski
US Army Corps of Engineers — Wilmington District
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28806-5006

PREPARED BY:
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WILDLANDS LITTLE TENNESSEE UMBRELLA MITIGATION BANK
EAST BUFFALO MITIGATION SITE
Graham County, NC
Little Tennessee River Basin
HUC 06010204
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
NC DWR #2019-1132 version 1
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WILDLANDS
E NC, IN EER I N G
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
167-B Haywood Rd
Asheville, NC 28806
Phone: [phone]

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) implemented the East Buffalo Mitigation Site (Site) as part of the
Little Tennessee Umbrella Mitigation Bank. The Site is located in Graham County, North Carolina within
the Little Tennessee River Basin Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 06010204. The Site was selected to provide
stream and wetland mitigation credits to compensate for permitted impacts to Waters of the United
States within the Little Tennessee River Basin 06010204 service area. The project includes the
restoration, enhancement, and preservation of more than 14,020 linear feet of stream along East
Buffalo Creek and the ten unnamed tributaries, as well as the restoration (re-establishment &
rehabilitation) and enhancement of 2.46 acres of wetlands. The work will generate 4,432.5 cold stream
mitigation units (SMUs) and 1.75 riparian wetland credits. The Site is protected by a 259.8-acre
conservation easement spanning two parcels from one landowner.
The watershed has a history of agricultural activity and timber harvesting. Most of the stressors to
stream functions are related to these historic and current land use practices. The major stream stressors
for the Site were extensive agricultural manipulation through ditching, livestock access to the stream,
and lack of native woody vegetation in the riparian zone. The effects of these stressors resulted in bank
erosion, incision, excess fine sediment loading, poor in -stream habitat, and degraded water quality
throughout the site compared to reference conditions. The approach for the site focused on evaluating
the existing functional condition and evaluating its potential for recovery and need for intervention.
The project goals defined in the mitigation plan (Wildlands, 2020) were established with careful
consideration of 2008 (amended 2018) Little Tennessee River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP) goals
and objectives to address stressors identified in the watershed. The established project goals include:
• Improve stability of stream channels;
• Improve instream habitat;
• Restore wetland hydrology, soils, and plant communities;
• Reconnect channels with floodplains and riparian wetlands;
• Restore and enhance native floodplain vegetation;
• Preserve and enhance site streams, wetlands, and watershed.
The Site construction and as -built surveys were completed between April and May 2021. Planting and
baseline vegetation data collection occurred between March and April 2021. Minimal adjustments were
made during construction and specific changes are detailed in Section 5.1. Baseline (MYO) profiles and
cross-section dimensions closely match the design parameters with little variation. The Site has been
built as designed and is expected to meet the upcoming monitoring year's success criteria.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

EAST BUFFALO MITIGATION SITE
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND ATTRIBUTES.............................................................................. 1
1.1 Project Location and Setting................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type and Approach................................................................ 2
1.3.1 Project Structure................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Restoration Type and Approach........................................................................................... 2
1.4 Project History, Contacts and Attribute Data......................................................................... 5
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 Streams................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 Dimension.............................................................................................................................
7
2.1.2 Pattern and Profile................................................................................................................
7
2.1.3 Substrate...............................................................................................................................7
2.1.4 Photo Documentation...........................................................................................................
8
2.1.5 Hydrology Documentation....................................................................................................
8
2.2 Vegetation............................................................................................................................ 8
2.3 Wetlands.............................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Visual Assessments...............................................................................................................8
MONITORING PLAN & METHODOLOGY................................................................................................ 9
3.1 Streams................................................................................................................................ 9
3.111 Dimension.............................................................................................................................
9
3.1.2 Pattern and Profile................................................................................................................
9
3.1.3 Substrate...............................................................................................................................9
3.1A Photo Reference Points........................................................................................................
9
3.1.5 Visual Assessment...............................................................................................................
10
3.2 Hydrology Documentation..................................................................................................
10
3.11 Bankfull Events....................................................................................................................10
3.3 Vegetation..........................................................................................................................
10
3.4 Wetlands............................................................................................................................
11
ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND CONTINGENCY PLAN.........................................................................
12
4.1 Adaptive Management Plan................................................................................................
12
AS -BUILT CONDITION (BASELINE).......................................................................................................
13
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

5.1 Record Drawings................................................................................................................. 13
5.1.1 East Buffalo Creek Reach 1.................................................................................................13
5.1.2 East Buffalo Creek Reach 2.................................................................................................13
5.1.3 UT3 Reach 2........................................................................................................................ 13
5.1,4 UT3 Reach 3........................................................................................................................ 13
5.1.5 UT4 Reach 2........................................................................................................................ 14
5.1.6 Vegetation Planting Plan..................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Baseline ❑ata Assessment................................................................................................... 15
5.2.1 Morphological State of the Channel...................................................................................16
5.2,2 Vegetation...........................................................................................................................16
5.2.3 Wetlands............................................................................................................................. 16
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................... 17
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

APPENDICES
Appendix 1 General Figures and Tables
Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Project Component/Asset Map
Figures 3.0 — 3.4 Current Condition Plan View
Table 1 Mitigation Assets and Components
Table 2 Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3 Project Contact Table
Table 4 Project Information and Attributes
Table 5 Monitoring Component Summary
Appendix 2 Morphological Summary Data and Plots
Table 6 Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters -Cross -Section)
Longitudinal Profile Plots
Cross -Section Plots
Reachwide and Cross -Section Pebble Count Plots
Stream Photographs
Appendix 3 Vegetation Plot Data
Table 7 Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment
Table 8 CVS Permanent Vegetation Plot Metadata
Table 9a-c Permanent & Mobile Plots: Planted and Total Stem Counts
Vegetation Photographs
Vegetation Plot Field Data Sheets
Appendix 4 Record Drawings & Final AB Survey
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Current Condition Plan View (CCPV)
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)
Interagency Review Team (IRT)
Monitoring Year (MY)
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR)
North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS)
Stream Mitigation Unit (SMU)
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Unnamed Tributary (UT)
Little Tennessee River Basin Restoration Priorities (RBRP)
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report iv

PROJECT GOALS, BACKGROUND, AND ATTRIBUTES
- , Project Location and Setting
The Little Tennessee Umbrella Mitigation Bank (Bank) service area includes the towns of Robbinsville,
Lake Santeetlah, and Fontana Dam. The Site described in this Baseline As -built Report is the East Buffalo
Mitigation Site (Site). The Site is located approximately 3 miles north of Robbinsville in Graham County
(Figure 1) in the Little Tennessee River Basin 14-digit HUC 06010204020030 and the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources Sub -basin 04-04-04. The Site is protected by a 259.8-acre conservation
easement spanning two parcels, bisected by East Buffalo Road.
The Site includes streams from four primary drainage areas that are comprised of smaller valleys. The
four primary drainage areas are East Buffalo Creek, UT3, UT6, and UT7. East Buffalo Creek is the largest
of these primary drainage areas on -site and includes UT1, UT2, and UT5. East Buffalo Creek's valley
begins upstream of the site as a steep, colluvial, V-shaped valley, which gradually widens and gains an
alluvial bottom moving downstream. UT3 is the next largest drainage area and includes UT4, UT4a,
UT4b, and UT4b1. UT3, UT6, and UT7 drainages all flow into East Buffalo Creek just downstream of the
Site before emptying into Santeetlah lake about one mile further downstream. All unnamed tributaries
to East Buffalo Creek flow through steep colluvial, V-shaped valleys for their entire project length except
the downstream reaches of UT1, UT2, UT3, and UT4 which transition to broader valley bottoms within
the mainstem floodplain. Located in the Western Blue Ridge terrane within the Blue Ridge physiographic
province (NCGS, 1985), the project watershed is dominated by agricultural and forested land. The Site
topography and relief are typical for the region. At the downstream end of the Site, East Buffalo Creek
drains 600 acres, UT3 drains 156 acres, UT6 drains 21 acres, and UT7 drains 23 acres.
Prior to construction activities, the Site was used for agricultural production (either hay or pasture) in
the East Buffalo Creek valley bottom, and lower valley side slopes of adjacent tributaries (north of East
Buffalo Road). The remainder of the Site has generally remained forested. Current pasture areas appear
to have alternated between cattle pasture and active row crops over the observed years. Riparian
buffers are largely absent from one or both banks of the Site streams located within the lower valley
bottom of the East Buffalo project watershed. The streams throughout the Site were in various stages of
impairment related to the current and historical agricultural uses, a lack of well -established riparian
buffers, and ditching, which had led to bank erosion, excess fine sediment loading, and poor in -stream
habitat.
Pre -construction conditions are outlined in Table 4 of Appendix 1.
Project Goals and Objectives
The Site is providing numerous ecological benefits within the Little Tennessee River Basin. The project
goals were established with careful consideration to address stressors that were identified in the Little
Tennessee RBRP (DMS, 2018). Improvements to water quality and ecological processes are outlined
below as project goals and objectives.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

Goals
Objectives
Reconstruct stream channels slated for restoration with stable
Improve the stability of stream channels.
dimensions and appropriate depth relative to the existing
floodplain. Add bank revetments and in -stream structures to protect
restored/enhanced streams.
Install habitat features such as constructed riffles, cover logs, and
Improve instream habitat.
brush toes on restored reaches. Add woody materials to channel
beds. Construct pools of varying depth.
Restore and enhance riparian wetlands by raising stream beds,
Restore wetland hydrology, soils, and
relocating streams to natural valley low points, removing
plant communities.
agricultural drain tiles, removing overburden from relic hydric soils,
and planting native wetland species.
Reconnect channels with floodplains and
Reconstruct stream channels with appropriate bankfull dimensions
riparian wetlands.
and depth relative to the existing floodplain. Realign historically
altered channels to natural valley low points.
Restore and enhance native floodplain
Convert grass fields and grazed pasture to forested riparian buffers
along Site streams. Protect and enhance existing forested riparian
vegetation.
buffers. Treat invasive species.
Preserve and enhance site streams,
Extend conservation easements to the top of the ridge on many of
wetlands, and watershed.
the tributaries. Reduce sediment impacts from old logging roads and
remove culverts. Exclude livestock from Site streams.
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type and Approach
The final mitigation plan was submitted and accepted by the North Carolina Interagency Review Team
(NC IRT) in October 2020. Construction activities were completed in April 2021 by Baker Grading &
Landscaping, Inc. Kee Mapping and Surveying PLS completed the as -built survey in May 2021. Planting
was completed following construction in the spring of 2021 by Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc. Field
adjustments made during construction are described in further detail in section 5.1 and depicted in the
record drawings in Appendix 4. Please refer to Appendix 1 for detailed project activity, history, contact
information, and watershed/site background information.
1.3.1 Project Structure
The project will provide 4,432.5 cold stream mitigation units (SMUs) and 1.75 wetland mitigation units
(WMUs) in the Little Tennessee service area. Project mitigation components are outlined in the
Mitigation Assets and Components Table (Table 1) and depicted in the Current Condition Plan View
Maps (Figures 3.0-3.4) that are located in Appendix 1.
1.3.2 Restoration Type and Approach
The design approach for this Site was chosen based on the surrounding landscape, climate, natural
vegetation communities but also with thorough consideration to existing watershed conditions, as well
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

as its potential to provide total overall watershed uplift. The project includes a combination of stream
restoration, enhancement I, enhancement II, and preservation activities as well as a combination of
wetland enhancement and restoration. The project streams were reconnected with an active flood
bench or floodplain at the bankfull stage, and the bankfull channels were constructed with stable
dimension, pattern, and profile. The adjacent floodplains were planted with native tree species.
Instream structures were constructed in channel to help maintain stable channel morphology and
improve aquatic habitat. Project stream types are illustrated in Figure 2 and detailed below. The overall
Site vegetative planting plan is depicted on sheets 2.0 through 2.3 of the record drawings located in
Appendix 4.
Resource
Functional Impairments
Mitigation Approach
Partially deforested buffers, poor buffer vegetation, and
East Buffalo Creek Reach 1
intermittent bank erosion
Enhancement II
Partially deforested buffers, poor buffer vegetation, intermittent
East Buffalo Creek Reach 2
bank erosion, channel perched/ removed from valley low point,
Priority 1 Restoration
and cattle access within buffer
Poor/narrow buffer vegetation, intermittent bank erosion, and
East Buffalo Creek Reach 3
Enhancement II
cattle access within buffer
UT1
Poor buffer vegetation
Enhancement II (4:1)1
UT2 Reach 2
Partially deforested buffers, poor buffer vegetation, bank erosion,
Enhancement I
incision, and channel perched/removed from valley low point
Partially deforested buffers, erosion, incision, cattle access in
UT3 Reach 2
buffer, and channel ditched/removed from valley low point
Priority 1 Restoration
Cattle trampling of bed/banks, lack of pool habitat, and poor
UT3 Reach 3
buffer vegetation
Enhancement I
Cattle trampling of bed/banks, partially deforested buffers,
UT4 Reach 2
erosion, and incision
Enhancement I
Poor/narrow buffer vegetation, intermittent bank erosion, and
UT5 Reach 2
cattle access within buffer (The reach was extended to a new tie-
Enhancement 11
in with East Buffalo Reach 3)
1UT1 is proposed at 4:1 whereas other Enhancement 11 reaches are proposed at 2.5:1
East Buffalo Creek
East Buffalo Creek Reach 1 enters the project area at station 1000+00 as a perennial stream from
headwater streams near Deep Gap, which is located within Nantahala National Forest. An enhancement
II approach was used on Reach 1, involving intermittent channel grading and structure placement;
intermittent bank, bench and terrace slope grading; treatment of invasive species; and planting a
riparian buffer. Reach 1 is classified as a Rosgen B3a-type channel and has a valley slope of 5.6%.
East Buffalo Creek Reach 2 begins at the end of Reach 1, at station 1005+50, where the design approach
transitions to priority 1 restoration. This restoration approach involved relocating the channel back to
the valley low point, developing a stable step -pool morphology consisting of a variety of instream riffle
and drop structures and pools, permanent removal of cattle from the Site, and treatment of invasive
species. A riparian buffer was planted including several larger alder transplants. Reach 2 is classified as a
Rosgen B3a-type channel and has a valley slope of 5.0%.
East Buffalo Creek Reach 3 begins at the end of Reach 2, at station 1013+92. An enhancement II
approach was used involving intermittent channel grading and structure placement, intermittent bank
and bench grading, treatment of invasive species, and planting and supplemental planting to establish a
riparian buffer. Reach 3 is classified as a Rosgen B3/E3b-type channel with a valley slope of 3.8%.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

UT1
UT1 originates off -site coming from a steep valley and flows onto the eastern portion of the Site as a
perennial stream near the start on East Buffalo Creek Reach 1 at station 0+00. UT1 flows through an
area that had been manipulated in the past for farming, but which has since grown over with invasive
species. A lower -level Enhancement II approach was applied to this reach focused on the removal of
invasive species. This reach has a mixed riffle -pool and step -pool morphology and contains a gravel and
cobble bed material — it has a valley slope of 8.8% and has been classified as a Rosgen 134a-type stream.
UT2
UT2 Reach 1 originates on Site from a forested, headwater seep and confined valley on the southeast
side of the property. A preservation approach was taken on this reach. The valley is steep with an
average slope of around 28% and contains a channel with a stable step -pool system. The vegetation
along UT2 is varied and mature with minimal invasive species. This stream continues under East Buffalo
Road and into UT2 Reach 2.
UT2 Reach 2 starts below East Buffalo Road at station 3001+46; it is a perennial stream where an
enhancement I approach was applied to address alteration and degradation from historic farming
practices and agricultural production that persisted until recent decades. The enhancement I approach
consisted of reconstructing the stream valley and restoring the stream in the upper segment, light bank
grading and intermittent structure placement in the middle segment, and rerouting and restoring the
previously ditched stream to its historic valley low point in the lower segment. Restored segments
utilized cascading and step -pool geomorphology. In addition, treatment included removal of cattle from
the Site and planting a riparian buffer including an abundance of large transplants. This Reach, as
designed, classifies as a Rosgen 134a-type stream with a valley slope of 7.7%.
UT3
UT3 Reach 1 originates on -site from a forested, headwater seep and confined valley on the southeast
side of the property. A preservation approach was taken on this reach. UT3 Reach 1 has a steep valley
with an average slope of approximately 28% and contains a stable stream and riparian buffer consisting
of mature and native forest cover. This stream continues under East Buffalo Road into UT3 Reach 2.
UT3 Reach 2 starts below East Buffalo Road at station 4000+70; it is a perennial stream and was treated
with a priority 1 restoration approach. In the past this reach was channelized and had been ditched
parallel to East Buffalo Road. Restoration efforts conducted under this project relocated UT3 Reach 2
back to a natural valley setting where it provides hydrology to an adjacent wetland that has been
rehabilitated. In addition, cattle have been removed from UT3 Reach 2 and a riparian buffer has been
planted along the new alignment. Invasive species were removed during construction and have been
treated, with additional treatment on -going. The restored stream channel, with a valley slope of 8.1%,
was designed with a step -pool morphology and classifies as a Rosgen 134a-type stream.
UT3 Reach 3 starts at station 4010+46 at the confluence of UT3 with UT4 Reach 2. An enhancement I
approach was implemented along this reach. Through much of the reach, the stream was relocated
away from a steep left valley wall and new dimension and profile constructed with a step pool
morphology. Cattle access has been removed and the riparian buffer has been planted. This reach
classifies as a Rosgen 134-type stream with a valley slope of 3.7%. UT3 Reach 3 continues off -site before
converging with East Buffalo Creek downstream, continuing on to Lake Santeetlah about a mile
downstream.
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UT4
UT4 Reach 1 originates from a forested, headwater seep and confined, colluvial valley near the
southeast corner of the Site. A preservation approach was taken on this reach. UT3 Reach 1 has a steep
valley with an average slope of approximately 22% and contains a stable stream and riparian buffer
consisting of mature and native forest cover. As with many of the reaches being preserved on the
southern half of the property, the entire headwaters of UT4 is protected, and beyond that the property
abuts the Nantahala National Forest which provides additional habitat connectivity benefits. UT4 Reach
1 continues under East Buffalo Road, where UT4 Reach 2 begins.
UT4 Reach 2, which begins at station 5000+52, is a perennial stream that was treated with an
enhancement I approach. Through the enhancement I approach, a perched pipe condition was
eliminated at the start of the reach and a priority 1 stream restoration approach was implemented
involving full dimension, pattern and step -pool profile restoration. Cattle have been permanently
removed from the Site and the riparian buffer has been planted. This reach classifies as a Rosgen B4a-
type stream with a valley slope of 5.8%.
UT4a, UT4b, and UT01
UT4a originates on -site at the base of a steep slope, just west of and in close proximity to UT4 Reach 1.
UT4a lies within the conservation easement and has a valley slope of approximately 17% with multiple
channel threads above East Buffalo Road. UT4a is not for credit and eventually confluences with UT3
Reach 3 at the downstream project limits.
UT4b is a small headwater tributary to UT4 Reach 1 and originates high on the same slope in the
southeast corner of the Site. The approach for UT4b is credited as a preservation reach and has an
average valley slope of approximately 30%. This Reach shares the same stable morphology and
vegetation that was seen on UT4 Reach 1.
Flowing into UT4b is UT4b1 which is a small perennial stream around 50 feet in length. UT4b1 will be
preserved and protected by the conservation easement, however, no credit was sought for this reach.
UTS
UT5 Reach 1 originates from a forested, headwater seep just upstream of the northeastern corner of the
Site. UT5 Reach 1 is a preservation reach with an average valley slope of 11 - 17% flowing in a confined
valley through the Site into UT5 Reach 2. UT5 Reach 1 has stable step -pool morphology that contains
bedrock and other large bed material. Adjacent areas are mature forest with minimal invasive species.
UT5 Reach 2 begins at station 6000+67. It follows the pre -construction alignment of East Buffalo Creek
and is an extension of the existing UT5 terminus to the new relocated East Buffalo Creek confluence.
Because the reach is an extension, only enhancement 11 credit was sought for the step -pool restoration
approach that was implemented. In addition to the new channel alignment and profile, the restoration
also removed cattle, planted a riparian buffer, and treated invasive species. UT5 Reach 2 has a slope of
11.4% and classifies as a Rosgen 134a-type stream.
UT6
UT6 originates on the project Site in the far northwest corner of the Site. While UT6 will be preserved
and protected by the conservation easement, the reach is not being credited due to the fragmented
nature of the reach from other project components. It flows through a steeper valley with a 7% average
slope and is bordered by a mature forest. Just before leaving the Site, the channel enters a pre-existing
pipe. It subsequently flows off -site and before it reemerges and confluences with East Buffalo Creek
downstream of the project.
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UT7
UT7 originates on -site and is confined in a moderately steep colluvial valley bordered by a mature forest.
This reach has been credited as a preservation reach and is a stable step -pool stream with a mature
wooded buffer. Extensive invasive species efforts were conducted along UT7 as part of the project
activities to reduce the density of invasives. The baseflow in UT7 transitions from perennial to
intermittent mid -reach for approximately 200 feet before resuming to perennial flow at the project
boundary. UT7 has a slope of 13% and classifies as a Rosgen 134a-type stream.
Preservation Activities
Old logging roads, classified as primary or secondary, were treated extensively in order to decommission
roads and treat erosion and sediment sources as part of preservation activities on the southern portion
of the Site, south of East Buffalo Road. Road abandonment activities were documented in the mitigation
plan and all proposed activities were implemented, including:
• Removal of three specified crossings along the "lower road", including restoration of buried or
piped stream segments through these crossings to reestablish grade control and bank stability;
• Implementation of various types of erosion and sedimentation -reducing treatments to treat and
plug gulleys, and to divert flow off of old logging roads with earthworks in order to reestablish
more natural flow paths;
• Revegetation efforts, including intermittent tree planting at a frequently of at least 10 tree every
300 feet; and
• Extensive efforts to reduce the risk of vehicular trespassing, including 4-wheeler trespassing,
involving road demolition, and brush and rock barriers at multiple points (at Site entry locations
both along the paved road and high on the Site from other overland access points and also at
trail convergence locations).
Vegetation and Planting Plan
The riparian buffer and wetland areas were planted with bare roots. The planted species composition
were selected based on the target community type based on observation of species in riparian buffers
on -site and from nearby reference communities, best professional judgement on species establishment,
and anticipated Site conditions in the early years following project implementation. Stream banks were
planted with live stakes and the channel toe was planted with multiple herbaceous species. Bare roots
were planted in open areas at a density of 621 stems per acre and existing wooded areas disturbed by
construction were supplementally planted at a minimum density of 100 stems per acre. Permanent
riparian seed was spread on streambanks, floodplain terraces, and disturbed areas within the project
easement. Permanent wetland seed was spread in wetland restoration and enhancement areas. The
types of planted species, their percentage planted, and their location within the easement are outlined
in the Site's planting plan located in the record drawings (Appendix 4).
Invasive species that were not likely to be mechanically removed during construction were treated
before its onset. Treatments were conducted on English ivy between May and July 2020. During
construction both privet and multiflora rose were mechanically removed. Follow-up treatments were
conducted on privet and English ivy between January — February 2021. The Site will continue to be
monitored and managed throughout the seven-year monitoring period.
Project History, Contacts and Attribute Data
The Site was developed by Wildlands Engineering as a part of the Little Tennessee Umbrella Mitigation
Bank. Tables 2, 3, and 4 in Appendix 1 provide detailed information regarding the project activity and
reporting history, project contacts, and project baseline information and attributes.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The stream performance standards for the project Site will follow approved performance standards
presented in the NC IRT Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update
(10/24/2016). Annual monitoring and semi-annual site visits will be conducted to assess the condition of
the finished project. Specific performance standard components are proposed for stream morphology,
stream and wetland hydrology, and stream and wetland vegetation. Performance criteria will be
evaluated throughout the seven-year post -construction monitoring period. The monitoring program is
designed to verify that performance standards are met is described in Section 3.
..1 Streams
2.1.1 Dimension
Riffle cross sections on the restoration reaches should be stable and should show little change in
bankfull area, and width -to -depth ratio. Per NC IRT guidance, bank height ratios shall not exceed 1.2 and
entrenchment ratios shall be at least 1.4 for restored B channels and 2.2 for restored C channels to be
considered stable. All riffle cross sections should fall within the parameters defined for channels of the
appropriate stream type. If any changes do occur, these changes will be evaluated to assess whether the
stream channel is showing signs of instability. Indicators of instability include a vertically incising thalweg
or eroding channel banks. Changes in the channel that indicate a movement toward stability or
enhanced habitat include a decrease in the width -to -depth ratio in meandering channels or an increase
in pool depth. Remedial action would not be taken if channel changes indicate a movement toward
stability.
2.1.2 Pattern and Profile
A longitudinal profile was conducted as part of the as -built survey to provide a baseline for comparison
should it become necessary to perform longitudinal profile surveys later during monitoring and to insure
accordance with design plans. Annual longitudinal profile surveys are not required during the seven-year
monitoring period unless other indicators during the annual monitoring indicate a trend toward vertical
and lateral instability. If a longitudinal profile is deemed necessary, monitoring will follow standards as
described in the 2016 USACE Stream and Wetland Mitigation Guidance for the necessary reaches.
Restoration and enhancement I reaches must remain vertically stable throughout the monitoring period
with little indication of downcutting or significant aggradation. Deposition of sediments at certain
locations (such as the inside of meander bends) is expected and acceptable. Changes in pool depth are
not an indication of vertical instability. Reaches must remain laterally stable and major changes in
planform pattern dimensions and sinuosity should not occur. However, migration of meanders on
alluvial channels is not an indication of instability if cross sectional dimensions continue to meet channel
design parameters.
2.1.3 Substrate
A pebble count was conducted at each surveyed riffle to characterize the pavement during the baseline
monitoring only. A reach -wide pebble count will be performed on each restoration and enhancement I
reach for monitoring years one, two, three, five and seven. Reach -wide counts will be conducted for
stream classification purposes. Substrate materials in the restoration reaches should indicate a
progression towards or the maintenance of coarser materials in the riffle features and smaller particles
in the pool features. However, natural variations in pool and riffle substrate are expected as a result of
sediment transport processes in steeper sloped channels.
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2.1.4 Photo Documentation
Photographs should illustrate the Site's vegetation and morphological stability on an annual basis. Cross-
section photos should demonstrate no excessive erosion or degradation of the banks. Longitudinal
photos should indicate the absence of persistent mid -channel bars or vertical incision. Grade control
structures should remain stable. Deposition of sediment on the bank side of vane arms is preferable.
Maintenance of scour pools on the channel side of vane arms is expected.
2.1.5 Hydrology Documentation
The occurrence of bankfull events will be documented on restoration and enhancement I streams
throughout the monitoring period. Four bankfull flow events must be documented within the seven-
year monitoring period. The four bankfull events must occur in separate years. Stream monitoring will
continue until performance standards in the form of four bankfull events in separate years have been
documented.
Vegetation
The final vegetative performance standard is the survival of 210 planted stems per acre in the planted
riparian areas at the end of the required seven-year monitoring period. The interim measure of
vegetative success for the Site is the survival of at least 320 planted stems per acre at the end of MY3
and at least 260 stems per acre at the end of MY5. It should be noted that no single planted or volunteer
species shall comprise more than 50% of the total stem density within any plot at year three, five, or
seven. In NC mountain counties, planted trees must average 6 feet in height in each plot at the end of
MY5 and 8 feet in height at MY7. The extent of invasive species coverage will also be monitored and
controlled as necessary throughout the required monitoring period.
Wetlands
The final performance standard for wetland hydrology will be a free groundwater surface within 12
inches of the ground surface for 26 consecutive days (12% percent) of the defined growing season for
Graham County (April 2 through November 5) under typical precipitation conditions.
1.4 Visual Assessments
Visual assessments should support the specific performance standards for each metric as described
above.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

MONITORING PLAN & METHODOLOGY
Annual monitoring data will be reported in accordance with Regulatory Guidance Letter (RGL) 08-03.
Installed monitoring device and plot locations closely mimic the locations of those proposed in the Site's
Mitigation Plan. Deviations from these locations were made when professional judgement deemed
them necessary to better represent as -built field conditions or when installation of the device in the
proposed location was not physically feasible. The monitoring report shall provide project data
chronology that will facilitate an understanding of project status, trends, research purposes, and assist
in decision making regarding close-out. The monitoring period will extend seven years beyond
completion of construction or until performance criteria have been met. All survey data will be
georeferenced to North Carolina State Plane coordinates. Project monitoring requirements by reach and
frequency are listed in Table 5 in Appendix 1. Monitoring reports will be prepared in the fall of each year
and submitted to USACE no later than April 1 of the following monitoring year. Monitoring features and
locations are shown in Figures 3.0 through 3.4 in Appendix 1.
..1 Streams
Geomorphic assessments follow guidelines outlined in the Stream Channel Reference Sites: An
Illustrated Guide to Field Techniques (Harrelson et al., 1994), methodologies utilized in the Rosgen
stream assessment and classification documents (Rosgen, 1994 and 1996), and in the Stream
Restoration: A Natural Channel Design Handbook (Doll et al., 2003). Please refer to Figures 3.0 through
3.4 in Appendix 1 for monitoring locations discussed below.
3.1.1 Dimension
To assess channel dimension performance, 8 permanent cross -sections were installed along stream
restoration reaches as defined in Table 27-29 of the Mitigation Plan. Cross-section locations were
chosen in the field to be representative of the typical dimensions for each project reach. Each cross-
section is permanently marked with rebar installed in concrete and % inch PVC pipes. Cross-section
surveys will include points measured at all breaks in slope, including top of bank, bankfull, edge of
water, and thalweg. Cross-section surveys will be conducted in monitoring years one, two, three, five,
and seven. Photographs will be taken of the cross -sections looking upstream and downstream during
the survey assessment.
3.1.2 Pattern and Profile
Longitudinal profile surveys will not be conducted during the seven-year post -construction monitoring
period unless other indicators during the annual monitoring indicate a trend toward vertical and lateral
instability. If a longitudinal profile is deemed necessary, monitoring will follow standards as described in
the Stream Mitigation Guidelines issued in October 2016 by the NC IRT for the necessary reaches.
Stream pattern and profile will be assessed visually as described below in Section 3.1.6.
3.1.3 Substrate
Reach -wide pebble count will be performed on each restoration and enhancement I reach for
classification purposes and will be conducted in monitoring years one, two, three, five, and seven. Riffle
100-count substrate sampling were collected during the baseline monitoring only to characterize
pavement at as -built.
3.1.4 Photo Reference Points
A total of 36 permanent photograph reference points were established along the stream reaches after
construction. Photographs will be taken once a year to visually document stability for the seven-year
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report

monitoring period. Permanent markers were established and located with GPS equipment so that the
same locations and view directions on the Site are photographed each year. Photos will be used to
monitor all project stream reaches.
Longitudinal reference photos were established along the channel and will be documented by taking a
photo looking upstream and downstream. Cross -sectional photos will be taken of each permanent cross-
section looking upstream and downstream.
3.1.5 Visual Assessment
Visual assessments will be performed along stream reaches on a semi-annual basis during the seven-
year monitoring period. Areas of concern, such as channel instability (i.e. lateral and/or vertical
instability, in -stream structure failure/instability and/or piping, headcuts), vegetation health (i.e. low
stem density, mortality, invasive species, and/or encroachment), beaver activity, or other easement
encroachments; will be mapped, photographed, and described in the annual monitoring reports.
Problem areas will be re-evaluated during each subsequent visual assessment. Should remedial actions
be required, recommendations will be provided in the annual monitoring report.
Hydrology Documentation
Automated pressure transducers will document stream hydrology and will be used on mitigation
reaches that implement restoration and/or enhancement level I approaches throughout the seven-year
monitoring period. Henceforth, these devices will be referred to as "crest gages (CG)" for those
recording bankfull events and "stream gages (SG)" for those recording baseflow.
3.2.1 Bankfull Events
The occurrence of bankfull events will be documented with the use of automated CGs, photographs, and
visual assessments such as debris lines. CGs will be set to record bankfull events every three hours and
will be installed within the stream's surveyed riffle cross section. A total of 4 CGs were installed along
restoration and enhancement I reaches. The CGs will be downloaded semi-annually to determine if a
bankfull event has occurred. Photographs will be used to document the occurrence of debris lines and
sediment deposition observed during field visits.
.j Vegetation
Vegetative plot monitoring will be conducted in post -construction monitoring years one, two, three,
five, and seven. Permanent plots will be monitored in accordance with the guidelines and procedures
developed by the Carolina Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2008) and the 2016 NC IRT
Stream and Wetland Mitigation Guidance to assess vegetative success. For both permanent and random
plots, all woody stems, including exotic and invasive species, should be counted. Supplemental plantings
and volunteer plants must be present for at least two growing seasons before counting toward
performance standards for monitoring years five and seven. Exotic/invasive species will not count
toward success of performance standards.
A total of 10 permanent vegetation plots were established within the project easement area. Permanent
vegetation plots were randomly established within the planted stream riparian buffer areas to capture
the heterogeneity and density of the vegetative communities. The locations of permanent vegetation
plots were chosen using the same distribution throughout the planting areas, as shown in the Site's
Mitigation Plan, and to best represent the planted areas within the easement. All of the plots were
established as either a standard 10 meter by 10 meter square plot or a 5 meter by 20 meter rectangular
plot. The vegetation plot corners have been marked and are recoverable either through field
identification or with the use of a GPS unit. Reference photographs at the origin looking diagonally
across the plot to the opposite corner were taken during the baseline monitoring in April 2021.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 10

Subsequent assessments in monitoring years one, two, three, five, and seven following the baseline
survey will capture the same reference photograph locations.
Beginning in MY1, individual permanent plot data will be documented and will include diameter, height,
density, vigor, damage (if any), and percent survival. Planted woody stems were marked and mapped
during the baseline monitoring assessment so they can be found in subsequent monitoring years.
Mortality will be determined from the difference between the baseline year's living planted stems and
the current year's living planted stems.
In addition, 2 mobile vegetation plots were established in different locations throughout the planted
conservation easement to evaluate the random vegetation performance for the Site. Mobile vegetation
monitoring plot assessments will document the number of stems, the number and type of species, and
height using a circular or square/rectangular 100 square meter plot.
Please refer to Figures 3.0 through 3.4 in Appendix 1 for the permanent and mobile vegetation
monitoring locations.
..4 Wetlands
To monitor the wetland rehabilitation and re-establishment areas, five groundwater monitoring gages
were installed in March of 2021 per USACE recommended procedures within the wetland areas using In -
situ Level TROLL® 100 pressure transducers. The locations of the installed gages closely mimic those of
the Site's Mitigation Plan. Minor adjustments in these locations were made to best represent wetland
topography or when installation of a gage met ground refusal. The groundwater gages are set to record
the groundwater level two times per day and will be downloaded quarterly during site visits. The
locations of the groundwater gages are denoted in Figures 3.0 through 3.4.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
kaw As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 11

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND CONTINGENCY PLAN
- , Adaptive Management Plan
Wildlands will perform maintenance as needed on the mitigation project. A physical inspection of the
Site shall be conducted a minimum of once per year throughout the post -construction monitoring
period or until performance standards are met. These site inspections may identify site components and
features that require routine maintenance. Routine maintenance for stream features should be
expected most often in the first two years following site construction. The need for maintenance will be
evaluated annually during monitoring activities. Maintenance activities may include the following.
Component/
Maintenance through project close-out
Feature
Routine channel maintenance and repair activities may include chinking of in -stream
structures to prevent piping, securing loose coir matting, and supplemental
Stream
installations of live stakes and other target vegetation along the channel. Areas where
stormwater and floodplain flows intercept the channel may also require adaptive
management to prevent bank failures and head -cutting. Beaver dams that inundate
the streams channels shall be removed and the beaver shall be trapped.
Wetland areas shall be maintained to ensure the health and vigor of the targeted
community. Routine vegetation adaptive management and repair activities may include
supplemental planting, pruning, mulching, and fertilizing. Supplemental planting will be
Wetland
conducted by April 151" with riparian specific seed mix, wetland specific herbaceous plugs
and other bioregionally appropriate woody vegetation. Exotic plant species affecting the
viability of the mitigation shall be controlled by mechanical and/or chemical methods. Any
vegetation control requiring herbicide application will be performed in accordance with the
NC Department of Agriculture (NCDA) rules and regulations.
Vegetation shall be maintained to ensure the health and vigor of the targeted community.
Routine vegetation adaptive management and repair activities may include supplemental
planting, pruning, mulching, and fertilizing. Supplemental planting will be conducted by April
Vegetation
151". Exotic invasive plant species affecting the viability of the mitigation shall be controlled
by mechanical and/or chemical methods. Any vegetation control requiring herbicide
application will be performed in accordance with the NC Department of Agriculture (NCDA)
rules and regulations.
Site boundaries shall be identified in the field to ensure clear distinction between the bank
site and adjacent properties. Boundaries may be identified by fence, marker, bollard, post,
Site Boundary
tree -blazing, or other means as allowed by site conditions and/or conservation easement.
Boundary markers disturbed, damaged, or destroyed will be repaired and/or replaced on an
as -needed basis.
The Wildlands Team will develop necessary adaptive measures or implement appropriate remedial
actions in the event that the Site or a specific component of the Site fails to achieve the success criteria
outlined above. The project -specific monitoring plan developed during the design phase identifies an
appropriate threshold for maintenance intervention based on the monitored items. Any actions
implemented will be designed to achieve the success criteria specified previously and will include a work
schedule and updated monitoring criteria.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 12

AS -BUILT CONDITION (BASELINE)
The Site construction and as -built surveys were completed between April and May 2021. The survey
included developing an as -built topographic surface, and locating the channel boundaries, structures,
and cross -sections. For comparison purposes, during the baseline assessments, reaches were divided
into assessment reaches in the same way that they were established for design parameters. All
monitoring devices were installed in March 2021.
U Record Drawings
A sealed half-size record drawing is located in Appendix 4 that includes redlines for any significant field
adjustments made during construction that were different from the design plans. Specific changes by
each project area are detailed below:
5.1.1 East Buffalo Creek Reach 1
• Station 1003+66: Rock step moved downstream to match field confluence.
5,1,2 East Buffalo Creek Reach 2
• Station 1005+60: Riffle modified
• Station 1005+70: Log step modified
• Station 1005+78: Brush toe not constructed due to profile adjustment
• Station 1005+86: Riffle modified
• Station 1005+94: Rock step modified
o Stations 1005+60 — 1005+94: Modified to field -adjusted step -pool sequence using
existing material and configuration. All bank grading completed, and additional left bank
benching completed.
• Station 1006+51— 1006+59: Profile adjusted in favor of steeper riffle/cascade with pocket pools.
o Station 1006+51: Rock step converted to cascading riffle.
o Station 1006+56: Brush toe not constructed due to profile adjustment.
5.1.3 UT3 Reach 2
• Station 4000+54 — 4000+97: 45 LF of alignment deviation to save existing tree. Alignment
deviation resulted in the addition of two feet of stream length.
o Station 4000+64: Riffle shifted with new alignment.
o Station 4000+68: Rock drop shifted with new alignment.
o Station 4000+83: Rock cascade shifted with new alignment.
o Station 4000+91: Rockslide shifted with new alignment.
• Station 4005+00: Brush toe constructed due to availability of on -site woody material.
• Station 4010+03: Brush toe removed to protect tree roots (tree saved instead of original plan to
remove).
5.1.4 UT3 Reach 3
• Station 4010+61: Rock step added for stability.
• Wetland enhancement near Station 4011+28: Rock drop not constructed to protect stable
ground.
• Station 4011+28: Rock step moved closer to stream to tie stream to wetland.
• Station 4011+37: Brush toe constructed due to availability of on -site woody material.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
kaw As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 13

5.1,5 UT4 Reach 2
• Station 5001+65 — 5002+13: 50 LF alignment deviation to protect existing alders. Alignment
deviation resulted in the addition of two feet of stream length.
5.1.6 Vegetation Planting Plan
Changes to the as -built planting list were made to account for the species availability at the time of
planting and to add species diversity when available. Changes in the location of bare root plantings were
adjusted as needed along the top of bank in the areas where channel realignment was conducted.
Planting zones within areas of "Wetland K" on Sheet 2.3 of the planting plan were switched, one from
riparian to wetland planting zone and one from wetland to riparian planting zone. Supplemental
planting was conducted in existing wooded areas disturbed by construction, as well as in areas indicated
on the Site's record drawings to increase species diversity and fill-in planting for locally sparse areas.
Changes in the planting lists are outlined below.
Streambank Planting Zone —
• The following live stake species percentages were adjusted based on availability:
o Black willow (Salix nigra) from 10% to 19%,
o Silky willow (Salix sericea) from 30% to 27%,
o Silky dogwood (Cornus amomum) from 25% to 22%, and
o Ninebark (Physocarpos opulifolius) from 25% to 22%.
Herbaceous Plugs —
• The following herbaceous plugs were removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Fringed sedge (Carex crinita) and straw colored flatsedge
(Cyperus strigosus).
• The following species was added to increase species diversity at the direction of the engineer:
Fox sedge (Carex vulpinoides) at 33%.
• The remaining species' "Percent of Stems" within the Herbaceous Plugs Planting Zone were
adjusted accordingly.
Riparian Planting Zone —
The following bareroot species was removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Sweet birch (eetula lento).
The following species were added to increase species diversity at the direction of the engineer:
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), southern red oak (Quercus
falcata), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum), American hornbeam (Carpinus Carolinians), witch
hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), white oak (Quercus alba), buckeye (Aesculus flava), tag alder
(Alnus serrulata), southern crabapple (Malus angustifolia), black willow (Salix nigra), strawberry
bush (Euonymous americanus), mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), chinquapin oak (Quercus
muehlenbergii), and Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica).
• The following species percentages were adjusted based on availability:
o Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) from 5% to 6%,
o Black cherry (Prunus serotina) from 10% to 7%,
o Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) from 10% to 11%,
o American linden (Tilia americana) from 10% to <1%,
o Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) from 5% to 7%,
o Paw paw (Asimina triloba) from 5% to 3%, and
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 14

o American hazelnut (Corylus americana) from 5% to 4%.
Supplemental Shaded Area Riparian Planting Zone —
• The following bareroot species was removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago).
• The following bareroot species percentages were adjusted, based on availability, to off -set the
removal of nannyberry (Viburnum lentago):
o Tag alder (Alnus serrulata) from 20% to 25% and
o Winterberry (Ilex veritcillata) from 10% to 15%.
Utility Right-of-way Planting Zone —
• The following bareroot species were removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) and
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia).
• The remaining species' "Percent of Stems" within the Buffer Planting Utility Right -of -Way were
adjusted accordingly.
• Except for tag alder (Alnus serrulata) at 15%, the remaining species' "Percent of Stems" within
the Utility Right -of -Way Planting Zone were adjusted accordingly.
Wetland Planting Zone —
Bareroot, Live Stakes or Tubling:
• The following species were removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Sweet birch (eetula lento) and mountain winterberry (Ilex
montane).
• Except for black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) at 6%, the remaining species' "Percent of Stems"
within the Wetland Planting Zone were adjusted accordingly.
Elective Wetland Plugs:
• The following species were removed from the planting list due to the lack of available
species at the time of planting: Interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana), jack-in-the-pulpit
(Arisaema triphyllum spp. Triphyllum), and pricky bog sedge (Carex atlantica).
• The following species were added to increase species diversity at the direction of the
engineer: Creek sedge (Carex amphibole), fox sedge (Carex vulpinoides), lurid sedge (Carex
lurida), and common rush (Juncus effusus).
• Five -inch pots of cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) and creek sedge (Carex amphibole)
were planted in lieu of plugs due to availability.
• The remaining species' "Percent of Stems" within the Elective Wetland Plugs Planting Zone
were adjusted accordingly.
r, 7 Baseline Data Assessment
MYO was conducted between March and June 2021 with the vegetation data collection occurring
between April and June 2021, immediately following planting. The first annual monitoring assessment
(MY1) will be completed in the fall of 2021. The Site will be monitored for a total of seven years, with
the final monitoring activities scheduled for 2027.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 15

5.2.1 Morphological State of the Channel
As -built morphological data was collected between May 2021 and June 2021. Please refer to Appendix 2
for summary data tables, morphological plots, and stream photographs.
Profile
The MYO profiles generally match the profile design parameters. On the record drawing profiles, design
riffles are depicted as straight lines with consistent slopes. Variations from the design profile reflect field
changes during construction as a result of field conditions. Variations in channel profile do not constitute
a problem or indicate a need for remedial actions and will be assessed visually during the visual
assessment Site walks.
Dimension
The MYO dimension numbers closely match the design parameters with minor variations. Over time as
vegetation is established, the channels may narrow. This narrowing over time is normal and is not an
indicator of instability.
Pattern
The MYO pattern generally matches the pattern design parameters. Variations from the design pattern
reflect field changes during construction as a result of field conditions along UT3 and UT4. Alignment
deviations are depicted as red lines on the record drawings, which are located in Appendix 4.
Bankfull Events
Bankfull events recorded following completion of construction will be reported in the MY1 monitoring
report.
5.2.2 Vegetation
The overall MYO planted density for both permanent and mobile vegetation plots is 587 stems/acre,
which exceeds the interim measure of vegetative success of at least 320 planted stems per acre at the
end of the third monitoring year. Summary data and photographs of each plot can be found in Appendix
3. Deviations from the Mitigation Plan's planting plan are outlined in Section 5.1.6, as well as on Sheet
2.0 — 2.3 of the record drawings.
5.2.3 Wetlands
Groundwater gage data will be reported in the annual MY1 report.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 16

REFERENCES
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E. 2003. Stream
Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Harrelson, Cheryl C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An Illustrated
Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61 p.
Lee, Michael T., Peet, Robert K., Steven D., Wentworth, Thomas R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation Version 4.2. Retrieved from: http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/protocol/cvs-eep-protocol-v4.2-lev1-
2.pdf
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR), 2015. Surface Water Classifications.
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/csu/classifications
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (DMS), 2018. Little Tennessee River Basin Restoration
Priorities.
North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS), 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina: North Carolina Survey,
General Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000. https:Hdeq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-mineral-land-
resou rces/north-carol ina-geological-survey/ncgs-maps/1985-geologic-map-of-nc4
NC Interagency Review Team (IRT), October 2016. Stream Mitigation Guidelines. USACE, NCDENR-DWQ,
USEPA, NCWRC.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2008. Regulatory Guidance Letter No. 08-03: Minimum
Monitoring Requirements for Compensatory Mitigation Projects Involving the Restoration,
Establishment, and/or Enhancement of Aquatic Resources. Retrieved from
https://www.usace.army.mil/missions/civil-works/regulatory-program-and-permits/guidanceletters/
USACE, 2005. Technical Standard for Water -Table Monitoring of Potential Wetland Sites. Wetlands
Regulatory Assistance Program, ERDC TN-WRAP-05-2,
https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1327/ML13276AO40.pdf.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resource Conservation District (NRCS), 2020.
WETS Station, Statesville 2 NNE, Iredell County, NC.
https://www.wcc.nres.usda.gov/climate/navigate_wets.html.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc., 2020. East Buffalo Mitigation Site Mitigation Plan. Asheville, NC.
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
kaw As -Built Baseline Monitoring Report 17

APPENDIX 1. General Figures and Tables

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Directions to site:
From Charlotte: Take 1-85 S for approximately 24 miles. Then take exit 10B for
US-74 W continue for approximately 90 miles. Keep left to continue on US-74 W
for another 18 miles. Take exit 27 for US-74 toward US-19/US-23. Continue onto
US-74 W / Great Smoky Mountains Expy for 33 miles. Keep left to continue on
US-74 W for approximately 15 miles, then take a slight right onto NC-28 N and
continue for 11 miles. Turn left onto NC-143 W / Sweetwater Rd and continue for
8.8 miles. Turn right onto Rodney Orr Bypass. In 4.6 miles turn right onto E. Buffalo
Circle. In 1 mile turn right onto E. Buffalo Rd. Then in 1.2 miles the site will be on
the left side of the road. Parking is on the gravel by the gates.
ON WILDLANDS 0 1 2 Miles
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East Buffalo Mitigation Site
Little Tennessee Umbrella Mitigation Bank
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Graham County, NC

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WT LD LAND S 0 70 140 Feet �y East Buffalo Mitigation Site
ENGINEERING I I I fN Little Tennessee Umbrella Mitigation Bank
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Graham County, NC

Table 1. Mitigation Assets and Components
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
IM!
Project Area/Reach
a
Existing Footage
(LF)or Acreage
Mitigation PlanMitigation
Footage/
Acreage
Project
Category
Components
Restoration Level
Priority Level
Mitigation
Ratio (X:1)
As -Built Footage/
Acreage
Notes/Comments
East Buffalo Creek Reach 1
574
550
Cold
Enhancement II
N/A
2.500
550
N/A
East Buffalo Creek Reach 2
817
842
Cold
Priority 1 Restoration
P1
1.000
842
N/A
East Buffalo Creek Reach 3
325
324
Cold
Enhancement II
N/A
2.500
324
N/A
UT1
396
396
Cold
Enhancement II
N/A
4.000
396
N/A
UT2 Reach 1
1,797
1,797
Cold
Preservation
N/A
7.000
1,797
N/A
UT2 Reach 2
596
587
Cold
Enhancement I
N/A
1.500
587
N/A
UT3 Reach 1
2,179
2,179
Cold
Preservation
N/A
7.000
2,179
N/A
UT3 Reach 2
976
976
Cold
Priority 1 Restoration
P1
1.000
978
N/A
UT3 Reach 3
380
380
Cold
Enhancement I
N/A
1.500
380
N/A
UT4a
744
0
Cold
No Credit
N/A
---
744
N/A
UT4b
505
505
Cold
Preservation
N/A
7.000
505
N/A
UT4b1
---
0
Cold
No Credit
N/A
---
0
N/A
UT4 Reach 1
2,993
2,993
Cold
Preservation
N/A
7.000
2,993
N/A
UT4 Reach 2
164
164
Cold
Enhancement
N/A
1.500
166
N/A
UT5 Reach 1
1,343
1,343
Cold
Preservation
N/A
7.000
1,343
N/A
UT5 Reach 2
0
181
Cold
Enhancement 11
N/A
2.500
181
N/A
UT6
196
0
Cold
No Credit
N/A
---
0
N/A
UT7
799
799
Cold
Preservation
10.000
799
N/A
Relic Wetland K
0.00
1.06
Cold
Re-establishment1.000
1.06
N/A
Wetland D (portion)
0.66
0.66
Cold
Rehabilitation1.500
A
0.66
N/A
Wetland D (portion), E, F, 1, J
0.74
0.74
Cold
Enhancement3.000
0.74
N/A
Notes:
1. Internal culvert crossing and external break excluded from the credited stream footage.
Restoration Level
Project Credits
Stream
Riparian Wetland
Non -Riparian
Wetland
Coastal Marsh
Warm
Cool
Cold
Riverine
Non-Riv
Restoration
N/A
N/A
1,818.000
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Re-establishment
1.06
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rehabilitation
0.44
N/A
N/A
N/A
Enhancement
0.25
N/A
N/A
N/A
Enhancement
N/A
N/A
754.000
Enhancement ll
N/A
N/A
521.000
Creation
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Preservation
N/A
N/A
1,339.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
Totals
N/A
N/A
4,432.5
1.75
N/A
N/A
N/A

Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
404 Permit
Feburary 2020
November 2020
Mitigation Plan
October 2020
October 2020
Final Design - Construction Plans
December 2020
December 2020
Construction
December 2020 - April 2021
April 2021
Temporary S&E mix applied to entire project areal
March - April 2021
April 2021
Permanent seed mix applied to reach/segments'
March - April 2021
April 2021
Bare root and live stake plantings for reach/segments
March - April 2021
April 2021
Baseline Monitoring (Year 0)
Stream Survey
May 2021
July 2021
Vegetation Survey
April 2021
Remediation
N/A
Encroachment
N/A
Year 1 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 2 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 3 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 4 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 5 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 6 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
Year 7 Monitoring
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
Remediation
Encroachment
'Seed and mulch is added as each section of construction is completed.
Table 3. Project Contact Table
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Designers
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Jake McLean, PE
167-B Haywood Rd.
Asheville, NC 28806
828.545.3865
Construction Contractors
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc.
1000 Bat Cave Road
Old Fort, NC 28762
Planting Contractor
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc.
1000 Bat Cave Road
Old Fort, NC 28762
Baker Grading & Landscaping, Inc.
Seeding Contractor
1000 Bat Cave Road
Old Fort, NC 28762
Seed Mix Sources
Green Resource
Nursery Stock Suppliers
Bare Roots
Dykes & Sons Nursery & Urban Forestry Nursery
Live Stakes
Foggy Mountain Nursery
Herbaceous Plugs
Charleston Aquatic & Environmental
Monitoring Performers
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Kristi Suggs
Monitoring, POC
[phone] x.110

Q
i

Table S. Monitoring Component Summary
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Quantity/Length by Reach
East Buffalo
East Buffalo
East Buffalo
UT2
UT2
Parameter
Monitoring Feature
Frequency
Notes
Creek Reach 1
Creek Reach 2
Creek Reach 3
UT1
Reach 1
Reach 2
Wetlands
Riffle Cross -sections
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
year 1, 2, 3, 5,
Dimension
and 7
1
Pool Cross -sections
N/A
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
N/A
Pattern
Pattern
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
Profile
Longitudinal Profile
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Reach wide (RW) Pebble
year 1, 2, 3, 5,
Substrate
Count
N/A
1 RW
N/A
N/A
N/A
1 RW
N/A
and 7
3
Crest Gage(CG) and/or
Hydrology
Transducer (SG)
N/A
1CG
N/A
N/A
N/A
1CG
N/A
Semi -Annual
4
Wetland Hydrology
Groundwater Gages
5
Quarterly
Vegetation
CVS Level 2/Mobile Plots
6 - Open Area, 1 - Wetland Reestablishment Area (6 Permanent, 1 Mobile)
yeara^'d273' 5,
5
Visual Assessment
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Semi -Annual
8
Exotic and nuisance vegetation
Semi -Annual
6
Project Boundary
Semi -Annual
7
Reference Photos'
I Photographs
12 1
Annual
1 Reference photos shall include photo points at proposed road crossing naturalization locations along preservation reachestoverify that areas are stable (Reach 1 of UT2 and UT3).
Quantity/Length by Reach
UT3
UT3
UT3
UT4
UT4
Parameter
Monitoring Feature
Frequency
Notes
Reach 1
Reach 2
Reach 3
Reach 1
Reach 2
UT46
Riffle Cross -sections
N/A
1
1
N/A
1
N/A
Yearn ,,d273, 5,
Dimension
1
Pool Cross -sections
N/A
1
0
N/A
0
N/A
Pattern
Pattern
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
Profile
Longitudinal Profile
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Substrate
Reach wide (RW) pebble
N/A
1 RW
1 RW
N/A
1 RW
N/A
year 1, 2, 3, 5,
3
count
and 7
Crest Gage(CG) and/or
Hydrology
Transducer(SG)
N/A
1CG
N/A
1CG
N/A
Semi -Annual
4
Vegetation
CVS Level 2/Mobile Plots
4 - Open Area, 1 - Wetland Enhancement Area (4 Permanent, 1 Mobile)
yearn , 2, 3, 5,
5
nd
Visual Assessment
T
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Semi -Annual
8
Exotic and nuisance vegetation
Semi- Annual
6
Project Boundary
Semi -Annual
7
Reference Photos'
Photographs
15
Annual
1 Reference photos shall include photo points at proposed road crossing naturalization locations along preservation reachestoverify that areas are stable (Reach 1 of UT2 and UT3).
Quantity/Length by Reach
UT5
UT5
UT7
Parameter
Monitoring Feature
Frequency
Notes
Reach 1
Reach 2
Riffle Cross -sections
N/A
N/A
N/A
year 1, 2, 3,
Dimension
5, and 7
1
Pool Cross -sections
N/A
N/A
N/A
Pattern
Pattern
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Profile
Longitudinal Profile
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
Substrate
Reach wide (RW) pebble
N/A
N/A
N/A
year 1, 2, 3,
3
count
5 and 7
Hydrology
Crest Gage(CG) and/or
N/A
N/A
N/A
Semi-
4
Transducer SG
Annual
Vegetation
CVS Level 2/Mobile Plots
N/A
year 1, 2, 3,
5
5, and 7
VisualAssessment
y
y
y
Sem -
8
Annual
Exotic and nuisance vegetation
T
Sem -
6
Annual
Project Boundary
Semi -
7
Annual
Reference Photos
Photographs
4
Annual
1. Cross -sections willbepermanently marked with reb.— establish location. Surveys will include points measured at all breaks in slope, including top of bank, ban kfull, edge ofw.tc,, and thalweg.
2. Pattern and profile will be assessed visually during semiannual site visits. Longitudinal profile will be collected during as -built baseline monitoring survey only, unless observations indicate
widespread lack ofvertical stability (greaterthan 10%of reach is affected)and profile survey is warranted in additional years to monitor adjustments or survey repair work.
3. Riffle 100aount substrate sampling will be collected during the baseline monitoring only. Substrate assessments in subsequent monitoring years will consist of reachwide substrate monitoring.
4. Crest gages and/or stream gages will be monitored using automated pressure transducers. Transducers will set to record bank full events at least twice a day and stream flow at least every 3 hours
and will be inspected quarterly or semiannually. Evidence of bankfull and stream flow events will be documented with a photo when possible.
5. Both mobile and permanent vegetation plots will be util'aed to evaluate the vegetation performance for the open areas planted.2% ofthe open planted acreage will be monitored with permanent
and mobile plots. Permanent vegetation monitoring plot assessments will follow CVS Level 2 protocols. Mobile vegetation monitoring plot assessments will document number of planted stems
and species using a circular or 100 m2 square/rectangular plot. Planted shaded areas will be visually assessed.
6. Locations ofexotic and nuisance vegetation will be mapped
7. Locations ofvegetation damage, boundary encroachments, etc. will be mapped.
8. Visual assessment shall include verification ofstability.

APPENDIX 2. Morphological Summary Data and Plots

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Stream Photographs
Monitoring Year 0

Photo Point 1- UT1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 1- UT1, view downstream (06/02/2021) 1
Photo Point 2 - E. Buffalo Creek R1, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 2 - E. Buffalo Creek R1, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 3 - E. Buffalo Creek R1, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 3 - E. Buffalo Creek R1, view downstream (04/07/2021)

Photo Point 4 - Wetland Re-establishment, view North (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 4 - Wetland Re-establishment, view East (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 5 - UT2 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 5 - UT2 R2, view downstream 04/07/2021)

Photo Point 6 - UT2 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 6 - UT2 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 7 - E. Buffalo Creek R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 7 - E. Buffalo Creek R2, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 7 - UT2 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021)

R
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Photo Point 11- UT5 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 11- UT5 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 12 - UT7, view upstream (03/11/2021) 1 Photo Point 12 - UT7, view downstream (03/11/2021) 1
PP13 - E. Buffalo Creek R3, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 PP13 - E. Buffalo Creek R3, view downstream (04/07/2021)

Photo Point 14 - UT3 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 14 - UT3 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 15 - UT3 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) I Photo Point 15 - UT3 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021)
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Photo Point 16 - UT3 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) Photo Point 16 - UT3 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021)

Photo Point 17 - UT4 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) I Photo Point 17 - UT4 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021)
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Photo Point 18 - UT3 R3, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 18 - UT3 R3, view downstream (04/07/2021) 1
Photo Point 19 - UT2 R1, view upstream (03/10/2021) 1 Photo Point 19 - UT2 R1, view downstream (03/10/2021)

Photo Point 20 - UT2 R1, view upstream (03/10/2021) 1 Photo Point 20 - UT2 R1, view downstream (03/10/2021) 1
Photo Point 21- UT2 R1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 21- UT2 R1, view downstream (06/02/2021) 1
Photo Point 22 - UT2 R1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 22 - UT2 R1, view downstream (06/02/2021)

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Photo Point 29 - UT4 Rl, view upstream (03/10/2021) Photo Point 29 - UT4 Rl, view downstream (03/10/2021)
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Photo Point 32 - UT4 R1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 32 - UT4 R1, view downstream (06/02/2021) 1
Photo Point 33 - UT4 R1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 33 - UT4 R1, view downstream (06/02/2021) 1
Photo Point 34 - UT3 R2, view upstream (04/07/2021) 1 Photo Point 34 - UT3 R2, view downstream (04/07/2021)

Photo Point 35 - UT3 R1, view upstream (06/02/2021) 1 Photo Point 35 - UT3 R1, view downstream (06/02/2021) 1
Photo Point 36 - UT2 R1, view upstream (03/11/2021) I Photo Point 36 - UT2 R1, view downstream (03/11/2021)

APPENDIX 3. Vegetation Plot Data

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Table 9a. Planted and Total Stem Counts
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Scientific Name
Common Name
Species Type
Permanent Plot 1
Permanent Plot 2
Permanent Plot 3
Permanent Plot 4
PnoLS
P-all
I T
PnoLS
P-all
T
PnoLS
P-all
T
PnoLS
P-all
T
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
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Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
Corylus americans
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
2
2
2
2
2
2
Euonymus americanus
Strawberry -bush, Heart's-a-bustin'-(with-love)
Shrub
1
1
1
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Itea virginica
Virginia -willow, Sweetspire, Tassel -white
Shrub
2
2
2
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Malusangustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
1
1
1
Nyssa sylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood,Sorrel-tree
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Physocarpusopulifolius
Ninebark
Shrub
1
1
1
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Pop ulus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
2
2
2
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
2
2
2
5
5
5
1
1
1
salixnigra
Black Willow
Tree
salixsericea
Silky Willow
Shrub Tree
sambucus canadensis
Common Elderberry
Shrub Tree
8
8
8
Ulm us rubra
Slippery Elm, Red Elm
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Stem count
15
15
15
11
11
11
13
13
13
12
12
12
size (ares)
1
1
1
1
size (ACRES)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Species count
10
10
10
6
6
6
5
5
5
12
12
12
Stems per ACRE
607
607
607
445
445
445
526
526
526
486
486
486
Scientific Name
r. 1 -
Common Name Species Type Permanent Plot 5 Permanent Plot 6 Permanent Plot 7 Permanent Plot 8
PnoLS
P-all
I T
PnoLS
P-all
T
PnoLS
P-all
T
PnoLS
P-all
T
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
Asimina triloba
Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Corylus americans
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
2
2
2
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
Euonymus amen .conus
Strawberry -bush, Heart's-a-bustin'-(with-love)
Shrub
1
1
1
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Itea virginica
Virginia -willow, Sweetspire, Tassel -white
Shrub
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Malusangustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
1
1
1
Nyssa sylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood,Sorrel-tree
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Physocarpusopulifolius
Ninebark
Shrub
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1—
Pop ulus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
7
7
7
salixnigra
Black Willow
Tree
1
1
1
salixsericea
Silky Willow
Shrub Tree
2
2
2
sambucus canadensis
Common Elderberry
Shrub Tree
Ulm us rubra
Slippery Elm, Red Elm
Tree
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
Stem count
19
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
17
13
13
13
size (ares)
1
1
1
1
size (ACRES)
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Species count
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
6
6
6
Stems per ACRE
760
769
1 69
1 688
1 688
1 688
1 688
1 688
1 688
1 526
1 526
1 526
Color for Density PnoLS: Number of planted stems excluding live stakes
Exceeds requirements by 10% P-all: Number of planted stems including live stakes
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10% T: Total stems
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Volunteer species included in total

Table 9b. Planted and Total Stem Counts
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Scientific Name
Common Name
Species Type
Permanent Plot 9
Permanent Plot 10
PnoLS
P-all
T
PnoLS
P-all
T
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Asimina triloba
Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Carpinuscaroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
Corylus americana
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
1
1
1
1
1
1
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Euonymus americanus
Strawberry -bush, Heart's-a-bustin'-(with-love)
Shrub
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
Itea virginica
Virginia -willow, Sweetspire, Tassel -white
Shrub
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Malus angustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
Nyssa sylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood, Sorrel -tree
Shrub Tree
Physocarpus opulifolius
Ninebark
Shrub
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
Populus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
2
2
2
1
1
1
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Salix nigra
Black Willow
Tree
Salixsericea
Silky Willow
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Sambucuscanadensis
Common Elderberry
Shrub Tree
Ulmus rubra
ISlippery Elm, Red Elm
Tree
1
1
1
1
1
1
Stem count
13
13
13
12
12
12
size (ares)
1
1
size (ACRES)
0.02
0.02
Species count
11
11
11
12
12
12
Stems per ACREI
526
1 526
1 526
1 486
1 486
1 486
Permanent Vegetation Plot Annual Mean
Scientific Name
Common Name
Species Type
MYO (2021)
PnoLS
P-all
T
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
10
10
10
Asimina triloba
Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
5
5
5
Carpinuscaroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
2
2
2
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
1
1
1
Corylus americana
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
4
4
4
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
11
11
11
Euonymus americanus
Strawberry -bush, Heart's-a-bustin'-(with-love)
Shrub
2
2
2
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
5
5
5
Itea virginica
Virginia -willow, Sweetspire, Tassel -white
Shrub
2
2
2
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
10
10
10
Malus angustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
2
2
2
Nyssa sylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
8
8
8
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood, Sorrel -tree
Shrub Tree
2
2
2
Physocarpus opulifolius
Ninebark
Shrub
1
1
1
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
12
12
12
Populus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
14
14
14
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
5
5
5
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
26
26
26
Salixnigra
Black Willow
Tree
1
1
1
Salixsericea
Silky Willow
Shrub Tree
3
3
3
Sambucuscanadensis
Common Elderberry
Shrub Tree
8
8
8
Ulmus rubra
Slippery Elm, Red Elm
Tree
8
8
8
Stem count
142
142
142
size (ares)
10
size (ACRES)
0.25
Species count
22
22
22
Stems per ACRE
575
575
575
Color for Density PnoLS: Number of planted stems excluding live stakes
Exceeds requirements by 10% P-all: Number of planted stems including live stakes
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10% T: Total stems
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Volunteer species included in total

Table 9c. Planted and Total Stem Counts
East Buffalo Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2019-01296
Monitoring Year 0 - 2021
Cu����MYO 2021)
Annual Mean
Scientific Name
Common Name
Species Type
MP1
MP2
MYO (2 221)
PnoLS
PnoLS
PnoLS
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
2
2
Asimina triloba
Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
1
1
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
1
1
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
1
1
Corylus americana
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
1
1
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
1
1
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
2
2
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
1
1
Malus angustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
1
1
Nyssasylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
1
1
2
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood, Sorrel -tree
Shrub Tree
1
1
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
2
2
Populus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
1
2
3
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
2
2
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
2
4
6
Salixnigra
Black Willow
Tree
1
1
Ulmus rubra
ISlippery Elm, Red Elm
ITree
2
2
4
Stem count
15
17
32
size (ares)
1
1
2
size (ACRES)
0.02
0.02
0.05
Species count
11
10
17
Stems per ACRE
607
8
Overall
Scientific Name
Common Name
Species Type
MYO (2021)
PnoLS
Acernegundo
Box Elder
Tree
12
Asimina triloba
Common Pawpaw, Indian -banana
Shrub Tree
6
Carpinus caroliniana
American Hornbeam
Shrub Tree
3
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Buttonbush
Shrub Tree
2
Corylus americana
American Hazelnut, American Filbert
Shrub
5
Diospyros virginiana
American Persimmon, Possumwood
Tree
12
Euonymusamericanus
Strawberry -bush, Heart's-a-bustin'-(with-love)
Shrub
2
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch Hazel
Shrub Tree
7
Itea virginica
Virginia -willow, Sweetspire, Tassel -white
Shrub
2
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Poplar
Tree
11
Malus angustifolia
Wild Crabapple
Tree
3
Nyssasylvatica
Sour Gum, Black Gum, Pepperidge
Tree
10
Oxydendrum arboreum
Sourwood, Sorrel -tree
Shrub Tree
3
Physocarpus opulifolius
Ninebark
Shrub
1
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore, Plane -tree
Tree
14
Populus deltoides
Eastern Cottonwood
Tree
17
Prunus serotina
Black Cherry
Shrub Tree
7
Quercus rubra
Northern Red Oak
Tree
32
Salixnigra
Black Willow
Tree
2
Salixsericea
Silky Willow
Shrub Tree
3
Sambucus canadensis
Common Elderberry
Shrub Tree
8
Ulmus rubra
Slippery Elm, Red Elm
Tree
12
Stem count
174
size (ares)
12
size (ACRES)
0.30
Species count
22
Stems per ACRE
587
Color for Density PnoLS: Number of planted stems excluding live stakes
__-___._ . ,u rements by 10% P-all: Number of planted stems including live stakes
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10% T: Total stems
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Volunteer species included in total

Vegetation Plot Photographs
Monitoring Year 0

i
Permanent Vegetation Plot 5 (41612021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 6 (41612021) 1

Permanent Vegetation Plot 7 (41612021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 8 (41612021) 1
- _�=ra- �• +_� Yam_ y�+.e -'
Permanent Vegetation Plot 9 (41612021) 1 Permanent Vegetation Plot 10 (41612021) 1
Mobile Vegetation Plot 1(41612021) 1Mobile Vegetation Plot 2 (41612021) 1

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: 6�- Proiect: Ef) Team: M( Plot: Dater/ Q (9 / aOZ
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
(1* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vigor
Damage
`_
.
g •�,...
1.
1
P-q.
.�
�.�
G 3
�--
P-o.
�`.�1
.2
2
--
Q. �.
,-1
y-5
93
-
71
5-S
70
---
.
2.
56
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2--fair,
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and SOcm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsamDllnE**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. if>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
S ecies Name
RI
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub-
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
"Required if cut-off > 10cm or subsample 0100%. • l
• 2
• 3
• • 4
[fei 5
Tr76
�7
� 8
�
� 10 Form WS2, ver 12.1
EntryTool 23 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey, cvs,bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: Proiect: Team: b�JW Plot: _ r ` Date: 2A2.1
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) IY (0.1 m)
Height'
(1* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
V><t?or
Damage
�•
7.4
q.9
V)
y
G..----
107
41T'
.............
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair,
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 1Ocm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250400cm and 50cm if>400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampline":
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If > 10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10Cm ❑ 50Cm ❑ 1000m ❑ 137Cm
Species Name
0
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub_
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
"Required if cut-off or subsample �100%. • 1
•2
• 3
• • 4
H'88S
• 6
r7
� 8
�
�10 Form WS2, ver 12.140
EntryTool 2.3 02012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of _
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: CA Proiect: E d Team: Plot: Date: 0 4 / 0(p /
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) IY (0.1 m)
Height
(1* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vi or
Damage
Jam.
�•3
�.5
%Q
2
t
3
-S.o
7S ©
`-
I .v-
•�
�.Q.
CA k-
J• L
.O
4x)
41
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair, �.
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown htnlikely to survive year, 2-Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampdna*•:
Height CUt-Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain whyto the right.): ❑ l0cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 1000m ❑ 137cm
Species Name
p
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT
CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub-
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
* *Required if cut-off> I Ocm or subsample 0100%. • 1
02
• 3
Do
• • q
0
NS 00
� 6
::
7::1
T:7t
X 10 Form WS2, ver 12.1
EntryTool 2.3 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: 6)k Project: EID Team: Plot: Date: 9 l / 06 /Z42
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
(I* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vi or
—
Damage
g
• 01.
3 3
70
10
-7
—
y
ram.
o
Li
o.
�• 1
�13
o
—
c00.k
.311.
6----
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=9ood, 2=fair,
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsamplin¢**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
S ecies Name
0
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT
CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub-
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
"*Required if cut-off >l0cm or subsample 0100%. • l
• 2
•
• 3
••
• • 4
••
HS
••
•
• 6
�7
tt S
H
�
N
10 Form WS2, ver 12.1
EntryTool 2.3 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: Eli, Proiect: Team: (- Plot: 5 Date: 4 / b /2caI
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) IY (0.1 m)
Height
(1 cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vi or
Damage
P.
--�
w
!
'•
-iw
0A'
5,
15.7
• �•
1 'M
- •
w0
. ���,•
d
\A
I V�
�• �-
7.`7
V
&5
--
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair,
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, 0—Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to IOcm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems -tallied by species & subsamplina**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
Species Name
pJFS,e
oed
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT
CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
b-
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
sub-
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
"Required if cut-off>10em or subsample #100%. • 1
• •2
• 3
••
• • 4
••
♦•5
••
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EntryTool 2.3 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of _
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: h Proiect: 56 Team: 6KNC Plot: Date: ©�
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
(I* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)—
Vi or
Dama e
g
Q
Q.
5
—
Ai. n.
9,06
o-L
52
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—�
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,
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Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair, �.
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampline**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
Species Name
p
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub-
Sapl
0-1 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
"Required if cut-off >10cm or subsample 0100%, 01
:2
: 3
::4
NS
• 6
r7
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10 Form WS2, ver 12.100
$ntryTool 2.3 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs,bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page —of
Planted Woody Sthelms,1- individual stems measured
Leader: R Proiect: E
fj Team: V I� u C Plot: :Z Date: O y / 0 � / 2,0 2.1
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
(1* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vigor
Damage
96
k 10I
W '
,--
Li
92-
Li
700
Ll--
C . o .
L
(CIS
7.16
M.,..
4,,3
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair, �.
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to IOcm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsamollog**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 1 Ocm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
Species Name
L1
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
Sub_
Sapl
04 cm
1-2.5
2.5-
5-
>10
(write DBH)
**Required if cut-off >IOcm or subsample #100%. • 1 •2 • 3 • • 4 NS 1
• 6 ::7 8I:t :: 10 Form WS2, ver 12.1
EntryTool 23 ©2012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems -individual stems measured
Leader: Proiect: G!J
Team: W L Plot: 19 Date: 0�/ 06 / 20
S, pecies Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
*
(I*cm)
DBH
I (1 cm)
Vigor
Damage
MA
Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, I Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair, �.
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown I 1=unlikely to survive year, O=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought,, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampdna'*:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT CLASSES SAPLINGS — DBH TREES = DBH
Species Name 0 Sub- 10 cm- 50 cm- 100 cm- Sub- >10
c Seed 50 cm 100 cm 137 cm Sapl 0-1 cm 1-2.5 2.5- 5- (write DBH)
"Required if cut-off >10cm or subsample #100%, • 1 •2 • 3 • • q •" 1 • 6 ::7 H 8 M � 10 Form WS2, ver 12.1
EntryTool 23 02012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level 2 Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: U Proiect: C— 6 Team: VlAt Plot: 9 Date:
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) Y (0.1 m)
Height
(1 * cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Vi or
Damage
(0
- -
Li
5.1
al
.Q.
n.
�•
S.-I
It
-'
� •
•
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Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair,
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown l=unlikely to survive year, 2---Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10cm if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400cm and 50cm if >400cm. Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampline**:
Height Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm❑ 50cm ❑ 100cm ❑ 137cm
Species Name
10
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT
CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
Sub-
Seed
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm-
137 cm
sub_
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1-2.5
2.5-
5-
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(write DBH)
**Required if cut-off >10cm or subsample 0100%. • 1
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••
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Entry'rool 2.3 02012 Carolina Vegetation Survey. cvs.bio.unc.edu

Woody Stem Data: CVS Level Page _ of
Planted Woody Stems - individual stems measured
Leader: 6K Proiect: Team: Plot: l0 Date: 0 4 / 0� / 267—
Species Name
Source
Coordinates
X (0.1 m) IY (0.1 m)
Height
(1* cm)
DBH
(1 cm)
Y!9ff
Damage
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Source: Transplant, Live stake, Ball and burlap, Pot, Vigor: 4=excellent, 3=good, 2=fair, �.
Tubling, Bare Root, Auger, Mechanically planted, Unknown 1=unlikely to survive year, 2=Dead, Missing.
*Height precision drops to 10em if Damage: Removal, Cut, Mowing, Beaver, Deer, Rodents, Insects, Game, Livestock, Other/Unknown Animal, Human Trampled,
250-400em and 50cm if >401 Site Too Wet, Site Too Dry, Flood, Drought, Storm, Hurricane, Diseased, Vine Strangulation, Unknown, specify other.
Explanation of cut-off
Natural Woody Stems - tallied by species & subsampline":
ei ht Cut -Off (All stems shorter than this are ignored. If>10cm, explain why to the right.): ❑ 10cm ❑ 50em ❑ 100em ❑ 137em
Species Name
c
SEEDLINGS — HEIGHT
CLASSES
SAPLINGS
— DBH
TREES — DBH
sea
10 cm-
50 cm
50 cm-
100 cm
100 cm -
137 cm
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(write lDBH
* *Required if cut-off >l0cm or subsample # 100%. • l
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