WI0600068_Other Correspondence_20101101

APPENDIX 3:
CASE STUDIES

State Coalition for Remediati f Drycleaners (SCRD) - Single Profile
lay
Page 1 of 5
Site Profiles
Publications
State
Federal
Reference
Links
Comments
Site Profiles - View
General Information
Site Name and
Location:
Description:
Historical activity
that resulted In
contamination.
Contaminants:
Contaminants:
Contaminants
present and the
highest amount
detected in both soil
and groundwater
(please avoid giving
ranges).
Other
Contaminants
Present:
Indicates what other
contaminants were
found on -site
Deepest
Significant
Groundwater
Contamination:
Quick-N-Easy Wash-O-Mat and Artistic Cleaners
Wichita, Kansas, United States
Two former drycleaner facilities are sources within
the large multi -source Gilbert -Mosley Site in
Wichita, Kansas. The inactive facilities are within a
commercial area that is surrounded by residential
areas. Quick-N-Easy Wash-O-Mat was a coin -
operated laundry with self-service drycleaning,
while the Artistic Cleaners was a standard
commercial drycleaner service. The Kansas
Department of Health & Environment (KDHE)
conducted site investigations in 1990 and
distinguished the boundaries of the contaminant
plumes resulting from the drycleaners separately
from the rest of the Gilbert -Mosley Site. KDHE
accepted the Quick-N-Easy and Artistic sites into
the State of Kansas Drycleaning Facility Release
Trust Fund in 1996.
Contaminant Conc in
GW
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 40 µg/L
Tetrachloroethene 1,500µg/L 9,930 µ/kg
(PCE)
Trichloroethene (TCE) 190 µg/L
25 ft bgs
Conc. in
Soil
http://www.drycleancoalition.org/profiles/display.cfin?id=36
11/1/2010

State Coalition for Remediati f Drycleaners (SCRD) - Single Profile lay Page 2 of 5
Plume Size:
2,000 ft x 400 ft wide x 25 ft
Site Hydrology:
Depth to
Groundwater:
Lithology and
Subsurface
Geology:
Conductivity:
Gradient:
15 ft bgs
Silt and clay, 1-12 ft bgs (clays are tight) Silty sand
grading to sand/gravel, 12-40 ft bgs Shale (bedrock),
40 ft bgs
1.68 ft/day ft/day
0.002 ft/ft
Pathways and DNAPL Presence:
Pathways:
DNAPL
Presence:
Groundwater
Soil
Yes
Remediation Scenario:
Cleanup
Goals:
Reduce PCE and degradation compound groundwater
contamination to below Alternate Cleanup Levels
(ACL) which are risk -based levels established by the
City of Wichita. The ACLs for groundwater in
Wichita's Gilbert -Mosley Site are: PCE = 14 µg/L,
TCE = 21 µg/L, cis 1,2-DCE = 70. Reduce soil
contamination in accordance with KDHE Risk -Based
Standards: PCE & TCE = 200 µg/kg, cis 1,2-DCE =
800 mg/kg.
Technologies:
Technologies
Used:
Other
technologies
used:
Why the
technology
was
selected:
In Situ:
Chemical Oxidation
Soil Vapor Extraction
SVE was chosen due to the presence of buildings and
utilities affecting access to the source areas. SVE is
normally not a good choice for tight clays, but in this
case an inefficient system is better than none at all.
Permanganate injection was a new innovative
technology that showed good potential so this site was
chosen for a pilot test. The property surrounding the
buildings was readily accessible for injection rigs and
KDHE has a hazardous material storage building in
the area allowing proper storage of the permanganate
material.
http://www.drycleancoalition.org/profiles/display.cfm?id=36 11/1/2010

State Coalition for Remediat f Drycleaners (SCRD) - Single Profile
play
Page 3 of 5
Date
implemented:
Final
remediation
design:
1999 (and continue at present)
The contractor installed a SVE system and completed
two phases of sodium permanganate injections. The
SVE wells targeted three "hot spots." The
permanganate injection solution, known as Liquox, is
a 40% liquid solution. In Phase I, the contractor
diluted Liquox with water to 4%, and used direct push
technology methods to inject approximately 757 gal
of this solution. The contractor used three injection
intervals within each of 33 probes, and injected a total
of 25 gal of solution per probe. Injection time lasted
20 50 min depending on the formation intake of the
solution. Sampling revealed that PCE concentrations
decreased, degradation compound concentrations
increased, and then PCE concentrations rebounded.
KDHE concluded that the volume and concentration
of permanganate was insufficient in Phase I. The
contractor then diluted Liquox with water to 15% for
Phase II, and injected a total of 1,472 gal. Phase II
included six vertical injection intervals within each of
64 probes. The contractor injected approximately 23
gal of solution in each probe.
Results and Next Steps:
Results to The permanganate injections have not significantly
date: reduced overall PCE concentrations, except for in the
area of the sewer line release. PCE concentrations
rebounded and even increased shortly after both
injection phases. The residual DNAPL in the soil
appears to inhibit the success of the injection
solutions. The source has not been sufficiently
removed and continues to serve as a source for
groundwater contamination. KDHE has concluded
that permanganate desorbed residual DNAPL PCE off
of the soil particles and caused it to dissolve in the
groundwater causing an initial increase in
concentrations. Once the permanganate was
completely used, the remaining PCE likely resorbed
to the soil particles or remained mobile: Therefore,
KDHE believes that insufficient quantities of Liquox
may limit the success of the treatment. Natural
factors, such as iron and microorganisms, also
compete for the permanganate and decrease the
quantity available to treat the contaminants.
SVE appears to be effective, but relatively tight clays
prevent a large radius of influence around the SVE
wells. SVE has no impact on the permanganate
http://www.drycleancoalition.org/profiles/display.cfin?id=36 11/1/2010

State Coalition for Remediat f Drycleaners (SCRD) - Single Profile lay Page 4 of 5
Next Steps:
injections.
KDHE has continued to evaluate sampling events, and
will use these results to determine the next cleanup
steps. The most recent sampling event revealed PCE
concentrations up to 530 µg/L, TCE concentrations up
to 85 µg/L, and cis-1,2-DCE concentrations up to 30
lam-•
New larger diameter SVE wells (2 - 3 feet diameter)
are proposed. THe wells will be installed using a
cable -tool rig or bucket auger rig.
Costs:
Cost for $23,033
Assessment:
Cost to $105,718
Design and
Implement:
Cost for $61,928
Operation
and
Maintenance:
Total Costs
for Cleanup:
Lessons Learned:
Lessons
Learned:
1. It is absolutely essential to remove the source prior
to permanganate treatment events. Once the
permanganate solution was used up, the source
continued to release PCE. The volume and
concentration of Liquox, therefore, was insufficient to
treat the contamination. Substantially increased
volumes may cause the technology to be cost
prohibitive with limited budgets.
2. The sodium permanganate injection pilot study
provided enhanced groundwater monitoring, therefore
the O&M costs with this site are higher than normal.
3. KDHE also identified difficulty associated with
injection process. Although the contractors were able
to use standard probe rod diameters, there was nothing
to prevent upward movement along the sides of the
rod. This posed occasional problems. KDHE has
requested the contractor to provide better injection
method to seal the annulus space around the probe
rods.
4. Sodium, manganese, and chloride levels were
elevated following the sodium permanganate
injections. Some levels initially exceeded allowable
http://www.drycleancoalition.org/profiles/display.cfm?id=36 11 / 1/2010

State Coalition for Remediati f Drycleaners (SCRD) - Single Profile lay Page 5 of 5
Contacts:
Principal
Point of
Contact:
levels, but quickly reduced to acceptable levels.
5. Standard auger -installed SVE wells may have
smeared borehole walls which negatively influenced
the SVE systems abilities.
6.
7.
8.
Bob Jurgens
KDHE Bureau of Environmental Remediation
Curtis Bldg., 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 410
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
785-291-3250
[e-mail]
Contractors:
Alan Rittgers, Project Manager
Burns and McDonnell
9400 Ward Parkway
Kansas City, MO 64114
816-822-3893
email:[e-mail]
Todd Anderson, P.G., Project Geologist
BE&K/Terranext
13202 West 98th Street
Lenexa, KS 66215
913-894-4000
email: [e-mail]
Site Specific References:
Site Specific
References:
Images:
Images of
Site:
http://www.drycleancoalition.org!profiles/display.cfm?id=36
Profile last updated on Apr 03, 2006
http://www.drycleancoalition.org/profiles/display.cfm?id=36 11/1/2010

APPENDIX B - Case Studies
1. Former Garden City Laundry and Cleaning Company, 7th Street Site, Garden City, KS
Background
The former Garden City Laundry and Cleaning Company was located at 410 North 8th Street in
GadenCity,Kansas. This dry-cleaning establishment was in operation from 1952 to 1970, and was
demolished in the mid-1970s. Releases of perchloroethylene (PCE) occurred through spills and
generally poor operating procedures after the facility switched from petroleum -based (stoddard)
solvents to PCE. The contamination was discovered by testing Garden City Public Water Supply
(PWS) well 18 for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in January, 1986, as part of a state-wide
effort to test PWS wells for VOCs. Further sampling of PWS well 18 was done in 1993 as part of
a preliminary assessment (PA) and screening site inspection (SSI). An expanded site investigation
(ESI) involving additional sampling and collection of background information on site activities was
conducted in 1995. This ESI identified the Garden City Laundry as the source of the; contamination
inPWSwell 18. Levels of PCE in this well have remained relatively steady, below the 5 microgram
p er liter (ug/L) maximum contaminant level (MCL). After the ESI was completed, the site was
tiansfenedtothe State Dry-cleaning Trust fund in 1995. Further characterization of the groundwater
plume was done by the Dry-cleaning Trust fund in 1997-1998 as a follow-up to the ESI.
Site Hvdrogeoloav
The surface geology around the site consists of sandy loam soils of the Las Animas association,
undaainby as much as 56 feet of sand and gravel alluvial deposits which make up the upper aquifer
beneath the site. The samples containing PCE were taken from this upper aquifer. This alluvium
overlies a confining layer of silt approximately 30 to 60 feet thick, with a vertical conductivity of
0.01 to 0.0001 feet per day. Beneath the confining layer is a lower aquifer of stratified sands and
gravel with some clay and silt. This lower aquifer is more than 100 feet thick and includes the
Oglblaaquifer, which supplies most of the PWS wells in Garden City. The hydraulic conductivity
of the lower aquifer has been calculated at 80 to 150 feet per day. Beneath the lower aquifer is
bedrock of Cretaceous age consisting primarily of shales and limestones, although some sandstone
lenses ampiesentin the bedrock and are tapped by a few wells. Bedrock is found 250-300 feet below
ground surface (bgs). The Arkansas River is located approximately three-quarters of a mile south
of the site.
Groundwater flow direction in the shallow aquifer, in the vicinity of the site, appears to be towards
oneofthePWS wells, apparently due to the well's cone of depression in the water table. The water
table is found approximately 20 feet bgs. Groundwater flow direction in the deep aquifer is to the
south.
Receptors Impacted
Most of the population of Garden City (27,036 persons as of 1995) receives water from 11 PWS
wells.Noneof these wells provide more than 40% of the total water supply, so contamination from
PWSwells 10 and 18 is substantially diluted before reaching any receptors. Numerous private and
community wells exist within four miles of the site; water from these wells, if impacted by
contaminants from the site, would not be treated or diluted prior to consumption by receptors.
Remedial Objectives
Investigation by KDHE defined the extent of the PCE plume migrating away from the site and its
concentration gradient. Pumping ofPWS well 18 is drawing the plume towards the well, indicating
that PCE concentrations in the well may increase over time. Therefore, the objective was to install
B1

a treatment system across the central, high -concentration lobe of the plume to halt its advance and
reduce concentrations in the distal portions of the plume.
Selection of Teclmoloav and Desien Parameters
This site was selected for implementation of innovative remedial technology, in the form of in situ
chemical oxidation, because the contamination plume was relatively small and well-defined, and the
subsurface geology was simple, well characterized, and suitable for the process. The high hydraulic
conductivity of the contaminated aquifers simplifies the delivery of oxidants to the affected zones.
The site's hydrogeology is relatively simple and well-defined, so very little untreated contaminant
shouldmnain in impermeable zones, minimizing the potential for contaminant rebound after in situ
treatment ceases.
Ozone sparging, combined with soil vapor extraction, was chosen as the remedial technology to
serve as a technology demonstration project. The equipment selected consists of a KV Associates
C-Sparger control system with dual Spargepoint wells. These wells combine dual ozone sparging
points, dual well screens, inflatable packer, and a recirculating pump. During operation, ozone is
released fast from the lower spargep oint, then the upper. Following these two sparging intervals, the
in-wellpump is activated to circulate ozonated water surrounding the well through the two screened
intervals, increasing the well's radius of influence. This cycle is repeated for each well in series.
Soil vapor extraction was implemented by connecting a suction line to the top of the four -inch C-
sparge well to extract excess ozone and gaseous breakdown products of PCE bubbling out of the
saturated zone. SVE control equipment, also supplied by KV Associates, consisted of a vacuum
blowerexhausting all four wells in parallel, with a flowmeter and pressure gauge to monitor system
p erformance.
Implementation of Technology
A linear array of four sparging/ SVE wells was placed across the path of the highest -concentration
portion of the advancing plume, spaced at 60-foot intervals. The radius of influence of these wells
were determined to overlap, based on SVE vacuum tests of one of the wells which created
differential pressures in all other wells. Two nearby monitoring wells were installed to help
charactaizetheeffectiveness of the remediation. The system was brought on-line in August of 1998.
The ozone -air mixture was supplied to the sparging wells (one at atime) at approximately 2 cubic
feet per minute, at pressures of 5-10 psi, with an ozone concentration of 1.5-2.5 ppm.
Operational Performance and Problems
The performance of this system cannot be adequately determined, due to numerous equipment
failures that prevented the system from working for more than a few days or weeks at a time. Most
ofthesefaiures were attributable to the C-Sparger control system. The control unit is very complex
and installed in a relatively3small enclosure that led to overheating problems. In addition, the ozone
compressor created substantial vibration, which caused failures of electronic components, electrical
connections, and mechanical fittings. Follow-up sampling to evaluate reductions in PCE
concentration have not yet been conducted.
Costs
Purchasing installing, and maintaining the components of the C-Sparger and SVE systems, as well
as twornonitoring wells near the linear sparging/ SVE array, cost approximately $81,000. Costs can
be broken down as follows:
C-Sparger controller, SVE controller, and downhole components - $31,000
B2

Installation of four sparge wells and two monitoring wells - $25,000
Operation, maintenance, and repairs, August 1998-December 1999 - $25,000
Follow-up Activities
After extensive consultation with KV Associates on the design of their C-Sparger controller, the
manufacturer changed the design to better isolate the mechanical and electrical components from
each other. The controller is now housed in two separate enclosures. The new controller was
installed at the site in January 2000. Minor adjustments have been performed on the system, and it
is currently operating. Follow-up sampling for preliminary evaluation of the system's ability to
remediate the plume will be conducted in the near future.
Point of Contact
M. Saqib Khan
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
[phone]
2. 25th and Main Dry Cleaning Site, Hutchinson, KS
Background
The25°iandMainsite in Hutchinson encompasses three former facilities at two locations: the former
IdealClonnas at 2500 N. Main, the former American Uniform at 2500 N. Main, and the former One
HourMartinizing at 2522 N. Main. Public water supply (PWS) wells in Hutchinson were tested for
volatileorgmic compounds (VOCs) in 1982 as part of a statewide effort, and PWS wells 2, 8, 9, and
12waefound to contain perchloroethylene (PCE). PWS wells 9 and 12 were removed from service
in 1989 due to levels of PCE in excess of the federal maximum contaminant level (MCL).
KDHE conducted a PA/SI on PWS well 12 in 1991 and PWS well 9 in 1992, which identified the
dry -clew ingfaciilities at 25th and Main as one potential source of PCE contamination in groundwater.
Ane anded site investigation (ESI) of these wells was completed in 1993 to better define the site
hydrogeology and the extent of the contaminant plume. The site was transferred to the State Dry-
cleaning Trust fund in 1995.
In 1998, this site was chosen to implement a pilot test of KV Associates' C-Sp arge ozone sparging
system. The objective of the initial test phase was to determine the efficiency of removal with this
technology, its radius of influence around the spargingwell, and other parameters necessary to plan
a full-scale installation. A four -inch ozone spargingwell was drilled to a depth of 35 feet, and five
two-inch monitoring wells were drilled at different distances from the well and screened at
progessively deeper depths, to determine the radius of influence of the C-Sparge well and its effect
on the downgradient concentrations of PCE. System operation started June 10, 1998.
Aflatlmz days of system operation, fine bubbles of air/ozone were observed in all wells within 40
feet, indicating the well created a substantial radius of influence. Sampling of the sparging well and
monitoring wells occurred daily for the first five days of operation, and approximately biweekly
thereafter, concluding on August 27, 1998. Data on PCE concentration and dissolved oxygen from
thesesamp les indicated the system was remediating a portion of the plume. Estimates of the radius
ofinfluence, based on the site hydrogeolog' and samp ling results, indicate that the well could treat
an elliptical region 90 feet long (in the direction of flow), 80 feet wide, and 50 feet deep. Based on
these results, a full-scale ozone sparging system was designed and installed.
B3

GET
Innovative EavironsnenaU 7irhnok's, Inc
Project Summary
Former Dry Cleaning Facility, TN
A former dry cleaning facility in central Tennessee was targeted for chemical oxidation due to the
high concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). The remedial plan
addressed the concentrations of all chlorinated compounds in the source area. The dosage
calculations took into account both the sorbed and dissolved fractions within each targeted area as
well as well as the naturally occurring oxidizer demand and longevity of the MnO4 species. IET
recommended that two permanent, two inch, injection wells be installed, screened both into the
bedrock solution cavities and the soil bedrock interface as shown below and that two of the
existing wells be converted to injection points. The remedial design addressed contamination
present from 60-70 feet bgs, a dark red moist, silty clay that was determined to be a source of
contamination.
Remediation Plan
Four permanent injection points were utilized to emplace the chemical oxidant into the
subsurface. IET chose to utilize a powdered, pharmaceutical grade, high purity KMnO4
suspended in a NaMnO4 solution for injections occurring in the saturated zone. As a result of the
maximum 3% solubility of the KMnO4, the addition of KMnO4 to a solution of soluble NaMnO4
provides a long lasting source of oxidant due to the in -situ concentration present in the subsurface
that is below the 3% solubility of the material. The granular KMnO4 serves as a longer -term
MnO4 release agent in the injection areas thus allowing for prolonged substrate oxidation. IET
delivered the oxidants as a colloidal suspension allowing for uniform and effective delivery of the
dual oxidant slurry.
Results from the injection event indicate that the remedial materials were successfully emplaced
in the subsurface, with no surfacing. CVOC concentrations have decreased substantially from the
pre -injection baseline sampling event.

(9 :
hepure. -
te technologies inc
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
MSDS: Sodium Permanganate (40%)
DATE ISSUED- 12104
SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL, PR )J)UCT IDENT1FTgATTON
PRODUCT NAME: •Sodium Permangin*te Solution
DESCRIPTION: •40%minimum as NaMnO4
SKTION 2 - cOMEQSIT[QN /XNFORMA,TIQN QN INGEWET
CI1EMICAL NAME 70 TIN,
' Sodium Permanganate 40-42 Zmg Mn per cubic
• • rnettr of air
SWTION 3 - HAZARDS IDE fEWCATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: •
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
EYES:
SKIN:
INGESTION:
INHALATION:
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
CAS No,
*10101-50 5
- ACUTE
*Sodium Permanganate is damaging to eye tissue on contact. It may cause bums
that result in damage to the eye.
*Momentary contact of solution at room temp may be irritating to the skin. (caving
brown stains.
• I f swallowc4may case burns to mucous membranes of the
mouth,throat,csophagus, and stomach
"May cause irritation to the respiratory tract
- CHRONIC
•
PRIMARY ROUTE OF ENTRY: •
SECTION 4 - FIRST AIL) ISIDIASURES
EYES:
SKIN:
INGESTION:
INHALATION:
'PHYSICIANS NOTE:
*Flush immediately wilt large amounts of water for at least t 5 minutes. Seek
medical attention immed'arcly.
*Wash contaminated u+tet with water. Sock medical attention if irritation persists.
*If person is conscious, give large amounts of water or milk. Seek medical
nttention.
• Remove person from contaminated area to fresh air. Seek medical attention.
*Decomposition products are alkaline,
SECTION S - FIRE- FIGHTING MEASURES
FI ASHPOINT:
FLAMMABILITY:
AUTOFLAMMASILITIY:
EXPLOSION HAZARD:
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA:
"None
•Nonflammable
'None EXPLOSIVE LIMITS:
LOWER: n'a UPPER:n/a
'Explosive in contsct with sulfuric acid or pc oxides,or readily oxidizable
substances
Use large amounts ofwater. Duce to contain.
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

(6)
hpdre9-
technolo ies inc
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
SPECIAL EXPOSURE HAZARDS IN FIRE: Keep containers cool by spraying with water if exposed to fin:.
SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR A FIRE: Self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn.
EGS14N 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS: *Contain spill by collecting the liquid in a pit or holding behind a dam. Dilute
to approx 6% solution with water and then reduce with sodium thiosulfatc,a bisulfate or ferrous Nall solution.
METHODS FOR CLEANUP: "Flush with abundant water into the sewer. if permitted by fcdcral.st❑te, and local
authorities. IFnot,collccd and treat as above,
SECTION 7 - HANDLJNG AND STOIUGZ
HANDLING: `Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
STORAGE: 'Store in a cool, well -ventilated arch. Segregate from acids.peroxIdes,
Formaldehyde,and all combustible..ortrnic or easily oxidized materials.
SECT1ON $ - EXPOSURE. CONTROL / PER9NAL PROTi1r,Ci'ION
ENGINEI?RiNG CONTROLS: General ventilation is recommended. Eyewash and safety shower stations must be
located in the immediate area.
EXPOSURE GUiDELTNES: not established
PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT:
RESPIRATORY:NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus for exposure to levels above limits.
HAND: Rubber gloves and boots.
EYE: Chemical goggles which are splash and dust proof or face 5hicld.
SKIN: if clothing is contaminated_ wash skin and launder cfothinG.
NOTE: REFORE EATING, DRINKING OR SMOKING. WASH FACE AND HANDS l'HOROIJGHi..Y WITH
SOAP AND WATER.
SECTION 9 - i'HYSICAi. AND CHEMICALtROl'ERTIIES
PHYSICAL STATE, COLOR AND ODOR: *Purple Solution
PH as is: •5-7
BOIL.JNG POINT: *105 degrees C
FLASH POINT:
VAPOR PRESSURE: •760 rmn Ng @ 105 degrees C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: '1.36-1.39
SOLURELiTY iN WATER: 'Miscible in all proportions
viSCOSITY: -
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

6
hptJre
technolog ies inc
SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: "material is not known to polymerize
CHEMICAL STABILITY: 'Stable under normal conditions
CONDITIONS TO AVOID: `contact with incompatible materials or hcat(275• 1)
MATFRIAI.S TO AVOID: •Acids,peroxides,formaldehyde.antifree7z,hydraulic fluids,and all combustible
organic or readily oxidiznb[e materials
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: ''may form corrosive fumes in n the
SECTION 11 - TOXICOU)GICAL INFORMATION
ACUTE TOXICITY:
IRRITANCY:
SENSITIZATION:
irritating to body tissue with which it comes into contact
SUB -ACUTE., SUB -CHRONIC AND PROLONGED TOXICITY:No known cases of chronic poisoning due to
permanganates have been reported.
EMPIRICAL DATA ON EFFEC IS ON HUMANS: has not been classified as a carcinogen by OSHA.NTP.IARC
SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT:Permanganate has a low estimated lifetime in the envirornent
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND:In non -reducing and non -acidic environments MnO2 is insoluble
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND:
AQUATIC TOXICITY: No data
Daphnia mama
Fathead minnow
OTHER INFORMATION: ` Discharge of this product mutt be in accordance with all federal, state, kcal or
other applicable laws and regulations.
SECTOOI( 13 - DISeOSAJ CQNSWER, LTIOTVS
DISPOSAL METHOD:
*Ts considered a D001 hazardous (ignitable) waste.For disposal, see section 6
SECTION 14 - 'TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
DOT SHIPPING NAME: Pcrmanganates,rnorganic,aqucous solution.n.o.s.
UN Number: UN3214
DOT HAZARD CLASS: Oxidizer 5. I
PACKING GROUP; TI
SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA): All components of this product are listed in the Toxic Substances
Control Act inventory.
COMPREHENS1VF ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA):
Not Listed
SUPERPUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT (SARA'fide 111)- Section 311 Hazard
Cntegodes:302/303 not listed 311/312 hanard Catagorios: Firc.acnte and chronic
ERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

h4pure-
9
technolo ies inc
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
toxicity Section 313 contains 20a/. manganese compounds as part of the chemical stnictnre and is subject to the
reporting requirtMents section313 of title III
Acute Health: Vex
Chronic Health: Na
Fitt: No
Sudden Release of Pressure: No
Reactive: No
SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT (SARA Title Ili) Section 3 11:
Components of this product subject to reporting: none
s1 c 1JON tb - 10N
HMIS RATINGS
HEALTH: 1 FLAMMABILITY: 0 REACTIVITY: 0 SPECIAL HAZARD: Oxidizer
The inror'Rmtion and revornntendrttr0tt contained in ibis M.razs! Safety Data $hcxt rove boos complied From uwnxs believed !o be rehab} and to
rcpaxent the hest opinion am the subject as of the date on rick skeet However. no minty, bataranMe of ropecsentvina, cxprefaod ar irnp!icd, i< enndo
by 172 Int i .trios (.LC., ns io the eor:ocnteeax cv,trfTrtkney of ►hie information or to dre rC_culm !o be nhraiiaad from the use sh rct .
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS :
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION
CONDITIONS TO AVOID :
N/A = NOT APPLICABLE
he�urem
technologies inc
TRADE NAME :
CAS NUMBER :
SYNONYMS:
CHEMICAL FAMILY
FORMULA :
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
MSDS: Potassium Permanganate
COMPONENT
SECTION A - PRODUCT INFORMATION
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, TECHNICAL GRADE REVISION DATE : JUNE 7, 2006
7722-64-7
PERMANGANATE OF POTASH; CHAMELEON MINERAL; PERMANGANIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
OXIDIZERS
KMn04
SECTION B - HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS
CAS NO.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE 7722-64-7
(AS INORGANIC MANGANESE COMPOUND CONTAINING 34-35% Mn)
98% MIN.
PELJTLV
5 mg/m3 as Mn - OSHA CEILING LIMIT
0.2 mg�/m3 as Mn - ACGIH TWA
0.2 rrg/m as Mn Fume - ACGIH TWA
SECTION C - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
BOILING POINT (°C) :
MELTING POINT (°C) :
VAPOR PRESSURE (mm Hg) :
VAPOR DENSITY (AIR=1)
SOLUBILITY IN WATER :
ODOR THRESHOLD:
APPEARANCE & ODOR :
N/A
DECOMPOSES AT < 240
NOT KNOWN!
N/A
SOLUBLE, 6.38 g/100cc @ 200°C
N/A
DARK PURPLE CRYSTALS WITH METALLIC LUSTER: ODORLESS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY :
FREEZING POINT (°) :
PERCENT VOLATILE (BY WT.) :
EVAPORATION RATE :
pH ( % IN WATER) :
SECTION D - FIRE & EXPLOSION DATA
2.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
NOT KNOWN
FLASH POINT (°) : N/A
FLAMMABLE LIMITS : LEL : (N/A) UEL : (N/A) AUTO IGNITION TEMP (° F): (N/A)
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA : WATER : (X) FOAM : () CO2: () DRY CHEMICAL: ()
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES : PRODUCT IS NOT COMBUSTIBLE BUT IS A STRONG OXIDIZER. CONTACT WITH OXIDIZABLE
SUBSTANCES, EITHER IN THE SOLID OR DRY STATE, CAN CAUSE EXPLOSIVE AND OR
FLAMMABLE REACTIONS. EXTINGUISH FIRE WITH LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER. DIKE TO
CONTAIN RUNOFF. WATCH FOR RAPID BURNING AND BE PREPARED TO RETREAT TO A
SAFE DISTANCE. POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE - WEAR A NIOSH APPROVED
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS OPERATED IN PRESSURE DEMAND OR
POSITIVE PRESSURE MODE AND FULL PROTECTIVE GEAR. CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN
FIRE. COOL FIRE EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER SPRAY.
UNUSUAL FIRE & EXPLOSION HAZARDS : STRONG OXIDIZERS MAY EXPLODE AND DECOMPOSE SPONTANEOUSLY IF EXPOSED TO
INTENSE HEAT, CONCENTRATED ACIDS, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, REDUCING AGENTS OR
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. VIOLENT REACTION MAY OCCUR WITH FINELY DIVIDED AND
READILY OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCE. INCREASES FLAMMABILITY OF COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS.
SECTION E - REACTIVITY DATA
STABILITY : STABLE UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS
INCOMPATIBILITY : POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS A STRONG OXIDIZER, SPONTANEOUSLY EXPLOSIVE OR
FLAMMABLE ON CONTACT WITH MANY INCOMPATIBLES. AVOID CONTACT WITH ALCOHOLS.
ARSENITES, IODIDES, ACIDS, CHARCOAL, COMBUSTIBLE ORGANIC MATERIALS, FERROUS
AND MERCUROUS SALTS, HYPOPHOSPHITES, HYPOSULFITES, SULFITES, PEROXIDES,
OXALATES, INORGANIC OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS, METAL POWDERS, WOOD, GLYCERINE,
POLYPROPYLENE, AND HEAT. CONTACT WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID WILL LIBERATE
CHLORINE GAS. DO NOT MIX WITH FORMALDEHYDE.
TOXIC, CORROSIVE FUMES OF K10 AND/OR SMOKE MAY EVOLVE WHEN IN A FIRE
WILL NOT OCCUR
CONTACT WITH INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; EXCESSIVE HEAT (>150°C); PHYSICAL IMPACT
OR FRICTION
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

hepure-
tec9hnolo ies inc
SECTION F - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT INFO
RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT :
PROTECTIVE GLOVES :
EYE PROTECTION :
VENTILATION :
OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT :
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE :
PRIMARY ROUTES OF EXPOSURE :
ORAL LD,0 :
DERMAL IRRITATION -RABBIT :
EYE IRRITATION -RABBIT :
OSHA PEL :
ACGIH TLV :
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE :
KNOWN EFFECTS ON OTHER ILLNESSES :
LISTED CARCINOGEN :
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
USE A NIOSH/MSHA DUST AND MIST RESPIRATOR OR AN AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR
WHERE THE POTENTIAL FOR OVEREXPOSURE EXISTS.
RUBBER OR PLASTIC GLOVES
CHEMICAL GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD
USE MECHANICAL OR LOCAL EXHAUST TO MAINTAIN EXPOSURE BELOW THE
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OR THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE (SEE SECTION B).
PROTECTIVE WORK CLOTHING INCLUDING AN APRON; ACCESS TO EYE WASH FOUNTAIN
AND SAFETY DRENCH SHOWER.
SECTION G - HEALTH HAZARD DATA
0.2 mg/m3 as Mn (INORGANIC MANGANESE COMPOUND) and Mn FUME
EYES & SKIN CONTACT, INHALATION, INGESTION
1090 mg/kg (RAT); 780 mg/kg MALE RAT; 525 mg/kg FEMALE RAT; ORAL -HUMAN LDLo: 143
mg/kg
NOT TESTED
NOT TESTED
5 mg/m3 AS Mn CEILING LIMIT
0.2 mg/m3 as Mn (INORGANIC MANGANESE COMPOUND) and Mn FUME
SKIN CONTACT: CONTACT WITH DRY CRYSTALS OR CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS WILL
IRRITATE AND ACT AS A CORROSIVE, CAUSING BURNS TO SKIN AND BODY TISSUE ON
CONTACT. CONTACT AREA WILL BE STAINED BROWN AND THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN
WILL POSSIBLY HARDEN. EYE CONTACT: CONTACT WITH EYES CAN CAUSE SEVERE
BURNS RESULTING IN EYE DAMAGE. INHALATION: INHALATION OF DUST, MIST. OR
SOLUTION SPRAY WILL IRRITATE NOSE, THROAT, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT CAUSING
COUGHING, CHEST TIGHTNESS, AND POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
HIGH INHALATION EXPOSURES CAN CAUSE A BUILDUP OF FLUID IN THE LUNGS
(PULMONARY EDEMA) WHICH MAY RESULT IN DEATH. INGESTION: INGESTION CAN
CAUSE SEVERE IRRITATION OR BURNS TO MOUTH, THROAT, ESOPHAGUS, AND STOMACH
WITH DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING. NAUSEA, GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS, AND POSSIBLE
KIDNEY DAMAGE. EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE AND MUTATION DATA HAVE BEEN
REPORTED IN LITERATURE. CHRONIC: REPEATED OR PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT MAY
CAUSE DEFATTING AND DERMATITIS. LONG TERM INHALATION OF MANGANESE DUSTS
(USUALLY IN FORM OF MANGANESE OXIDES) MAY LEAD TO A HIGH INCIDENCE OF UPPER
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, LUNG IRRITATION, AND POSSIBLE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM DISORDERS WITH SYMPTOMS SIMULATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE.
CAN AGGRAVATE PRE-EXISTING SKIN, RESPIRATORY, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
CONDITIONS.
NONE (X) OSHA () NTP () IARC () OTHER ()
SECTION H - EMERGENCY & FIRST AID DATA
SKIN : CAN CAUSE IRRITATION OR BURNS. WASH AREA IMMEDIATELY WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER WHILE QUICKLY
REMOVING CONTAMINATED CLOTHING. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION.
EYES : CAN CAUSE SEVERE BURNS RESULTING IN PERMANENT DAMAGE. FLUSH EYES WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER
FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES, LIFTING UPPER AND LOWER LIDS. DO NOT USE A CHEMICAL ANTIDOTE. SEEK MEDICAL
ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
INHALATION : REMOVE THE PERSON FROM EXPOSURE. BEGIN RESCUE BREATHING IF BREATHING HAS STOPPED AND CPR IF
HEART ACTION HAS STOPPED. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. MEDICAL OBSERVATION IS RECOMMENDED
FOR 24 TO 48 HOURS AFTER BREATHING OVEREXPOSURE, AS PULMONARY EDEMA MAY BE DELAYED.
INGESTION : CAN CAUSE BURNING OF THROAT, NAUSEA, VOMITING AND STOMACH PAIN. A TRACHEOTOMY MAY BE REQUIRED IF
SWELLING IN THROAT BLOCKS AIR. IF CONSCIOUS AND NOT CONVULSING, GIVE LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER. SEEK
MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
SECTION I - SPILL & DISPOSAL INFORMATION
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF SPILL OR LEAK:
WEAR FULL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (SEE SECTION 8). RESTRICT ACCESS TO AREA OF SPILL / LEAK UNTIL CLEAN UP IS COMPLETE.
REMOVE ALL COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS FROM AREA. ABSORB SOLUTION SPILLS (LIQUIDS) IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A
SIMILAR MATERIAL AND DEPOSIT IN SEALED CONTAINERS. SWEEP OR SHOVEL UP POWDERED/CRYSTALLINE MATERIAL. AVOID
GENERATING DUST. TRANSFER TO CLEAN METAL DRUM FOR DISPOSAL AS RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE. FLUSH SPILL AREA WITH
ABUNDANT QUANTITIES OF WATER. KEEP RUNOFF FROM ENTERING SEWERS OR WATERWAYS TO PREVENT A POSSIBLE EXPLOSION
HAZARD. CONTACT THE DEP AND EPA FOR SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ON DISPOSAL.
WASTE DISPOSAL INFORMATION:
DISPOSE OF AS HAZARDOUS WASTE IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL, STATE (DEP) AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS (EPA).
RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE . NO () YES (X) RCRA N : (D001, D003) CHARACTERISTIC OF IGNITABILITY, REACTIVITY
N/A = NOT APPLICABLE
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300

hepure
technologies inc
CERCLA : NO () YES (X)
RQ (100 LBS.)
FOLLOW ALL LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL INFORMATION AND REGULATIONS
SECTION J • OTHER REGULATORY INFORMATION
innovative solutions for
groundwater treatment
TSCA: WE CERTIFY THAT ALL COMPONENTS OF THIS PRODUCT ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE REGULATIONS OF THE TOXIC
SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT.
SARA TITLE 111, SECT. 313: LISTED (X) NOT LISTED ()
HMIS: HEALTH (3) FLAMMABILITY (0) REACTIVITY (3)
DOT REGULATED: YES: (X) NO: () RQ: (100 LBS.)
IF REGULATED, PROPER SHIPPING NAME: POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE HAZARD CLASS: (5.1)
IDENTIFICATION NO: (UN1490) PACKING GROUP: (II) LABEL REQUIRED: (OXIDIZER)
INLAND BIL: RQ, POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE, 5.1, UN1490, PACKING GROUP II, OXIDIZER
EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDE NO.: (140)
SECTION K • SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
FOR INDUSTRIAL USE ONLY
HANDLING & STORAGE INFORMATION:
PROTECT CONTAINERS FROM PHYSICAL SHOCK AND DAMAGE. MUST BE STORED TO AVOID CONTACT WITH STRONG ACIDS (SUCH AS
HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC AND NITRIC); ANY ORGANIC MATERIAL; OR ANY OTHER COMBUSTIBLE OR OXIDIZABLE SOLID, LIQUID OR
GAS SINCE VIOLENT REACTIONS OCCUR. AVOID STORAGE ON WOODEN FLOORS. ISOLATE FROM ALL HEAT AND IGNITION SOURCES.
STORE IN TIGHTLY CLOSED CONTAINERS IN A COOL WELL -VENTILATED AREA.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS :
DO NOT EAT, SMOKE OR DRINK WHERE POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS HANDLED, PROCESSED, OR STORED. WASH THOROUGHLY
BEFORE EATING OR SMOKING. DO NOT DRY SWEEP FOR CLEAN UP. USE A VACUUM OR A WET METHOD TO REDUCE DUST DURING
CLEANUP. TREAT EMPTY CONTAINERS OF THIS PRODUCT AS HAZARDOUS SINCE THEY MAY STILL CONTAIN PRODUCT RESIDUES.
IN ACCORDANCE WITH GOOD PRACTICES OF PERSONAL HYGIENE. HANDLE WITH DUE CARE AND AVOID ANY UNNECESSARY CONTACT WITH THIS PRODUCT
THIS INFORMATION IS BEING SUPPLIED TO YOU UNDER OSHA "RIGHT TO KNOW' REGULATION 29 CFR 1910.1200 AND IS OFFERED IN GOOD FAITH AS TYPICAL VALUES AND
NOT AS PRODUCT SPECIFICATION. THE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE TRUE AND ACCURATE. NO WARRANTY. EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. REGARDING THE ACCURACY
OF THIS DATA, THE HAZARD CONNECTED WITH USE OF THE MATERIAL, OR THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE THEREOF. IS MADE UNITED MINERAL 8
CHEMICAL CORPORATION AND ITS SUPPLIERS ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGE OR INJURY FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT DESCRIBED HEREIN.
UNITED MINERAL 8 CHEMICAL CORPORATION
EMERGENCY: Chemtrec - 1-800-424-9300