WI0800039_Application_19991116

NOV. -16' 99 (TUE} 15:57
NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL:_9_19 733 4811 P.001
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NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
FAX TRANSMITTAL RECORD
Date: .11 (p r7
From: David J. Lown, LG, PE
Geological Engineer
North Carolina Division of Waste Management
Superfund Section
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NOV. -16' 99(TUE) 15:57
NCDENR WASTE MGMNT TEL.[phone]
RECEIVED
the (OUP
November 09, 1999
NOV 1, 01999
SUPERFUND SECTIOF
Ms. Kate Landman, Code 18232
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
1510 Gilbert Street
Norfolk, VA 23511-2699
RE: Draft Work Plan for Camp Geiger Mr Sparge Trench
Contract N62470-93-D-3032 Delivery Order 0083
MCB, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina
Dear Ms. Landman:
P. 002
OHM Remediadon Services Corp,
11560 Great Oaks IGiiy. Stii+r• 500
Alpharetta, CA 30022-2424
TeJ. 770.475,89(1•4
Fax. 770. 77Z 9545
A Member of The IT f:rpup
Enclosed herewith please find a copy of our draft Work Plan for a dye trace study to
investigate groundwater flow regimes under the influence of air sparging at the subject
site. Please provide review comments by November 23'd to allow commencement of
field activities during December 1999.
Sincerely,
OHM Remediation Services Corp,
1-e.‘,e411/07
James A. Dunn, Jr., PE
Senior Project Manager
Enclosure
PC: Rick Raines -IRA/EMD
Dave Lown - NCDENR
Gena Townsend - EPA Reg. IV
Katy Chavara — Baker Environ,
Diane Rossi — NCDENR
Project 917536

NOV. -16' 99 (TUE) 15:57 NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL:[phone] P 003
MCB CAMP LEJEUNE
OPERABLE UNIT 10, SITE 35, CAMP GEIGER
AIR SPARGE TRENCH
GROUNDWATER FLOW REGIME INVESTIGATION
UTILIZING A DYE TRACE STUDY
NOVEMBER 8,1999
1.0 Introduction
A plume of dissolved phase chlorinated hydrocarbons 2,500 feet long by 1,000 feet wide
has impacted the lower portion of the shallow aquifer at Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base
(MCB), Camp Geiger, Site 35. An air sparge trench 100 feet long by 40 feet deep was
installed within the boundaries of the plume to perform a pilot test. The system has been in
operation since March 1998, As indicated in the progress report dated October 1999, air
sparging appears to be very effective in removing most of the dissolved phase chlorinated
hydrocarbons,
It has been proposed that the trench be extended laterally to remediate the entire plume.
However, concern has been raised that the operation of the trench may cause an "air dam"
to form. This might tend to prevent some of the upgradient groundwater containing
chlorinated hydrocarbons from migrating through the trench. Instead, this groundwater
might be forced around the ends of trench, preventing remediati on from occurring.
Air sparging causes the water table in the vicinity of the trench to fluctuate rapidly and
unpredictably, In some cases, artesian flow has been observed from piezometers located in
the trench. For this reason, potentiometric surface isoelevation maps cannot be used to infer
groundwater and contaminant migration pathways.
2.0 Purpose
An alternative method of evaluating this concern is a dye trace study. The objectives of the
study are:
• Determine if the pilot air sparge trench is capturing the chlorinatedhydrocarbonplume.
• Determine the direction(s) of groundwater flow in the vicinity of the trench.
e Establish point-to-point hydrologic connections.
• Obtain order of magnitude estimates of the time of travel (and thus flow velocity).
The study is performed by injecting a non -toxic tracer into lower portion of the shallow
aquifer and then monitoring for its appearance in strategically located observation wells.
Detection of the tracer is accomplished by collecting water samples from the observation
wells and analyzing them at a qualified laboratory.
Camp Geiger Dye Trace Test November 8, 1999

NOV-16'99(TUE) 15:58 NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL: [phone] P. 004
10 Dye Trace Methodology
The investigation involves four activities:
! Background Survey and Tracer Selection
l Injection
Monitoring
! Report
4.0 Background Survey and Tracer Selection
The most common fluorescent tracers used for groundwater dye studies include
I Fluorescein (CI acid yellow 73)
! Rhodarnine WT (CI acid red 388)
! Eosine (CI acid yellow 87)
! Sulphorhodamine B
Each of these dyes has a characteristic energy absorbency peak at a specific wavelength
and a characteristic energy re -emission peak at a longer wavelength, This characteristic
makes it possible to detect these dyes in concentrations as low as 10 parts per trillion.
The purpose of the background survey is to determine the ambient concentration (if any)
of the four prospective dyes. One water sample will be collected from each of the four
permanent observation wells that are downgradient from the proposed injection point under
natural conditions (OI'-1 S, OP-1 D, MP-3 S, and MP-3D). The samples will be analyzed for
these four tracers. Depending upon the results of the background survey and the site
lithology (some of the dyes are susceptible to absorption by clays), one or two of these
four dyes will be selected for use in the study,
The potential toxicity of these tracers has been extensively studied. In 1984, Smart
reviewed the available information concerning the toxicity of 12 commonly used dyes.
He found that the four tracers listed above presented minimal toxicity in mammals and
"...there is no evidence of either short or long term toxicity to dye users and those
drinking water containing tracer dyes." (It should be noted that the shallow aquifer is not
currently used for drinking water, and the dissolved chlorinated hydrocarbons would
preclude its use as a potable water source long after the dye has completely dissipated).
5.0 Observation Well and Injection Well installation
IT will install one injection well (IP-1) and three observation wells (OB-1, OB-2, OB-3) in
the vicinity of the air sparge trench using direct push equipment (see Figure 1). The direct
push rig should be capable of both auger and hydraulic -powered probing. During
hydraulically powered probing, the rig utilizes the static force and percussion to advance
small diameter sampling tools into the subsurface for sample collection.
Camp Geiger Dye Trace Test November 8, 1999

NOV-16'99(TUE) 15:58 NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL:[phone] P,005
5.1 Observation Well Installation
Temporary observation wells OB-1, OB-2, and OB-3 will be installed by using large
diameter (approximately 2 1/8-inch outside diameter [OD], 1 1/2 inch inside diameter [ID])
probe rods and a disposable aluminum or carbon steel drive point. After the rods are driven
to the base of the aquifer, a one inch ID PVC temporary well consisting of five feet of well
screen and sufficient riser to reach the ground surface will be installed through the inside of
the rods. The disposable steel point will be detached from the rods allowing the PVC well
string to remain in place as the rods are retracted. In the event that geological conditions
prevent the direct push rig from reaching the required depth, the unit will be converted to an
auger rig and conventional observation wells will be installed.
Observation well OB-1 will be installed upgradient of the injection point to determine if the
sparging trench has caused a reversal of the localized groundwater gradient around the
trench. Observation wells 013-2 and OB-3 will be installed on the north west end of the
trench to determine if sparging is causing the chlorinated hydrocarbon plume to migrate
around the end of the trench.
5.2 Injection Point installation and Tracer injection
The target zone for the dye injection is the lowest portion of the shallow aquifer, which has
historically contained the highest level of chlorinated solvents. Injection point IP-1 will be
installed as follows. A 1 1/4-inch OD probe rod with an expendable point and post -run
tubing (PRT) holder will be advanced to the base of the aquifer (approximately 40 feet). If
necessary, the direct push rig will first collect soil samples to determine the exact depth to
the bottom of the aquifer.
A 3/8-inch OD vinyl tubing with a PRT adapter will be inserted down the rod and threaded
into the PRT holder. The expendable point will be retracted from the end of the rod and
approximately five gallons of dye solution will be pumped into the lowest portion of the
aquifer at a rate of approximately 250 milliliters per minute. As the dye is pumped into the
aquifer, the probe rods will be raised at a rate of 0.5 feet per gallon of dye. When the dye
injection is finished, the tubing will be flushed with 2 gallons of potable water and the probe
rods and PRT sampler will be extracted. As the rods are extracted, the probe hole will be
f lled with bentonite slurry.
6.0 Monitoring and Analysis
6.1 Monitoring
After dye has been injected into the aquifer system, one water sample will be collected from
each of the observation wells. These include existing wells OP-1S, OP-1D, MP-3S, and
MP-31:), and new observation wells 013-1 (shallow and deep), OB-2 (shallow and deep),
and OB-3 (shallow and deep). Prior to sampling, each well will be purged a minimum of
three well volumes to remove stagnant water. Following purging, one 40-m1 water sample
will be collected from each observation well.
Camp Geiger Dye Trace Test November 8, 1999

NOV. -L6' 99 (TUE) 15:58 NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL-(119 733 4811 P 006
The samples will be collected at the indicated times following the completion of injection:
12 hours 3 days b days 9 days 20 days 50 days
24 hours 4 days 7 days 10 days 30 days
2 days 5 days 8 days 15 days 40 days
Once the dye is unambiguously detected in an observation well and its concentration is no
longer increasing, that well will be deleted from the list for further sampling.
Each groundwater sample will be labeled with the unique sample location name, sampler
name, and time and date of collection. Each sample will be sealed in its own Ziplock bag
and safely packaged for shipment. To document the sampling process, Chain of Custody
and Request for Analysis forms will be completed as the samples are collected. The
background water samples will be sent to a qualified laboratory by courier for analysis on a
spectrofluorophotometer.
6.1 Water Sample Analysis
A Shimadzu SpectrofluorophotometerModel RF 5301U will be used for analyzing both the
excitation and emission maxima of fluorescent dyes. This instrument can detect the
prospective dyes in concentrations as low as 10 parts per trillion. It provides a scaled graph
of the fluorescence intensity versus excitation and/or emission wavelengths. By analyzing a
sample in the synchronous scanning mode where a broad band of the spectrum is analyzed,
the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis is greater than single emission or excitation
scan (Duley,1986). Analysis of the water samples will take approximately two days from
receipt of the samples.
The background survey samples will be analyzed for the ambient concentrations of
Fluorescein (CI acid yellow 73), Rhodamine WT (CI acid red 388), Eosine (CI acid yellow
87), and Sulphorhodamine B. The lab will also evaluate if other compounds are present in
the groundwater that might cause interference with a specific dye. Once the specific tracers
are selected for the study, the laboratory will only analyze for those tracers in the
groundwater samples that are collected following injection.
7.0 Dye Trace Report
IT wi]i prepare a dye trace report that summarizes the field activities and the results of the
dye trace. IT will prepare a base map showing the injection point, observation wells and
air sparge trench. A second map will be prepared showing the locations where dye was
detected above background concentrations and the frst dates when those detections
occurred. Tables will be prepared comparing the background results to those results
obtained after the dye was injected. Copies of the spectrofluorophotometer analysis will
be included in an appendix. Based upon the results of the dye trace, IT will make
recommendations for future remediation altematives at the site.
Camp Geiger Dye Trace Test November 8, 1999

NOV. -16' 99(TUE) 15:59
NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEL,:-Q19 733 4811 P 007
8.0 Schedule
Assuming notice to proceed is received by November 24`h, IT would make every effort to
conduct the dye injection before the end of December 1999. If that takes place, the
sampling period would be completed by the end of February and a draft report would be
issued to LANTDIV by the end of March 2000.
Camp Geiger Dye Trace Test November 8, 1999

NOV, -16' 99 (TUE) 15:59 NCDENR WASTE MGMNT
TEP119 733 4811 P. 008
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